CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="nl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Pogrom - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )nlwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januari","februari","maart","april","mei","juni","juli","augustus","september","oktober","november","december"],"wgRequestId":"e0213a74-e037-4278-98ba-b6fde2037a13","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Pogrom","wgTitle":"Pogrom","wgCurRevisionId":68675571,"wgRevisionId":68675571,"wgArticleId":36054,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pogrom"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nl","wgPageContentLanguage":"nl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Pogrom","wgRelevantArticleId":36054,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"nl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q177716","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.Direct-link-to-Commons","ext.gadget.ProtectionTemplates","ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks","ext.gadget.hoofdbetekenis-titelwijziging","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.OpenStreetMapFrame","ext.gadget.subpages","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.20"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Ekaterinoslav1905.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="648"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Ekaterinoslav1905.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="432"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="346"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Pogrom - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Bewerken" href="/w/index.php?title=Pogrom&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Pogrom rootpage-Pogrom skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Naar inhoud springen</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Hoofdmenu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofdmenu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofdmenu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofdmenu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/20_maart"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Pogrom" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Pogrom" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Pogrom" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Pogrom" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-In_de_geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_de_geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>In de geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_de_geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruimer_gebruik_van_de_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruimer_gebruik_van_de_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ruimer gebruik van de term</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruimer_gebruik_van_de_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgave" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pogrom</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 66 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="بوغروم – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوغروم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talan" title="Talan – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Talan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Пагром – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пагром" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Погром – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Погром" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BC" title="Πογκρόμ – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πογκρόμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogromo" title="Pogromo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pogromo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogromo" title="Pogromo – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pogromo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogromm" title="Pogromm – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pogromm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="پوگروم – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پوگروم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogromi" title="Pogromi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pogromi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D" title="פוגרום – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פוגרום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B4" title="Պոգրոմ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պոգրոմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogromo" title="Pogromo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pogromo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A0" title="ポグロム – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポグロム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="პოგრომი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოგრომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ойран – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ойран" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EA%B7%B8%EB%A1%AC" title="포그롬 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포그롬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogromas" title="Pogromas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pogromas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Погром – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Погром" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="പോഗ്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പോഗ്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Nederduits" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogr%C3%B2m" title="Pogròm – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pogròm" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Погром – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Погром" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogromi" title="Pogromi – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pogromi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Погром – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Погром" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogromu" title="Pogromu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Pogromu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="โพกรม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โพกรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Погром – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Погром" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="پوگروم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پوگروم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Waals" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9D" title="פאגראם – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאגראם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82" title="反猶騷亂 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="反猶騷亂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82" title="反猶騷亂 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="反猶騷亂" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q177716#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Pogrom" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nederlands</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergaven"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pogrom"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogrom&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogrom&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogrom&action=history" title="Eerdere versies van deze pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pogrom"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogrom&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogrom&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogrom&action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Pogrom" title="Lijst met alle pagina's die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Pogrom" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogrom&oldid=68675571" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogrom&action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&page=Pogrom&id=68675571&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPogrom"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPogrom"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Pogrom"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pogrom&action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogrom&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pogroms" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q177716" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-woordenboek" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="tpl_Woordenboek"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/pogrom" title="Zoek dit woord op in WikiWoordenboek"><img alt="Zoek dit woord op in WikiWoordenboek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Ekaterinoslav1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ekaterinoslav1905.jpg/260px-Ekaterinoslav1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Ekaterinoslav1905.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="189" /></a><figcaption>Slachtoffers, vooral joodse kinderen, van een pogrom<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Dnipro_(stad)" title="Dnipro (stad)">Jekaterinoslav</a> in 1905</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Farhud_mass_grave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Farhud_mass_grave.jpg/260px-Farhud_mass_grave.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Farhud_mass_grave.jpg/390px-Farhud_mass_grave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Farhud_mass_grave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="295" /></a><figcaption>Massagraf voor de slachtoffers van de <a href="/wiki/Farhud" title="Farhud">Farhud</a>, een Iraakse pogrom in 1942</figcaption></figure> <p>Het woord <b>pogrom</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch">Russisch</a>: погром; <i>pogróm</i> van громить: vernietigen, verwoesten) wordt gebruikt voor gewelddadige aanvallen op bepaalde groepen; etnisch, religieus of andere soorten, die vooral worden gekarakteriseerd door de vernietiging van hun omgeving (huizen, bedrijven, religieuze centra). Vaak gaan pogroms vergezeld met fysiek geweld tegen en zelfs moord op een bevolkingsgroep met de bedoeling om die groep te intimideren en zodoende te verdrijven of te dwingen zich te <a href="/wiki/Culturele_assimilatie" title="Culturele assimilatie">assimileren</a> met de omgeving. </p><p>Het <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Russische</a> woord "pogrom" duidde een