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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Theater</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dance_forms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dance_forms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Dance forms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance_forms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Martial_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Martial_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Martial arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Martial_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clothing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clothing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Clothing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clothing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kannada_journalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kannada_journalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kannada journalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kannada_journalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_popular_Kannadigas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_popular_Kannadigas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Contemporary popular Kannadigas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contemporary_popular_Kannadigas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contemporary popular Kannadigas subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_popular_Kannadigas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spiritual_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spiritual_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Spiritual leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spiritual_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gandhian_philosophers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gandhian_philosophers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Gandhian philosophers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gandhian_philosophers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_science_and_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_science_and_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Modern science and technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_science_and_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmentalists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmentalists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Environmentalists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmentalists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_cricketers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_cricketers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Current cricketers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_cricketers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retired_cricketers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retired_cricketers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Retired cricketers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retired_cricketers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_2-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Purana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Purana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Punya_Koti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punya_Koti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Punya Koti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punya_Koti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vishwa_Maanava" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vishwa_Maanava"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Vishwa Maanava</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vishwa_Maanava-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_sphere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_sphere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Political sphere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_sphere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caste_and_Communities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caste_and_Communities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Caste and Communities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caste_and_Communities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horanadu_Kannadigaru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horanadu_Kannadigaru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Horanadu Kannadigaru</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horanadu_Kannadigaru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unification_of_Karnataka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unification_of_Karnataka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Unification of Karnataka</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Unification_of_Karnataka-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Unification of Karnataka subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Unification_of_Karnataka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_and_Second_World_Wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_and_Second_World_Wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>First and Second World Wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_and_Second_World_Wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_post-1947_scene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_post-1947_scene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>The post-1947 scene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_post-1947_scene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kannadigas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="شعب كانادا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعب كانادا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="کانارالار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کانارالار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="কন্নড় জাতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কন্নড় জাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Канада (народ) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Канада (народ)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannada_(herria)" title="Kannada (herria) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kannada (herria)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85_%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="قوم کنادا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قوم کنادا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B8%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B8" title="칸나다인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칸나다인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Kannada" title="Orang Kannada – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Kannada" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97" title="ಕನ್ನಡಿಗ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕನ್ನಡಿಗ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Каннара – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Каннара" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadai" title="Kanadai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kanadai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadiga_(vahoaka)" title="Kanadiga (vahoaka) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kanadiga (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE" title="कन्नडिगा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कन्नडिगा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannara_(xalq)" title="Kannara (xalq) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kannara (xalq)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannadygowie" title="Kannadygowie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kannadygowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Каннара – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каннара" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannadigas" title="Kannadigas – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kannadigas" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanara_(narod)" title="Kanara (narod) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kanara (narod)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannadafolket" title="Kannadafolket – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kannadafolket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="கன்னடர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கன்னடர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E7%B4%8D%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" title="坎納拉人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="坎納拉人" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannada_people&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada people">Kannada people</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dravidian ethnic group</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Kannadigas<br />Kannaḍigaru<br />ಕನ್ನಡಿಗರು</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Kannada_people.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Flag_of_the_Kannada_people.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_Kannada_people.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Flag_of_the_Kannada_people.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Kannada_people.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Flag_of_the_Kannada_people.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_Kannada_people.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ugadi_Celebrations.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ugadi_Celebrations.jpg/220px-Ugadi_Celebrations.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ugadi_Celebrations.jpg/330px-Ugadi_Celebrations.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ugadi_Celebrations.jpg/440px-Ugadi_Celebrations.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Children and woman dressed in traditional attire</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/circa#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:circa">c.</a><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 44 million</span></b><sup id="cite_ref-Census_2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></th><td class="infobox-data">44 million<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2011_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2011-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Majority</b>:<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Om.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/15px-Om.svg.png" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/12px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/18px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/24px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="1934" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/18px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/27px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/36px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Allah-green.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/30px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/12px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/18px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/24px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li></ul></div><sup id="cite_ref-census2011_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_peoples" title="Dravidian peoples">Dravidians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tulu_people" title="Tulu people">Tuluvas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_people" title="Konkani people">Konkanis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kodava_people" title="Kodava people">Kodavas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_people" title="Telugu people">Telugu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tamils" title="Tamils">Tamils</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Malayalis" title="Malayalis">Malayalis</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Kannadigas</b> or <b>Kannadigaru</b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a>: <span lang="kn">ಕನ್ನಡಿಗರು</span><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), often referred to as <b>Kannada people</b>, are a <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_peoples" title="Dravidian peoples">Dravidian</a> ethno-linguistic group who natively speak <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a> South Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and its surrounding regions.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada language</a> belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian family of languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclo_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclo-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kannada stands among 30 of the most widely spoken languages of the world as of 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-censusindia.gov.in_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusindia.gov.in-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the Mauryas, parts of Karnataka were variously ruled by dynasties who were from the outside. One theory posits that the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a>, one of the region's most renowned, was founded by Kannadigas who served as commanders in the <a href="/wiki/Hoysala_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala kingdom">Hoysala</a> Empire's army stationed in the Tungabhadra region.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a> language has written inscriptions dating back as far as 450 CE. Kannada literature is mostly composed of treatises on various topics and poems on religious works. Kannada architecture is dominated by stone-carved sculptured palaces, temples and traditional wooden folk houses known as thotti mane and chowki mane.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of religious architectures built during ancient and medieval period are today UNESCO World Heritage sites.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Karnataka" title="History of Karnataka">History of Karnataka</a></div> <p>Minor dynasties that have played an important role in the development of Kannada language, culture and polity were <a href="/wiki/Tuluva_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuluva Dynasty">Tuluva Dynasty</a> of Canara,<sup id="cite_ref-tuluva_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuluva-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ratta_dynasty" title="Ratta dynasty">Rattas of Saundatti</a> (Belgaum),<sup id="cite_ref-tuluva_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuluva-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guttas of Guttal (Dharwad region),<sup id="cite_ref-gut_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gut-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bana_kingdom" title="Bana kingdom">Banas</a> of Kolar,<sup id="cite_ref-bana_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bana-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nolambas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nolambas">Nolambas</a> of Nolambavadi,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nol1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nol1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vaidumbas,<sup id="cite_ref-vai_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vai-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vai1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vai1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chengalvas,<sup id="cite_ref-tuluva_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuluva-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kongalvas,<sup id="cite_ref-tuluva_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuluva-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sendrakas of Nagarkhanda (Banavasi province), <a href="/wiki/Kempe_Gowda_I" title="Kempe Gowda I">Yalahanka Nadaprabhu Kempegowda</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nad_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nad-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sindas of Yelburga (Bijapur-Gulbarga),<sup id="cite_ref-gut_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gut-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kadamba_of_Hangal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadamba of Hangal">Kadamba of Hangal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-han_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-han-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, other well known kingdoms that patronized Kannada poets and Kannada language were: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Chalukyas" title="Eastern Chalukyas">Eastern Chalukyas</a><sup id="cite_ref-tuluva_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuluva-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakatiya_dynasty" title="Kakatiya dynasty">Kakatiya dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-tuluva_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuluva-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seuna_Yadavas_of_Devagiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri">Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri</a><sup id="cite_ref-seuna_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seuna-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilahara" title="Shilahara">Shilahara</a><sup id="cite_ref-tuluva_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuluva-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadamba Dynasty">Kadambas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a><sup id="cite_ref-goa_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goa-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Karnat_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnat dynasty">Karnata Dynasty</a> (founded by Nanyadeva I) of <a href="/wiki/Mithila_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithila (India)">Mithila</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-mita_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mita-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-viceroy10_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viceroy10-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-deva_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deva-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-establish_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-establish-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sengupta_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sengupta-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bhim_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bhim-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-drama_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drama-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pollock_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pollock-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Quotation needed from source to verify. (November 2024)">need quotation to verify</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The Chalukyas of Gujarat,<sup id="cite_ref-cha_guj_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cha_guj-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-berar1_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berar1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Quotation needed from source to verify. (November 2024)">need quotation to verify</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The Chalukyas of Vengi (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Chalukya" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Chalukya">Eastern Chalukya</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-cha_guj_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cha_guj-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-viceroy_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viceroy-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vice1_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Seuna_Yadavas_of_Devagiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri">Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-dev_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dev-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dev1_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dev1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dev3_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dev3-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Quotation needed from source to verify. (November 2024)">need quotation to verify</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-dev4_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dev4-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Marhatta_(region)" title="Marhatta (region)">Maharatta</a> <a href="/wiki/Rashtrakutas" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakutas">Rashtrakuta</a> family ruling from <a href="/wiki/Berar_sultanate" title="Berar sultanate">Berar</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Amravati_district" title="Amravati district">Amravati district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-berar_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berar-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Rashtrakutas branch of Gujarat (Lata branch),<sup id="cite_ref-sign_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sign-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sign1_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sign1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sena_dynasty" title="Sena dynasty">Sena dynasty</a> of Bengal<sup id="cite_ref-sinha_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sinha-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bengal_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bengal-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chandra_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chandra-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Quotation needed from source to verify. (November 2024)">need quotation to verify</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Folk_arts_of_Karnataka" title="Folk arts of Karnataka">Folk arts of Karnataka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_and_culture_of_Karnataka" title="Art and culture of Karnataka">Art and culture of Karnataka</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Temples_of_Karnataka" title="Temples of Karnataka">Temples of Karnataka</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karnataka_Hampi_IMG_0730.