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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nebka</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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title="Nebka – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nebka" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebka" title="Nebka – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nebka" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Νέμπκα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νέμπκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ნებკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნებკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebka" title="Nebka – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nebka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebka" title="Nebka – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nebka" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Небка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Небка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebka" title="Nebka – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nebka" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebka" title="Nebka – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nebka" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Небка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Небка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebka" title="Nebka – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nebka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebka" title="Nebka – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nebka" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2" title="ฟาโรห์เนบคา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟาโรห์เนบคา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="نبکا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نبکا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q889891#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Throne name of an ancient Egyptian pharaoh</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Old Kingdom pharaoh. For the desert landform, see <a href="/wiki/Nabkha" title="Nabkha">Nabkha</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#decd87;font-size:125%;">Nebka</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname">Necherôchis, Necherôphes, likely identical with <a href="/wiki/Sanakht" title="Sanakht">Sanakht</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_03-01_n15.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cartouche name of Nebka on the Abydos King List"><img alt="Cartouche name of Nebka on the Abydos King List" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Abydos_KL_03-01_n15.jpg/220px-Abydos_KL_03-01_n15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Abydos_KL_03-01_n15.jpg/330px-Abydos_KL_03-01_n15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Abydos_KL_03-01_n15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="526" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cartouche name of Nebka on the <a href="/wiki/Abydos_King_List" title="Abydos King List">Abydos King List</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#decd87; line-height:normal; padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_chronology" title="Egyptian chronology">Reign</a></th><td class="infobox-data">duration uncertain in the 27th century BCE, possibly six years if identical with Sanakht,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999102_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999102-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 19 years according to the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin Canon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneider2002167_&_243_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider2002167_&_243-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 28 years following Africanus' epithome of the <i>Aegytiaca</i>.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sekhemkhet" title="Sekhemkhet">Sekhemkhet</a> (most likely), <a href="/wiki/Khaba" title="Khaba">Khaba</a> or <a href="/wiki/Khasekhemwy" title="Khasekhemwy">Khasekhemwy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khaba" title="Khaba">Khaba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">Huni</a> or <a href="/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser">Djoser</a> (less likely)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsible-leftside-toggle mw-collapsed" style="width:100%;margin:0;border:0;padding:0;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; background:#decd87; line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Royal titulary</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:2px solid #decd87;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Nomen</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Tomb of <a href="/wiki/Akhetaa" title="Akhetaa">Akhetaa</a> (Third dynasty)</b><br />Nebka <br /> <i>Nb-k3</i> <br /><i>Lord of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_concept_of_the_soul#Ka_.28vital_spark.29" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian concept of the soul">ka</a></i> or <i>Possessor of a ka</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201333_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon201333-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V10A.png?3f6f9" height="40" title="V10A" alt="V10A" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V30.png?e0ed0" height="12" title="V30" alt="V30" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D28.png?cf7bf" height="24" title="D28" alt="D28" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z1.png?4dc06" height="16" title="Z1" alt="Z1" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V11A.png?c754a" height="40" title="V11A" alt="V11A" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Abydos_King_List" title="Abydos King List">Abydos King List</a></b><br />Nebka <br /> <i>Nb-k3</i> <br /><i>Lord of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_concept_of_the_soul#Ka_.28vital_spark.29" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian concept of the soul">ka</a></i><br /><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V10A.png?3f6f9" height="40" title="V10A" alt="V10A" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V30.png?e0ed0" height="12" title="V30" alt="V30" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D28.png?cf7bf" height="24" title="D28" alt="D28" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z1.png?4dc06" height="16" title="Z1" alt="Z1" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V11A.png?c754a" height="40" title="V11A" alt="V11A" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Saqqara_King_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Saqqara King List">Saqqara King List</a></b><br />Nebkara <br /> <i>Nb-k3-r3</i> <br /><i>Lord of the Ka of <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Râ</a></i><br /><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V10A.png?3f6f9" height="40" title="V10A" alt="V10A" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N5.png?08eb7" height="18" title="N5" alt="N5" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V30.png?e0ed0" height="12" title="V30" alt="V30" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D28.png?cf7bf" height="24" title="D28" alt="D28" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V11A.png?c754a" height="40" title="V11A" alt="V11A" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin King List</a></b><br />Nebka... <br /> <i>Nb-k3</i> <br /><i>Lord of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_concept_of_the_soul#Ka_.28vital_spark.29" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian concept of the soul">ka</a></i><br /><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V10A.png?3f6f9" height="40" title="V10A" alt="V10A" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V30.png?e0ed0" height="12" title="V30" alt="V30" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D28.png?cf7bf" height="24" title="D28" alt="D28" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z1.png?4dc06" height="16" title="Z1" alt="Z1" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_HASH.png?5ba11" height="38" title="HASH" alt="HASH" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Dynasty</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">Third Dynasty</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nebka</b> (meaning "Lord of the <i><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_concept_of_the_soul#Ka_.28vital_spark.29" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian concept of the soul">ka</a></i>") is the <a href="/wiki/Prenomen_(Ancient_Egypt)" title="Prenomen (Ancient Egypt)">throne name</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptian</a> <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">Third Dynasty</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a> period, in the <a href="/wiki/27th_century_BC" title="27th century BC">27th century BCE</a>. He is thought to be identical with the <a href="/wiki/Hellenization" title="Hellenization">Hellenized</a> name Νεχέρωχις (Necherôchis or Necherôphes) recorded by the Egyptian priest <a href="/wiki/Manetho" title="Manetho">Manetho</a> of the much later <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic period">Ptolemaic period</a>. </p><p>Nebka's name is otherwise recorded from the near contemporaneous tomb of a priest of his cult as well as in a possible <a href="/wiki/Cartouche" title="Cartouche">cartouche</a> from <a href="/wiki/Beit_Khallaf" title="Beit Khallaf">Beit Khallaf</a>, later <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> king lists and in a story of the <a href="/wiki/Westcar_Papyrus" title="Westcar Papyrus">Westcar Papyrus</a>. If the Beit Khallaf seal impression is indeed a cartouche of Nebka, then he is the earliest king to have thus recorded his throne name, otherwise this innovation can be ascribed to <a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">Huni</a>. </p><p>Nebka is thought by most Egyptologists to be the throne name of <a href="/wiki/Sanakht" title="Sanakht">Sanakht</a>, the third or fourth ruler of the Third Dynasty, who is sparsely attested by archaeological evidence and must have had only a short reign. Older hypotheses followed two New Kingdom sources which credit Nebka with founding the Third Dynasty, a view that is now believed to contradict the archaeological evidence. The tomb of Nebka has not been located with any certainty and three locations have been proposed: a <a href="/wiki/Mastaba" title="Mastaba">mastaba</a> in Beit Khallaf attributed to Sanakht by <a href="/wiki/John_Garstang" title="John Garstang">John Garstang</a>, a mudbrick structure in <a href="/wiki/Abu_Rawash" title="Abu Rawash">Abu Rawash</a> seen as the tomb of Nebka by Swelim and Dodson, and the <a href="/wiki/Unfinished_Northern_Pyramid_of_Zawyet_El_Aryan" title="Unfinished Northern Pyramid of Zawyet El Aryan">Unfinished Northern Pyramid of Zawyet El Aryan</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_sources">Name sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nebka&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest source for Nebka's name is the <a href="/wiki/Mastaba" title="Mastaba">mastaba</a> tomb of the late Third Dynasty high official <a href="/wiki/Akhetaa" title="Akhetaa">Akhetaa</a> who, among other positions, held that of "priest of Nebka".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999102–103_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999102–103-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeill1908262–273pls._VI–VII_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeill1908262–273pls._VI–VII-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPorterMossBurney1974500_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPorterMossBurney1974500-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exact location of Akhetaa's mastaba is now lost, hindering further research. It may be near <a href="/wiki/Abusir" title="Abusir">Abusir</a>, where some relief-bearing blocks from the tomb were found re-used as construction material.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZiegler1999189–190_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZiegler1999189–190-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next oldest source is found in a story recorded on the <a href="/wiki/Westcar_Papyrus" title="Westcar Papyrus">Westcar Papyrus</a> which dates to the <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt">Seventeenth Dynasty</a>, but which was likely first written during the late <a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom period</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParkinson200124_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParkinson200124-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> possibly at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">Twelfth Dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkardThissenQuack2003178_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkardThissenQuack2003178-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There, a king Nebka is cited in the story known as “<a href="/wiki/Ubaoner#The_wonder_of_Ubaoner" title="Ubaoner">Nebka and the crocodile</a>”, which pertains to adultery and the typical sort of punishment for that during the Old Kingdom. The story throws a positive light on the personality of king Nebka, who is depicted as a strict but lawful judge. He punishes mischief and unethical behavior, in this case punishing the betrayal of an unfaithful wife with the death penalty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELepper200835–41_&_308–310_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELepper200835–41_&_308–310-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELichtheim2000215–220_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELichtheim2000215–220-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The passage involving Nebka starts after a magician, <a href="/wiki/Ubaoner" title="Ubaoner">Ubaoner</a>, throws a commoner who had an affair with Ubaoner's wife to a crocodile, who swallows him for seven days: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>During these seven days Ubaoner is received by pharaoh Nebka for an important audience. After the audience Ubaoner invites Nebka to visit his house with the words: “May thy majesty proceed and see the wonder that has happened in the time of thy majesty [... text damaged ...] a commoner.” Nebka and Ubaoner walk to the lake where Ubaoner orders the crocodile to come out of the water and to release the commoner. When king Nebka sees that he says: “This crocodile is dangerous!” But Ubaoner bends down and touches the crocodile and immediately it becomes a figurine of wax again. Then Ubaoner gives a report to Nebka about the affairs. Nebka tells the crocodile: “Take away what is yours!” and the animal grabs the commoner and then disappears. The wife of Ubaoner is brought to Nebka too, and the pharaoh sentences her to death. She is brought to a place east of the palace and burnt alive. Her ash is thrown into the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELepper200835–41_&_308–310_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELepper200835–41_&_308–310-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErman18907–10_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErman18907–10-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELichtheim2000215–220_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELichtheim2000215–220-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The subsequent historical sources date to the <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Nineteenth Dynasty</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Saqqara_Tablet" title="Saqqara Tablet">Royal Table of Saqqara</a> mentions a Nebkara close to the end of the Third Dynasty as the direct successor of <a href="/wiki/Sekhemket" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekhemket">Sekhemket</a> and predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">Huni</a>. This Nebkara is likely a variant of the name Nebka.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath199949,_283_&_293_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath199949,_283_&_293-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHelck1987_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHelck1987-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKitchen1998534–538_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKitchen1998534–538-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The near contemporaneous <a href="/wiki/Abydos_King_List" title="Abydos King List">Abydos King list</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a> record a king Nebka, this time as the founder of the Third Dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008347–348_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008347–348-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finally, a king Necherôchis is listed as the founder of the Third Dynasty in the <i><a href="/wiki/Aegyptiaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegyptiaca">Aegyptiaca</a></i>, a history of Egypt written in the 3rd century BCE during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy II">Ptolemy II</a> (283–246 BCE) by an Egyptian priest, <a href="/wiki/Manetho" title="Manetho">Manetho</a>. No copies of the <i>Aegyptiaca</i> have survived to this day and it is now known only through later writings by <a href="/wiki/Sextus_Julius_Africanus" title="Sextus Julius Africanus">Sextus Julius Africanus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a>, themselves quoted by the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> scholar <a href="/wiki/George_Syncellus" title="George Syncellus">George Syncellus</a>. According to these sources, the <i>Aegyptiaca</i> gave Necherôchis as the predecessor of Sesorthos or Tosorthros, both names being widely held to refer to <a href="/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser">Djoser</a> as the <i>Aegyptiaca</i> credits Sesorthos with the invention of stone architecture. Necherôchis (Eusebius) or Necherôphes (Africanus), both likely Hellenized forms of Nebka, is said to have faced a rebellion of Libyans during his reign, but "when the moon waxed beyond reckoning, they surrendered in terror".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaddell197142–43_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaddell197142–43-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Africanus further credits Necherôphes with 28 years of reign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaddell197141_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaddell197141-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Identity">Identity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nebka&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nebka_Sanakht.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Nebka_Sanakht.png/170px-Nebka_Sanakht.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Nebka_Sanakht.png/255px-Nebka_Sanakht.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Nebka_Sanakht.png/340px-Nebka_Sanakht.png 2x" data-file-width="687" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>Seal impression from Beit Khallaf showing Sanakht's serekh together with what could be a cartouche of Nebka.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarstang1903pl._XIX_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarstang1903pl._XIX-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Nebka's identity with respect to other Third Dynasty rulers is now partially settled. Most scholars including Thomas Schneider,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneider2002167_&_243_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider2002167_&_243-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Darell Baker,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008347_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008347-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peter Clayton,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton199432_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton199432-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Baud" title="Michel Baud">Michel Baud</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaud200719–20_&_41_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaud200719–20_&_41-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jaromír Málek,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMálek200096_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMálek200096-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Toby_Wilkinson" title="Toby Wilkinson">Toby Wilkinson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999101–104_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999101–104-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Anderson_Kitchen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Anderson Kitchen">Kenneth Anderson Kitchen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKitchen1998534–538_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKitchen1998534–538-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stephan Seidlmayer,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeidlmayer1996121pl._23_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeidlmayer1996121pl._23-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Michael Rice,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice1999174_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice1999174-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Donald Leprohon<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201333_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon201333-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Stadelmann" title="Rainer Stadelmann">Rainer Stadelmann</a> are convinced that Nebka was identical with <a href="/wiki/Sanakht" title="Sanakht">Hor-Sanakht</a>. This opinion is based on a single fragmentary clay seal discovered by Garstand in 1902 in <a href="/wiki/Beit_Khallaf" title="Beit Khallaf">Beit Khallaf</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarstang19033,_11–14,_24–25_&_pls._XVII,_XIX_&_XXIII_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarstang19033,_11–14,_24–25_&_pls._XVII,_XIX_&_XXIII-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008348_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008348-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a locality north of <a href="/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt" title="Abydos, Egypt">Abydos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaud200719–20_&_41_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaud200719–20_&_41-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Sethe" title="Kurt Sethe">Kurt Sethe</a> proposed that the damaged sealing shows the <i><a href="/wiki/Serekh" title="Serekh">serekh</a></i> of Sanakht next to a fragmentary cartouche housing an archaic form of the sign for "ka".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPätznik200569–72_&_78–80_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPätznik200569–72_&_78–80-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cartouche is believed to be just large enough to have enclosed the further sign "Neb".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008348_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008348-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, a further two dozen sealings of Sanakht were uncovered in Beit Khallaf's nearby tomb K2,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008348_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008348-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahl2001592_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahl2001592-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999102_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999102-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which <a href="/wiki/John_Garstang" title="John Garstang">John Garstang</a> believed to be this king's tomb.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarstang19033,_11–14,_24–25_&_pls._XVII,_XIX_&_XXIII_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarstang19033,_11–14,_24–25_&_pls._XVII,_XIX_&_XXIII-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008348_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008348-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the identification of Nebka with Sanakht is correct, then Nebka is the earliest king to write his throne name in a cartouche and otherwise this innovation would pass to Huni.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001586_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001586-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Egyptologists John D. Degreef, Nabil Swelim and <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Helck" title="Wolfgang Helck">Wolfgang Helck</a> resisted the equation of Nebka with Sanakht in earlier research. They underline the heavily damaged nature of the Beit Khallaf seal fragment and hence that the alleged cartouche can be hardly identified with certainty. Instead, they propose that the cartouche could actually be the oval-shaped crest of a royal fortress with one or several boats in it, a city that may have already been mentioned under the name “Elder's boats” in sources dating to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Second Dynasty of Egypt">Second Dynasty</a> king <a href="/wiki/Peribsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Peribsen">Peribsen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneider2002167_&_243_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider2002167_&_243-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHelck1987_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHelck1987-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWildung196954–58_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWildung196954–58-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chronology">Chronology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nebka&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chronology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ReliefFragmentOfPharaohSanakht-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/ReliefFragmentOfPharaohSanakht-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg/170px-ReliefFragmentOfPharaohSanakht-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/ReliefFragmentOfPharaohSanakht-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg/255px-ReliefFragmentOfPharaohSanakht-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/ReliefFragmentOfPharaohSanakht-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg/340px-ReliefFragmentOfPharaohSanakht-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3426" data-file-height="2514" /></a><figcaption>Relief fragment of Sanakht from <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Nebka's relative chronological position has been the subject of debate in earlier Egyptology, as he is listed as the first pharaoh of the Third Dynasty in both the Turin (third column, seventh line) and Abydos (15th entry) king lists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008347_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008347-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Egyptologists including Málek tried to reconcile this position in the list with the evidence from Beit Khallaf by proposing that Nebka Sanakht reigned for a short time between the last Second Dynasty ruler <a href="/wiki/Khasekhemwy" title="Khasekhemwy">Khasekhemwy</a> and Djoser, whom Málek sees as a younger brother to Sanakht.