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(function(){ const mantleDependencies = { } ; const pageTargeting = { customSeries: '' ,abtest: 'lcid1' ,tax0: 'tho' ,custom: '' ,sweepId: '' ,rid: 'nba8ea449b13b44ff992dbabe5547b9df10' ,sid: 'nba8ea449b13b44ff992dbabe5547b9df10' } ; const baseSlotTargeting = { gtemplate: 'category' ,leaid: '156569' ,revenueGroup: '' ,docId: '4133328' ,viewtype: 'taxonomy' ,type: 'category' ,tax1: 'tho_humanities' ,tax2: 'tho_history-and-culture' ,t: '104' ,au: '156569' ,tier: 'L' ,jny: '0' ,leuid: '151378030080892' ,sbj: 'pidtho_ancient-roman-history' ,id: '4133328' ,aid: '' ,tax3: 'tho_ancient-history' ,jnyroot: '' ,tax4: 'tho_ancient-roman-history' } ; const adLazyOffset = {'mob-square-fixed-intro-1': 750}; pageTargeting.w = Mntl.utilities.getW(); const initialSlots = []; initialSlots.push({ config: { id: 'square-flex-1', sizes: [[300, 250],[300, 600]], type: 'square', rtb: true, timedRefresh: 0, waitForThirdParty: false }, targeting: Mntl.fnUtilities.deepExtend({}, { pos: 'atf', priority: 2 }) }); 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utils: { generateSlotId: Ref.GPT.generateSlotId, buildGptUrl: Ref.GPT.buildGptUrl }, displayOnScroll: false, displayOnConsent: true, adsToCollapse: ['leaderboard*','square*'], refreshConfig: { 'defaultConfig': { timedRefresh: 0, userClickRefreshSelector: "", timeoutRefreshOnceOnly: false, fiftyPercentAdRefresh: true, sizeOverrides: null } } }; if (Mntl.AdMetrics) { Mntl.AdMetrics.init("4133328", "nba8ea449b13b44ff992dbabe5547b9df10", initialSlots.map(slot => slot.config.id), Date.now(), "0.1"); } else { Mntl.AdMetrics = { pushMetrics: () => {} }; } Mntl.GPT.setMantleDependencies(mantleDependencies); Mntl.GPT.init(options); }());window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; // moved from gtm.ftl so we can initialize GTM only onLoad. From https://support.google.com/tagmanager/answer/6103696?hl=en Mntl.utilities.onLoad(function() { (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;defer=true;j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;j.type="text/javascript";f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f)})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5P3SZGS'); }); window.dataLayer.push({ event: 'ab-proctor', 'abTests-proctor': { "99-0" : "useOxygen | useOxygen | use the Oxygenated ad unit format and slot names | 1" , "99-1" : "vanillaJSLazyAdRecipeSC | active | vanillaLazyAd.js enabled | 1" , "99-2" : "useFloorSearch | active | Use Floor Search | 1" , "99-3" : "continuousScrollMobSquareFlexOffset | active | Adds offset to mob-square-fixed-1 ad on CS articles | 1" , "99-4" : "recipescDesktopAdRefresh | active | active, right rail ads timed refresh active | 1" , "99-5" : 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CMP.hasTargetingConsent(); if (hasConsent) { readyForThirdPartyTracking(); } // Trigger the readyForDeferredScripts if consent is given // or if the user has closed the banner(AlertBox) which exists for EU // or if the user optin consent is not required, which applies for non gdpr locations if (hasConsent || CMP.isAlertBoxClosed() || !CMP.isOptInConsent()) { readyForDeferredScripts(); } return hasConsent; }; const purposeOneConsentHandler = async function() { const hasPurposeOneConsent = await CMP.hasPurposeOneConsent(); if (hasPurposeOneConsent) { readyForThirdPartyTracking(); } if (hasPurposeOneConsent || CMP.isAlertBoxClosed()) { readyForDeferredScripts(); } return hasPurposeOneConsent; }; const onRequiredDomEvent = fnUtils.once(function() { if (!CMP) { readyForThirdPartyTracking(); readyForDeferredScripts(); return; } const handler = CMP.supportsTCData() ? purposeOneConsentHandler : hasTargetingConsentHandler; if (!CMP.isLoading()) { handler(); } CMP.onConsentChange(handler); }); [ 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<svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu is-collapsed"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/genealogy-4133308" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="7" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Genealogy <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu is-collapsed"> <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/inventions-4133303" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="8" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Inventions <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item empty-submenu 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href="https://www.thoughtco.com/history-and-culture-4133356" rel="nocaes" class="text-btn" > <span class="text-btn__text-label">View More</span> <svg class="icon icon-caret-down text-btn-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-down" href="#icon-caret-down"></use> </svg> </a></div> </div><div class="loc content l-main"><section id="spotlight_1-0" class="comp spotlight mntl-sc-page right-rail" data-sc-sticky-offset="85" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-tracking-container="true" data-sc-content-positions="[1]"><div id="spotlight-core_1-0" class="comp spotlight-core standard-spotlight-blocks spotlight-blocks mntl-block"><div id="spotlight-block-item_1-0" class="comp spotlight-block-item mntl-block"><a id="hero-block_1-0" class="comp hero-block block block-large " data-doc-id href="https://www.thoughtco.com/commodus-roman-emperor-4771680"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img 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src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/98hHaFcpcyh0UDNEk7IZmIM5qu0=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-51241949-5c39194ec9e77c00017ec12d.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Pen and ink sketch of Roman General Marcus Licinius Crassus in 93 B.C." /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">How Did Crassus Die?