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Karnataka_Hampi_IMG_0730.jpg/220px-Karnataka_Hampi_IMG_0730.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Karnataka_Hampi_IMG_0730.jpg/330px-Karnataka_Hampi_IMG_0730.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Karnataka_Hampi_IMG_0730.jpg/440px-Karnataka_Hampi_IMG_0730.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Hampi, capital of <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a> has been the epitome of art in Karnataka. Be it the musical pillars of <a href="/wiki/Hampi" title="Hampi">Hampi</a>, which is listed as a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn">ekashila</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Monolithic_architecture" title="Monolithic architecture">monolithic</a>) statue of Gommateshvara <a href="/wiki/Bahubali" title="Bahubali">Bahubali</a> that was voted by Indians as the first of Seven Wonders of India<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <i><a href="/wiki/Chitradurga_Fort" title="Chitradurga Fort">Yelu Sutthina Kote</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Chitradurga" title="Chitradurga">Chitradurga</a> (The Fort of Seven Laps) cutting across hill or the wholesomeness of carvings of temples which bared down all desires to be left out of it and formless (above all forms) all encompassing — the inner <a href="/wiki/Garbhagriha" title="Garbhagriha">garbhagrihas</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The temples of Karnataka had in them many <i>shaili</i> or varieties to credit. A majority of the temples were built using the locally available stones. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gomateswara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gomateswara.jpg/220px-Gomateswara.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Gomateswara.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="483" /></a><figcaption>57-foot monolithic statue of Gommateshvara <a href="/wiki/Bahubali" title="Bahubali">Bahubali</a> dated 978–993 AD.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3_%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3_%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86.JPG/220px-%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3_%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3_%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86.JPG/330px-%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3_%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3_%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86.JPG/440px-%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3_%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="770" /></a><figcaption>Traditional folk house with courtyard and <i><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulsi in Hinduism">tulasi katte</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Some of the places of interest are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora Caves</a> houses the Kailasanatha temple of Ellora was built by the Rashtrakutas Dynasty and is declared a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a><sup id="cite_ref-unesco_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aurangabad,ellora_kailash_temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Aurangabad%2Cellora_kailash_temple.jpg/220px-Aurangabad%2Cellora_kailash_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Aurangabad%2Cellora_kailash_temple.jpg/330px-Aurangabad%2Cellora_kailash_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Aurangabad%2Cellora_kailash_temple.jpg/440px-Aurangabad%2Cellora_kailash_temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kailasa_Temple,_Ellora" title="Kailasa Temple, Ellora">Kailasa Temple, Ellora</a> built by <a href="/wiki/Krishna_I" title="Krishna I">Krishna I</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elephanta_Caves" title="Elephanta Caves">Elephanta Caves</a> island was a summer resort of Rashtrakuta kings and is declared a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konark_Sun_Temple" title="Konark Sun Temple">Konark Sun Temple</a> also called Surya Devalaya and Black Pagoda built in coastline of Odisha, India by Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty is declared a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_47-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajanta_Caves" title="Ajanta Caves">Ajanta Caves</a> have sculptures of Rashrakutas and Badami Chalukyas and is declared a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_47-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampi" title="Hampi">Hampi</a> houses the ruins of the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a> and is declared a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a><sup id="cite_ref-unesco_47-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattadakal" title="Pattadakal">Pattadakal</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Vesara" title="Vesara">vesara</a> style of <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> temple <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>, a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badami_cave_temples" title="Badami cave temples">Badami cave temples</a>, a regal capital of the <a href="/wiki/Badami_Chalukyas" class="mw-redirect" title="Badami Chalukyas">Badami Chalukyas</a>, now famous for its <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> cave temples<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aihole" title="Aihole">Aihole</a> is known for its many temples<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy">inscriptions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukya</a> <a href="/wiki/Pulakeshin_II" title="Pulakeshin II">Pulakeshin II</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Kannada" title="Old Kannada">Old Kannada</a> script<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basavakalyan" title="Basavakalyan">Basavakalyan</a>, a major centre of social and religious movement in the 12th century by <a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a>, consists of temples in Chalukyan architecture<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itagi" class="mw-redirect" title="Itagi">Itagi</a> is home to the <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> temple built by <a href="/wiki/Vikram%C4%81ditya" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikramāditya">Vikramāditya</a>. Considered to be the best specimen of Kalyani Chalukyan art, it has as many as 68 decorated pillars, an ornate tower and a doorway of great workmanship<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakkundi" title="Lakkundi">Lakkundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belur,_Karnataka" title="Belur, Karnataka">Belur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halebeedu" class="mw-redirect" title="Halebeedu">Halebeedu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shravanabelagola" title="Shravanabelagola">Shravanabelagola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saumyakeshava_Temple,_Nagamangala" title="Saumyakeshava Temple, Nagamangala">Saumyakeshava Temple, Nagamangala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshminarayana_Temple,_Hosaholalu" title="Lakshminarayana Temple, Hosaholalu">Lakshminarayana Temple, Hosaholalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallikarjuna_Temple,_Basaralu" title="Mallikarjuna Temple, Basaralu">Mallikarjuna Temple, Basaralu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikkeri" title="Ikkeri">Ikkeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keladi" title="Keladi">Keladi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banavasi" title="Banavasi">Banavasi</a></li></ul> <p>Pioneer sculptors include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarashilpi_Jakanachari" class="mw-redirect" title="Amarashilpi Jakanachari">Amarashilpi Jakanachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruvari_Malithamma" title="Ruvari Malithamma">Ruvari Malithamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavundaraya" title="Chavundaraya">Chavundaraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Shilpi_Siddanthi_Siddalinga_Swami" title="Sri Shilpi Siddanthi Siddalinga Swami">Siddalinga Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Venkatappa" title="K. Venkatappa">K. Venkatappa</a></li></ul> <p>Modern day contemporaries include visionary architects such as: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mokshagundam_Visvesvaraya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya">Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya</a>, father of modern Indian engineering, <i>Kannambadi Katte</i> or KRS dam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kengal_Hanumanthaiah" title="Kengal Hanumanthaiah">Kengal Hanumanthaiah</a>, Vidhana Soudha</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mysore_Painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Mysore_Painting.jpg/220px-Mysore_Painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Mysore_Painting.jpg/330px-Mysore_Painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Mysore_Painting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="492" /></a><figcaption>Mysore religious <i>icon</i> painting depicting Goddess <a href="/wiki/Saraswathi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saraswathi">Saraswathi</a></figcaption></figure><p>Modern Kannada art is primarily influenced by Raja Ravi Varma and his realism. Popular visual arts generally revolve around puppetry. Most traditional religious paintings include works that are very colorful. </p><p>These are many of the places where art is displayed. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Chitrakala_Parishat" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnataka Chitrakala Parishat">Karnataka Chitrakala Parishat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chowdiah_Memorial_Hall" title="Chowdiah Memorial Hall">Chowdiah Memorial Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Gayana_Samaja" title="Bangalore Gayana Samaja">Gaayana Samaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranga_Shankara" title="Ranga Shankara">Ranga Shankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nrityagram" title="Nrityagram">Nrithya Grama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravindra_Kalakshetra" title="Ravindra Kalakshetra">Ravindra Kalakshetra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gubbi_Veeranna#Theatre_company" title="Gubbi Veeranna">Gubbi Veeranna Rangamandira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janapada_Loka" title="Janapada Loka">Janapada Loka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangayana" title="Rangayana">Rangayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninasam" title="Ninasam">Ninasam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhat_Kalavidaru" title="Prabhat Kalavidaru">Prabhat Kalavidaru</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Musicians_of_Mysore_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Musicians of Mysore kingdom">Musicians of Mysore kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dasa_sahitya" title="Dasa sahitya">Dasa sahitya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vachana_Sahitya" class="mw-redirect" title="Vachana Sahitya">Vachana Sahitya</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dasa_sahitya" title="Dasa sahitya">Dasa sahitya</a> is the literature of <a href="/wiki/Bhakti_movement" title="Bhakti movement">Bhakti movement</a> composed by devotees in honor of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Lord Vishnu</a> or one of his <a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">avatars</a>. <i>Dasa</i> is literally "servant" in Kannada and <i>sahitya</i> is literature. <i>Haridasas</i> ("servants of God") were preachers of <a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a> to Vishnu. The bhakti literature of these Haridasas is collectively referred to as Dasa Sahitya. It is composed in the Kannada language.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasas</a> richly contributed to the heritage of Karntataka music.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sastri_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sastri-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They made an indelible impression on the religious and cultural life of Karnataka by spreading the <a href="/wiki/Didacticism" title="Didacticism">didactic</a> teachings in a musical form to the hearts of the common folk.<sup id="cite_ref-spread_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spread-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like other doyens of Indian classical music, these scholars offered prayer to Vishnu through music, called <i>naadopasana.</i> The Lord is described as <i>Samagana priya,</i> and bhakti through music is the most preferred path to 'reach' Him.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Haridasa compositions are popularly known as <i>Devaranamas.</i> Compositions like <i><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Ni_Begane_Baaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishna Ni Begane Baaro">Krishna Nee Begane Baaro</a>, Venkatachala Nilayam, Jagadoddharana, <a href="/wiki/Tambori" title="Tambori">Tamboori</a> Meetidava</i> are some of the many examples of their scholarly work. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veena_(close_view).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Veena_%28close_view%29.jpg/260px-Veena_%28close_view%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Veena_%28close_view%29.jpg/390px-Veena_%28close_view%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Veena_%28close_view%29.jpg/520px-Veena_%28close_view%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Veena" title="Veena">Veena</a> is the most commonly used instrument in Carnatic music.</figcaption></figure> <p>Some noted Haridasas or composers of Dasa Sahitya are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a>, widely regarded as <i>Karnataka Sangeeta Pitamaha</i> or "Father of <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Dasa" title="Kanaka Dasa">Kanaka Dasa</a>, a younger contemporary of Purandara Dasa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripadaraja" title="Sripadaraja">Sripadaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasatirtha" title="Vyasatirtha">Vyasatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadirajatirtha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vadirajatirtha">Vadirajatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannatha_Dasa_(Kannada_poet)" title="Jagannatha Dasa (Kannada poet)">Jagannatha Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopala_Dasa" title="Gopala Dasa">Gopala Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Dasa" title="Vijaya Dasa">Vijaya Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naraharitirtha" class="mw-redirect" title="Naraharitirtha">Naraharitirtha</a></li></ul> <p>One of the oldest forms of music in the region is <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnatic Music">Karnataka Shastreeya Sangeetha</a> which has evolved over ages. Both <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindustani music">Hindustani</a> and Karnataka variations are respected and nurtured by Kannadigas. <a href="/wiki/Bhavageete" title="Bhavageete">Bhavageete</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sugama_Sangeetha" title="Sugama Sangeetha">Sugama Sangeetha</a> are some innovations. Other forms of music include <a href="/wiki/Gamaka_(music)" title="Gamaka (music)">Gamaka</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joogera Pada and <a href="/wiki/Lavani" title="Lavani">Lavani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thielemann_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thielemann-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a> is considered a unique and indigenous form of both music and dance of Karnataka.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contemporary musical thespians are: </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veene_Sheshanna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Veene_Sheshanna.jpg/230px-Veene_Sheshanna.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Veene_Sheshanna.jpg/345px-Veene_Sheshanna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Veene_Sheshanna.jpg/460px-Veene_Sheshanna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Veene_Sheshanna" title="Veene Sheshanna">Veene Sheshanna</a> (1852-1926) notable Veena player and composer.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhimsen_Joshi" title="Bhimsen Joshi">Pandit Bhimsen Joshi</a>, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ratna" title="Bharat Ratna">Bharat Ratna</a> — <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India's</a> highest civilian honor<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangubai_Hangal" title="Gangubai Hangal">Gangubai Hangal</a>, awarded both <a href="/wiki/Padma_Bhushan" title="Padma Bhushan">Padma Bhushan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Padma_Vibhushan" title="Padma Vibhushan">Padma Vibhushan</a> in 1971 and 2002 respectively<sup id="cite_ref-Padma_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Padma-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Aswath" class="mw-redirect" title="C. Aswath">C. Aswath</a>, recipient of <a href="/wiki/Rajyotsava_Prashasti" title="Rajyotsava Prashasti">Karnataka Rajyotsava Prashasti</a> for his immense contribution to <a href="/wiki/Bhavageete" title="Bhavageete">Bhavageete</a><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doraiswamy_Iyengar" class="mw-redirect" title="Doraiswamy Iyengar">Veene Doraiswamy Iyengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puttaraj_Gawai" title="Puttaraj Gawai">Puttaraj Gawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honnappa_Bhagavathar" title="Honnappa Bhagavathar">Honnappa Bhagavathar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Kalinga_Rao" title="P. Kalinga Rao">P. Kalinga Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balappa_Hukkeri" title="Balappa Hukkeri">Balappa Hukkeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallikarjun_Mansur" title="Mallikarjun Mansur">Mallikarjuna Mansur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basavaraja_Rajguru" class="mw-redirect" title="Basavaraja Rajguru">Basavaraja Rajguru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veene_Sheshanna" title="Veene Sheshanna">Veene Sheshanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chowdiah" title="Chowdiah">T. Chowdiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawai_Gandharva" title="Sawai Gandharva">Sawai Gandharva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumar_Gandharva" title="Kumar Gandharva">Kumar Gandharva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Ananthaswamy" title="Mysore Ananthaswamy">Mysore Ananthaswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Manjunath" title="Mysore Manjunath">Mysore Manjunath</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theater">Theater</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Theater"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaanapada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jaanapada.jpg/260px-Jaanapada.