georganiseerde, in tijd beperkte, aanval op de bevolking van een stad of dorp aan. Deze vonden met name plaats in Oekraïne tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Russische_Burgeroorlog" title="Russische Burgeroorlog">Russische Burgeroorlog</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Nederland is deze term sindsdien gewoonlijk gebruikt om er een <a href="/wiki/Razzia" title="Razzia">razzia</a> tegen Joden mee aan te duiden. Dergelijke aanvallen in de voorgaande tijden worden nu ook met deze term aangeduid. Het is geen synoniem voor elke vorm van achteruitstelling van de Joden. In de 20e eeuw zijn er tijdens en na de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog">Tweede Wereldoorlog</a> onder meer pogroms geweest in <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Oekraïne">Oekraïne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marokko" title="Marokko">Marokko</a> en in <a href="/wiki/Nazi-Duitsland" title="Nazi-Duitsland">nazi-Duitsland</a>. </p><p>Soms vond de overheid de pogroms een goede uitlaatklep voor het volk, omdat ze de aandacht van de slechte economische toestand afleidden. Een voorbeeld hiervan zijn de pogroms die in 1881-1884, 1893-1894 en 1904-1905 plaatsvonden in <a href="/wiki/Keizerrijk_Rusland" title="Keizerrijk Rusland">tsaristisch Rusland</a>. Daarbij kwamen enkele duizenden Joden om het leven.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sage_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sage-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De daardoor gewekte schrik bewoog enkele honderdduizenden Joden ertoe om naar de Verenigde Staten te emigreren. Veel bloediger nog waren evenwel de jodenvervolgingen die in de <a href="/wiki/Russische_Burgeroorlog" title="Russische Burgeroorlog">Russische Burgeroorlog</a> in Zuid-Rusland en <a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Oekraïne">Oekraïne</a> werden aangericht door de <a href="/wiki/Witten_(leger)" title="Witten (leger)">Witten</a>: daarbij kwamen meer dan 100.000 Joden om het leven.<sup id="cite_ref-sage_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sage-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Voor van overheidswege georganiseerde moordpartijen zoals de <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> wordt het woord "pogrom" niet gebruikt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_de_geschiedenis">In de geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogrom&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: In de geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogrom&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: In de geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Onderstaand overzicht geeft een selectieve en eenzijdige opsomming van gewelddaden in de menselijke geschiedenis. De reden om ongeregeldheden, een oproer, opstand of aanslag als "pogrom" te betitelen is vaak gebaseerd op de eigen visie, niet onderbouwd of bronnen ontbreken ervoor. </p> <ul><li>De eerste bekende pogrom wordt beschreven in het <a href="/wiki/Esther_(boek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Esther (boek)">Bijbelboek Esther</a>. Hierin staat dat tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Babylonische_ballingschap" title="Babylonische ballingschap">Babylonische ballingschap</a> door koning Ahasveros een wet werd gemaakt dat op de dertiende dag van de maand adar de Joden zouden worden uitgeroeid. Voordat het zo ver was, werd het de Joden echter geoorloofd zich tegen hun aanvallers te verweren. Dit werd hierdoor een Joodse feestdag.</li> <li>1033: In het islamitische <a href="/wiki/Fez_(stad)" title="Fez (stad)">Fez</a> in Marokko vond in 1033 een pogrom plaats met duizenden Joodse doden. In 1276<sup id="cite_ref-111-123_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111-123-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> werden in dezelfde stad opnieuw Joden vermoord.</li> <li>1066: De eerste grote pogrom op Europese bodem was in 1066 in <a href="/wiki/Granada_(stad)" title="Granada (stad)">Granada</a> in <a href="/wiki/Andalusi%C3%AB" title="Andalusië">Andalusië</a>. Moslims moordden toen het grootste deel van de Joodse gemeenschap uit met enkele duizenden doden als gevolg. De Joodse vizier Joseph ibn Naghrela werd gekruisigd en de Joodse wijk verwoest. In 1011 was er in <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spanje)" title="Córdoba (Spanje)">Córdoba</a> al een kleinere islamitische pogrom geweest.</li> <li>1096: Bij het begin van de <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Kruistocht" title="Eerste Kruistocht">Eerste Kruistocht</a>, werden onder meer bloedbaden aangericht bij de Joodse gemeenten van <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a> en <a href="/wiki/Worms_(stad)" title="Worms (stad)">Worms</a>.</li> <li>1189: Massamoorden op Engelse Joden voorafgaande aan de <a href="/wiki/Derde_Kruistocht" title="Derde Kruistocht">Derde Kruistocht</a>.</li> <li>1291: Pogroms in <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a> en omstreken, waarbij zeker enkele honderden Joden gedood werden.