</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_18-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_18-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="117759" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/hills-of-rome-117759" data-ordinal="18"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/dGTDnAgwaPJl3bvhVrDbadLEubo=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/sunrise--roman-forum--rome--italy-582021521-59a89504d963ac001140dbe6.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Sunrise, Roman Forum, Rome, Italy" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/dGTDnAgwaPJl3bvhVrDbadLEubo=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/sunrise--roman-forum--rome--italy-582021521-59a89504d963ac001140dbe6.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Sunrise, Roman Forum, Rome, Italy" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">The 7 Famous Hills of Rome</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_19-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_19-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="117742" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/life-in-ancient-roman-apartment-117742" data-ordinal="19"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Af1WGzrfgvqkfzuEsJgQqd_eu_g=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/OstianInsulae-56aacb3c5f9b58b7d008f850.JPG" width="219" height="146" alt="Roman ruin of an insula, or apartment building" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Af1WGzrfgvqkfzuEsJgQqd_eu_g=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/OstianInsulae-56aacb3c5f9b58b7d008f850.JPG" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Roman ruin of an insula, or apartment building" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">What Was Life Like in an Ancient Roman Apartment?</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_20-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_20-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="111506" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-first-triumvirate-and-julius-caesar-111506" data-ordinal="20"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/-MnT_fRM7KwR8cM2-OdRxhLlVUw=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-157635686-5c51d37646e0fb00014a2f93.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Statue of Julius Caesar From The Vienna, Austria Parliament" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/-MnT_fRM7KwR8cM2-OdRxhLlVUw=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-157635686-5c51d37646e0fb00014a2f93.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Statue of Julius Caesar From The Vienna, Austria Parliament" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">The First Triumvirate and Julius Caesar</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_21-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_21-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="117805" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/six-types-of-toga-in-ancient-rome-117805" data-ordinal="21"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/rnO9ITjE3m5vt7wQEJd3Hm5OvPQ=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-116021858-5a8c672d119fa8003780c4a5.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Statue of Roman Emperor Constantine the Great, York Minster" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/rnO9ITjE3m5vt7wQEJd3Hm5OvPQ=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-116021858-5a8c672d119fa8003780c4a5.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Statue of Roman Emperor Constantine the Great, York Minster" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">The 6 Types of Togas Worn in Ancient Rome</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_22-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_22-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="119044" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/sources-for-roman-history-119044" data-ordinal="22"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/GqufTPjosy46t1x19UfzqUPvW3Y=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/7995239545_2ccf723c18_k-58a7e9495f9b58a3c935ba7e.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Roman ruins" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/GqufTPjosy46t1x19UfzqUPvW3Y=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/7995239545_2ccf723c18_k-58a7e9495f9b58a3c935ba7e.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Roman ruins" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">Primary Sources of Roman History</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_23-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_23-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="120610" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/romance-languages-120610" data-ordinal="23"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/2XbleHQ4r_g6C7blTztjomPxQnA=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/marble-plates-with-an-inscription-in-latin-916389698-5c397ff8c9e77c000128b95e.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Marble plates with inscriptions in ancient Latin" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/2XbleHQ4r_g6C7blTztjomPxQnA=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/marble-plates-with-an-inscription-in-latin-916389698-5c397ff8c9e77c000128b95e.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Marble plates with inscriptions in ancient Latin" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">What Are the Romance Languages?</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_24-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_24-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="4122622" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/day-in-pompeii-4122622" data-ordinal="24"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/XvI_86ZkA0Q3jYjkyZgtzXZTlHM=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/PompeiianCastofdog_800-56aaa5295f9b58b7d008cf52.