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vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Numele" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numele"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Numele</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numele-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istoria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istoria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Istoria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istoria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denumirile_istorice_ale_orașului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denumirile_istorice_ale_orașului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Denumirile istorice ale orașului</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denumirile_istorice_ale_orașului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Centrul_Kazanului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centrul_Kazanului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Centrul Kazanului</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centrul_Kazanului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-“Kazanul_de_lemn”" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#“Kazanul_de_lemn”"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>“Kazanul de lemn”</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-“Kazanul_de_lemn”-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Educația" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educația"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Educația</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educația-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistemul_administrativ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistemul_administrativ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sistemul administrativ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistemul_administrativ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Economia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limbi_vorbite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limbi_vorbite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Limbi vorbite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limbi_vorbite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sportul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sportul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sportul</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sportul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orașe_înfrățite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orașe_înfrățite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Orașe înfrățite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orașe_înfrățite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galerie_de_imagini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galerie_de_imagini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Galerie de imagini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galerie_de_imagini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personalități_născute_aici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personalități_născute_aici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Personalități născute aici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personalități_născute_aici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kazan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 140 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-140" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">140 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казан – altaică meridională" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Казан" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="altaică meridională" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%8B%9B%E1%8A%95" title="ካዛን – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካዛን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازان – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قازان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="كازان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كازان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaz%C3%A1n" title="Kazán – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kazán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Къазан – avară" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Къазан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قازان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҡазан – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡазан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – balineză" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Казань – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Казань" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Казань – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Казань" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казан – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Казан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="কাজান – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাজান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazanj" title="Kazanj – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kazanj" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Казань – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Казань" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Казань – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Казань" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Kazan (kapital sa lalawigan) – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kazan (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کازان – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کازان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazan" title="Qazan – turcă crimeeană" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Qazan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turcă crimeeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaza%C5%88" title="Kazaň – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kazaň" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%EA%99%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8A" title="Каꙁанъ – slavonă" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Каꙁанъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хусан – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хусан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan%E2%80%99" title="Kazan’ – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kazan’" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasan" title="Kasan – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kasan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasan" title="Kasan – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kasan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – sorabă de jos" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="sorabă de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Καζάν – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καζάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazano" title="Kazano – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kazano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaz%C3%A1n" title="Kazán – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kazán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaasan" title="Kaasan – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaasan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کازان – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کازان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasan" title="Kasan – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kasan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan_(st%C3%AAd)" title="Kazan (stêd) – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kazan (stêd)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaz%C3%A1n" title="Kazán – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kazán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kas%C3%A3" title="Kasã – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kasã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%96%D7%90%D7%9F" title="קאזאן – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קאזאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="काज़ान – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="काज़ान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazanj" title="Kazanj – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kazanj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaza%C5%84" title="Kazań – sorabă de sus" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kazań" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorabă de sus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazany" title="Kazany – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kazany" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Կազան – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կազան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Казань – ingușă" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Казань" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingușă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan%27" title="Kazan' – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kazan'" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B6%E3%83%B3" title="カザン – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カザン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ყაზანი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყაზანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Қазан (қала) – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қазан (қала)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9E%94" title="카잔 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카잔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Козань – komi-permiak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Козань" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Къазан – karaceai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Къазан" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaceai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казан – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Казан" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Казан (шаар) – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Казан (шаар)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casanum" title="Casanum – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Casanum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasan" title="Kasan – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kasan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%90%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Къазан (Аьрасат) – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Къазан (Аьрасат)" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Казань – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Казань" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasan" title="Kasan – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Kasan" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan%C4%97" title="Kazanė – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kazanė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaza%C5%86a" title="Kazaņa – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kazaņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Казань – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Казань" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%A5" title="Озаҥ – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Озаҥ" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%9A" title="Казањ – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Казањ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="കസാൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കസാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Казань – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Казань" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कझान – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कझान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Азан – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Азан" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%87%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ကာဇန်မြို့ – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာဇန်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Казань ош – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Казань ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کازان – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کازان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan_(stad)" title="Kazan (stad) – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kazan (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хъазан – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хъазан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaza%C5%84" title="Kazań – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kazań" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قازان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کازان – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کازان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caz%C3%A3" title="Cazã – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cazã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Казань – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Казань" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казан – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Казан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱱ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan%27" title="Kazan' – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Kazan'" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazanj" title="Kazanj – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kazanj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaza%C5%88" title="Kazaň – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kazaň" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کازان – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="کازان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazani,_Tataristan" title="Kazani, Tataristan – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kazani, Tataristan" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%9A" title="Казањ – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Казањ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaza%C5%84" title="Kazań – sileziană" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kazań" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="sileziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="கசான் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கசான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Қазон – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қазон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="คาซัน – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาซัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – turkmenă" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan,_Tataristan" title="Kazan, Tataristan – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kazan, Tataristan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казан – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Казан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кузон – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Кузон" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازان – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قازان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Казань – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Казань" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قازان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qozon" title="Qozon – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qozon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan%27" title="Kazan' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kazan'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%B1%B1" title="喀山 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="喀山" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ყაზანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ყაზანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%96%D7%90%D7%9F" title="קאזאן – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאזאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%B1%B1" title="喀山 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="喀山" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kazan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%B1%B1" title="喀山 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="喀山" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q900#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie:Kazan&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discuții despre această pagină — pagină inexistentă [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kazan"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kazan"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Kazan" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Kazan" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fișier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&oldid=16740512" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Kazan&id=16740512&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKazan"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKazan"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kazan"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kazan&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q900" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates" class="noprint"><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/16/55.79083/49.11444/ro" data-zoom="16" data-lat="55.79083" data-lon="49.11444" data-overlays="["_3a6fde61c4c25bbd898ba7fd33c9b133730edf6b"]">55°47′27″N 49°06′52″E</a><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Kazan</span>)</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/16/55.79083/49.11444/ro" data-zoom="16" data-lat="55.79083" data-lon="49.11444" data-overlays="["_3a6fde61c4c25bbd898ba7fd33c9b133730edf6b"]">55.79083°N 49.11444°E</a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-content ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/45px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/68px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/90px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor">bibliografia</a> incompletă sau inexistentă.</b><br />Puteți contribui prin adăugarea de referințe în vederea <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilitate" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilitate">susținerii bibliografice</a> a afirmațiilor pe care le conține.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16501920" /><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-style ambox-style" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold; margin-left:-4px">[[wiki]]</span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune nu este în <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikizare" title="Wikipedia:Wikizare">formatul standard</a></b>.<br /> Ștergeți eticheta la încheierea standardizării.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infocaseta" style="border-spacing:0;font-size:88%;padding:0;line-height:1.5em"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet harta" style="height:41px">Kazan</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td align="center" colspan="2" class="porecla" style="font-size:150%;margin-bottom:2;line-height:1.2em;background:linear-gradient( to right, rgba(45, 41, 46, 0), rgba(45, 41, 46, 0), rgba(45, 41, 46, 0), rgba(16, 23, 33, 0.25)) repeat-y right;padding-top:0">Казань <small>(rusă)</small><br />Казан <small>(tătară)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow infocaseta_subheader"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:var(--color-base, #000)">—  <b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51929311" class="extiw" title="d:Q51929311">cel mai mare oraș</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cel_mai_mare_ora%C8%99_(city_which_has_the_greatest_population_in_a_country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cel mai mare oraș (city which has the greatest population in a country) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51929311" class="extiw" title="d:Q51929311">cel mai mare oraș</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cel_mai_mare_ora%C8%99_(city_which_has_the_greatest_population_in_a_country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cel mai mare oraș (city which has the greatest population in a country) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56580032" class="extiw" title="d:Q56580032"><span lang="ru-Latn">gorod respublikanskogo (ASSR) podcinenia</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="ru-Latn">gorod respublikanskogo (ASSR) podcinenia</span> |]]</span><sup id="cite_ref-c8808ea36c082f2f9f642704d7616fbd_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c8808ea36c082f2f9f642704d7616fbd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7930989" class="extiw" title="d:Q7930989">oraș</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ora%C8%99_(loc_cu_popula%C8%9Bie_mare)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oraș (loc cu populație mare) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-5074842a3bebaf041cfeb70d55b746cd_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5074842a3bebaf041cfeb70d55b746cd-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /> și <a href="/wiki/Ora%C8%99_mare" title="Oraș mare">oraș mare</a></b>  —</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0.7em 0.8em 0.7em 0.8em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:KAZ_Collage_2015.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/KAZ_Collage_2015.png/250px-KAZ_Collage_2015.png" decoding="async" width="207" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/KAZ_Collage_2015.png/330px-KAZ_Collage_2015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/KAZ_Collage_2015.png/500px-KAZ_Collage_2015.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span><br /></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td class="maptable" colspan="2" align="center" style="padding:0.4em 0 0.4em 0"><table align="center" style="width:100%;background:none;display:table"><tbody><tr><td align="center" style="vertical-align:middle"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Kazan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapel"><img alt="Drapel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Kazan.svg/100px-Flag_of_Kazan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Kazan.svg/150px-Flag_of_Kazan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Kazan.svg/200px-Flag_of_Kazan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span><br /><small><b>Drapel</b></small></td><td align="center" style="vertical-align:middle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Coat_of_Arms_of_Kazan_(Tatarstan).