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jaanapada.jpg/390px-Jaanapada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jaanapada.jpg/520px-Jaanapada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jaanapada" title="Jaanapada">Jaanapada</a> artists at government-sponsored <i>Jaanapadha Jaatre</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Rangabhoomi or the theater culture is a tradition with Kannadigas. While a lot of <span title="Kannada-language romanization"><i lang="kn-Latn">gadhya</i></span> (literature) is written in praise of the heroic characters of the epics and puranas, there are major works depicting the kings and their rule. These are called <span title="Kannada-language romanization"><i lang="kn-Latn">Naataka</i></span> (plays having wide-ranging stages for performance like Rangamancha staged in either theaters or on streets) and <i><a href="/wiki/Bayalata" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayalata">Bayalata</a></i> (<span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಬಯಲಾಟ</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Bayal_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bayal-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As its etymology indicates, <i>bayalu</i> means open-air field and <i>ata</i> means theater. In southern Karnataka, the eastern and western varieties of <a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a> are termed Bayalata, whereas in the north, several other distinct genres are included under the name.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Harikatha" title="Harikatha">Harikathe</a> which covers an entire night is another form where one (or more) person tells a story in an outstanding manner accompanied by music at background.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a common feature to narrate battles, stories, devotions or <i><a href="/wiki/Vratha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vratha">vratha</a></i> in front of temples on auspicious days like <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Dasara" title="Mysore Dasara">Dasara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harikathe is a composite art form composed of story telling, poetry, music, drama, dance, and philosophy. Today, late-night Harikathe sessions are organized overseas where Kannadiga population is considerable.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Togalu_gombeyaata" title="Togalu gombeyaata">Togalu gombeyaata</a>, is a unique puppet show form of shadow puppetry, Gombe ata involves story telling using character made from dolls, Whose performance is controlled by the humans in the background using invisible threads <sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Vasanta_Habba" title="Vasanta Habba">Vasanta Habba</a></i> (ವಸಂತ ಹಬ್ಬ), which means "spring festival" in Kannada is a cultural festival organized by the <a href="/wiki/Nrityagram" title="Nrityagram">Nrityagram foundation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bengaluru</a>. It is a very popular event and is considered the classical <a href="/wiki/Woodstock" title="Woodstock">Woodstock</a> of India.<sup id="cite_ref-wood_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> First held in 1990, it now attracts the best musicians, dancers and cultural artists from across India.<sup id="cite_ref-arti_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arti-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly,'Bengaluru Habba (ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು ಹಬ್ಬ is a congregation of art performances at places in the city which is successfully celebrated every year. It aims to provide aesthetic entertainment to a wide cultural, social and demographic cross-section of the city's people by partnering with corporates and other stakeholders since 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Karnataka" title="Government of Karnataka">Government of Karnataka</a> tried to bring the folklore and art into the city of Bengaluru by initiating <a href="/wiki/Jaanapada" title="Jaanapada">Jaanapada Jaatre</a> which was hugely successful and received well by art lovers. It is usually held on select weekends in <a href="/wiki/Lal_Bagh" title="Lal Bagh">Lalbagh</a> and other parts of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some famous theatrical, <a href="/wiki/Kannada_cinema" title="Kannada cinema">cinematic</a> and television personalities like <a href="/wiki/T_P_Kailasam" class="mw-redirect" title="T P Kailasam">T P Kailasam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gubbi_Veeranna" title="Gubbi Veeranna">Gubbi Veeranna</a>, C. Honappa Bhagavathar, <a href="/wiki/G_V_Iyer" class="mw-redirect" title="G V Iyer">G V Iyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dr._Rajkumar" title="Dr. Rajkumar">Dr. Rajkumar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puttanna_Kanagal" title="Puttanna Kanagal">Puttanna Kanagal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalpana_(Kannada_actress)" title="Kalpana (Kannada actress)">Kalpana</a>, <a href="/wiki/B._S._Ranga" title="B. S. Ranga">B. S. Ranga</a>, <a href="/wiki/B._V._Karanth" title="B. V. Karanth">B V Karanth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Girish_Kasaravalli" title="Girish Kasaravalli">Girish Kasaravalli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shankar_Nag" title="Shankar Nag">Shankar Nag</a>, <a href="/wiki/T.S._Nagabharana" class="mw-redirect" title="T.S. Nagabharana">T.S. Nagabharana</a>, <a href="/wiki/T_N_Seetharam" class="mw-redirect" title="T N Seetharam">T N Seetharam</a> have contributed for its richness. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dance_forms">Dance forms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dance forms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dances_of_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Dances of Karnataka">Dances of Karnataka</a></div> <p>The mystic and spirited reliving of legends and epics are the major depictions in dance forms. With the theater of battle scenes of heroism, loyalty and treachery, colour and pageantry are the main subjects. More are adapted with the course of nature and seasons adding colour to the harvesting seasons. Tribal forms of dance can be found limited in the regions inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Soliga_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Soliga tribe">Soligas</a>, of which <i>Pinasee</i> is a traditional dance form.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The people of <a href="/wiki/Kodagu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodagu">Kodagu</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a> also have their own dance forms. </p><p>Some of the folk dances and classical dance forms in Karnataka include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dollu_Kunitha" title="Dollu Kunitha">Dollu Kunitha</a>, a popular <a href="/wiki/Drum" title="Drum">drum</a> dance accompanied by singing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeragase" title="Veeragase">Veeragase</a>, It is vigorous dance which involves very intense energy-sapping movements performed by jangamas <sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamsale" title="Kamsale">Kamsale</a>, is a folk dance performed by the devotees of lord Male mahadeshwara with rhythmic instrument</li> <li>Somana Kunitha / Chamana kunitha, a Form of mask dance, Somana kunitha is ritualistic performance during the festivals in temples, prominently glorifying village deities worshipped by the people since ages <sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pooja Kunita, A religious folk dance of Karnataka which is performed by holding Shakti devata on the head<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Suggi Kunitha, is performed during harvesting festival in Karnataka, Haalakki tribe living in coastal part of north canara perform this dance at the time of holy harvesting festival <sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goravara_Kunitha" title="Goravara Kunitha">Goravara Kunitha</a> is a treditional dance of kurubas which is dedicated to lord mialara linga</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a> is a form of dance which is popular in coastal Karnataka<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bhootha (Gana) Aradhane /<a href="/wiki/Buta_Kola" title="Buta Kola">Buta Kola</a>, This form of dance is widely performed in coastal regions. A dancer personifying a bhoota (holy spirit) dances around the plinth with sword & jingling bells.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaarudi_Gombe" title="Gaarudi Gombe">Gaarudi Gombe</a>, where dancers adorn themselves with giant doll-suits made of <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> sticks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolata" title="Kolata">Kolata</a>, a stick dance.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Huttari, is a form of dance performed by Kodavas during harvest festival</li> <li>Moodalapaya, is the eastern form of Yakshagana which is popular in North Karnataka<sup id="cite_ref-keralatourism.org_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keralatourism.org-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayalata" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayalata">Bayalata</a>, featuring stories of <a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a> rendered as dance<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a> is classical dance of Karnataka, too. It is referred to as Bharata- Natya in Kannada. The similar dance content was discussed in the Kannada text <a href="/wiki/Manasollasa" title="Manasollasa">Manasollasa</a>, written by Someshwara lll.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jaggahalige Mela, is performed in hubli-dharwad region on the auspicious occasion of Holi & ugadi<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaga_(festival)" title="Karaga (festival)">Karaga (festival)</a>, is celebrated annually which is dedicated to draupadi, Bengaluru Karaga is a notable event.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Martial_arts">Martial arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Martial arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The martial arts more prevalent in parts of North Karnataka with Garadi Mane present in every village and a head to train the youngsters into fit individuals. <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Kusthi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malla-yuddha" title="Malla-yuddha">Malla Yuddha</a>, Kathi Varase (which can be seen depicted in Veeragase and similar to sword fighting), Malla Kambha (gymnastics on a pole structure with/without rope) are some of the prominent arts practised. </p><p>The Mysore <a href="/wiki/Odeyar" class="mw-redirect" title="Odeyar">Odeyars</a> arrange kaalaga or fights like <a href="/wiki/Vajra-mushti" title="Vajra-mushti">Vajra Mushti</a> during <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Dasara" title="Mysore Dasara">Dasara</a> festival which is made less frightening these days as they are publicly staged. Rock lifting, Bull race, Kusthi, and Kabaddi are popular sports.<sup id="cite_ref-wrest_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wrest-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Yogasana</a>, Praanayama and health-related camps are very popular throughout the state and some of the best <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a> practitioners can be found here. <a href="/wiki/Art_of_Living_Foundation" title="Art of Living Foundation">Art of Living</a> is one such organization immensely popular all over the world. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malladihalli_Sri_Raghavendra_Swamiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Malladihalli Sri Raghavendra Swamiji">Malladihalli Sri Raghavendra Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Pattabhi_Jois" title="K. Pattabhi Jois">K. Pattabhi Jois</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Kannadigas" title="Special:EditPage/Kannadigas">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Kannadigas celebrate festivals throughout the year presenting the diverse culture and belief of the ethnicity. Festivals have varied reasons to celebrate. </p> <ul><li>Agriculture: Upon onset of monsoon, sowing or harvest there are festivals celebrated like <a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Chaandramana Ugaadi</a> (marking of new year), <a href="/wiki/Makara_Sankranthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Makara Sankranthi">Makara Sankranthi</a> and Huttari.</li> <li>Monsoon: <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Dasara" title="Mysore Dasara">Dasara</a>/<a href="/wiki/Navarathri" class="mw-redirect" title="Navarathri">Navarathri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayudha_Puja" title="Ayudha Puja">Ayudha Puja</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Deepavali</a>.</li> <li>Puraana: <a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivarathri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahalakshmi_Vrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahalakshmi Vrata">Varamahalakshmi Vrata</a>, Bheemana Amavasye, Swarna Gowri Vratha, <a href="/wiki/Ganesha_Chaturthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganesha Chaturthi">Ganesha Chaturthi</a>, Naagara Panchami, Ratha Sapthami, <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Krishna Janmashtami</a>, Rama Navami, <a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Dashami" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijaya Dashami">Vijaya Dashami</a>, Vaikunta Ekadashi, Naraka Chaturdashi, <a href="/wiki/Bali_Padyami" class="mw-redirect" title="Bali Padyami">Bali Padyami</a> and others.</li></ul> <p>In the countryside, a <i>dana jaathre</i> (livestock fair) is held which is a conglomeration of people where a local demigod is worshiped and a <i><a href="/wiki/Ratha" title="Ratha">ratha</a></i> or <i>theru</i> (chariots) are moved by the bhakthas and daasoha (free food) is arranged for the visitors. </p><p>North Karnataka has a unique blend of Hindu and Muslim brotherhood with people celebrating festivals in unison and exchanging goodwills owing to great revolutionary <a href="/wiki/Shishunala_Sharif" title="Shishunala Sharif">Shishunala Sharif</a> and Guru Govinda Bhatta who had displayed their religious tolerance and spiritual unity of all religions. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> is celebrated at large in Bengaluru and Mangalooru which host some of the oldest churches and educational institutions of the country. <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahaveera" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahaveera">Mahaveera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Shankara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basavanna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandhi">Gandhi</a> are remembered on their birth anniversaries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Karnataka">Cuisine of Karnataka</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dosai_Chutney_Hotel_Saravana_Bhavan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Dosai_Chutney_Hotel_Saravana_Bhavan.jpg/220px-Dosai_Chutney_Hotel_Saravana_Bhavan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Dosai_Chutney_Hotel_Saravana_Bhavan.jpg/330px-Dosai_Chutney_Hotel_Saravana_Bhavan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Dosai_Chutney_Hotel_Saravana_Bhavan.jpg/440px-Dosai_Chutney_Hotel_Saravana_Bhavan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Masala_dosa" title="Masala dosa">Masale Dosey</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The cuisine of Karnataka includes many <a href="/wiki/Vegetarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian">vegetarian</a> and non-vegetarian dishes. One of the earliest Indian books with chapters on culinary preparations, <a href="/wiki/Manasollasa" title="Manasollasa">Manasollasa</a>, was from Karnataka, written during the reign of Kannada emperor Someshwara |||. The varieties reflect influences from the food habits of many regions and communities from the three neighbouring <a href="/wiki/South_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="South Indian">South Indian</a> states, as well as the state of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> to its north. Soopa Shastra is notable medieval Kannada literally work written in 1508 A.D on the subject of Kannada cuisine.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some typical everyday dishes in Kannadigas homes include <a href="/wiki/Bisi_Bele_Bath" title="Bisi Bele Bath">Bisi Bele Bath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jolada_rotti" title="Jolada rotti">Jolada rotti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ragi_rotti" title="Ragi rotti">Ragi rotti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akki_rotti" title="Akki rotti">Akki rotti</a>, Masale rotti, <a href="/wiki/Rasam_(dish)" title="Rasam (dish)">Saaru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sambar_(dish)" title="Sambar (dish)">Huli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benne_dose" title="Benne dose">Benne dose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ragi_mudde" title="Ragi mudde">Ragi mudde</a>, Chitranna, Chapathi, Poori, Avalakki, Puri Usli, <a href="/wiki/Puliyogare" class="mw-redirect" title="Puliyogare">Puliyogare</a> (tamarind rice) and <a href="/wiki/Upma" title="Upma">Uppittu</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dosa_(food)" title="Dosa (food)">Dosa (food)</a> origin is linked to <a href="/wiki/Udupi_cuisine" title="Udupi cuisine">Udupi cuisine</a>. A recipe for dosa (as dosaka) can be found in Manasollasa.<sup id="cite_ref-atimes_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atimes-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plain and rave <a href="/wiki/Idli" title="Idli">Idli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masala_Dosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Masala Dosa">Masala Dosa</a> or Masale dosey and <a href="/wiki/Maddur_vada" title="Maddur vada">Maddur Vade</a> are very popular in South Karnataka. <a href="/wiki/Neer_dosa" title="Neer dosa">Neer dosa</a> is a delicacy from coastal Karnataka.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Davanagere" title="Davanagere">Davanagere</a> <a href="/wiki/Benne_dose" title="Benne dose">Benne dose</a> is a notable flavourful dosa. Kadubu, a kind of <a href="/wiki/Pundi" title="Pundi">rice dumplings</a>, is a popular and ethnic food in South Malnad regions such as <a href="/wiki/Sakaleshpura" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakaleshpura">Sakaleshpura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mudigere" title="Mudigere">Mudigere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somwarpet" title="Somwarpet">Somwarapete</a>, etc. and is consumed with <span title="Kannada-language romanization"><i lang="kn-Latn">huchellu</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Black_sesame" class="mw-redirect" title="Black sesame">black sesame</a>) chutney. </p><p>Among sweets, <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Pak" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore Pak">Mysore Pak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dharwad_pedha" title="Dharwad pedha">Dharwad pedha</a>, Chiroti, Jalebi, and Belagavi Kunda are well known. Hurnagadab, <a href="/wiki/Karadantu" title="Karadantu">Karadantu</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gokak" title="Gokak">Gokak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hunagunda" title="Hunagunda">Amingarh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obbattu" class="mw-redirect" title="Obbattu">Obbattu</a> (bele hurana holige), Kaayi Kadubu, Kaayi (coconut) Obbattu, Shenga holige, Thambittu (tamta), Karji Kai, Ellu unde, Ginna, Halubai, Rave Unde, Otthu Shavige Kaayi haalu, a variety of Payasa (Shavige payasa, kadle bele payasa, Hesaru bele payasa, Sabakki payasa), Sajjige, and <a href="/wiki/Kesari_bat" title="Kesari bat">Kesari bat</a> are popular sweets. Indis (<a href="/wiki/Chutney" title="Chutney">chutneys</a>) of Karnataka have a very distinct taste and flavour.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Please clarify the preceding statement or statements with a good explanation from a reliable source. (December 2024)">how?</span></a></i>]</sup> Some popular ones include Shenga indi (<a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">groundnut</a>), Agashi indi, Karal indi, Inichi indi, and Mavina indi (mango). Similarly, Karnataka <span title="Kannada-language romanization"><i lang="kn-Latn">uppinakai</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_pickles" title="List of Indian pickles">pickles</a>) too are very distinct from the rest,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Please clarify the preceding statement or statements with a good explanation from a reliable source. (December 2024)">how?