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Cast of a dog" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/XvI_86ZkA0Q3jYjkyZgtzXZTlHM=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/PompeiianCastofdog_800-56aaa5295f9b58b7d008cf52.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Cast of a dog" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">A Day in Pompeii</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_25-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_25-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="117558" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/was-julius-caesar-biological-father-brutus-117558" data-ordinal="25"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/tm31tTFKNscS9TwdWPwgdqxtW68=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Portrait_Brutus_Massimo-5963085e5f9b583f180dd9ca.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Bust of Brutus" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/tm31tTFKNscS9TwdWPwgdqxtW68=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Portrait_Brutus_Massimo-5963085e5f9b583f180dd9ca.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Bust of Brutus" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">Was Julius Caesar the Biological Father of His Frenemy Brutus?</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_26-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_26-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="112462" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/numa-pompilius-112462" data-ordinal="26"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/OCIshWkcReL4W-TLGtBhlpiqm1I=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/numa-pompilius--second-king-of-rome-525525954-0e3ae0e11cc74b67a7cd8f0e12a57219.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Numa Pompilius, second king of Rome" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/OCIshWkcReL4W-TLGtBhlpiqm1I=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/numa-pompilius--second-king-of-rome-525525954-0e3ae0e11cc74b67a7cd8f0e12a57219.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Numa Pompilius, second king of Rome" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">Biography of Numa Pompilius, Roman King</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_27-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_27-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="117531" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/caesars-gallic-war-the-battles-117531" data-ordinal="27"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ngmGC3yFPEbyZZu6j0ylklU2zAQ=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/julius-caesar-large-56a61bc43df78cf7728b615f.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Vercingetorix surrenders to Julius Caesar" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ngmGC3yFPEbyZZu6j0ylklU2zAQ=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/julius-caesar-large-56a61bc43df78cf7728b615f.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Vercingetorix surrenders to Julius Caesar" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">Winners and Losers of Julius Caesar's Gallic War Battles</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_28-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_28-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="118370" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/roman-exposure-of-infants-118370" data-ordinal="28"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/4qQfP0zwMs9t_XXlTg9TcHQVFgw=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/capitoline-wolf-522391638-5c55c37f46e0fb00012ba717.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Capitoline Wolf" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/4qQfP0zwMs9t_XXlTg9TcHQVFgw=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/capitoline-wolf-522391638-5c55c37f46e0fb00012ba717.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Capitoline Wolf" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">Roman Exposure of Infants</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_29-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_29-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="119136" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/hygiene-in-ancient-rome-and-baths-119136" data-ordinal="29"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/J7kPkua67cHsalL6r4T_wGHEEZM=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-742361847-5bbb97b84cedfd0026b5cdf6.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Tourists at the Roman baths" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/J7kPkua67cHsalL6r4T_wGHEEZM=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-742361847-5bbb97b84cedfd0026b5cdf6.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Tourists at the Roman baths" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">Roman Baths and Hygiene in Ancient Rome</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_30-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_30-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="118357" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/economic-reasons-for-fall-of-rome-118357" data-ordinal="30"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/XTJ8wRbN1n71A1Ncb06JAitLdUs=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/bust-of-the-emperor-commodus-2nd-century-all-round-187389949-589b417a5f9b5874eee877d0-bf72d64eab6140409ce72426919179b3.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="A 2nd century bust of the Roman Emperor Commodus" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/XTJ8wRbN1n71A1Ncb06JAitLdUs=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/bust-of-the-emperor-commodus-2nd-century-all-round-187389949-589b417a5f9b5874eee877d0-bf72d64eab6140409ce72426919179b3.