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMálek200085_&_87_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMálek200085_&_87-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This is now understood to "flatly contradict" (quoting Wilkinson) much archaeological evidence,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999103_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999103-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahl2001591_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahl2001591-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which rather point to Djoser as the first ruler of the dynasty and Sekhemket as his immediate successor. For example, numerous seal fragments of Djoser uncovered in the tomb of Khasekhemwy strongly suggest that he buried this king who might have been his father. Khasekhemwy's wife and likely Djoser's mother, queen <a href="/wiki/Nimaethap" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimaethap">Nimaethap</a>, was herself buried in tomb K1 of Beit Khallaf which yielded many seals of Djoser but none of Sanakht.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008348_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008348-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nimaethap was furthermore given the title of “Mother of a king”, that is with a singular, implying that she had only one son who ascended the throne, precluding the reign of Sanakht between those of Khasekhemwy and Djoser. Kitchen also observes that the <i>Turin Canon</i> gives exactly the same reign length of 19 years to both Nebka and Djoser, hinting at an error in the placement of Nebka's name on the canon and the attribution of Djoser's regnal years to Nebka.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneider2002167_&_243_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider2002167_&_243-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHelck1987_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHelck1987-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWildung196954–58_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWildung196954–58-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwelim1983196–198_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwelim1983196–198-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the Saqqara king list places Nebka after Sekhemket rather than before Djoser.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008347_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008347-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further indirect evidence for Nebka's placement in the late Third Dynasty comes from the Papyrus Westcar, which records the story of "Nebka and the crocodile" between two tales set in the reigns of Djoser and Huni and Sneferu, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParkinson200125_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParkinson200125-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence from the tomb of Akhetaa regarding the chronological position of Nebka is inconclusive: on the one hand, Akhetaa's title could indicate that he was priest of the cult of the reigning king and thus that Nebka was alive at the end of the Third Dynasty. On the other hand, it could equally be that Akhetaa was priest of a funerary cult, in which case Nebka's placement could be somewhat earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999103_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999103-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Given the likely identification of Nebka with Sanakht and the placement of the later in the late Third Dynasty, perhaps as the penultimate king of this line, it is possible that Nebka Sanakht reigned for six years. This is the duration credited by the Turin canon to the immediate predecessor of Huni, whose name is lost,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999102_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999102-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in any case a short reign better fits the scant archaeological evidence for both Nebka and Sanakht.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999102_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999102-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201333_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon201333-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008347–348_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008347–348-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tomb">Tomb</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nebka&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tomb"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hen_Nekht.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hen_Nekht.png/170px-Hen_Nekht.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hen_Nekht.png/255px-Hen_Nekht.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hen_Nekht.png/340px-Hen_Nekht.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="668" /></a><figcaption>Skull uncovered in Beit Khallaf tomb K2, attributed to Sanakht by Garstang.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers1901152–153_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers1901152–153-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bones found in K2 exhibit <a href="/wiki/Gigantism" title="Gigantism">gigantism</a>, as the individual was over <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>1.87 m (6 ft <span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) tall.</figcaption></figure> <p>The tomb of Nebka has not been located with any certainty, nor has that of Sanakht. Garstang, who excavated mastaba K2 at Beit Khallaf, believed that it belonged to Sanakht as seals bearing this pharaoh's name were uncovered there, beside a burial.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarstang19033,_11–14,_24–25_&_pls._XVII,_XIX_&_XXIII_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarstang19033,_11–14,_24–25_&_pls._XVII,_XIX_&_XXIII-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers1901152–153_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers1901152–153-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dieter_Arnold" title="Dieter Arnold">Dieter Arnold</a> and other Egyptologists now think mastaba K2 was the tomb of a private individual rather than a royal one,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnoldGardinerStrudwickStrudwick200328–29_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnoldGardinerStrudwickStrudwick200328–29-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the old theory is still supported. </p><p>Swelim and Aidan Dodson have instead proposed that a mudbrick structure located in <a href="/wiki/Abu_Rawash" title="Abu Rawash">Abu Rawash</a> could be the tomb of Nebka. Dodson states that it is a "mudbrick enclosure 330 m × 170 m (1,080 ft × 560 ft) with a 20 m (66 ft) central square massif of the same material, located north of the modern village of Abu Roash, known as El Dair. It has been badly damaged by drainage work since first being discovered in 1902, and now may be beyond saving. However, the plan seems to closely resemble royal funerary monuments of the late Second and early Third Dynasties, while pottery from the site has been dated to the latter period".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson199830_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodson199830-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photo-cuve-grande-excavation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Photo-cuve-grande-excavation.jpg/170px-Photo-cuve-grande-excavation.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Photo-cuve-grande-excavation.jpg/255px-Photo-cuve-grande-excavation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Photo-cuve-grande-excavation.jpg/340px-Photo-cuve-grande-excavation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1158" data-file-height="763" /></a><figcaption>Stone sarcophagus from the unfinished Northern Pyramid of Zawyet El Aryan.</figcaption></figure> <p>On the other hand, some Egyptologists have noticed that Nebka's name seems to be inscribed in the <a href="/wiki/Unfinished_Northern_Pyramid_of_Zawyet_El_Aryan" title="Unfinished Northern Pyramid of Zawyet El Aryan">Unfinished Northern Pyramid of Zawyet El Aryan</a> under the form Nebkara, so that this structure could have been started by this king. More precisely, they point to several graffiti made of black and red <a href="/wiki/Ink" title="Ink">ink</a> which were found in the chamber and in the descending stairway of the pyramid. <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Barsanti" title="Alessandro Barsanti">Alessandro Barsanti</a> recorded at least 67 inscriptions with the names of different workmen crews as well as the name of the planned pyramid complex: <i>Seba ?-Ka</i>, meaning "The Star of ?-Ka". The workmen crew whose name appears most often — thus being the leading crew during the building works — was <i>Wer-ef-seba ?-Ka</i>, meaning "Great Like the Star of (King) ?-Ka". Inscription No. 35 gives the name <i>Neferka-Nefer</i> (meaning "His Beautiful Ka is Flawless"), but otherwise lacks any reference to known people from the Third or Fourth Dynasty, to which this pyramid is usually ascribed. Graffiti No. 15 and No. 52 mention the royal name <i>Nebkarâ</i>, meaning "Lord of the Ka of <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Râ</a>" and a further inscription, No. 55, mentions a possible <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary#Horus_of_Gold" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Horus of Gold name</a>: <i>Neb hedjet-nwb</i>, meaning "Lord of the Golden Crown". Some Egyptologists propose that this is either the <a href="/wiki/Horus_name" title="Horus name">Horus name</a> of king Huni or the Horus of Gold name of Nebka.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner1999270–272_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner1999270–272-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStadelmann198577_&_140–145_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStadelmann198577_&_140–145-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGundacker200926–30_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGundacker200926–30-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_sources">References and sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nebka&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References and sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nebka&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999102-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999102_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999102_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999102_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999102_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson1999">Wilkinson 1999</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider2002167_&_243-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneider2002167_&_243_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneider2002167_&_243_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneider2002167_&_243_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneider2002167_&_243_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchneider2002">Schneider 2002</a>, pp. 167 & 243.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon201333-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201333_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201333_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201333_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeprohon2013">Leprohon 2013</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999102–103-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999102–103_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson1999">Wilkinson 1999</a>, pp. 102–103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeill1908262–273pls._VI–VII-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeill1908262–273pls._VI–VII_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeill1908">Weill 1908</a>, pp. 262–273, pls. VI–VII.