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (December 2024)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> like Mavina <span title="Kannada-language romanization"><i lang="kn-Latn">thokku</i></span> (fine mango pickles), <span title="Kannada-language romanization"><i lang="kn-Latn">Nimbekai uppinakai</i></span> (lemon pickles), <span title="Kannada-language romanization"><i lang="kn-Latn">Tenga Mavina uppinakai</i></span> (entire mango pickle), <span title="Kannada-language romanization"><i lang="kn-Latn">gaajri uppinkai</i></span> (carrot pickle), and <span title="Kannada-language romanization"><i lang="kn-Latn">menshinikai uppinakai</i></span> (chili pickle). </p><p>Some non-vegetarian dishes include: Dhonne biriyani, Bamboo biriyani, Mutton pulao, Mangalore fish curry, fish fry, Mangalore mutton and chicken Sukka, Mandya naati style Baaduta, Ragi mudde - Koli saaru, rice with Mutton sambar, Egg curry, Pork curry, chicken sambar, or gravy, and Boti gojju, among others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clothing">Clothing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Clothing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Kannadigas" title="Special:EditPage/Kannadigas">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Codice_Casanatense_Hindu_Marriage_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Codice_Casanatense_Hindu_Marriage_Center.jpg/220px-Codice_Casanatense_Hindu_Marriage_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Codice_Casanatense_Hindu_Marriage_Center.jpg/330px-Codice_Casanatense_Hindu_Marriage_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Codice_Casanatense_Hindu_Marriage_Center.jpg/440px-Codice_Casanatense_Hindu_Marriage_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1820" data-file-height="1319" /></a><figcaption>Kannada wedding ceremony depicted by Codice Casanatense. The inscription reads; "<i>Marriage of Kanarese</i>", circa 1540.</figcaption></figure> <p>The costume of Kannada people varies from place to place. The Kannadiga male costume mainly includes <a href="/wiki/Dhoti" title="Dhoti">panche</a> (some tie as Kachche) or <a href="/wiki/Lungi" title="Lungi">lungi</a> (wrapping style depends on the region), <a href="/wiki/Bagalbandi" title="Bagalbandi">Angi</a> a traditional form of shirt and <a href="/wiki/Mysore_peta" title="Mysore peta">Peta</a> turban worn in Mysuru style or Dharwad style. <a href="/wiki/Uttariya" title="Uttariya">Shalya</a> is a piece of long cloth which is put on shoulder commonly seen in the countryside. Many use <a href="/wiki/Khadi" title="Khadi">Khadi</a> in their clothing until date of which politicians are prominent ones. </p><p>Female costumes include <a href="/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">Seere</a> of which <a href="/wiki/Ilkal_sari" title="Ilkal sari">Ilakal Seere</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mysore#Mysore_silk_saree" title="Culture of Mysore">Mysore silk</a> are famous. Seere has variations of draping depending on regions like Kodagu, North and South Karnataka and <a href="/wiki/Karavali" class="mw-redirect" title="Karavali">Karavali</a>. Young women in some parts of Karnataka traditionally wear the <a href="/wiki/Langa_oni" class="mw-redirect" title="Langa oni">Langa davani</a> before marriage. <a href="/wiki/Kasuti" title="Kasuti">Kasuti</a> is a form of embroidery work which is very popularly sought-after art on dress and costumes. </p><p>An urban male costume comprises trousers, a shirt and sandals, while that of females include <a href="/wiki/Shalwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Shalwar">shalwar</a>. Jeans are popular among the youth, while new age Khadi/silk printed with art or emblem also find place. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Kannada_literature" title="Kannada literature">Kannada literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnataka literature">Karnataka literature</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Modern_Kannada_literature" title="Modern Kannada literature">Modern Kannada literature</a></div> <p>Kannada literature is filled with literary figures and pioneers all through. With an unbroken literary history of over a thousand years,<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the excellence of <a href="/wiki/Kannada_literature" title="Kannada literature">Kannada literature</a> continues into the present day: works of Kannada literature have received eight <a href="/wiki/Jnanpith_Award" title="Jnanpith Award">Jnanpith awards</a><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and fifty-six <a href="/wiki/Sahitya_Akademi" title="Sahitya Akademi">Sahitya Akademi</a> awards. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Adikavi_Pampa" title="Adikavi Pampa">Pampa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranna_(Kannada_poet)" title="Ranna (Kannada poet)">Ranna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Ponna" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Ponna">Ponna</a> are considered as three jewels of Old Kannada (<i>Halegannada</i>). <a href="/wiki/Janna" title="Janna">Janna</a> was another notable poet of this genre.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-metrical_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metrical-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Basavanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Basavanna">Basavanna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akka_Mahadevi" title="Akka Mahadevi">Akka Mahadevi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allama_Prabhu" title="Allama Prabhu">Allama Prabhu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vidyaranya" title="Vidyaranya">Vidyaranya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harihara_(poet)" title="Harihara (poet)">Harihara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raghavanka" title="Raghavanka">Raghavanka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kumara_Vyasa" title="Kumara Vyasa">Kumara Vyasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarvajna" title="Sarvajna">Sarvajna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Dasa" title="Kanaka Dasa">Kanaka Dasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shishunala_Shareefa" class="mw-redirect" title="Shishunala Shareefa">Shishunala Shareefa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raghavendra_Swami" class="mw-redirect" title="Raghavendra Swami">Raghavendra Swami</a> etc. were pioneers of Nadugannada. All these have been involved with social and cultural movements and hence this was the golden era of literature which brought about a renaissance in Kannada literature. This period was amalgamation of literature works which crossed across boundaries under a vast roof encompassed by art and theater fields. The literature works of Kannada in Navodaya is crowned with eight <a href="/wiki/Jnanpith" class="mw-redirect" title="Jnanpith">Jnanpith</a> awards.<sup id="cite_ref-hindujnan_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hindujnan-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the contemporary active institutions of Kannada literature are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Sahitya_Parishat" title="Kannada Sahitya Parishat">Kannada Sahitya Parishat</a></li> <li>Academies operating as its wings include <a href="/wiki/Tulu_language" title="Tulu language">Tulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kodava_language" title="Kodava language">Kodava</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Byari" class="mw-redirect" title="Byari">Byari</a> academy is the latest academy opened in Karnataka.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Noted travellers and linguists who contributed during the pre- and post-imperial eras include Germany's <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Kittel" title="Ferdinand Kittel">Ferdinand Kittel</a>, England's <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hodson" title="Thomas Hodson">Thomas Hodson</a>, Persia's <a href="/wiki/Abd-al-Razz%C4%81q_Samarqand%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd-al-Razzāq Samarqandī">Abd-al-Razzāq Samarqandī</a> and China's <a href="/wiki/Huen-tsang" class="mw-redirect" title="Huen-tsang">Huen-tsang</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kannada_journalism">Kannada journalism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Kannada journalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhashyam-Bhashyachar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Bhashyam-Bhashyachar.jpg/170px-Bhashyam-Bhashyachar.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Bhashyam-Bhashyachar.jpg/255px-Bhashyam-Bhashyachar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Bhashyam-Bhashyachar.jpg/340px-Bhashyam-Bhashyachar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption>Bhashyam Bhashyachar published "Mysuru Vrittanta Bodhini" in 1859.</figcaption></figure><p><i><a href="/wiki/Mangaluru_Samachara" title="Mangaluru Samachara">Mangaluru Samachara</a></i> was the first Kannada news publication as early as 1843 by <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a> <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_M%C3%B6gling" title="Hermann Mögling">Hermann Mögling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-herr_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-herr-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Followed by Bhashyam Bhashyachar who is credited with publishing the first Kannada weekly from Mysore "<i>Mysuru Vrittanta Bodhini</i>" in 1859 under the royal patronage of <a href="/wiki/Krishnaraja_Wadiyar_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishnaraja Wadiyar III">Krishnaraja Wadiyar III</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after Indian independence in 1948, <a href="/wiki/K._N._Guruswamy" title="K. N. Guruswamy">K. N. Guruswamy</a> founded <i>The Printers (Mysore) Private Limited</i> and began publishing two newspapers, Deccan Herald and Prajavani. Presently the Times of India and Vijaya Karnataka are the largest-selling English and Kannada newspapers respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-toi_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toi-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vk_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vk-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/D._V._Gundappa" title="D. V. Gundappa">D. V. Gundappa</a> was notable Kannada journalist, he was awarded third-highest civilian award <a href="/wiki/Padma_Bhushan_Awards_(1970%E2%80%931979)" class="mw-redirect" title="Padma Bhushan Awards (1970–1979)">Padmabhushan</a> in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>List of a few major newspapers: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prajavani" title="Prajavani">Prajavani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samyuktha_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Samyuktha Karnataka">Samyuktha Karnataka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kannadaprabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannadaprabha">Kannadaprabha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Udayavani" title="Udayavani">Udayavani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vijayavani" title="Vijayavani">Vijayavani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hosa_Digantha" title="Hosa Digantha">Hosa Digantha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishwavani_News" title="Vishwavani News">Vishwavani News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Karnataka" title="Vijaya Karnataka">Vijaya Karnataka</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_popular_Kannadigas">Contemporary popular Kannadigas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Contemporary popular Kannadigas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spiritual_leaders">Spiritual leaders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Spiritual leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shivakumara_Swami" title="Shivakumara Swami">Shivakumara Swami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siddaganga_Matha" title="Siddaganga Matha">Siddaganga Matha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tumkur" title="Tumkur">Tumkur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balagangadharanatha_Swamiji" title="Balagangadharanatha Swamiji">Balagangadharanatha Swamiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Adichunchanagiri_Maha_Samsthana_Math" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Adichunchanagiri Maha Samsthana Math">Sri Adichunchanagiri Maha Samsthana Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivamurthy_Shivacharya_Mahaswamiji" title="Shivamurthy Shivacharya Mahaswamiji">Shivamurthy Shivacharya Mahaswamiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taralabalu_Jagadguru_Brihanmath,_Sirigere" title="Taralabalu Jagadguru Brihanmath, Sirigere">Taralabalu Jagadguru Brihanmath, Sirigere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beerendra_Keshava_Tarakananda_Puri" title="Beerendra Keshava Tarakananda Puri">Beerendra Keshava Tarakananda Puri</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gandhian_philosophers">Gandhian philosophers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Gandhian philosophers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kadidal_Manjappa" title="Kadidal Manjappa">Kadidal Manjappa</a> former chief minister of Karnataka</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Narasimhaiah" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Narasimhaiah">H. Narasimhaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollur_Mallappa" title="Kollur Mallappa">Kollur Mallappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_D_Jatti" class="mw-redirect" title="B D Jatti">B D Jatti</a> - former president and vice president of India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailara_Mahadevappa" title="Mailara Mahadevappa">Mailara Mahadevappa</a>- only person from Karnataka to accompany Gandhiji in Dandi salt sathyagraha/march</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudleppa_Hallikeri" title="Gudleppa Hallikeri">Gudleppa Hallikeri</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_science_and_technology">Modern science and technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Modern science and technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N._K._Naik" title="N. K. Naik">N. K. Naik</a> - Professor Emeritus at IIT Bombay.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ramanna" title="Raja Ramanna">Raja Ramanna</a> - Indian nuclear scientist and father of the Indian nuclear bomb.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Murugappa_Channaveerappa_Modi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Murugappa Channaveerappa Modi">Dr. M.C. Modi</a> - Ophthalmologist and humanist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._N._R._Rao" title="C. N. R. Rao">C. N. R. Rao</a> - Notable Solid-state scientist and chairman of Science Advisory Council of GOI. Recently awarded with India's highest civilian award <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ratna" title="Bharat Ratna">Bharat Ratna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._N._Shankara" title="K. N. Shankara">K. N. Shankara</a> - Indian space scientist and master in satellite payload technology.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakuntala_Devi" title="Shakuntala Devi">Shakuntala Devi</a> - Mathematics.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivek_Murthy" title="Vivek Murthy">Vivek Murthy</a> American physician serves as the 19th <a href="/wiki/Surgeon_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Surgeon General">Surgeon General</a> of the United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayan_Hosmane" class="mw-redirect" title="Narayan Hosmane">Narayan Hosmane</a> - Biochemistry and Cancer research.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._K._Shivkumar" class="mw-redirect" title="S. K. Shivkumar">S. K. Shivkumar</a> - Scientist, ISRO telemetry (<a href="/wiki/ISRO" title="ISRO">ISRO</a>), associated with <a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a> lunar probe.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrinivas_Kulkarni" title="Shrinivas Kulkarni">Shrinivas Kulkarni</a> - Professor of astrophysics and planetary science at <a href="/wiki/Caltech" class="mw-redirect" title="Caltech">Caltech</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Shankar_Sastry" class="mw-redirect" title="S. Shankar Sastry">S. Shankar Sastry</a> - Dean of the College of Engineering at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._S._Shashidhara" title="L. S. Shashidhara">L. S. Shashidhara</a> - Developmental biologist, geneticist and a professor and chair of Biology at Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISER).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Visvesvaraya" title="M. Visvesvaraya">M. Visvesvaraya</a> - Indian scholar and engineer, who also served as the Diwan of Mysore</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmentalists">Environmentalists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Environmentalists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karnataka is one of the few states which, while a leading contributor for GDP of the country<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_contribution_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP_contribution-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and home for industries, has preserved its forests and wildlife. The evergreen Sahyadri and Western Ghats are home to protected <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Karnataka" title="Wildlife of Karnataka">Wildlife of Karnataka</a>. The Kannada culture protects and balances Kaadu (forest) and Naadu (state) as can be seen. Although seen scantly still the state enjoys the diversity owing to tribal sects of <a href="/wiki/Soliga_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Soliga tribe">Soliga</a>, Badaga, <a href="/wiki/Jenu_Kuruba" title="Jenu Kuruba">Jenu Kuruba</a>, Hakki Pikki, <a href="/wiki/Lambani" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambani">Lambani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siddis_of_Karnataka" title="Siddis of Karnataka">Siddis</a> and other inhabitants of forests. See <a href="/wiki/Panduranga_Hegde" title="Panduranga Hegde">Appiko Chaluvali</a>. </p><p>Noted environmentalists include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ullas_Karanth" class="mw-redirect" title="Ullas Karanth">Ullas Karanth</a> (tiger research biologists/zoologist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Gowda" title="Tulsi Gowda">Tulsi Gowda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saalumarada_Thimmakka" title="Saalumarada Thimmakka">Saalumarada Thimmakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Heblikar" title="Suresh Heblikar">Suresh Heblikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poornachandra_Tejaswi" title="Poornachandra Tejaswi">Poornachandra Tejaswi</a> (ornithologist / littérateur)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Shyam" title="Snake Shyam">Snake Shyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krupakar-Senani" title="Krupakar-Senani">Krupakar-Senani</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_cricketers">Current cricketers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Current cricketers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KL_Rahul" title="KL Rahul">KL Rahul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasidh_Krishna" title="Prasidh Krishna">Prasidh Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manish_Pandey" title="Manish Pandey">Manish Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayank_Agarwal" title="Mayank Agarwal">Mayank Agarwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhimanyu_Mithun" title="Abhimanyu Mithun">Abhimanyu Mithun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinay_Kumar" title="Vinay Kumar">Vinay Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Binny" title="Stuart Binny">Stuart Binny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sreenath_Aravind" title="Sreenath Aravind">Sreenath Arvind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnappa_Gowtham" title="Krishnappa Gowtham">Krishnappa Gowtham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_Samarth" class="mw-redirect" title="R Samarth">R Samarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shreyas_Gopal" title="Shreyas Gopal">Shreyas Gopal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retired_cricketers">Retired cricketers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Retired cricketers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Kumble" title="Anil Kumble">Anil Kumble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Dravid" title="Rahul Dravid">Rahul Dravid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javagal_Srinath" title="Javagal Srinath">Javagal Srinath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gundappa_Vishwanath" class="mw-redirect" title="Gundappa Vishwanath">Gundappa Vishwanath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Bhardwaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijay Bhardwaj">Vijay Bhardwaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkatesh_Prasad" title="Venkatesh Prasad">Venkatesh Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.S._Chandrashekhar" class="mw-redirect" title="B.S. Chandrashekhar">B.S. Chandrashekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._A._S._Prasanna" title="E. A. S. Prasanna">E. A. S. Prasanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Binny" title="Roger Binny">Roger Binny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunil_Joshi" title="Sunil Joshi">Sunil Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Kirmani" title="Syed Kirmani">Syed Kirmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujith_Somasunder" title="Sujith Somasunder">Sujith Somasunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodda_Ganesh" title="Dodda Ganesh">Dodda Ganesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Johnson_(cricketer,_born_1971)" title="David Johnson (cricketer, born 1971)">David Johnson</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_2">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purana">Purana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Purana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Puranas describe the region as <a href="/wiki/Kishkindha" title="Kishkindha">Kishkindha</a> in the age of the Ramayana. There is also literary evidence that the region of Mysore was called "Mahisha Mandala" after the mythological demon <a href="/wiki/Mahishasura" title="Mahishasura">Mahishasura</a>. <a href="/wiki/Parashurama" title="Parashurama">Parashurama</a> and Hanumantha are some epic characters to be cited relating to this place. Hanumantha (<a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a>) is said to be born in Kishkindha, Karnataka. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Punya_Koti">Punya Koti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Punya Koti"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most popular and acknowledged <a href="/wiki/Jaanapada" title="Jaanapada">Jaanapada</a> songs is "Dharani mandala madhyadolage" which narrates an incidence between mother cow and an aggressive tiger in a place called Karnataka. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vishwa_Maanava">Vishwa Maanava</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Vishwa Maanava"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Kannadigas" title="Special:EditPage/Kannadigas">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Karnataka as now can be viewed as a multicultural state – almost all the religions that can be found in India can be found here and there has been lot immigration as well due to which <a href="/wiki/Multi-ethnic" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-ethnic">multi-ethnic</a> diaspora can be seen. As the kingdoms provided a safe centres for development of all cultures we can see a huge diversities from region to region. Even the language and dialects varies from place to place. The language has evolved distinctly in both the backyard (folk/basic/prakrutha) and frontyard (refined and related to Samskrutha/Sanskrit) of the culture.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It can be said that the major works of Sanskrit have originated and continues to evolve here.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Shringeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Shringeri">Shringeri</a>, Udupi are some of nerve centres. One of the leading examples include a village near <a href="/wiki/Shivamogga" class="mw-redirect" title="Shivamogga">Shivamogga</a> where people speak only Sanskrit until date. Bengaluru being Kannada majority has almost all language speakers of India, and kannadigaru are said to be tolerant and welcoming people. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basava_linga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cc/Basava_linga.jpg/220px-Basava_linga.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cc/Basava_linga.jpg/330px-Basava_linga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cc/Basava_linga.jpg/440px-Basava_linga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="519" /></a><figcaption>Tha <i>aikya</i> linga of Basavanna – the ab-initio of social spiritual reformation and a known vachanakaara, at <a href="/wiki/Kudalasangama" title="Kudalasangama">Kudalasangama</a></figcaption></figure> <p>One of the most acknowledged concept is to be a <i>Vishwa Maanava</i> or universal being. In Kuvempu's ideology this has a renowned explanation "Every Child is born as a Vishwa Maanava or a Universal Human. It is we who make him Alpa Maanava or Little Human by putting various constrictions of borders rituals and castes. It hence becomes responsibility of our culture to again make him a Universal Being unbound and free." The Kannadiga culture is known to provide shelter and self-respect to people by owning them and their culture.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Two colonies for refugees from Tibet are formed, one near <a href="/wiki/Mundgod" title="Mundgod">Mundgod</a> and one near <a href="/wiki/Kushalanagara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kushalanagara">Kushalanagara</a>, protecting them from Chinese atrocities. Karnataka has sheltered flood victims of northeastern India like Assam and provided them jobs. One of the easily seen diversity is the surnames which vary from hugely like some may involve names involving a Hindu and Muslim name or having a Hindu Christian name (more found in Mangaluru) or even a Muslim Christian name.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_sphere">Political sphere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Political sphere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Wadiyar_dynasty" title="Wadiyar dynasty">Wadiyar dynasty</a> era who already had established democracy by naming elected representative called Saamantha in southern regions as early as the 19th century, the 1947 partition brought a centre into being under democracy and Karnataka accepted a <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a> legislature. But this was a functionally a failure as there always has been a tug of war from centre and states to an extent that from the 1990s to 2010 there have always been different political parties operating at centre and state. North Karnataka had other problems of getting independence more from Nizams. So there were two spheres. Lack of will and coordination and constant fights have been hallmark of politics which has prevented a regional party/media from arising in the land. <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> being a neighbour where hugely successful communist ideology in bringing up literacy levels has a backing here and a few <a href="/wiki/Naxalite" class="mw-redirect" title="Naxalite">naxalite</a> outfits function in Karnataka. </p><p>Functional failure of all pillars of democracy even being upper riparian state can be clearly seen in the <a href="/wiki/Kaveri_River_Water_Dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaveri River Water Dispute">Kaveri River Water Dispute</a> issue. The failure extended to bureaucracy and Karnataka reached the position of being fourth most corrupt state of India<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to political and bureaucratic lobby. Because of this, Lokayukta (see <a href="/wiki/N._Venkatachala" title="N. Venkatachala">N. Venkatachala</a>) was formed but could not get the required powers to deal with the powerful. In the field of press and journalism <a href="/wiki/P._Lankesh" title="P. Lankesh">P. Lankesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/S._Gurumurthy" class="mw-redirect" title="S. Gurumurthy">S. Gurumurthy</a><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are some of the noted ones famous for their leftist affiliations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caste_and_Communities">Caste and Communities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Caste and Communities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Just like other Ethnolinguistic groups in India, Kannada speaking people also form a number of distinct communities. The two single biggest communities numerically are the <a href="/wiki/Lingayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingayat">Lingayat</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vokkaliga" title="Vokkaliga">Vokkaliga</a> from North and South Karnataka respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Scheduled Castes make up the largest cohesive group of communities. There are also numerous OBC (other backward communities) including the former <a href="/wiki/Pastoralism" title="Pastoralism">pastoralist</a> community of <a href="/wiki/Kuruba" title="Kuruba">Kuruba</a>, Scheduled Tribes like the <a href="/wiki/Boya_(caste)" title="Boya (caste)">Boya</a>/Valmiki, scheduled castes like Banjara and Adi Karnataka. <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Brahmin" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnataka Brahmin">Kannada Brahmins</a> are divided into several communities.<sup id="cite_ref-Ramaswamy2007_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramaswamy2007-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although historically <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> in Karnataka had dominant presence, Kannada Jains today form a small minority.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Horanadu_Kannadigaru">Horanadu Kannadigaru</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Horanadu Kannadigaru"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Horanadu Kannadigas (or non-resident Kannadigas) are Kannadigas who have migrated to another state or country, people of Kannada origin born outside Karnataka, or people of Kannada origin who reside permanently outside of Karnataka. <a href="/wiki/N_R_Narayana_Murthy" class="mw-redirect" title="N R Narayana Murthy">N R Narayana Murthy</a>, speaking at the 2011 World Kannada Conference, opined that Kannadigas who move out of the state are respected everywhere.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the failure in political arena has reflected in the cultural isolation of emigrants, some of the successful functional bodies include Singara (<a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dehali Kannadiga (<a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>), Mumbai Karnataka Sangha (<a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mallige Kannada Balaga (<a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North America Vishwa Kannada Association (NAVIKA) and <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Kannada_Kootas_of_America" title="Association of Kannada Kootas of America">Association of Kannada Kootas of America</a> (AKKA) in the United States have promoted cultural involvement<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through events such as Kannadotsava. Significant Kannada minorities are found in the Indian states of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kolhapur" title="Kolhapur">Kolhapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solapur" title="Solapur">Solapur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sangli" title="Sangli">Sangli</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-ciil-lisindia.net_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciil-lisindia.net-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hosur" title="Hosur">Tamil Nadu</a> in Nilgiri, <a href="/wiki/Erode" title="Erode">Erode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dharampuri" title="Dharampuri">Dharampuri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hosur" title="Hosur">Hosur</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Madakasira" title="Madakasira">Madakasira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rayadurgam" title="Rayadurgam">Rayadurgam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anantapur" title="Anantapur">Anantapur</a>, Chitoor and <a href="/wiki/Kurnool" title="Kurnool">Kurnool</a>; <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> in <a href="/wiki/Waynad" class="mw-redirect" title="Waynad">Waynad</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-census-tn-kan_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-tn-kan-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in other Indian states.<sup id="cite_ref-ciil-lisindia.net_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciil-lisindia.net-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kannadiga diaspora are found all over the world, in countries like the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, and in the <a href="/wiki/UAE" class="mw-redirect" title="UAE">UAE</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unification_of_Karnataka">Unification of Karnataka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Unification of Karnataka"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Karnataka" title="Unification of Karnataka">Unification of Karnataka</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Karnataka" title="History of Karnataka">History of Karnataka</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_and_Second_World_Wars">First and Second World Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: First and Second World Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After occupying Mysore, British offered 8 acres & a Rs 75 salary for WWII volunteers from Karnataka.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kannadiga regiments were disbanded after World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-telegraphindia.com_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraphindia.com-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Records, as historians still debate about exclusion of revolts from south of Vindhyas against <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From September 1939 until August 1945, recruitment was done at Regimental Centre at Belagavi for the <a href="/wiki/Madras_Regiment" title="Madras Regiment">Madras Regiment</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mahar_Regiment" title="Mahar Regiment">Mahar Regiment</a>, and the Lingayat regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_post-1947_scene">The post-1947 scene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: The post-1947 scene"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the period of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British rule</a>, state of Karnataka as it stands today did not exist. Areas that today comprise Karnataka were under as many as 20 different administrative units with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">princely state of Mysore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad state">Nizam's Hyderabad</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay Presidency</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras Presidency</a> and the territory of <a href="/wiki/Kodagu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodagu">Kodagu</a> being the most important ones. In effect, nearly two-thirds of what is now Karnataka fell outside the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Wodeyar" class="mw-redirect" title="Wodeyar">Wodeyar kings of Mysore</a>. In addition the proposed state had six neighbours — <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> — and all had Kannadigas along the borders overlapping these regions. </p><p>What this meant for the Kannadigas in these regions was that they were reduced to linguistic minorities wherever they were. Kannadigas in the Hubli-Karnataka region for example, came under the rule of the Bombay presidency where <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> was the official language. Those in the Hyderabad-Karnataka region came under the Nizam's rule where <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> ruled, while in Mysore Kingdom, Kannada was the official language. </p><p>It was in this backdrop that the movement that first started as a protest against linguistic oppression, soon morphed into one that began demanding a separate state be created consolidating all Kannada speaking regions. This was essentially a movement that was spearheaded by the poets, journalists and writers and was called the <i>Ekikarana</i> or 'Unification' movement. India gained independence in 1947. The joy of independence soon gave way to disappointment as the new government started dragging its feet on <i>Karnataka Ekikarana</i> movement. Kannada speaking areas now got grouped under five administrative units of the Bombay and Madras provinces, Kodagu, and the princely states of Mysore and Hyderabad. The <i>Akhila Karnataka Ekikarana Parishat</i> met in <a href="/wiki/Kasaragod_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasaragod Town">Kasargod</a> and reiterated the demand for a separate state for Kannadigas. </p><p>The ratification in parliament of the recommendations of the <a href="/wiki/Fazal_Ali_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Fazal Ali Committee">Fazal Ali Committee</a> brought joy to the Kannada speaking population that now was merged under the state of <a href="/wiki/Mysore_State" title="Mysore State">Mysore</a>. </p><p>On 1 November 1973, under <a href="/wiki/Devaraj_Urs" class="mw-redirect" title="Devaraj Urs">Devaraj Urs</a> as chief minister, Mysore state was renamed as Karnataka since it was felt that Karnataka was more 'inclusive' of all the other regions of Karnataka than the name Mysore. </p><p>Kannada unification organisations currently active include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Vidyavardhaka_Sangha" title="Karnataka Vidyavardhaka Sangha">Karnataka Vidyavardhaka Sangha</a></li> <li>Karnataka Ekikarana Samithi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Rakshana_Vedike" title="Karnataka Rakshana Vedike">Karnataka Rakshana Vedike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Chalavali_Vatal_Paksha" title="Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha">Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GBerunda.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/GBerunda.JPG/60px-GBerunda.JPG" decoding="async" width="60" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/GBerunda.JPG/90px-GBerunda.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/GBerunda.JPG/120px-GBerunda.JPG 2x" data-file-width="312" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gandaberunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandaberunda">Karnataka Emblem</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_film_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada film industry">Kannada film industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_literature" title="Kannada literature">Kannada literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_poetry" title="Kannada poetry">Kannada poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnataka literature">Karnataka literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people from Bangalore">List of people from Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Karnataka" title="List of people from Karnataka">List of people from Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_of_North_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people of North Karnataka">List of people of North Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Karnataka" title="North Karnataka">North Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanganakallu" title="Sanganakallu">Sanganakallu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siribhoovalaya" title="Siribhoovalaya">Siribhoovalaya</a> - a unique literary work<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Kannadigas</i> is a term obtained by adding the English suffix <i>-s</i> to <i>Kannadiga</i> to make it plural. <i>Kannadigaru</i> is the plural form in Kannada. <i>Kannadiga</i> is a masculine term; the feminine term is <i>Kannadathi</i>. <i>Kannadigaru</i> is essentially a masculine term as opposed to <i>Kannadatiyaru</i> but is used when the genders of group members are unclear in context.