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="A 2nd century bust of the Roman Emperor Commodus" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">Economic Reasons for the Fall of Rome</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_31-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_31-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="117945" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/top-roman-military-defeats-117945" data-ordinal="31"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Nrod_JdIRb2vEDIyOprzD6Bd2yE=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/sunlight-through-the-colosseum-in-rome-990225936-5c2ee4e846e0fb0001b050fe.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Sunlight through the Colosseum in Rome" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Nrod_JdIRb2vEDIyOprzD6Bd2yE=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/sunlight-through-the-colosseum-in-rome-990225936-5c2ee4e846e0fb0001b050fe.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Sunlight through the Colosseum in Rome" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">The 8 Biggest Military Defeats Suffered by Ancient Rome</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_32-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_32-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="121446" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/if-you-want-peace-prepare-for-war-121446" data-ordinal="32"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/xplf9zCT9vA0qa7aeVBsLHNCwow=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/186832234-56aac7b75f9b58b7d008f546.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Ammunition Belt - Daisy" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/xplf9zCT9vA0qa7aeVBsLHNCwow=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/186832234-56aac7b75f9b58b7d008f546.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Ammunition Belt - Daisy" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">Who Said 'If You Want Peace, Prepare for War'?</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_33-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_33-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="112662" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/pompey-the-great-pompeius-magnus-112662" data-ordinal="33"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/htCcOe29xBhT_gsUAIbII2kRA6o=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pompey--106-bc-48-bc--686727676-5ae1f975c5542e0039a26a62.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Pompey the Great" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/htCcOe29xBhT_gsUAIbII2kRA6o=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/pompey--106-bc-48-bc--686727676-5ae1f975c5542e0039a26a62.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Pompey the Great" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">Biography of Pompey the Great, Roman Statesman</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_34-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_34-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="118208" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/julius-caesar-and-augustus-relation-118208" data-ordinal="34"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/2CDmrYPgrYowEufCe47DQ-4h2cY=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/julius-caesar-137052840-a46347f0169c48079cc427a67e745f60.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="A statue of Julius Caesar" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/2CDmrYPgrYowEufCe47DQ-4h2cY=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/julius-caesar-137052840-a46347f0169c48079cc427a67e745f60.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="A statue of Julius Caesar" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">How Were Julius Caesar and His Successor Augustus Related?</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_35-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_35-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="112745" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/who-was-spartacus-112745" data-ordinal="35"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/3B1db5e2u6LPAft05wn3a_wlbIw=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-490593419-56aaca515f9b58b7d008f78f.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Bas relief in the Roman Colosseum of gladiators fighting" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/3B1db5e2u6LPAft05wn3a_wlbIw=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-490593419-56aaca515f9b58b7d008f78f.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Bas relief in the Roman Colosseum of gladiators fighting" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">Biography of Spartacus, an Enslaved Man Who Led a Revolt</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_36-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_36-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="118207" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/imperial-dates-roman-empire-118207" data-ordinal="36"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Y4b0HSC7UzIo5HsIK4fSoPrxNYQ=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/162292485-56aac7943df78cf772b48569.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="The Prima Porta Augustus displayed in the Braccio Nuovo (New Wing) of Museo Chiaramonti, Vatican Museums, Rome, Italy" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Y4b0HSC7UzIo5HsIK4fSoPrxNYQ=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/162292485-56aac7943df78cf772b48569.