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stemă"><img alt="Stemă" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Kazan_%28Tatarstan%29.svg/60px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Kazan_%28Tatarstan%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Kazan_%28Tatarstan%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Kazan_%28Tatarstan%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="831" /></a></span><br /><small><b>Stemă</b></small></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" align="center"><div style="width:290px;float:none;clear:none"><div style="width:290px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:290px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Russia_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kazan se află în Rusia"><img alt="Kazan se află în Rusia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Russia_location_map.svg/290px-Russia_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Russia_location_map.svg/435px-Russia_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Russia_location_map.svg/580px-Russia_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4392" data-file-height="1565" /></a></span><div style="position:absolute;top:64.046%;left:17.271%"><div style="position:absolute;left:-4px;top:-4px;line-height:0"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kazan"><img alt="Kazan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="font-size:90%;line-height:110%;color:#000 !important;position:absolute;width:6em;top:-0.75em;left:5px;text-align:left"><span style="padding:1px;float:left">Kazan</span></div></div></div><div>Kazan (Rusia)</div></div></div>Poziția geografică</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" align="center"><div style="width:290px;float:none;clear:none"><div style="width:290px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:290px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Outline_Map_of_Tatarstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kazan se află în Tatarstan"><img alt="Kazan se află în Tatarstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Outline_Map_of_Tatarstan.svg/330px-Outline_Map_of_Tatarstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Outline_Map_of_Tatarstan.svg/500px-Outline_Map_of_Tatarstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Outline_Map_of_Tatarstan.svg/960px-Outline_Map_of_Tatarstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2491" data-file-height="1685" /></a></span><div style="position:absolute;top:34.799%;left:28.193%"><div style="position:absolute;left:-4px;top:-4px;line-height:0"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kazan"><img alt="Kazan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="font-size:90%;line-height:110%;color:#000 !important;position:absolute;width:6em;top:-0.75em;left:5px;text-align:left"><span style="padding:1px;float:left">Kazan</span></div></div></div><div>Kazan (Tatarstan)</div></div></div>Poziția geografică</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:small;padding-bottom:0.7em">Coordonate: <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/16/55.79083/49.11444/ro" data-zoom="16" data-lat="55.79083" data-lon="49.11444" data-overlays="["_3a6fde61c4c25bbd898ba7fd33c9b133730edf6b"]">55°47′27″N 49°06′52″E</a><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">{{PAGENAME}}</span>)</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/16/55.79083/49.11444/ro" data-zoom="16" data-lat="55.79083" data-lon="49.11444" data-overlays="["_3a6fde61c4c25bbd898ba7fd33c9b133730edf6b"]">55.79083°N 49.11444°E</a></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th><a href="/wiki/%C8%9A%C4%83rile_lumii" class="mw-redirect" title="Țările lumii">Țară</a></th><th class="adr"><span class="country-name"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th><a href="/wiki/Republicile_Rusiei" title="Republicile Rusiei">Republică</a></th><th class="adr"><span class="region"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th>Atestare</th><td>1005</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2"><b>Guvernare</b> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th> - Primar</th><td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1969340" class="extiw" title="d:Q1969340">İlsur Mätşin</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0lsur_M%C3%A4t%C5%9Fin_(politician_rus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İlsur Mätşin (politician rus) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Rusia_Unit%C4%83" title="Rusia Unită">RU</a>, <time datetime="2005-11-17">17 noiembrie 2005</time>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Suprafa%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Suprafață">Suprafață</a></b></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th>  - Total</th><td>425,2 <a href="/wiki/Km%C2%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Km²">km²</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Altitudine" title="Altitudine">Altitudine</a></b></td><td>60 <a href="/wiki/Nivelul_m%C4%83rii" title="Nivelul mării">m.d.m.</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2"><b>Populație</b> (2005)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th> - Total</th><td>1.110.000 locuitori</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th> - <a href="/wiki/Densitatea_popula%C8%9Biei" title="Densitatea populației">Densitate</a></th><td>2.611 loc./km²</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th><a href="/wiki/Fus_orar" title="Fus orar">Fus orar</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th><a href="/wiki/Cod_po%C8%99tal" title="Cod poștal">Cod poștal</a></th><td class="adr"><span class="postal-code">420000–420999</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th>Prefix telefonic</th><td>843</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2"><b>Localități înfrățite</b></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td> - 15 orașe înfrățite</td><td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900#P190" class="extiw" title="d:Q900">listă</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th>Cod zonal</th><td>(+7) 843</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="mergedtoprow" style="text-align:center"><b>Prezență online</b> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://kzn.ru/">http://kzn.ru/</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geonames.org/551487">GeoNames</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900#P1566" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/3437391">OpenStreetMap relation</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900#P402" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=106456079391157">Facebook Places</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900#P1997" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #dddddd solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900" class="extiw" title="d:Q900">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_A%C8%99ezare" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/20px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/40px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513781">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infocaseta_subheader{background:var(--background-color-disabled-subtle,#ddd)}.mw-parser-output .infocaseta .antet{height:41px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;font-size:150%;font-weight:bolder;line-height:1.2em;color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .porecla{color:var(--color-base,#000)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .porecla{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .porecla{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}}</style> <p><b>Kazan</b> (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă">rusă</a> <span lang="ru" style="font-style:italic">Казань</span>; în <a href="/wiki/Limba_t%C4%83tar%C4%83" title="Limba tătară">tătară</a> <i>Казан</i>, transliterat <i>Qazan</i>) este capitala și cel mai mare oraș din <a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Republica Tatarstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Federația Rusă</a>. Cu o populație de 1.143.535 de locuitori, Kazan este al optulea oraș ca mărime din Rusia. </p><p>Orașul este atât un centru comercial major, cât și centrul cel mai important al culturii <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmane</a> <a href="/wiki/T%C4%83tar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tătar">tătare</a>, situat la confluenta râurilor <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a> și <a href="/wiki/Kazanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazanka">Kazanka</a> (<i>Qazansu</i> în <a href="/wiki/Limba_t%C4%83tar%C4%83" title="Limba tătară">tătară</a>) în Rusia centrală europeană. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numele">Numele</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Numele" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Numele"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kazan_Kremlin_Qolsharif_Mosque_08-2016_img1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kazan_Kremlin_Qolsharif_Mosque_08-2016_img1.jpg/250px-Kazan_Kremlin_Qolsharif_Mosque_08-2016_img1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kazan_Kremlin_Qolsharif_Mosque_08-2016_img1.jpg/375px-Kazan_Kremlin_Qolsharif_Mosque_08-2016_img1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kazan_Kremlin_Qolsharif_Mosque_08-2016_img1.jpg/500px-Kazan_Kremlin_Qolsharif_Mosque_08-2016_img1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2455" data-file-height="3273" /></a><figcaption>Moscheea Kul Sharif.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Gravura.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Gravura.jpg/250px-Gravura.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Gravura.jpg/330px-Gravura.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Gravura.jpg/500px-Gravura.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1473" data-file-height="1047" /></a><figcaption>Kazan ~ 1630</figcaption></figure> <p>Originea numelui nu este certă. În traducere literară, cuvântul tătar “qazan” înseamnă <a href="/wiki/Cazan" title="Cazan">cazan</a> sau boiler. Se poate să fi derivate din cuvântul “qazğan” care înseamnă dig. “Qazan” este, la origine, numele unui instrument special de gătit (un fel de covată). Se crede că orașul Kazan este numit după acest obiect datorită amplasării sale geografice, similar cu el; orașul este amplasat în forma literei U (într-o depresiune). O altă legendă, mai romantică, vorbește despre povestea unei prințese tătare pe nume Söyembikä care a scăpat o farfurie de aur (qazan) în râul care traversează orașul. O altă legendă se referă la prințul bulgar Khusan (Хусан) după care a fost numit orașul. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istoria">Istoria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Istoria"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Există ipoteza că orașul Kazan ar fi fost fondat de către <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_de_pe_Volga" title="Bulgaria de pe Volga">bulgarii musulmani de pe Volga</a> în Evul Mediu timpuriu sau de către tătarii <a href="/wiki/Hoarda_de_Aur" title="Hoarda de Aur">Hoardei de Aur</a>, la mijlocul secolului XV. Dacă era într-adevăr un oraș bulgar pe acest loc, estimările fondării sale variază între începutul sec.XI și sfârșitul sec.XIII; era vorba de un avanpost la granița dintre Bulgaria de pe Volga și triburile finice. O altă întrebare este unde a fost construită inițial această citadelă. Săpăturile arheologice au dovedit existența unei așezări urbane în trei părți ale orașului modern: <a href="/wiki/Kremlinul_din_Kazan" title="Kremlinul din Kazan">Kremlin</a>, Bișbalta (pe locul actualei mănăstiri Zilantaw) și lângă Lacul Qaban. Cele mai vechi dovezi sunt cele din Kremlin, care au fost datate ca fiind din sec.XI. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kazanmap19century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Kazanmap19century.jpg/250px-Kazanmap19century.