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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh">资助维基百科</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"> 创建账号</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"> 登录</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息">了解详情</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y">贡献</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 历史 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关历史子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-史前时期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#史前时期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 史前时期 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-史前时期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-远古至古典时代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#远古至古典时代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 远古至古典时代 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-远古至古典时代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中世至近世" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中世至近世"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 中世至近世 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中世至近世-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-英治时期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#英治时期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 英治时期 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-英治时期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-独立后" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#独立后"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 独立后 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-独立后-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 地理 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-地理-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关地理子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-地理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-气候" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#气候"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 气候 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-气候-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生态" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生态"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 生态 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生态-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-行政区划" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#行政区划"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 行政区划 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-行政区划-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-社会" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#社会"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 社会 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-社会-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关社会子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-社会-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-人口" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人口"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 人口 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人口-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-语言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 语言 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-语言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-治安" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#治安"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 治安 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-治安-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-教育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 教育 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-医疗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#医疗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 医疗 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-医疗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政治" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政治"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 政治 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政治-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-经济" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#经济"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 经济 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-经济-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-交通" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#交通"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 交通 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-交通-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 文化 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关文化子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-文学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 文学 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-音乐和舞蹈" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音乐和舞蹈"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 音乐和舞蹈 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音乐和舞蹈-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-节庆" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#节庆"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 节庆 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-节庆-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-饮食" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#饮食"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 饮食 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-饮食-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-体育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#体育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 体育 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-体育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-旅游" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#旅游"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 旅游 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-旅游-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 参见 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 参考文献 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 外部链接 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">北方邦</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。124种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-124" aria-hidden="true" > 124种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A1%E1%89%B0%E1%88%AD_%E1%8D%95%E1%88%A8%E1%8B%B4%E1%88%BD" title="ኡተር ፕረዴሽ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኡተር ፕረዴሽ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उत्तर प्रदेश – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="उत्तर प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="أتر برديش – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أتر برديش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6" title="উত্তৰ প্ৰদেশ – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উত্তৰ প্ৰদেশ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उत्तर प्रदेश – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="उत्तर प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar-Prade%C5%9F" title="Uttar-Pradeş – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Uttar-Pradeş" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4" title="اوتار پرادش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوتار پرادش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%88" title="Утар-Прадэш – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Утар-Прадэш" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%88" title="Утар-Прадэш – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Утар-Прадэш" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Утар Прадеш – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Утар Прадеш" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उत्तर प्रदेश – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="उत्तर प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6" title="উত্তরপ্রদেশ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উত্তরপ্রদেশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6" title="উত্তর প্রদেশ – 比什奴普萊利亞文" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="উত্তর প্রদেশ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="比什奴普萊利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Уттар-Прадеш – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Уттар-Прадеш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarprad%C3%A9%C5%A1" title="Uttarpradéš – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Uttarpradéš" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उत्तर प्रदेश – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="उत्तर प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%AA%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%8C%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA_%DE%95%DE%B0%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%8B%DE%AD%DE%9D%DE%B0" title="އުއްތަރު ޕްރަދޭޝް – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އުއްތަރު ޕްރަދޭޝް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81_%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%82" title="Ούταρ Πραντές – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ούταρ Πραντές" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utar-Prade%C5%9Do" title="Utar-Pradeŝo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Utar-Pradeŝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4" title="اوتار پرادش – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوتار پرادش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उत्तर प्रदेश – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="उत्तर प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%89%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%B0_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B6" title="ઉત્તર પ્રદેશ – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઉત્તર પ્રદેશ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A9" title="אוטר פרדש – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוטר פרדש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उत्तर प्रदेश – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उत्तर प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Prades" title="Uttar Prades – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Uttar Prades" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80_%D5%8A%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B7" title="Ուտար Պրադեշ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուտար Պրադեշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E5%B7%9E" title="ウッタル・プラデーシュ州 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウッタル・プラデーシュ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="უტარ-პრადეში – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უტარ-პრადეში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B6" title="ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%94%84%EB%9D%BC%EB%8D%B0%EC%8B%9C%EC%A3%BC" title="우타르프라데시주 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우타르프라데시주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%84%D8%AA%D9%8F%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%8E%D9%9B%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="وۄتُر پرَٛدیش – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="وۄتُر پرَٛدیش" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttara_Prade%C5%9Ba" title="Uttara Pradeśa – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Uttara Pradeśa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utar_Prade%C5%A1as" title="Utar Pradešas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Utar Pradešas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utarprad%C4%93%C5%A1a" title="Utarpradēša – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Utarpradēša" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उत्तर प्रदेश – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="उत्तर प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Утар Прадеш – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Утар Прадеш" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%BC%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D" title="ഉത്തർ‌പ്രദേശ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉത്തർ‌പ്രദേശ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Уттар Прадеш – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уттар Прадеш" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8E%EA%AF%A0%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%94_%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81" title="ꯎꯠꯇꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯦꯁ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯎꯠꯇꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯦꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उत्तर प्रदेश – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="उत्तर प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A5%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ဥတ္တရပဒေသပြည်နယ် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဥတ္တရပဒေသပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4" title="اوتار پرادش – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اوتار پرادش" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उत्तर प्रदेश – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उत्तर प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="उत्तरप्रदेश – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="उत्तरप्रदेश" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B6" title="ଉତ୍ତର ପ୍ରଦେଶ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉତ୍ତର ପ୍ରଦେଶ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Уттар-Прадеш – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Уттар-Прадеш" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਉੱਤਰ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉੱਤਰ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8F%D8%AA%D9%91%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="اُتّر پردیش – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اُتّر پردیش" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="اتر پرديش – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اتر پرديش" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utar_Pradexe" title="Utar Pradexe – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Utar Pradexe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Уттар-Прадеш – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уттар-Прадеш" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="उत्तरप्रदेशराज्यम् – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="उत्तरप्रदेशराज्यम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Уттар Прадыш – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Уттар Прадыш" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="اتر پرديش – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اتر پرديش" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utar_Prade%C5%A1" title="Utar Pradeš – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Utar Pradeš" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A" title="උත්තර් ප්‍රදේශ් – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උත්තර් ප්‍රදේශ්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarprad%C3%A9%C5%A1" title="Uttarpradéš – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Uttarpradéš" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="اتر پردیش – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="اتر پردیش" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Утар Прадеш – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Утар Прадеш" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="உத்தரப் பிரதேசம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உத்தரப் பிரதேசம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B6" title="ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶ – 圖盧文" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="圖盧文" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D" title="ఉత్తర ప్రదేశ్ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉత్తర ప్రదేశ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Уттар Прадеш – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Уттар Прадеш" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="รัฐอุตตรประเทศ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐอุตตรประเทศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Prade%C5%9F" title="Uttar Pradeş – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uttar Pradeş" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Уттар-Прадеш – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Уттар-Прадеш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Уттар-Прадеш – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Уттар-Прадеш" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="اتر پردیش – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اتر پردیش" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar-Pradesh" title="Uttar-Pradesh – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Uttar-Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6" title="北方邦 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="北方邦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="უტარ-პრადეში – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="უტარ-პრადეში" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A9" title="אוטאר פראדעש – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אוטאר פראדעש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Uttar Pradesh" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6" title="北方邦 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="北方邦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1498#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="地理坐标">坐标</a>：<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&params=26.85_N_80.91_E_region:IN-UP_type:adm1st">26°51′N 80°55′E / 26.85°N 80.91°E / 26.85; 80.91</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div 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.infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap">北方邦</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><a 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data-file-height="3000" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:73px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayodhya_Ram_Mandir_Inauguration_Day_Picture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Ayodhya_Ram_Mandir_Inauguration_Day_Picture.jpg/127px-Ayodhya_Ram_Mandir_Inauguration_Day_Picture.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Ayodhya_Ram_Mandir_Inauguration_Day_Picture.jpg/191px-Ayodhya_Ram_Mandir_Inauguration_Day_Picture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Ayodhya_Ram_Mandir_Inauguration_Day_Picture.jpg/254px-Ayodhya_Ram_Mandir_Inauguration_Day_Picture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="896" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:109px;max-width:109px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:73px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Kumbh_Mela2001.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Kumbh_Mela2001.JPG/107px-Kumbh_Mela2001.JPG" decoding="async" width="107" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Kumbh_Mela2001.JPG/161px-Kumbh_Mela2001.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Kumbh_Mela2001.JPG/214px-Kumbh_Mela2001.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5088" data-file-height="3509" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:148px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Agra_03-2016_10_Agra_Fort.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Agra_03-2016_10_Agra_Fort.jpg/238px-Agra_03-2016_10_Agra_Fort.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Agra_03-2016_10_Agra_Fort.jpg/357px-Agra_03-2016_10_Agra_Fort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Agra_03-2016_10_Agra_Fort.jpg/476px-Agra_03-2016_10_Agra_Fort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5348" data-file-height="3343" /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div>从上至下、从左至右：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%A7%AC%E9%99%B5" title="泰姬陵">泰姬陵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E9%87%8E%E8%8B%91" title="鹿野苑">鹿野苑</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="瓦拉纳西">瓦拉纳西</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BA%A6%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9A" title="阿约提亚">阿约提亚</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%91%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%BA%99" title="罗摩神庙">罗摩神庙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%9A%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%90%89" title="普拉亚格拉吉">普拉亚格拉吉</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A3%BA%E7%AF%80" title="大壺節">大壶节</a>庆典、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%A0%A1" title="阿格拉堡">阿格拉堡</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84040992">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Uttar_Pradesh.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="北方邦官方圖章"><img alt="北方邦徽章" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Seal_of_Uttar_Pradesh.svg/125px-Seal_of_Uttar_Pradesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Seal_of_Uttar_Pradesh.svg/188px-Seal_of_Uttar_Pradesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Seal_of_Uttar_Pradesh.svg/250px-Seal_of_Uttar_Pradesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="478" /></a> 徽章</div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">格言：“<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E7%9C%9F%E7%90%86%E5%BE%97%E5%8B%9D" title="唯真理得勝">唯真理得勝</a>”</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/File:IN-UP.