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPorterMossBurney1974500-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPorterMossBurney1974500_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPorterMossBurney1974">Porter, Moss & Burney 1974</a>, p. 500.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZiegler1999189–190-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZiegler1999189–190_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZiegler1999">Ziegler 1999</a>, pp. 189–190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParkinson200124-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParkinson200124_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParkinson2001">Parkinson 2001</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkardThissenQuack2003178-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkardThissenQuack2003178_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurkardThissenQuack2003">Burkard, Thissen & Quack 2003</a>, p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELepper200835–41_&_308–310-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELepper200835–41_&_308–310_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELepper200835–41_&_308–310_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLepper2008">Lepper 2008</a>, pp. 35–41 & 308–310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELichtheim2000215–220-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELichtheim2000215–220_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELichtheim2000215–220_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLichtheim2000">Lichtheim 2000</a>, pp. 215–220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErman18907–10-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErman18907–10_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErman1890">Erman 1890</a>, pp. 7–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath199949,_283_&_293-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath199949,_283_&_293_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvon_Beckerath1999">von Beckerath 1999</a>, pp. 49, 283 & 293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHelck1987-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHelck1987_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHelck1987_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHelck1987_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHelck1987">Helck 1987</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKitchen1998534–538-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKitchen1998534–538_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKitchen1998534–538_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKitchen1998">Kitchen 1998</a>, pp. 534–538.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008347–348-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008347–348_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008347–348_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaker2008">Baker 2008</a>, pp. 347–348.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaddell197142–43-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaddell197142–43_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaddell1971">Waddell 1971</a>, pp. 42–43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaddell197141-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaddell197141_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaddell1971">Waddell 1971</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarstang1903pl._XIX-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarstang1903pl._XIX_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarstang1903">Garstang 1903</a>, pl. XIX.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008347-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008347_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008347_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008347_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaker2008">Baker 2008</a>, p. 347.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton199432-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton199432_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClayton1994">Clayton 1994</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaud200719–20_&_41-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaud200719–20_&_41_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaud200719–20_&_41_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaud2007">Baud 2007</a>, pp. 19–20 & 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMálek200096-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMálek200096_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMálek2000">Málek 2000</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999101–104-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999101–104_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson1999">Wilkinson 1999</a>, pp. 101–104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeidlmayer1996121pl._23-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeidlmayer1996121pl._23_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeidlmayer1996">Seidlmayer 1996</a>, p. 121, pl. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERice1999174-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice1999174_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRice1999">Rice 1999</a>, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarstang19033,_11–14,_24–25_&_pls._XVII,_XIX_&_XXIII-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarstang19033,_11–14,_24–25_&_pls._XVII,_XIX_&_XXIII_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarstang19033,_11–14,_24–25_&_pls._XVII,_XIX_&_XXIII_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarstang19033,_11–14,_24–25_&_pls._XVII,_XIX_&_XXIII_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarstang1903">Garstang 1903</a>, pp. 3, 11–14, 24–25 & pls. XVII, XIX & XXIII.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008348-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008348_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008348_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008348_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008348_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008348_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaker2008">Baker 2008</a>, p. 348.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPätznik200569–72_&_78–80-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPätznik200569–72_&_78–80_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPätznik2005">Pätznik 2005</a>, pp. 69–72 & 78–80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahl2001592-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahl2001592_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKahl2001">Kahl 2001</a>, p. 592.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001586-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001586_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2001">Verner 2001</a>, p. 586.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWildung196954–58-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWildung196954–58_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWildung196954–58_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWildung1969">Wildung 1969</a>, pp. 54–58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMálek200085_&_87-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMálek200085_&_87_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMálek2000">Málek 2000</a>, pp. 85 & 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999103-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999103_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999103_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson1999">Wilkinson 1999</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahl2001591-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahl2001591_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKahl2001">Kahl 2001</a>, p. 591.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESwelim1983196–198-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwelim1983196–198_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSwelim1983">Swelim 1983</a>, pp. 196–198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParkinson200125-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParkinson200125_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParkinson2001">Parkinson 2001</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers1901152–153-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers1901152–153_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers1901152–153_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMyers1901">Myers 1901</a>, pp. 152–153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnoldGardinerStrudwickStrudwick200328–29-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnoldGardinerStrudwickStrudwick200328–29_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArnoldGardinerStrudwickStrudwick2003">Arnold et al. 2003</a>, pp. 28–29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodson199830-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson199830_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodson1998">Dodson 1998</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner1999270–272-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner1999270–272_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner1999">Verner 1999</a>, pp. 270–272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStadelmann198577_&_140–145-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStadelmann198577_&_140–145_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStadelmann1985">Stadelmann 1985</a>, pp. 77 & 140–145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGundacker200926–30-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGundacker200926–30_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGundacker2009">Gundacker 2009</a>, pp. 26–30.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nebka&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZiegler1999" class="citation book cs1">Allen, James; Allen, Susan; Anderson, Julie; Arnold, Arnold; Arnold, Dorothea; Cherpion, Nadine; David, Élisabeth; Grimal, Nicolas; Grzymski, Krzysztof; Hawass, Zahi; Hill, Marsha; Jánosi, Peter; Labée-Toutée, Sophie; Labrousse, Audran; Lauer, Jean-Phillippe; Leclant, Jean; Der Manuelian, Peter; Millet, N. B.; Oppenheim, Adela; Craig Patch, Diana; Pischikova, Elena; Rigault, Patricia; Roehrig, Catharine H.; Wildung, Dietrich; Ziegler, Christiane (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/research/metpublications/Egyptian_Art_in_the_Age_of_the_Pyramids">"Relief Block with the Figure of Aa-akhti"</a>. <i>Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids</i>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 189–190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-6543-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-6543-0"><bdi>978-0-8109-6543-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/41431623">41431623</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Relief+Block+with+the+Figure+of+Aa-akhti&rft.btitle=Egyptian+Art+in+the+Age+of+the+Pyramids&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=189-190&rft.pub=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F41431623&rft.isbn=978-0-8109-6543-0&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Allen%2C+Susan&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Julie&rft.au=Arnold%2C+Arnold&rft.au=Arnold%2C+Dorothea&rft.au=Cherpion%2C+Nadine&rft.au=David%2C+%C3%89lisabeth&rft.au=Grimal%2C+Nicolas&rft.au=Grzymski%2C+Krzysztof&rft.au=Hawass%2C+Zahi&rft.au=Hill%2C+Marsha&rft.au=J%C3%A1nosi%2C+Peter&rft.au=Lab%C3%A9e-Tout%C3%A9e%2C+Sophie&rft.au=Labrousse%2C+Audran&rft.au=Lauer%2C+Jean-Phillippe&rft.au=Leclant%2C+Jean&rft.au=Der+Manuelian%2C+Peter&rft.au=Millet%2C+N.+B.&rft.au=Oppenheim%2C+Adela&rft.au=Craig+Patch%2C+Diana&rft.au=Pischikova%2C+Elena&rft.au=Rigault%2C+Patricia&rft.au=Roehrig%2C+Catharine+H.&rft.au=Wildung%2C+Dietrich&rft.au=Ziegler%2C+Christiane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fresearch%2Fmetpublications%2FEgyptian_Art_in_the_Age_of_the_Pyramids&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANebka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnoldGardinerStrudwickStrudwick2003" class="citation book cs1">Arnold, Dieter; Gardiner, Sabine H.; Strudwick, Helen; Strudwick, Nigel (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofan00arno"><i>The Encyclopedia of Ancient Egyptian Architecture</i></a>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-69-111488-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-69-111488-0"><bdi>978-0-69-111488-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+Egyptian+Architecture&rft.place=Princeton%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-69-111488-0&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Dieter&rft.au=Gardiner%2C+Sabine+H.