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Kazanmap19century.jpg/330px-Kazanmap19century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Kazanmap19century.jpg/500px-Kazanmap19century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5080" data-file-height="3214" /></a><figcaption>Harta orașului din sec. XIX</figcaption></figure> <p>În sec.XI-XII, prin Kazan trecea o rută comercială între <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> și <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. Era un centru comercial și, posibil, unul dintre cele mai mari orașe ale bulgarilor din regiunea Kazan, chiar dacă capitala acestora era mai la sud, în orașul <a href="/wiki/Bolghar" title="Bolghar">Bolghar</a>. În sec.XIII, un alt val de bulgari din orașele Bolghar și Bilär au venit în Kazan, oraș care între timp fusese distrus de către mongoli. Kazan a devenit capitala de provincie (ducat) al Hoardei de Aur. </p><p>În 1430, tătarii au uzurpat puterea ducatului care, înainte, era condus de dinastia bulgară. După dispariția Hoardei de Aur, Kazan a devenit capitala puternicului <a href="/wiki/Hanatul_Kazanului" title="Hanatul Kazanului">Hanat al Kazanului</a> (1438). Bazarul orașului, care se numea Taș Ayaq (Picior de piatră) a devenit cel mai important centru comercial din regiune, cunoscut în special pentru obiectele de mobilier. Citadela și canalul Bolaq au fost reconstruite, mărind astfel capacitatea defensivă a orașului. Rușii au reușit să ocupe orașul pentru scurte perioade de timp, însă de fiecare dată s-au retras. În <a href="/wiki/1552" title="1552">1552</a>, orașul a fost cucerit de către Rusia care era în acele vremuri condusă de către <a href="/wiki/Ivan_cel_Groaznic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan cel Groaznic">Ivan cel Groaznic</a>, iar majoritatea locuitorilor au fost măcelăriți. În timpul guvernării lui Alexander Gorbatyi-Shuisky, cei mai mulți rezidenți tătari au fost omorâți, reprimați sau <a href="/wiki/Cre%C8%99tinism" title="Creștinism">creștinizați</a> în mod forțat. <a href="/wiki/Moschee" title="Moschee">Moscheile</a> și palatele au fost distruse. Populația tătară care a supraviețuit a fost mutată la 50 de km depărtare de oraș, iar locul lor a fost luat de fermierii ruși și soldați. Tătarii care se aflau în serviciul militar rus au fost mutați în cazarma tătară Bistäse, situată lângă zidurile orașului. Mai târziu, comercianții și meșteșugarii tătari au fost, de asemenea, izolați aici. Kazan a fost distrus în mare parte din cauza unor incendii. </p><p>În jurul anului 1600, independența Hanatului Kazan avea să fie restaurată cu ajutorul populației ruse, dar această independență urma să fie anulată de către Kuzma Minin în 1612. </p><p>În <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>, Hanatul Kazanului a fost abolit și orașul Kazan a devenit capitală de gubernie. După vizita lui <a href="/wiki/Petru_cel_Mare" class="mw-redirect" title="Petru cel Mare">Petru cel Mare</a>, orașul a devenit bază de construcție de nave pentru flota caspică. Cel mai mare poet rus, <a href="/wiki/Gavrila_Derjavin" title="Gavrila Derjavin">Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin</a> s-a născut în Kazan, în anul 1743, fiind fiul unui țăran sărac de origine tătară și cu toate acestea i s-a acordat identitate rusă și a avut o contribuție substanțială la cultura rusă. Kazan a fost în mare parte distrus în anul 1774, ca rezultat al unei revolte a trupelor de graniță și a țăranilor conduși de atamanul Yemelyan Pugachev, dar a fost reconstruit repede, în timpul împărătesei Ecaterina. Ecaterina a dat un decret prin care permitea construirea moscheelor. Totuși, discriminarea tătarilor a continuat. La începutul sec. 19, Alexandru I a înființat Universitatea de Stat din Kazan și Casa Presei. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Coran" title="Coran">Coranul</a> a fost tipărit pentru prima oară în Kazan în anul 1801, orașul devenind un important centru de studiu al științelor orientale din Rusia. Până la sfârșitul sec.XIX, Kazan avea să devină și un centru industrial important din această zonă. Oamenii din satele învecinate veneau în Kazan în căutarea unui loc de muncă. </p><p>În anul 1875 apărea tramvaiul tras de cai, iar în 1899 era construită prima instalație de tramvai. După Revoluția Rusă din 1905, tătarilor li s-a permis să retransforme Kazanul în centru al culturii tătare. S-a înființat primul teatru tătar și a apărut primul ziar tătar. În <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>, Kazan a fost capitala Republicii Idel-Ural, care avea să fie desființată de <a href="/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_Bol%C8%99evic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Revoluția Bolșevică">guvernul bolșevic</a>. Kazan a fost și un centru anti-bolșevic. În august 1918 a fost, pentru o scurtă perioadă, ocupat de către legionarii cehi. În 1919 (după <a href="/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_Bol%C8%99evic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Revoluția Bolșevică">Revoluția din Octombrie</a>), Kazan devenea capitală Republicii Autonome Sovietică Socialistă Tătară. În anii ’20 și ’30 cele mai multe moschei și biserici din oraș au fost distruse (așa cum s-a întâmplat, de altfel, în toată Uniunea Sovietică). </p><p>În timpul <a href="/wiki/Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial" title="Al Doilea Război Mondial">celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial</a>, foarte multe dintre fabricile orașului au fost reprofilate pe producția de armament (tancuri și avioane de luptă), Kazan devenind un centru al industriei militare. De la sfârsitul anilor ’80 și în anii ’90, după dizolvarea URSS-ului, Kazan a redevenit centru al culturii tătare și tendințele separatiste s-au intensificat. Din anul 2000, orașul a cunoscut o perioadă de renovări capitale. O linie de metrou a fost inaugurată pe 27 august 2005; metroul are 5 stații, însă există planuri ca această linie să fie extinsă. Cel mai important eveniment al Kazanului îl reprezintă inaugurarea uneia dintre cele mai mari și mai frumoase moschei din Rusia, Kul Sharif, în Kremlinul orașului. Aceasta a devenit un adevărat simbol al Kazanului. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clima">Clima</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Clima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Clima"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:90%; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.1em; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Date climatice pentru Kazan </th></tr> <tr> <th>Luna </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Ianuarie">Ian</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Februarie">Feb</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Martie">Mar</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Aprilie">Apr</abbr> </th> <th>Mai </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Iunie">Iun</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Iulie">Iul</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="August">Aug</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Septembrie">Sep</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Octombrie">Oct</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Noiembrie">Nov</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Decembrie">Dec</abbr> </th> <th style="border-left-width:medium">Anual </th></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Maxima medie °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#C8DCFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−7.2 <br />(19) </td> <td style="background:#C8DCFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−6.7 <br />(19,9) </td> <td style="background:#F0FFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−0.2 <br />(31,6) </td> <td style="background:#FFCC66;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">10.2 <br />(50,4) </td> <td style="background:#FF8C00;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">19.0 <br />(66,2) </td> <td style="background:#FF6400;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">23.5 <br />(74,3) </td> <td style="background:#FF5000;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">25.5 <br />(77,9) </td> <td style="background:#FF6400;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">22.9 <br />(73,2) </td> <td style="background:#FF9900;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">16.3 <br />(61,3) </td> <td style="background:#FFFF99;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">8.1 <br />(46,6) </td> <td style="background:#F0FFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−1 <br />(30,2) </td> <td style="background:#DCF0FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−5.8 <br />(21,6) </td> <td style="background:#FFFF99;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">8,7 <br />(47,7) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Media zilnică °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#B4C8FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−10.4 <br />(13,3) </td> <td style="background:#B4C8FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−10.2 <br />(13,6) </td> <td style="background:#DCF0FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−4 <br />(24,8) </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">5.5 <br />(41,9) </td> <td style="background:#FFA500;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">13.3 <br />(55,9) </td> <td style="background:#FF8C00;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">18.1 <br />(64,6) </td> <td style="background:#FF8C00;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">20.2 <br />(68,4) </td> <td style="background:#FF9900;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">17.6 <br />(63,7) </td> <td style="background:#FFCC66;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">11.7 <br />(53,1) </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">4.8 <br />(40,6) </td> <td style="background:#DCF0FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−3.4 <br />(25,9) </td> <td style="background:#C8DCFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−8.5 <br />(16,7) </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">4,6 <br />(40,3) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Minima medie °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#A0B4FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−13.5 <br />(7,7) </td> <td style="background:#A0B4FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−13.3 <br />(8,1) </td> <td style="background:#C8DCFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−7.3 <br />(18,9) </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">1.6 <br />(34,9) </td> <td style="background:#FFFF99;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">8.2 <br />(46,8) </td> <td style="background:#FFA500;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">13.3 <br />(55,9) </td> <td style="background:#FF9900;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">15.5 <br />(59,9) </td> <td style="background:#FFA500;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">13.3 <br />(55,9) </td> <td style="background:#FFFF99;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">8.2 <br />(46,8) </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">2.2 <br />(36) </td> <td style="background:#DCF0FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−5.6 <br />(21,9) </td> <td style="background:#B4C8FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−11.4 <br />(11,5) </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">0,9 <br />(33,6) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Minima istorică °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#0000D2;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−46.8 <br />(−52.2) </td> <td style="background:#0000F0;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−39.9 <br />(−39.8) </td> <td style="background:#283CFF;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−31.7 <br />(−25.1) </td> <td style="background:#5064FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−25.6 <br />(−14.1) </td> <td style="background:#C8DCFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−6.5 <br />(20,3) </td> <td style="background:#F0FFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−1.4 <br />(29,5) </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">2.6 <br />(36,7) </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">1.6 <br />(34,9) </td> <td style="background:#DCF0FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−5.4 <br />(22,3) </td> <td style="background:#6478FF;color:#000000;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−23.4 <br />(−10.1) </td> <td style="background:#0000FF;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−36.6 <br />(−33.9) </td> <td style="background:#0000E1;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−43.9 <br />(−47.0) </td> <td style="background:#0000D2;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">−46,8 <br />(−52,2) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16"><a href="/wiki/Precipita%C8%9Bii" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitații">Precipitații</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background:#C3C3FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">40<br />(1.57) </td> <td style="background:#C9C9FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">33<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">32<br />(1.26) </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">31<br />(1.22) </td> <td style="background:#C1C1FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">41<br />(1.61) </td> <td style="background:#9E9EFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">63<br />(2.48) </td> <td style="background:#9E9EFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">65<br />(2.56) </td> <td style="background:#A5A5FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">60<br />(2.36) </td> <td style="background:#B0B0FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">51<br />(2.01) </td> <td style="background:#B0B0FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">53<br />(2.09) </td> <td style="background:#B8B8FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">46<br />(1.81) </td> <td style="background:#BEBEFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">43<br />(1.69) </td> <td style="background:#B8B8FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">558<br />(21,97) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Umiditate" title="Umiditate">Umiditate</a> [%] </th> <td style="background:#0000BC;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">84 </td> <td style="background:#0000C8;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">81 </td> <td style="background:#0000CF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">79 </td> <td style="background:#0000F9;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">68 </td> <td style="background:#1D1DFF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">59 </td> <td style="background:#0202FF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">66 </td> <td style="background:#0000F9;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">68 </td> <td style="background:#0000EE;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">71 </td> <td style="background:#0000DF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">75 </td> <td style="background:#0000C8;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">81 </td> <td style="background:#0000B5;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">86 </td> <td style="background:#0000B8;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">85 </td> <td style="background:#0000DF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">75 </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" style="font-size:90%">Nr. de zile cu precipitații </th> <td style="background:#8383FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">10 </td> <td style="background:#9292FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">8 </td> <td style="background:#A8A8FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">7 </td> <td style="background:#A5A5FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">7 </td> <td style="background:#B4B4FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">6 </td> <td style="background:#8C8CFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">9 </td> <td style="background:#8F8FFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">9 </td> <td style="background:#9C9CFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">8 </td> <td style="background:#8C8CFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">9 </td> <td style="background:#8383FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">10 </td> <td style="background:#7F7FFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">10 </td> <td style="background:#8383FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">10 </td> <td style="background:#9393FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">103 </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" style="font-size:90%">Ore însorite </th> <td style="background:#5A5A5A;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">49.6 </td> <td style="background:#ACAC9E;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">89.6 </td> <td style="background:#C3C311;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">148.8 </td> <td style="background:#DADA00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">204.0 </td> <td style="background:#E8E800;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">273.0 </td> <td style="background:#EFEF0D;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">294.0 </td> <td style="background:#ECEC06;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">291.4 </td> <td style="background:#E4E400;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">254.2 </td> <td style="background:#CACA00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">159.0 </td> <td style="background:#999999;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">83.7 </td> <td style="background:#4F4F4F;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">42.0 </td> <td style="background:#3E3E3E;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">34.1 </td> <td style="background:#CACA00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">1.923,4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"><i>Sursa nr. 1: Pogoda.ru.net,<sup id="cite_ref-Pogoda.ru.net_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pogoda.ru.net-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> World Meteorological Organization (precipitation days only)<sup id="cite_ref-WMO_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"><i>Sursa nr. 2: Hong Kong Observatory (sun only)<sup id="cite_ref-HKO_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HKO-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografie">Demografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Demografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Demografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kazan_population.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Kazan_population.gif/250px-Kazan_population.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Kazan_population.gif/330px-Kazan_population.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Kazan_population.gif/500px-Kazan_population.gif 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="538" /></a><figcaption>Evoluția istorică a populației începând cu 1800</figcaption></figure> <p>Populația zonei metropolitane Kazan este de 1,57 milioane. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:25%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>An </th> <th>Populație </th></tr> <tr> <td>1550 </td> <td>50.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1557 </td> <td>7.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1800 </td> <td>40.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1830 </td> <td>43.900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1839 </td> <td>51.600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1859 </td> <td>60.600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1862 </td> <td>63.100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1883 </td> <td>140.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1897 </td> <td>130.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1917 </td> <td>206.600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1926 </td> <td>179.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1939 </td> <td>398.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959 </td> <td>667.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979 </td> <td>989.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989 </td> <td>1.094.378 (recensământ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td>1.076.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td>1.089.500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <td>1.105.289 (recensământ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td>1.120.200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td>1.130.717 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td>1.143.535 (recensământ) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Denumirile_istorice_ale_orașului"><span id="Denumirile_istorice_ale_ora.C8.99ului"></span>Denumirile istorice ale orașului</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Denumirile istorice ale orașului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Denumirile istorice ale orașului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Tătară (în zilele noastre, 1928–1939): Qazan; <ul><li>(1939–2000): Казан(alfabetul chirilic);</li> <li>(1918–1928): قازان (alfabetul arab);</li></ul></li> <li>Arabă: قزان ;</li> <li>Rusă: Казань [Kazan];</li> <li>Arabă (hist.): Bulgar al-Jadid (în transcriere tătară: Bolğar âl-Cädid) - New Bolğar;</li> <li>Germană: Kasan</li> <li>Latină: Casan</li> <li>Franceză: Kazan</li> <li>Poloneză: Kazań</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Centrul_Kazanului">Centrul Kazanului</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Centrul Kazanului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Centrul Kazanului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kremlin Orașul are o frumoasă citadelă (rusă: kreml,tătară: kirman), care a fost declarată monument al patrimoniului mondial în anul 2000. Cele mai importante monumente ale kremlinului sunt Catedrala Bunei Vestiri (1561-62) și turnul înclinat Soyembika, numit după ultima regină a Kazanului și declarat symbol al orașului. De mare însemnătate sunt și turnurile și zidurile, dărâmate în sec. 16 și 17, dar reconstruite mai târziu; moscheea Qol-Șarif de asemenea reconstruită, din inetriorul citadelei; rămășițele Mănastirii Mântuitorului (splendida sa catedrală a fost demolată de către bolșevici) cu Turnul Spasskaya; Casa Guvernatorului (1843-53), proiectată de către Konstantin Thon, devenită acum Palatul Președinției Tatarstanului. În apropiata vecinătate se află Catedrala Sf. Petru și Pavel (stil baroc) pe strada Qawi Nacmi și Moscheea Marcani situată pe strada Qayum Nasiri (construcție ce datează din sec. 18). Bistä sau Posad Centrul Kazanului este împărțit în două districte de Canalul Bolaq și Lacul Qaban. Primul district (Qazan Bistäse sau Kazanskiy Posad), rus din punct de vedere istoric, este situat pe o colină, iar al doilea district (İske Tatar Bistäse or Staro-Tatarskaya Sloboda), tătar din punct de vedere istoric, este situat între Bolaq și Volga. Foarte multe moschei, cum ar fi Nurullah, Soltan, Bornay, Apanay, Äcem, Märcani, İske Taș, Zäñgär, sunt situate în districtul tătar. Bisericile, cum ar fi Blagoveschenskaya, Varvarinskaya, Nikol'skaya, Tikhvinskaya, se află în cea mai mare parte în districtul rus. Principalele bulevarde centrale ale orașului sunt Bauman, Kreml, Dzerjinski, Tuqay, Pușkin, Butlerov, Gorkiy, Karl Marx și Märcani. O veche legendă spune că în anul 1552, înaintea invaziei rusești, boierii tătari ar fi ascuns aur și argint în Lacul Qaban. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="“Kazanul_de_lemn”"><span id=".E2.80.9CKazanul_de_lemn.E2.80.9D"></span>“Kazanul de lemn”</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: “Kazanul de lemn”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: “Kazanul de lemn”"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La începutul anilor ’90, centrul Kazanului era în cea mai mare parte acoperit de clădiri din lemn, de obicei de două etaje. Centrul Kazanului era o zonă istorică a orașului, însă nu cel mai bun loc pentru locuit. În cadrul programului republican “Lichidarea vechilor apartamente”, cele mai multe dintre ele (spre deosebire de cele din alte orașe rusești), în special cele din Centrul Kazanului, unde terenul este foarte scump, au fost demolate, iar populația a fost mutată în suburbii ale orașului (Azino, Azino-2, Quartal 39). Aproximativ 100.000 de cetățeni au fost relocați prin acest program. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Educația"><span id="Educa.C8.9Bia"></span>Educația</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Educația" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Educația"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kazan._Puppet_theater_P8111949_2200.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Kazan._Puppet_theater_P8111949_2200.jpg/250px-Kazan._Puppet_theater_P8111949_2200.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Kazan._Puppet_theater_P8111949_2200.jpg/330px-Kazan._Puppet_theater_P8111949_2200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Kazan._Puppet_theater_P8111949_2200.jpg/500px-Kazan._Puppet_theater_P8111949_2200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="2200" /></a><figcaption>Teatrul de păpuși din Kazan</figcaption></figure> <p>Universitatea de Stat Kazan a fost fondată în 1804 și a avut câțiva student străluciți, printer care <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Lobacevski" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolai Lobacevski">Nikolai Lobacevski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lev_Tolstoi" title="Lev Tolstoi">Lev Tolstoi</a> și Vladimir Lenin. </p><p>Universitatea Tehnică de Stat Kazan a fost înființată în 1932. Astăzi, această universitate este una dintre cele mai importante în domeniul construcției de avioane și rachete, producția de motoare și instrumente, computere și inginerie radio. </p><p>Sunt aproape 20 de institute și universități în Kazan, dar nu au o importanță atât de mare și cele mai multe dintre ele sunt institute comerciale. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistemul_administrativ">Sistemul administrativ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Sistemul administrativ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Sistemul administrativ"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Autoritatea legislativă a orașului este Consiliul Local al Kazanului. Puterea executivă este exercitată de către Administrația Municipiului Kazan. Kazan este divizat în șapte districte municipale. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Economia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Economia"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Capitala Republicii Tatarstan este Kazan – un important nod feroviar, de autostrăzi și linii aeriene, cel mai mare port de pe Râul Volga. Kazan este central economic al Tatarstanului. 35% din populație, angajată în ramuri ale economiei, este concentrată în Kazan. 151 de companii mari și de mărime medie au sediul în oraș, inclusive 98 JSC. Principalele ramuri ale industriei orașului sunt următoarele: auto, chimică și petrochimică, energetică și alimentară. În 2002 PIB-ul Kazanului a atins suma de 96,8 miliarde de ruble. În procente este reprezentat de: industrie (27%), comerț și servicii (21,9%), transport (6,6%), construcții (4,9%), taxe (20%). Antrepriza industrială a produs 45 de miliarde de ruble, valoare de producție (111,4% în prețurile de la nivelul anului 2001). Salariile medii în industrie au fost de 4500 ruble (cu 21,5% mai mari decât în anul precendent). Salariul mediu (în general) depășea 4200 de ruble (în 2002), adică 142,9% față de anul precendent. Veniturile din industrie au fost de 6 miliarde ruble (102,8% față de 2001). 48,6% din bunurile produse în Kazan sunt vândute în Republica Tatarstan, 31% pe teritoriul Rusiei, 20,4% sunt exportate în CSI și alte state. Vânzările la export ale JSC "Kazanorgsintez" formează mai mult de 30% din totalul producției. JSC "Kazan Helicopter Plant" exportă 92,3% din producția sa. JSC "Kazan Optical-mechanical Plant" exportă 36,6% din producția sa. JSC "Kazanorgsintez" este unul dintre cei mai mari producători de produse chimice din Rusia. Deține mai mult de jumătate din producția națională de polietilenă. A fost inclus în RF State List a asociațiilor și antreprizelor de monopol de producție de polietilenă, țevi de polietilenă și corpuri de țevi. Se remarcă printr-o creștere continuă, financiar și ca volum al producției. Calitatea produselor îndeplinește standardele europene și sunt exportate in multe țări ale lumii. "Kazan Automotive Industrial Enterprise" (KMPO) are mai mult de 60 de ani de experiență în producția motoarelor de avioane. A produs 65% din motoarele pentru avioane civile (Il-62, IL-86, Tu-104 and Tu-154), alături de motoare pentru bombardiere și elicoptere. Astăzi JSC "KMPO" este un producător de armament defensive important, capabil să-și mențină o poziție financiar-economică stabilă. S-a perfecționat în producerea motoarelor de avioane AI-22, stația de pompare a gazelor GPA-16 “Volga”, stații automate de distribuție a gazelor AGRS “Istok”, cutii de viteză automate pentru autobuze. JSC "Kazan Helicopter Plant" este cel mai mare producător de elicoptere M.L. Mil. Elicopterele Mi-8 și Mi-17 i-au adus o mare popularitate. Fiabilitatea lor a fost foarte apreciată. În prezent (probabil 2002) se lucrează la proiectarea unui elicopter utilitar ușor, Ansat. </p><p>Noul avion Tu-214, produs de către Kazan Aircraft Enterprise n. a. S.P. Gorbunov în Martie 2000, a primit certificatul AP-25 categoria a doua, care confirmă alinierea deplină a acestuia la standardele americane și europene. Niciun alt avion rusesc nu a mai primit acest certificate. Recent, firma a conceput un avion cu reacție de mărime medie, Tupolev Tu-324. Deși președintele Vladimir Putin s-a arătat încântat, s-ar părea că proiectul a fost abandonat în favoarea unui proiect civil, Tu-414, un avion de 75 de locuri, care imprumută mult din designul lui Tu-324. De-a lungul mai multor decade o nouă ramură, producția de echipament științific și medical, s-a dezvoltat. Un singur antreprenor, JSC "Kazan Medical-instrumental Plant”, a funcționat în Kazan timp de aprox. 70 de ani. Este o firmă foarte mare și, de altfel unica din Rusia care produce mai mult de 300 de tipuri de instrumente și echipament medical, practice pentru toate ramurile medicine. Anual, KPHFO "Tathimfarmpreparat" produce și vinde 400 de milioane de medicamente folosite în tratamentul a 130 de boli (cardiovasculare, calmante, anti-febră, anti-tuberculoză, antibiotice). Produsele acestei companii se disting prin înalta calitate și prețul mic. PO "Teplocontrol" a fost premiată cu "The Arch of European Golden Star" pentru reputație și calitatea produselor sale. În prezent produce radiatoarele termice “Comfort” și a început producția, asamblarea, livrarea și service-ul pentru termostatele centralelor de uz personal și industrial. JSC "Kazancompressormash" este unul dintre cei mai mari producători de echipamente frigorifice și compresoare. Produsele lor sunt destinate uzinelor mari din metalurgie, gaz, uleiuri, chimice și alte ramuri ale industriei. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limbi_vorbite">Limbi vorbite</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Limbi vorbite" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Limbi vorbite"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rusa" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusa">Rusa</a> și limba <a href="/wiki/Limba_t%C4%83tar%C4%83" title="Limba tătară">tătară</a> sunt cele mai vorbite în oraș. Rusa este înțeleasă de toată populația, cu excepția bătrânilor tătari. Limba tătară este în special vorbită de tătari. Termenul <a href="/wiki/Mankurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Mankurt">mankurt</a> (mañqort) este folosit pentru tătarii cărora le este rușine de cultura și limba lor. <a href="/wiki/Engleza" class="mw-redirect" title="Engleza">Engleza</a> nu se vorbește în oraș, doar persoanele mai tinere o înțeleg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sportul">Sportul</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Sportul" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Sportul"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aq Bars Kazan – echipa de hochei din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_Liga_de_Hochei_a_Rusiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Super Liga de Hochei a Rusiei — pagină inexistentă">Super Liga de Hochei a Rusiei</a> (campioni în <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a> și <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)</li> <li>FC Rubin Kazan – echipă de <a href="/wiki/Fotbal" title="Fotbal">fotbal</a> în <a href="/wiki/Prima_Lig%C4%83_Rus%C4%83" title="Prima Ligă Rusă">Prima Ligă Rusă</a></li> <li>UNICS Kazan – club de <a href="/wiki/Baschet" title="Baschet">baschet</a> din Super Liga de Baschet a Rusiei</li> <li>Raketa Kazan – club de <a href="/wiki/Hochei_pe_iarb%C4%83" title="Hochei pe iarbă">hochei pe iarbă</a></li> <li>Kazan Arrows, Energy Kazan – echipe din Liga de <a href="/wiki/Rugby" title="Rugby">rugby</a> din campionatul rus</li></ul> <ul><li>Atleți faimoși <ul><li>Ruslan Nigmatullin - fotbalist</li> <li>Denis Arkhipov – jucător de hochei</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Kazan a candidat pentru <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universiada_de_Var%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universiada de Vară — pagină inexistentă">Universiada de Vară</a> din <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>, alături de <a href="/wiki/Poznan" class="mw-redirect" title="Poznan">Poznan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murcia_(ora%C8%99)" title="Murcia (oraș)">Murcia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a> și <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>. Următoarea Universiadă se va desfășura în <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a> în <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> la <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orașe_înfrățite"><span id="Ora.C8.99e_.C3.AEnfr.C4.83.C8.9Bite"></span>Orașe înfrățite</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Orașe înfrățite" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Orașe înfrățite"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table cellpadding="10"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania"><img alt="Germania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a> (<a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a>), din 1988;</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Statele_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Statele Unite ale Americii"><img alt="Statele Unite ale Americii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> College Station, Texas (<a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">USA</a>), din 1990;</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia"><img alt="Turcia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eski%C8%99ehir" class="mw-redirect" title="Eskișehir">Eskișehir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia">Turcia</a>), din 