Create Startup Profiles | App quality

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track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-profile" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Profiling a benchmark</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-instrumentation-args" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-instrumentation-args" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-instrumentation-args" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Adding instrumentation arguments</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-and-hilt" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-and-hilt" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-and-hilt" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Microbenchmark and Hilt</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-without-gradle" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-without-gradle" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-without-gradle" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Building without Gradle</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/benchmarking/benchmarking-in-ci" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/benchmarking/benchmarking-in-ci" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/benchmarking/benchmarking-in-ci" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Benchmarking in CI</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measure performance</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/measuring-performance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/measuring-performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/measuring-performance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/performance-measurement-examples" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/performance-measurement-examples" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/performance-measurement-examples" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Examples</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Improving performance</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/improving-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/improving-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/improving-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>How to improve performance</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Baseline Profiles</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/baselineprofiles/overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Baseline Profiles</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/create-baselineprofile" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/baselineprofiles/create-baselineprofile" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/create-baselineprofile" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create Baseline Profiles</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/create-baselineprofile-library" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/baselineprofiles/create-baselineprofile-library" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/create-baselineprofile-library" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create Baseline Profiles for a library</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/configure-baselineprofiles" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/baselineprofiles/configure-baselineprofiles" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/configure-baselineprofiles" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure Baseline Profile generation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/measure-baselineprofile" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/baselineprofiles/measure-baselineprofile" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/measure-baselineprofile" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measure with Macrobenchmark library</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/manually-create-measure" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/baselineprofiles/manually-create-measure" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/manually-create-measure" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manually create and measure Baseline Profiles</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/dex-layout-optimizations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/baselineprofiles/dex-layout-optimizations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/dex-layout-optimizations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create Startup Profiles</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/debug-baseline-profiles" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/baselineprofiles/debug-baseline-profiles" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/debug-baseline-profiles" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Debug Baseline Profiles</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/case-study-android-calendar" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/baselineprofiles/case-study-android-calendar" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/case-study-android-calendar" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Case study - Android Calendar</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>App startup</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/appstartup/analysis-optimization" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/appstartup/analysis-optimization" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/appstartup/analysis-optimization" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Analyze and optimize app startup</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/appstartup/case-study-gmail-wear" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/appstartup/case-study-gmail-wear" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/appstartup/case-study-gmail-wear" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Case study - Gmail Wear OS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/libraries/app-startup" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/libraries/app-startup" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/libraries/app-startup" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>App startup library</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Guides</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/appstartup/setup-env" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/appstartup/setup-env" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/appstartup/setup-env" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up your environment for testing</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/guide/background" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /guide/background" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/guide/background" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About background work ⍈</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/performance-class" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/performance-class" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/performance-class" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Declare a device performance class</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/appstandby" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/appstandby" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/appstandby" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About App Standby Buckets</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/app-hibernation" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/app-hibernation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/app-hibernation" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About app hibernation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/guide/practices/verifying-apps-art" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /guide/practices/verifying-apps-art" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/guide/practices/verifying-apps-art" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Verify app behavior on the Android runtime (ART)</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Solving common problems</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/launch-time" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/launch-time" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/launch-time" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>App Startup</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>ANRs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/anrs/keep-your-app-responsive" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/anrs/keep-your-app-responsive" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/anrs/keep-your-app-responsive" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Keep your app responsive</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/anrs/diagnose-and-fix-anrs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/anrs/diagnose-and-fix-anrs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/anrs/diagnose-and-fix-anrs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Diagnose and