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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Form of placer mining</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_panning_at_Bonanza_Creek.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Gold_panning_at_Bonanza_Creek.JPG/220px-Gold_panning_at_Bonanza_Creek.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Gold_panning_at_Bonanza_Creek.JPG/330px-Gold_panning_at_Bonanza_Creek.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Gold_panning_at_Bonanza_Creek.JPG/440px-Gold_panning_at_Bonanza_Creek.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>Panning for gold in a creek bed</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_in_the_pan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gold_in_the_pan.jpg/220px-Gold_in_the_pan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gold_in_the_pan.jpg/330px-Gold_in_the_pan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gold_in_the_pan.jpg/440px-Gold_in_the_pan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Gold in the pan, Alaska</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Postcard_of_unidentified_man_panning_for_gold_in_Fair_Play,_Colorado_taken_in_the_early_1900s_-_DPLA_-_36c572e8b910b25a531ec110232def2e_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Man gold panning in Fairplay, Colorado early 1900s with dog." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Postcard_of_unidentified_man_panning_for_gold_in_Fair_Play%2C_Colorado_taken_in_the_early_1900s_-_DPLA_-_36c572e8b910b25a531ec110232def2e_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Postcard_of_unidentified_man_panning_for_gold_in_Fair_Play%2C_Colorado_taken_in_the_early_1900s_-_DPLA_-_36c572e8b910b25a531ec110232def2e_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Postcard_of_unidentified_man_panning_for_gold_in_Fair_Play%2C_Colorado_taken_in_the_early_1900s_-_DPLA_-_36c572e8b910b25a531ec110232def2e_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Postcard_of_unidentified_man_panning_for_gold_in_Fair_Play%2C_Colorado_taken_in_the_early_1900s_-_DPLA_-_36c572e8b910b25a531ec110232def2e_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Postcard_of_unidentified_man_panning_for_gold_in_Fair_Play%2C_Colorado_taken_in_the_early_1900s_-_DPLA_-_36c572e8b910b25a531ec110232def2e_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Postcard_of_unidentified_man_panning_for_gold_in_Fair_Play%2C_Colorado_taken_in_the_early_1900s_-_DPLA_-_36c572e8b910b25a531ec110232def2e_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1021" data-file-height="674" /></a><figcaption>Man gold panning in <a href="/wiki/Fairplay,_Colorado" title="Fairplay, Colorado">Fairplay, Colorado</a> early 1900s with dog</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gold panning</b>, or simply <i>panning</i>, is a form of <a href="/wiki/Placer_mining" title="Placer mining">placer mining</a> and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_mining" title="Traditional mining">traditional mining</a> that extracts <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> from a <a href="/wiki/Placer_deposit" title="Placer deposit">placer deposit</a> using a pan. The process is one of the simplest ways to extract gold, and is popular with geology enthusiasts especially because of its low cost and relative simplicity. </p><p>The first recorded instances of placer mining are from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">ancient Rome</a>, where gold and other precious metals were extracted from streams and mountainsides using <a href="/wiki/Sluices" class="mw-redirect" title="Sluices">sluices</a> and panning<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Ruina_montium" title="Ruina montium">ruina montium</a></i></span>). </p><p>However, the productivity rate is comparatively smaller compared to other methods such as the <a href="/wiki/Rocker_box" title="Rocker box">rocker box</a> or large extractors, such as those used at the <a href="/wiki/Super_Pit_gold_mine" title="Super Pit gold mine">Super Pit gold mine</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Kalgoorlie,_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalgoorlie, Western Australia">Kalgoorlie, Western Australia</a>, which has led to panning being largely replaced in the commercial market. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Process">Process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_panning&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panning_out_-_NARA_-_517433.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Panning_out_-_NARA_-_517433.jpg/280px-Panning_out_-_NARA_-_517433.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Panning_out_-_NARA_-_517433.jpg/420px-Panning_out_-_NARA_-_517433.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Panning_out_-_NARA_-_517433.jpg/560px-Panning_out_-_NARA_-_517433.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1817" /></a><figcaption>"Panning out" ~ <a href="/wiki/Stereoscopic" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereoscopic">Stereoscopic</a> view of print taken by the U.S. Geological and Geographic Survey of the Territories ~ circa 1874–1879</figcaption></figure> <p>Gold panning is a simple process. Once a suitable placer deposit is located, some alluvial deposits are scooped into a pan, where they are then wetted and loosed from attached soils by soaking, fingering, and aggressive agitation in water. This is called stratification; which helps dense materials, like gold, sink to the bottom of the pan. Materials with low <a href="/wiki/Specific_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific gravity">specific gravity</a> will rise upward, allowing these to be washed out of the pan, whereas materials with higher specific gravity, sinking to the bottom of the sediment during stratification, will remain in the pan allowing examination and collection by the prospector. These dense materials usually consist of <a href="/wiki/Black_sand" title="Black sand">black sand</a> with whatever stones or dense metal particles that may be found in the deposit that is used for source material. </p><p>Because of the stratification process, gold panning is used in the <a href="/wiki/Assay" title="Assay">assaying</a> process in which portions of paydirt (processed mining material) is analyzed for the amount of gold contained (parts per ton). Assaying is an important aspect of mining, especially for large commercial mining operations. Although gold panning is considered by many an outdoor <a href="/wiki/Hobby" title="Hobby">hobby</a>, it is still a source of income for many who live in parts of Alaska.