1990;</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia"><img alt="Turcia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1kesir" title="Balıkesir">Balıkesir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia">Turcia</a>), din <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>;</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egipt" title="Egipt"><img alt="Egipt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Monufia (<a href="/wiki/Egipt" title="Egipt">Egipt</a>), din <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>;</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egipt" title="Egipt"><img alt="Egipt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Qalyubia (<a href="/wiki/Egipt" title="Egipt">Egipt</a>), din 2001;</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_India" title="Hyderabad, India">Hyderabad, India</a> (<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>), din 2001;</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia"><img alt="Italia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> Urbino (<a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>), din <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>;</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Chinez%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Chineză"><img alt="Republica Populară Chineză" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Hangzhou (<a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>), din <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>;</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia"><img alt="Turcia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia">Turcia</a>), din 2002;</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia"><img alt="Letonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/J%C5%ABrmala" title="Jūrmala">Jūrmala</a> (<a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia">Letonia</a>), din 2002;</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia"><img alt="Turcia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia">Turcia</a>), din 2003;</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shumen" class="mw-redirect" title="Shumen">Shumen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>), din <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>;</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>), din <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>.</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galerie_de_imagini">Galerie de imagini</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: Galerie de imagini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Galerie de imagini"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Tramvaiul din Kazan, lângă Casa Shamil. Poartă numele lui Imam Shamil datorită faptului că portretul său a fost amplasat pe unul dintre pereții săi, cu toate că faimosul luptător nu a fost niciodată în Kazan.</li> <li>Kazan în 1630</li> <li>Harta asediului orașului Kazan (1552)</li></ul> <ul><li>Catedrala Bunei Vestiri (1561–1562)</li></ul> <ul><li>Muzeul de Stat din Kazan<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kazan_church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Kazan_church.jpg/250px-Kazan_church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Kazan_church.jpg/330px-Kazan_church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Kazan_church.jpg/500px-Kazan_church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Simbol cultural oficial</figcaption></figure></li></ul> <ul><li>Kazan în secolul 19</li> <li>Turnul Söyembikä construit în kremlinul Kazanului în sec. 17-18</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li>Moscheea Kul Sharif</li></ul> <ul><li>Moscheea Soltan, de pe Strada Tuqay</li> <li>Pontonul Bolaq</li></ul> <ul><li>Vechile apartamente de lemn, Strada Aivazovsky|Ayvazovskiy</li> <li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kazan_Nurulla_Mosque_08-2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kazan_Nurulla_Mosque_08-2016.jpg/220px-Kazan_Nurulla_Mosque_08-2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kazan_Nurulla_Mosque_08-2016.jpg/330px-Kazan_Nurulla_Mosque_08-2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kazan_Nurulla_Mosque_08-2016.jpg/440px-Kazan_Nurulla_Mosque_08-2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Moscheea Nurulla</figcaption></figure>Odată, o stradă obișnuită în Centrul Kazanului</li> <li>Universitatea de Stat din Kazan</li> <li>Hotelul Shalyapin Palace, Kazan</li></ul> <ul><li>Apartamente de lemn în Centrul Kazanului</li> <li>Partea tătară a Kazanului la începutul sec. 20</li> <li>Volga</li></ul> <ul><li>Portul Kazan</li> <li>Teatrul dramatic Kamal</li></ul> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; width:auto; max-width:908px;"> <div class="thumbinner" style=""><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kazan_cityscape.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panoramic view of Kazan Kremlin, Vernicle temple and Kazanka river right bank"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kazan_cityscape.jpg/900px-Kazan_cityscape.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kazan_cityscape.jpg/1350px-Kazan_cityscape.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Kazan_cityscape.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="238" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kazan_cityscape.jpg" title="Fișier:Kazan cityscape.jpg"> </a></div><div style="text-align:center">A panoramic view of Kazan Kremlin, Vernicle temple and Kazanka river right bank</div></div> </div></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; width:auto; max-width:908px;"> <div class="thumbinner" style=""><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kazan_skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kazanka right bank"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Kazan_skyline.jpg/960px-Kazan_skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Kazan_skyline.jpg/1350px-Kazan_skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Kazan_skyline.jpg/1800px-Kazan_skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1999" data-file-height="178" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kazan_skyline.jpg" title="Fișier:Kazan skyline.jpg"> </a></div><div style="text-align:center">Kazanka right bank</div></div> </div></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; width:auto; max-width:908px;"> <div class="thumbinner" style=""><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kazan_skyline_full.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Both banks of Kazanka"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kazan_skyline_full.jpg/900px-Kazan_skyline_full.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kazan_skyline_full.jpg/1350px-Kazan_skyline_full.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kazan_skyline_full.jpg/1800px-Kazan_skyline_full.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4827" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kazan_skyline_full.jpg" title="Fișier:Kazan skyline full.jpg"> </a></div><div style="text-align:center">Both banks of Kazanka</div></div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personalități_născute_aici"><span id="Personalit.C4.83.C8.9Bi_n.C4.83scute_aici"></span>Personalități născute aici</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifică secțiunea: Personalități născute aici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Personalități născute aici"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feodor_%C8%98aliapin" title="Feodor Șaliapin">Feodor Șaliapin</a> (<a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a> - <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>), <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2nt%C4%83re%C8%9B" title="Cântăreț">cântăreț</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Sad%C3%ADqova" title="Sara Sadíqova">Sara Sadíqova</a> (<a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a> - <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>), <a href="/wiki/Actri%C8%9B%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Actriță">actriță</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sopran%C4%83" title="Soprană">soprană</a> <a href="/wiki/T%C4%83tari" title="Tătari">tătară</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghi_Vinogradov" title="Gheorghi Vinogradov">Gheorghi Vinogradov</a> (<a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a> - <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>), cântăreț;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81rlis_%C5%A0teins" title="Kārlis Šteins">Kārlis Šteins</a> (<a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a> - <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>), <a href="/wiki/Astronom" title="Astronom">astronom</a> <a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia">leton</a>;</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" class="extiw" title="en:Valery Gerasimov">Valeri Gherasimov</a> (n. <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciulpan_Hamatova" title="Ciulpan Hamatova">Ciulpan Hamatova</a> (n. <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>), actriță;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artiom_Zdunov" title="Artiom Zdunov">Artiom Zdunov</a> (n. <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>), <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">politician</a> <a href="/wiki/Ru%C8%99i" title="Ruși">rus</a>, șef al Republicii <a href="/wiki/Mordovia" title="Mordovia">Mordovia</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aida_Garifullina" title="Aida Garifullina">Aida Garifullina</a> (n. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>), soprană tătară;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MakSim" title="MakSim">MakSim</a> (n. <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>), cântăreață;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanov_Bulat_Alfredovici" title="Hanov Bulat Alfredovici">Hanov Bulat Alfredovici</a> (n. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>), <a href="/wiki/Scriitor" title="Scriitor">scriitor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Critic_literar" class="mw-redirect" title="Critic literar">critic literar</a> rus;</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Burmistrov" class="extiw" title="en:Alexander Burmistrov">Aleksander Burmistrov</a> (n. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hochei_pe_ghea%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Hochei pe gheață">hocheist</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veronika_Kudermetova" title="Veronika Kudermetova">Veronika Kudermetova</a> (n. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>), <a href="/wiki/Tenis" title="Tenis">tenismenă</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_ora%C8%99e_din_Rusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Listă de orașe din Rusia">Listă de orașe din Rusia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-c8808ea36c082f2f9f642704d7616fbd-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-c8808ea36c082f2f9f642704d7616fbd_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mert.tatarstan.ru/TerritorialDevelopment/Political_division.html"><i>Административно-территориальное деление республики Татарстан</i></a> (în rusă)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmert.tatarstan.ru%2FTerritorialDevelopment%2FPolitical_division.