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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Macdonald_ministry_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Macdonald ministry (disambiguation)">Macdonald ministry</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Lead_too_short plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-lead_too_short" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> <b>may be too short to adequately <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">summarize</a> the key points</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please consider expanding the lead to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Provide_an_accessible_overview" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">provide an accessible overview</a> of all important aspects of the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:auto; max-width:30em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #ededed;"><div class="fn org">Second MacDonald ministry</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(HM_Government,_1901-1952).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%2C_1901-1952%29.svg/50px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%2C_1901-1952%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%2C_1901-1952%29.svg/75px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%2C_1901-1952%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%2C_1901-1952%29.svg/100px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%2C_1901-1952%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="402" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color: #efefef; font-weight:bold;">1929–1931</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.37952.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.37952.jpg/154px-Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.37952.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.37952.jpg/231px-Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.37952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.37952.jpg/308px-Ramsay_MacDonald_ggbain.37952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="564" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Ramsay MacDonald</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date formed</th><td class="infobox-data">5 June 1929<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1929-06-05</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data">24 August 1931<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1931-08-24</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">People and organisations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Prime Minister's history</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_premiership_of_Ramsay_MacDonald" class="mw-redirect" title="Second premiership of Ramsay MacDonald">1929–1935</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deputy Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total <abbr title="number">no.</abbr> of members</th><td class="infobox-data">86 appointments</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status in legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">Minority</a><br /><i>dependent on <a href="/wiki/Lib%E2%80%93Lab_pact#1929" title="Lib–Lab pact">Liberal support</a></i></div> <div style="width: px;"><span class="nowrap">287 / 615 (47%)</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #E4003B; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opposition party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opposition leaders</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a><br /><i>in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></i></div></li><li><a href="/wiki/James_Gascoyne-Cecil,_4th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury">Lord Salisbury</a> (1929–1930)</li><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hogg,_1st_Viscount_Hailsham" title="Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham">Lord Hailsham</a> (1930–1931)<br /><i>in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></i></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Election</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1929_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1929 United Kingdom general election">1929 general election</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature terms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_1929_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 1929 United Kingdom general election">35th UK Parliament</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_Baldwin_ministry" title="Second Baldwin ministry">Second Baldwin ministry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Government_(1931)" title="National Government (1931)">First National Government</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>second MacDonald ministry</b> was formed by <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a> on his reappointment as <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of the United Kingdom">prime minister of the United Kingdom</a> by <a href="/wiki/King_George_V" class="mw-redirect" title="King George V">King George V</a> on 5 June 1929. It was the second time the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> had formed a government; the <a href="/wiki/First_MacDonald_ministry" title="First MacDonald ministry">first MacDonald ministry</a> held office in 1924. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_MacDonald_ministry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The government formed lacked a parliamentary <a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">majority</a>, its total of 288 seats (arising from 8,300,000 votes) compared to the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservatives</a>' 255 seats with 8,560,000 votes. Most remaining seats were those of 58 <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> MPs. The disparity in seats versus votes cast was created by the outcome on boundaries at the time under the <a href="/wiki/First_past_the_post_electoral_system" class="mw-redirect" title="First past the post electoral system">first past the post electoral system</a> and the lack of a boundary change since the <a href="/wiki/Representation_of_the_People_Act_1918" title="Representation of the People Act 1918">Representation of the People Act 1918</a>. MacDonald thus had a <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a> that needed the support of <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a>'s MPs to pass legislation. His ministers rapidly faced the problems stemming from the impact of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, having to reconcile budgetary considerations with the demands of trade unions. In particular, unemployed workers' organisations carried on regular and massive protest actions, including a series of <a href="/wiki/Hunger_marches" title="Hunger marches">hunger marches</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Policy">Policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_MacDonald_ministry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The government faced practical enforcement difficulties with its legislation, such as the <a href="/wiki/Coal_Mines_Act_1930" title="Coal Mines Act 1930">Coal Mines Act 1930</a> (<a href="/wiki/20_%26_21_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="20 & 21 Geo. 5">20 & 21 Geo. 5</a>. c. 34), which provided for a 7<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-hour daily shift in mines. Owners were guaranteed minimum coal prices through compulsory production quotas among collieries, thus doing away with cut-throat competition. This solution was introduced to prevent a fall in miners' wages.<sup id="cite_ref-HodgeMellor_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HodgeMellor-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The act introduced a philanthropic cartel replacing the coal merchants' oligopoly to allocate production quotas by control of a central council, while a Mines Reorganisation Commission was established to encourage efficiency through amalgamations. Many mine owners variously offended these provisions due to Labour's lack of enforcement powers.<sup id="cite_ref-HarmerLongman_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HarmerLongman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Land Utilisation Bill of 1931 would have given ministers sweeping powers to purchase land nationwide (to be run by local authorities and other such bodies). It was mauled by the House of Lords and had no backing from the Treasury so reduced to limited powers to improve agricultural productivity and provide and subsidise smallholdings to the unemployed and agricultural workers, as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_Land_(Utilisation)_Act_1931&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agricultural Land (Utilisation) Act 1931 (page does not exist)">Agricultural Land (Utilisation) Act 1931</a> (<a href="/wiki/21_%26_22_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="21 & 22 Geo. 5">21 & 22 Geo. 5</a>. c. 41).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceE_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceE-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other legislation introduced include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_Marketing_Act_1931&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agricultural Marketing Act 1931 (page does not exist)">Agricultural Marketing Act 1931</a> (<a href="/wiki/21_%26_22_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="21 & 22 Geo. 5">21 & 22 Geo. 5</a>. c. 42) (which established a board to fix prices for produce),<sup id="cite_ref-HodgeMellor_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HodgeMellor-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greenwood's <a href="/wiki/Housing_Act_1930" title="Housing Act 1930">Housing Act 1930</a> (<a href="/wiki/20_%26_21_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="20 & 21 Geo. 5">20 & 21 Geo. 5</a>. c. 39) (which provided subsidies for <a href="/wiki/Slum_clearance_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Slum clearance in the United Kingdom">slum clearance</a><sup id="cite_ref-Tanner_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tanner-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and the London Transport Bill 1931 — this was passed by a subsequent Conservative government as the <a href="/wiki/London_Passenger_Transport_Act_1933" class="mw-redirect" title="London Passenger Transport Act 1933">London Passenger Transport Act 1933</a> (<a href="/wiki/23_%26_24_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="23 & 24 Geo. 5">23 & 24 Geo. 5</a>. c. 14). The Housing Act 1930 resulted in the demolition of 245,000 slums by 1939,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the construction of 700,000 new homes.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Housing Act 1930 also allowed local authorities to set up differential rent schemes, with rents related to the incomes of the tenants concerned.