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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Archaeology career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Archaeology_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Archaeology career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Archaeology_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Large_Stone_Structure_("King_David's_palace")" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Large_Stone_Structure_("King_David's_palace")"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>The Large Stone Structure ("King David's palace")</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Large_Stone_Structure_("King_David's_palace")-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nehemiah's_wall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nehemiah's_wall"> <div 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Ophel gold hoard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ophel_gold_hoard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bulla_of_Hezekiah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bulla_of_Hezekiah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Bulla of Hezekiah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bulla_of_Hezekiah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bulla_of_Isaiah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bulla_of_Isaiah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Bulla of Isaiah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bulla_of_Isaiah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientific_approach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_approach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Scientific approach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_approach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Published_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Published_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Published works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Published_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilat_Mazar" title="Eilat Mazar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Eilat Mazar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilat_Mazar" title="Eilat Mazar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Eilat Mazar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ایلات مزار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایلات مزار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilat_Mazar" title="Eilat Mazar – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Eilat Mazar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilat_Mazar" title="Eilat Mazar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eilat Mazar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilat_Mazar" title="Eilat Mazar – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eilat Mazar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A8" title="אילת מזר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אילת מזר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ايلات مازار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايلات مازار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilat_Mazar" title="Eilat Mazar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eilat Mazar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilat_Mazar" title="Eilat Mazar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eilat Mazar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80,_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Мазар, Эйлат – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мазар, Эйлат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilat_Mazar" title="Eilat Mazar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eilat Mazar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Israeli archaeologist (1956–2021)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Eilat Mazar</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Eilat_Mazar_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Eilat_Mazar_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Eilat_Mazar_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Eilat_Mazar_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Eilat_Mazar_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Eilat_Mazar_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Eilat_Mazar_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="954" data-file-height="1146" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1956-09-10</span>)</span>10 September 1956</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">25 May 2021<span style="display:none">(2021-05-25)</span> (aged 64)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category">Israeli</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Discovery of the <a href="/wiki/Large_Stone_Structure" title="Large Stone Structure">Large Stone Structure</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shalem_Center" title="Shalem Center">Shalem Center</a>, Institute of Archaeology at the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew University">Hebrew University</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Eilat Mazar</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">אילת מזר</span>; 10 September 1956 – 25 May 2021) was an Israeli <a href="/wiki/Archaeologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeologist">archaeologist</a>. She specialized in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> archaeology. She was also a key person in <a href="/wiki/Biblical_archaeology" title="Biblical archaeology">Biblical archaeology</a> noted for her discovery of the <a href="/wiki/Large_Stone_Structure" title="Large Stone Structure">Large Stone Structure</a>, which she surmised to be the palace of King <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eilat_Mazar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eilat Mazar was born on 10 September 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the granddaughter of pioneering Israeli archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mazar" title="Benjamin Mazar">Benjamin Mazar</a>, who served as president of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>, and the second cousin of <a href="/wiki/Amihai_Mazar" title="Amihai Mazar">Amihai Mazar</a>, a professor of Archaeology at the Hebrew University as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Hasson_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hasson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She obtained a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> from that same institution, before joining the excavation team of Yigal Shiloh in 1981 and working there for four years.