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="北方邦在印度的位置"><img alt="北方邦在印度的位置" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/IN-UP.svg/300px-IN-UP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/IN-UP.svg/450px-IN-UP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/IN-UP.svg/600px-IN-UP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="583" /></a> 北方邦在印度的位置</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">坐标：<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&params=26.85_N_80.91_E_region:IN-UP_type:adm1st">26°51′N 80°55′E / 26.85°N 80.91°E / 26.85; 80.91</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">国家</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="印度行政区划">分区</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8" title="印度北部">印度北部</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="height:0px"></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">前身</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E7%9C%81_(1937%E2%80%931950)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合省 (1937–1950)（页面不存在）">联合省</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Provinces_(1937%E2%80%931950)" class="extiw" title="en:United Provinces (1937–1950)">United Provinces (1937–1950)</a>）</td></tr><tr class="[[:联合省 (1937–1950)|联合省]]（英语：-{[[:en:United Provinces (1937–1950)|United Provinces (1937–1950)]]}-） mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">成立</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1950年1月24日<a href="#cite_note-UPDay-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%90%84%E9%82%A6%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%9B%B4%E8%BE%96%E5%8C%BA%E9%A6%96%E5%BA%9C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="印度各邦和中央直辖区首府列表">首府</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%9A%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="印度最多人口的城市列表">及最大城市</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E7%91%99" title="勒克瑙">勒克瑙</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%8E%BF%E7%BA%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="印度县级行政区划">县</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="北方邦行政区划">75县（18专区）</a><a href="#cite_note-districts-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-list_of_district-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">政府</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 行政机构</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="">北方邦政府</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">立法机关</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">两院制</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 上院</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北方邦立法会（页面不存在）">北方邦立法会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Council" class="extiw" title="en:Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council">Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council</a>） （100席）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 下院</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北方邦立法院（页面不存在）">北方邦立法院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" class="extiw" title="en:Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly</a>） （403席）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">国家议会</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="印度议会">印度议会</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E9%99%A2_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)" title="联邦院 (印度)">联邦院</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">31席</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E9%99%A2_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)" title="人民院 (印度)">人民院</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">80席</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">最高法院</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%8B%89%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安拉阿巴德最高法院（页面不存在）">安拉阿巴德最高法院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allahabad_High_Court" class="extiw" title="en:Allahabad High Court">Allahabad High Court</a>）</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">面积</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 总计</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">243,286 平方公里（93,933 平方英里）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">面积排名</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">第4位</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">尺寸</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 长度</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">650 千米（400 英里）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 宽度</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">240 千米（150 英里）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">海拔<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">300 公尺（1,000 英尺）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">最高海拔 （<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%93%A6%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" title="西瓦利克山脈">西瓦利克山脈</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">957 公尺（3,140 英尺）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">人口（2021）</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 總計</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">▲ 241,066,874人 </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 排名</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="印度行政区人口列表">第1位</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="人口密度">密度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1,001人/平方公里（2,590人/平方英里）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 城市</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">22.27%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 农村</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">77.73%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">语言</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="印度官方语言列表">官方语言</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="印地语">印地语</a><a href="#cite_note-2011lang-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="印度官方语言列表">额外官方语言</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="乌尔都语">乌尔都语</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 官方文字</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9F%8E%E6%96%87" title="天城文">天城文</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="国内生产总值">GDP</a><a href="#cite_note-UP_budjet-7">[7]</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 总计 (2022–2023)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">▲ 24.39万亿卢比（2,800亿美元） </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 排名</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">第2位</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 人均</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">▲ 105000卢比（1,200美元）（第28位） </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E5%8C%BA" title="时区">时区</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" title="印度標準時間">IST</a>（<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:30" title="UTC+05:30">UTC+05:30</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166码</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style=""><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:IN" title="ISO 3166-2:IN">IN-UP</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">车辆登记号</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">UP</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="人类发展指数">HDI</a> （2018）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">▼ 0.600 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83933911">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>中<a href="#cite_note-snhdi-gdl-8">[8]</a> （<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%90%84%E9%82%A6%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="印度各邦人类发展指数列表">第35位</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%98%E5%AD%97" title="識字">识字率</a> （2011）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">▲ 67.68%<a href="#cite_note-pc-census2011-9">[9]</a> （第29位） </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5%E6%AF%94" title="性別比">性別比</a> （2021）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1015 <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%8C%E6%80%A7" title="雌性">♀</a>/1000 <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%84%E6%80%A7" title="雄性">♂</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> （第19位）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">網站</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://up.gov.in">up.gov.in</a></td></tr></tbody></table> 北方邦（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="印地語">印地語</a>：उत्तर प्रदेश，羅馬化：Uttar Pradesh；<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="乌尔都语">乌尔都语</a>：<span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="波斯体" style="font-size: 125%; font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', Nafees, 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-style: normal;">اتر پردیش‬‎‎），<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8" title="印度北部">印度北部</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E9%82%A6%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%9B%B4%E8%BE%96%E5%8C%BA" title="印度的邦和中央直辖区">邦</a>，有2.41亿人口，是印度人口最多的邦，亦是世界人口最多的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%B4%9A%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="一級行政區">一級行政區</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a>，首府为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E7%91%99" title="勒克瑙">勒克瑙</a>。和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="尼泊爾">尼泊爾</a>接壤，毗鄰國內的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%98%BF%E5%9D%8E%E5%BE%B7%E9%82%A6" title="北阿坎德邦">北阿坎德邦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E9%A9%AC%E5%81%95%E5%B0%94%E9%82%A6" title="喜马偕尔邦">喜马偕尔邦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E7%BA%B3%E9%82%A6" title="哈里亚纳邦">哈里亚纳邦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E8%BE%96%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="德里国家首都辖区">德里国家首都辖区</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E9%82%A6" title="拉贾斯坦邦">拉贾斯坦邦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%82%A6" title="中央邦">中央邦</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E9%82%A6" title="比哈尔邦">比哈尔邦</a>。北方邦面積243,286平方公里，佔印度的7.34%，面積上是印度第四大邦。該邦分為18個分區和75個縣，首府為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E7%91%99" title="勒克瑙">勒克瑙</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="印地語">印地語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E9%83%BD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="烏爾都語">烏爾都語</a>是北方邦最廣泛使用的語言，也是官方語言。 北方邦成立於1937年4月1日，當時是英治期間的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%92%8C%E5%A5%A7%E5%BE%B7%E7%9C%81" title="阿格拉和奧德省">阿格拉和烏德聯合省</a>，並於1950年更名為北方邦。北方邦是印度的农业大邦，该邦的可耕地面积占总面积的82%，净播种面积占可耕地面积的68.5%<a href="#cite_note-Cultivation-12">[12]</a>。历史上，北方邦曾以蔗糖种植业闻名，而如今的经济格局则以服务业为主导，包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8" title="旅游">旅游业</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E5%BA%97" title="酒店">酒店业</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8A%A8%E4%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="不动产">不动产业</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E9%99%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="保险">保险业</a>、金融咨询业等。北方邦的地区生产总值排名印度第三位<a href="#cite_note-UP_budjet-7">[7]</a>。 北方邦是印度历史上多个主要王朝的发源地，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E9%9B%80%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="孔雀王朝">孔雀王朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%92%E6%97%A5%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="戒日王朝">戒日王朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%88%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="笈多王朝">笈多王朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="波罗王朝">波罗王朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B" title="德里蘇丹國">德里蘇丹國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%8D%A7%E5%84%BF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="莫卧儿帝国">莫卧儿帝国</a>，有着深厚的历史文化积淀。<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%B2%B3" title="恒河">恒河</a>及其支流<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A9%86%E7%BA%B3%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="亚穆纳河">亚穆纳河</a>在北方邦的<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%9A%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%90%89" title="普拉亚格拉吉">普拉亚格拉吉</a>交汇，是为印度教的圣地之一。全邦四分之三的人口为印度教徒，伊斯兰教为第二大教。北方邦有数座印度教圣城，以及负有盛名的历史名城，包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89" title="阿格拉">阿格拉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="阿里格尔">阿里格尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BA%A6%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9A" title="阿约提亚">阿约提亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%9B%B7%E5%88%A9" title="巴雷利">巴雷利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE" title="戈勒克布爾">戈勒克布爾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94" title="坎普尔">坎普尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%98%E5%B0%B8%E9%82%A3%E6%8F%AD%E7%BE%85" title="拘尸那揭羅">拘尸那揭羅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E7%91%99" title="勒克瑙">勒克瑙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%9B%BE%E6%8B%89" title="马图拉">马图拉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9" title="密拉特">密拉特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%9A%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%90%89" title="普拉亚格拉吉">普拉亚格拉吉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%8D%E8%A5%BF" title="瓦拉納西">瓦拉納西</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E6%9E%97%E8%BE%BE%E6%96%87" title="沃林达文">沃林达文</a>。邦内共有三处<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="印度世界遗产">世界遗产</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%A7%AC%E9%99%B5" title="泰姬陵">泰姬陵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%A0%A1" title="阿格拉堡">阿格拉堡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%B3%B0%E8%B5%AB%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C" title="法泰赫普尔西克里">法泰赫普尔西克里</a>。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史">历史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="史前时期">史前时期</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：史前时期">编辑</a>]</div> 自8.5万年前至7.2万年前，<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%BA%BA" title="早期现代人">早期现代人</a>在今日北方邦定居，以狩猎采集为生<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>，邦内的<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%94%E6%99%AE%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%8E" title="普拉塔普加尔城">普拉塔普加尔城</a>一带存有<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%9F" title="旧石器时代中期">旧石器时代中期</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F" title="旧石器时代晚期">晚期</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="中石器时代">中石器时代</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%A9%E7%8D%B5%E6%8E%A1%E9%9B%86" title="狩獵採集">狩猎采集</a>文明史迹遗存，距今已有2.1万至3.1万年历史<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>。早在公元前6000年，就出现了驯养牛羊的村落，兼有农业生产的迹象，这些村落在之后的公元前4000年到公元前1500年之间逐渐发展，经历了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="印度河流域文明">印度河流域文明</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="吠陀文化">吠陀文化</a>，一直延续到<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="铁器时代">铁器时代</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="远古至古典时代">远古至古典时代</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：远古至古典时代">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dhamek_Stupta_and_the_Ancient_Buddhist_Site_at_Sarnath.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Dhamek_Stupta_and_the_Ancient_Buddhist_Site_at_Sarnath.jpg/220px-Dhamek_Stupta_and_the_Ancient_Buddhist_Site_at_Sarnath.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Dhamek_Stupta_and_the_Ancient_Buddhist_Site_at_Sarnath.jpg/330px-Dhamek_Stupta_and_the_Ancient_Buddhist_Site_at_Sarnath.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Dhamek_Stupta_and_the_Ancient_Buddhist_Site_at_Sarnath.jpg/440px-Dhamek_Stupta_and_the_Ancient_Buddhist_Site_at_Sarnath.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E9%87%8E%E8%8B%91" title="鹿野苑">鹿野苑</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%94%E6%9E%9A%E5%85%8B%E4%BD%9B%E5%A1%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="答枚克佛塔（页面不存在）">答枚克佛塔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhamekh_Stupa" class="extiw" title="en:Dhamekh Stupa">Dhamekh Stupa</a>）是<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8A%E8%BF%A6%E7%89%9F%E5%B0%BC" title="释迦牟尼">释迦牟尼</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E8%BD%AC%E6%B3%95%E8%BD%AE" title="初转法轮">初转法轮</a>之地</figcaption></figure> 在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="印度列国时代">印度列国时代</a>的十六大国中，领土完全位于今日北方邦内的就有七国之多<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sen1999-22">[22]</a>。史诗《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%91%A9%E8%A1%8D%E9%82%A3" title="罗摩衍那">罗摩衍那</a>》中，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%98%E8%96%A9%E7%BE%85" title="拘薩羅">拘萨罗国</a>神王<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%91%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="罗摩">罗摩</a>的都城<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BA%A6%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9A" title="阿约提亚">阿约提亚</a><a href="#cite_note-Buck2000-23">[23]</a>，以及史诗《<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%AF%83%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%9A" title="摩诃婆罗多">摩诃婆罗多</a>》的英雄<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%A4%A9" title="黑天">黑天</a>的出生地<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%9B%BE%E6%8B%89" title="马图拉">马图拉</a>，都位于北方邦境内<a href="#cite_note-Sen1999-22">[22]</a>。 在印度历史上，控制恒河平原是各大王朝统治印度的必需之举，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E9%9B%80%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="孔雀王朝">孔雀王朝</a>（前320–前200年）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E9%9C%9C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="贵霜帝国">贵霜帝国</a>（100年–250年）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%88%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="笈多王朝">笈多王朝</a>（350年–600年）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9E%BF%E6%8A%98%E7%BD%97-%E6%99%AE%E8%85%8A%E8%92%82%E5%93%88%E8%85%8A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="瞿折罗-普腊蒂哈腊王朝">瞿折罗-普腊蒂哈腊王朝</a>（650年–1036年）<a href="#cite_note-White2010-24">[24]</a>。6世纪，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9A%88%E5%93%92" class="mw-redirect" title="嚈哒">嚈哒</a>推翻笈多王朝，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E5%A5%B3%E5%9F%8E" title="曲女城">曲女城</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E7%91%99%E6%9D%B0" title="根瑙杰">根瑙杰</a>）崛起为恒河平原的重镇<a href="#cite_note-Corporation2007-25">[25]</a>，为<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%92%E6%97%A5%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="戒日王朝">戒日王朝</a>（590年–647年）都城<a href="#cite_note-Corporation2007-25">[25]</a>，其领土北达<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%81%E9%81%AE%E6%99%AE%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="旁遮普地区">旁遮普</a>，西至<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%90%89%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E9%82%A6" title="古吉拉特邦">古吉拉特</a>，东及<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="孟加拉地區">孟加拉</a>，南抵<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E8%BF%AA%E6%B2%99%E9%82%A6" title="奥迪沙邦">奥迪沙</a><a href="#cite_note-Sen1999-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chopra2003-26">[26]</a>。今日许多社群都自称是曲女城人的后裔<a href="#cite_note-Bowman2000-27">[27]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B7%E5%88%A9%E6%B2%99%E4%BC%90%E5%BD%88%E9%82%A3" title="曷利沙伐彈那">戒日王</a>驾崩后，戒日王朝即告分裂，恒河平原转由瞿折罗-普腊蒂哈腊王朝统治，和孟加拉的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="波罗王朝">波罗王朝</a>形成对抗之势<a href="#cite_note-Chopra2003-26">[26]</a>。 北方邦大部地区由<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B" title="德里蘇丹國">德里蘇丹國</a>统治了320年，又可分为<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%83%E6%B2%99%E5%B8%8C%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="庫特布沙希王朝">庫特布沙希王朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%E5%90%89%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="卡爾吉王朝">卡爾吉王朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="圖格魯克王朝">圖格魯克王朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E7%BE%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="薩義德王朝">薩義德王朝</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E8%BF%AA%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="洛迪王朝">洛迪王朝</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Unesco1998-29">[29]</a>。 德里的首位苏丹<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%83%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%9C%E5%85%8B" title="庫特布丁·艾伊拜克">庫特布丁·艾伊拜克</a>治下征服了今日北方邦的部分地区，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9" title="密拉特">密拉特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="阿里格尔">阿里格尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6" title="埃塔瓦">埃塔瓦</a>等地。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%8B%92%E6%9D%9C%E8%BF%B7%E5%A4%B1" title="伊勒杜迷失">伊勒杜迷失</a>攻克曲女城，并且征服了北方邦的大部领地。<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E7%8F%AD" title="吉亞斯丁·巴勒班">巴勒班</a>治下遭遇多次民众起事，但都悉数平息下来。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%B9%8C%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿拉乌丁·卡尔吉（页面不存在）">阿拉乌丁·卡尔吉</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alauddin_Khilji" class="extiw" title="en:Alauddin Khilji">Alauddin Khilji</a>）征服了<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%8D%E8%A5%BF" title="瓦拉納西">瓦拉納西</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%9A%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%90%89" title="普拉亚格拉吉">普拉亚格拉吉</a>等多地。此外，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="苏非主义">苏非主义</a>亦在这期间在北方邦生根发芽，诞生如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%8E%E7%A9%86%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼扎穆丁·奥利亚（页面不存在）">尼扎穆丁·奥利亚</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizamuddin_Auliya" class="extiw" title="en:Nizamuddin Auliya">Nizamuddin Auliya</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%83%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB%E8%92%82%E4%BA%9A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库特布丁·巴赫蒂亚尔·卡基（页面不存在）">库特布丁·巴赫蒂亚尔·卡基</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutbuddin_Bakhtiar_Kaki" class="extiw" title="en:Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki">Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki</a>）等影响深远的苏非圣人。这一时期亦有许多著名的清真寺和陵墓建筑留存至今，如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94_(%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6)" title="江布尔 (北方邦)">江布尔</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%94%E6%8B%89%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿塔拉清真寺（页面不存在）">阿塔拉清真寺</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atala_Masjid" class="extiw" title="en:Atala Masjid">Atala Masjid</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%B3%B0%E8%B5%AB%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C" title="法泰赫普尔西克里">法泰赫普尔西克里</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E7%8E%9B%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="贾玛清真寺">贾玛清真寺</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%8D%A1%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="图格鲁卡巴德（页面不存在）">图格鲁卡巴德</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tughlaqabad" class="extiw" title="en:Tughlaqabad">Tughlaqabad</a>）的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%8D%A1%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="图格鲁卡巴德城堡（页面不存在）">图格鲁卡巴德城堡</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tughlaqabad_Fort" class="extiw" title="en:Tughlaqabad Fort">Tughlaqabad Fort</a>）等<a href="#cite_note-Atala-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tughluq_Tomb-31">[31]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中世至近世">中世至近世</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：中世至近世">编辑</a>]</div> 16世纪，来自中亚<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E7%BA%B3%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="费尔干纳盆地">费尔干纳盆地</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94" title="巴布尔">巴布尔</a>率军自<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3" title="开伯尔山口">开伯尔山口</a>南下，建立<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%8D%A7%E5%84%BF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="莫卧儿帝国">莫卧儿帝国</a>，征服了今日的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>大部、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BD" title="孟加拉国">孟加拉国</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a>，今日的北方邦一带充当了帝国的腹地<a href="#cite_note-Bowman2000-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schimmel2004-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-HindustanHiro2006-34">[34]</a>。巴布尔和<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%A9%AC%E9%9B%8D" title="胡马雍">胡马雍</a>两位皇帝定都在德里<a href="#cite_note-Schimmel2004-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-HindustanHiro2006-34">[34]</a>，1540年，<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8D%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%99" title="舍尔沙">舍尔沙</a>起兵击败胡马雍<a href="#cite_note-Ramirez-Faria2007-35">[35]</a>，建立<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="苏尔王朝">苏尔王朝</a>，统治北方邦地区<a href="#cite_note-Hindustan-36">[36]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%BC%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="第二次帕尼帕特战役">第二次帕尼帕特战役</a>后，莫卧儿皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E5%B7%B4" title="阿克巴">阿克巴</a>收复北方邦地区<a href="#cite_note-Agrawal1983-37">[37]</a>，定都在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89" title="阿格拉">阿格拉</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%B3%B0%E8%B5%AB%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C" title="法泰赫普尔西克里">法泰赫普尔西克里</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a>。 18世纪起，莫卧儿帝国步入衰落，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%94%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="马拉塔帝国">马拉塔帝国</a>崛起并入侵北方邦地区，原本在该地掌权的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E5%B8%8C%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗希拉人（页面不存在）">罗希拉人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohilla" class="extiw" title="en:Rohilla">Rohilla</a>）遭马拉地人驱逐。1803年至1804年，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="英国东印度公司">英国东印度公司</a>和马拉地人爆发<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD-%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%B0%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次英国-马拉地战争（页面不存在）">第二次英国-马拉地战争</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Anglo-Maratha_War" class="extiw" title="en:Second Anglo-Maratha War">Second Anglo-Maratha War</a>），由英国人取胜告终，进而统治北方邦的大部分地区<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="英治时期">英治时期</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：英治时期">编辑</a>]</div> 自18世纪下半叶起，英国东印度公司经连年征战，逐渐控制今日的北方邦诸地<a href="#cite_note-Kudaisya2006-40">[40]</a>，连同<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9D%B0%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%94" title="阿杰梅尔">阿杰梅尔</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8B%E6%B5%A6%E7%88%BE" title="齋浦爾">齋浦爾</a>的部分领地一起，成立<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%97%E7%9C%81_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西北省 (印度)（页面不存在）">西北省</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-Western_Provinces" class="extiw" title="en:North-Western Provinces">North-Western Provinces</a>）管辖，其面积在当时的英属印度领地下并不算大<a href="#cite_note-Sivaramakrishnan1999-41">[41]</a>。其首府曾在阿格拉和安拉阿巴德之间两度迁移<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a>。 1857年，印度土兵哗变，引起<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="印度民族起义">印度民族起义</a>，始于北方邦境内的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9" title="密拉特">密拉特</a><a href="#cite_note-Mukherjee2005-43">[43]</a>。起义最终失败，于是英国人重划省份，以分治起义故地，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%9F%E9%82%A6" title="奥德土邦">奥德土邦</a>划入西北省，改为<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%92%8C%E5%A5%A7%E5%BE%B7%E7%9C%81" title="阿格拉和奧德省">阿格拉和奧德省</a>（通称联合省<a href="#cite_note-Chakrabarti1997-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cohn1996-45">[45]</a>），德里划出至旁遮普省，阿杰梅尔-<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马瓦尔（页面不存在）">马瓦尔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwar" class="extiw" title="en:Marwar">Marwar</a>）地区并入<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E6%9D%B0%E6%99%AE%E5%A1%94%E7%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉杰普塔纳（页面不存在）">拉杰普塔纳</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputana" class="extiw" title="en:Rajputana">Rajputana</a>）<a href="#cite_note-(India)Drake-Brockman1934-46">[46]</a>。 