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Immediate measures carried out by the government upon taking office included the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unemployment_Insurance_Act_1929&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unemployment Insurance Act 1929 (page does not exist)">Unemployment Insurance Act 1929</a> (<a href="/wiki/20_%26_21_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="20 & 21 Geo. 5">20 & 21 Geo. 5</a>. c. 3), which made temporary amendment of the Unemployment Insurance Acts, increasing the state contribution to the fund, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Development_(Loan_Guarantees_and_Grants)_Act_1929&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Development (Loan Guarantees and Grants) Act 1929 (page does not exist)">Development (Loan Guarantees and Grants) Act 1929</a> (<a href="/wiki/20_%26_21_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="20 & 21 Geo. 5">20 & 21 Geo. 5</a>. c. 7) authorising grants up to £25 million and a further £25 million in guarantees for public works schemes designed to reduce unemployment, the parallel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonial_Development_Act_1929&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colonial Development Act 1929 (page does not exist)">Colonial Development Act 1929</a> (<a href="/wiki/20_%26_21_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="20 & 21 Geo. 5">20 & 21 Geo. 5</a>. c. 5) authorising grants up to £1 million a year for schemes in the colonies, a measure continuing at the existing levels the subsidies under the Housing Acts, which the Conservatives had threatened to reduce, and a removal of the appointed Guardians whom the Conservatives had put in office in place of the elected Boards in Bedwellty, Chester-le-Street, and Westham.<sup id="cite_ref-GDHCole_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDHCole-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Changes were also made to the taxation system that resulted in the poor paying less tax and the rich paying more.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Expenditure on the insurance fund was raised as a means of ensuring that unemployed persons would not be reduced so quickly to poor relief.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_Insurance_Act_1930" title="Unemployment Insurance Act 1930">Unemployment Insurance Act 1930</a> (<a href="/wiki/20_%26_21_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="20 & 21 Geo. 5">20 & 21 Geo. 5</a>. c. 16) increased insurance benefits for certain classes of unemployed who had been on a very low scale, and included a provision that (except in trade disputes) claims for benefits could no longer be disallowed except on the authority of a Court of Referees. Altogether, an estimated 170,000 people were brought into benefit by the combined exchanges in the act. A scheme for training unemployed workers who had little chance of being reabsorbed into their previous occupations was extended, while arrangements were made whereby youths who were helping to support their families out of unemployment pay could live at either the training centres (or lodgings in the vicinity) and have a special remittance of 9 shillings a week made to their homes. In addition, the provision of instruction for unemployed boys and girls between the ages of 14 and 18 was extended.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceE_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceE-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Widows%27,_Orphans%27_and_Old_Age_Contributory_Pensions_Act_1925&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Widows', Orphans' and Old Age Contributory Pensions Act 1925 (page does not exist)">Widows', Orphans' and Old Age Contributory Pensions Act 1925</a> (<a href="/wiki/15_%26_16_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="15 & 16 Geo. 5">15 & 16 Geo. 5</a>. c. 70) was amended to cover some hundreds of thousands of additional pensioners, under improved conditions,<sup id="cite_ref-GDHCole_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDHCole-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the inclusion of widows between the ages of 55 and 70.<sup id="cite_ref-Tanner_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tanner-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_Insurance_Act_1930" title="Unemployment Insurance Act 1930">Unemployment Insurance Act 1930</a> (<a href="/wiki/20_%26_21_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="20 & 21 Geo. 5">20 & 21 Geo. 5</a>. c. 16) re-drafted the terms of benefit, so as to remove the major part of the grievance relating to the disqualification of persons alleged to be "not genuinely seeking work", which led to greater numbers of people acquiring unemployment assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other measures carried out in 1929–30 included the <a href="/wiki/Road_Traffic_Act_1930" title="Road Traffic Act 1930">Road Traffic Act 1930</a> (<a href="/wiki/20_%26_21_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="20 & 21 Geo. 5">20 & 21 Geo. 5</a>. c. 43) (which introduced third-party insurance to compensate for property damage and personal injury, made better provisions for road safety,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provided greater freedom to municipalities to run omnibus services, the principle of the Fair Wage Clause was applied to all employees on road passenger services, and placed a statutory limit on the working hours of drivers<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceE_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceE-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), the Land Drainage Act<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (December 2023)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (which provided some degree of progress in river management<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_Works_Facilities_Act_1930&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public Works Facilities Act 1930 (page does not exist)">Public Works Facilities Act 1930</a> (<a href="/wiki/20_%26_21_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="20 & 21 Geo. 5">20 & 21 Geo. 5</a>. c. 50) (conferring easier borrowing powers), the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Workmen%27s_Compensation_(Silicosis_and_Asbestosis)_Act_1930&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Workmen's Compensation (Silicosis and Asbestosis) Act 1930 (page does not exist)">Workmen's Compensation (Silicosis and Asbestosis) Act 1930</a> (<a href="/wiki/20_%26_21_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="20 & 21 Geo. 5">20 & 21 Geo. 5</a>. c. 29) (which established disability compensation for asbestos<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and the <a href="/wiki/Mental_Treatment_Act_1930" title="Mental Treatment Act 1930">Mental Treatment Act 1930</a> (<a href="/wiki/20_%26_21_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="20 & 21 Geo. 5">20 & 21 Geo. 5</a>. c. 23). </p><p>The 1930 Labour budget provided for largely increased expenditure, contained measures to prevent tax evasion, raised the standard rate of income tax as well as the surtax while making concessions to the smaller taxpayer.<sup id="cite_ref-GDHCole_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDHCole-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A town and country planning act<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (December 2023)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> gave local authorities more power to control local and regional planning,<sup id="cite_ref-Tanner_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tanner-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_(Rural_Authorities)_Act_1931&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Housing (Rural Authorities) Act 1931 (page does not exist)">Housing (Rural Authorities) Act 1931</a> (<a href="/wiki/21_%26_22_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="21 & 22 Geo. 5">21 & 22 Geo. 5</a>. c. 39) provided a sum of £2 million to help the poorer rural districts which were willing but unable to fulfil their housing responsibilities. In addition, an act<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (December 2023)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> passed by the previous Conservative government providing assistance towards the improvement of privately owned cottages for land workers was extended for another five years.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceE_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceE-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To protect farm workers from exploitation, additional inspectors were appointed in 1929 to investigate "cases of refusal to pay minimum wages," and as a result of the work carried out by these investigators, wage arrears were recovered for 307 workers with the space of a few months. In addition, levels of support for war veterans and family members were expanded.<sup id="cite_ref-fau.digital.flvc.org_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fau.digital.flvc.org-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In education, various measures were introduced to promote equality and opportunity. More generous standards of school-planning were secured, while special attention was given to the provision of adequate accommodation for practical work. The number of "black-listed" schools was reduced from about 2,000 to about 1,500. From 1929 to 1931, the number of certified teachers in service was increased by about 3,000, while the number of classes with more than 50 children was reduced by about 2,000. Capital expenditure on elementary school building approved by the Board of Education during 1930–1931 stood at over £9 million, more than double the amount approved during 1928–29, the Conservative government's last year in office.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceE_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceE-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, an annual grant to the universities was increased by £250,000.<sup id="cite_ref-fau.digital.flvc.org_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fau.digital.flvc.org-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various military reforms were carried out, with the raising of the minimum age of enrolment into <a href="/wiki/Officers%27_Training_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Officers' Training Corps">Officers' Training Corps</a> from 13 to 15, the abolition of the death penalty for certain offences, and the modification of the disciplinary code "in the direction of clemency."<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceD_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceD-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A circular was issued that urged the need for an expansion of provisions for the health and welfare of children under the compulsory school age by the development of nursery schools and other services, and by April 1931, the amount of accommodation available in nursery schools was doubled. The number of staff in the school medical services was increased, while about 3,000 new places were provided in day and residential special schools for crippled or blind children and in open-air schools for delicate children. There was also a large increase in the number of meals supplied to school children, while support given by the government to the National Milk Publicity Council's scheme for supplying milk to children resulted in 600,000 children benefiting daily from this service. Technical education was developed and arrangements were made for co-operation between technical colleges and industry, while new regulations facilitated an expansion of adult education.