fix ANRs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/anrs/find-unresponsive-thread" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/anrs/find-unresponsive-thread" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/anrs/find-unresponsive-thread" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Find the unresponsive thread</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Rendering</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/rendering" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/rendering" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/rendering" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Performance of rendering</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/rendering/overdraw" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/rendering/overdraw" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/rendering/overdraw" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Reducing overdraw</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/rendering/optimizing-view-hierarchies" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/rendering/optimizing-view-hierarchies" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/rendering/optimizing-view-hierarchies" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Performance and view hierarchies</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/rendering/profile-gpu" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/rendering/profile-gpu" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/rendering/profile-gpu" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Analyzing with profile GPU rendering</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/develop/ui/views/layout/improving-layouts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /develop/ui/views/layout/improving-layouts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/develop/ui/views/layout/improving-layouts" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Improve layout performance</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Memory</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/memory-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/memory-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/memory-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About memory management</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/memory-management" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/memory-management" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/memory-management" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Memory allocation among processes</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/memory" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/memory" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/memory" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage your app's memory</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/guide/components/processes-and-threads" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /guide/components/processes-and-threads" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/guide/components/processes-and-threads" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Processes and threads</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Battery and power</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/training/monitoring-device-state/doze-standby" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /training/monitoring-device-state/doze-standby" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/training/monitoring-device-state/doze-standby" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize for doze and app standby</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/training/monitoring-device-state/battery-monitoring" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /training/monitoring-device-state/battery-monitoring" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/training/monitoring-device-state/battery-monitoring" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor the battery level and charging state</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/training/monitoring-device-state/connectivity-status-type" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /training/monitoring-device-state/connectivity-status-type" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/training/monitoring-device-state/connectivity-status-type" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor connectivity status and connection metering</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/training/monitoring-device-state/docking-monitoring" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /training/monitoring-device-state/docking-monitoring" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/training/monitoring-device-state/docking-monitoring" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Determining and monitor docking state and type</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/power/setup-battery-historian" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/power/setup-battery-historian" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/power/setup-battery-historian" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Profile battery usage with Batterystats and Battery Historian</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/power/battery-historian" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/power/battery-historian" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/power/battery-historian" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Analyze power use with Battery Historian</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/power/test-power" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/power/test-power" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/power/test-power" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test power-related issues</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/background-optimization" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/background-optimization" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/background-optimization" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Background optimizations</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/reduce-apk-size" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/reduce-apk-size" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/reduce-apk-size" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Reduce app size</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/hardware-accel" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/hardware-accel" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/hardware-accel" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Hardware acceleration</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/sqlite-performance-best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/sqlite-performance-best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/sqlite-performance-best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practices for SQLite performance</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/appstartup/best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/appstartup/best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/appstartup/best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Performance best practices</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitoring performance</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/monitoring-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/monitoring-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/monitoring-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About monitoring performance</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android vitals</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Android vitals</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/anr" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/anr" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/anr" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>ANRs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/crash" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/crash" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/crash" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Crashes</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/render" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/render" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/render" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Slow Rendering</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/slow-session" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/slow-session" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/slow-session" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Slow Sessions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/wakelock" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/wakelock" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/wakelock" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Stuck Partial Wake Locks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/wakeup" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/wakeup" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/wakeup" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Excessive