<sup id="cite_ref-Borschel-Dan_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borschel-Dan-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was granted a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Doctor of Philosophy</a> from Hebrew University in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-Rossner_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rossner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her thesis was written on the culture of <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a>, based on the excavations she undertook in <a href="/wiki/Achziv" title="Achziv">Achziv</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hasson_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hasson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mazar had one daughter from her first marriage, which ended in divorce.<sup id="cite_ref-Hasson_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hasson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lefkovits_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lefkovits-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her second marriage was to Yair Shoham, who was also an archaeologist. They remained married until his death from a heart attack in 1997, at the age of 44.<sup id="cite_ref-Lefkovits_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lefkovits-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together, they had three sons.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mazar died on 25 May 2021. She was 64, and suffered from an unspecified long illness prior to her death.<sup id="cite_ref-Hasson_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hasson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Borschel-Dan_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borschel-Dan-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeology_career">Archaeology career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eilat_Mazar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Archaeology career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mazar served as a senior fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Shalem_Center" title="Shalem Center">Shalem Center</a>. She worked on the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> excavations and excavations at <a href="/wiki/Achzib" class="mw-redirect" title="Achzib">Achzib</a>. She was previously head of <a href="/wiki/Shalem_Center" title="Shalem Center">Shalem Center</a>'s Institute of Archaeology.<sup id="cite_ref-Rossner_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rossner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Large_Stone_Structure_("King_David's_palace")"><span id="The_Large_Stone_Structure_.28.22King_David.27s_palace.22.29"></span>The Large Stone Structure ("King David's palace")</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eilat_Mazar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Large Stone Structure ("King David's palace")"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 4 August 2005, Mazar announced she had discovered in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> what may have been the palace of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">biblical</a> <a href="/wiki/King_David" class="mw-redirect" title="King David">King David</a>, according to the Bible the second king of a united <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">Kingdom of Israel</a>, who may have ruled in the late eleventh century/early tenth century BCE. Now referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Large_Stone_Structure" title="Large Stone Structure"><i>Large Stone</i> structure</a>, Mazar's discovery consists of a public building she dated from the 10th century BCE, a copper scroll, pottery from the same period, and a clay <a href="/wiki/Bulla_(seal)" title="Bulla (seal)">bulla</a>, or inscribed seal, of <a href="/wiki/Jehucal" title="Jehucal">Jehucal</a>, son of Shelemiah, son of Shevi, an official mentioned at least twice in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Book of Jeremiah</a>. In July 2008, she also found a second bulla, belonging to Gedaliah ben Pashhur, who is mentioned together with Jehucal in Jeremiah 38:1.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dig was sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/Shalem_Center" title="Shalem Center">Shalem Center</a> and financed by an American investment banker, Baron Corso de Palenzuela Ha Levi-Kahana Mayuha. The land is owned by the <a href="/wiki/Ir_David_Foundation" title="Ir David Foundation">Ir David Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Amihai_Mazar" title="Amihai Mazar">Amihai Mazar</a>, a professor of archeology at Hebrew University, and Mazar's cousin, called the find "something of a miracle". He has said that he believes that the building may be the Fortress of Zion that David is said to have captured.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other scholars are skeptical that the foundation walls are from David's palace. They suggest that the Large Stone Structure is a massive Jebusite building that was constructed at the end of Jebusite rule over Jerusalem. In her preliminary report published in 2009, Dr. Mazar recognized that this was possible, but she also explained why it is highly unlikely. The Jebusites would not have invested the time and resources necessary to build a massive palatial structure outside their fortress city, at a time when the Israelites were growing in power and preparing to conquer the Jebusite territory.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nehemiah's_wall"><span id="Nehemiah.27s_wall"></span>Nehemiah's wall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eilat_Mazar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nehemiah's wall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2007 Mazar uncovered what she suggested was <a href="/wiki/Nehemiah" title="Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a>'s wall.