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceE_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceE-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the government increased the number of free places that <a href="/wiki/Local_education_authorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Local education authorities">local education authorities</a> could offer to 50%.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To improve safety standards at sea, an international conference was convened by the Labour President of the Board of Trade, which led to 27 governments signing a convention establishing for the first time uniform safety rules for all the cargo ships throughout the world. Conditions for soldiers were improved, while the death penalty for certain offences was abolished. A seven-year limit in connection with war pensions was also removed, while a programme for afforestation was increased.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceE_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceE-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unemployment_Insurance_Act_1929&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unemployment Insurance Act 1929 (page does not exist)">Unemployment Insurance Act 1929</a> (<a href="/wiki/20_%26_21_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="20 & 21 Geo. 5">20 & 21 Geo. 5</a>. c. 3) scrapped the "genuinely seeking work" clause in unemployment benefit (which was originally abolished by the first Labour government in 1924, and reintroduced by the Conservatives in 1928), increased dependants' allowances, extended provision for the long-term unemployed, relaxed eligibility conditions, and introduced an individual means test.<sup id="cite_ref-HarmerLongman_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HarmerLongman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of the changes made by the government to unemployment provision, the number of people on transitional benefits (payments given to those who had either exhausted their unemployment insurance benefits or did not qualify for them)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rose from 120,000 in 1929 to more than 500,000 in 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Health_Insurance_(Prolongation_of_Insurance)_Act_1930&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Health Insurance (Prolongation of Insurance) Act 1930 (page does not exist)">National Health Insurance (Prolongation of Insurance) Act 1930</a> (<a href="/wiki/21_%26_22_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="21 & 22 Geo. 5">21 & 22 Geo. 5</a>. c. 5) extended provision of health insurance to unemployed males whose entitlement had run out, while the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Prisoners%27_Defence_Act_1930&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poor Prisoners' Defence Act 1930 (page does not exist)">Poor Prisoners' Defence Act 1930</a> (<a href="/wiki/20_%26_21_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="20 & 21 Geo. 5">20 & 21 Geo. 5</a>. c. 32) introduced criminal legal aid for appearances in magistrates' courts. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Housing_(Scotland)_Act_1930&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Housing (Scotland) Act 1930 (page does not exist)">Housing (Scotland) Act 1930</a> (<a href="/wiki/20_%26_21_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="20 & 21 Geo. 5">20 & 21 Geo. 5</a>. c. 40) and the <a href="/wiki/Housing_Act_1930" title="Housing Act 1930">Housing Act 1930</a> (<a href="/wiki/20_%26_21_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="20 & 21 Geo. 5">20 & 21 Geo. 5</a>. c. 39) provided local authorities with additional central government subsidies to construct new homes for people who had been moved out of slum clearance areas.<sup id="cite_ref-HarmerLongman_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HarmerLongman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Housing Act 1930 provided for rehousing in advance of demolition, and also for the charging of low rents. The act also made state aid available for the first time for building attractive little houses for older people without families. An obligation was put onto county councils to contribute towards houses built for farm workers, while provisions in the act for improving bad housing and clearing slums were applied to the country districts as well as to urban areas.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceE_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceE-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of measures were also introduced to improve standards of health and safety in the workplace. As a means of improving industrial hygiene, regulations were introduced on 1 June 1931 that prescribed measures of hygiene for establishments engaged in electrolytic chromium plating, while regulations introduced on 28 April 1931 dealt with conditions in the refractory materials industries. On 24 February 1931, special regulations were issued by the Home Office for the prevention of accidents in the shipbuilding industry.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hairdressers%27_and_Barbers%27_Shops_(Sunday_Closing)_Act_1930&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hairdressers' and Barbers' Shops (Sunday Closing) Act 1930 (page does not exist)">Hairdressers' and Barbers' Shops (Sunday Closing) Act 1930</a> (<a href="/wiki/20_%26_21_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="20 & 21 Geo. 5">20 & 21 Geo. 5</a>. c. 35) (which came into force in January 1931) provided for the compulsory closing of hairdressers and barbers shops on Sundays and with certain exceptions provided that "no person may carry on the work of a hairdresser on Sunday." An order of February 1930 prescribed protective measures for cement workers, while an order of May 1930 contained provisions concerning the protection of workers in tanneries.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1929" title="Local Government Act 1929">Local Government Act 1929</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (December 2023)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Second_MacDonald_ministry#Local_Government_Act_1929" title="Talk:Second MacDonald ministry">discuss</a></i>]</sup> (<a href="/wiki/19_%26_20_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="19 & 20 Geo. 5">19 & 20 Geo. 5</a>. c. 17) abolished the <a href="/wiki/Workhouse_test" title="Workhouse test">workhouse test</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and replaced the Poor Law with public bodies known as <a href="/wiki/Public_assistance_committee" title="Public assistance committee">public assistance committees</a> for the relief of the poor and destitute, while Poor Law hospitals came under the control of local authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Law_Act_1930&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poor Law Act 1930 (page does not exist)">Poor Law Act 1930</a> (<a href="/wiki/20_%26_21_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="20 & 21 Geo. 5">20 & 21 Geo. 5</a>. c. 17) also encouraged local authorities (in the words of one study) "to work with a local voluntary group to find suitable employment for deaf people."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lid was kept on the (then) ever present risk of a naval arms race, while the system of naval officer recruitment was reformed to make it less difficult for working-class sailors to secure promotion from the ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> George Lansbury, the First Commissioner of Works, sponsored a "Brighter Britain" campaign and introduced a number of facilities in London parks such as mixed bathing, boating ponds,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and swings and sandpits for children.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of other initiatives were undertaken by the Office of Works during Labour's time in office, including extensions in the amenities of the parks and palaces under its charge, and the spending of thousands of pounds on various improvements for the preservation of memorials across the country, as characterised by the restoration of a castle at Porchester near Portsmouth.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceD_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceD-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Scotland, various welfare initiatives were carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Office" title="Scottish Office">Scottish Office</a>. Medical services in the Highlands and Islands were extended and stabilised, while limits imposed by a previous Conservative administration on the scale of Poor Law relief were scrapped, along with a system of offering the Poor House "as test for able-bodied men who have been out of work for a long period."<sup id="cite_ref-fau.digital.flvc.org_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fau.digital.flvc.org-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Second Labour Government's achievements in social policy were, however, overshadowed by the government's failure to tackle the effects of the Great Depression, which left mass unemployment in its wake. Spending on public works was accelerated, although this proved to be inadequate in dealing with the problem. By January 1930, 1.5 million people were out of work, a number which reached almost 2 million by June, and by December it topped 2.5 million.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lord Privy Seal <a href="/wiki/J._H._Thomas" title="J. H. Thomas">J. H. Thomas</a>, who was put in charge of the problem of unemployment, was unable to offer a solution,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Margaret Bondfield also failed to come up with an imaginative response.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other members of the cabinet, however, put forward their own proposals for dealing with the Depression. </p><p><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">George Lansbury</a> proposed land reclamation in Great Britain, a colonising scheme in Western Australia, and pensions for people at the age of sixty, while <a href="/wiki/Tom_Johnston_(Scottish_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Johnston (Scottish politician)">Tom Johnston</a> pushed for national relief schemes such as the construction of a road round <a href="/wiki/Loch_Lomond" title="Loch Lomond">Loch Lomond</a> (Johnston was successful in getting a coach road from <a href="/wiki/Aberfoyle,_Stirling" title="Aberfoyle, Stirling">Aberfoyle</a> to the Trossachs rebuilt). These and similar schemes, however, failed in the Unemployment Committee (a group composed of Thomas and his assistants Johnston, Lansbury, and Oswald Mosley to develop a solution to the unemployment problem), where the four ministers received negative responses to their proposals from the top civil servants from the various government departments.