1920年，省治由安拉阿巴德迁至<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E7%91%99" title="勒克瑙">勒克瑙</a><a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson-Weber1999-47">[47]</a>，但高等法院仍留在安拉阿巴德<a href="#cite_note-Lucknow_Bench-48">[48]</a>。安拉阿巴德如今仍是北方邦的行政重镇，设有多个部门总部<a href="#cite_note-Nair2004-49">[49]</a>。这一时期的北方邦地区仍是印度政治的中心，并且是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="印度独立运动">印度独立运动</a>的温床。这里集结了<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="阿里格尔穆斯林大学">阿里格尔穆斯林大学</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9D%E9%82%A3%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贝那拉斯印度教大学（页面不存在）">贝那拉斯印度教大学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banaras_Hindu_University" class="extiw" title="en:Banaras Hindu University">Banaras Hindu University</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E5%A5%A5%E7%8F%AD%E5%BE%B7%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德奥班德神学院（页面不存在）">德奥班德神学院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" class="extiw" title="en:Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a>）等现代高等院校，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E6%96%AF%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉姆·普拉萨德·比斯米尔（页面不存在）">拉姆·普拉萨德·比斯米尔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismil" class="extiw" title="en:Ram Prasad Bismil">Ram Prasad Bismil</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%A2%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%AC%9D%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%89%8E%E5%BE%B7" title="錢德拉·謝卡爾·阿扎德">錢德拉·謝卡爾·阿扎德</a>等知名民族主义人物，以及如<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E9%80%96%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E8%B5%AB%E9%B2%81" title="莫逖拉尔·尼赫鲁">莫逖拉尔·尼赫鲁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E7%93%A6%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E8%B5%AB%E9%B2%81" title="贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁">贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%B9%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E6%B1%89%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马丹·莫汉·马拉维亚（页面不存在）">马丹·莫汉·马拉维亚</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Malaviya" class="extiw" title="en:Madan Mohan Malaviya">Madan Mohan Malaviya</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%88%E6%B8%A9%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E6%BD%98%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戈温德·巴拉布·潘特（页面不存在）">戈温德·巴拉布·潘特</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govind_Ballabh_Pant" class="extiw" title="en:Govind Ballabh Pant">Govind Ballabh Pant</a>）等<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%9A" title="印度国民大会党">国大党</a>领袖，都活跃在北方邦。1936年4月11日，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E5%8D%B0%E5%86%9C%E6%B0%91%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全印农民协会（页面不存在）">全印农民协会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_India_Kisan_Sabha" class="extiw" title="en:All India Kisan Sabha">All India Kisan Sabha</a>）成立于勒克瑙，选举<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E5%93%88%E8%B4%BE%E5%8D%97%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E8%92%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨哈贾南德·萨拉斯瓦蒂（页面不存在）">萨哈贾南德·萨拉斯瓦蒂</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahajanand_Saraswati" class="extiw" title="en:Sahajanand Saraswati">Sahajanand Saraswati</a>）为首任主席<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a>，他长期领导农民反抗<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E6%98%8E%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE" title="扎明達爾">扎明达尔</a>地主特权，是印度农民运动的重要领袖<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a>。1942年<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%80%E5%87%BA%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="退出印度运动">退出印度运动</a>期间，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="巴利亚">巴利亚</a>镇曾推翻英国当局，建立独立政府<a href="#cite_note-Chatterji2006-52">[52]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="独立后">独立后</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：独立后">编辑</a>]</div> 印度独立后的1950年1月24日，联合省改为北方邦，仍以UP为缩写<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-UPDay-1">[1]</a>。有九位总理出身于北方邦，为印度诸邦之首。北方邦也是印度<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E9%99%A2_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)" title="人民院 (印度)">人民院</a>议员席位最多的邦。尽管长期为印度政治重地，但该邦长期存在治理不善的问题，经济相对落后，犯罪和腐败问题严重。该邦屡屡发生<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%A7%8D%E5%A7%93%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度种姓暴力（页面不存在）">种姓暴力</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caste-related_violence_in_India" class="extiw" title="en:Caste-related violence in India">Caste-related violence in India</a>）和社区暴力罪案<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a>。1992年12月，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BA%A6%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9A" title="阿约提亚">阿约提亚</a>爆发<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA%E6%8B%86%E9%99%A4%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="巴布里清真寺拆除事件">巴布里清真寺拆除事件</a>，引发全国广泛的暴力争端<a href="#cite_note-communal_violence-56">[56]</a>。2000年，北方邦部分地区分置为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%98%BF%E5%9D%8E%E5%BE%B7%E9%82%A6" title="北阿坎德邦">北阿坎德邦</a><a href="#cite_note-separation-57">[57]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理">地理</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：地理">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg/220px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg/330px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg/440px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>恒河平原</figcaption></figure> 北方邦面积为240,928平方公里（93,023平方英里），排名印度第四，约等于英国的面积。位于印度北部边界，和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94" title="尼泊尔">尼泊尔</a>接壤，北部边界抵达<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="喜马拉雅山">喜马拉雅山区</a><a href="#cite_note-land-58">[58]</a>，绝大部分领土是平原<a href="#cite_note-Geography-59">[59]</a>。北部以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B2%B3-%E6%81%92%E6%B2%B3%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="印度河-恒河平原">印度河-恒河平原</a>为主，包括恒河-亚穆纳<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E9%97%B4%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA_(%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河间地区 (南亚)（页面不存在）">河间地区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doab" class="extiw" title="en:Doab">Doab</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%B3" title="加格拉河">加格拉河</a>平原、恒河平原和<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E8%8E%B1%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="特莱平原">特莱平原</a><a href="#cite_note-Terai-60">[60]</a>，南部有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E8%BF%AA%E4%BA%9A%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="温迪亚山脉">温迪亚山脉</a>和高原地带<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-61">[61]</a>。喜马拉雅山脉南缘的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%93%A6%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" title="西瓦利克山脈">西瓦利克山脈</a>和平原区的石床交界区称为<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%94_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴伯尔 (印度)（页面不存在）">巴伯尔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhabar" class="extiw" title="en:Bhabar">Bhabar</a>）地区<a href="#cite_note-Preface-62">[62]</a>，这里森林密布，溪流密集，季风季节就会汇成汹涌的洪流<a href="#cite_note-Singh1998-63">[63]</a>。这里长满高大的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%94%9F%E8%94%97%E8%8C%85" title="沙生蔗茅">象草</a>，森林茂密，其间夹杂着<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E6%B2%BC" title="草沼">草沼</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%91%E6%B2%BC" title="树沼">树沼</a><a href="#cite_note-Terai_Area-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bhabhar-65">[65]</a>。 北方邦的<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%95%E4%BD%9C" title="耕作">耕作</a>活动密集<a href="#cite_note-glossary-66">[66]</a>，横跨三个农业气候区，包括中部恒河平原地区（地区四）、上恒河平原地区（地区五）和中部高原丘陵地区（地区八）<a href="#cite_note-Agro-Climatic-67">[67]</a>。河谷土地较为肥沃，因此开垦有大量梯田，但灌溉不足<a href="#cite_note-Irrigation-68">[68]</a>。整个冲积平原分为三个次区域<a href="#cite_note-Great_Plains-69">[69]</a>。东部地区有14个县，洪旱灾害频仍，较为缺水，人口密度最高，人均土地最少，而中部和西部地区情况相对好，有着发达的灌溉系统<a href="#cite_note-Western_-_Eastern_Irrigation-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-Meena-71">[71]</a>。有多于32条大小河流流经该邦，较知名的有<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%B2%B3" title="恒河">恒河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%A9%86%E7%B4%8D%E6%B2%B3" title="亞穆納河">亞穆納河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E8%92%82%E6%B2%B3" title="薩拉斯瓦蒂河">薩拉斯瓦蒂河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%A4%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨拉尤河（页面不存在）">萨拉尤河</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarayu" class="extiw" title="en:Sarayu">Sarayu</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E7%89%B9%E7%93%A6%E6%B2%B3" title="貝特瓦河">貝特瓦河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%B3" title="加格拉河">加格拉河</a>，这些河流在印度教中都有崇高地位<a href="#cite_note-rivers-72">[72]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="气候">气候</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：气候">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunset_in_Indirapuram_Uttar_Pradesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sunset_in_Indirapuram_Uttar_Pradesh.jpg/220px-Sunset_in_Indirapuram_Uttar_Pradesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sunset_in_Indirapuram_Uttar_Pradesh.jpg/330px-Sunset_in_Indirapuram_Uttar_Pradesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sunset_in_Indirapuram_Uttar_Pradesh.jpg/440px-Sunset_in_Indirapuram_Uttar_Pradesh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4097" data-file-height="1714" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%BF%9F%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7" title="加濟阿巴德">加济阿巴德</a>的季风云</figcaption></figure> 北方邦气候湿润，季节分明，主要属<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E6%B9%BF%E6%B6%A6%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="亚热带湿润气候">亚热带湿润气候</a><a href="#cite_note-Board2008-73">[73]</a>，西部部分地区属<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B2%E6%97%B1%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="半干旱气候">半干旱气候</a>。每年三月至五月为夏季，六月至十月为季风季，十一月至次年二月为冬季<a href="#cite_note-Climate-74">[74]</a>。夏季气温波动较大，介于0至50°C间，盛行干热强风，又称为<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2_(%E9%A3%8E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢 (风)（页面不存在）">卢风</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loo_(wind)" class="extiw" title="en:Loo (wind)">Loo (wind)</a>）<a href="#cite_note-rana2007-75">[75]</a>。恒河平原地区介于半干旱和半湿润气候<a href="#cite_note-Climate-74">[74]</a>，其西南角的年均降水量在650毫米，而东部和东南部相对丰沛，达到1000毫米<a href="#cite_note-rainfall-76">[76]</a>。降水主要是由季风带来，夏季时是孟加拉湾季风，夏季之后则是西南季风，冬季时的降水主要是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%89%B0%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西方扰动（页面不存在）">西方扰动</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/western_disturbances" class="extiw" title="en:western disturbances">western disturbances</a>）导致，而这时的东北季风带来的降水占比相对较低<a href="#cite_note-Board2008-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-WesDist-77">[77]</a>。 <div style="width:85%;"> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height: 1.2em; margin:;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">北方邦 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">月份 </th> <th scope="col">1月 </th> <th scope="col">2月 </th> <th scope="col">3月 </th> <th scope="col">4月 </th> <th scope="col">5月 </th> <th scope="col">6月 </th> <th scope="col">7月 </th> <th scope="col">8月 </th> <th scope="col">9月 </th> <th scope="col">10月 </th> <th scope="col">11月 </th> <th scope="col">12月 </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">全年 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均高温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9 (85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9 (89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4 (95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.7 (99.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9 (98.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7 (89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4 (83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4 (81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4 (84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4 (88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1 (86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9 (84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.6 (88.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均低温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 (51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 (53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8 (60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9 (67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4 (72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9 (73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2 (72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6 (70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8 (69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5 (65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 (57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 (52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.8 (64.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E6%B0%B4%E9%87%8F" title="降水量">降水量</a> mm（英寸） </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 (0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 (0.1) </td> <td style="background: #EEFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 (0.4) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 (1.6) </td> <td style="background: #2AFF2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">138 (5.4) </td> <td style="background: #0CFF0C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">163 (6.4) </td> <td style="background: #3EFF3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">129 (5.1) </td> <td style="background: #10FF10; color:#000000;" class="notheme">155 (6.1) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68 (2.7) </td> <td style="background: #D3FFD3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28 (1.1) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 (0.2) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">741 (29.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均降水天数 </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.0 </td> <td style="background: #3737FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.2 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">67.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">月均<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%85%A7%E6%99%82%E6%95%B8" title="日照時數">日照時數</a> </th> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">291.4 </td> <td style="background: #F0F011; color:#000000;" class="notheme">282.8 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">300.7 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">303.0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F214; color:#000000;" class="notheme">316.2 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186.0 </td> <td style="background: #B6B65D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120.9 </td> <td style="background: #B2B277; color:#000000;" class="notheme">111.6 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">177.0 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">248.44 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">270.0 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">288.3 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,896.34 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">数据来源：<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="生态">生态</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：生态">编辑</a>]</div> <table class="toccolours" style="margin:1em; float:right; width:15%"> <caption>北方邦的象征物<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-dance-80">[80]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>动物 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BC%E9%B9%BF" title="沼鹿">沼鹿</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:The_barasingha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/The_barasingha.jpg/50px-The_barasingha.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/The_barasingha.jpg/75px-The_barasingha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/The_barasingha.jpg/100px-The_barasingha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>鸟类 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%A2%88%E9%B9%A4" title="赤颈鹤">赤颈鹤</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Grus_antigone_Luc_viatour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Grus_antigone_Luc_viatour.jpg/50px-Grus_antigone_Luc_viatour.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Grus_antigone_Luc_viatour.jpg/75px-Grus_antigone_Luc_viatour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Grus_antigone_Luc_viatour.jpg/100px-Grus_antigone_Luc_viatour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="2287" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>树木 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%86%82%E6%A8%B9" title="無憂樹">無憂樹</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ashoka_(Polyalthia_longifolia)_flowers_W_IMG_7050.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ashoka_%28Polyalthia_longifolia%29_flowers_W_IMG_7050.jpg/50px-Ashoka_%28Polyalthia_longifolia%29_flowers_W_IMG_7050.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ashoka_%28Polyalthia_longifolia%29_flowers_W_IMG_7050.jpg/75px-Ashoka_%28Polyalthia_longifolia%29_flowers_W_IMG_7050.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ashoka_%28Polyalthia_longifolia%29_flowers_W_IMG_7050.jpg/100px-Ashoka_%28Polyalthia_longifolia%29_flowers_W_IMG_7050.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>花草 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E7%9F%BF" title="紫矿">紫矿</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:STS_001_Butea_monosperma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/STS_001_Butea_monosperma.jpg/50px-STS_001_Butea_monosperma.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/STS_001_Butea_monosperma.jpg/75px-STS_001_Butea_monosperma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/STS_001_Butea_monosperma.jpg/100px-STS_001_Butea_monosperma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="552" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>舞蹈 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡塔克（页面不存在）">卡塔克</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathak" class="extiw" title="en:Kathak">Kathak</a>）</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Kathak_3511900193_986f6440f6_b_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Kathak_3511900193_986f6440f6_b_retouched.jpg/50px-Kathak_3511900193_986f6440f6_b_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Kathak_3511900193_986f6440f6_b_retouched.jpg/75px-Kathak_3511900193_986f6440f6_b_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Kathak_3511900193_986f6440f6_b_retouched.jpg/100px-Kathak_3511900193_986f6440f6_b_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2342" data-file-height="2530" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>运动 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E6%9B%B2%E6%A3%8D%E7%90%83" title="草地曲棍球">草地曲棍球</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Field_hockey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Field_hockey.jpg/50px-Field_hockey.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Field_hockey.jpg/75px-Field_hockey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Field_hockey.jpg/100px-Field_hockey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="367" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> 北方邦自然资源丰富<a href="#cite_note-Flora-81">[81]</a>，2011年统计的森林面积达16,583平方公里，占总面积的6.9%<a href="#cite_note-fsiwbforest-82">[82]</a>。尽管存在砍伐偷猎行为<a href="#cite_note-fauna-83">[83]</a>，北方邦仍保有多样的动植物群，是印度4.2%的各种<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BB%E9%A1%9E" title="藻類">藻類</a>、6.4%的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C" title="真菌">真菌</a>、6.0%的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A3" title="地衣">地衣</a>、2.9%的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%94%E8%97%93%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="苔藓植物">苔藓植物</a>、3.3%的<a href="/wiki/%E8%95%A8%E9%A1%9E%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="蕨類植物">蕨類植物</a>、8.7%的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%B8%E5%AD%90%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="裸子植物">裸子植物</a>、8.1%的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E5%AD%90%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="被子植物">被子植物</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%96%E6%81%AF%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="栖息地">栖息地</a><a href="#cite_note-Plant_Diversity-84">[84]</a>。恒河上游平原生长着<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%BD%E8%91%89%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="落葉植物">落叶林</a>，尤以沿河地区最为茂盛，平原各處都有熱帶乾燥落葉林，由于陽光直射，灌木和草类也很豐富<a href="#cite_note-Vegetation_and_Flora-85">[85]</a>，但不少森林地区都被人类砍伐以便耕种。恒河平原分布有种类广泛的动植物，包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%AC%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="爬行动物">爬行动物</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E6%A0%96%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="两栖动物">两栖动物</a>、淡水鱼蟹等。干旱的温迪亚地区则分布着<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E9%87%91%E5%90%88%E6%AC%A2" title="阿拉伯金合欢">阿拉伯金合欢</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%9C%A8%E4%B8%9B" title="灌木丛">灌木丛</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%9E%AA%E7%BE%9A" title="印度瞪羚">印度瞪羚</a><a href="#cite_note-Thorny_Forest-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-animals-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-Predominant-88">[88]</a>。喜马拉雅山脚的草原可供牛群繁衍。北方邦还分布有种类丰富的鸟<a href="#cite_note-Avifauna-89">[89]</a>，常见的有<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%A0%E9%B8%BD%E7%A7%91" title="鸠鸽科">鸠鸽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E9%9B%80" title="孔雀">孔雀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E9%B8%A1%E5%B1%9E" title="原鸡属">原鸡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%B6%89" title="黑鶉">黑鶉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E9%BA%BB%E9%9B%80" title="家麻雀">家麻雀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%80%E4%BA%9E%E7%9B%AE" title="雀亞目">鸣禽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A0%E8%93%9D%E9%B8%A6" title="冠蓝鸦">冠蓝鸦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%A6%E9%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="鹦鹉">鹦鹉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%91" title="鹑">鹑</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%8E%E7%A7%91" title="鹎科">鹎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%98%A4%E9%B8%AD" title="瘤鸭">瘤鸭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%A0%E9%B8%9F%E7%A7%91" title="翠鸟科">翠鸟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%84%E6%9C%A8%E9%B8%9F%E7%A7%91" title="啄木鸟科">啄木鸟</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B5%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鵻（页面不存在）">鵻</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/snipe" class="extiw" title="en:snipe">snipe</a>）<a href="#cite_note-Bakhira-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chambal_Gharial-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chandra_Prabha-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hastinapur_Wild_Life-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kaimoor_Wild_Life-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a>。其他动物有<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%A5%E8%9C%B4" title="蜥蜴">蜥蜴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E9%8F%A1%E8%9B%87" title="眼鏡蛇">眼镜蛇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E8%9B%87%E5%B1%AC" title="環蛇屬">環蛇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%B2%B3%E9%B1%B7" title="恆河鱷">恆河鱷</a>等爬行动物，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E7%8D%85%E9%AD%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬獅魚（页面不存在）">馬獅魚</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahseer" class="extiw" title="en:Mahseer">Mahseer</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B1%92%E9%AD%9A" title="鱒魚">鱒魚</a>等鱼类。恒河平原的狮子、<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%B2%B3%E8%B1%9A" title="恆河豚">恒河豚</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E8%8E%B1%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="特莱平原">特莱平原</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%80%E7%89%9B" title="犀牛">犀牛</a>已是<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%92%E5%8D%B1%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="濒危物种">濒危物种</a><a href="#cite_note-S.k.agarwal-96">[96]</a>。 <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Anandabodhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="舍衛城的菩提树"><img alt="舍衛城的菩提树" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anandabodhi.jpg/160px-Anandabodhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anandabodhi.jpg/240px-Anandabodhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anandabodhi.jpg/320px-Anandabodhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8D%E8%A1%9B%E5%9F%8E" title="舍衛城">舍衛城</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90%E6%A0%91" title="菩提树">菩提树</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tropaeolum_majus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="旱金莲，主要分布于赫爾多伊縣"><img alt="旱金莲，主要分布于赫爾多伊縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Tropaeolum_majus.jpg/214px-Tropaeolum_majus.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Tropaeolum_majus.jpg/321px-Tropaeolum_majus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Tropaeolum_majus.jpg/428px-Tropaeolum_majus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2048" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B1%E9%87%91%E8%8E%B2" title="旱金莲">旱金莲</a>，主要分布于<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A%E4%BC%8A%E7%B8%A3" title="赫爾多伊縣">赫爾多伊縣</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganges_River_Dolphin_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="濒危的恆河豚"><img alt="濒危的恆河豚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ganges_River_Dolphin_cropped.jpg/144px-Ganges_River_Dolphin_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ganges_River_Dolphin_cropped.jpg/217px-Ganges_River_Dolphin_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Ganges_River_Dolphin_cropped.jpg/289px-Ganges_River_Dolphin_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="394" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">濒危的<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%B2%B3%E8%B1%9A" title="恆河豚">恆河豚</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganges_calling.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="特莱平原"><img alt="特莱平原" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ganges_calling.jpg/220px-Ganges_calling.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ganges_calling.jpg/330px-Ganges_calling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ganges_calling.jpg/440px-Ganges_calling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1598" data-file-height="712" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E8%8E%B1%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="特莱平原">特莱平原</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gavialis_gangeticus,_ZOO_Praha_045.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="极危的恆河鱷"><img alt="极危的恆河鱷" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gavialis_gangeticus%2C_ZOO_Praha_045.jpg/180px-Gavialis_gangeticus%2C_ZOO_Praha_045.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gavialis_gangeticus%2C_ZOO_Praha_045.jpg/270px-Gavialis_gangeticus%2C_ZOO_Praha_045.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gavialis_gangeticus%2C_ZOO_Praha_045.jpg/360px-Gavialis_gangeticus%2C_ZOO_Praha_045.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3750" data-file-height="2500" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">极危的<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%B2%B3%E9%B1%B7" title="恆河鱷">恆河鱷</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="行政区划">行政区划</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：行政区划">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="北方邦行政区划">北方邦行政区划</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8" title="北方邦西部">北方邦西部</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="北方邦东部">北方邦东部</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%93%A6%E5%BE%B7" title="阿瓦德">阿瓦德</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uttar_Pradesh_administrative_divisions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt=""Administrative Divisions"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Uttar_Pradesh_administrative_divisions.svg/550px-Uttar_Pradesh_administrative_divisions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="550" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Uttar_Pradesh_administrative_divisions.svg/825px-Uttar_Pradesh_administrative_divisions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Uttar_Pradesh_administrative_divisions.svg/1100px-Uttar_Pradesh_administrative_divisions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>北方邦的18个专区</figcaption></figure> 北方邦分为18个专区（division），下辖共75个县（district）<a href="#cite_note-divisions-97">[97]</a>。 <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:50%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td>专区 </td> <td>首府 </td> <td>县 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%93%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿格拉专区（页面不存在）">阿格拉专区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agra_division" class="extiw" title="en:Agra division">Agra division</a>） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89" title="阿格拉">阿格拉</a> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E7%B8%A3" title="阿格拉縣">阿格拉縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E7%BD%97%E6%89%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7%E5%8E%BF" title="菲罗扎巴德县">菲罗扎巴德县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%9C%96%E6%8B%89%E7%B8%A3" title="馬圖拉縣">馬圖拉縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="曼普里縣">曼普里縣</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%93%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿里格尔专区（页面不存在）">阿里格尔专区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aligarh_division" class="extiw" title="en:Aligarh division">Aligarh division</a>） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="阿里格尔">阿里格尔</a> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E6%A0%BC%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="阿里格爾縣">阿里格爾縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%94%E7%B8%A3" title="埃塔縣">埃塔縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%A3" title="哈特拉斯縣">哈特拉斯縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E7%94%98%E5%82%91%E7%B8%A3" title="卡斯甘傑縣">卡斯甘傑縣</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%BA%A6%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9A%E4%B8%93%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿约提亚专区（页面不存在）">阿约提亚专区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayodhya_division" class="extiw" title="en:Ayodhya division">Ayodhya division</a>） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BA%A6%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9A" title="阿约提亚">阿约提亚</a> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%80%8D%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%E9%82%A3%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="安倍德卡爾那加爾縣">安倍德卡爾那加爾縣</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%A2%85%E8%92%82%E5%8E%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿梅蒂县（页面不存在）">阿梅蒂县</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amethi_district" class="extiw" title="en:Amethi district">Amethi district</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%89%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="法扎巴德縣">法扎巴德縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%B8%A3" title="巴拉班基縣">巴拉班基縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E6%99%AE%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="蘇丹普爾縣">蘇丹普爾縣</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%BD%E5%A7%86%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%93%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿泽姆格尔专区（页面不存在）">阿泽姆格尔专区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azamgarh_division" class="extiw" title="en:Azamgarh division">Azamgarh division</a>） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%BD%E5%A7%86%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="阿泽姆格尔">阿泽姆格尔</a> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%BD%E5%A7%86%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E5%8E%BF" title="阿泽姆格尔县">阿泽姆格尔县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%B8%A3" title="巴利亞縣">巴利亞縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%83%8F%E7%B8%A3" title="馬烏縣">馬烏縣</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E9%9B%B7%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%93%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴雷利专区（页面不存在）">巴雷利专区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bareilly_division" class="extiw" title="en:Bareilly division">Bareilly division</a>） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%9B%B7%E5%88%A9" title="巴雷利">巴雷利</a> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%81%93%E6%81%A9%E7%B8%A3" title="布道恩縣">布道恩縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%9B%B7%E5%88%A9%E7%B8%A3" title="巴雷利縣">巴雷利縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E7%89%B9%E7%B8%A3" title="皮利比特縣">皮利比特縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E8%B3%88%E6%BC%A2%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="沙賈漢布爾縣">沙賈漢布爾縣</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%AF%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E4%B8%93%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伯斯蒂专区（页面不存在）">伯斯蒂专区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basti_division" class="extiw" title="en:Basti division">Basti division</a>） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82" title="伯斯蒂">伯斯蒂</a> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E7%B8%A3" title="伯斯蒂縣">伯斯蒂縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%8D%A1%E6%AF%94%E7%88%BE%E9%82%A3%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="聖卡比爾那加爾縣">聖卡比爾那加爾縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB%E9%81%94%E7%89%B9%E9%82%A3%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="錫達特那加爾縣">錫達特那加爾縣</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%87%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%BA%AB%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%93%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奇特拉庫特专区（页面不存在）">奇特拉庫特专区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitrakoot_division" class="extiw" title="en:Chitrakoot division">Chitrakoot division</a>） </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E8%BE%BE_(%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="班达 (北方邦)（页面不存在）">班达</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banda,_Uttar_Pradesh" class="extiw" title="en:Banda, Uttar Pradesh">Banda, Uttar Pradesh</a>） </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E9%81%94%E7%B8%A3" title="班達縣">班達縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%BA%AB%E7%89%B9%E7%B8%A3" title="奇特拉庫特縣">奇特拉庫特縣</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E5%8E%BF_(%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赫米尔布尔县 (北方邦)（页面不存在）">赫米尔布尔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamirpur_District,_Uttar_Pradesh" class="extiw" title="en:Hamirpur District, Uttar Pradesh">Hamirpur District, Uttar Pradesh</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%A5%A7%E5%B7%B4%E7%B8%A3" title="馬奧巴縣">馬奧巴縣</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A3%E7%BB%B4%E5%B8%95%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%93%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="代维帕坦专区（页面不存在）">代维帕坦专区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devipatan_division" class="extiw" title="en:Devipatan division">Devipatan division</a>） </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A2%E9%81%94_(%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貢達 (北方邦)（页面不存在）">貢達</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonda,_Uttar_Pradesh" class="extiw" title="en:Gonda, Uttar Pradesh">Gonda, Uttar Pradesh</a>） </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB%E8%B3%B4%E5%A5%87%E7%B8%A3" title="巴赫賴奇縣">巴赫賴奇縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="伯爾拉姆布爾縣">伯爾拉姆布爾縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A2%E9%81%94%E7%B8%A3" title="貢達縣">貢達縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%9D%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E7%B8%A3" title="謝拉瓦斯蒂縣">謝拉瓦斯蒂縣</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%88%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE%E4%B8%93%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戈勒克布爾专区（页面不存在）">戈勒克布爾专区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorakhpur_division" class="extiw" title="en:Gorakhpur division">Gorakhpur division</a>） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE" title="戈勒克布爾">戈勒克布爾</a> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%A5%A7%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E7%B8%A3" title="迪奧里亞縣">迪奧里亞縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="戈勒克布爾縣">戈勒克布爾縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%98%E5%B0%B8%E9%82%A3%E6%8F%AD%E7%BE%85%E7%B8%A3" title="拘尸那揭羅縣">拘尸那揭羅縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E5%90%89%E7%94%98%E5%82%91%E7%B8%A3" title="馬哈拉吉甘傑縣">馬哈拉吉甘傑縣</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A0%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%93%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="占西专区（页面不存在）">占西专区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhansi_division" class="extiw" title="en:Jhansi division">Jhansi division</a>） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E8%A5%BF" title="占西">占西</a> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E5%8B%9E%E6%81%A9%E7%B8%A3" title="賈勞恩縣">賈勞恩縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E8%A5%BF%E7%B8%A3" title="詹西縣">詹西縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%88%A9%E7%89%B9%E6%99%AE%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="拉利特普爾縣">拉利特普爾縣</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%8E%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%93%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="坎普尔专区（页面不存在）">坎普尔专区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanpur_division" class="extiw" title="en:Kanpur division">Kanpur division</a>） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94" title="坎普尔">坎普尔</a> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E8%90%8A%E4%BA%9E%E7%B8%A3" title="奧萊亞縣">奧萊亞縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6%E7%B8%A3" title="埃塔瓦縣">埃塔瓦縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%AD%AF%E5%8D%A1%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7%E7%B8%A3" title="法魯卡巴德縣">法魯卡巴德縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E7%91%99%E6%9D%B0%E5%8E%BF" title="根瑙杰县">根瑙杰县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E6%99%AE%E7%88%BE%E9%83%8A%E7%B8%A3" title="坎普爾郊縣">坎普爾郊縣</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%8E%E6%99%AE%E7%88%BE%E5%9F%8E%E5%8E%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="坎普爾城县（页面不存在）">坎普爾城县</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanpur_Nagar_district" class="extiw" title="en:Kanpur Nagar district">Kanpur Nagar district</a>）</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E7%91%99%E4%B8%93%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="勒克瑙专区（页面不存在）">勒克瑙专区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow_division" class="extiw" title="en:Lucknow division">Lucknow division</a>） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E7%91%99" title="勒克瑙">勒克瑙</a> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A%E4%BC%8A%E7%B8%A3" title="赫爾多伊縣">赫爾多伊縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E9%87%91%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E5%87%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%8E%BF" title="勒金布尔凯里县">勒金布尔凯里县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E7%91%99%E7%B8%A3" title="勒克瑙縣">勒克瑙縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%B7%B4%E9%9B%B7%E5%88%A9%E7%B8%A3" title="雷巴雷利縣">雷巴雷利縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB%E5%A1%94%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="錫塔布爾縣">錫塔布爾縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E7%91%99%E7%B8%A3" title="溫瑙縣">溫瑙縣</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%93%E5%8C%BA" title="密拉特专区">密拉特专区</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9" title="密拉特">密拉特</a> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E5%8E%BF" title="巴格帕特县">巴格帕特县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="布兰德沙哈尔县">布兰德沙哈尔县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E8%BE%BE%E6%91%A9%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90%E9%82%A3%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E5%8E%BF" title="乔达摩菩提那加尔县">乔达摩菩提那加尔县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B5%8E%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7%E5%8E%BF" title="加济阿巴德县">加济阿巴德县</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E5%8E%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈普尔县（页面不存在）">哈普尔县</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapur_district" class="extiw" title="en:Hapur district">Hapur district</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E5%8E%BF" title="密拉特县">密拉特县</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E6%8B%89%E9%81%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%93%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫拉達巴德专区（页面不存在）">莫拉達巴德专区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moradabad_division" class="extiw" title="en:Moradabad division">Moradabad division</a>） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%8B%89%E9%81%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7" title="莫拉達巴德">莫拉達巴德</a> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E7%BE%85%E8%B5%AB%E7%B8%A3" title="阿姆羅赫縣">阿姆羅赫縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E6%9D%B0%E8%AF%BA%E5%B0%94%E5%8E%BF" title="比杰诺尔县">比杰诺尔县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%8B%89%E9%81%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7%E7%B8%A3" title="莫拉達巴德縣">莫拉達巴德縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E6%B5%A6%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="蘭浦爾縣">蘭浦爾縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="桑巴爾縣">桑巴爾縣</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%9A%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%90%89%E4%B8%93%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普拉亚格拉吉专区（页面不存在）">普拉亚格拉吉专区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj_division" class="extiw" title="en:Prayagraj division">Prayagraj division</a>） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%9A%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%90%89" title="普拉亚格拉吉">普拉亚格拉吉</a> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E7%89%B9%E6%99%AE%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="費特普爾縣">費特普爾縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%A4%8F%E5%A7%86%E6%AF%94%E7%B8%A3" title="考夏姆比縣">考夏姆比縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%94%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="普拉塔加爾縣">普拉塔加爾縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%8B%89%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="安拉阿巴德縣">安拉阿巴德縣</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E5%93%88%E8%98%AD%E6%99%AE%E7%88%BE%E4%B8%93%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩哈蘭普爾专区（页面不存在）">薩哈蘭普爾专区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saharanpur_division" class="extiw" title="en:Saharanpur division">Saharanpur division</a>） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%93%88%E8%98%AD%E6%99%AE%E7%88%BE" title="薩哈蘭普爾">薩哈蘭普爾</a> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%89%8E%E6%B3%95%E7%88%BE%E8%A8%A5%E6%A0%BC%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="穆扎法爾訥格爾縣">穆扎法爾訥格爾縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%93%88%E8%98%AD%E6%99%AE%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="薩哈蘭普爾縣">薩哈蘭普爾縣</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E5%A7%86%E5%88%A9%E5%8E%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沙姆利县（页面不存在）">沙姆利县</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamli_district" class="extiw" title="en:Shamli district">Shamli district</a>）</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%8D%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%93%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦拉納西专区（页面不存在）">瓦拉納西专区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanasi_division" class="extiw" title="en:Varanasi division">Varanasi division</a>） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%8D%E8%A5%BF" title="瓦拉納西">瓦拉納西</a> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E9%81%94%E7%83%8F%E5%88%A9%E7%B8%A3" title="昌達烏利縣">昌達烏利縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%8C%B2%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="加茲布爾縣">加茲布爾縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="江布爾縣">江布爾縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%8D%E8%A5%BF%E7%B8%A3" title="瓦拉納西縣">瓦拉納西縣</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E6%89%8E%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%93%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米尔扎布尔专区（页面不存在）">米尔扎布尔专区</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirzapur_division" class="extiw" title="en:Mirzapur division">Mirzapur division</a>） </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E6%89%8E%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94" title="米尔扎布尔">米尔扎布尔</a> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E6%89%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="米爾扎布爾縣">米爾扎布爾縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E9%81%94%E6%96%AF%E9%82%A3%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="聖拉維達斯那加爾縣">聖拉維達斯那加爾縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%97%E6%8B%89%E7%B8%A3" title="松巴得拉縣">松巴得拉縣</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="社会">社会</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：社会">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人口">人口</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：人口">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black"> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:black"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 5487.4940979036px; border-left-color:chartreuse"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:chartreuse"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:chartreuse"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 5304.5364363156px; border-left-color:gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:gold"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3880.969140305px; border-left-color:brown"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:brown"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:brown"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3119.616944035px; border-left-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 2305.1480644087px; border-left-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1573.6756085647px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 30.62651322128px; border-left-color:darkorange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkorange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:darkorange"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> 北方邦宗教人口分布（2011年）<a href="#cite_note-religion_census-98">[98]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教">印度教</a>（79.73%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a>（19.26%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%95%99" title="锡克教">锡克教</a>（0.32%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>（0.18%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>（0.10%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/%E8%80%86%E9%82%A3%E6%95%99" title="耆那教">耆那教</a>（0.11%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  其他（0.01%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  未说明（0.29%）</div> </div> </div></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black"> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:#A6CEE3"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1334.943237006px; border-left-color:#B15928"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#B15928"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#B15928"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1231.0562950477px; border-left-color:pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:pink"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 997.64217879536px; border-left-color:maroon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:maroon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:maroon"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 448.69837715515px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 159.56209491665px; border-left-color:gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:gold"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 33.607092695522px; border-left-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Orange"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> 北方邦母语人口分布（2011年）<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="印地语">印地语</a>（80.16%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E6%9D%B0%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="博杰普尔语">博杰普尔语</a>（10.93%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="乌尔都语">乌尔都语</a>（5.42%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%93%A6%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="阿瓦德语">阿瓦德语</a>（1.9%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%81%E9%81%AE%E6%99%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="旁遮普語">旁遮普語</a>（0.3%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="孟加拉语">孟加拉语</a>（0.1%）</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  其他（1.19%）</div> </div> </div></div> 北方邦人口眾多，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%A2%9E%E9%95%BF%E7%8E%87" title="人口增长率">人口增長率</a>高。