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಕನ್ನಡದವರು</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">कन्नडदवरु</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Sanskrit">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Kannaḍadavaru</i></span>) or <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಕನ್ನಡಜನ</span></span> (Sanskrit: <span lang="sa">कन्नडजना</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">Kannaḍajanāḥ</i></span>)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Census_2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census_2021_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2021Census/Language-2021/Statement-1.pdf">Statement 1 : Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/21/language/kan">Kannadigas</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (21st ed., 2018) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census_2011-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census_2011_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf">Statement 1 : Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2011-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census2011_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS">"Population by religion community – 2011"</a>. <i>Census of India, 2011</i>. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS">the original</a> on 25 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+of+India%2C+2011&rft.atitle=Population+by+religion+community+%E2%80%93+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FC-01%2FDDW00C-01%2520MDDS.XLS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraj_B._KachruS._N._SridharYamuna_Kachru2008" class="citation book cs1">Braj B. Kachru; S. N. Sridhar; Yamuna Kachru, eds. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=89aPZJ3qCD4C&dq=kannadigas+native+kannada+speakers&pg=PA528"><i>Language in South Asia</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 528. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521781411" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521781411"><bdi>978-0521781411</bdi></a>. <q>Initial studies of language maintenance and/or language shift involved speakers of Kannada (referred to as Kannadigas), and expanded the scope of the study to include speakers of Gujarati (referred to as Gujaratis), and Malayalam (referred to as Malayalis). (K. K. Sridhar 1988, 1993, 1997: K. K. Sridhar and S.N. Sridhar 2000).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+in+South+Asia&rft.pages=528&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0521781411&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D89aPZJ3qCD4C%26dq%3Dkannadigas%2Bnative%2Bkannada%2Bspeakers%26pg%3DPA528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN._R._ShettyL._M._PatnaikN._H._PrasadN._Nalini2017" class="citation book cs1">N. R. Shetty; L. M. Patnaik; N. H. Prasad; N. Nalini, eds. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CyY_DwAAQBAJ&dq=kannadigas+native+kannada+speakers&pg=PA294"><i>Emerging Research in Computing, Information, Communication and Applications: ERCICA 2016</i></a>. Springer. p. 294. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9811047411" title="Special:BookSources/978-9811047411"><bdi>978-9811047411</bdi></a>. <q>Kannada is the thirty-third most spoken language in the world. It is spoken by the Kannada people or Kannadigas (Kannaigaru), mainly in the state of Karnataka and by Kannadiga people settled in other states in India and in the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emerging+Research+in+Computing%2C+Information%2C+Communication+and+Applications%3A+ERCICA+2016&rft.pages=294&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-9811047411&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCyY_DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dkannadigas%2Bnative%2Bkannada%2Bspeakers%26pg%3DPA294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbara_A._West2010" class="citation book cs1">Barbara A. West (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pCiNqFj3MQsC&dq=kannadigas+native+kannada+speakers&pg=PA361"><i>Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 361. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1438119137" title="Special:BookSources/978-1438119137"><bdi>978-1438119137</bdi></a>. <q>Kannadigas are native speakers of the Dravidian Kannada language.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Peoples+of+Asia+and+Oceania&rft.pages=361&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1438119137&rft.au=Barbara+A.+West&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpCiNqFj3MQsC%26dq%3Dkannadigas%2Bnative%2Bkannada%2Bspeakers%26pg%3DPA361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclo-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclo_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Kanarese.aspx">"Encyclopedia of World Cultures - Canarese, Kannadiga"</a>. Encyclopedia.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+World+Cultures+-+Canarese%2C+Kannadiga&rft.pub=Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Ftopic%2FKanarese.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-censusindia.gov.in-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-censusindia.gov.in_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-common/censusdataonline.html">"Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India"</a>. <i>censusindia.gov.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=censusindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=Census+of+India+Website+%3A+Office+of+the+Registrar+General+%26+Census+Commissioner%2C+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011-common%2Fcensusdataonline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamath2001" class="citation book cs1">Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001). <i>A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present</i>. Bangalore: Jupiter books. pp. <span class="nowrap">157–</span>160. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/80905179">80905179</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+concise+history+of+Karnataka%3A+from+pre-historic+times+to+the+present&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E157-%3C%2Fspan%3E160&rft.pub=Bangalore%3A+Jupiter+books&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F80905179&rft.aulast=Kamath&rft.aufirst=Suryanath+U.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7N3VAAAAMAAJ"><i>Traditional and Vernacular Architecture: Proceedings of the Seminar, 6-12 January 2001, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka</i></a>. Madras Craft Foundation. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditional+and+Vernacular+Architecture%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Seminar%2C+6-12+January+2001%2C+Tamil+Nadu+and+Karnataka&rft.pub=Madras+Craft+Foundation&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7N3VAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChugh2016" class="citation book cs1">Chugh, Lalit (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AOH0jwEACAAJ"><i>Karnataka's Rich Heritage: Art and Architecture: From Prehistoric Times to the Hoysala Period</i></a>. Notion Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5206-824-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5206-824-1"><bdi>978-93-5206-824-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Karnataka%27s+Rich+Heritage%3A+Art+and+Architecture%3A+From+Prehistoric+Times+to+the+Hoysala+Period&rft.pub=Notion+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-93-5206-824-1&rft.aulast=Chugh&rft.aufirst=Lalit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAOH0jwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tuluva-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tuluva_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tuluva_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tuluva_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tuluva_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tuluva_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tuluva_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tuluva_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Narasimhacharya (1988), p 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gut-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gut_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gut_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cousens (1996), p15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bana-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bana_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mahalingam in Adiga (2006), p 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adiga (2006), p. 134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nol1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nol1_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Their territory included modern Tumkur, Chitradurga, Kolar, Bellary and Bangalore districts. Chopra et al. (2003), part 1, p. 163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vai-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vai_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adiga (2006), p. 142</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vai1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vai1_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">They were an Andhra dynasty who ruled over Kurnool, Cuddappah in the 10th century. There inscriptions are in Telugu and Kannada. Chopra et al. (2003), part 1, p. 163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nad-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nad_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also known as the Kempegowda family, builders of modern Bangalore-Kamath (2001), pp. 240–241</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-han-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-han_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Two coins of the Hangal Kadambas exist, one with the Kannada inscription <i>Saarvadhari</i> and other with <i>Nakara</i>. They are preserved in the Royal Asiatic Society and Indian Historical Research Institute, Mumbai -<a href="/wiki/George_M._Moraes" title="George M. Moraes">Moraes</a> (1931), p 385</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seuna-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-seuna_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kamath (2001), pp. 143-144</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goa-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-goa_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The coins of the Kadambas of Goa are unique in that they have alternate inscription of the king's name in Kannada and Devanagari in triplicate. This shows that the native vernacular of the Goa Kadambas was Kannada. <a href="/wiki/George_M._Moraes" title="George M. Moraes">Moraes</a> (1931), p 384</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mita-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mita_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thapar, Romila (2003), p. 433, <i>The Penguin History of Early India, From Origin to 1300 AD., 2003</i>, Penguin, New Delhi, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-302989-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-302989-4">0-14-302989-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-viceroy10-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-viceroy10_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kamat, Suryanath U., (2001), p.8, <i>A Concise history of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present</i>, Jupiter books, MCC, Bangalore, 2001 (Reprinted 2002), OCLC: 7796041</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bose, Manilal (1998), p.28, <i>Social and Cultural History of Ancient India</i>, Concept Publishing Company, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7022-598-1" title="Special:BookSources/81-7022-598-1">81-7022-598-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-deva-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-deva_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Makhan Jha, (1997), pp52-53, <i>Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective</i>, M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7533-034-1" title="Special:BookSources/81-7533-034-1">81-7533-034-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-establish-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-establish_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S.R. Bakshi, S. Gajrani, Hari Singh (2005), p.254, <i>Early Aryans to Swaraj</i>, Sarup & Sons, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7625-537-8" title="Special:BookSources/81-7625-537-8">81-7625-537-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sengupta-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sengupta_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sengupta, Nitish K (2011), p50, <i>Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib</i>, Penguin Books, Chapter:<i>The Sen Dynasty</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780143416784" title="Special:BookSources/9780143416784">9780143416784</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bhim-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bhim_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Desai, Pandurang Bhimarao (1970), p.213, <i>A History of Karnataka: From Pre-history to Unification</i>, Kannada Research Institute, Karnatak University, OCLC:203297</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-drama-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-drama_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mishra, Jayakanta in Ayyappa Paniker (1997), p.280, p.289, <i>Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections</i>, Sahitya Akademi, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-260-0365-0" title="Special:BookSources/81-260-0365-0">81-260-0365-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pollock-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pollock_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollock, Sheldon (2006), p.417, note.79, <i>The Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture, and Power in Premodern India</i>, University of California Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520260030" title="Special:BookSources/9780520260030">9780520260030</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cha_guj-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cha_guj_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cha_guj_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Altekar in Kamath (2001), p. 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-berar1-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-berar1_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Altekar 1934, pp. 21–22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-viceroy-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-viceroy_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keay (2000), p 170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vice1-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vice1_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Eastern Chalukyas were originally of Kannada stock who later encouraged Telugu <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDr._K.S.S._Seshan,_University_of_Hyderabad" class="citation web cs1">Dr. K.S.S. Seshan, University of Hyderabad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061206081329/http://www.aponline.gov.in/Quick%20links/HIST-CULT/history_ancient.html#ChalukyasPart">"APOnline-History of Andhra Pradesh-ancient period-Eastern Chalukyas"</a>. <i>Revenue Department (Gazetteers), Government of Andhra Pradesh</i>. Tata Consultancy Services. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/history_ancient.html">the original</a> on 6 December 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Revenue+Department+%28Gazetteers%29%2C+Government+of+Andhra+Pradesh&rft.atitle=APOnline-History+of+Andhra+Pradesh-ancient+period-Eastern+Chalukyas&rft.au=Dr.+K.S.S.+Seshan%2C+University+of+Hyderabad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aponline.gov.in%2Fquick%2520links%2Fhist-cult%2Fhistory_ancient.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dev-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dev_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shrinivas Ritti and A.V. Narasimha Murthy in Kamath 2001, p. 137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dev1-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dev1_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seuna coins carry Kannada legends from the beginning of their rule (O.P. Varma in Kamath 2001, p. 137)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dev3-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dev3_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasica1991" class="citation book cs1">Masica, Colin P. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Itp2twGR6tsC&q=yadavas+kannada&pg=RA1-PA45">"Subsequent Spread of Indo-Aryan"</a>. <i>The Indo-Aryan Languages</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-29944-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-29944-6"><bdi>0-521-29944-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Subsequent+Spread+of+Indo-Aryan&rft.btitle=The+Indo-Aryan+Languages&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-521-29944-6&rft.aulast=Masica&rft.aufirst=Colin+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DItp2twGR6tsC%26q%3Dyadavas%2Bkannada%26pg%3DRA1-PA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dev4-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dev4_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Majority of the Seuna inscriptions are in Kannada and during the formation of the kingdom, the Nasik-Ahamadnagar region (Seuna Desa) was a Kannada territory (Kamath 2001, p. 137)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-berar-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-berar_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A Kannada dynasty may have been created in Berar under the rule of Badami Chalukyas, (Altekar 1934, pp. 21–22)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sign-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sign_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Gujarat Rashtrakutas signed even their Sanskrit records in Kannada because that was the language of the place of their origin (D.R. Bhandarkar in Kamath 2001, p 73)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sign1-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sign1_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Gujarat Rashtrakutas would not have signed their inscriptions in Kannada language in far away Gujarat unless they were Kannadigas (Altekar 1934, pp 21–22)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sinha-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sinha_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B.P. Sinha in George E. Somers, Dynastic History of Magadha, p. 214, Abhinav Publications, 1977, New Delhi, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7017-059-1" title="Special:BookSources/81-7017-059-1">81-7017-059-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bengal-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bengal_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sen (1999), p282</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chandra-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chandra_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Majumdar, R. C. (1977), Ancient India, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, p. 320, New Delhi, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-208-0436-8" title="Special:BookSources/81-208-0436-8">81-208-0436-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unesco-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_47-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_47-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_47-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/241">"Group of Monuments at Hampi/Hampei"</a>. World Heritage<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Group+of+Monuments+at+Hampi%2FHampei&rft.pub=World+Heritage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2256323.cms">"And India's 7 wonders"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 5 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=And+India%27s+7+wonders&rft.date=2007-08-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Farticleshow%2F2256323.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071122125907/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2201/stories/20050114000106500.htm">The Chalukyan magnificence</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201091718/http://temples.south-india-tour-package.com/karnataka-temples/badami-cave-temple.html">"Badami Cave Temple"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://temples.south-india-tour-package.com/karnataka-temples/badami-cave-temple.html">the original</a> on 1 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Edition+of+The+Deccan+Herald%2C+dated+2004-01-17&rft.atitle=A+spring+in+their+step&rft.au=Kavita+Mandana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.deccanherald.com%2FDeccanherald%2Fjan172004%2Fmetro1.