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The one minister whose proposals may have helped Britain to recover quickly from the worst effects of the Great Depression was <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Mosley" title="Oswald Mosley">Oswald Mosley</a>, a former member of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>. Frustrated by the government's economic orthodoxy (a controversial policy upheld by the fiscally conservative Chancellor, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Snowden" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Snowden">Philip Snowden</a>), Mosley submitted an ambitious set of proposals for dealing with the crisis to the Labour Cabinet in what became known as "Mosley's Memorandum". These included much greater use of credit to finance development through the public control of banking, rationalisation of industry under public ownership, British agricultural development, import restrictions and bulk purchase agreements with foreign (particularly Imperial) producers, protection of the home market by tariffs, and higher pensions and allowances to encourage earlier retirement from industry and to increase purchasing power.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although MacDonald was sympathetic to some of Mosley's proposals, they were rejected by Snowden and other members of the Cabinet, which led Mosley to resign in frustration in May 1930. The government continued to adhere to an orthodox economic course,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as characterised by the controversial decision of the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Labour_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Labour (United Kingdom)">Minister of Labour</a> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bondfield" title="Margaret Bondfield">Margaret Bondfield</a> to push through Parliament an Anomalies Act,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> aimed at stamping out apparent "abuses" of the unemployment insurance system. This legislation limited the rights of short-time, casual and seasonal workers and of married women to claim unemployment benefit, which further damaged the reputation of the government amongst Labour supporters.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bondfield was caught between the financial orthodoxy of Snowden, the critics of cuts on Labour's backbenches and the baying for even more cuts on the Opposition benches, and in the end she ended up satisfying none of them.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fate">Fate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_MacDonald_ministry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the summer of 1931, the government was gripped by a political and financial crisis as the value of the pound and its place on the Gold Standard came under threat over fears that the budget was unbalanced. A run on gold began when a report by the May Committee estimated that there would be a deficit of £120 million by April 1932, and recommended reductions in government expenditure and higher taxes to prevent this.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MacDonald's cabinet met repeatedly to work out the necessary cutbacks and tax rises, while at the same time seeking loans from overseas. It later became clear that the bankers in New York would only provide loans if the government carried out significant austerity measures, such as a 10% reduction in the dole. During August 1931, the Cabinet struggled to produce budget amendments that were politically acceptable but proved unable to do so without causing mass resignations and a full-scale split in the party. The particular issue on which the split occurred was the vote of the cabinet after much discussion to reduce benefit paid to unemployed people under the National Assistance scheme. The Cabinet was unable to reach an agreement on this controversial issue, with nine members opposing the reduction in the dole and eleven supporting it, and on 24 August 1931 the government formally resigned.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Second Labour Government was succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/First_National_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="First National Ministry">First National Ministry</a>, also headed by Ramsay MacDonald and made up of members of Labour, the Conservatives and Liberals, calling itself a National Government. Viewed by many Labour supporters as a traitor, Macdonald was subsequently expelled from the Labour Party, and remained a hated figure within the Labour Party for many years thereafter, despite his great services to his party earlier in his life.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The circumstances surrounding the downfall of the Second Labour Government, together with its replacement by the National Government and its failure to develop a coherent economic strategy for dealing with the effects of the Great Depression, remained controversial amongst historians for many years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cabinet">Cabinet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_MacDonald_ministry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cabinet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_1929_–_August_1931"><span id="June_1929_.E2.80.93_August_1931"></span>June 1929 – August 1931</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_MacDonald_ministry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: June 1929 – August 1931"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ramsay MacDonald – Prime Minister and Leader of the House of Commons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Sankey" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Sankey">Lord Sankey</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cripps,_1st_Baron_Parmoor" title="Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor">Lord Parmoor</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the House of Lords">Leader of the House of Lords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._H._Thomas" title="J. H. Thomas">J. H. Thomas</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Snowden" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Snowden">Philip Snowden</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">J. R. Clynes</a> – <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">Foreign Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Passfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Passfield">Lord Passfield</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Secretary of State for the Colonies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Dominion_Affairs" title="Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs">Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Shaw_(politician)" title="Tom Shaw (politician)">Thomas Shaw</a>- <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_War" title="Secretary of State for War">Secretary of State for War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wedgwood_Benn" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wedgwood Benn">William Wedgwood Benn</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_India" title="Secretary of State for India">Secretary of State for India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Birdwood_Thomson,_1st_Baron_Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Birdwood Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson">Lord Thomson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Air" title="Secretary of State for Air">Secretary of State for Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Adamson" title="William Adamson">William Adamson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Scotland" title="Secretary of State for Scotland">Secretary of State for Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Alexander" class="mw-redirect" title="A. V. Alexander">A. V. Alexander</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Graham_(Edinburgh_MP)" title="William Graham (Edinburgh MP)">William Graham</a> – <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Trade" title="President of the Board of Trade">President of the Board of Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Trevelyan,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Trevelyan, 3rd Baronet">Sir Charles Philips Trevelyan</a> – <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Board of Education">President of the Board of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Buxton" title="Noel Buxton">Noel Buxton</a> – <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Agriculture,_Fisheries_and_Food" title="Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food">Minister of Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bondfield" title="Margaret Bondfield">Margaret Bondfield</a> – <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Labour_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Labour (United Kingdom)">Minister of Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Arthur Greenwood</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Health">Minister of Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">George Lansbury</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Commissioner_of_Works" title="First Commissioner of Works">First Commissioner of Works</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Changes">Changes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_MacDonald_ministry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>June 1930 – J.H. Thomas succeeds Lord Passfield as Dominions Secretary. Passfield remains Colonial Secretary. <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Hartshorn" title="Vernon Hartshorn">Vernon Hartshorn</a> succeeds Thomas as Lord Privy Seal. <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Addison">Christopher Addison</a> succeeds Noel Buxton as Minister of Agriculture</li> <li>October 1930 – <a href="/wiki/William_Warrender_Mackenzie,_1st_Baron_Amulree" class="mw-redirect" title="William Warrender Mackenzie, 1st Baron Amulree">Lord Amulree</a> succeeds Lord Thomson as Secretary of State for Air</li> <li>March 1931 – <a href="/wiki/H.B._Lees-Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="H.B. Lees-Smith">H.B. Lees-Smith</a> succeeds Sir C.P. Trevelyan at the Board of Education. <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Herbert Morrison</a> enters the cabinet as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Transport" title="Secretary of State for Transport">Minister of Transport</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tom_Johnston_(Scottish_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Johnston (Scottish politician)">Thomas Johnston</a> succeeds Hartshorn as Lord Privy Seal</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_ministers">List of ministers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_MacDonald_ministry&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: List of ministers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Members of <a href="/wiki/Second_Labour_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Labour Government">the Cabinet</a> are in <b>bold</b> face. </p> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th>Office </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Date </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Treasury" title="First Lord of the Treasury">First Lord of the