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="The Prima Porta Augustus displayed in the Braccio Nuovo (New Wing) of Museo Chiaramonti, Vatican Museums, Rome, Italy" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">Roman Imperial Dates</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_37-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_37-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="117752" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/tiber-river-rome-ancient-history-glossary-117752" data-ordinal="37"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/N5XC7IAzz8SnKknEgs3b4AYTZ8g=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-812503896-5a6b4743ba61770037ea28b7.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Ponte Sant'Angelo bridge spanning the Tiber River." class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/N5XC7IAzz8SnKknEgs3b4AYTZ8g=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-812503896-5a6b4743ba61770037ea28b7.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Ponte Sant'Angelo bridge spanning the Tiber River." /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">The Tiber River of Rome</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_38-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_38-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="112463" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/ovid-overview-of-the-latin-poet-112463" data-ordinal="38"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/z3UrwBZQ__RL_TdD9p22OuJtKtE=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Ovid-5c5f0bb1c9e77c0001662132.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Illustration of the Latin Poet Ovid" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/z3UrwBZQ__RL_TdD9p22OuJtKtE=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Ovid-5c5f0bb1c9e77c0001662132.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Illustration of the Latin Poet Ovid" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">The Great Poet Ovid</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_39-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_39-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="118227" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/byzantine-roman-emperor-justinian-118227" data-ordinal="39"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/h1jzPCemZXMxfYeORVJnhanpmDI=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/739px-Mosaic_of_Justinianus_I_-_Basilica_San_Vitale_Ravenna-5c5c540446e0fb0001ca85c7.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/h1jzPCemZXMxfYeORVJnhanpmDI=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/739px-Mosaic_of_Justinianus_I_-_Basilica_San_Vitale_Ravenna-5c5c540446e0fb0001ca85c7.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">The Byzantine Roman Emperor Justinian</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_40-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_40-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="118367" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/ancient-roman-family-118367" data-ordinal="40"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/d_3y1F4zkBft_iu_ji5UUBGT8PE=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/RomanFamily-56aaada33df78cf772b4691a.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Roman Family Funeral Slab 1st C" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/d_3y1F4zkBft_iu_ji5UUBGT8PE=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/RomanFamily-56aaada33df78cf772b4691a.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Roman Family Funeral Slab 1st C" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">Ancient Roman Family</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_41-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_41-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="112735" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/standard-roman-sexuality-112735" data-ordinal="41"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/if_Ly6ZAmyEefdv-qpeM2itl4DU=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/erotic-painting-in-pompeii-596570593-589875473df78caebc2f3ed0.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Erotic painting in Pompeii." class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/if_Ly6ZAmyEefdv-qpeM2itl4DU=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/erotic-painting-in-pompeii-596570593-589875473df78caebc2f3ed0.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Erotic painting in Pompeii." /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">Male Sexuality in Ancient Rome</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_42-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_42-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="121156" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/lucius-cornelius-sulla-121156" data-ordinal="42"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/0WN3uckq-OYZn2cAKdl_7frK3U0=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Sulla_Glyptothek_Munich_309-56aab4465f9b58b7d008e045.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Bust of Sulla" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/0WN3uckq-OYZn2cAKdl_7frK3U0=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Sulla_Glyptothek_Munich_309-56aab4465f9b58b7d008e045.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Bust of Sulla" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">Lucius Cornelius Sulla "Felix" (138-78 B.C.E)</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_43-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_43-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="118413" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/caesars-gallic-wars-revolt-of-gauls-118413" data-ordinal="43"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/xS6OPsT48B7Ww81MeRy70dzn0mI=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/vercingetorix-surrendering-to-julius-caesar-after-the-battle-alesia-593279296-589a26115f9b5874ee8d6563.