&rft.au=Strudwick%2C+Helen&rft.au=Strudwick%2C+Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofan00arno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANebka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell (2008). <i>The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC</i>. Stacey International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905299-37-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905299-37-9"><bdi>978-1-905299-37-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs%3A+Volume+I+-+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300%E2%80%931069+BC&rft.pub=Stacey+International&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-905299-37-9&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANebka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaud2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Baud, Michel (2007). <i>Djéser et la IIIe dynastie</i>. Grands pharaons (in French). 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Münster: LIT. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-82-580987-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-82-580987-4"><bdi>978-3-82-580987-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Einf%C3%BChrung+in+die+alt%C3%A4gyptische+Literaturgeschichte.+Band+1%3A+Altes+und+Mittleres+Reich&rft.place=M%C3%BCnster&rft.series=Einf%C3%BChrungen+und+Quellentexte+zur+%C3%84gyptologie&rft.pub=LIT&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-3-82-580987-4&rft.aulast=Burkard&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BCnter&rft.au=Thissen%2C+Heinz+Josef&rft.au=Quack%2C+Joachim+Friedrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANebka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClayton1994" class="citation book cs1">Clayton, Peter (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chronicleofphara00clay"><i>Chronicle of the Pharaohs</i></a>. 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Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-815034-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-815034-3"><bdi>978-0-19-815034-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Old+Kingdom+%28c.+2160%E2%80%932055+BC%29&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-815034-3&rft.aulast=M%C3%A1lek&rft.aufirst=Jarom%C3%ADr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordhisto00shaw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANebka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyers1901" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Myers, Charles S. (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/v30t1journalofro30royauoft#page/152/mode/2up">"The Bones of Hen Nekht, an Egyptian King of the Third Dynasty"</a>. <i>The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland</i>. XXX, New series III. London: Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Royal+Anthropological+Institute+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.atitle=The+Bones+of+Hen+Nekht%2C+an+Egyptian+King+of+the+Third+Dynasty&rft.volume=XXX%2C+New+series+III&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Charles+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fv30t1journalofro30royauoft%23page%2F152%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANebka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkinson2001" class="citation book cs1">Parkinson, R. B. (2001). "Papyrus Westcar". In <a href="/wiki/Donald_B._Redford" title="Donald B. Redford">Redford, Donald B.</a> (ed.). <i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 3</i>. 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Chr. : Spurensicherung eines archäologischen Artefaktes</i>. Breasted's Ancient Records (BAR), International Series (in German). Vol. 1339. Oxford: Archaeopress. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84171-685-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84171-685-5"><bdi>978-1-84171-685-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/492410616">492410616</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Siegelabrollungen+und+Rollsiegel+der+Stadt+Elephantine+im+3.+Jahrtausend+v.+Chr.+%3A+Spurensicherung+eines+arch%C3%A4ologischen+Artefaktes&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Breasted%27s+Ancient+Records+%28BAR%29%2C+International+Series&rft.pub=Archaeopress&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F492410616&rft.isbn=978-1-84171-685-5&rft.aulast=P%C3%A4tznik&rft.aufirst=Jean-Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANebka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorterMossBurney1974" class="citation book cs1">Porter, Bertha; Moss, Rosalind L. B.; Burney, Ethel W. (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.griffith.ox.ac.uk/topbib/pdf/pm3-1.pdf"><i>Topographical bibliography of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic texts, reliefs, and paintings. III/1. Memphis. Abû Rawâsh to Abûṣîr</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (second, revised and augmented by Jaromír Málek ed.). Oxford: Griffith Institute, Oxford University Press at the Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-900416-19-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-900416-19-4"><bdi>978-0-900416-19-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Topographical+bibliography+of+ancient+Egyptian+hieroglyphic+texts%2C+reliefs%2C+and+paintings.+III%2F1.+Memphis.+Ab%C3%BB+Raw%C3%A2sh+to+Ab%C3%BB%E1%B9%A3%C3%AEr&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=second%2C+revised+and+augmented+by+Jarom%C3%ADr+M%C3%A1lek&rft.pub=Griffith+Institute%2C+Oxford+University+Press+at+the+Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-900416-19-4&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Bertha&rft.au=Moss%2C+Rosalind+L.+B.&rft.au=Burney%2C+Ethel+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.griffith.ox.ac.uk%2Ftopbib%2Fpdf%2Fpm3-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANebka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRice1999" class="citation book cs1">Rice, Michael (1999). <i>Who is who in Ancient Egypt</i>. London & New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-44328-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-44328-6"><bdi>978-0-203-44328-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+is+who+in+Ancient+Egypt&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-203-44328-6&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANebka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schneider, Thomas (2002). <i>Lexikon der Pharaonen</i> (in German). Düsseldorf: Albatros Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-49-196053-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-49-196053-4"><bdi>978-3-49-196053-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lexikon+der+Pharaonen&rft.place=D%C3%BCsseldorf&rft.pub=Albatros+Verlag&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-3-49-196053-4&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANebka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeidlmayer1996" class="citation book cs1">Seidlmayer, S. J. (1996). "Town and state in the early Old Kingdom. A view from Elephantine". In Spencer, Jeffrey (ed.). <i>Aspects of Early Egypt</i>. London: British Museum Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-71-410999-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-71-410999-2"><bdi>978-0-71-410999-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Town+and+state+in+the+early+Old+Kingdom.+A+view+from+Elephantine&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+Early+Egypt&rft.place=London&rft.pub=British+Museum+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-71-410999-2&rft.aulast=Seidlmayer&rft.aufirst=S.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANebka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStadelmann1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Stadelmann, Rainer (1985). <i>Die Ägyptischen Pyramiden: vom Ziegelbau zum Weltwunder</i>. Kulturgeschichte der antiken Welt (in German). Vol. 30. Mainz: von Zabern. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3805308557" title="Special:BookSources/978-3805308557"><bdi>978-3805308557</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+%C3%84gyptischen+Pyramiden%3A+vom+Ziegelbau+zum+Weltwunder&rft.place=Mainz&rft.series=Kulturgeschichte+der+antiken+Welt&rft.pub=von+Zabern&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-3805308557&rft.aulast=Stadelmann&rft.aufirst=Rainer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANebka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwelim1983" class="citation journal cs1">Swelim, Nabil (1983). "Some Problems on the History of the Third Dynasty". Archaeological and Historical Studies. <b>7</b>. Alexandria: The Archaeological Society of Alexandria.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Some+Problems+on+the+History+of+the+Third+Dynasty&rft.volume=7&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Swelim&rft.aufirst=Nabil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANebka" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerner1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Verner, Miroslav (1999). <i>Die Pyramiden</i> (in German). 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Münchner ägyptologische Studien (in German). Vol. 49. 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Loeb classical library, 350. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; W. 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Berlin: B. Hessling. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/644820022">644820022</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Rolle+%C3%A4gyptischer+K%C3%B6nige+im+Bewusstsein+ihrer+Nachwelt.+Posthume+Quellen+%C3%BCber+die+K%C3%B6nige+der+ersten+vier+Dynastien&rft.place=Berlin&rft.series=M%C3%BCnchner+%C3%A4gyptologische+Studien&rft.pub=B.+Hessling&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F644820022&rft.aulast=Wildung&rft.aufirst=Dietrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANebka" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson1999" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson, Toby A. H. (1999). <i>Early Dynastic Egypt. Strategies, Society and Security</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18633-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18633-9"><bdi>978-0-415-18633-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Dynastic+Egypt.+Strategies%2C+Society+and+Security&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-415-18633-9&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Toby+A.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANebka" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pharaohs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Pharaohs" title="Template:Pharaohs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pharaohs" title="Template talk:Pharaohs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pharaohs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pharaohs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pharaohs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaohs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Protodynastic_to_First_Intermediate_Period_(" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Protodynastic</a> to <a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">First Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<3150–2040 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Protodynastic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(pre-3150 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hedju_Hor" title="Hedju Hor">Hedju Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ny-Hor" title="Ny-Hor">Ny-Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ni-Neith" title="Ni-Neith">Ni-Neith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hat-Hor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hat-Hor">Hat-Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pu_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu (pharaoh)">Pu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hsekiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hsekiu">Hsekiu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Khayu">Khayu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiu_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiu (pharaoh)">Tiu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Thesh">Thesh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neheb" class="mw-redirect" title="Neheb">Neheb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wazner" class="mw-redirect" title="Wazner">Wazner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mekh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekh">Mekh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Falcon" title="Double Falcon">Double Falcon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wash_(pharaoh)" title="Wash (pharaoh)">Wash</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_(pharaoh)" title="A (pharaoh)">A</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Finger_Snail" title="Finger Snail">Finger Snail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fish_(pharaoh)" title="Fish (pharaoh)">Fish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elephant_(pharaoh)" title="Elephant (pharaoh)">Elephant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stork_(pharaoh)" title="Stork (pharaoh)">Stork</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bull_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bull (pharaoh)">Bull</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_I" title="Scorpion I">Scorpion I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_(pharaoh)" title="Crocodile (pharaoh)">Crocodile</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iry-Hor" title="Iry-Hor">Iry-Hor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka_(pharaoh)" title="Ka (pharaoh)">Ka</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_II" title="Scorpion II">Scorpion II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early Dynastic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(3150–2686 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor-Aha" title="Hor-Aha">Hor-Aha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djer" title="Djer">Djer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djet" title="Djet">Djet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_(pharaoh)" title="Den (pharaoh)">Den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anedjib" title="Anedjib">Anedjib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semerkhet" title="Semerkhet">Semerkhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qa%27a" title="Qa'a">Qa'a</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sneferka" title="Sneferka">Sneferka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horus_Bird_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horus Bird (Pharaoh)">Horus Bird</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Second Dynasty of Egypt">II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hotepsekhemwy" title="Hotepsekhemwy">Hotepsekhemwy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebra_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebra (Pharaoh)">Nebra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nynetjer" title="Nynetjer">Nynetjer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ba_(pharaoh)" title="Ba (pharaoh)">Ba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nubnefer" title="Nubnefer">Nubnefer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horus_Sa" title="Horus Sa">Horus Sa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weneg_(pharaoh)" title="Weneg (pharaoh)">Weneg-Nebty</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wadjenes" title="Wadjenes">Wadjenes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senedj" title="Senedj">Senedj</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth-Peribsen" title="Seth-Peribsen">Seth-Peribsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemib-Perenmaat" title="Sekhemib-Perenmaat">Sekhemib-Perenmaat</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferkara_I" title="Neferkara I">Neferkara I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferkasokar" title="Neferkasokar">Neferkasokar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudjefa_I" title="Hudjefa I">Hudjefa I</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasekhemwy" title="Khasekhemwy">Khasekhemwy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2686–2181 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">III</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser">Djoser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemkhet" title="Sekhemkhet">Sekhemkhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanakht" title="Sanakht">Sanakht</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nebka</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaba" title="Khaba">Khaba</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sedjes" title="Sedjes">Sedjes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qahedjet" title="Qahedjet">Qahedjet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">Huni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt">IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sneferu" title="Sneferu">Snefru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufu" title="Khufu">Khufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedefre" title="Djedefre">Djedefre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khafre" title="Khafre">Khafre</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bikheris" title="Bikheris">Bikheris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkaure" title="Menkaure">Menkaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepseskaf" title="Shepseskaf">Shepseskaf</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thamphthis" title="Thamphthis">Thamphthis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Userkaf" title="Userkaf">Userkaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai">Neferirkare Kakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepseskare" title="Shepseskare">Shepseskare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini" title="Nyuserre Ini">Nyuserre Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkauhor_Kaiu" title="Menkauhor Kaiu">Menkauhor Kaiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Isesi" title="Djedkare Isesi">Djedkare Isesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unas" title="Unas">Unas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixth Dynasty of Egypt">VI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teti" title="Teti">Teti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Userkare" title="Userkare">Userkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepi_I_Meryre" title="Pepi I Meryre">Pepi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_I" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf I">Merenre Nemtyemsaf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepi_II_Neferkare" title="Pepi II Neferkare">Pepi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_II" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf II">Merenre Nemtyemsaf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netjerkare_Siptah" title="Netjerkare Siptah">Netjerkare Siptah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferka" title="Neferka">Neferka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nefer#Pharaoh" title="Nefer">Nefer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">1<sup>st</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2181–2040 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventh Dynasty of Egypt">VII</a>/<a href="/wiki/Eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighth Dynasty of Egypt">VIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menkare" title="Menkare">Menkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_II" title="Neferkare II">Neferkare II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Neby" title="Neferkare Neby">Neferkare III Neby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Shemai" title="Djedkare Shemai">Djedkare Shemai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Khendu" title="Neferkare Khendu">Neferkare IV Khendu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenhor" title="Merenhor">Merenhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkamin" title="Neferkamin">Neferkamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikare" title="Nikare">Nikare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Tereru" title="Neferkare Tereru">Neferkare V Tereru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkahor" title="Neferkahor">Neferkahor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Pepiseneb" title="Neferkare Pepiseneb">Neferkare VI Pepiseneb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkamin_Anu" title="Neferkamin Anu">Neferkamin Anu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ibi" title="Qakare Ibi">Qakare Iby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkaure" title="Neferkaure">Neferkaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkauhor" title="Neferkauhor">Neferkauhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferirkare" title="Neferirkare">Neferirkare</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wadjkare" title="Wadjkare">Wadjkare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khuiqer" title="Khuiqer">Khuiqer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khui" title="Khui">Khui</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iytjenu" title="Iytjenu">Iytjenu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Ninth Dynasty of Egypt">IX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meryibre_Khety" title="Meryibre Khety">Meryibre Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare,_ninth_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Neferkare, ninth dynasty">Neferkare VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebkaure_Khety" title="Nebkaure Khety">Nebkaure Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setut" title="Setut">Setut</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imhotep_(pharaoh)" title="Imhotep (pharaoh)">Imhotep</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Tenth Dynasty of Egypt">X</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meryhathor" title="Meryhathor">Meryhathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_VIII" title="Neferkare VIII">Neferkare VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahkare_Khety" title="Wahkare Khety">Wahkare Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merikare" title="Merikare">Merykare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Middle_Kingdom_and_Second_Intermediate_Period_(2040–1550_BC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (2040–1550 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2040–1802 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">XI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_I" title="Mentuhotep I">Mentuhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_I" title="Intef I">Intef I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_II" title="Intef II">Intef II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_III" title="Intef III">Intef III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_II" title="Mentuhotep II">Mentuhotep II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_III" title="Mentuhotep III">Mentuhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_IV" title="Mentuhotep IV">Mentuhotep IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em">Nubia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Segerseni" title="Segerseni">Segerseni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ini" title="Qakare Ini">Qakare Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyibkhentre" title="Iyibkhentre">Iyibkhentre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">XII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_I" title="Amenemhat I">Amenemhat I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_I" title="Senusret I">Senusret I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_II" title="Amenemhat II">Amenemhat II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_II" title="Senusret II">Senusret II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_III" title="Senusret III">Senusret III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_III" title="Amenemhat III">Amenemhat III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_IV" title="Amenemhat IV">Amenemhat IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekneferu" title="Sobekneferu">Sobekneferu</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seankhibtawy_Seankhibra" title="Seankhibtawy Seankhibra">Seankhibtawy Seankhibra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">2<sup>nd</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1802–1550 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Khutawy_Sobekhotep" title="Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep">Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonbef" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonbef">Sonbef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerikare" title="Nerikare">Nerikare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemkare" title="Sekhemkare">Sekhemkare Amenemhat V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameny_Qemau" title="Ameny Qemau">Ameny Qemau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotepibre" title="Hotepibre">Hotepibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iufni" title="Iufni">Iufni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhet_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Amenemhet VI">Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semenkare_Nebnuni" title="Semenkare Nebnuni">Semenkare Nebnuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehetepibre" title="Sehetepibre">Sehetepibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare" title="Sewadjkare">Sewadjkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedjemibre" title="Nedjemibre">Nedjemibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaankhre_Sobekhotep" title="Khaankhre Sobekhotep">Khaankhre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renseneb" title="Renseneb">Renseneb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor" title="Hor">Hor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemrekhutawy_Khabaw" title="Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw">Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkheperew" title="Djedkheperew">Djedkheperew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebkay" title="Sebkay">Sebkay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedjefakare" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedjefakare">Sedjefakare</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wegaf" title="Wegaf">Wegaf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khendjer" title="Khendjer">Khendjer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imyremeshaw" title="Imyremeshaw">Imyremeshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehetepkare_Intef" title="Sehetepkare