Wakeups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/bg-wifi" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/bg-wifi" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/bg-wifi" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Excessive Background Wi-Fi Scans</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/bg-network-usage" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/bg-network-usage" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/bg-network-usage" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Excessive Background Network Usage</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/permissions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/permissions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/permissions" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Permission Denials</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/launch-time" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/launch-time" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/launch-time" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>App Startup Time</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/jankstats" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/jankstats" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/jankstats" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>JankStats library</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>On Google Play</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-external"><a href="https://play.google.com/console/about/vitals/" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: https://play.google.com/console/about/vitals/" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://play.google.com/console/about/vitals/" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android vitals</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="external" data-title="External" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-external"><a href="https://play.google.com/console/about/guides/releasewithconfidence/" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: https://play.google.com/console/about/guides/releasewithconfidence/" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://play.google.com/console/about/guides/releasewithconfidence/" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Healthy releases</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="external" data-title="External" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Essentials" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Gemini in Android Studio </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/gemini-in-android" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Learn more" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Learn more </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/studio" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Get Android Studio" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Get Android Studio </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Get started </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/get-started/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Hello world" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Hello world </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/courses" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Training courses" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Training courses </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/get-started/codelabs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Tutorials" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Tutorials </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/kotlin" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Kotlin for Android" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Kotlin for Android </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://play.google.com/console/about/guides/monetize/" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Monetization with Play ↗️" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Monetization with Play ↗️ </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Extend by device </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/adaptive-apps" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Adaptive apps" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Adaptive apps </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/wear" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Wear OS" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Wear OS </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/cars" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android for Cars" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Android for Cars </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/tv" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android TV" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Android TV </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/chrome-os" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: ChromeOS" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > ChromeOS </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/multi-device-development" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cross-device SDK" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Cross-device SDK </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Build by category </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/games" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Games" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Games </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/media" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Camera & Media" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Camera & Media </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/social-and-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Social & messaging" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Social & messaging </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/health-and-fitness" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Health & Fitness" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Health & Fitness </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/productivity" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Productivity" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Productivity </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/work/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Enterprise apps" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Enterprise apps </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Get the latest </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/latest-updates" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Latest updates" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Latest updates </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/latest-updates/experimental" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Experimental updates" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Experimental updates </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/studio/preview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android Studio preview" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Android Studio preview </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/jetpack/androidx/versions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Jetpack & Compose libraries" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Jetpack & Compose libraries </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/training/wearables/versions/4" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Wear OS preview" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Wear OS preview </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design-for-safety/privacy-sandbox" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Privacy Sandbox" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Privacy Sandbox </span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Design & Plan" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > UI Design </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design/ui" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Design for Android" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Design for Android </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design/ui/mobile" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Mobile" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Mobile </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design/ui/large-screens" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Large screens (e.g., tablets)" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Large screens (e.g., tablets) </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design/ui/widget" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Widgets" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Widgets </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design/ui/wear" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Wear