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While an effective method with certain kinds of deposits, and essential for prospecting, even skilled panners can only work a limited amount of material, significantly less than the other methods which have replaced it in larger operation.<sup id="cite_ref-Silva_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silva-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pans remain in use in places where there is limited capital or infrastructure, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Recreational_gold_mining" title="Recreational gold mining">recreational gold mining</a>. </p><p>In many situations, gold panning usually turns up only minor gold dust that is usually collected as a souvenir in small clear tubes by hobbyists. Nuggets and considerable amounts of dust are occasionally found, but panning mining is not generally lucrative. Panning for gold can be used to locate the parent gold <a href="/wiki/Vein_(geology)" title="Vein (geology)">veins</a> which are the source of most placer deposits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pans">Pans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_panning&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pans_et_bat%C3%A9e_de_diverses_origines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pans_et_bat%C3%A9e_de_diverses_origines.jpg/290px-Pans_et_bat%C3%A9e_de_diverses_origines.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pans_et_bat%C3%A9e_de_diverses_origines.jpg/435px-Pans_et_bat%C3%A9e_de_diverses_origines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pans_et_bat%C3%A9e_de_diverses_origines.jpg/580px-Pans_et_bat%C3%A9e_de_diverses_origines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Various designs of gold pans from around the world</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panning_Gold_in_the_Early_Colonial_Period,_1535.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Panning_Gold_in_the_Early_Colonial_Period%2C_1535.jpeg/290px-Panning_Gold_in_the_Early_Colonial_Period%2C_1535.jpeg" decoding="async" width="290" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Panning_Gold_in_the_Early_Colonial_Period%2C_1535.jpeg/435px-Panning_Gold_in_the_Early_Colonial_Period%2C_1535.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Panning_Gold_in_the_Early_Colonial_Period%2C_1535.jpeg/580px-Panning_Gold_in_the_Early_Colonial_Period%2C_1535.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2222" data-file-height="888" /></a><figcaption>Panning Gold in New Spain, Early Colonial Period, c. 1535. The pans appear to be <i>bateas</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Gold pans of various designs have been developed over the years,<sup id="cite_ref-Special2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Special2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the common features being a means for trapping the heavy materials during agitation, or for easily removing them at the end of the process. Some are intended for use with <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a>, include screens, sharp corners for breaking ice, are non-round, or are even designed for use "with or without water". <a href="/wiki/Edward_Otho_Cresap_Ord,_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Otho Cresap Ord, II">Edward Otho Cresap Ord, II</a>, a former Army officer and co-owner of several mines, patented several pan designs including designs for use with mercury or dry.<sup id="cite_ref-Special3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Special3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pans are measured by their diameter in inches or centimeters. Common sizes of gold pans today range between 10 and 17 inches (25 and 43 cm), with 14 inches (36 cm) being the most used size. The sides are generally angled between 30° and 45°.<sup id="cite_ref-Silva_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silva-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Klondike_Placer_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klondike_Placer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pans are manufactured in both metal and high-impact plastic. <a href="/wiki/Russia_iron" title="Russia iron">Russia iron</a><sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_1907_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson_1907-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Klondike_Placer_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klondike_Placer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or heavy gauge steel pans are traditional. Steel pans are heavier and stronger than plastic pans. Some are made of lightweight alloys for structural stability. Plastic gold pans resist rust, acid and corrosion, and most are designed with moulded riffles along one side of the pan. Of the plastic gold pans, green and red ones are usually preferred among prospectors, as both the gold and the black sand stands out in the bottom of the pan, although many also opt for black pans instead to easily identify gold deposits. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Batea"></span>The <i>batea</i>, Spanish for "gold pan",<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a particular variant of gold pan.