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Vercingetorix surrendering to Julius Caesar, after the battle Alesia" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/xS6OPsT48B7Ww81MeRy70dzn0mI=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/vercingetorix-surrendering-to-julius-caesar-after-the-battle-alesia-593279296-589a26115f9b5874ee8d6563.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Vercingetorix surrendering to Julius Caesar, after the battle Alesia" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">The Revolt of the Gauls From Caesar's Gallic Wars</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_44-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_44-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="117566" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/what-did-julius-caesar-do-117566" data-ordinal="44"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/E9wow9V6EEdfG1-9rJE20SZq-fc=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/JuliusCaesarIllustration-569ffa9f3df78cafda9f6f8b.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Julius Caesar Illustration" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/E9wow9V6EEdfG1-9rJE20SZq-fc=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/JuliusCaesarIllustration-569ffa9f3df78cafda9f6f8b.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Julius Caesar Illustration" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">Why Was Julius Caesar So Important?</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_45-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_45-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="119728" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/matrimonium-roman-marriage-119728" data-ordinal="45"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/VIYFAhGt1TPozcXf_uzgE1apmOw=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/italy--latium-region--rome--roman-marble-sarcophagus-with-relief-depicting-nuptial-rite--celebration-of-marriage-102106481-5a7778f91d640400377faa71.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Roman marble sarcophagus with relief depicting marriage" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/VIYFAhGt1TPozcXf_uzgE1apmOw=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/italy--latium-region--rome--roman-marble-sarcophagus-with-relief-depicting-nuptial-rite--celebration-of-marriage-102106481-5a7778f91d640400377faa71.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Roman marble sarcophagus with relief depicting marriage" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">Matrimonium: Types of Roman Marriage</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_46-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_46-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="118344" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/early-rome-and-issue-of-kings-118344" data-ordinal="46"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/6QsErJuzgoo-08nTMq9DffKY0KE=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-2630465x-56aa29405f9b58b7d0012742.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Rebel King Caractacus and members of his family, after being turned over to Roman Emperor Claudius" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/6QsErJuzgoo-08nTMq9DffKY0KE=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-2630465x-56aa29405f9b58b7d0012742.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Rebel King Caractacus and members of his family, after being turned over to Roman Emperor Claudius" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">Early Rome and the Issue of the 'King'</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_47-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_47-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="117887" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/roman-culture-117887" data-ordinal="47"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/nKQcstG5qIppFj7tLc1-pKaKUSo=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/the-roman-coliseum-in-the-early-morning-655490208-5a750519875db90037324138.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="The Roman Colosseum in the early morning" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/nKQcstG5qIppFj7tLc1-pKaKUSo=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/the-roman-coliseum-in-the-early-morning-655490208-5a750519875db90037324138.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="The Roman Colosseum in the early morning" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="block-kicker" data-kicker="Rome"></div> <span class="block-title">Culture in the Ancient Roman Republic</span> </div> </a></li> <li id="block-list-item_48-0" class="comp block-list-item mntl-block g-item"><a id="block_48-0" class="comp block block-small " data-doc-id="111732" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/gladiators-weapons-111732" data-ordinal="48"> <div class="loc block-media"><div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/a0pGOVgGbhIrZdSuDbcOEeglzfE=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/rome-italy-bas-relief-of-gladiators-fighting-490593419-57b3bd1a5f9b58b5c215761a.jpg" width="219" height="146" alt="Bas relief of gladiators fighting in Italy" class="lazyload block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/a0pGOVgGbhIrZdSuDbcOEeglzfE=/219x146/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/rome-italy-bas-relief-of-gladiators-fighting-490593419-57b3bd1a5f9b58b5c215761a.jpg" width="219" height="146" class="img--noscript block-image mntl-image universal-image__image" alt="Bas relief of gladiators fighting in Italy" /> 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