</li> <li>1298 : Zogenaamde <i>Rintfleisch-Pogrom</i> in Zuidwest-Duitsland, begonnen eind april, te <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6ttingen" title="Röttingen">Röttingen</a>, na een vermeende <a href="/wiki/Hostie" title="Hostie">hostie</a>-schending; wellicht vier- à vijfduizend Joden komen uiteindelijk om, onder wie alle Joden uit <a href="/wiki/Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber" title="Rothenburg ob der Tauber">Rothenburg ob der Tauber</a>. De pogrom herhaalde zich in 1336 in dezelfde gebieden, op iets kleinere schaal, bij de zgn. <i>Armledererhebung</i>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Herdenkingsbord_Born_1309.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Herdenkingsbord_Born_1309.jpg/260px-Herdenkingsbord_Born_1309.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Herdenkingsbord_Born_1309.jpg/390px-Herdenkingsbord_Born_1309.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Herdenkingsbord_Born_1309.jpg/520px-Herdenkingsbord_Born_1309.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Bord bij <a href="/wiki/Kasteel_Born" title="Kasteel Born">Kasteel Born</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1309: In het Zuid-Limburgse <a href="/wiki/Born_(Nederland)" title="Born (Nederland)">Born</a> werden 110 Joodse vluchtelingen uit Sittard en Susteren vermoord in een pogrom. De Joden hadden hun toevlucht gezocht in het kasteel omdat ze daar veilig dachten te zijn. Dat bleek niet zo te zijn: de Joden werden vermoord en het kasteel in brand gestoken. Het was de eerste massamoord op Joden op het huidig Nederlands grondgebied.</li> <li>1348-1349: Na de <a href="/wiki/Epidemie" title="Epidemie">pestepidemie</a> van 1346-48 kwam het ook in grote delen van Europa tot pogroms. In 1348 en 1349 werden onder meer de Joodse gemeenschappen van <a href="/wiki/Brussel_(stad)" title="Brussel (stad)">Brussel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zutphen_(stad)" title="Zutphen (stad)">Zutphen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bazel_(Zwitserland)" title="Bazel (Zwitserland)">Bazel</a> en <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a> vernietigd. Dit was de tijd dat veel West-Europese Joden naar <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Polen" title="Geschiedenis van Polen">Polen</a> vluchtten, waar ze toen welkom waren. Dit is de oorsprong van de Joodse gemeenschappen in Polen en Oost-Europa. Hierna maakten deze gemeenschappen tijd lang een grote bloei door (zie ook <a href="/wiki/Joods_vestigingsgebied_in_het_Russische_Keizerrijk" title="Joods vestigingsgebied in het Russische Keizerrijk">Joods vestigingsgebied in het Russische Keizerrijk</a>).</li> <li>1465: Joodse gemeenschap van <a href="/wiki/Fez_(stad)" title="Fez (stad)">Fez</a> bijna volledig uitgeroeid.<sup id="cite_ref-111-123_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111-123-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1506: Paaspogrom van <a href="/wiki/Lissabon" title="Lissabon">Lissabon</a>, opgeroepen door twee <a href="/wiki/Dominicanen" title="Dominicanen">Dominicaner</a> monniken. In drie dagen zijn er tussen 2000 - 4000 Joden vermoord door een dol geworden menigte waarbij zich veel zeelieden van Hollandse, Zeeuwse en Franse afkomst aangesloten hebben.</li> <li>1679: Pogrom met daarna de verdrijving van 10.000 Joden uit <a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sanaa</a> (Jemen) naar de woestijn van Tihama. Slechts duizend kwamen levend terug.</li> <li>1790: Pogrom van <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9touan" title="Tétouan">Tétouan</a>, Marokko. Hierbij vielen zes tot acht doden bij de Joden.</li> <li>1819: De "Hep-Hep-rellen" in Duitsland.</li> <li>1821, 1859, 1871, 1881 en 1886: Pogroms in <a href="/wiki/Odessa_(stad)" title="Odessa (stad)">Odessa</a>. De eerste pogroms gingen uit van etnische Grieken en waren tegen Joden gericht. Vanaf 1871 nam ook de Russische bevolking deel aan de pogroms.<sup id="cite_ref-Parkansky_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parkansky-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1834: <a href="/wiki/Pogrom_van_Safed_(1834)" title="Pogrom van Safed (1834)">Pogrom in Safed</a> in Palestina waarbij naar schatting 500 Joden werden vermoord.</li> <li>1881-1884: Pogroms in Rusland volgend op de moord op tsaar <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_van_Rusland" title="Alexander II van Rusland">Alexander II</a>. In meer dan tweehonderd plaatsen gericht tegen Joden, waaronder <a href="/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev">Kiev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kropyvnytsky" title="Kropyvnytsky">Kropyvnytsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odessa_(stad)" title="Odessa (stad)">Odessa</a> en <a href="/wiki/Warschau" title="Warschau">Warschau</a>.</li> <li>1888: Massamoorden op de Joden in <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a> en <a href="/wiki/Shiraz_(Iran)" title="Shiraz (Iran)">Shiraz</a>, Iran.</li> <li>1903-1906: Golf van pogroms in Rusland, waarbij de Joden in 64 steden werden aangevallen. De bloedigste pogrom vond plaats in <a href="/wiki/Odessa_(stad)" title="Odessa (stad)">Odessa</a>, waar tussen 400 en 2500 Joden om het leven kwamen.<sup id="cite_ref-Parkansky_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parkansky-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Golda_Me%C3%AFr" title="Golda Meïr">Golda Meïr</a>, de latere <a href="/wiki/Isra%C3%ABl" title="Israël">Israëlische</a> premier, heeft in haar jeugd de pogrom in Odessa meegemaakt. Deze ervaring heeft haar voor de rest van haar leven getekend. De pogrom in <a href="/wiki/Chisinau" title="Chisinau">Kisjinev</a> werd ook internationaal bekend. In de musical <i><a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a></i> komt zo'n pogrom voor.