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AKazan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5074842a3bebaf041cfeb70d55b746cd-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5074842a3bebaf041cfeb70d55b746cd_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doksite.de/map/?loc=Kasan">https://doksite.de/map/?loc=Kasan</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoksite.de%2Fmap%2F%3Floc%3DKasan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AKazan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Lipsește sau este vid: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#citation_missing_title" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pogoda.ru.net-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pogoda.ru.net_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/27595.htm">„Weather and Climate-The Climate of Kazan”</a> (în Russian). Weather and Climate<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2012-08-16">16 august 2012</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weather+and+Climate-The+Climate+of+Kazan&rft.pub=Weather+and+Climate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpogoda.ru.net%2Fclimate%2F27595.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AKazan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Limbă nerecunoscută (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Limb%C4%83_nerecunoscut%C4%83" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Limbă nerecunoscută">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMO-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WMO_4-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldweather.wmo.int/107/c00986.htm">„World Weather Information Service – Kazan”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Meteorological_Organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Meteorological Organisation — pagină inexistentă">World Meteorological Organisation</a> (United Nations)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2012-08-16">16 august 2012</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Weather+Information+Service+%E2%80%93+Kazan&rft.pub=World+Meteorological+Organisation+%28United+Nations%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldweather.wmo.int%2F107%2Fc00986.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AKazan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HKO-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HKO_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121120103103/http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/europe/russia/kazan_e.htm">„Climatological Information for Kazan', Russia”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Observatory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hong Kong Observatory — pagină inexistentă">Hong Kong Observatory</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/europe/russia/kazan_e.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2012-11-20">20 noiembrie 2012</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2012-08-16">16 august 2012</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climatological+Information+for+Kazan%27%2C+Russia&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+Observatory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov.hk%2Fwxinfo%2Fclimat%2Fworld%2Feng%2Feurope%2Frussia%2Fkazan_e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AKazan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear:right;border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0 0 1em 1em;font-size:90%;background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9);color:color:var(--color-base, #000);width:230px;padding:2px;spacing:2px;text-align:center;float:right"><div style="float:left;vertical-align:middle"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left:35px;line-height:normal;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kazan?uselang=ro">Kazan</a></b></span></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kzn.ru/eng/">Official website of Kazan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090624025831/http://www.kzn.ru/eng/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2009-06-24">24 iunie 2009</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kzn.ru/">Official website of Kazan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110225212121/http://www.kzn.ru/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2011-02-25">25 februarie 2011</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba rusă">ru</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigpicture.ru/?p=306922">Kazan bird's-eye</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbth.ru/travel/2013/02/15/discovering_kazan_russias_self-proclaimed_third_capital_22939.html">Kazan weekend guide</a><sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://visitkazan.com/">Virtual Guide around Kazan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kazanherald.com/">The Kazan Herald: Tatarstan's English language newspaper</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140715152548/http://kazanherald.com/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2014-07-15">15 iulie 2014</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kazantimes.com/">The Kazan Times: Business and political news from Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia and all over the World</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190626105443/https://kazantimes.com/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2019-06-26">26 iunie 2019</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gokazan.com/">Kazan city tourist portal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1000kzn.ru/en/">Kazan millenium</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kazan2013.com/">Universiade Kazan 2013</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080603024438/http://www.kazan2013.com/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2008-06-03">3 iunie 2008</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kazan1000.ru/eng/">Kazan 1000 years old</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071008151741/http://www.kazan1000.ru/eng/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2007-10-08">8 octombrie 2007</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aboutkazan.com/islamic-religion-and-culture.shtml">The history of Islamic religion in Kazan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalstroll.com/russia/kazan.php">Kazan - Global Stroll</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060516060127/http://www.globalstroll.com/russia/kazan.php">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2006-05-16">16 mai 2006</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kazan-memory.uni-tuebingen.de/indexee.html">http://www.kazan-memory.uni-tuebingen.de/indexee.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120210150313/http://www.kazan-memory.uni-tuebingen.de/indexee.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-02-10">10 februarie 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. - Student project about Kazan's history (central aspects: memory, religion)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kazan.telecet.ru/">The architecture of Kazan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090211085115/http://kazan.telecet.ru/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2009-02-11">11 februarie 2009</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba rusă">ru</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cypis.pl/Podroze/relacje_pliki/2010.03-06%20Mongolia/ROSJA/KAZAN/galeria1.html">Russia - Republic of Tatarstan - Kazan - photo galleries</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romanialibera.ro/actualitate/mapamond/foto-cum-arata-fabrica-de-la-kazan-unde-se-construiesc-faimoasele-elicoptere-rusesti-286883.html">FOTO Cum arată fabrica de la Kazan unde se construiesc faimoasele elicoptere rusești</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130111043139/http://www.romanialibera.ro/actualitate/mapamond/foto-cum-arata-fabrica-de-la-kazan-unde-se-construiesc-faimoasele-elicoptere-rusesti-286883.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2013-01-11">11 ianuarie 2013</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., 10 decembrie 2012, Andra Dumitru, <i>România liberă</i></li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Format:Subiecta_Tatarstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Format:Subiecta Tatarstan — pagină inexistentă">Format:Subiecta Tatarstan</a> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Patrimoniul_mondial_UNESCO_în_Rusia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:PatrimoniuRusia" 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style="width:1%">Partea europeană</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sankt_Petersburg" title="Sankt Petersburg">Centrul istoric din Sankt Petersburg</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiji — pagină inexistentă">Biserici din Kiji Pogost pe insula Kiji, Lacul Onega</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kremlinul_din_Moscova" title="Kremlinul din Moscova">Kremlinul</a> și <a href="/wiki/Pia%C8%9Ba_Ro%C8%99ie" title="Piața Roșie">Piața Roșie</a> din Moscova <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Velikii_Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Velikii Novgorod">Monumente din Novgorod și regiune</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%83n%C4%83stirea_Solove%C8%9Bk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mănăstirea Solovețk — pagină inexistentă">Monumente pe insula Solovețk, Marea albă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_(Rusia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir (Rusia) — pagină inexistentă">Catedrala din Vladimir</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susdal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susdal — pagină inexistentă">Mănăstiri și Biserici din Susdal</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%83n%C4%83stirea_Trinit%C4%83%C8%9Bii_din_Serghiev_Posad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mănăstirea Trinității din Serghiev Posad — pagină inexistentă">Mănăstirea Trinității din Serghiev Posad</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolomenskoie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolomenskoie — pagină inexistentă">Biserica Învierii din Kolomenskoe</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Republica_Komi" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Komi">Păduri virgine din Komi</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mun%C8%9Bii_Caucaz" title="Munții Caucaz">Caucazul de vest</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kremlinul_din_Kazan" title="Kremlinul din Kazan">Kremlinul din Kazan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%83n%C4%83stirea_Ferapontov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mănăstirea Ferapontov — pagină inexistentă">Mănăstirea Ferapontov</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cordonul_litoral_al_Curlandei" title="Cordonul litoral al Curlandei">Cordonul litoral al Curlandei</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Derbent" title="Derbent"> Citadela, orașul vechi și fortăreața din Derbent</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%83n%C4%83stirea_Novodevicii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mănăstirea Novodevicii — pagină inexistentă">Mănăstirea Novodevicii</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Iaroslav" class="mw-disambig" title="Iaroslav">Orașul vechi din Iaroslav</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Arcul_Geodezic_Struve" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcul Geodezic Struve">Arcul Geodezic Struve</a></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_UNESCO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/50px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/75px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/100px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span 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