<sup id="cite_ref-jpost_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpost-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Solomonic_gate_and_tower">Solomonic gate and tower</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eilat_Mazar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Solomonic gate and tower"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2010 Mazar announced the discovery of part of the ancient city walls around the City of David which she believed date to the tenth century BCE. According to Mazar, "It's the most significant construction we have from First Temple days in Israel" and "It means that at that time, the 10th century, in Jerusalem there was a regime capable of carrying out such construction." The tenth century BCE is the period the Bible describes as the reign of King <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a>. Not all archaeologists believe that there was a strong state at that time, and the archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Aren_Maeir" title="Aren Maeir">Aren Maeir</a> is dubious about such claims and about Mazar's dating.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ophel_inscription">Ophel inscription</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eilat_Mazar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ophel inscription"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2012, Mazar announced the discovery of inscription at the <a href="/wiki/Ophel" title="Ophel">Ophel</a> excavation. The <a href="/wiki/Ophel_inscription" class="mw-redirect" title="Ophel inscription">Ophel inscription</a> was made on a large storage jar, and only a piece of 8 letters has been preserved. Several readings were suggested, as well as several attributions, possibly to Jebusites or to Hebrews. It dates to 11th–10th century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ophel_gold_hoard">Ophel gold hoard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eilat_Mazar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ophel gold hoard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 9 September 2013, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem announced that Eilat Mazar recently discovered a gold treasure at the foot of <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>, dating back to the end of the Byzantine period (beginning of the 7th century). Dubbed as the <a href="/wiki/Ophel_Treasure" title="Ophel Treasure">Ophel Treasure</a>, the 1,400-year-old cache contains a gold medallion on which a <a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Temple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Temple)">menorah</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">shofar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> scroll are etched.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bulla_of_Hezekiah">Bulla of Hezekiah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eilat_Mazar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bulla of Hezekiah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2015, Mazar made the discovery of the royal bulla of the biblical <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a>, which reads "Belonging to Hezekiah [son of] Ahaz king of Judah" and dates to between 727–698 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was, according to Mazar, "the first time that a seal impression of an Israelite or Judean king has ever come to light in a scientific archaeological excavation."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bulla_of_Isaiah">Bulla of Isaiah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eilat_Mazar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bulla of Isaiah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018 Mazar published a report discussing the discovery of another bulla which she said may have belonged to <a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a>, a prophet and contemporary of Hezekiah. She believed the fragment to have been part of a seal whose complete text might have read "Belonging to Isaiah the prophet."<sup id="cite_ref-Signature_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Signature-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other experts, including George Washington University's <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Rollston" title="Christopher Rollston">Christopher Rollston</a>, have pointed to the bulla being incomplete, and that the present inscription does not necessarily refer to the biblical figure.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_approach">Scientific approach</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eilat_Mazar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Scientific approach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mazar was a <a href="/wiki/Biblical_maximalism" title="Biblical maximalism">biblical maximalist</a> and, according to herself, "I work with the Bible in one hand and the tools of excavation in the other, and I try to consider everything."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Israel_Finkelstein" title="Israel Finkelstein">Israel Finkelstein</a> and other archaeologists from <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a> have flagged concern that, with reference to her 2006 dating of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_city_walls_around_the_City_of_David" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient city walls around the City of David">"Solomonic city wall"</a> in the area to the south of the Temple Mount known as the "<a href="/wiki/Ophel" title="Ophel">Ophel</a>", "the biblical text dominates this field operation, not archaeology. Had it not been for Mazar's literal reading of the biblical text, she never would have dated the remains to the 10th century BCE with such confidence.<sup id="cite_ref-Finkelstein2007_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finkelstein2007-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Amihai_Mazar" title="Amihai Mazar">Amihai Mazar</a> and other archaeologists from the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a> have defended Mazar's work and scholars now agree with Mazar's dating of this structure.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mazar was cautioned by <a href="/wiki/Epigrapher" class="mw-redirect" title="Epigrapher">epigrapher</a> Ryan Byrne following the 2008 confusion over the inscription on the <a href="/wiki/Shelomit_seal" title="Shelomit seal">Shelomit seal</a>, that "in the mad dash to report biblical artifacts to the public or connect discoveries with the most obscure persons or events reported in the Bible, there is sometimes a tendency to compromise the analytical caution that objects of such value so dearly deserve."