</li> <li>1907: Pogrom van <a href="/wiki/Casablanca_(stad)" title="Casablanca (stad)">Casablanca</a> in Marokko. Plundering en vernietiging van het Joodse getto. Hierbij vallen ongeveer 30 doden.</li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/Pogrom_van_Shiraz" title="Pogrom van Shiraz">Pogrom van Shiraz</a>, Iran. Er kwamen twaalf Joden om het leven en er vielen 50 gewonden.</li> <li>1912: Pogrom van <a href="/wiki/Fez_(stad)" title="Fez (stad)">Fez</a>, Marokko met ongeveer 60 doden.</li> <li>1919: Pogrom tijdens de Argentijnse Tragische Week, waar Joden en <a href="/wiki/Catalanen" title="Catalanen">Catalanen</a> lukraak werden aangevallen. De redenen zijn niet duidelijk en er zou kunnen worden gewezen op de invloed van het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaanse_nationalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spaanse nationalisme (de pagina bestaat niet)">Spaanse nationalisme</a>, dat de Catalanen in die tijd kwalificeerde als Semitische etniciteit.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1919-1920: Pogroms in Oekraïne. Tijdens de burgeroorlog komen tussen 35.000 en 50.000 Joden om het leven bij diverse pogroms. Ze waren vooral het werk van het Russische <a href="/wiki/Witte_Leger" class="mw-redirect" title="Witte Leger">Witte Leger</a>, maar ook van de <a href="/wiki/Bolsjewiek" title="Bolsjewiek">Bolsjewieken</a> en de regering van de Oekraïense nationalistische leider <a href="/wiki/Symon_Petljoera" title="Symon Petljoera">Symon Petljoera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Paustovski" title="Konstantin Paustovski">Konstantin Paustovski</a> beschrijft in het derde deel van zijn memoires deze pogroms en plunderingen. Petljoera werd in ballingschap in Parijs op 25 mei 1926 vermoord door Sholom Schwartzbard.</li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Bloedbad_van_Hebron_(1929)" title="Bloedbad van Hebron (1929)">Pogroms in Hebron</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en <a href="/wiki/Pogrom_van_Safed_(1929)" title="Pogrom van Safed (1929)">Safed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandaatgebied_Palestina" title="Mandaatgebied Palestina">Palestina</a>, met respectievelijk 67 en achttien tot twintig doden.</li> <li>1934: Door overheid bekrachtigde anti-Joodse pogroms in het Turks <a href="/wiki/Oost-Thraci%C3%AB" title="Oost-Thracië">Oost-Thracië</a>. Rond 15.000 Joden verdreven uit de regio.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1938: De <a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Reichskristallnacht</a> was een dagendurende pogrom. Tijdens de Kristallnacht werden 92 Joden vermoord.</li> <li>1941: <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunaspogrom</a>: 25-29 juni. Op 27 juni 1941 werden door Litouwse nationalisten vele tientallen Joden vermoord op een plaats genaamd Lietūkisgarage. De slachtoffers werd met een metalen staaf de schedel ingeslagen.</li> <li>1941: De zogenaamde <a href="/wiki/Farhud" title="Farhud">Farhud</a> in Bagdad, Irak. Zeker 600 Joden werden vermoord en minstens 12.000 woningen werden geplunderd.</li> <li>1946: Na de Tweede Wereldoorlog vond in 1946 in <a href="/wiki/Pogrom_van_Kielce" title="Pogrom van Kielce">Kielce</a> in Polen de laatste pogrom binnen Europa plaats. Hierbij verloren 41 Joden het leven.</li> <li>1948: Na het uitroepen van de staat Israël in 1948 vonden in de Arabische wereld veel pogroms plaats. In Aden kwamen 80 Joden om het leven (<a href="/wiki/Pogrom_van_Aden" title="Pogrom van Aden">Pogrom van Aden</a>), in <a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%AFro_(stad)" title="Caïro (stad)">Caïro</a> meer dan 70, in Marokko 44, in Syrië zeventig en in Libië een onbekend aantal. Dit leidde tot een <a href="/wiki/Joodse_vluchtelingen_uit_de_Arabische_wereld" title="Joodse vluchtelingen uit de Arabische wereld">golf van vluchtelingen uit de Arabische wereld naar Israël</a>. De laatste pogrom in Marokko was die in 1954 in <a href="/wiki/Sidi_Kacem" title="Sidi Kacem">Sidi Kacem</a> met twaalf doden.</li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Pogrom_van_Istanboel" class="mw-redirect" title="Pogrom van Istanboel">Pogrom van Istanboel</a> tegen de Griekse minderheid, maar in mindere mate ook tegen Armeniërs en Joden gericht.</li> <li>2023: De <a href="/wiki/Hamas-aanval_in_Isra%C3%ABl_2023" title="Hamas-aanval in Israël 2023">Hamas-aanval in Israël 2023</a> op 7 oktober is sindsdien in verschillende media als pogrom betiteld.