從1991年到2001年，人口增長26%以上。<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a>北方邦是印度人口最多的邦，2011年即已接近2億人，<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a>佔印度人口的16.2%。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="人口密度">人口密度</a>為每平方公里828人，也是印度人口最稠密的邦。<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a>北方邦擁有印度最大的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%88%97%E7%A7%8D%E5%A7%93%E5%92%8C%E8%A1%A8%E5%88%97%E9%83%A8%E8%90%BD" title="表列种姓和表列部落">表列種姓和表列部落</a>。<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> 2011年的<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="性别比例">性別比例</a>為912名女性對1000名男性，低於全國943的數字。<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a>該州2001-2011年的十年<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%A2%9E%E9%95%BF%E7%8E%87" title="人口增长率">人口增長率</a>為20.1%，高於全國的17.64%。<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a>人口中有許多仍生活在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%AB%E5%9B%B0%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="贫困线">貧困線</a>以下。<a href="#cite_note-poverty-108">[108]</a>根據<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="世界銀行">世界銀行</a>2016年文件，該州的減貧步伐慢於全國其他地區。<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%82%A8%E5%A4%87%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="印度储备银行">印度儲備銀行</a>發布的2011-12年度估計顯示，北方邦有5900萬人處於貧困線以下，為全印度最多。<a href="#cite_note-poverty-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a>尤其是中部和東部地區的貧困比例非常高。根據<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="印度政府">印度政府</a>計劃執行部的統計報告（2020年1月7日發布），該州人均收入低於每年8,000盧比（110美元）。<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> 2011年的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="人口普查">人口普查</a>顯示，印度人口最多的北方邦是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教">印度教</a>徒和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>人數最多的邦。<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a>按宗教劃分，2011年<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教">印度教</a>徒佔79.7%，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>占19.3%，<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="錫克教">錫克教</a>徒佔0.3%，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="基督宗教">基督宗教</a> 徒佔0.2%，<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%86%E9%82%A3%E6%95%99" title="耆那教">耆那教</a>徒佔0.1%，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>徒佔0.1%，其他佔0.3%。<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a>國家統計局(NSO)調查報告顯示，北方邦的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%98%E5%AD%97%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="識字率">識字率</a>為73%，低於77.7%的全國平均水平。該州農村地區男性識字率為80.5%，女性為60.4%，而城市地區男性識字率為86.8%，女性為74.9%。<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="语言">语言</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：语言">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="印地语">印地语</a>是北方邦官方行政用语<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a>，借由1951年官方语言法案确立，同时又在1989年通过修正案，纳入<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="乌尔都语">乌尔都语</a>为官方语言<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a>。大多數人口（80.16%）都使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="印地語">印地語</a>。<a href="#cite_note-linguistic-117">[117]</a>但大多數人也兼用当地方言。<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E9%83%BD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="烏爾都語">烏爾都語</a>有5.4%的人口使用。<a href="#cite_note-linguistic-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-language-118">[118]</a>該州其他語言包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%81%E9%81%AE%E6%99%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="旁遮普語">旁遮普語</a>（0.3%）和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="孟加拉語">孟加拉語</a>（0.1%）。<a href="#cite_note-language-118">[118]</a> 北方邦境内印地语的方言可分为<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%93%A6%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="阿瓦德语">阿瓦德语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%A5%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="巴哥里语">巴哥里语</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E6%81%A9%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布恩德里语（页面不存在）">布恩德里语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeli" class="extiw" title="en:Bundeli">Bundeli</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%9D%B0%E5%B7%B4%E6%B2%99%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布拉杰巴沙語（页面不存在）">布拉杰巴沙語</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braj_Bhasha" class="extiw" title="en:Braj Bhasha">Braj Bhasha</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%91%99%E6%9D%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡瑙杰语（页面不存在）">卡瑙杰语</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannauji" class="extiw" title="en:Kannauji">Kannauji</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="印度斯坦语">印度斯坦语</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a>，还分布着属东印度-雅利安语的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E6%9D%B0%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="博杰普尔语">博杰普尔语</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="治安">治安</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：治安">编辑</a>]</div> 北方邦存在司法暴力问题，根据<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度国家人权委员会（页面不存在）">印度国家人权委员会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_of_India" class="extiw" title="en:National Human Rights Commission of India">National Human Rights Commission of India</a>）的资料，北方邦是印度各邦执法时<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%AD%E9%81%87%E5%BC%8F%E6%9D%80%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遭遇式杀人（页面不存在）">遭遇式杀人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encounter_killings_by_police" class="extiw" title="en:Encounter killings by police">Encounter killings by police</a>）和拘禁死亡案例最多的<a href="#cite_note-Express-121">[121]</a>。2014年，北方邦记录有365桩司法死亡个案，而全国总个案数为1,530<a href="#cite_note-deaths-122">[122]</a>。2016年，全国3万个谋杀案中，北方邦占4,889个<a href="#cite_note-NHRC-123">[123]</a>。2011年<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国家犯罪记录局（页面不存在）">国家犯罪记录局</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Crime_Records_Bureau" class="extiw" title="en:National Crime Records Bureau">National Crime Records Bureau</a>）的资料显示，北方邦的罪案为全国最多，但考虑到人口众多，其人均犯罪率较低<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a>。而北方邦警察是全世界最大规模的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E9%9A%8A" title="警隊">警队</a><a href="#cite_note-armed_force-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-Highlight-127">[127]</a>。 北方邦是全国<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B" title="印度宗教暴力">宗教暴力</a>事件最多的邦，2014年，全印度23%的族群暴力事件发生于此<a href="#cite_note-rise_violence-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-violence_raise-129">[129]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="印度国家银行">印度国家银行</a>的资料显示，自1990年至2017年，北方邦的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="人类发展指数">人类发展指数</a>排名长达27年未有改善<a href="#cite_note-SBI-130">[130]</a>，增速较慢<a href="#cite_note-Index-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-HDI-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-growth-133">[133]</a>。 北方邦的交通事故遇难人数也是全国最高，2015年达到23,219<a href="#cite_note-RailRoad_Deaths-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-Highest-135">[135]</a>，其中有8,109人因驾驶员疏忽而丧命<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a>。2006年至2010年，北方邦遭遇三次恐怖袭击<a href="#cite_note-bomb09-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a>。2016年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94" title="坎普尔">坎普尔</a>一处巴士站遭遇连环爆炸攻击，2人死亡、30多人受伤<a href="#cite_note-Kanpur16-139">[139]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="教育">教育</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：教育">编辑</a>]</div> 北方邦教育历史悠久，但长期局限于精英教育和宗教教育<a href="#cite_note-schools-140">[140]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="吠陀文化">吠陀文化</a>到<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%88%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="笈多王朝">笈多王朝</a>时代主要是梵文学术，后来又因文化传播而传入<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="巴利语">巴利语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="波斯语">波斯语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿拉伯语">阿拉伯语</a>学术，形成印度教、佛教、伊斯兰教共存的学术体系，是英国殖民时代以前的主流。英国殖民机关和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8" title="基督教传教活动">基督教传教士</a>则在当地建立起西式公共教育<a href="#cite_note-Education_System-141">[141]</a>。 大多数学校使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="印地语">印地语</a>为教学语言<a href="#cite_note-Facts-142">[142]</a>，为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="印度教育">10+2+3学制</a>，包括十年基础教育，两年的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E6%9C%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="短期大学">短期大学</a>或是高级中学教育，及三年的大学本科教育。北方邦有多于45所大学<a href="#cite_note-universities-143">[143]</a>，包括五所<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)" title="中央大学 (印度)">中央大学</a>、二十八所<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%A6%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邦立大学（页面不存在）">邦立大学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_university_(India)" class="extiw" title="en:State university (India)">State university (India)</a>）、八所<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%90%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="等同大学">等同大学</a>，以及瓦拉纳西和坎普尔两间<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="印度理工學院">理工学院</a>、戈勒克布爾和巴雷利的两间医学院、勒克瑙的一间管理学院<a href="#cite_note-Universities-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-IIM-145">[145]</a>。 在北方邦接受或从事教育的名人有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E4%B8%87%E4%BB%80%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%8A%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E9%92%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈里万什·拉伊·巴钱（页面不存在）">哈里万什·拉伊·巴钱</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harivansh_Rai_Bachchan" class="extiw" title="en:Harivansh Rai Bachchan">Harivansh Rai Bachchan</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E9%80%96%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E8%B5%AB%E9%B2%81" title="莫逖拉尔·尼赫鲁">莫逖拉尔·尼赫鲁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C-%E9%92%B1%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="哈里希-钱德拉">哈里希-钱德拉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%BF%AA%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%94%98%E5%9C%B0" title="英迪拉·甘地">英迪拉·甘地</a><a href="#cite_note-scholars-146">[146]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="医疗">医疗</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：医疗">编辑</a>]</div> 北方邦公立和私立医疗兼有，公共醫療服務透過基層醫療網絡，包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="社區衛生中心">社區衛生中心</a>、地區<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E9%99%A2" title="醫院">醫院</a>和醫科學院提供。北方邦醫療資源相對不足<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a>，截至2013年的15年间，北方邦人口增长了25%，但社區衛生中心规模却缩小了8%<a href="#cite_note-health-148">[148]</a>。此外，医疗专业人士不足、成本过高、设备短缺亦是较严重的挑战，同时医疗系统亦被诟病为缺乏合理规划，而私立医疗规模则快速增长<a href="#cite_note-WHO-149">[149]</a>。截至2017年，北方邦的农村共有4,442间公立医院，39,104张床位，城区有193间公立医院，37,156间床位<a href="#cite_note-Hospitals-150">[150]</a>。 北方邦的新生兒寿命预期较鄰邦比哈爾邦少4年，较哈里亞納邦少5年，较喜馬偕爾邦少7年。在全国傳染病和非傳染病死亡個案中，北方邦所佔比例最高，包括48%的<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B7%E5%AF%92" class="mw-redirect" title="傷寒">傷寒</a>死亡個案（2014年）；17%的癌症死亡個案和18%的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="結核病">結核病</a>死亡個案（2015年）<a href="#cite_note-health-148">[148]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%95%E4%BA%A7%E5%A6%87%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="孕产妇死亡">孕产妇死亡</a>占比亦高于全国平均，62%的孕妇接受不到最小规模的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%A6%E7%94%A2%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="婦產科學">妇产医护</a><a href="#cite_note-NITI-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mortality-152">[152]</a>，42%（多于150万）的孕妇在家中生产<a href="#cite_note-Health_and_Family-153">[153]</a>。北方邦的<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E7%8E%87" title="儿童死亡率">儿童死亡率</a>为全国最高<a href="#cite_note-Child_mortality-154">[154]</a>，每1千名新生儿中有64名在五歲前死亡，35名兒童在出生後一個月內死亡，50名兒童未滿一歲便离世<a href="#cite_note-Rural-155">[155]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="政治">政治</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：政治">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vidhan_Sabha_Lucknow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="refer caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Vidhan_Sabha_Lucknow.jpg/220px-Vidhan_Sabha_Lucknow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Vidhan_Sabha_Lucknow.jpg/330px-Vidhan_Sabha_Lucknow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Vidhan_Sabha_Lucknow.jpg/440px-Vidhan_Sabha_Lucknow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E7%91%99" title="勒克瑙">勒克瑙</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC_(%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E7%91%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立法大楼 (勒克瑙)（页面不存在）">立法大楼</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidhan_Bhavan,_Lucknow" class="extiw" title="en:Vidhan Bhavan, Lucknow">Vidhan Bhavan, Lucknow</a>），为两院所在地</figcaption></figure> 北方邦实行<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%AD%B0%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="代議民主">代议民主制</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="议会制">议会制</a>，是印度六个实行<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E9%99%A2%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="两院制">两院制</a>的邦之一，分为和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%A6%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邦立法院 (印度)（页面不存在）">立法院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidhan_Sabha" class="extiw" title="en:Vidhan Sabha">Vidhan Sabha</a>）（下院）和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%A6%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E4%BC%9A_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邦立法会 (印度)（页面不存在）">立法会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidhan_Parishad" class="extiw" title="en:Vidhan Parishad">Vidhan Parishad</a>）（上院）<a href="#cite_note-vidhan_parishad-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vidhan_Sabha-157">[157]</a>。北方邦立法院有404个议席，议员任期五年。立法会有100个永久议席，议员任期六年，每两年三分之一的议员离任。北方邦是印度国会议员席位最多的邦<a href="#cite_note-elections-158">[158]</a>，下院<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E9%99%A2_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)" title="人民院 (印度)">人民院</a>占80席，上院<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E9%99%A2_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)" title="联邦院 (印度)">联邦院</a>占31席<a href="#cite_note-Grover1989-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a>。 北方邦政府为民主选举产生，邦长为宪政首长，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="印度总统">印度总统</a>任命，任期五年<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a>。立法院优势党派的党魁由邦长任命为首席部长，邦部长会议由邦长参照首席部长建议任命。邦长是礼仪性的邦元首，而首席部长和内阁负责日常行政工作。部长会议由内阁部长和国务部长组成，并有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%A6%E9%A6%96%E5%B8%AD%E7%A7%98%E4%B9%A6_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邦首席秘书 (印度)（页面不存在）">邦首席秘书</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Secretary_(India)" class="extiw" title="en:Chief Secretary (India)">Chief Secretary (India)</a>）带领的秘书处协助工作。首席秘书亦是政府的行政首长。部长是各个政府部门的首脑，有首席辅秘或<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%BB%E4%BB%BB%E7%A7%98%E4%B9%A6_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="主任秘书 (印度)（页面不存在）">主任秘书</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_Secretary_(India)" class="extiw" title="en:Principal Secretary (India)">Principal Secretary (India)</a>）协助<a href="#cite_note-:2-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-:64-163">[163]</a>。 北方邦的各个专区的行政长官称<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%93%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%93%E5%91%98_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="专区专员 (印度)（页面不存在）">专区专员</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisional_Commissioner" class="extiw" title="en:Divisional Commissioner">Divisional Commissioner</a>）<a href="#cite_note-:2-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-:42-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-:52-165">[165]</a>，各县的行政长官称<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%BF%E9%95%BF_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="县长 (印度)（页面不存在）">县长</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_collector" class="extiw" title="en:District collector">District collector</a>）<a href="#cite_note-:2-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-:022-166">[166]</a>，负责为辖区提供公共服务、维持法律秩序。 邦的司法机构包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%9A%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%90%89" title="普拉亚格拉吉">普拉亚格拉吉</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%8B%89%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安拉阿巴德高等法院（页面不存在）">高等法院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allahabad_High_Court" class="extiw" title="en:Allahabad High Court">Allahabad High Court</a>），勒克瑙的高等法院法庭，专区法院、县法院和乡法院<a href="#cite_note-:2-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-courts-167">[167]</a>。邦首席法官由印度总统根据联邦首席法官和北方邦邦长建议任命<a href="#cite_note-:2-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-Appointment-168">[168]</a>。 北方邦的四大政党主导着邦内政局：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)" title="社會黨 (印度)">社会党</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%97%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%9A" title="大众社会党">大眾社會黨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9A" title="印度人民党">印度人民党</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%9A" title="印度国民大会党">印度国民大会党</a><a href="#cite_note-politically_crucial_state-169">[169]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="经济">经济</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：经济">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IT_Park,_Noida,_Uttar_Pradesh_(2011-06-18).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="refer caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/IT_Park%2C_Noida%2C_Uttar_Pradesh_%282011-06-18%29.jpg/220px-IT_Park%2C_Noida%2C_Uttar_Pradesh_%282011-06-18%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/IT_Park%2C_Noida%2C_Uttar_Pradesh_%282011-06-18%29.jpg/330px-IT_Park%2C_Noida%2C_Uttar_Pradesh_%282011-06-18%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/IT_Park%2C_Noida%2C_Uttar_Pradesh_%282011-06-18%29.jpg/440px-IT_Park%2C_Noida%2C_Uttar_Pradesh_%282011-06-18%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E4%BC%8A%E8%BE%BE" title="诺伊达">诺伊达</a>的IT产业园区<a href="#cite_note-IT_parks-170">[170]</a></figcaption></figure> 北方邦2023年的地区生产总值达1800亿美元，排在印度<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%80%E7%BA%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度一级行政区地区生产总值列表（页面不存在）">第四位</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP" class="extiw" title="en:List of Indian states and union territories by GDP">List of Indian states and union territories by GDP</a>）<a href="#cite_note-:0-171">[171]</a>，占印度国内生产总值的8.4%<a href="#cite_note-RBI2023-172">[172]</a>。 北方邦位于肥沃的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B2%B3-%E6%81%92%E6%B2%B3%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="印度河-恒河平原">印度河-恒河平原</a>，农业是邦内就业人口最多的产业。根据印度品牌资产基金会（India Brand Equity Foundation，IBEF）的报告，2014-15年度，北方邦的粮食产量占全国粮食总产量的19%<a href="#cite_note-IBEF2015-173">[173]</a>。纺织业和制糖业是北方邦的传统产业，雇用的劳动力占工厂劳动力总数的很大比例。旅游业亦为北方邦的经济数字作出较大贡献<a href="#cite_note-Small_Scale_Industries-174">[174]</a>。北方邦是印度最大的<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%97%E7%B3%96" title="蔗糖">蔗糖</a>产地，印度约70%的蔗糖产自北方邦<a href="#cite_note-IBEF2015-173">[173]</a>。制造业方面以水泥业为最主要的产业<a href="#cite_note-ET-20130620-SMEs-175">[175]</a>。2009–10年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="第三产业">第三产业</a>占邦内生产总值的44.8%，排名最高，而<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="第一产业">第一产业</a>占44%，<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="第二产业">第二产业</a>占11.2%<a href="#cite_note-Investment-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-Service_sector-177">[177]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E4%BC%8A%E8%BE%BE" title="诺伊达">诺伊达</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9" title="密拉特">密拉特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89" title="阿格拉">阿格拉</a>是人均收入最高的三个县，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E7%91%99" title="勒克瑙">勒克瑙</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94" title="坎普尔">坎普尔</a>则排在第7位和第9位<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a>。 邦内的中小规模工业得到了官方于1954年成立的北方邦金融公司（Uttar Pradesh Financial Corporation，UPFC）的支持<a href="#cite_note-UPFC-179">[179]</a>。UPFC还通过单一窗口计划向有良好记录的现有单位和新单位提供周转资金<a href="#cite_note-statements-180">[180]</a>。世界银行于2016年发布的《印度营商便利度报告》中，北方邦名列前十名，在印度北部各邦中排名第一<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a>。根据北方邦预算文件（2019-20年），北方邦的债务负担占国内生产总值的29.8%<a href="#cite_note-Debt_HT-182">[182]</a>。 近年来，北方邦的经济增长率一直未能达到两位数<a href="#cite_note-Debt_HT-182">[182]</a>。在印度第十一个五年计划（2007年–2012年）期间，北方邦生产总值的平均增长率为7.3%，低于全国各邦15.5%的平均增长率<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-State_Finances-184">[184]</a>。 根据印度经济监测中心（Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy，CMIE）调查，2020年4月，北方邦的失业率达到21.5%，增长了11.4个百分点<a href="#cite_note-Unemployment-185">[185]</a>。2011年，北方邦的净迁出人口为印度最高<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a>，2011年人口普查的移民数据显示，有近 1440万人（占人口的14.7%）迁出北方邦<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a>。婚姻是女性迁出的主要原因，而男性迁出的最重要原因是就业<a href="#cite_note-Reasons-188">[188]</a>。 北方邦存在地区发展不均衡的问题，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8" title="北方邦西部">北方邦西部</a>的各项经济指标明显高于东部（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%AE%89%E6%81%B0%E5%B0%94" title="东安恰尔">东安恰尔</a>）地区<a href="#cite_note-TOI_Regions-189">[189]</a>，而东部地区仍面临基础设施不足、人口过密的社会经济困境<a href="#cite_note-NG_Journal-190">[190]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="交通">交通</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：交通">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delhi_Noida_Direct_flyway_(Uttar_Pradesh_-_2011-06-18).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Delhi_Noida_Direct_flyway_%28Uttar_Pradesh_-_2011-06-18%29.jpg/220px-Delhi_Noida_Direct_flyway_%28Uttar_Pradesh_-_2011-06-18%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Delhi_Noida_Direct_flyway_%28Uttar_Pradesh_-_2011-06-18%29.jpg/330px-Delhi_Noida_Direct_flyway_%28Uttar_Pradesh_-_2011-06-18%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Delhi_Noida_Direct_flyway_%28Uttar_Pradesh_-_2011-06-18%29.jpg/440px-Delhi_Noida_Direct_flyway_%28Uttar_Pradesh_-_2011-06-18%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>德里–诺伊达高速公路（Delhi–Noida Direct Flyway）</figcaption></figure> 北方邦地势平坦、人口众多，其铁路网规模位列印度各邦首位，但密度仅位于全国第六位。截至2015年，北方邦铁路里程9,077公里<a href="#cite_note-route_length-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-Network-192">[192]</a>。邦内分属<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="印度铁路">印度铁路</a>的中北区和东北区，安拉阿巴德和<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE" title="戈勒克布爾">戈勒克布尔</a>分别是中北区和东北部总部所在地<a href="#cite_note-North_Central_Railway-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-North-Eastern_Railways-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-security_system-195">[195]</a>。邦内沟通勒克瑙和新德里的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E7%91%99%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E6%B2%99%E5%A1%94%E5%B8%83%E8%BF%AA%E5%BF%AB%E8%BD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="勒克瑙斯瓦尔纳沙塔布迪快车（页面不存在）">沙塔布迪快车</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow_Swarna_Shatabdi_Express" class="extiw" title="en:Lucknow Swarna Shatabdi Express">Lucknow Swarna Shatabdi Express</a>），其时速位列全国各条沙塔布迪快车线的第二位。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94" title="坎普尔">坎普尔</a>和新德里之间有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%8E%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E2%80%93%E6%96%B0%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%B2%99%E5%A1%94%E5%B8%83%E8%BF%AA%E5%BF%AB%E8%BD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="坎普尔–新德里沙塔布迪快车（页面不存在）">坎普尔–新德里沙塔布迪快车</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanpur%E2%80%93New_Delhi_Shatabdi_Express" class="extiw" title="en:Kanpur–New Delhi Shatabdi Express">Kanpur–New Delhi Shatabdi Express</a>），是印度首条应用德国<a href="/w/index.php?title=LHB%E8%BD%A6%E5%8E%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LHB车厢（页面不存在）">LHB车厢</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LHB_coaches" class="extiw" title="en:LHB coaches">LHB coaches</a>）的铁路<a href="#cite_note-train-196">[196]</a>。邦内的勒克瑙和坎普尔建有地铁。 