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_works">Published works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eilat_Mazar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Published works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMazar,_Eilat2006" class="citation journal cs1">Mazar, Eilat (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/jerusalem/did-i-find-king-davids-palace/">"Did I Find King David's Palace?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Archaeology_Review" title="Biblical Archaeology Review">Biblical Archaeology Review</a></i>. <b>32</b> (1) (January/February): 16–27, 70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biblical+Archaeology+Review&rft.atitle=Did+I+Find+King+David%27s+Palace%3F&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1%29+%28January%2FFebruary&rft.pages=16-27%2C+70&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Mazar%2C+Eilat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblicalarchaeology.org%2Fdaily%2Fbiblical-sites-places%2Fjerusalem%2Fdid-i-find-king-davids-palace%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span> ISSN 0098-9444</li> <li>Mazar, Eilat (2004). The Phoenician Family Tomb N.1 at the Northern Cemetery of Achziv (10th-6th centuries BCE). Sam Turner Expedition. Final Report of the Excavations (Cuadernos de Arquelogia Mediterranea 10), Barcelona.</li> <li>Mazar, Eilat (2003). The Phoenicians in Achziv, The Southern Cemetery. Jerome L. Joss Expedition. Final Report of Excavations 1988-1990 (Cuadernos de Arquelogia Mediterranea 7), Barcelona.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazar2003" class="citation book cs1">Mazar, Eilat (2003). <i>The Temple Mount Excavations in Jerusalem 1968–1978 Directed by Benjamin Mazar Final Reports Vol. II: The Byzantine and Early Islamic Periods</i>. Qedem. Vol. 43. Jerusalem: Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Temple+Mount+Excavations+in+Jerusalem+1968%E2%80%931978+Directed+by+Benjamin+Mazar+Final+Reports+Vol.+II%3A+The+Byzantine+and+Early+Islamic+Periods&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.series=Qedem&rft.pub=Institute+of+Archaeology%2C+Hebrew+University+of+Jerusalem&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Mazar&rft.aufirst=Eilat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazar2002" class="citation book cs1">Mazar, Eilat (2002). <i>The Complete Guide to the Temple Mount Excavations</i>. Jerusalem: Shoham Academic Research and Publication. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-90299-1-8" title="Special:BookSources/965-90299-1-8"><bdi>965-90299-1-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Guide+to+the+Temple+Mount+Excavations&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Shoham+Academic+Research+and+Publication&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=965-90299-1-8&rft.aulast=Mazar&rft.aufirst=Eilat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazar1999" class="citation book cs1">Mazar, Eilat (1999). <i>The Monastery of the Virgins - Byzantine Period - Temple Mount Excavations in Jerusalem</i>. Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Monastery+of+the+Virgins+-+Byzantine+Period+-+Temple+Mount+Excavations+in+Jerusalem&rft.pub=Institute+of+Archaeology%2C+Hebrew+University+of+Jerusalem&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Mazar&rft.aufirst=Eilat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Mazar, Eilat. with Mazar, B. (1989). "Excavations in the South of the Temple Mount". <i>The Ophel of Biblical Jerusalem</i>, Jerusalem.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eilat_Mazar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Israel" title="Archaeology of Israel">Archaeology of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Women of Israel">Women of Israel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eilat_Mazar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeadapohl2018" class="citation news cs1">Headapohl, Jackie (10 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thejewishnews.com/2018/09/10/eilat-mazar-is-born-israel-archaeology/">"Eilat Mazar Is Born"</a>. <i>The Jewish News</i>. Detroit. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925000621/https://thejewishnews.com/2018/09/10/eilat-mazar-is-born-israel-archaeology/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+News&rft.atitle=Eilat+Mazar+Is+Born&rft.date=2018-09-10&rft.aulast=Headapohl&rft.aufirst=Jackie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthejewishnews.com%2F2018%2F09%2F10%2Feilat-mazar-is-born-israel-archaeology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hasson-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hasson_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hasson_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hasson_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hasson_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasson2021" class="citation news cs1">Hasson, Nir (26 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-dr-eilat-mazar-archaeologist-of-ancient-jerusalem-dies-1.9846283">"Dr. Eilat Mazar, Doyenne of Ancient Jerusalem Archaeology, Dies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210526124720/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-dr-eilat-mazar-archaeologist-of-ancient-jerusalem-dies-1.9846283">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Dr.+Eilat+Mazar%2C+Doyenne+of+Ancient+Jerusalem+Archaeology%2C+Dies&rft.date=2021-05-26&rft.aulast=Hasson&rft.aufirst=Nir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F.premium-dr-eilat-mazar-archaeologist-of-ancient-jerusalem-dies-1.9846283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Borschel-Dan-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Borschel-Dan_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borschel-Dan_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorschel-Dan2021" class="citation news cs1">Borschel-Dan, Amanda (26 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/fearless-pioneering-biblical-archaeologist-eilat-mazar-dies-at-64/">"Fearless pioneering biblical archaeologist Eilat Mazar dies at 64"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210526173454/https://www.timesofisrael.com/fearless-pioneering-biblical-archaeologist-eilat-mazar-dies-at-64/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Fearless+pioneering+biblical+archaeologist+Eilat+Mazar+dies+at+64&rft.date=2021-05-26&rft.aulast=Borschel-Dan&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Ffearless-pioneering-biblical-archaeologist-eilat-mazar-dies-at-64%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rossner-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rossner_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rossner_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossner2006" class="citation news cs1">Rossner, Rena (26 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Local-Israel/In-Jerusalem/The-once-and-future-city">"The once and future city"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004153609/http://www.jpost.com/Local-Israel/In-Jerusalem/The-once-and-future-city">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2009</span>. <q>Mazar, a senior fellow at the Shalem Center, a Jerusalem-based conservative think tank, is a graduate of the Hebrew University, and granddaughter of the famous archeologist Binyamin Mazar.