<sup id="cite_ref-Klondike_Placer_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klondike_Placer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally made of a solid piece of wood,<sup id="cite_ref-Klondike_Placer_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klondike_Placer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it may also be made of metal. Bateas are used in areas where there is less water available for use than with traditional gold pans, such as Mexico and South America, where it was introduced by the Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-Klondike_Placer_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klondike_Placer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_1907_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson_1907-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bateas are larger than other gold pans, being closer to half a meter (20 inches) in diameter.<sup id="cite_ref-Klondike_Placer_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klondike_Placer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yuri-ita">Yuri-ita</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_panning&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Yuri-ita"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The yuri-ita (揺り板), Japanese for "rocking plate" is a traditional wooden gold pan used in Japan. Unlike other gold pans, it is rectangular in shape with a concave cross section and is sealed off at one end with the other end open. As the Japanese name implies, the gold is panned with a rocking motion.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gold_panning&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLynn_Cohen_Duncan1999" class="citation cs2">Lynn Cohen Duncan (1999-12-09), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unc.edu/~duncan/personal/roman_mining/deep-vein_mining.htm#Types"><i>Roman Deep-vein Mining</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-12-14</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman+Deep-vein+Mining&rft.date=1999-12-09&rft.au=Lynn+Cohen+Duncan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unc.edu%2F~duncan%2Fpersonal%2Froman_mining%2Fdeep-vein_mining.htm%23Types&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGold+panning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2014/09/the-alaskan-town-where-people-still-pan-for-gold/380854/">Alaska (Weymouth, Adam. “The Alaskan Town Where People Still Pan for Gold.”</a> <i>The Atlantic</i>, Atlantic Media Company, 29 Sept. 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silva-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Silva_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Silva_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilva1986" class="citation book cs1">Silva, Michael A. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/placergoldrecove87silv"><i>Placer Gold Recovery Methods (No. 87)</i></a>. Sacramento, California: California Division of Mines and Geology. pp. 2–3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Placer+Gold+Recovery+Methods+%28No.+87%29&rft.place=Sacramento%2C+California&rft.pages=2-3&rft.pub=California+Division+of+Mines+and+Geology&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Silva&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fplacergoldrecove87silv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGold+panning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Special2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Special2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarious" class="citation web cs1">Various. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100801211358/http://www.mine.mn/Gold_Pan.htm">"Gold Pans of Every Shape"</a>. <i>ECO-MINEX INTERNATIONAL LTD</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mine.mn/Gold_Pan.htm">the original</a> on August 1, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ECO-MINEX+INTERNATIONAL+LTD&rft.atitle=Gold+Pans+of+Every+Shape&rft.au=Various&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mine.mn%2FGold_Pan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGold+panning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Special3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Special3_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarious2006" class="citation web cs1">Various (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://invention.smithsonian.org/resources/MIND_Repository_Details.aspx?rep_id=1669">"Ord Family Papers, Part 2"</a>. <i>Georgetown University Libraries Special Collections, Lemelson Center</i>. Georgetown University Library, 37th and N Streets, N.W., Washington, D.C., 20057<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Georgetown+University+Libraries+Special+Collections%2C+Lemelson+Center&rft.atitle=Ord+Family+Papers%2C+Part+2&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Various&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvention.smithsonian.org%2Fresources%2FMIND_Repository_Details.aspx%3Frep_id%3D1669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGold+panning" class="Z3988"></span>Note: Call number 90A469 in four series. Series 1 deal with correspondence 1940 to 1963. SERIES: 5. E.O.C. Ord II: Patents and Printed Materials.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klondike_Placer-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klondike_Placer_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klondike_Placer_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klondike_Placer_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klondike_Placer_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klondike_Placer_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klondike_Placer_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/placermininghand00coll"><i>Placer Mining: A Hand-book for Klondike and Other Miners and Prospectors</i></a>. Scranton, Pa.: Colliery Engineering Co. 1897. pp. 96–97.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Placer+Mining%3A+A+Hand-book+for+Klondike+and+Other+Miners+and+Prospectors&rft.place=Scranton%2C+Pa.&rft.pages=96-97&rft.pub=Colliery+Engineering+Co.