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bengaluruhabba.co.in/2011/about.html">"About Bengaluru Habba"</a>. Bengaluruhabba.co.in. 22 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Karnataka+Tourism&rft.atitle=Bharatanatyam+-+classical+Dance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkarnatakatourism.org%2Fdestinations%2Fbharatanatyam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNijenhuis1992" class="citation book cs1">Nijenhuis, Emmie Te (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kGzESuCeK-sC"><i>Saṅgītaśiromaṇi: A Medieval Handbook of Indian Music</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09498-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09498-7"><bdi>978-90-04-09498-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sa%E1%B9%85g%C4%ABta%C5%9Biroma%E1%B9%87i%3A+A+Medieval+Handbook+of+Indian+Music&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09498-7&rft.aulast=Nijenhuis&rft.aufirst=Emmie+Te&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkGzESuCeK-sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://storyofkannada.blogspot.com/2008/12/dances-of-karnataka.html">"Story of Kannadiga, kannada and Karnataka: Folk Dances of Karnataka"</a>. <i>Story of Kannadiga, kannada and Karnataka</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Story+of+Kannadiga%2C+kannada+and+Karnataka&rft.atitle=Story+of+Kannadiga%2C+kannada+and+Karnataka%3A+Folk+Dances+of+Karnataka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstoryofkannada.blogspot.com%2F2008%2F12%2Fdances-of-karnataka.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wrest-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wrest_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Details regarding Dasara Wrestling competition held in <a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a> is provided by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShankar_Bennur" class="citation web cs1">Shankar Bennur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140514024642/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/Sep302005/district1752292005929.asp">"Dasara wrestling to offer 'thunder' bouts"</a>. <i>Online Edition of The Deccan Herald, dated 2005-09-30</i>. 2005, The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/Sep302005/district1752292005929.asp">the original</a> on 14 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Edition+of+The+Deccan+Herald%2C+dated+2005-09-30&rft.atitle=Dasara+wrestling+to+offer+%27thunder%27+bouts&rft.au=Shankar+Bennur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.deccanherald.com%2FDeccanherald%2FSep302005%2Fdistrict1752292005929.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Culinary Traditions of Medieval Karnataka: The Soopa Shastra of Mangarasa III, p.9-22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atimes-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-atimes_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaja_M2004" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit">Raja M (24 June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040202122118/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/FA24Df05.html">"India's new offering to curry Western flavor"</a>. <i>Asia Times</i>. Archived from the original on 2 February 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2010</span>. <q>The dosa, like most other south Indian culinary exports, is often linked to Udupi, a small temple town in the state of Karnataka</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asia+Times&rft.atitle=India%27s+new+offering+to+curry+Western+flavor&rft.date=2004-06-24&rft.au=Raja+M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Fatimes%2FSouth_Asia%2FFA24Df05.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNair2004" class="citation book cs1">Nair, P. Thankappan (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=swNuAAAAMAAJ"><i>South Indians in Kolkata: History of Kannadigas, Konkanis, Malayalees, Tamilians, Telugus, South Indian Dishes, and Tippoo Sultan's Heirs in Calcutta</i></a>. Punthi Pustak. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-86791-50-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-86791-50-9"><bdi>978-81-86791-50-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Indians+in+Kolkata%3A+History+of+Kannadigas%2C+Konkanis%2C+Malayalees%2C+Tamilians%2C+Telugus%2C+South+Indian+Dishes%2C+and+Tippoo+Sultan%27s+Heirs+in+Calcutta&rft.pub=Punthi+Pustak&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-86791-50-9&rft.aulast=Nair&rft.aufirst=P.+Thankappan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DswNuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040202122118/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/FA24Df05.html">"Asia Times Online - The best news coverage from South Asia"</a>. 2 February 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/FA24Df05.html">the original</a> on 2 February 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asia+Times+Online+-+The+best+news+coverage+from+South+Asia&rft.date=2004-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fatimes.com%2Fatimes%2FSouth_Asia%2FFA24Df05.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deccanherald.com/content/195008/living-bard.html">"The living bard"</a>. <i>Deccan Herald</i>. October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=The+living+bard&rft.date=2011-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fcontent%2F195008%2Fliving-bard.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrasad2011" class="citation web cs1">Prasad (19 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120716162138/http://thatskannada.oneindia.in/news/2011/09/19/jnanapeetha-award-to-chandrashekhar-kambar-aid0038.html">"ಡಾ. ಚಂದ್ರಶೇಖರ ಕಂಬಾರರಿಗೆ ಜ್ಞಾನಪೀಠ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ"</a>. Thatskannada.oneindia.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thatskannada.oneindia.in/news/2011/09/19/jnanapeetha-award-to-chandrashekhar-kambar-aid0038.html">the original</a> on 16 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BE.+%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%B0+%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%86+%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9E%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A0+%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF&rft.pub=Thatskannada.oneindia.in&rft.date=2011-09-19&rft.au=Prasad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthatskannada.oneindia.in%2Fnews%2F2011%2F09%2F19%2Fjnanapeetha-award-to-chandrashekhar-kambar-aid0038.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Ramanujan, A. K. (1973), <i>Speaking of Śiva</i> Harmondsworth: Penguin, p. 11, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-044270-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-044270-7">0-14-044270-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-metrical-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-metrical_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> R.S. Mugali (2006), <i>The Heritage of Karnataka</i>, pp. 173–175 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4067-0232-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-4067-0232-3">1-4067-0232-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hindujnan-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hindujnan_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/arts/books/article2468374.ece">Jnanpith for Kambar</a>, TheHindu.com; accessed 16 January 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001062657/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/25/stories/2007082552750400.htm">"Government establishes Beary Academy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. Chennai, India. 25 August 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/25/stories/2007082552750400.htm">the original</a> on 1 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Government+establishes+Beary+Academy&rft.date=2007-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2007%2F08%2F25%2Fstories%2F2007082552750400.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-herr-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-herr_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hermann Mögling's contribution to the Kannada literature is mentioned by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShrinivas_Havanur" class="citation web cs1">Shrinivas Havanur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140514013021/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/jan172004/metro1.asp">"Herr Kannada"</a>. <i>Online Edition of The Deccan Herald 2004-01-18</i>. 1999 The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/jan172004/metro1.asp">the original</a> on 14 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Edition+of+The+Deccan+Herald+2004-01-18&rft.atitle=Herr+Kannada&rft.au=Shrinivas+Havanur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.deccanherald.com%2FDeccanherald%2Fjan172004%2Fmetro1.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bellary Shamanna Kesavan (1988) - History of Printing and Publishing in India: Volume 2, p.48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-toi-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toi_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShuma_Raha2006" class="citation web cs1">Shuma Raha (19 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930045753/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1061119/asp/look/story_7016875.asp">"Battleground Bangalore"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1061119/asp/look/story_7016875.asp">the original</a> on 30 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Battleground+Bangalore&rft.date=2006-11-19&rft.au=Shuma+Raha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1061119%2Fasp%2Flook%2Fstory_7016875.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vk-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vk_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1651347.cms">"Times Group acquires Vijayanand Printers"</a>. <i>Online Edition of The Times of India dated 2006-06-15</i>. Times Internet Limited<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Online+Edition+of+The+Times+of+India+dated+2006-06-15&rft.atitle=Times+Group+acquires+Vijayanand+Printers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Farticleshow%2F1651347.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140809021509/http://archive.india.gov.in/myindia/padmabhushan_awards_list1.php?start=690">"Padma Bhushan Awardees"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.india.gov.in/myindia/padmabhushan_awards_list1.php?start=690">the original</a> on 9 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Padma+Bhushan+Awardees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.india.gov.in%2Fmyindia%2Fpadmabhushan_awards_list1.php%3Fstart%3D690&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDP_contribution-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GDP_contribution_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314071605/http://www.kar.nic.in/finance/bud2007/bsp07.htm">"GDP contribution"</a>. Kar.nic.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kar.nic.in/finance/bud2007/bsp07.htm">the original</a> on 14 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GDP+contribution&rft.pub=Kar.nic.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kar.nic.in%2Ffinance%2Fbud2007%2Fbsp07.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170717010023/http://ksdl.karnataka.gov.in/cultivation-of-sandal-wood/">"CULTIVATION OF SANDALWOOD – Karnataka Soaps & Detergents Limited"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ksdl.karnataka.gov.in/cultivation-of-sandal-wood/">the original</a> on 17 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CULTIVATION+OF+SANDALWOOD+%E2%80%93+Karnataka+Soaps+%26+Detergents+Limited&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fksdl.karnataka.gov.in%2Fcultivation-of-sandal-wood%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/may/29kgovt1.htm">"Bureaucratic Corruption"</a>. <i>Rediff.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rediff.com&rft.atitle=Bureaucratic+Corruption&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2F2008%2Fmay%2F29kgovt1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gurumurthy.net/index.php?value=interview"><i>S Gurumurthy of The New Indian Express</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071008084526/http://gurumurthy.net/index.php?value=interview">Archived</a> 8 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBharadwaj2022" class="citation news cs1">Bharadwaj, K. V. Aditya (8 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/in-karnataka-five-communities-with-4-population-will-fall-under-ews-quota/article66111568.ece">"In Karnataka, five communities with 4% population will fall under EWS quota"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=In+Karnataka%2C+five+communities+with+4%25+population+will+fall+under+EWS+quota&rft.date=2022-11-08&rft.aulast=Bharadwaj&rft.aufirst=K.+V.+Aditya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fkarnataka%2Fin-karnataka-five-communities-with-4-population-will-fall-under-ews-quota%2Farticle66111568.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramaswamy2007-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ramaswamy2007_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarish_Ramaswamy2007" class="citation book cs1">Harish Ramaswamy (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UM3LjKo8Uo8C&pg=PA397"><i>Karnataka Government and Politics</i></a>. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NRI+Forum+Karnataka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nriforumkarnataka.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dallas.navika.org/">"Navika"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navika&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdallas.navika.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KKK+Club+Membership+%26%23124%3B+Kuwait+Kannada+Koota&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kuwaitkannadakoota.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/BsmVIxXCQAAmPBJ.jpg">https://pbs.twimg.com/media/BsmVIxXCQAAmPBJ.jpg</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this image file is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL image file</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaghu_Karnad2014" class="citation web cs1">Raghu Karnad [@rkarnad] (15 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/rkarnad/status/489086016876064768">"#Kannadigas in #WW2! Joining up for the swag (8 acres & a Rs 75 salary). A full Lingayat battalion was raised in '41"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%23Kannadigas+in+%23WW2%21+Joining+up+for+the+swag+%288+acres+%26+a+Rs+75+salary%29.+A+full+Lingayat+battalion+was+raised+in+%2741.&rft.date=2014-07-15&rft.au=Raghu+Karnad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Frkarnad%2Fstatus%2F489086016876064768&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraphindia.com-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-telegraphindia.com_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130607003529/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130507/jsp/opinion/story_16864561.jsp">"There is a Lot in a Name"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraphindia.com/1130507/jsp/opinion/story_16864561.jsp">the original</a> on 7 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=There+is+a+Lot+in+a+Name&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1130507%2Fjsp%2Fopinion%2Fstory_16864561.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/210717/historians-pick-vizag-revolt-as-first-war-of-independence.html">"Historians pick Vizag revolt as first war of Independence"</a>. <i>Deccan Chronicle</i>. 20 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Historians+pick+Vizag+revolt+as+first+war+of+Independence&rft.date=2017-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanchronicle.com%2Fnation%2Fcurrent-affairs%2F210717%2Fhistorians-pick-vizag-revolt-as-first-war-of-independence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lingayatreligion.com/Lingayat_Battalion.htm">"Lingayat Battalion"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lingayat+Battalion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flingayatreligion.com%2FLingayat_Battalion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928065457/http://www.pustakshakti.com/pr01.htm">"Pustak Shakti Press Release 1"</a>. <i>www.pustakshakti.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pustakshakti.com/pr01.htm">the original</a> on 28 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pustakshakti.com&rft.atitle=Pustak+Shakti+Press+Release+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pustakshakti.com%2Fpr01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>John Keay, History of India, 2000, Grove publications, New York, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8021-3797-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8021-3797-0">0-8021-3797-0</a></li> <li>Suryanath U. Kamat, A Concise history of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present, Jupiter books, MCC, Bangalore, 2001 (Reprinted 2002) OCLC: 7796041</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romila_Thapar" title="Romila Thapar">Dr. Romila Thapar</a>, The Penguin History of Early India, From Origin to 1300 AD., 2003, Penguin, New Delhi, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-302989-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-302989-4">0-14-302989-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anant_Sadashiv_Altekar" title="Anant Sadashiv Altekar">Altekar, Anant Sadashiv</a> (1934), The Rashtrakutas And Their Times; being a political, administrative, religious, social, economic and literary history of the Deccan during c. 750 AD to c. 1000 AD, Oriental Book Agency, Poona, OCLC 3793499</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K.A._Nilakanta_Sastri" class="mw-redirect" title="K.A. Nilakanta Sastri">K.A. Nilakanta Sastri</a>, History of South India, From Prehistoric times to fall of Vijayanagar, 1955, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-560686-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-560686-8">0-19-560686-8</a></li> <li>R. Narasimhacharya, History of Kannada Literature, 1988, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, Madras, 1988 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-206-0303-6" title="Special:BookSources/81-206-0303-6">81-206-0303-6</a>.</li> <li>Malini Adiga (2006), The Making of Southern Karnataka: Society, Polity and Culture in the early medieval period, AD 400–1030, Orient Longman, Chennai, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-250-2912-5" title="Special:BookSources/81-250-2912-5">81-250-2912-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Moraes" title="George M. Moraes">George M. Moraes</a> (1931), The Kadamba Kula, A History of Ancient and Medieval Karnataka, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, Madras, 1990 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-206-0595-0" title="Special:BookSources/81-206-0595-0">81-206-0595-0</a></li> <li>Rice, B.L. [1897] (2001). Mysore Gazetteer Compiled for Government-vol 1. New Delhi, Madras: Asian Educational Services. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-206-0977-8" title="Special:BookSources/81-206-0977-8">81-206-0977-8</a>.</li> <li>Chopra P.N., Ravindran T.K., Subrahmanian N. (2003), History of South India (Ancient, Medieval and Modern), Chand publications, New Delhi <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-219-0153-7" title="Special:BookSources/81-219-0153-7">81-219-0153-7</a></li> <li>Cousens, Henry, (1926), The Chalukyan Architecture of Kanarese Districts, Archaeological Survey of India, New Delhi, OCLC 37526233</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSen1999" class="citation book cs1">Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999) [1999]. <i>Ancient Indian History and Civilization</i>. New Age Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-224-1198-3" title="Special:BookSources/81-224-1198-3"><bdi>81-224-1198-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Indian+History+and+Civilization&rft.pub=New+Age+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=81-224-1198-3&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=Sailendra+Nath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKannadigas" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadigas&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:People_of_Karnataka" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:People of Karnataka">People of Karnataka</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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aria-labelledby="25px&#124;Seal_of_Karnataka_State_of_Karnataka806" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Karnataka_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Karnataka topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="25px&#124;Seal_of_Karnataka_State_of_Karnataka806" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Karnataka,_India.