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=The+once+and+future+city&rft.date=2006-01-26&rft.aulast=Rossner&rft.aufirst=Rena&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FLocal-Israel%2FIn-Jerusalem%2FThe-once-and-future-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lefkovits-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lefkovits_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lefkovits_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLefkovits2008" class="citation news cs1">Lefkovits, Etgar (25 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/magazine/features/archeology-dr-eilat-mazar-the-bible-as-blueprint">"Archeology: Dr. Eilat Mazar – The Bible as blueprint"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210527224903/https://www.jpost.com/magazine/features/archeology-dr-eilat-mazar-the-bible-as-blueprint">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Archeology%3A+Dr.+Eilat+Mazar+%E2%80%93+The+Bible+as+blueprint&rft.date=2008-09-25&rft.aulast=Lefkovits&rft.aufirst=Etgar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fmagazine%2Ffeatures%2Farcheology-dr-eilat-mazar-the-bible-as-blueprint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBitton-Jackson2015" class="citation news cs1">Bitton-Jackson, Livia (3 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishpress.com/sections/jewess-press/impact-women-history/dr-eilat-mazar-biblical-archaeologist/2015/07/03/">"Dr. Eilat Mazar: Biblical Archaeologist"</a>. <i>The Jewish Press</i>. Brooklyn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151026003241/http://www.jewishpress.com/sections/jewess-press/impact-women-history/dr-eilat-mazar-biblical-archaeologist/2015/07/03/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+Press&rft.atitle=Dr.+Eilat+Mazar%3A+Biblical+Archaeologist&rft.date=2015-07-03&rft.aulast=Bitton-Jackson&rft.aufirst=Livia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishpress.com%2Fsections%2Fjewess-press%2Fimpact-women-history%2Fdr-eilat-mazar-biblical-archaeologist%2F2015%2F07%2F03%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Early+History+-+Archaeology/Unique+biblical+discovery+at+City+of+David+excavation+site+18-Aug-2008.htm">"Unique biblical discovery at City of David excavation site"</a>. Israel Ministry of Foreign affairs. 18 August 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181103142720/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Early+History+-+Archaeology/Unique+biblical+discovery+at+City+of+David+excavation+site+18-Aug-2008.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unique+biblical+discovery+at+City+of+David+excavation+site&rft.pub=Israel+Ministry+of+Foreign+affairs.&rft.date=2008-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FHistory%2FEarly%2BHistory%2B-%2BArchaeology%2FUnique%2Bbiblical%2Bdiscovery%2Bat%2BCity%2Bof%2BDavid%2Bexcavation%2Bsite%2B18-Aug-2008.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span> The identifications of the four biblical figures in these two bullae, namely, Jehucal, Shelemiah, Gedaliah, and Pashhur, are affirmed to be strong identifications in Lawrence Mykytiuk, "Archaeology Confirms 50 Real People in the Bible," <i>Biblical Archaeology Review</i>, vol. 40, issue 2 (March/April 2014), p. 47 (persons 31–34) and p. 49, with endnotes on all 50 persons, including persons 31-34, freely available online at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/people-cultures-in-the-bible/people-in-the-bible/50-people-in-the-bible-confirmed-archaeologically/comment-page-1/#comments">http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/people-cultures-in-the-bible/people-in-the-bible/50-people-in-the-bible-confirmed-archaeologically/comment-page-1/#comments</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140314235815/http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/people-cultures-in-the-bible/people-in-the-bible/50-people-in-the-bible-confirmed-archaeologically/comment-page-1/#comments">Archived</a> 14 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Earlier, these four identifications had been found to be very reasonable in Lawrence J. Mykytiuk, "Corrections and Updates to 'Identifying Biblical Persons in Northwest Semitic Inscriptions of 1200–539 B.C.E.,'" <i>Maarav</i> 16/1 (2009), pp. 85–100, which is freely available online at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/lib_research/129/">https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/lib_research/129/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422192220/http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/lib_research/129/">Archived</a> 22 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Erlanger, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/05/international/middleeast/05jerusalem.html">King David's Palace Is Found, Archaeologist Says</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130112203013/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/05/international/middleeast/05jerusalem.html">Archived</a> 2013-01-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 5 August 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagtegall2020" class="citation web cs1">Nagtegall, Brent (1 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://watchjerusalem.co.il/1011-is-it-really-king-davids-palace">"Is It Really King David's Palace?"