&rft.date=1897&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fplacermininghand00coll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGold+panning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson_1907-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_1907_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_1907_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1907" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, E. B. (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/placermining00wilsrich"><i>Hydraulic and Placer Mining</i></a>. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 30–33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hydraulic+and+Placer+Mining&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=30-33&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=E.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fplacermining00wilsrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGold+panning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaymond1881" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Raymond, R.W. (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/glossaryofmining00raymuoft">"batea"</a>. <i>Glossary of Mining and Metallurgical Terms</i>. Easton, Pa.: American Institute of Mining Engineers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=batea&rft.btitle=Glossary+of+Mining+and+Metallurgical+Terms&rft.place=Easton%2C+Pa.&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Mining+Engineers&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Raymond&rft.aufirst=R.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fglossaryofmining00raymuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGold+panning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocities.jp/omorigold/A4_1.htm">"How to use a Yuri-ita (ゆり板を使う)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+use+a+Yuri-ita+%28%E3%82%86%E3%82%8A%E6%9D%BF%E3%82%92%E4%BD%BF%E3%81%86%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.jp%2Fomorigold%2FA4_1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGold+panning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Extractive_metallurgy" title="Template:Extractive metallurgy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Extractive_metallurgy" title="Template talk:Extractive metallurgy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Extractive_metallurgy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Extractive metallurgy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extractive_metallurgy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Extractive_metallurgy" title="Extractive metallurgy">Extractive metallurgy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Metallurgical_assay" title="Metallurgical assay">Metallurgical assay</a> <a href="/wiki/Non-ferrous_extractive_metallurgy" title="Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy">Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_processing" title="Mineral processing">Mineral processing</a><br /><small>(by physical means)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extraction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geological_survey" title="Geological survey">Geological survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">Natural resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ore" title="Ore">Ore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_geology" title="Economic geology">Economic geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">Mineral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base_metal" title="Base metal">Base metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">Precious metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">Mining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surface_mining" title="Surface mining">Surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_mining_(hard_rock)" class="mw-redirect" title="Underground mining (hard rock)">Underground in hard rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_mining_(soft_rock)" class="mw-redirect" title="Underground mining (soft rock)">Underground in soft rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scrap" title="Scrap">Scrap</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comminution" title="Comminution">Comminution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_mill" title="Stamp mill">Stamp mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrastra" title="Arrastra">Arrastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusher" title="Crusher">Crusher</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mill_(grinding)#Autogenous_mill" title="Mill (grinding)">AG mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_(grinding)#SAG_mill" title="Mill (grinding)">SAG mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_(grinding)#Pebble_mill" title="Mill (grinding)">Pebble mill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_mill" title="Ball mill">Ball mill</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mill_(grinding)#Rod_mill" title="Mill (grinding)">Rod mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IsaMill" title="IsaMill">IsaMill</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sizing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ore_sorting" class="mw-redirect" title="Ore sorting">Ore sorting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanning" title="Vanning">Vanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocyclone" title="Hydrocyclone">Hydrocyclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trommel_screen" title="Trommel screen">Trommel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclonic_separation" title="Cyclonic separation">Cyclonic separation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyratory_equipment" title="Gyratory equipment">Gyratory equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_screening" title="Mechanical screening">Mechanical screening</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ore_concentrate" title="Ore concentrate">Concentration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Froth_flotation" title="Froth flotation">Froth flotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jameson_cell" title="Jameson cell">Jameson cell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jig_concentrators" title="Jig concentrators">Jig concentrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_processing#Gravity_concentration" title="Mineral processing">Gravity Concentration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_separation" title="Magnetic separation">Magnetic separation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Magnetation_(iron_ore)" title="Magnetation (iron ore)">Magnetation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocker_box" title="Rocker box">Rocker box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drywasher" title="Drywasher">Dry washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddle_pit" title="Buddle pit">Buddle pit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pyrometallurgy" title="Pyrometallurgy">Pyrometallurgy</a><br /><small>(by heat)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Smelting" title="Smelting">Smelting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferrous_metallurgy" title="Ferrous metallurgy">Iron smelting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_smelting" title="Lead smelting">Lead smelting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_smelting" title="Zinc smelting">Zinc smelting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_smelting" title="Flash smelting">Flash smelting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISASMELT" title="ISASMELT">ISASMELT</a> furnace</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refractory" title="Refractory">Refractory linings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Refining_(metallurgy)" title="Refining (metallurgy)">Refining</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cupellation" title="Cupellation">Cupellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkes_process" title="Parkes process">Parkes process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottom-blown_oxygen_converter" title="Bottom-blown oxygen converter">Bottom-blown oxygen converter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poling_(metallurgy)" title="Poling (metallurgy)">Poling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IsaKidd_refining_technology" title="IsaKidd refining technology">IsaKidd process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcination" title="Calcination">Calcination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roasting_(metallurgy)" title="Roasting (metallurgy)">Roasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquation" title="Liquation">Liquation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hydrometallurgy" title="Hydrometallurgy">Hydrometallurgy</a><br /><small>(by aqueous solution)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leaching_(metallurgy)" title="Leaching (metallurgy)">Leaching</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lixiviant" title="Lixiviant">Lixiviant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heap_leaching" title="Heap leaching">Heap leaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dump_leaching" title="Dump leaching">Dump leaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank_leaching" title="Tank leaching">Tank leaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_situ_leach" title="In situ leach">In situ leaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newbery%E2%80%93Vautin_chlorination_process" title="Newbery–Vautin chlorination process">Gold chlorination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_cyanidation" title="Gold cyanidation">Gold cyanidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayer_process" title="Bayer process">Bayer process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amalgam_(chemistry)" title="Amalgam (chemistry)">Amalgamation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patio_process" title="Patio process">Patio process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_amalgamation" title="Pan amalgamation">Pan amalgamation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electrometallurgy" title="Electrometallurgy">Electrometallurgy</a><br /><small>(by electricity)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Electrolysis" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electrolysis" title="Electrolysis">Electrolysis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electrowinning" title="Electrowinning">Electrowinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall%E2%80%93H%C3%A9roult_process" title="Hall–Héroult process">Hall–Héroult process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castner_process" title="Castner process">Castner process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downs_cell" title="Downs cell">Downs cell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Co-products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tailings" title="Tailings">Tailings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangue" title="Gangue">Gangue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slag" title="Slag">Slag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinker_(waste)" title="Clinker (waste)">Clinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chat_(mining)" title="Chat (mining)">Chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauxite_tailings" class="mw-redirect" title="Bauxite tailings">Red mud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_sand" title="Stamp sand">Stamp sand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gold_panning&oldid=1254501057">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gold_panning&oldid=1254501057</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gold_mining" title="Category:Gold mining">Gold mining</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Traditional_mining" title="Category:Traditional mining">Traditional mining</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gold_prospecting" title="Category:Gold 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