OS" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Wear OS </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design/ui/tv" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android TV" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Android TV </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Architecture </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/topic/architecture/intro" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Introduction" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Introduction </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/topic/libraries/view-binding" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Libraries" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Libraries </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/guide/navigation/navigation-principles" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Navigation" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Navigation </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/topic/modularization" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Modularization" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Modularization </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/training/testing/fundamentals" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Testing" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Testing </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Quality </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quality" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Overview" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Overview </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quality/core-value" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Core value" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Core value </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quality/user-experience" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: User experience" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > User experience </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quality/technical" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Technical quality" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Technical quality </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quality/privacy-and-security" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Security" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Security </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Security </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/security" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Overview" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Overview </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/privacy-and-security/about" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Privacy" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Privacy </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/identity" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Identity" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Identity </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/security/fraud-prevention" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Fraud prevention" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Fraud prevention </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Build for Billions </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/build-for-billions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Overview" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Overview </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/quality-guidelines/build-for-billions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: About new markets" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > About new markets </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/guide/topics/androidgo" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android (Go edition)" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Android (Go edition) </span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Develop" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Build AI experiences </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/ai" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Get started" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Get started </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Core areas </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/samples" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Samples" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Samples </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quick-guides" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Try Quick Guidesᵇᵉᵗᵃ" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Try Quick Guidesᵇᵉᵗᵃ </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/develop/ui" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: User interfaces" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > User interfaces </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/guide/topics/permissions/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Permissions" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Permissions </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/develop/background-work" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Background work" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Background work </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/guide/topics/data" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Data and files" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Data and files </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/develop#core-areas" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: All core areas ⤵️" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > All core areas ⤵️ </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Tools and workflow </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/studio/write" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Write and debug code" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Write and debug code </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/build/gradle-build-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Build projects" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Build projects </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/training/testing" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Test your app" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Test your app </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/topic/performance/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Performance" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Performance </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/tools" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Command-line tools" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Command-line tools </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/reference/tools/gradle-api" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Gradle plugin API" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Gradle plugin API </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Device tech </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/guide/topics/large-screens/get-started-with-large-screens" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Large screens (e.g., tablets)" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Large screens (e.g., tablets) </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/training/wearables" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Wear OS" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Wear OS </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/health-and-fitness/guides" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android Health" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Android Health </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/guide/topics/connectivity/cross-device-sdk/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cross-device SDK" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Cross-device SDK </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/training/cars" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android for Cars" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Android for Cars </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/training/tv" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android TV" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Android TV </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/chrome-os/intro" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: ChromeOS" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > ChromeOS </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Libraries </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/reference/packages" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android platform" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Android platform </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/jetpack/androidx/explorer" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Jetpack