</a>. <i>Watch Jerusalem</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Watch+Jerusalem&rft.atitle=Is+It+Really+King+David%27s+Palace%3F&rft.date=2020-08-01&rft.aulast=Nagtegall&rft.aufirst=Brent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwatchjerusalem.co.il%2F1011-is-it-really-king-davids-palace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jpost-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jpost_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Etgar Lefkovits, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Home/Article.aspx?id=83627">Nehemiah's wall uncovered</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101123120528/http://www.jpost.com/Home/Article.aspx?id=83627">Archived</a> 2010-11-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></i>, 28 November 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Jerusalem city wall dates back to King Solomon," <i>Jerusalem Post</i>, 23 February 2009, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=169388">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511153548/http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=169388">Archived</a> 11 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130912034733/http://www.foxnews.com/science/2013/07/31/3000-year-old-inscription-translated-biblical-history/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Message decoded: 3,000-year-old text sheds light on biblical history", foxnews.com"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/science/2013/07/31/3000-year-old-inscription-translated-biblical-history/">the original</a> on 12 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=%22Message+decoded%3A+3%2C000-year-old+text+sheds+light+on+biblical+history%22%2C+foxnews.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fscience%2F2013%2F07%2F31%2F3000-year-old-inscription-translated-biblical-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritagedaily.com/2013/07/inscription-from-time-of-david-solomon-found-near-temple-mount-in-hebrew-university-excavation/94550">"Inscription from time of David & Solomon found near Temple Mount"</a>. <i>Heritage Daily - Archaeology News</i>. 10 July 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927090438/https://www.heritagedaily.com/2013/07/inscription-from-time-of-david-solomon-found-near-temple-mount-in-hebrew-university-excavation/94550">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heritage+Daily+-+Archaeology+News&rft.atitle=Inscription+from+time+of+David+%26+Solomon+found+near+Temple+Mount&rft.date=2013-07-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagedaily.com%2F2013%2F07%2Finscription-from-time-of-david-solomon-found-near-temple-mount-in-hebrew-university-excavation%2F94550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://new.huji.ac.il/en/article/18251">"Ancient Golden Treasure Found at Foot of Temple Mount"</a>. Hebrew University of Jerusalem. 9 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130926124926/http://new.huji.ac.il/en/article/18251">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ancient+Golden+Treasure+Found+at+Foot+of+Temple+Mount&rft.pub=Hebrew+University+of+Jerusalem&rft.date=2013-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnew.huji.ac.il%2Fen%2Farticle%2F18251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisenbud2015" class="citation web cs1">Eisenbud, Daniel (2 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151203044047/http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Culture/First-ever-seal-impression-of-an-Israelite-or-Judean-king-exposed-near-Temple-Mount-436061">"FIRST EVER SEAL IMPRESSION OF AN ISRAELITE OR JUDEAN KING EXPOSED NEAR TEMPLE MOUNT"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Culture/First-ever-seal-impression-of-an-Israelite-or-Judean-king-exposed-near-Temple-Mount-436061/">the original</a> on 3 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=FIRST+EVER+SEAL+IMPRESSION+OF+AN+ISRAELITE+OR+JUDEAN+KING+EXPOSED+NEAR+TEMPLE+MOUNT&rft.date=2015-12-02&rft.aulast=Eisenbud&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FIsrael-News%2FCulture%2FFirst-ever-seal-impression-of-an-Israelite-or-Judean-king-exposed-near-Temple-Mount-436061%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFridman2016" class="citation web cs1">Fridman, Julia (4 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/jewish/archaeology/1.695308">"Hezekiah Seal Proves Ancient Jerusalem Was a Major Judahite Capital"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180103073238/https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/archaeology/1.695308">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Hezekiah+Seal+Proves+Ancient+Jerusalem+Was+a+Major+Judahite+Capital&rft.date=2016-01-04&rft.aulast=Fridman&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fjewish%2Farchaeology%2F1.695308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2015" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Dov (2 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2015-12-israelite-judean-king-exposed-situ.html">"First seal impression of an Israelite or Judean king ever exposed in situ in a scientific archaeological excavation"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180124070651/https://phys.org/news/2015-12-israelite-judean-king-exposed-situ.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+seal+impression+of+an+Israelite+or+Judean+king+ever+exposed+in+situ+in+a+scientific+archaeological+excavation&rft.date=2015-12-02&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Dov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2015-12-israelite-judean-king-exposed-situ.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Archaeology_Review" title="Biblical Archaeology Review">Biblical Archaeology Review</a> 2015 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/jerusalem/king-hezekiah-in-the-bible-royal-seal-of-hezekiah-comes-to-light/">King Hezekiah in the Bible: Royal Seal of Hezekiah Comes to Light</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180807162450/https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/jerusalem/king-hezekiah-in-the-bible-royal-seal-of-hezekiah-comes-to-light/">Archived</a> 7 August 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Signature-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Signature_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazar2018" class="citation journal cs1">Mazar, Eliat (March–June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://members.bib-arch.org/biblical-archaeology-review/44/2/7">"Is This the Prophet Isaiah's Signature?"</a>. <i>Biblical Archaeology Review</i>. <b>44</b> (2): 64–69. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190410085229/https://members.bib-arch.org/biblical-archaeology-review/44/2/7">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2018</span>. <q>This seal impression of Isaiah, therefore, is unique, and questions still remain about what it actually says. However, the close relationship between Isaiah and King Hezekiah, as described in the Bible, and the fact the bulla was found next to one bearing the name of Hezekiah seem to leave open the possibility that, despite the difficulties presented by the bulla's damaged area, this may have been a seal impression of Isaiah the prophet, adviser to King Hezekiah.