Treasury</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a></b> </td> <td>5 June 1929 – <br /> 24 August 1931 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/John_Sankey,_1st_Viscount_Sankey" title="John Sankey, 1st Viscount Sankey">The Lord Sankey</a></b> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the House of Lords">Leader of the House of Lords</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cripps,_1st_Baron_Parmoor" title="Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor">The Lord Parmoor</a></b> </td> <td>7 June 1929 – <br /> 24 August 1931 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/James_Henry_Thomas" class="mw-redirect" title="James Henry Thomas">James Henry Thomas</a></b> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Hartshorn" title="Vernon Hartshorn">Vernon Hartshorn</a></b> </td> <td>5 June 1930 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tom_Johnston_(Scottish_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Johnston (Scottish politician)">Thomas Johnston</a></b> </td> <td>24 March 1931 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Philip_Snowden" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Snowden">Philip Snowden</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>7 June 1929 – <br /> 5 November 1931 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Treasury" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury">Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tom_Kennedy_(Kirkcaldy_MP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Kennedy (Kirkcaldy MP)">Tom Kennedy</a> </td> <td>14 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Financial_Secretary_to_the_Treasury" title="Financial Secretary to the Treasury">Financial Secretary to the Treasury</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Pethick-Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Pethick-Lawrence">Frederick Pethick-Lawrence</a> </td> <td>11 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Lords_of_the_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="Lords of the Treasury">Lords of the Treasury</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edwards_(MP_for_Bedwellty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Edwards (MP for Bedwellty)">Charles Edwards</a> </td> <td>11 June 1929 – <br /> 13 March 1931 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Parkinson_(UK_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Parkinson (UK politician)">John Parkinson</a> </td> <td>11 June 1929 – <br /> 1 March 1931 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Barnes_(Labour_politician)" title="Alfred Barnes (Labour politician)">Alfred Barnes</a> </td> <td>11 June 1929 – <br /> 23 October 1930 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Whiteley_(politician)" title="William Whiteley (politician)">William Whiteley</a> </td> <td>27 June 1929 – <br /> 24 August 1931 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Paling" title="Wilfred Paling">Wilfred Paling</a> </td> <td>27 June 1929 – <br /> 24 August 1931 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Thurtle" title="Ernest Thurtle">Ernest Thurtle</a> </td> <td>23 October 1930 – <br /> 24 August 1931 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_Charleton" title="Henry Charleton">Henry Charleton</a> </td> <td>13 March 1931 – <br /> 23 August 1931 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></b> </td> <td>7 June 1929 – <br /> 24 August 1931 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs">Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Dalton" title="Hugh Dalton">Hugh Dalton</a> </td> <td>11 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Home_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for the Home Department">Secretary of State for the Home Department</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Clynes" class="mw-redirect" title="John Robert Clynes">John Robert Clynes</a></b> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Under-Secretary_of_State_for_the_Home_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department">Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Short" title="Alfred Short">Alfred Short</a> </td> <td>11 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/A._V._Alexander" class="mw-redirect" title="A. V. Alexander">A. V. Alexander</a></b> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_and_Financial_Secretary_to_the_Admiralty" title="Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty">Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ammon" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Ammon">Charles Ammon</a> </td> <td>11 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Civil_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="Civil Lord of the Admiralty">Civil Lord of the Admiralty</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Hall,_1st_Viscount_Hall" title="George Hall, 1st Viscount Hall">George Hall</a> </td> <td>11 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Agriculture_and_Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries">Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Noel_Buxton" title="Noel Buxton">Noel Buxton</a></b> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Addison">Christopher Addison</a></b> </td> <td>5 June 1930 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries">Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Addison">Christopher Addison</a> </td> <td>11 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Herbrand_Sackville,_9th_Earl_De_La_Warr" title="Herbrand Sackville, 9th Earl De La Warr">The Earl De La Warr</a> </td> <td>5 June 1930 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Air" title="Secretary of State for Air">Secretary of State for Air</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Thomson,_1st_Baron_Thomson" title="Christopher Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson">The Lord Thomson</a></b> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/William_Mackenzie,_1st_Baron_Amulree" title="William Mackenzie, 1st Baron Amulree">The Lord Amulree</a></b> </td> <td>14 October 1930 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Air" title="Under-Secretary of State for Air">Under-Secretary of State for Air</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Montague" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Montague">Frederick Montague</a> </td> <td>11 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Secretary of State for the Colonies</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Sidney_James_Webb,_1st_Baron_Passfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidney James Webb, 1st Baron Passfield">The Lord Passfield</a></b> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Under-Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies">Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Lunn_(politician)" title="William Lunn (politician)">William Lunn</a> </td> <td>11 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Drummond_Shiels" title="Drummond Shiels">Drummond Shiels</a> </td> <td>1 December 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Dominion_Affairs" title="Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs">Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Sidney_James_Webb,_1st_Baron_Passfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidney James Webb, 1st Baron Passfield">The Lord Passfield</a></b> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/James_Henry_Thomas" class="mw-redirect" title="James Henry Thomas">James Henry Thomas</a></b> </td> <td>5 June 1930 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Dominion_Affairs" title="Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs">Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Ponsonby">Arthur Ponsonby</a> </td> <td>11 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Lunn_(politician)" title="William Lunn (politician)">William Lunn</a> </td> <td>1 December 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Board of Education">President of the Board of Education</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Trevelyan,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Trevelyan, 3rd Baronet">Sir Charles Philips Trevelyan</a></b> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Lees-Smith" title="Hastings Lees-Smith">Hastings Lees-Smith</a></b> </td> <td>2 March 1931 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Board_of_Education" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Education">Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Education</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Jones_(Welsh_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgan Jones (Welsh politician)">Morgan Jones</a> </td> <td>11 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Health">Minister of Health</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Arthur Greenwood</a></b> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Ministry_of_Health" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Health">Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Health</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Susan_Lawrence" title="Susan Lawrence">Susan Lawrence</a> </td> <td>11 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_India" title="Secretary of State for India">Secretary of State for India</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/William_Wedgwood_Benn" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wedgwood Benn">William Wedgwood Benn</a></b> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Under-Secretary_of_State_for_India" title="Under-Secretary of State for India">Under-Secretary of State for India</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Drummond_Shiels" title="Drummond Shiels">Drummond Shiels</a> </td> <td>11 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_2nd_Earl_Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="John Russell, 2nd Earl Russell">The Earl Russell</a> </td> <td>1 December 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harry_Snell,_1st_Baron_Snell" title="Harry Snell, 1st Baron Snell">The Lord Snell</a> </td> <td>13 March 1931 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Employment" title="Secretary of State for Employment">Minister of Labour</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bondfield" title="Margaret Bondfield">Margaret Bondfield</a></b> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Ministry_of_Labour" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Labour">Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Labour</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lawson" title="Jack Lawson">Jack Lawson</a> </td> <td>11 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Sir_Oswald_Mosley" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Oswald Mosley">Sir Oswald Mosley</a> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a> </td> <td>23 May 1930 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede" title="Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede">The Lord Ponsonby of Shulbrede</a> </td> <td>13 March 1931 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Paymaster_General" title="Paymaster General">Paymaster General</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Arnold,_1st_Baron_Arnold" title="Sydney Arnold, 1st Baron Arnold">The Lord