libraries" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Jetpack libraries </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/jetpack/androidx/releases/compose" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Compose libraries" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Compose libraries </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/android/reference/packages" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Play services ↗️" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google Play services ↗️ </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://play.google.com/sdks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Play SDK index ↗️" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Google Play SDK index ↗️ </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </devsite-book-nav> <section id="gc-wrapper"> <main role="main" class="devsite-main-content" has-book-nav has-sidebar > <div class="devsite-sidebar"> <div class="devsite-sidebar-content"> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" role="navigation" aria-label="On this page" depth="2" scrollbars ></devsite-toc> <devsite-recommendations-sidebar class="nocontent devsite-nav"> </devsite-recommendations-sidebar> </div> </div> <devsite-content> <article class="devsite-article"> <div class="devsite-article-meta nocontent" role="navigation"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <a href="https://developer.android.com/" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="Android Developers" > Android Developers </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://developer.android.com/design" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="2" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="2" track-metadata-eventdetail="" > Design & Plan </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://developer.android.com/quality" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="3" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="3" track-metadata-eventdetail="App quality" > App quality </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://developer.android.com/quality/technical" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="4" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="4" track-metadata-eventdetail="" > Technical quality </a> </li> </ul> <devsite-thumb-rating position="header"> </devsite-thumb-rating> </div> <h1 class="devsite-page-title" tabindex="-1"> Create Startup Profiles </h1> <devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> <span slot="popout-heading"> Stay organized with collections </span> <span slot="popout-contents"> Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </span> </devsite-feature-tooltip> <div class="devsite-page-title-meta"><devsite-view-release-notes></devsite-view-release-notes></div> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded > </devsite-toc> <devsite-recommendations-dropdown class="nocontent"></devsite-recommendations-dropdown> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> <p>Startup Profiles are a subset of Baseline Profiles. Startup Profiles are used by the build system to further optimize the classes and methods they contain by improving the layout of code in your APK's DEX files. With Startup Profiles, your app startup is usually between 15% and 30% faster than with Baseline Profiles alone.</p> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> Startup Profiles impact your app's APK size, and the performance impact they provide might be large or small depending on how your app is structured. We recommend running an A/B test to assess the effect of Startup Profiles on your app.</span></aside> <figure class="dex layout optimizations"> <img src="/static/topic/performance/images/dex-layout-optimizations.png" alt> <figcaption><b>Figure 1.</b> Code locality improvement from DEX layout optimization.</figcaption> </figure> <h2 id="requirements" data-text="Requirements" tabindex="-1">Requirements</h2> <p>We recommend using Startup Profiles with the following tools:</p> <ul> <li>Jetpack Macrobenchmark 1.2.0 or higher</li> <li>Android Gradle Plugin 8.2 or higher</li> <li>Android Studio Iguana or higher</li> </ul> <p>In addition, you need the following settings in your app:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/build/shrink-code">R8</a> enabled. For your release build, set <code translate="no" dir="ltr">isMinifyEnabled = true</code>.</li> <li>DEX layout optimizations enabled. In the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">baselineProfile {}</code> block of the app module's build file, set <code translate="no" dir="ltr">dexLayoutOptimization = true</code>.</li> </ul> <h2 id="create-startup" data-text="Create a Startup Profile" tabindex="-1">Create a Startup Profile</h2> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> Unlike regular Baseline Profiles, Startup Profiles can't be contributed by libraries; Startup Profiles only include rules generated by the startup tests that you define, so make sure that you include all the main ways that users can enter your app.</span></aside><aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> AGP 8.2 doesn't support distinct Startup Profiles per variant. If you're using AGP 8.2, use Baseline Profile Gradle plugin 1.2.3 or higher to automatically merge across variants. Upgrade to AGP 8.3 to use distinct Startup Profiles per variant.</span></aside> <p>Android Studio creates a Startup Profile alongside a Baseline Profile when you use the default Baseline Profile Generator template.</p> <p>The general steps to create and generate a Startup Profile are the same as those to <a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/create-baselineprofile">create a Baseline Profile</a>.</p> <p>The default way to create a Startup Profile is by using the Baseline Profile Generator module template from within Android Studio. This includes startup interactions that form a basic Startup Profile. To augment this Startup Profile with more Critical User Journeys (CUJs), add your app startup CUJs to a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">rule</code> block with <code translate="no" dir="ltr">includeInStartupProfile</code> set to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">true</code>. For simple apps, launching the app's <code translate="no" dir="ltr">MainActivity</code> might be sufficient. For more complex apps, consider adding the most common entry points into your app, such as starting the app from the home screen or launching into a <a href="/training/app-links/deep-linking">deep link</a>.</p> <p>The following code snippet shows a Baseline Profile generator (by default the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">BaselineProfileGenerator.kt</code> file) that includes starting your app from the home screen and launching into a deep link. The deep link goes directly to the app's news feed, not the app's home screen.</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Kotlin"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><span class="devsite-syntax-nd">@RunWith</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">AndroidJUnit4</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">::</span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">class</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">)</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-nd">@LargeTest</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-kd">class</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nc">BaselineProfileGenerator</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">{</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nd">@get</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">:</span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">Rule</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-kd">val</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nv">rule</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">BaselineProfileRule</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">()</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nd">@Test</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-kd">fun</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-nf">generate</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">()</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">{</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">rule</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-na">collect</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">packageName</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-s">"com.example.app"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">,</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">includeInStartupProfile</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-kc">true</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">)</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">{</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-c1">// Launch directly into the NEWS_FEED.</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">startActivityAndWait</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">Intent</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">().