北方邦的公路里程为印度各邦第一<a href="#cite_note-ROAD_NETWORK-197">[197]</a>，邦内共建有42条国家高速公路，总长4,942公里，占全国总里程的8.9%<a href="#cite_note-NH_Share-198">[198]</a>，密度达每千平方公里1,027公里，位居全国第一，同时城市地表公路里程达50,721公里，亦是全国之冠<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a>。1972年，北方邦成立<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF%E8%BF%90%E8%BE%93%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北方邦国家公路运输公司（页面不存在）">北方邦国家公路运输公司</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" class="extiw" title="en:Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation">Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation</a>）负责公路公共运输服务<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a>。北方邦各大城市已由邦高速公路连通，各县首府都有四车道公路连接<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a>。 勒克瑙的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%94%E6%9D%9C%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%9F%A5%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E8%BE%9B%E6%A0%BC%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乔杜里·查兰·辛格国际机场（页面不存在）">乔杜里·查兰·辛格国际机场</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaudhary_Charan_Singh_International_Airport" class="extiw" title="en:Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport">Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport</a>）和瓦拉纳西的<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_Airport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport（页面不存在）">拉尔·巴哈杜尔·夏斯特里机场</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_Airport" class="extiw" title="en:Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport">Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport</a>）是北方邦的两大国际航空门户<a href="#cite_note-Airports-202">[202]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%98%E5%B0%B8%E9%82%A3%E6%8F%AD%E7%BE%85" title="拘尸那揭羅">拘尸那揭羅</a>亦建有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%98%E5%B0%B8%E9%82%A3%E6%8F%AD%E7%BE%85%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拘尸那揭羅国际机场（页面不存在）">国际机场</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushinagar_International_Airport" class="extiw" title="en:Kushinagar International Airport">Kushinagar International Airport</a>），但截至2023年仍未有国际航线开通<a href="#cite_note-Kushinagar_IA-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a>。阿格拉、安拉阿巴德、巴雷利、加濟阿巴德、戈勒克布爾、坎普尔建有机场，运营国内航线<a href="#cite_note-DFCCIL-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a>。诺伊达的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%BA%E4%BC%8A%E8%BE%BE%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="诺伊达国际机场（页面不存在）">国际机场</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noida_International_Airport" class="extiw" title="en:Noida International Airport">Noida International Airport</a>）在筹备当中，计划建于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E8%BE%BE%E6%91%A9%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90%E9%82%A3%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E5%8E%BF" title="乔达摩菩提那加尔县">乔达摩菩提那加尔县</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94" title="杰瓦尔">杰瓦尔</a>一带<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> <a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化">文化</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：文化">编辑</a>]</div> 北方邦下辖各县文化各有特色，传统上有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8" title="北方邦西部">西部</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%9D%B0" title="布拉杰">布拉杰</a>地区，中部的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%93%A6%E5%BE%B7" title="阿瓦德">阿瓦德</a>地区，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%AE%89%E6%81%B0%E5%B0%94" title="东安恰尔">东部</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E6%9D%B0%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94" title="博杰普尔">博杰普尔</a>地区，以及西南部的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AC%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%9D%8E%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="本德尔坎德（页面不存在）">本德尔坎德</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundelkhand" class="extiw" title="en:Bundelkhand">Bundelkhand</a>）地区和东南部的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E7%9B%96%E5%B0%94%E5%9D%8E%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴盖尔坎德（页面不存在）">巴盖尔坎德</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagelkhand" class="extiw" title="en:Bagelkhand">Bagelkhand</a>）地区。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文学">文学</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：文学">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurukshetra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kurukshetra.jpg/220px-Kurukshetra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kurukshetra.jpg/330px-Kurukshetra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kurukshetra.jpg/440px-Kurukshetra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>史诗《<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%AF%83%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%9A" title="摩诃婆罗多">摩诃婆罗多</a>》中的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%B1%E7%9B%A7%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="俱盧之戰">俱盧之戰</a></figcaption></figure> 北方邦所在地区是吠陀时代的文学中心之一，在此创作的著名文学家如<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E6%AF%94%E5%B0%94" title="迦比尔">迦比尔</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E8%BE%BE%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉维达斯（页面不存在）">拉维达斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravidas" class="extiw" title="en:Ravidas">Ravidas</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92%E8%A5%BF%E8%BE%BE%E6%96%AF" title="杜勒西达斯">杜勒西达斯</a>，其中杜勒西达斯《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%91%A9%E5%8A%9F%E8%A1%8C%E5%BD%95" title="罗摩功行录">罗摩功行录</a>》的大部分内容是在瓦拉纳西创作。如今民众会在传说中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%8D%9A%E4%BB%99%E4%BA%BA" title="广博仙人">广博仙人</a>生辰时庆祝<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%BC%E5%B8%88%E8%8A%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="导师节（页面不存在）">导师节</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Purnima" class="extiw" title="en:Guru Purnima">Guru Purnima</a>）<a href="#cite_note-ci-210">[210]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="音乐和舞蹈">音乐和舞蹈</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：音乐和舞蹈">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharmila_Sharma_et_Rajendra_Kumar_Gangani_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Sharmila_Sharma_et_Rajendra_Kumar_Gangani_2.jpg/220px-Sharmila_Sharma_et_Rajendra_Kumar_Gangani_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Sharmila_Sharma_et_Rajendra_Kumar_Gangani_2.jpg/330px-Sharmila_Sharma_et_Rajendra_Kumar_Gangani_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Sharmila_Sharma_et_Rajendra_Kumar_Gangani_2.jpg/440px-Sharmila_Sharma_et_Rajendra_Kumar_Gangani_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡塔克（页面不存在）">卡塔克舞</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathak" class="extiw" title="en:Kathak">Kathak</a>）</figcaption></figure> 北方邦各县的音乐和舞蹈各有特色。中世纪时期，北方邦地区兴起两类音乐，其一是宫廷音乐，主要分布在阿格拉、法泰赫普尔西克里、勒克瑙、江布尔、瓦拉纳西，另一类是宗教音乐，源于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%89%E7%88%B1%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奉爱运动（页面不存在）">奉爱运动</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhakti_movement" class="extiw" title="en:Bhakti movement">Bhakti movement</a>），分布在马图拉、沃林达文和阿约提亚<a href="#cite_note-Hindustani_Music-211">[211]</a>。索哈尔（Sohar）是北方邦一种流行的民间歌，是为庆祝生育所作；<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E8%B4%BE%E9%87%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡贾里（页面不存在）">卡贾里</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajari" class="extiw" title="en:Kajari">Kajari</a>），在雨季期间歌唱，有古典风格<a href="#cite_note-Kajari_Origin-212">[212]</a>。阿瓦德地区流行<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%89%8E%E5%8B%92" title="加扎勒">加扎勒</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E5%A7%86%E9%87%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏姆里（页面不存在）">苏姆里</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thumri" class="extiw" title="en:Thumri">Thumri</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%93%A6%E5%8A%9B" title="卡瓦力">卡瓦力</a>等<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%8F%B2%E6%B4%BE%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏菲派诗歌（页面不存在）">苏菲派诗歌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufi_poetry" class="extiw" title="en:Sufi poetry">Sufi poetry</a>），阿瓦德宫廷半古典的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E4%BA%9A%E5%B0%94_(%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡亚尔 (音乐)（页面不存在）">卡亚尔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khayal" class="extiw" title="en:Khayal">Khayal</a>）歌曲流传至今。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%9D%B0" title="布拉杰">布拉杰</a>地区流行<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A_(%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉西亚 (音乐)（页面不存在）">拉西亚</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasiya" class="extiw" title="en:Rasiya">Rasiya</a>），歌颂<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%A4%A9" title="黑天">黑天</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A6%B2" title="拉妲">拉妲</a>的神圣爱情。其他歌曲形式还有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E6%8B%89%E5%93%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="比拉哈（页面不存在）">比拉哈</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biraha" class="extiw" title="en:Biraha">Biraha</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%A5%E4%BC%8A%E8%92%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="查伊蒂（页面不存在）">查伊蒂</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaiti" class="extiw" title="en:Chaiti">Chaiti</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%94%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94_(%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乔塔尔 (音乐)（页面不存在）">乔塔尔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chowtal" class="extiw" title="en:Chowtal">Chowtal</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%93%88-%E5%9D%8E%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿尔哈-坎德（页面不存在）">阿尔哈-坎德</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alha-Khand" class="extiw" title="en:Alha-Khand">Alha-Khand</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨瓦尼（页面不存在）">萨瓦尼</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawani" class="extiw" title="en:Sawani">Sawani</a>）<a href="#cite_note-Hindustani_Music-211">[211]</a>。 印度古典舞<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡塔克（页面不存在）">卡塔克</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathak" class="extiw" title="en:Kathak">Kathak</a>）起源于北方邦<a href="#cite_note-walker100-213">[213]</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E5%88%A9%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉姆利拉（页面不存在）">拉姆利拉</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramlila" class="extiw" title="en:Ramlila">Ramlila</a>）舞蹈展现<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%91%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="罗摩">罗摩</a>生平，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%83%9C%E8%8A%82" title="十胜节">十胜节</a>期间表演，历史颇为悠久<a href="#cite_note-Schechner_Hess_1977-214">[214]</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%99%E5%9D%A6%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑙坦基（页面不存在）">瑙坦基</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautanki" class="extiw" title="en:Nautanki">Nautanki</a>）也是起源于北方邦，属于一种传统剧，题材丰富，涵盖神话传说、历史故事、社会和政治评论等<a href="#cite_note-Nautanki-215">[215]</a>。勒克瑙和瓦拉纳西有传统的卡塔克舞及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E9%BC%93" title="塔布拉鼓">塔布拉鼓</a>社群<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a>。布拉杰地区还流行<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%A5%E5%BA%93%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="查库拉（页面不存在）">查库拉</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charkula" class="extiw" title="en:Charkula">Charkula</a>）舞<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="节庆">节庆</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：节庆">编辑</a>]</div> 北方邦东部地区庆祝<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%9E%E8%8A%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日神节（页面不存在）">日神节</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhath" class="extiw" title="en:Chhath">Chhath</a>），在当地最为盛大隆重<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a>。恒河畔<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%9A%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%90%89" title="普拉亚格拉吉">普拉亚格拉吉</a>每隔十二年庆祝一次的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A3%BA%E7%AF%80" title="大壺節">大壺節</a>也是广为人知的盛大节日<a href="#cite_note-maclean2003-219">[219]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E7%BA%B3" title="巴尔萨纳">巴尔萨纳</a>地区以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E4%BE%AF%E4%B8%BD%E8%8A%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉特马尔侯丽节（页面不存在）">拉特马尔侯丽节</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lathmar_Holi" class="extiw" title="en:Lathmar Holi">Lathmar Holi</a>）为特色，又有媒体称之为“棒打男人节”，在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AF%E4%B8%BD%E8%8A%82" title="侯丽节">侯丽节</a>之前庆祝<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a>。阿格拉人有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E5%A7%AC%E8%8A%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泰姬节（页面不存在）">泰姬节</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahotsav" class="extiw" title="en:Taj Mahotsav">Taj Mahotsav</a>），为布拉杰地区文化的特色之一<a href="#cite_note-Braj_Holi-221">[221]</a>。瓦拉纳西地区在<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E7%87%88%E7%AF%80" title="排燈節">排燈節</a>后的十五日庆祝<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%B8%E7%A5%9E%E6%8E%92%E7%81%AF%E8%8A%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="诸神排灯节（页面不存在）">诸神排灯节</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dev_Deepawali_(Varanasi)" class="extiw" title="en:Dev Deepawali (Varanasi)">Dev Deepawali (Varanasi)</a>），是印度<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%A1%E6%9C%88%E8%8A%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="满月节（页面不存在）">满月节</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartika_Purnima" class="extiw" title="en:Kartika Purnima">Kartika Purnima</a>）的一种<a href="#cite_note-traditions-222">[222]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="饮食">饮食</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：饮食">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vegetarian_Curry.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Vegetarian_Curry.jpeg/220px-Vegetarian_Curry.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Vegetarian_Curry.jpeg/330px-Vegetarian_Curry.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Vegetarian_Curry.jpeg/440px-Vegetarian_Curry.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>北方邦饮食：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%95" title="馕">馕</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%89%81%E8%B1%86%E6%B9%AF" title="印度扁豆湯">扁豆湯</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E9%85%B8%E5%A5%B6%E6%B2%99%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度酸奶沙拉（页面不存在）">酸奶沙拉</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/raita" class="extiw" title="en:raita">raita</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%A5%B6%E9%85%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皇家奶酪（页面不存在）">皇家奶酪</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/shahi_paneer" class="extiw" title="en:shahi paneer">shahi paneer</a>）</figcaption></figure> 北方邦饮食以<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E8%87%A5%E5%85%92%E8%8F%9C" title="莫臥兒菜">莫臥兒菜</a>为代表，源自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8" title="印度北部">印度北部</a>传统的烹饪风格，融合了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A%E9%A5%AE%E9%A3%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中亚饮食（页面不存在）">中亚饮食</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asian_cuisine" class="extiw" title="en:Central Asian cuisine">Central Asian cuisine</a>）的特色。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E7%91%99" title="勒克瑙">勒克瑙</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%93%A6%E5%BE%B7%E9%A5%AE%E9%A3%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿瓦德饮食（页面不存在）">阿瓦德饮食</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awadhi_cuisine" class="extiw" title="en:Awadhi cuisine">Awadhi cuisine</a>）亦受到莫卧儿菜的强烈影响<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%82%91%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%BA" title="博傑普里人">博傑普里人</a>有特色的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%9A%E5%82%91%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E9%A5%AE%E9%A3%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="博傑普里饮食（页面不存在）">博傑普里饮食</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhojpuri_cuisine" class="extiw" title="en:Bhojpuri cuisine">Bhojpuri cuisine</a>）文化，调味清淡<a href="#cite_note-Bhojpuri_Cuisine-224">[224]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="体育">体育</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：体育">编辑</a>]</div> 传统运动如<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%94%E8%B7%A4" title="摔跤">摔跤</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B6%E6%8A%80%E6%B8%B8%E6%B3%B3" title="競技游泳">游泳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B7%B4%E8%BF%AA" title="卡巴迪">卡巴迪</a>及各类田径和水上运动在当地主要是消遣娱乐的形式，依照松散的传统规则进行，不依赖专业设备，也缺乏有组织的赞助。有些运动侧重于展示武术技巧，如帕塔棍术（Pata）<a href="#cite_note-Rao2005-225">[225]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E5%9C%B0%E6%9B%B2%E6%A3%8D%E7%90%83" title="草地曲棍球">草地曲棍球</a>在北方邦颇受欢迎，许多顶尖的运动员出身于此<a href="#cite_note-player-226">[226]</a>。近年来，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E7%90%83" title="板球">板球</a>更为热门<a href="#cite_note-Cricket_Legacy-227">[227]</a>，2006年2月，北方邦代表队击败孟加拉队，首夺<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B0%E5%90%89%E7%9B%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="兰吉盃（页面不存在）">兰吉盃</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranji_Trophy" class="extiw" title="en:Ranji Trophy">Ranji Trophy</a>）<a href="#cite_note-Ranji_Trophy-228">[228]</a>。摔跤有较悠久的历史和群众基础，北方邦开设有许多传统的摔跤学校<a href="#cite_note-Kushti-229">[229]</a>。 2011年10月30日，首届<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%A5%96%E8%B5%9B" title="印度大奖赛">印度大奖赛</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E9%99%80%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%B5%9B%E9%81%93" title="佛陀国际赛道">佛陀国际赛道</a>举行<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Grand_Prix-230">[230]</a>，该赛事共举办过三届，2013年起暂停。分析指该赛事缺乏北方邦政府支持，当局将<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%BA%A7%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%B5%9B%E8%BD%A6" title="一级方程式赛车">一级方程式赛车</a>认定为娱乐项目，而非体育项目，故向赛事方和参赛者额外征税<a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-231">[231]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="旅游">旅游</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：旅游">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kumbh_Mela_2013_Sangam,_Allahabd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kumbh_Mela_2013_Sangam%2C_Allahabd.jpg/220px-Kumbh_Mela_2013_Sangam%2C_Allahabd.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kumbh_Mela_2013_Sangam%2C_Allahabd.jpg/330px-Kumbh_Mela_2013_Sangam%2C_Allahabd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kumbh_Mela_2013_Sangam%2C_Allahabd.jpg/440px-Kumbh_Mela_2013_Sangam%2C_Allahabd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1709" /></a><figcaption>2013年<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A3%BA%E7%AF%80" title="大壺節">大壺節</a>，庆祝人群聚集在<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%9A%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%90%89" title="普拉亚格拉吉">普拉亚格拉吉</a></figcaption></figure> 北方邦是全印度接待国内游客最多的邦<a href="#cite_note-Board2010-232">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tourism-233">[233]</a>。2021年，约有4.4万名国际游客及1.1亿国内游客到此游览<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a>。北方邦境内有三项<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="世界遗产">世界遗产</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%A7%AC%E9%99%B5" title="泰姬陵">泰姬陵</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%A0%A1" title="阿格拉堡">阿格拉堡</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%B3%B0%E8%B5%AB%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C" title="法泰赫普尔西克里">法泰赫普尔西克里</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a>，皆是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%8D%A7%E5%84%BF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="莫卧儿帝国">莫卧儿帝国</a>极盛时期的建筑艺术典范。泰姬陵在2018年至2019年吸引了700万游客前来参观，门票收入达7.8亿卢比（1,211.34万美元）<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a>。 很大一部分游客属于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教旅游（页面不存在）">宗教旅游</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_tourism" class="extiw" title="en:Religious tourism">Religious tourism</a>）人士。北方邦的<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="瓦拉纳西">瓦拉纳西</a>是印度教和<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%86%E9%82%A3%E6%95%99" title="耆那教">耆那教</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B8%95%E5%A1%94%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C" title="萨帕塔普里">七大圣城</a>之一<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E6%9E%97%E8%BE%BE%E6%96%87" title="沃林达文">沃林达文</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%98%E6%BF%95%E5%A5%B4%E6%B4%BE" title="毘濕奴派">毘濕奴派</a>圣地<a href="#cite_note-Hawley-242">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-Madan-243">[243]</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8D%E8%A1%9B%E5%9F%8E" title="舍衛城">舍衛城</a>则是佛陀说法之处<a href="#cite_note-PIB_2019-244">[244]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BA%A6%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9A" title="阿约提亚">阿约提亚</a>被认为是神话英雄<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%91%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="罗摩">罗摩</a>的出生地，亦是重要的朝圣目的地<a href="#cite_note-Paramasivan-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-AboutDistrict-246">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a>。而每逢约十二年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%9A%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%90%89" title="普拉亚格拉吉">普拉亚格拉吉</a>举行的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A3%BA%E7%AF%80" title="大壺節">大壶节</a>庆典则会吸引超过1千万人到此庆祝，是为世界文化奇观<a href="#cite_note-Magh_Mela-248">[248]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8A%E8%BF%A6%E7%89%9F%E5%B0%BC" title="释迦牟尼">释迦牟尼</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E9%87%8E%E8%8B%91" title="鹿野苑">鹿野苑</a>初次说法，又在<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8D%E8%A1%9B%E5%9F%8E" title="舍衛城">舍衛城</a>居住说法二十多年，并在<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%98%E5%B0%B8%E9%82%A3%E6%8F%AD%E7%BE%85" title="拘尸那揭羅">拘尸那揭羅</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%85%E6%A7%83" title="涅槃">涅槃</a>，因而这些城镇都是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>徒的朝圣地<a href="#cite_note-SARNATH-249">[249]</a>。鹿野苑的古迹<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%82%B2%E7%8E%8B%E6%9F%B1" title="阿育王柱">阿育王柱</a>也是印度文化的象征。<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E4%BC%BD%E6%96%BD" title="桑伽施">桑伽施</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E8%81%96%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="佛教八大聖地">佛教八大聖地</a>之一，相傳為佛陀由<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%89%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%A9" title="忉利天">忉利天</a>返回之處。西部的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%91%99%E5%AD%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="卡瑙季">卡瑙季</a>，《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98" title="大唐西域記">大唐西域記</a>》稱之為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E5%A5%B3%E5%9F%8E" title="曲女城">曲女城</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%92%E6%97%A5%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="戒日王">戒日王</a>曾於曲女城為<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A5%98" title="玄奘">玄奘</a>舉辦無遮大會確立了“真唯識量”，還記載了與<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E8%91%97" class="mw-redirect" title="無著">無著</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E8%A6%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="世親">世親</a>論師有關的古城阿约提亚。 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E8%A5%BF" title="占西">占西</a>城的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A0%E8%A5%BF%E5%A0%A1%E5%9E%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="占西堡垒（页面不存在）">占西堡垒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhansi_Fort" class="extiw" title="en:Jhansi Fort">Jhansi Fort</a>）是按印度中世纪堡垒的作法修建，城墙厚实，内有各式建筑，融合了印度本土和伊斯兰风格<a href="#cite_note-UP_Monuments-250">[250]</a>，是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="印度民族起义">印度民族起义</a>重要战场之一<a href="#cite_note-Jhansi_Fort-251">[251]</a>。