Arnold</a> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>vacant</i> </td> <td>6 March 1931 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Pensions_(Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Pensions (Britain)">Minister of Pensions</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Roberts_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Roberts (politician)">Frederick Roberts</a> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Ministry_of_Pensions" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Pensions">Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Pensions</a> </th> <td><i>vacant</i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Postmaster_General" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Lees-Smith" title="Hastings Lees-Smith">Hastings Lees-Smith</a> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a> </td> <td>2 March 1931 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Postmaster_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Postmaster General">Assistant Postmaster General</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Viant" title="Samuel Viant">Samuel Viant</a> </td> <td>7 July 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Scotland" title="Secretary of State for Scotland">Secretary of State for Scotland</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/William_Adamson" title="William Adamson">William Adamson</a></b> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Under-Secretary of State for Scotland">Under-Secretary of State for Scotland</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tom_Johnston_(Scottish_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Johnston (Scottish politician)">Thomas Johnston</a> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Westwood" title="Joseph Westwood">Joseph Westwood</a> </td> <td>25 March 1931 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Trade" title="President of the Board of Trade">President of the Board of Trade</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/William_Graham_(Edinburgh_MP)" title="William Graham (Edinburgh MP)">William Graham</a></b> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Board_of_Trade" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade">Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Walter_Robert_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Robert Smith">Walter Robert Smith</a> </td> <td>11 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_for_Overseas_Trade" title="Secretary for Overseas Trade">Secretary for Overseas Trade</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Gillett_(UK_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Gillett (UK politician)">George Gillett</a> </td> <td>7 July 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_for_Mines" title="Secretary for Mines">Secretary for Mines</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ben_Turner_(politician)" title="Ben Turner (politician)">Ben Turner</a> </td> <td>1 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Shinwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Emanuel Shinwell">Emanuel Shinwell</a> </td> <td>5 June 1930 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Transport" title="Secretary of State for Transport">Minister of Transport</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Herbert Morrison</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Ministry_of_Transport" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport">Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_2nd_Earl_Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="John Russell, 2nd Earl Russell">The Earl Russell</a> </td> <td>11 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Ponsonby">Arthur Ponsonby</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1 December 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Parkinson_(UK_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Parkinson (UK politician)">John Parkinson</a> </td> <td>1 March 1931 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_War" title="Secretary of State for War">Secretary of State for War</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tom_Shaw_(politician)" title="Tom Shaw (politician)">Thomas Shaw</a></b> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Under-Secretary_of_State_for_War" title="Under-Secretary of State for War">Under-Secretary of State for War</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Herbrand_Sackville,_9th_Earl_De_La_Warr" title="Herbrand Sackville, 9th Earl De La Warr">The Earl De La Warr</a> </td> <td>11 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Aman,_1st_Baron_Marley" title="Dudley Aman, 1st Baron Marley">The Lord Marley</a> </td> <td>5 June 1930 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Financial_Secretary_to_the_War_Office" title="Financial Secretary to the War Office">Financial Secretary to the War Office</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Shinwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Emanuel Shinwell">Emanuel Shinwell</a> </td> <td>11 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Stephen_Sanders" class="mw-redirect" title="William Stephen Sanders">William Sanders</a> </td> <td>5 June 1930 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/First_Commissioner_of_Works" title="First Commissioner of Works">First Commissioner of Works</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">George Lansbury</a></b> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_for_England_and_Wales" title="Attorney General for England and Wales">Attorney General</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Jowitt,_1st_Earl_Jowitt" title="William Jowitt, 1st Earl Jowitt">Sir William Jowitt</a> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_for_England_and_Wales" title="Solicitor General for England and Wales">Solicitor General</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Melville_(politician)" title="James Melville (politician)">Sir James Melville</a> </td> <td>7 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sir_Stafford_Cripps" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Stafford Cripps">Sir Stafford Cripps</a> </td> <td>22 October 1930 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Advocate" title="Lord Advocate">Lord Advocate</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Craigie_Aitchison,_Lord_Aitchison" title="Craigie Aitchison, Lord Aitchison">Craigie Aitchison</a> </td> <td>17 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_for_Scotland" title="Solicitor General for Scotland">Solicitor General for Scotland</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Watson" class="mw-redirect" title="John Charles Watson">John Charles Watson</a> </td> <td>17 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Vice-Chamberlain_of_the_Household" title="Vice-Chamberlain of the Household">Vice-Chamberlain of the Household</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Hayes_(Labour_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Henry Hayes (Labour politician)">John Henry Hayes</a> </td> <td>24 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Household" title="Treasurer of the Household">Treasurer of the Household</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ben_Smith_(British_Labour_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Smith (British Labour politician)">Ben Smith</a> </td> <td>24 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Comptroller_of_the_Household" title="Comptroller of the Household">Comptroller of the Household</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tom_Henderson_(Labour_politician)" title="Tom Henderson (Labour politician)">Thomas Henderson</a> </td> <td>24 June 1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lord_in_Waiting" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord in Waiting">Lords in Waiting</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Herbrand_Sackville,_9th_Earl_De_La_Warr" title="Herbrand Sackville, 9th Earl De La Warr">The Earl De La Warr</a> </td> <td>18 July 1929 – <br /> 24 August 1931 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Muir_Mackenzie,_1st_Baron_Muir_Mackenzie" title="Kenneth Muir Mackenzie, 1st Baron Muir Mackenzie">The Lord Muir Mackenzie</a> </td> <td>18 July 1929 – <br /> 22 May 1930 </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Retained post during Macdonald's <a href="/wiki/National_Government_1931-1935" class="mw-redirect" title="National Government 1931-1935">National Government</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Entered the Cabinet 19 March 1931.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Created Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede on 17 January 1930.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_MacDonald_ministry&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">J. R. Clynes</a> never acquired the title of <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a>. He did however serve as <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)">deputy leader of the Labour Party</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_MacDonald_ministry&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HodgeMellor-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HodgeMellor_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HodgeMellor_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHodgeMellor" class="citation book cs1">Hodge, B.; Mellor, W. L. <i>Higher School Certificate History</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Higher+School+Certificate+History&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Mellor%2C+W.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+MacDonald+ministry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HarmerLongman-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HarmerLongman_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HarmerLongman_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HarmerLongman_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarmer" class="citation book cs1">Harmer, Harry. <i>The Longman Companion to The Labour Party 1900–1998</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Longman+Companion+to+The+Labour+Party+1900%E2%80%931998&rft.aulast=Harmer&rft.aufirst=Harry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+MacDonald+ministry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceE-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceE_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceE_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceE_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceE_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceE_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceE_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceE_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceE_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Record of the Second Labour Government</i>. The Labour Party. October 1935.