Intef">Sehetepkare Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Meribre" title="Seth Meribre">Seth Meribre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_III" title="Sobekhotep III">Sobekhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_I" title="Neferhotep I">Neferhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihathor" title="Sihathor">Sihathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_IV" title="Sobekhotep IV">Sobekhotep IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Sobekhotep" title="Merhotepre Sobekhotep">Merhotepre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobekhotep VI">Khahotepre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahibre_Ibiau" title="Wahibre Ibiau">Wahibre Ibiau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merneferre_Ay" title="Merneferre Ay">Merneferre Ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Ini" title="Merhotepre Ini">Merhotepre Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankhenre_Sewadjtu" title="Sankhenre Sewadjtu">Sankhenre Sewadjtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersekhemre_Ined" title="Mersekhemre Ined">Mersekhemre Ined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare_Hori" title="Sewadjkare Hori">Sewadjkare Hori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkawre_Sobekhotep" title="Merkawre Sobekhotep">Merkawre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mershepsesre_Ini_II" title="Mershepsesre Ini II">Mershepsesre Ini II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewahenre_Senebmiu" title="Sewahenre Senebmiu">Sewahenre Senebmiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkheperre" title="Merkheperre">Merkheperre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkare" title="Merkare">Merkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjare_Mentuhotep" title="Sewadjare Mentuhotep">Sewadjare Mentuhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seheqenre_Sankhptahi" title="Seheqenre Sankhptahi">Seheqenre Sankhptahi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakbim_Sekhaenre" title="Yakbim Sekhaenre">Yakbim Sekhaenre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ya%27ammu_Nubwoserre" title="Ya'ammu Nubwoserre">Ya'ammu Nubwoserre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qareh" class="mw-redirect" title="Qareh">Qareh Khawoserre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aahotepre" class="mw-redirect" title="Aahotepre">'Ammu Ahotepre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sheshi" title="Sheshi">Maaibre Sheshi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehesy" title="Nehesy">Nehesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakherewre" class="mw-redirect" title="Khakherewre">Khakherewre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebefawre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebefawre">Nebefawre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehebre" title="Sehebre">Sehebre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merdjefare" title="Merdjefare">Merdjefare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare_III" title="Sewadjkare III">Sewadjkare III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebdjefare" title="Nebdjefare">Nebdjefare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebsenre" title="Nebsenre">Nebsenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekheperenre" title="Sekheperenre">Sekheperenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebnum" title="Bebnum">Bebnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Apepi" title="'Apepi">'Apepi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuya" title="Nuya">Nuya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wazad" title="Wazad">Wazad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sheneh_(pharaoh)" title="Sheneh (pharaoh)">Sheneh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shenshek" title="Shenshek">Shenshek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khamure" title="Khamure">Khamure</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakareb" title="Yakareb">Yakareb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yaqub-Har" title="Yaqub-Har">Yaqub-Har</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sharek" title="Sharek">Sharek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Semqen" title="Semqen">Semqen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aperanat" title="Aperanat">'Aper-'Anati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salitis" title="Salitis">Salitis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakir-Har" title="Sakir-Har">Sakir-Har</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyan" title="Khyan">Khyan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yanassi" title="Yanassi">Yanassi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apepi" title="Apepi">Apepi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamudi" title="Khamudi">Khamudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djehuti" class="mw-redirect" title="Djehuti">Djehuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VIII" title="Sobekhotep VIII">Sobekhotep VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_III" title="Neferhotep III">Neferhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seankhenre_Mentuhotepi" title="Seankhenre Mentuhotepi">Mentuhotepi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebiryraw_I" title="Nebiryraw I">Nebiryraw I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebiriau_II" title="Nebiriau II">Nebiriau II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semenre" title="Semenre">Semenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebiankh" title="Bebiankh">Bebiankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Shedwast" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekhemre Shedwast">Sekhemre Shedwast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedumose_I" title="Dedumose I">Dedumose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedumose_II" title="Dedumose II">Dedumose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedankhre_Montemsaf" title="Djedankhre Montemsaf">Montuemsaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merankhre_Mentuhotep" title="Merankhre Mentuhotep">Merankhre Mentuhotep</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senusret_IV" title="Senusret IV">Senusret IV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pepi_III" title="Pepi III">Pepi III</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Abydos_Dynasty" title="Abydos Dynasty">Abydos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Senebkay" title="Senebkay">Senebkay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wepwawetemsaf" title="Wepwawetemsaf">Wepwawetemsaf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pantjeny" title="Pantjeny">Pantjeny</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snaaib" title="Snaaib">Snaaib</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rahotep" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahotep">Rahotep</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nebmaatre" title="Nebmaatre">Nebmaatre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_I" title="Sobekemsaf I">Sobekemsaf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_II" title="Sobekemsaf II">Sobekemsaf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Wepmaat_Intef" title="Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef">Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubkheperre_Intef" title="Nubkheperre Intef">Nubkheperre Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat_Intef" title="Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef">Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senakhtenre_Ahmose" title="Senakhtenre Ahmose">Senakhtenre Ahmose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seqenenre_Tao" title="Seqenenre Tao">Seqenenre Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamose" title="Kamose">Kamose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="New_Kingdom_and_Third_Intermediate_Period_(1550–664_BC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">Third Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (1550–664 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Pharaohs  <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(male</span></li><li><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">female<sup>♀</sup>)</span></li><li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1550–1070 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose_I" title="Ahmose I">Ahmose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_I" title="Amenhotep I">Amenhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_I" title="Thutmose I">Thutmose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_II" title="Thutmose II">Thutmose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_II" title="Amenhotep II">Amenhotep II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_IV" title="Thutmose IV">Thutmose IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III">Amenhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smenkhkare" title="Smenkhkare">Smenkhkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten" title="Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay_(pharaoh)" title="Ay (pharaoh)">Ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horemheb" title="Horemheb">Horemheb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_I" title="Ramesses I">Ramesses I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merneptah" title="Merneptah">Merneptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenmesse" title="Amenmesse">Amenmesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seti_II" title="Seti II">Seti II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siptah" title="Siptah">Siptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twosret" class="mw-redirect" title="Twosret">Twosret</a><sup>♀</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">XX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Setnakhte" title="Setnakhte">Setnakhte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_III" title="Ramesses III">Ramesses III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IV" title="Ramesses IV">Ramesses IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_V" title="Ramesses V">Ramesses V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VI" title="Ramesses VI">Ramesses VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VII" title="Ramesses VII">Ramesses VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VIII" title="Ramesses VIII">Ramesses VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IX" title="Ramesses IX">Ramesses IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_X" title="Ramesses X">Ramesses X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_XI" title="Ramesses XI">Ramesses XI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">3<sup>rd</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1069–664 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt">XXI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smendes" title="Smendes">Smendes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemnisu" title="Amenemnisu">Amenemnisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_I" title="Psusennes I">Psusennes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemope_(pharaoh)" title="Amenemope (pharaoh)">Amenemope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_the_Elder" title="Osorkon the Elder">Osorkon the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamun" title="Siamun">Siamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_II" title="Psusennes II">Psusennes II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Amun" title="High Priest of Amun">High Priests of Amun</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herihor" title="Herihor">Herihor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piankh" title="Piankh">Piankh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_I" title="Pinedjem I">Pinedjem I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masaharta" title="Masaharta">Masaharta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkhonsuefankh" title="Djedkhonsuefankh">Djedkhonsuefankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkheperre" title="Menkheperre">Menkheperre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smendes_II" title="Smendes II">Smendes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_II" title="Pinedjem II">Pinedjem II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_III" title="Psusennes III">Psusennes III</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt">XXII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_I" title="Shoshenq I">Shoshenq I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_I" title="Osorkon I">Osorkon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_II" title="Shoshenq II">Shoshenq II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tutkheperre_Shoshenq" title="Tutkheperre Shoshenq">Tutkheperre Shoshenq</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_I" title="Takelot