距离瓦拉纳西80公里的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%8C%B2%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE%E7%B8%A3" title="加茲布爾縣">加茲布爾</a>不仅有恒河<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%A3%87" title="河壇">河壇</a>，也是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="英国东印度公司">英国东印度公司</a>总督、著名军人<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E5%BA%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E4%BE%AF%E7%88%B5%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="第一代康沃利斯侯爵查爾斯·康沃利斯">康华利侯爵</a>的葬身地<a href="#cite_note-Joon-252">[252]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见">参见</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：参见">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8" title="北方邦西部">北方邦西部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9%E9%82%A6" title="哈里特邦">哈里特邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%93%A6%E5%BE%B7" title="阿瓦德">阿瓦德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%AE%89%E6%81%B0%E5%B0%94" title="东安恰尔">东安恰尔</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献">参考文献</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：参考文献">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-UPDay-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UPDay_1-0">1.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPDay_1-1">1.1</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/may/02/uttar-pradesh-introduces-new-transfer-policy-1600219.html">United Province, UP was notified in Union gazette on January 24, 1950</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%BF%AB%E5%A0%B1" title="新印度快報">The New Indian Express</a>. 2017-05-02 [2017-05-04]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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R. Kennedy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W6zQHNavWlsC&pg=PA263">God-apes and Fossil Men</a>. University of Michigan Press. 2000: 263 [2012-07-23]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0472110136" title="Special:网络书源/0472110136">ISBN 0472110136</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170324214237/https://books.google.com/books?id=W6zQHNavWlsC&pg=PA263">存档</a>于2017-03-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=Kenneth+A.+R.+Kennedy&rft.btitle=God-apes+and+Fossil+Men&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0472110136&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW6zQHNavWlsC%26pg%3DPA263&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Bridget Allchin, Frank Raymond Allchin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r4s-YsP6vcIC&pg=PA119">The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan</a>. Cambridge University Press. 1982: 119 [2012-07-23]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/052128550X" title="Special:网络书源/052128550X">ISBN 052128550X</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180303134041/https://books.google.com/books?id=r4s-YsP6vcIC&pg=PA119">存档</a>于2018-03-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=Bridget+Allchin%2C+Frank+Raymond+Allchin&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Civilization+in+India+and+Pakistan&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=052128550X&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr4s-YsP6vcIC%26pg%3DPA119&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Misra, V N. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/article/jbsc/026/04/0491-0531">Prehistoric human colonization of India</a>. Journal of Biosciences (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Academy of Sciences（页面不存在）">Indian Academy of Sciences</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Academy_of_Sciences" class="extiw" title="en:Indian Academy of Sciences">Indian Academy of Sciences</a>）). November 2001, 26 (4 Supp): 491–531 [2017-09-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11779962">PMID 11779962</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26248907">S2CID 26248907</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fbf02704749">doi:10.1007/bf02704749</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171007171203/http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/article/jbsc/026/04/0491-0531">存档</a>于2017-10-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.atitle=Prehistoric+human+colonization+of+India&rft.aufirst=V+N&rft.aulast=Misra&rft.date=2001-11&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4+Supp&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biosciences&rft.pages=491-531&rft.volume=26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ias.ac.in%2Fdescribe%2Farticle%2Fjbsc%2F026%2F04%2F0491-0531&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A26248907&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fbf02704749&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11779962&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Uttar-Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh – History</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. [2020-01-12]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200401072447/https://www.britannica.com/place/Uttar-Pradesh">存档</a>于2020-04-01）. <q>A systematic history of India and the area of Uttar Pradesh dates to the end of the 7th century BCE, when 16 mahajanapadas (great states) in northern India were contending for supremacy. Of those, seven fell entirely within the present-day boundaries of Uttar Pradesh.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.atitle=Uttar+Pradesh+%E2%80%93+History&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FUttar-Pradesh&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Sen1999-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sen1999_22-0">22.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sen1999_22-1">22.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sen1999_22-2">22.2</a> <cite class="citation book">Sailendra Nath Sen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA105">Ancient Indian History And Civilization</a>. New Age International. 1999: 105–106 [2012-10-01]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-8122411980" title="Special:网络书源/978-8122411980">ISBN 978-8122411980</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528155843/http://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA105">存档</a>于2013-05-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=Sailendra+Nath+Sen&rft.btitle=Ancient+Indian+History+And+Civilization&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-8122411980&rft.pages=105-106&rft.pub=New+Age+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWk4_ICH_g1EC%26pg%3DPA105&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Buck2000-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Buck2000_23-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">William Buck. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vvuIp2kqIkMC">Ramayana</a>. Motilal Banarsidass. 2000 [2012-10-01]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-8120817203" title="Special:网络书源/978-8120817203">ISBN 978-8120817203</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130604213755/http://books.google.com/books?id=vvuIp2kqIkMC">存档</a>于2013-06-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=William+Buck&rft.btitle=Ramayana&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-8120817203&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvvuIp2kqIkMC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-White2010-24"><a href="#cite_ref-White2010_24-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Richard White. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fHLfiOZVzmMC">The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650–1815</a>. Cambridge University Press. 2010 [2012-10-01]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1107005624" title="Special:网络书源/978-1107005624">ISBN 978-1107005624</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528145049/http://books.google.com/books?id=fHLfiOZVzmMC">存档</a>于2013-05-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=Richard+White&rft.btitle=The+Middle+Ground%3A+Indians%2C+Empires%2C+and+Republics+in+the+Great+Lakes+Region%2C+1650%E2%80%931815&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1107005624&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfHLfiOZVzmMC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Corporation2007-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Corporation2007_25-0">25.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corporation2007_25-1">25.1</a> <cite class="citation book">Marshall Cavendish Corporation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V1pQkwIXTG0C&pg=PA331">World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia</a>. Marshall Cavendish. 2007: 331–335 [2012-10-01]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0761476313" title="Special:网络书源/978-0761476313">ISBN 978-0761476313</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605122741/http://books.google.com/books?id=V1pQkwIXTG0C&pg=PA331">存档</a>于2013-06-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=Marshall+Cavendish+Corporation&rft.btitle=World+and+Its+Peoples%3A+Eastern+and+Southern+Asia&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0761476313&rft.pages=331-335&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV1pQkwIXTG0C%26pg%3DPA331&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Chopra2003-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chopra2003_26-0">26.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chopra2003_26-1">26.1</a> <cite class="citation book">Pran Nath Chopra. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gE7udqBkACwC&pg=PA196">A Comprehensive History of Ancient India</a>. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 2003: 196 [2012-10-01]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-8120725034" title="Special:网络书源/978-8120725034">ISBN 978-8120725034</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528140148/http://books.google.com/books?id=gE7udqBkACwC&pg=PA196">存档</a>于2013-05-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=Pran+Nath+Chopra&rft.btitle=A+Comprehensive+History+of+Ancient+India&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-8120725034&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishers+Pvt.+Ltd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgE7udqBkACwC%26pg%3DPA196&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowman2000-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bowman2000_27-0">27.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowman2000_27-1">27.1</a> <cite class="citation book">John Stewart Bowman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/columbiachronolo00john">Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture</a><img alt="需要免费注册" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. Columbia University Press. 2000: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/columbiachronolo00john/page/273">273</a> [2012-08-02]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0231110044" title="Special:网络书源/978-0231110044">ISBN 978-0231110044</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=John+Stewart+Bowman&rft.btitle=Columbia+Chronologies+of+Asian+History+and+Culture&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0231110044&rft.pages=273&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolumbiachronolo00john&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E9%9C%80%E7%99%BB%E5%85%A5%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有內容需登入查看的頁面">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> * <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashirbadi_Lal_Srivastava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava（页面不存在）">Srivastava, Ashirvadi Lal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/sultanateofdelhi001929mbp#page/n5/mode/2up">The Sultanate of Delhi 711–1526 A D</a>. Shiva Lal Agarwala & Company. 1929 [2018-04-29]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408110410/https://archive.org/stream/sultanateofdelhi001929mbp#page/n5/mode/2up">存档</a>于2016-04-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.aufirst=Ashirvadi+Lal&rft.aulast=Srivastava&rft.btitle=The+Sultanate+of+Delhi+711%E2%80%931526+A+D&rft.date=1929&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Shiva+Lal+Agarwala+%26+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fsultanateofdelhi001929mbp%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Unesco1998-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Unesco1998_29-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Islam; Bosworth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=18eABeokpjEC&pg=PA269">History of Civilizations of Central Asia</a>. UNESCO. 1998: 269–291 [2020-05-21]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-9231034671" title="Special:网络书源/978-9231034671">ISBN 978-9231034671</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328162944/https://books.google.com/books?id=18eABeokpjEC&pg=PA269#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2024-03-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=Bosworth&rft.au=Islam&rft.btitle=History+of+Civilizations+of+Central+Asia&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-9231034671&rft.pages=269-291&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D18eABeokpjEC%26pg%3DPA269&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Atala-30"><a href="#cite_ref-Atala_30-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jaunpur.nic.in/tourist-place/atala-masjid/">Atala Masjid</a>. District Jaunpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh. 2017-06-20 [2024-05-06].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.atitle=Atala+Masjid&rft.date=2017-06-20&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=District+Jaunpur%2C+Government+of+Uttar+Pradesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjaunpur.nic.in%2Ftourist-place%2Fatala-masjid%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Tughluq_Tomb-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Tughluq_Tomb_31-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Datta, Rangan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/exploring-the-tomb-of-ghiyasuddin-tughlaq-near-tughlaqabad-fort-in-south-delhi/cid/1875958">The tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq</a>. Telegraph India. 2022-07-22 [2024-05-06].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.atitle=The+tomb+of+Ghiyasuddin+Tughlaq&rft.aufirst=Rangan&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.date=2022-07-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telegraph+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2Fmy-kolkata%2Fplaces%2Fexploring-the-tomb-of-ghiyasuddin-tughlaq-near-tughlaqabad-fort-in-south-delhi%2Fcid%2F1875958&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927121217/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/mughals/">The Islamic World to 1600: Rise of the Great Islamic Empires (The Mughal Empire)</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/mughals/">原始内容</a>存档于2011-09-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+World+to+1600%3A+Rise+of+the+Great+Islamic+Empires+%28The+Mughal+Empire%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucalgary.ca%2Fapplied_history%2Ftutor%2Fislam%2Fempires%2Fmughals%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Schimmel2004-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schimmel2004_33-0">33.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schimmel2004_33-1">33.1</a> <cite class="citation book">Annemarie Schimmel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empireofgreatmug00anne">The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture</a><img alt="需要免费注册" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. Reaktion Books. 2004 [2012-10-01]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1861891853" title="Special:网络书源/978-1861891853">ISBN 978-1861891853</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=Annemarie+Schimmel&rft.btitle=The+Empire+of+the+Great+Mughals%3A+History%2C+Art+and+Culture&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1861891853&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fempireofgreatmug00anne&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E9%9C%80%E7%99%BB%E5%85%A5%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有內容需登入查看的頁面">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-HindustanHiro2006-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HindustanHiro2006_34-0">34.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HindustanHiro2006_34-1">34.1</a> <cite class="citation book">Babur (Emperor of Hindustan); Dilip Hiro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VW2HJL689wgC">Babur Nama: Journal of Emperor Babur</a>. Penguin Books India. 2006 [2012-10-01]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0144001491" title="Special:网络书源/978-0144001491">ISBN 978-0144001491</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528160214/http://books.google.com/books?id=VW2HJL689wgC">存档</a>于2013-05-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=Babur+%28Emperor+of+Hindustan%29&rft.au=Dilip+Hiro&rft.btitle=Babur+Nama%3A+Journal+of+Emperor+Babur&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0144001491&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVW2HJL689wgC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramirez-Faria2007-35"><a href="#cite_ref-Ramirez-Faria2007_35-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Carlos Ramirez-Faria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gGKsS-9h4BYC&pg=PA171">Concise Encyclopeida of World History</a>. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. 2007: 171 [2012-08-02]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-8126907755" title="Special:网络书源/978-8126907755">ISBN 978-8126907755</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528155918/http://books.google.com/books?id=gGKsS-9h4BYC&pg=PA171">存档</a>于2013-05-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=Carlos+Ramirez-Faria&rft.btitle=Concise+Encyclopeida+of+World+History&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-8126907755&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Dist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgGKsS-9h4BYC%26pg%3DPA171&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Hindustan-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Hindustan_36-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Stronge, Susan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PVrSYgEACAAJ&q=hindustan+by+mughal">Mughal Hindustan is renowned for its opulence</a>. London: The Arts of the Sikh Kingdoms. 2012: 255 [2012-07-23]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9788174366962" title="Special:网络书源/9788174366962">ISBN 9788174366962</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216115741/https://books.google.com/books?id=PVrSYgEACAAJ&dq=hindustan+by+mughal">存档</a>于2017-02-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.aulast=Stronge&rft.btitle=Mughal+Hindustan+is+renowned+for+its+opulence&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9788174366962&rft.pages=255&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Arts+of+the+Sikh+Kingdoms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPVrSYgEACAAJ%26q%3Dhindustan%2Bby%2Bmughal&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Agrawal1983-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Agrawal1983_37-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Ashvini Agrawal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AZdCrUxFAHEC&pg=PA30">Studies in Mughal History</a>. Motilal Banarsidass. 1983: 30–46 [2012-07-27]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-8120823266" title="Special:网络书源/978-8120823266">ISBN 978-8120823266</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528153902/http://books.google.com/books?id=AZdCrUxFAHEC&pg=PA30">存档</a>于2013-05-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=Ashvini+Agrawal&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Mughal+History&rft.date=1983&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-8120823266&rft.pages=30-46&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAZdCrUxFAHEC%26pg%3DPA30&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Fergus Nicoll, Shah Jahan: The Rise and Fall of the Mughal Emperor (2009) </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Mayaram, Shail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/againsthistoryag0000maya">Against history, against state: counterperspectives from the margins Cultures of history</a>. Columbia University Press. 2003. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0231127318" title="Special:网络书源/978-0231127318">ISBN 978-0231127318</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.aufirst=Shail&rft.aulast=Mayaram&rft.btitle=Against+history%2C+against+state%3A+counterperspectives+from+the+margins+Cultures+of+history&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0231127318&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fagainsthistoryag0000maya&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Kudaisya2006-40"><a href="#cite_ref-Kudaisya2006_40-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Gyanesh Kudaisya. Region, nation, "heartland": Uttar Pradesh in India's body-politic. LIT Verlag Münster. 1994: 126–376. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3825820978" title="Special:网络书源/978-3825820978">ISBN 978-3825820978</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=Gyanesh+Kudaisya&rft.btitle=Region%2C+nation%2C+%22heartland%22%3A+Uttar+Pradesh+in+India%27s+body-politic&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3825820978&rft.pages=126-376&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag+M%C3%BCnster&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Sivaramakrishnan1999-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Sivaramakrishnan1999_41-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">K. Sivaramakrishnan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TM7oYBG4M04C&pg=PA240">Modern Forests: Statemaking and Environmental Change in Colonial Eastern India</a>. Stanford University Press. 1999: 240–276 [2012-07-26]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0804745567" title="Special:网络书源/978-0804745567">ISBN 978-0804745567</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528135332/http://books.google.com/books?id=TM7oYBG4M04C&pg=PA240">存档</a>于2013-05-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=K.+Sivaramakrishnan&rft.btitle=Modern+Forests%3A+Statemaking+and+Environmental+Change+in+Colonial+Eastern+India&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0804745567&rft.pages=240-276&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTM7oYBG4M04C%26pg%3DPA240&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Ashutosh Joshi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&q=Naini&pg=PA151">Town Planning Regeneration of Cities</a>. New India Publishing. 2008: 237. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-8189422820" title="Special:网络书源/978-8189422820">ISBN 978-8189422820</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180303134041/https://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&pg=PA151&dq=Naini&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CN7OUsznI8yTrgeDwYDgCw&ved=0CDEQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=Allahabad%20capital&f=false">存档</a>于2018-03-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=Ashutosh+Joshi&rft.btitle=Town+Planning+Regeneration+of+Cities&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-8189422820&rft.pages=237&rft.pub=New+India+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUFaGME0XDBkC%26q%3DNaini%26pg%3DPA151&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Mukherjee2005-43"><a href="#cite_ref-Mukherjee2005_43-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Rudrangshu Mukherjee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-SluAAAAMAAJ">Mangal Pandey: brave martyr or accidental hero?</a>. Penguin Books. 2005 [2012-10-01]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0143032564" title="Special:网络书源/978-0143032564">ISBN 978-0143032564</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605164801/http://books.google.com/books?id=-SluAAAAMAAJ">存档</a>于2013-06-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=Rudrangshu+Mukherjee&rft.btitle=Mangal+Pandey%3A+brave+martyr+or+accidental+hero%3F&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0143032564&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-SluAAAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Chakrabarti1997-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Chakrabarti1997_44-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Dilip K. 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Ltd. 1997: 257 [2012-07-26]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-8121507509" title="Special:网络书源/978-8121507509">ISBN 978-8121507509</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528140749/http://books.google.com/books?id=ADZuAAAAMAAJ">存档</a>于2013-05-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=Dilip+K.+Chakrabarti&rft.btitle=Colonial+Indology%3A+sociopolitics+of+the+ancient+Indian+past&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-8121507509&rft.pages=257&rft.place=Michigan&rft.pub=Munshiram+Manoharlal+Publishers+Pvt.+Ltd.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DADZuAAAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohn1996-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Cohn1996_45-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Bernard S. Cohn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uIalYaenrTkC">Colonialism and Its Forms of Knowledge: The British in India</a>. Princeton University Press. 