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ruimer_gebruik_van_de_term">Ruimer gebruik van de term</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogrom&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ruimer gebruik van de term" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogrom&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ruimer gebruik van de term"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tegenwoordig wordt het woord "pogrom" steeds vaker in een ruimere zin gebruikt voor alle bloedige onlusten met een duidelijk etnische dimensie, bijvoorbeeld de vervolging van <a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%ABrs" title="Armeniërs">Armeniërs</a> in het <a href="/wiki/Ottomaanse_Rijk" title="Ottomaanse Rijk">Ottomaanse Rijk</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> de <a href="/wiki/Pogrom_van_Istanboel" class="mw-redirect" title="Pogrom van Istanboel">Pogrom van Istanboel</a> gericht tegen de in die stad wonende Grieken in 1955, de <a href="/wiki/Etnische_zuivering" title="Etnische zuivering">etnische zuiveringen</a> in de landen van het voormalige <a href="/wiki/Joegoslavi%C3%AB" title="Joegoslavië">Joegoslavië</a>, vervolgingen van <a href="/wiki/Moslim" title="Moslim">moslims</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en <a href="/wiki/Sikh" title="Sikh">sikhs</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in India, vervolgingen van Chinezen in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodja" title="Cambodja">Cambodja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Indonesië">Indonesië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maleisi%C3%AB" title="Maleisië">Maleisië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> en dergelijke en de vervolging van Tutsi's door Hutu's in Rwanda.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Begin december 2008 bezigde <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Ehud Olmert</a> de term pogrom om het geweld uit onvrede over een ontruiming van nederzettingen door religieuze <a href="/wiki/Joden" title="Joden">Joden</a> op de <a href="/wiki/Westelijke_Jordaanoever" title="Westelijke Jordaanoever">Westelijke Jordaanoever</a> tegen de Arabische bevolking te beschrijven. <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Ehud Olmert</a>: “In de staat Israël zullen geen pogroms tegen niet-joodse inwoners plaatsvinden”.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linkse Israëlische media noemen de aanval van Joodse kolonisten op de Arabische bevolking van Huwara op 26 februari 2023 een pogrom.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Israëlische minister van financiën, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezalel_Smotrich" class="extiw" title="en:Bezalel Smotrich">Bezalel Smotrich</a>, zei op 1 maart 2023 dat Israël de Palestijnse stad Huwara op de Westelijke Jordaanoever moet "wegvagen".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150826232846/http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/eng_captions/36-6.html">Beyond the Pale; The History of Jews in the Russian Empire</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Woordenboekdefinitie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gtb.inl.nl/iWDB/search?actie=article&wdb=WNT&id=M055046">Pogrom</a> in het <i>Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lloyd P. Gartner (2001), <i>History of the Jews in Modern Times</i>, Oxford University Press p. 247</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sage-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-sage_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sage_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Frederick F. Wherry, Juliet B. Schor (2015), <i>The SAGE Encyclopedia of Economics and Society</i>, p. 115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oleg Budnitskii (2012), <i>Russian Jews Between the Reds and the Whites, 1917-1920</i>, University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 217</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111-123-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-111-123_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-111-123_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">N.A. Stillman. 1978. <i>The Moroccan jewish experience: a revisionist view</i>. Jerusalem Quarterly 9: 111-123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parkansky-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Parkansky_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parkansky_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ariel Parkansky: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006071451/http://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/odessa/LIF_violence.asp">Anti-Semitism and Pogroms</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Llaudó Avila, Eduard. <i>Racisme i supremacisme polítics a l'Espanya contemporània</i>. 7a. Manresa: Parcir, 2021. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9788418849107" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9788418849107">ISBN 9788418849107</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Orest Subtelny <i>Ukraine. A History</i>. Tweede editie, 1994. p. 363</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael J. Cohen (2014): <i>Britain's Moment in Palestine: Retrospect and Perspectives, 1917-1948</i>, Routledge</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Corry Guttstadt (2008): <i>Die Türkei, die Juden und der Holocaust.</i> Assoziation A, Berlin, p. 186–193</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100513231923/http://www.armeensegenocide.info/vergeten_genocide.html">Armeense genocide / de "vergeten" genocide</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927063017/http://www.indianet.nl/in-pogr.html">Ayodhya en de keuze van de BJP: Pogroms in het land van de Mahatma</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101128004150/http://panthic.org/articles/5162">INDIA'S 25 YEARS LONG CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY REMEMBERING THE NEARLY 10,000 SIKHS</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050117182046/http://www.vmcaa.nl/genocide/nederlands/infocentrum/rwanda_index_midden.html">Genocide - infocentrum</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090626221545/http://www.volkskrant.nl/buitenland/article1105094.ece/Olmert_schaamt_zich_voor_pogroms_tegen_Palestijnen">https://web.archive.org/web/20090626221545/http://www.volkskrant.nl/buitenland/article1105094.ece/Olmert_schaamt_zich_voor_pogroms_tegen_Palestijnen</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181113165703/https://www.smh.com.au/world/settlers-attack-palestinian-village-20080915-gdsuyu.