I">Takelot I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_II" title="Osorkon II">Osorkon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_III" title="Shoshenq III">Shoshenq III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_IV" title="Shoshenq IV">Shoshenq IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pami" title="Pami">Pami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_V" title="Shoshenq V">Shoshenq V</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pedubast_II" title="Pedubast II">Pedubast II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_IV" title="Osorkon IV">Osorkon IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt">XXIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harsiese_A" title="Harsiese A">Harsiese A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_II" title="Takelot II">Takelot II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedubast_I" title="Pedubast I">Pedubast I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iuput_I" title="Iuput I">Iuput I</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_VI" title="Shoshenq VI">Shoshenq VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_III" title="Osorkon III">Osorkon III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_III" title="Takelot III">Takelot III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudamun" title="Rudamun">Rudamun</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_VII" title="Shoshenq VII">Shoshenq VII</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ini_(pharaoh)" title="Ini (pharaoh)">Menkheperre Ini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">XXIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tefnakht" title="Tefnakht">Tefnakht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakenranef" title="Bakenranef">Bakenranef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">XXV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piye" title="Piye">Piye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shebitku" title="Shebitku">Shebitku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabaka" title="Shabaka">Shabaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taharqa" title="Taharqa">Taharqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantamani" title="Tantamani">Tanutamun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Late_to_Roman_Period_(664_BC–313_AD)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late</a> to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(664 BC–313 AD)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(664–332 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt">XXVI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ammeris" title="Ammeris">Ammeris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefnakht_II" title="Tefnakht II">Tefnakht II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nekauba" title="Nekauba">Nekauba</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necho_I" title="Necho I">Necho I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_I" title="Psamtik I">Psamtik I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necho_II" title="Necho II">Necho II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_II" title="Psamtik II">Psamtik II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apries" title="Apries">Wahibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasis_II" title="Amasis II">Ahmose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_III" title="Psamtik III">Psamtik III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">XXVII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petubastis_III" title="Petubastis III">Petubastis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Great" title="Darius the Great">Darius I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psammetichus_IV" title="Psammetichus IV">Psammetichus IV</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I" title="Artaxerxes I">Artaxerxes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_II" title="Darius II">Darius II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt">XXVIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amyrtaeus" title="Amyrtaeus">Amyrtaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt">XXIX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepherites_I" title="Nepherites I">Nepherites I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakor" title="Hakor">Hakor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psammuthes" title="Psammuthes">Psammuthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepherites_II" title="Nepherites II">Nepherites II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muthis" title="Muthis">Muthis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">XXX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_I" title="Nectanebo I">Nectanebo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teos_of_Egypt" title="Teos of Egypt">Teos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II">Nectanebo II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt">XXXI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabash" title="Khabash">Khabash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arses_of_Persia" title="Arses of Persia">Arses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_III" title="Darius III">Darius III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(332–30 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Macedon" title="Philip III of Macedon">Philip III Arrhidaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II Philadelphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_II" title="Arsinoe II">Arsinoe II</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes" title="Ptolemy III Euergetes">Ptolemy III Euergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice II">Berenice II Euergetes</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy IV Philopator">Ptolemy IV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_III_Philopator" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsinoe III Philopator">Arsinoe III Philopator</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_V_Epiphanes" title="Ptolemy V Epiphanes">Ptolemy V Epiphanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_I_Syra" title="Cleopatra I Syra">Cleopatra I Syra</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_Philometor" title="Ptolemy VI Philometor">Ptolemy VI Philometor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II" title="Cleopatra II">Cleopatra II</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator">Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII Euergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_III" title="Cleopatra III">Cleopatra III</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IX_Lathyros" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy IX Lathyros">Ptolemy IX Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_IV" title="Cleopatra IV">Cleopatra IV</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I" title="Ptolemy X Alexander I">Ptolemy X Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_III" title="Berenice III">Berenice III</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XI_Alexander_II" title="Ptolemy XI Alexander II">Ptolemy XI Alexander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes" title="Ptolemy XII Auletes">Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_V" title="Cleopatra V">Cleopatra V</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice IV of Egypt">Berenice IV Epiphaneia</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VI_Tryphaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VI Tryphaena">Cleopatra VI Tryphaena</a></i><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII Philopator</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator">Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_IV" title="Arsinoe IV">Arsinoe IV</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIV Philopator">Ptolemy XIV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion">Ptolemy XV Caesarion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(30 BC–313 AD)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="XXXIV" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_pharaoh" title="Roman pharaoh">XXXIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galba" title="Galba">Galba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otho" title="Otho">Otho</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vitellius" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus" title="Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerva" title="Nerva">Nerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Verus" title="Lucius Verus">Lucius Verus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pertinax" title="Pertinax">Pertinax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pescennius_Niger" title="Pescennius Niger">Pescennius Niger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geta_(emperor)" title="Geta (emperor)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrinus" title="Macrinus">Macrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadumenian" title="Diadumenian">Diadumenian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elagabalus" title="Elagabalus">Elagabalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Severus_Alexander" title="Severus Alexander">Severus Alexander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Thrax" title="Maximinus Thrax">Maximinus Thrax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_I" title="Gordian I">Gordian I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_II" title="Gordian II">Gordian II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pupienus" title="Pupienus">Pupienus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balbinus" title="Balbinus">Balbinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_III" title="Gordian III">Gordian III</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Arab" title="Philip the Arab">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Decius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trebonianus_Gallus" title="Trebonianus Gallus">Trebonianus Gallus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aemilianus" title="Aemilianus">Aemilianus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(emperor)" title="Valerian (emperor)">Valerian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macrianus_Minor" title="Macrianus Minor">Macrianus Minor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quietus" title="Quietus">Quietus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Mussius_Aemilianus" title="Lucius Mussius Aemilianus">Lucius Mussius Aemilianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gallienus" title="Gallienus">Gallienus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Gothicus" title="Claudius Gothicus">Claudius Gothicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quintillus" title="Quintillus">Quintillus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_(emperor)" title="Tacitus (emperor)">Tacitus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probus_(emperor)" title="Probus (emperor)">Probus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carus" title="Carus">Carus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carinus" title="Carinus">Carinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Numerian" title="Numerian">Numerian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Daza" title="Maximinus Daza">Maximinus Daza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Dynastic_genealogies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dynastic genealogies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="First Dynasty of Egypt family tree">1<sup>st</sup></a></li> <li>2<sup>nd</sup></li> <li>3<sup>rd</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">4<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt family tree">11<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">12<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">18<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">19<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">20<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st,_22nd_%26_23rd_dynasties_of_Egypt_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="21st, 22nd & 23rd dynasties of Egypt family tree">21<sup>st</sup> to 23<sup>rd</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">24<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">25<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">26<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">27<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">30<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">31<sup>st</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty#Family_tree" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic family tree">Ptolemaic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs" title="List of pharaohs">List of pharaohs</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nebka&oldid=1249522640">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nebka&oldid=1249522640</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:27th-century_BC_pharaohs" title="Category:27th-century BC pharaohs">27th-century BC pharaohs</a></li><li><a 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