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of Karnataka"><img alt="Seal of Karnataka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png/25px-Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png/38px-Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png/50px-Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="454" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Karnataka_state_symbols" title="List of Karnataka state symbols">State symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_emblems" title="List of Indian state emblems">Emblem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Karnataka" title="Emblem of Karnataka">Emblem of Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_songs" title="List of Indian state songs">Song</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jaya_Bharata_Jananiya_Tanujate" title="Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate">Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Animal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Asian_elephant" title="Asian elephant">Asian elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indian_roller" title="Indian roller">Indian roller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera" title="Nelumbo nucifera">Lotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a>: <a href="/wiki/Santalum_album" title="Santalum album">Sandalwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">Fruit</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mangifera_indica" title="Mangifera indica">Mango</a></li> <li>Fish: <a href="/wiki/Hypselobarbus_carnaticus" title="Hypselobarbus carnaticus">Carnatic carp</a></li> <li>Insect: <a href="/wiki/Troides_minos" title="Troides minos">Southern birdwing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Karnataka" title="Category:Karnataka">Overviews</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Karnataka" title="Architecture of Karnataka">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_cinema" title="Kannada cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka#Climate" title="Karnataka">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cuisine" title="Karnataka cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Karnataka" title="Demographics of Karnataka">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Karnataka" title="Economy of Karnataka">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Karnataka" title="Education in Karnataka">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_arts_of_Karnataka" title="Folk arts of Karnataka">Folk arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Karnataka" title="Geography of Karnataka">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Karnataka" title="History of Karnataka">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Karnataka" title="Media in Karnataka">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Karnataka" title="Sports in Karnataka">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Karnataka" title="Transport in Karnataka">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Karnataka" title="Wildlife of Karnataka">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Karnataka" title="Category:History of Karnataka">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aihole" title="Aihole">Aihole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alupa_dynasty" title="Alupa dynasty">Alupa dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoghavarsha" title="Amoghavarsha">Amoghavarsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badami" title="Badami">Badami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banavasi" title="Banavasi">Banavasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balligavi" title="Balligavi">Balligavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belur,_Karnataka" title="Belur, Karnataka">Belur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukya dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayakas_of_Chitradurga" title="Nayakas of Chitradurga">Chitradurga Nayakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_Raya_II" title="Deva Raya II">Deva Raya II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvinita" title="Durvinita">Durvinita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halebidu" title="Halebidu">Halebidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Coorg" title="Kingdom of Coorg">Kingdom of Coorg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halmidi" title="Halmidi">Halmidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampi" title="Hampi">Hampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysala Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_dynasty" title="Kadamba dynasty">Kadamba dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Empire" title="Western Chalukya Empire">Kalyani Chalukyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayakas_of_Keladi" title="Nayakas of Keladi">Keladi Nayakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivappa_Nayaka" title="Shivappa Nayaka">Shivappa Nayaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittur_Chennamma" title="Kittur Chennamma">Kittur Chennamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayurasharma" title="Mayurasharma">Mayurasharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattadakal" title="Pattadakal">Pattadakal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulakeshin_II" title="Pulakeshin II">Pulakeshin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_Empire" title="Rashtrakuta Empire">Rashtrakuta Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sringeri" title="Sringeri">Sringeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srirangapatna" title="Srirangapatna">Srirangapatna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Karnataka" title="Unification of Karnataka">Unification of Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara" title="Vijayanagara">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnuvardhana" title="Vishnuvardhana">Vishnuvardhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veera_Ballala_II" title="Veera Ballala II">Veera Ballala II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya_II" title="Vikramaditya II">Vikramaditya II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya_VI" title="Vikramaditya VI">Vikramaditya VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_dynasty" title="Western Ganga dynasty">Western Ganga dynasty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Karnataka" title="List of districts of Karnataka">Districts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Karnataka" title="Administrative divisions of Karnataka">divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_division" title="Bangalore division">Bangalore division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Urban_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Urban district">Bangalore Urban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Rural_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Rural district">Bangalore Rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitradurga_district" title="Chitradurga district">Chitradurga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davanagere_district" title="Davanagere district">Davanagere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolar_district" title="Kolar district">Kolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimoga_district" title="Shimoga district">Shimoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumakuru_district" title="Tumakuru district">Tumakuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanagara_district" title="Ramanagara district">Ramanagara </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikkaballapura_district" title="Chikkaballapura district">Chikkaballapura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Belagavi_division" title="Belagavi division">Belagavi division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagalkot_district" title="Bagalkot district">Bagalkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belagavi_district" title="Belagavi district">Belagavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijapur_district,_Karnataka" title="Bijapur district, Karnataka">Bijapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharwad_district" title="Dharwad district">Dharwad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haveri_district" title="Haveri district">Haveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadag_district" title="Gadag district">Gadag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttara_Kannada" title="Uttara Kannada">Uttara Kannada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi_division" title="Kalaburagi division">Kalaburagi division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballari_district" title="Ballari district">Ballari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidar_district" title="Bidar district">Bidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi_district" title="Kalaburagi district">Kalaburagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koppal_district" title="Koppal district">Koppal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raichur_district" title="Raichur district">Raichur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_district" title="Vijayanagara district">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yadgir_district" title="Yadgir district">Yadgir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Mysore_division" title="Mysore division">Mysore division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamarajanagar_district" title="Chamarajanagar district">Chamarajanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikmagalur_district" title="Chikmagalur district">Chikmagalur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada" title="Dakshina Kannada">Dakshina Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_district" title="Hassan district">Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodagu_district" title="Kodagu district">Kodagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandya_district" title="Mandya district">Mandya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_district" title="Mysore district">Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi_district" title="Udupi district">Udupi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Karnataka" title="Geography of Karnataka">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_and_towns_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Cities and towns in Karnataka">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Karnataka" title="List of districts of Karnataka">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Rivers of Karnataka">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dams_and_reservoirs_in_Karnataka" title="List of dams and reservoirs in Karnataka">Dams and reservoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_taluks_of_Karnataka" title="List of taluks of Karnataka">Taluks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Villages in Karnataka">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullayyana_Giri" title="Mullayyana Giri">Highest point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayalu_Seeme" title="Bayalu Seeme">Bayalu Seeme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malenadu" title="Malenadu">Malenadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanara" title="Kanara">Kanara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Culture of Karnataka">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buta_Kola" title="Buta Kola">Buta Kola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidriware" title="Bidriware">Bidriware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channapatna_toys" title="Channapatna toys">Channapatna toys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Chitrakala_Parishath" title="Karnataka Chitrakala Parishath">Chitrakala Parishat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaarudi_Gombe" title="Gaarudi Gombe">Gaarudi Gombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkal_sari" title="Ilkal sari">Ilkal sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamsale" title="Kamsale">Kamsale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Karnatik music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasuti" title="Kasuti">Kasuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khedda" title="Khedda">Khedda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Dasara" title="Mysore Dasara">Mysore Dasara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togalu_gombeyaata" title="Togalu gombeyaata">Togalu gombeyaata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi_cuisine" title="Udupi cuisine">Udupi cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeragase" title="Veeragase">Veeragase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicians_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Musicians of the Kingdom of Mysore">Mysore musicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Literature_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Literature of Karnataka">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_literature" title="Kannada literature">Kannada</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_milestones_in_Kannada_literature" title="List of milestones in Kannada literature">Milestones</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_epics_in_the_Kannada_language" title="List of epics in the Kannada language">Epics</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Kannada_literature" title="Medieval Kannada literature">Medieval</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_literature" title="Rashtrakuta literature">Rashtrakuta</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_literature" title="Western Ganga literature">Western Ganga</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_literature_in_Kannada" title="Western Chalukya literature in Kannada">Western Chalukya</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_literature" title="Hoysala literature">Hoysala</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_literature_in_Kannada" title="Vijayanagara literature in Kannada">Vijayanagara</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Vachana_sahitya" title="Vachana sahitya">Vachana</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasa</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mysore_literature_in_Kannada" title="Mysore literature in Kannada">Mysore</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yakshagana_plays_in_the_Kannada_language" title="List of Yakshagana plays in the Kannada language">Play</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Kannada_literature" title="Modern Kannada literature">Modern</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Sahitya_Parishat" title="Kannada Sahitya Parishat">Kannada Sahitya Parishat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Sahitya_Sammelana" title="Kannada Sahitya Sammelana">Kannada Sahitya Sammelana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Karnataka_literature" title="List of Karnataka literature">Karnataka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Kannada_poets" title="Category:Kannada poets">Noted poets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asaga" title="Asaga">Asaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunavarma_I" title="Gunavarma I">Gunavarma I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adikavi_Pampa" title="Adikavi Pampa">Adikavi Pampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponna_(poet)" title="Ponna (poet)">Sri Ponna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranna_(Kannada_poet)" title="Ranna (Kannada poet)">Ranna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devar_Dasimayya" title="Devar Dasimayya">Devar Dasimayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akka_Mahadevi" title="Akka Mahadevi">Akka Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allama_Prabhu" title="Allama Prabhu">Allama Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddheshwar" title="Siddheshwar">Siddharama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harihara_(poet)" title="Harihara (poet)">Harihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavanka" title="Raghavanka">Raghavanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudrabhatta" title="Rudrabhatta">Rudrabhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janna" title="Janna">Janna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumara_Vyasa" title="Kumara Vyasa">Kumara Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamarasa" title="Chamarasa">Chamarasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijaguna_Shivayogi" title="Nijaguna Shivayogi">Nijaguna Shivayogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnakaravarni" title="Ratnakaravarni">Ratnakaravarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Dasa" title="Kanaka Dasa">Kanaka Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Dasa" title="Vijaya Dasa">Vijaya Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopala_Dasa" title="Gopala Dasa">Gopala Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannatha_Dasa_(Kannada_poet)" title="Jagannatha Dasa (Kannada poet)">Jagannatha Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmisa" title="Lakshmisa">Lakshmisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvajna" title="Sarvajna">Sarvajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishunala_Sharif" title="Shishunala Sharif">Shishunala Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaraja_Wadiyar_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishnaraja Wadiyar III">Krishnaraja Wadiyar III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._R._Bendre" title="D. R. Bendre">D. R. Bendre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalakrishna_Adiga" title="Gopalakrishna Adiga">Gopalakrishna Adiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Seetharamaiah" title="V. Seetharamaiah">V. Seetharamaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._S._Narasimhaswamy" title="K. S. Narasimhaswamy">K. S. Narasimhaswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Govinda_Pai" title="M. Govinda Pai">M. Govinda Pai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuvempu" title="Kuvempu">Kuvempu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._V._Gundappa" title="D. V. Gundappa">D. V. Gundappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._S._Shivarudrappa" title="G. S. Shivarudrappa">G. S. Shivarudrappa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Karnataka" title="Category:People from Karnataka">People</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Karnataka_society" title="Category:Karnataka society">society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnataka ethnic groups">Karnataka ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Karnataka" title="List of people from Karnataka">List of people from Karnataka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Karnataka" title="Tourism in Karnataka">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Karnataka" title="List of beaches in Karnataka">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dams_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Dams in Karnataka">Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forts_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Forts in Karnataka">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_parks_in_Karnataka" title="Category:National parks in Karnataka">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_temples_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Hindu temples in Karnataka">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jain_temples_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Jain temples in Karnataka">Jain temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waterfalls_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Waterfalls of Karnataka">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Civil_awards_and_decorations_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Civil awards and decorations of Karnataka">Awards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Ratna" title="Karnataka Ratna">Karnataka Ratna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampa_Award" title="Pampa Award">Pampa Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nrupatunga_Award" title="Nrupatunga Award">Nrupatunga Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava_Puraskara" title="Basava Puraskara">Basava Puraskara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajyotsava_Prashasti" title="Rajyotsava Prashasti">Rajyotsava Prashasti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakanachari_Award" title="Jakanachari Award">Jakanachari Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varnashilpi_Venkatappa_Award" title="Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award">Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempegowda_Award" title="Kempegowda Award">Kempegowda Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Karnataka" title="Media in 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