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20181113165703/https://www.smh.com.au/world/settlers-attack-palestinian-village-20080915-gdsuyu.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210125539/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7770384.stm">https://web.archive.org/web/20230210125539/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7770384.stm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.volkskrant.nl/kijkverder/v/2023/in-hawara-is-de-haat-van-de-kolonisten-op-elke-straathoek-te-zien~v672521/">https://www.volkskrant.nl/kijkverder/v/2023/in-hawara-is-de-haat-van-de-kolonisten-op-elke-straathoek-te-zien~v672521/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318123939/https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-should-wipe-out-palestinian-town-of-huwara-says-senior-minister-smotrich">https://web.archive.org/web/20230318123939/https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-should-wipe-out-palestinian-town-of-huwara-says-senior-minister-smotrich</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230302154146/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/israel-finance-minister-bezalel-smotrich-hawara-erased-west-bank-rcna72871">https://web.archive.org/web/20230302154146/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/israel-finance-minister-bezalel-smotrich-hawara-erased-west-bank-rcna72871</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pogroms#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pogroms">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pogroms#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pogroms">Pogroms</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <div class="interProject wiktionary mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/pogrom" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/pogrom">WikiWoordenboek</a></div><div class="interProjectTemplate"></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pogrom&oldid=68675571">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pogrom&oldid=68675571</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pogrom" title="Categorie:Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 2 jan 2025 om 10:23.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. Zie de <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/nl">gebruiksvoorwaarden</a> voor meer informatie.<br /> Wikipedia® is een geregistreerd handelsmerk van de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, een organisatie zonder winstoogmerk.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacybeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia">Over Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Algemeen_voorbehoud">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragscode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/nl.wikipedia.org">Statistieken</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//nl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pogrom&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobiele weergave</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pogrom</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>66 talen</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Onderwerp toevoegen</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5677db8c84-gwthk","wgBackendResponseTime":136,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.080","walltime":"0.307","ppvisitednodes":{"value":551,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":2623,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":499,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":11274,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 60.992 1 -total"," 46.95% 28.636 1 Sjabloon:Commonscat"," 41.51% 25.317 1 Sjabloon:Zusterproject_box"," 39.35% 24.002 1 Sjabloon:Appendix"," 35.38% 21.576 1 Sjabloon:References"," 13.88% 8.465 2 Sjabloon:First_non_empty"," 13.50% 8.236 1 Sjabloon:Woordenboek"," 7.25% 4.421 2 Sjabloon:InterProject"," 4.23% 2.580 2 Sjabloon:PAGENAMEBASE"," 3.10% 1.891 1 Sjabloon:ISBN"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.005","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":690095,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7fd96bd568-xmvbc","timestamp":"20250316170309","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Pogrom","url":"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pogrom","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q177716","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q177716","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bijdragers aan Wikimedia-projecten"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-01-08T09:45:32Z","dateModified":"2025-01-02T09:23:17Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b7\/Ekaterinoslav1905.jpg","headline":"gewelddadige aanvallen op bepaalde groepen"}</script> </body> </html>