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biblical+Archaeology+Review&rft.atitle=Is+This+the+Prophet+Isaiah%27s+Signature%3F&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=64-69&rft.date=2018-03%2F2018-06&rft.aulast=Mazar&rft.aufirst=Eliat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmembers.bib-arch.org%2Fbiblical-archaeology-review%2F44%2F2%2F7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rollstonepigraphy.com/?m=201802">"2018 February"</a>. <i>rollstonepigraphy.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180227214201/http://www.rollstonepigraphy.com/?m=201802">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rollstonepigraphy.com&rft.atitle=2018+February&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollstonepigraphy.com%2F%3Fm%3D201802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070120125149/http://www.momentmag.com/olam/Apr06/MOM-2006-04_mazar.html">"Eilat Mazar: Uncovering King David's Palace"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.momentmag.com/olam/Apr06/MOM-2006-04_mazar.html">the original</a> on 20 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eilat+Mazar%3A+Uncovering+King+David%27s+Palace&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.momentmag.com%2Folam%2FApr06%2FMOM-2006-04_mazar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span>, <i>Moment Magazine</i>, April 2006. Accessed 29 July 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Finkelstein2007-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Finkelstein2007_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Israel_Finkelstein" title="Israel Finkelstein">Israel Finkelstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Herzog" title="Ze'ev Herzog">Ze'ev Herzog</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lily_Singer-Avitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lily Singer-Avitz (page does not exist)">Lily Singer-Avitz</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Ussishkin" title="David Ussishkin">David Ussishkin</a> (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tau.ac.il/humanities/archaeology/info/TA34-2_King_David.pdf">Has King David's Palace in Jerusalem Been Found?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090305225911/http://www.tau.ac.il/humanities/archaeology/info/TA34-2_King_David.pdf">Archived</a> 2009-03-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Tel Aviv: Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University</i>, <b>34</b>(2), 142–164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazar2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amihai_Mazar" title="Amihai Mazar">Mazar, Amihai</a> (27 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110223583.29/html">"Archaeology and the Biblical Narrative: The Case of the United Monarchy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oCqSZdoWZMkC&dq=One+God+%E2%80%93+One+Cult+%E2%80%93+One+Nation&pg=PA426"><i>One God – One Cult – One Nation: Archaeological and Biblical Perspectives</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/De_Gruyter" title="De Gruyter">De Gruyter</a>. pp. 29–59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110223583.29">10.1515/9783110223583.29</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-022358-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-022358-3"><bdi>978-3-11-022358-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Archaeology+and+the+Biblical+Narrative%3A+The+Case+of+the+United+Monarchy&rft.btitle=One+God+%E2%80%93+One+Cult+%E2%80%93+One+Nation%3A+Archaeological+and+Biblical+Perspectives&rft.pages=29-59&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2010-09-27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110223583.29&rft.isbn=978-3-11-022358-3&rft.aulast=Mazar&rft.aufirst=Amihai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110223583.29%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaust2010" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Faust" title="Avraham Faust">Faust, Avraham</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41304083">"The Large Stone Structure in the City of David: A Reexamination"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Zeitschrift_des_Deutschen_Pal%C3%A4stina-Vereins" title="Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins">Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins</a></i>. <b>126</b> (2): 116–130. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0012-1169">0012-1169</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41304083">41304083</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+des+Deutschen+Pal%C3%A4stina-Vereins&rft.atitle=The+Large+Stone+Structure+in+the+City+of+David%3A+A+Reexamination&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=116-130&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41304083%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0012-1169&rft.aulast=Faust&rft.aufirst=Avraham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41304083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Elliott_Friedman" title="Richard Elliott Friedman">Friedman, Richard Elliott</a> (12 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_sbADQAAQBAJ"><i>The Exodus</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-256526-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-256526-6"><bdi>978-0-06-256526-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Exodus&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2017-09-12&rft.isbn=978-0-06-256526-6&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Richard+Elliott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_sbADQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEilat+Mazar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ryan Byrne, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bib-arch.org/debates/seal-controversy-06.asp">Hebrew Seals and the Rush to Biblical Judgment</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081007130847/http://www.bib-arch.org/debates/seal-controversy-06.asp">Archived</a> 7 October 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Archaeology_Review" title="Biblical Archaeology Review">Biblical Archaeology Review</a></i> website, 6 February 2008. Accessed 29 July 2008.