</span><span class="devsite-syntax-na">apply</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">{</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">setPackage</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">packageName</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">)</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">setAction</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s">"com.example.app.NEWS_FEED"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">)</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">})</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">}</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">}</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-p">}</span> </code></pre></devsite-code> <p>Run the <a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/create-baselineprofile#generate-profile"><strong>Generate Baseline Profile for app</strong> configuration</a> and find the Startup Profile rules at <code translate="no" dir="ltr">src/<variant>/generated/baselineProfiles/startup-prof.txt</code>.</p> <h2 id="confirm-startup-optimization" data-text="Confirm Startup Profiles optimization" tabindex="-1">Confirm Startup Profiles optimization</h2> <p>To confirm DEX layout optimization, use Android Studio to open the APK and verify the classes in the DEX files. Make sure the primary <code translate="no" dir="ltr">classes.dex</code> isn't completely filled. If your app consists of a single DEX file, you can check whether the app contains two DEX files after enabling the Startup Profile.</p> <p>Android Studio warns you if the startup classes don't fit in a single DEX file. To get diagnostic information that includes the amount of non-startup methods in the startup classes, make sure the R8 compiler is updated to at least version 8.3.36-dev by making the following changes to the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">settings.gradle</code> file when you apply the Startup Profile:</p> <div> <div class="ds-selector-tabs"><section><h3 class="two-line-tab" tab-label="settings.gradle.kts" id="kts" data-text="Kotlin" tabindex="-1">Kotlin</h3> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Kotlin"><span class="devsite-syntax-n">pluginManagement</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">{</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">buildscript</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">{</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">repositories</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">{</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">mavenCentral</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">()</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">maven</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">{</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">url</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">uri</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s">"https://storage.googleapis.com/r8-releases/raw"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">)</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">}</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">}</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">dependencies</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">{</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">classpath</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s">"com.android.tools:r8:8.3.6-dev"</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">)</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">}</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">}</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-p">}</span></pre></devsite-code> </section><section><h3 class="two-line-tab" tab-label="settings.gradle" id="groovy" data-text="Groovy" tabindex="-1">Groovy</h3> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Groovy"><span class="devsite-syntax-n">pluginManagement</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">{</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">buildscript</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">{</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">repositories</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">{</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">mavenCentral</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">()</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">maven</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">{</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">url</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">uri</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s1">'https://storage.googleapis.com/r8-releases/raw'</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">)</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">}</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">}</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">dependencies</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">{</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">classpath</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-err">'</span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">com</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-na">android</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-na">tools</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">:</span><span class="devsite-syntax-nl">r8:</span><span class="devsite-syntax-mf">8.3</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-mi">6</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">-</span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">dev</span><span class="devsite-syntax-err">"</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">}</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">}</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-o">}</span></pre></devsite-code> </section></div> </div> <p>Make sure you add <code translate="no" dir="ltr">--info</code> after <code translate="no" dir="ltr">assembleRelease</code> in the following command when building with Gradle.</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded><code translate="no" dir="ltr">./gradlew assembleRelease --info </code></pre></devsite-code> <p>The diagnostic is then printed to the terminal.</p> <p>If your app or any libraries reference any <a href="/studio/write/java8-support#library-desugaring">desugared APIs</a>, the bundled compatibility implementations of these classes are always contained in the last DEX file. This desugared last DEX file doesn't participate in DEX layout optimizations.</p> <h2 id="considerations" data-text="Considerations to creating startup profiles" tabindex="-1">Considerations to creating startup profiles</h2> <p>The output of a startup profile's classes and methods is limited by the size of the first classes.dex file. This means that not all baseline profile journeys should also be startup profile journeys.</p> <p>To decide which user journeys to cover when creating a startup profile, consider where most users start the application. Usually that is from the launcher and after they have been logged in. This is also the most basic baseline profile journey.</p> <p>After the first use case has been covered, follow the user funnel for app startup. In many cases, app startup funnels follow this list:</p> <ol> <li>Main launcher activity</li> <li>Notifications that trigger app startup</li> <li>Optional launcher activities</li> </ol> <p>Work this list from the top and stop before classes.dex is full. To cover more journeys afterwards, move code out of the startup path and add more journeys. To move code out of the startup path, inspect Perfetto traces during app startup and look for long running operations. You can also use a <a href="/topic/performance/benchmarking/macrobenchmark-overview">macrobenchmark</a> with <a href="/topic/performance/benchmarking/macrobenchmark-instrumentation-args#profiling-mode">method tracing enabled</a> for an automatable and complete view of method calls during app startup.</p> <devsite-recommendations> <h2 id="recommended_for_you" data-text="Recommended for you" tabindex="-1">Recommended for you</h2> <ul> <li>Note: link text is displayed when JavaScript is off</li> <li><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/create-baselineprofile">Create Baseline Profiles {:#creating-profile-rules}</a></li> <li><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/overview">Baseline Profiles {:#baseline-profiles}</a></li> <li><a href="/topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-write">Writing a Microbenchmark</a></li> </ul> </devsite-recommendations> <devsite-hats-survey class="nocontent" hats-id="VxqvKSur40kxBYCLVTd0SSGykbno" listnr-id="5207477"></devsite-hats-survey> </div> <devsite-recommendations display="in-page" hidden yield> </devsite-recommendations> <devsite-thumb-rating position="footer"> </devsite-thumb-rating> <devsite-recommendations id="recommendations-link" yield></devsite-recommendations> <div class="devsite-floating-action-buttons"> </div> </article> <devsite-content-footer class="nocontent"> <p>Content and code samples on this page are subject to the licenses described in the <a href="/license">Content License</a>. 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