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Record+of+the+Second+Labour+Government&rft.pub=The+Labour+Party&rft.date=1935-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+MacDonald+ministry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tanner-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tanner_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tanner_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tanner_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTannerThaneTiratsoo" class="citation book cs1">Tanner, Duncan; <a href="/wiki/Pat_Thane" title="Pat Thane">Thane, Pat</a>; Tiratsoo, Nick. <i>Labour's First Century</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Labour%27s+First+Century&rft.aulast=Tanner&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft.au=Thane%2C+Pat&rft.au=Tiratsoo%2C+Nick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+MacDonald+ministry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/z7vycdm">"Changing Britain (1760–1900)"</a>. <i>www.bbc.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=Changing+Britain+%281760%E2%80%931900%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbitesize%2Ftopics%2Fz7vycdm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+MacDonald+ministry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/towncountry/towns/overview/councilhousing/">"Council housing"</a>. <i>UK Parliament</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Parliament&rft.atitle=Council+housing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fabout%2Fliving-heritage%2Ftransformingsociety%2Ftowncountry%2Ftowns%2Foverview%2Fcouncilhousing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+MacDonald+ministry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott" class="citation book cs1">Scott, Peter. <i>The Making of the Modern British Home: The Suburban Semi and Family Life between the Wars</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Modern+British+Home%3A+The+Suburban+Semi+and+Family+Life+between+the+Wars&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+MacDonald+ministry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDHCole-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GDHCole_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDHCole_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDHCole_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/G._D._H._Cole" title="G. 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The Labour Party. 1932 – via Florida Atlantic University Digital Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+the+Labour+Government+Has+Done&rft.pub=The+Labour+Party&rft.date=1932&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffau.digital.flvc.org%2Fislandora%2Fobject%2Ffau%3A4335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+MacDonald+ministry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceD-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceD_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceD_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fau.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/fau:4509"><i>Two Years of Labour Rule</i></a>. 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Carter, Matt. <i>The People's Party: the History of the Labour Party</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+People%27s+Party%3A+the+History+of+the+Labour+Party&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.au=Carter%2C+Matt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+MacDonald+ministry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopkins" class="citation book cs1">Hopkins, Eric. <i>A Social History of the English Working Classes 1815–1945</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Social+History+of+the+English+Working+Classes+1815%E2%80%931945&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+MacDonald+ministry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaizey" class="citation book cs1">Vaizey, John. <i>Social Democracy</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Democracy&rft.aulast=Vaizey&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+MacDonald+ministry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMowat" class="citation book cs1">Mowat, Charles Loch. <i>Britain between the wars: 1918–1940</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+between+the+wars%3A+1918%E2%80%931940&rft.aulast=Mowat&rft.aufirst=Charles+Loch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+MacDonald+ministry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorley" class="citation book cs1">Worley, Matthew. <i>Labour Inside the Gate: A History of the British Labour Party between the Wars</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Labour+Inside+the+Gate%3A+A+History+of+the+British+Labour+Party+between+the+Wars&rft.aulast=Worley&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+MacDonald+ministry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudge2018" class="citation book cs1">Judge, Tony (2018). <i>Margaret Bondfield: First Woman in the Cabinet</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Margaret+Bondfield%3A+First+Woman+in+the+Cabinet&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Judge&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+MacDonald+ministry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_MacDonald_ministry&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Butler, David. <i>Twentieth Century British Political Facts 1900–2000</i></li> <li>Carlton, David. <i>MacDonald versus Henderson: The Foreign Policy of the Second Labour Government</i> (2014).</li> <li>Heppell, Timothy, and Kevin Theakston, eds. <i>How Labour Governments Fall: From Ramsay Macdonald to Gordon Brown</i> (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).</li> <li>Howell, David <i>MacDonald's Party. Labour Identities and Crisis, 1922–1931</i>, Oxford: OUP 2002; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-820304-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-820304-7">0-19-820304-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquand,_David" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquand, David">Marquand, David</a> <i>Ramsay MacDonald</i>, (London: Jonathan Cape 1977); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-224-01295-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-224-01295-9">0-224-01295-9</a>; the standard scholarly biography; favourable</li> <li>Marquand, David. "MacDonald, (James) Ramsay (1866–1937)", <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,</i> Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2009 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/34704,">accessed 9 Sept 2012</a>; doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/34704</li> <li>Morgan, Austen: <i>J. Ramsay MacDonald</i>, 1987; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-2168-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7190-2168-5">0-7190-2168-5</a></li> <li>Morgan, Kevin. <i>Ramsay Macdonald</i> (2006)<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Ramsay-Macdonald-Times-Kevin-Morgan/dp/1904950612/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mowat,_C._L." class="mw-redirect" title="Mowat, C. L.">Mowat, C. L.</a> "Ramsay MacDonald and the Labour Party," in <i>Essays in Labour History 1886–1923,</i> edited by Asa Briggs, and john Saville, (1971)</li> <li>Mowat, Charles Loch. <i>Britain Between the Wars, 1918–1940</i> (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/library/705977/britain-between-the-wars-1918-1940">online</a></li> <li>Owen, Nicholas. "MacDonald's Parties: The Labour Party and the 'Aristocratic Embrace' 1922–31," <i>Twentieth Century British History</i> (2007) 18#1 pp 1–53.</li> <li>Riddell, Neil. <i>Labour in Crisis: The Second Labour Government, 1929–31</i> (1999).</li> <li>Rosen, Greg (ed.) <i>Dictionary of Labour Biography</i>, London: <a href="/wiki/Politicos_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Politicos Publishing">Politicos Publishing</a> 2001; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-902301-18-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-902301-18-1">978-1-902301-18-1</a></li> <li>Shepherd, John. <i>The Second Labour Government: A reappraisal</i> (2012).</li> <li>Skidelsky, Robert. <i>Politicians and the Slump: The Labour Government of 1929–1931</i> (1967).</li> <li>Taylor, A.J.P. <i>English History: 1914–1945</i> (1965)</li> <li>Williamson, Philip : <i>National Crisis and National Government. British Politics, the Economy and the Empire, 1926–1932</i>, Cambridge: CUP 1992; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-36137-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-36137-0">0-521-36137-0</a></li> <li>Wrigley, Chris. "James Ramsay MacDonald 1922–1931," in <i>Leading Labour: From Keir Hardie to Tony Blair,</i> edited by Kevin Jefferys, (1999)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_MacDonald_ministry&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Barker, Bernard (ed.) <i>Ramsay MacDonald's Political Writings</i>, Allen Lane, London 1972</li> <li>Cox, Jane <i>A Singular Marriage: A Labour Love Story in Letters and Diaries</i> (of Ramsay and Margaret MacDonald), London: Harrap 1988; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-245-54676-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-245-54676-1">978-0-245-54676-1</a></li> <li>MacDonald, Ramsay <i>The Socialist Movement</i> (1911) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=yk4uAAAAYAAJ">online</a></li> <li>MacDonald, Ramsay <i>Labour and Peace</i>, Labour Party 1912</li> <li>MacDonald, Ramsay <i>Parliament and Revolution</i>, Labour Party 1919</li> <li>MacDonald, Ramsay <i>Foreign Policy of the Labour Party,</i> Labour Party 1923</li> <li>MacDonald, Ramsay <i>Margaret Ethel MacDonald</i>, 1924</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Second_Baldwin_ministry" title="Second Baldwin ministry">Second Baldwin ministry</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_governments" title="List of British governments">Government of the United Kingdom</a> </b><br />1929–1931 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/National_Government_(1931)" title="National Government (1931)">First National Government</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:British ministries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_governments" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_governments" title="List of British governments">British governments</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a><br />(1707–1801)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godolphin%E2%80%93Marlborough_ministry" title="Godolphin–Marlborough ministry">Godolphin–Marlborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_ministry" title="Harley ministry">Harley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townshend_ministry" title="Townshend ministry">Townshend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Stanhope%E2%80%93Sunderland_ministry" title="First Stanhope–Sunderland ministry">Stanhope–Sunderland I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Stanhope%E2%80%93Sunderland_ministry" title="Second Stanhope–Sunderland ministry">Stanhope–Sunderland II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walpole%E2%80%93Townshend_ministry" title="Walpole–Townshend ministry">Walpole–Townshend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walpole_ministry" title="Walpole ministry">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carteret_ministry" title="Carteret ministry">Carteret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Bottom_ministry" title="Broad Bottom ministry">Broad Bottom I and II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-lived_ministry" title="Short-lived