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eilat_Mazar&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071222022710/http://archaeology.huji.ac.il/news/visiting/eilatm/eilatm.html">Eilat Mazar's work and publications</a>, Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Gold_hoards" title="Template:Gold hoards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gold_hoards" title="Template talk:Gold hoards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gold_hoards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gold hoards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gold_hoards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Gold hoards</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afghanistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tillya_Tepe" title="Tillya Tepe">Tillya Tepe</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="12" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trierer_Goldmuenzenschatz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trier Gold Hoard"><img alt="Trier Gold Hoard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Trierer_Goldmuenzenschatz.jpg/125px-Trierer_Goldmuenzenschatz.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Trierer_Goldmuenzenschatz.jpg/188px-Trierer_Goldmuenzenschatz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Trierer_Goldmuenzenschatz.jpg/250px-Trierer_Goldmuenzenschatz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="567" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channel Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grouville_Hoard" title="Grouville Hoard">Grouville Hoard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bredgar_Hoard" title="Bredgar Hoard">Bredgar Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheapside_Hoard" title="Cheapside Hoard">Cheapside Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbridge_Hoard" title="Corbridge Hoard">Corbridge Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crondall_Hoard" title="Crondall Hoard">Crondall Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellerby_Area_Hoard" title="Ellerby Area Hoard">Ellerby Area Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire_hoard" title="Herefordshire hoard">Herefordshire hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxne_Hoard" title="Hoxne Hoard">Hoxne Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipswich_Hoard" title="Ipswich Hoard">Ipswich Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_Hoard" title="Milton Keynes Hoard">Milton Keynes Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morvah#Morvah_Gold_Hoard" title="Morvah">Morvah Gold Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillington_Hoard" title="Shillington Hoard">Shillington Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snettisham_Hoard" title="Snettisham Hoard">Snettisham Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_Hoard" title="Staffordshire Hoard">Staffordshire Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetford_Hoard" title="Thetford Hoard">Thetford Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Hoard" title="West Yorkshire Hoard">West Yorkshire Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickham_Market_Hoard" title="Wickham Market Hoard">Wickham Market Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_Hoard" title="Winchester Hoard">Winchester Hoard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lava_Treasure" title="Lava Treasure">Lava Treasure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eberswalde_Hoard" title="Eberswalde Hoard">Eberswalde Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trier_Gold_Hoard" title="Trier Gold Hoard">Trier Gold Hoard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegina_Treasure" title="Aegina Treasure">Aegina Treasure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ireland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broighter_Gold" title="Broighter Gold">Broighter Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coggalbeg_hoard" title="Coggalbeg hoard">Coggalbeg hoard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jerusalem</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Ophel_gold_hoard">Ophel gold hoard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pietroasele_Treasure" title="Pietroasele Treasure">Pietroasele Treasure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scotland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stirling_torcs" title="Stirling torcs">Stirling torcs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Gold_Hoard" title="Baltimore Gold Hoard">Baltimore Gold Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Kentucky_Hoard" title="Great Kentucky Hoard">Great Kentucky Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_Ridge_Hoard" title="Saddle Ridge Hoard">Saddle Ridge Hoard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metal detecting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metal_detecting_finds" title="List of metal detecting finds">Metal detecting finds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hoards_in_Ireland" title="List of hoards in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hoards_in_the_Channel_Islands" title="List of hoards in the Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hoards_in_Great_Britain" title="List of hoards in Great Britain">Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hoards_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of hoards in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hoards_in_North_America" title="List of hoards in North America">List of hoards in North America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/23px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/34px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/46px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2893" data-file-height="3552" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Minerals" title="Portal:Minerals">minerals portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000385854322">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/247585642">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgRMPCwdRXGDtfr9Yp9Dq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1056088818">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr90005411">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15553033f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15553033f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074930419">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007265128705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/075115506">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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