1996: 189 [2012-07-26]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0691000435" title="Special:网络书源/978-0691000435">ISBN 978-0691000435</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528150524/http://books.google.com/books?id=uIalYaenrTkC">存档</a>于2013-05-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=Bernard+S.+Cohn&rft.btitle=Colonialism+and+Its+Forms+of+Knowledge%3A+The+British+in+India&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0691000435&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuIalYaenrTkC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-(India)Drake-Brockman1934-46"><a href="#cite_ref-(India)Drake-Brockman1934_46-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">United Provinces of Agra and Oudh (India); D.L. Drake-Brockman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VUNuAAAAMAAJ">District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh: supp.D.Pilibhit District</a>. Supdt., Government Press, United Provinces. 1934 [2012-10-01]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528131217/http://books.google.com/books?id=VUNuAAAAMAAJ">存档</a>于2013-05-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=D.L.+Drake-Brockman&rft.au=United+Provinces+of+Agra+and+Oudh+%28India%29&rft.btitle=District+Gazetteers+of+the+United+Provinces+of+Agra+and+Oudh%3A+supp.D.Pilibhit+District&rft.date=1934&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Supdt.%2C+Government+Press%2C+United+Provinces&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVUNuAAAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilkinson-Weber1999-47"><a href="#cite_ref-Wilkinson-Weber1999_47-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Clare M. Wilkinson-Weber. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ChwRC6hQttoC&pg=PA18">Embroidering Lives: Women's Work and Skill in the Lucknow Embroidery Industry</a>. SUNY Press. 1999: 18 [2020-05-24]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0791440872" title="Special:网络书源/978-0791440872">ISBN 978-0791440872</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328164501/https://books.google.com/books?id=ChwRC6hQttoC&pg=PA18#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2024-03-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=Clare+M.+Wilkinson-Weber&rft.btitle=Embroidering+Lives%3A+Women%27s+Work+and+Skill+in+the+Lucknow+Embroidery+Industry&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0791440872&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DChwRC6hQttoC%26pg%3DPA18&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Lucknow_Bench-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Lucknow_Bench_48-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Mathur, Prakash Narain. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/event/AHistoryLucknowBenchPNMathur.pdf">A History of the Lucknow Bench Of The Allahabad High Court</a> (PDF). Allahabad High Court. [2020-05-24]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224172749/http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/event/AHistoryLucknowBenchPNMathur.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2021-02-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.aufirst=Prakash+Narain&rft.aulast=Mathur&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Lucknow+Bench+Of+The+Allahabad+High+Court&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Allahabad+High+Court&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allahabadhighcourt.in%2Fevent%2FAHistoryLucknowBenchPNMathur.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Nair2004-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Nair2004_49-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">K. Balasankaran Nair. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gujNYPcNETMC">Law of Contempt of Court in India</a>. 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From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orient_Longman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orient Longman（页面不存在）">Orient Longman</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Longman" class="extiw" title="en:Orient Longman">Orient Longman</a>）. 2004: 407. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-8125025962" title="Special:网络书源/978-8125025962">ISBN 978-8125025962</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.aufirst=Bandyop%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya&rft.aulast=%C5%9Aekhara&rft.btitle=From+Plassey+to+Partition%3A+A+History+of+Modern+India&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-8125025962&rft.pages=407&rft.pub=%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-all+%22+data-orig-title%3D%22Orient+Longman%22+data-lang-code%3D%22en%22+data-lang-name%3D%22%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%22+data-foreign-title%3D%22Orient+Longman%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-page%22%3EOrient+Longman%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint+ilh-comment%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-paren%22%3E%EF%BC%88%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-lang%22%3E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-colon%22%3E%EF%BC%9A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-link%22%3E-%7B%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22+dir%3D%22auto%22%3EOrient+Longman%3C%2Fspan%3E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-paren%22%3E%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Bandyopādhyāya, Śekhara. 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Concept Publishing Company of India. 1995: 391. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-8170225720" title="Special:网络书源/978-8170225720">ISBN 978-8170225720</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170324171535/https://books.google.com/books?id=alRh51xE_v0C&pg=PA391">存档</a>于2017-03-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.au=J.+C.+Aggarwal&rft.au=S.+P.+Agrawal&rft.btitle=Uttarakhand%3A+Past%2C+Present%2C+and+Future&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-8170225720&rft.pages=391&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DalRh51xE_v0C%26pg%3DPA391&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-land-58"><a href="#cite_ref-land_58-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121215063439/http://upenvis.nic.in/Database/Land_830.aspx">Most critical factors</a>. 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[2012-07-22]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130507013021/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topiclist/Rivers-of-Uttar-Pradesh">存档</a>于2013-05-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.atitle=Rivers+of+Uttar+Pradesh&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Ftopiclist%2FRivers-of-Uttar-Pradesh&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Board2008-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Board2008_73-0">73.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Board2008_73-1">73.1</a> <cite class="citation book">Upkar Prakashan – Editorial Board. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_ce8FpJzR-4C&pg=PA26">Uttar Pradesh General Knowledge</a>. 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Bennett, Coleman & Co. 2019-07-10 [2020-03-29]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200318151817/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/tourists-up-at-taj-mahal-and-red-fort-but-qutub-minar-loses-its-no-2-spot/articleshow/70152555.cms">存档</a>于2020-03-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.atitle=Tourists+up+at+Taj+Mahal+and+Red+Fort+but+Qutub+Minar+loses+its+No.2+Spot&rft.aufirst=Aman&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.date=2019-07-10&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Ftourists-up-at-taj-mahal-and-red-fort-but-qutub-minar-loses-its-no-2-spot%2Farticleshow%2F70152555.cms&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Fouberg, Erin H.; Moseley, William G. 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Cambridge University Press. 2000: 1 [1994]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780521466257" title="Special:网络书源/9780521466257">ISBN 9780521466257</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+P.&rft.aulast=Parry&rft.btitle=Death+in+Banaras&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780521466257&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.series=Lewis+Henry+Morgan+Lectures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr10f4uwzcosC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Hawley-242"><a href="#cite_ref-Hawley_242-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Hawley, John Stratton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/krishnasplaygrou0000hawl">Krishna's Playground: Vrindavan in the 21st Century</a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2020. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0190123987" title="Special:网络书源/978-0190123987">ISBN 978-0190123987</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.aufirst=John+Stratton&rft.aulast=Hawley&rft.btitle=Krishna%27s+Playground%3A+Vrindavan+in+the+21st+Century&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0190123987&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkrishnasplaygrou0000hawl&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Madan-243"><a href="#cite_ref-Madan_243-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Gopal, Madan. K.S. Gautam , 编. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada">India through the ages</a>. 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[2023-11-29]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231205043357/https://asi.nic.in/jhansi-fort/">存档</a>于2023-12-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.btitle=Ticketed+Monuments+%E2%80%93+Uttar+Pradesh+jhansi+Fort&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Archaeological+Survey+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasi.nic.in%2Fjhansi-fort%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Jhansi_Fort-251"><a href="#cite_ref-Jhansi_Fort_251-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jhansi.nic.in/forts/">Jhansi Fort</a>. Government of Uttar Pradesh. [2023-11-29]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230323181613/https://jhansi.nic.in/forts/">存档</a>于2023-03-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.btitle=Jhansi+Fort&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Government+of+Uttar+Pradesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjhansi.nic.in%2Fforts%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Joon-252"><a href="#cite_ref-Joon_252-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Joon, Sanjeev. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E9YfW2709psC&pg=RA2-PA93">Complete Guide for SSC</a>. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. : 255 [2012-07-25]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0070706453" title="Special:网络书源/978-0070706453">ISBN 978-0070706453</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528151112/http://books.google.com/books?id=E9YfW2709psC&pg=RA2-PA93">存档</a>于2013-05-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&rft.aufirst=Sanjeev&rft.aulast=Joon&rft.btitle=Complete+Guide+for+SSC&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0070706453&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=Tata+McGraw-Hill+Education&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE9YfW2709psC%26pg%3DRA2-PA93&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接">外部链接</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：外部链接">编辑</a>]</div> <dl><dt>政府</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.up.gov.in/">官方网站</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498#P856" title="在维基数据上编辑此内容"><img alt="在维基数据上编辑此内容" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uptourism.gov.in/en">Official tourism site</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230127065629/https://uptourism.gov.in/en">存檔</a>，存档日期2023-01-27.</li></ul> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e-district.info/">常见信息</a></dt></dl> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="大英百科全书">大英百科全书</a>》中的条目：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/620898">Uttar Pradesh</a>（英文）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%BC%8F%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="开放式目录">开放目录项目</a>中的“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Regional/Asia/India/Uttar_Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>”</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikimedia-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/15px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/23px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/30px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Uttar_Pradesh" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Uttar Pradesh">維基媒體的Uttar Pradesh地圖集</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-globe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/15px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/23px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/30px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a>上有關<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1942587">北方邦</a>的地理信息</li></ul> <table class="noprint metadata" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background: #f8f9fa; text-align: center; width:80%; font-size:80%; margin:0.5em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:0%; padding-right:5px" rowspan="5"><figure class="mw-halign-center skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E9%A9%AC%E5%81%95%E5%B0%94%E9%82%A6" title="喜马偕尔邦">喜马偕尔邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E7%BA%B3%E9%82%A6" title="哈里亚纳邦">哈里亚纳邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C" title="德里">德里</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%98%BF%E5%9D%8E%E5%BE%B7%E9%82%A6" title="北阿坎德邦">北阿坎德邦</a>    </td> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94" title="尼泊尔">尼泊尔</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9C%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81" title="远西省">远西省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%9D%E6%AF%97%E5%B0%BC%E7%9C%81" title="蓝毗尼省">蓝毗尼省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%BE%BE%E5%9F%BA%E7%9C%81" title="甘达基省">甘达基省</a>） </td> <td style="width:0%; padding-left:5px" rowspan="5"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E7%BA%B3%E9%82%A6" title="哈里亚纳邦">哈里亚纳邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E9%82%A6" title="拉贾斯坦邦">拉贾斯坦邦</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/17px-North.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/26px-North.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/34px-North.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /> </td> <td style="width:33%" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E9%82%A6" title="比哈尔邦">比哈尔邦</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/17px-West.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/26px-West.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/34px-West.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /><figcaption>西</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:0%; text-align: center" nowrap="nowrap">  北方邦   </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/17px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/26px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/34px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /><figcaption>東</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/17px-South.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/26px-South.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/34px-South.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E9%82%A6" title="拉贾斯坦邦">拉贾斯坦邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%82%A6" title="中央邦">中央邦</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%82%A6" title="中央邦">中央邦</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E5%9D%8E%E5%BE%B7%E9%82%A6" title="贾坎德邦">贾坎德邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E9%82%A6" title="切蒂斯格尔邦">切蒂斯格尔邦</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%80%E7%BA%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:印度一级行政区"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=印度&#124;link=印度_印度一级行政区" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度"><img alt="印度" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E9%82%A6%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%9B%B4%E8%BE%96%E5%8C%BA" title="印度的邦和中央直辖区">印度一级行政区</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>首都：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C" title="德里">德里国家首都辖区</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C" title="新德里">新德里</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">28 <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%BA%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA" title="一级行政区">邦</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align: left;;;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%97%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A6" title="安得拉邦">安得拉邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%B2%81%E7%BA%B3%E6%81%B0%E5%B0%94%E9%82%A6" title="阿鲁纳恰尔邦">阿鲁纳恰尔邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%90%A8%E5%A7%86%E9%82%A6" title="阿萨姆邦">阿萨姆邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E9%82%A6" title="比哈尔邦">比哈尔邦</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: left;;;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E9%82%A6" title="切蒂斯格尔邦">切蒂斯格尔邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E9%98%BF%E9%82%A6" title="果阿邦">果阿邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%90%89%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E9%82%A6" title="古吉拉特邦">古吉拉特邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E7%BA%B3%E9%82%A6" title="哈里亚纳邦">哈里亚纳邦</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: left;;;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E9%A9%AC%E5%81%95%E5%B0%94%E9%82%A6" title="喜马偕尔邦">喜马偕尔邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E5%9D%8E%E5%BE%B7%E9%82%A6" title="贾坎德邦">贾坎德邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%BA%B3%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B%E9%82%A6" title="卡纳塔克邦">卡纳塔克邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E6%8B%89%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A6" title="喀拉拉邦">喀拉拉邦</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: left;;;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E6%96%BD%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A6" title="马哈拉施特拉邦">马哈拉施特拉邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%82%A6" title="中央邦">中央邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E9%82%A6" title="曼尼普尔邦">曼尼普尔邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A6" title="梅加拉亚邦">梅加拉亚邦</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: left;;;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E4%BD%90%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E9%82%A6" title="米佐拉姆邦">米佐拉姆邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%B0%E9%82%A6" title="那加兰邦">那加兰邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E8%BF%AA%E6%B2%99%E9%82%A6" title="奥迪沙邦">奥迪沙邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%81%E9%81%AE%E6%99%AE%E9%82%A6" title="旁遮普邦">旁遮普邦</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: left;;;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E9%82%A6" title="拉贾斯坦邦">拉贾斯坦邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E9%87%91%E9%82%A6" title="锡金邦">锡金邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%E9%82%A6" title="泰米尔纳德邦">泰米尔纳德邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%A6%E7%94%98%E7%BA%B3%E9%82%A6" title="特伦甘纳邦">特伦甘纳邦</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: left;;;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A6" title="特里普拉邦">特里普拉邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%98%BF%E5%9D%8E%E5%BE%B7%E9%82%A6" title="北阿坎德邦">北阿坎德邦</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">北方邦</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A6" title="西孟加拉邦">西孟加拉邦</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;">8 <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%9B%B4%E8%BE%96%E5%8C%BA" title="中央直辖区">中央直辖区</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C" title="德里">德里</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%BE%E6%9B%BC-%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E5%B7%B4%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="安达曼-尼科巴群岛">安达曼-尼科巴群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E8%BF%AA%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94" title="昌迪加尔">昌迪加尔</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89-%E7%B4%8D%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E5%93%88%E7%B6%AD%E5%88%A9%E5%92%8C%E9%81%94%E6%9B%BC-%E7%AC%AC%E7%83%8F" title="達德拉-納加爾哈維利和達曼-第烏">達德拉-納加爾哈維利和達曼-第烏</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%81%94%E5%85%8B" title="拉達克">拉達克</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E8%B0%9F%E5%92%8C%E5%85%8B%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%9B%B4%E8%BE%96%E5%8C%BA)" title="查谟和克什米尔 (中央直辖区)">查谟和克什米尔</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%99%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="拉克沙群島">拉克沙群島</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%B2%BB%E9%87%8C" title="本地治里">本地治里</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>参见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%90%84%E9%82%A6%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%9B%B4%E8%BE%96%E5%8C%BA%E9%A6%96%E5%BA%9C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="印度各邦和中央直辖区首府列表">印度各邦和中央直辖区首府列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="印度行政区划">印度行政区划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8" title="印度东北部">印度东北部</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A7%90%E5%A6%B9%E9%82%A6" title="七姐妹邦">七姐妹邦</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r76343763">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 0.5em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">北方邦在维基百科的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E5%A7%8A%E5%A6%B9%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="Wikipedia:维基媒体姊妹项目">姊妹项目</a>：</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/20px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/31px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" />维基词典上的<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/北方邦">字词解释</a></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" />维基共享资源上的<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Uttar_Pradesh" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Uttar Pradesh">多媒体资源</a></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" />维基新闻上的<a href="https://zh.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Uttar_Pradesh" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Uttar Pradesh">新闻</a></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" />维基语录上的<a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/北方邦">名言</a></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" />维基文库上的<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/北方邦">原始文献</a></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/19px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/29px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />维基教科书上的<a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/北方邦">教科书和手册</a></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/21px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/32px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/42px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" />维基学院上的<a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/北方邦">学习资源</a></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" />维基导游上的<a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E9%82%A6" class="extiw" title="voy:Special:Search/北方邦">旅行指南</a></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" />维基数据上的<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498" class="extiw" title="d:Q1498">数据项</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> 添加话题 </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6cc877bdc-26wb8","wgBackendResponseTime":176,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.078","walltime":"3.895","ppvisitednodes":{"value":23720,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":802519,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":56134,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":26,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":17,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":395208,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3331.637 1 -total"," 48.44% 1613.756 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.82% 560.450 129 Template:Cite_web"," 15.37% 512.075 1 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