ministry">Short-lived</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Newcastle_ministry" title="First Newcastle ministry">Newcastle I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitt%E2%80%93Devonshire_ministry" title="Pitt–Devonshire ministry">Pitt–Devonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1757_caretaker_ministry" title="1757 caretaker ministry">1757 Caretaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitt%E2%80%93Newcastle_ministry" title="Pitt–Newcastle ministry">Pitt–Newcastle (Newcastle II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bute_ministry" title="Bute ministry">Bute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenville_ministry" title="Grenville ministry">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Rockingham_ministry" title="First Rockingham ministry">Rockingham I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_ministry" title="Chatham ministry">Chatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafton_ministry" title="Grafton ministry">Grafton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_ministry" title="North ministry">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Rockingham_ministry" title="Second Rockingham ministry">Rockingham II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelburne_ministry" title="Shelburne ministry">Shelburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox%E2%80%93North_coalition" title="Fox–North coalition">Fox–North (Portland I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Pitt_ministry" title="First Pitt ministry">Pitt I</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="HM Government of the United Kingdom's Royal Coat of Arms"><img alt="HM Government of the United Kingdom's Royal Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1366" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">UK (GB and Ire)</a><br />(1801–1922)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addington_ministry" title="Addington ministry">Addington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Pitt_ministry" title="Second Pitt ministry">Pitt II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_All_the_Talents" title="Ministry of All the Talents">All the Talents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Portland_ministry" title="Second Portland ministry">Portland II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perceval_ministry" title="Perceval ministry">Perceval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_ministry" title="Liverpool ministry">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canningite_government,_1827%E2%80%931828" title="Canningite government, 1827–1828">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canningite_government,_1827%E2%80%931828" title="Canningite government, 1827–1828">Goderich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington%E2%80%93Peel_ministry" title="Wellington–Peel ministry">Wellington–Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_government,_1830%E2%80%931834" title="Whig government, 1830–1834">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_government,_1830%E2%80%931834" title="Whig government, 1830–1834">Melbourne I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_caretaker_ministry" title="Wellington caretaker ministry">Wellington Caretaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Peel_ministry" title="First Peel ministry">Peel I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Melbourne_ministry" title="Second Melbourne ministry">Melbourne II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Peel_ministry" title="Second Peel ministry">Peel II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Russell_ministry" title="First Russell ministry">Russell I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who%3F_Who%3F_ministry" title="Who? Who? ministry">Who? Who? (Derby–Disraeli I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_ministry" title="Aberdeen ministry">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Palmerston_ministry" title="First Palmerston ministry">Palmerston I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Derby%E2%80%93Disraeli_ministry" title="Second Derby–Disraeli ministry">Derby–Disraeli II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_government,_1859%E2%80%931866" title="Liberal government, 1859–1866">Palmerston II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_government,_1859%E2%80%931866" title="Liberal government, 1859–1866">Russell II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Derby%E2%80%93Disraeli_ministry" title="Third Derby–Disraeli ministry">Derby–Disraeli III (Disraeli I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Gladstone_ministry" title="First Gladstone ministry">Gladstone I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Disraeli_ministry" title="Second Disraeli ministry">Disraeli II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Gladstone_ministry" title="Second Gladstone ministry">Gladstone II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Salisbury_ministry" title="First Salisbury ministry">Salisbury I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Gladstone_ministry" title="Third Gladstone ministry">Gladstone III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Salisbury_ministry" title="Second Salisbury ministry">Salisbury II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_government,_1892%E2%80%931895" title="Liberal government, 1892–1895">Gladstone IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_government,_1892%E2%80%931895" title="Liberal government, 1892–1895">Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionist_government,_1895%E2%80%931905" title="Unionist government, 1895–1905">Salisbury III and IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionist_government,_1895%E2%80%931905" title="Unionist government, 1895–1905">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_government,_1905%E2%80%931915" title="Liberal government, 1905–1915">Campbell-Bannerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_government,_1905%E2%80%931915" title="Liberal government, 1905–1915">Asquith I–III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asquith_coalition_ministry" title="Asquith coalition ministry">Asquith Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_George_ministry" title="Lloyd George ministry">Lloyd George I and II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK (GB and NI)</a><br />(1922–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_government,_1922%E2%80%931924" title="Conservative government, 1922–1924">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_government,_1922%E2%80%931924" title="Conservative government, 1922–1924">Baldwin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_MacDonald_ministry" title="First MacDonald ministry">MacDonald I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Baldwin_ministry" title="Second Baldwin ministry">Baldwin II</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MacDonald II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Government_(1931)" title="National Government (1931)">National Government I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Government_(1931%E2%80%931935)" title="National Government (1931–1935)">National Government II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Government_(1935%E2%80%931937)" title="National Government (1935–1937)">National Government III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Government_(1937%E2%80%931939)" title="National Government (1937–1939)">National Government IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamberlain_war_ministry" title="Chamberlain war ministry">Chamberlain War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_war_ministry" title="Churchill war ministry">Churchill War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_caretaker_ministry" title="Churchill caretaker ministry">Churchill Caretaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attlee_ministry" title="Attlee ministry">Attlee I and II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Churchill_ministry" title="Third Churchill ministry">Churchill III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_ministry" title="Eden ministry">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_government,_1957%E2%80%931964" title="Conservative government, 1957–1964">Macmillan I and II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_government,_1957%E2%80%931964" title="Conservative government, 1957–1964">Douglas-Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_government,_1964%E2%80%931970" title="Labour government, 1964–1970">Wilson I and II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heath_ministry" title="Heath ministry">Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_government,_1974%E2%80%931979" title="Labour government, 1974–1979">Wilson III and IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_government,_1974%E2%80%931979" title="Labour government, 1974–1979">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Thatcher_ministry" title="First Thatcher ministry">Thatcher I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Thatcher_ministry" title="Second Thatcher ministry">Thatcher II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Thatcher_ministry" title="Third Thatcher ministry">Thatcher III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Major_ministry" title="First Major ministry">Major I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Major_ministry" title="Second Major ministry">Major II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Blair_ministry" title="First Blair ministry">Blair I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Blair_ministry" title="Second Blair ministry">Blair II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Blair_ministry" title="Third Blair ministry">Blair III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_ministry" title="Brown ministry">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg_coalition" title="Cameron–Clegg coalition">Cameron–Clegg (Cameron I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Cameron_ministry" title="Second Cameron ministry">Cameron II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_May_ministry" title="First May ministry">May I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_May_ministry" title="Second May ministry">May II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Johnson_ministry" title="First Johnson ministry">Johnson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Johnson_ministry" title="Second Johnson ministry">Johnson II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truss_ministry" title="Truss ministry">Truss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunak_ministry" title="Sunak ministry">Sunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starmer_ministry" title="Starmer ministry">Starmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Starmer_ministry" title="Starmer ministry">Current ministry</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_MacDonald_ministry&oldid=1258578841">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_MacDonald_ministry&oldid=1258578841</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_ministries" title="Category:British ministries">British 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