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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama"><span>Laman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Tinjau" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinjau"><span>Tinjau</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hal_semasa" title="Cari maklumat latar belakang mengenai peristiwa semasa"><span>Hal semasa</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Muat laman rawak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rencana rawak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Perhubungan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Tentang-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Gerbang-komuniti" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gerbang_Komuniti"><span>Gerbang komuniti</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_terkini" title="Senarai perubahan terkini dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Menderma" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Menderma</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Tempat mencari jawapan"><span>Bantuan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kedai-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kedai_Kopi"><span>Kedai Kopi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ms.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Cari" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cari</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikipedia" aria-label="Cari Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Alat peribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Tukar penampilan saiz, lebar dan warna fon laman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Penampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Penampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Raja" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Raja" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Raja" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Raja" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Peristilahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peristilahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Peristilahan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peristilahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kelaziman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelaziman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kelaziman</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kelaziman-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Kelaziman</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kelaziman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Di_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Di_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Di India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Di_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Di_Nepal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Di_Nepal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Di Nepal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Di_Nepal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dalam_Nusantara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dalam_Nusantara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Dalam Nusantara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dalam_Nusantara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gelaran_majmuk_dan_terbitan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gelaran_majmuk_dan_terbitan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gelaran majmuk dan terbitan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gelaran_majmuk_dan_terbitan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kegunaan_lain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kegunaan_lain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kegunaan lain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kegunaan_lain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Raja</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 86 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%89%E1%88%A5" title="ንጉሥ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ንጉሥ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%B3" title="Аҳ – Abkhazia" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аҳ" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84" title="عاهل – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عاهل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarca" title="Monarca – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Monarca" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%A0%DC%9F%DC%90" title="ܡܠܟܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܠܟܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarca" title="Monarca – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Monarca" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarx" title="Monarx – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Monarx" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87" title="پادیشاه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پادیشاه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja" title="Raja – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Raja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%95" title="রাজশাসক – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাজশাসক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kun-ch%C3%BA" title="Kun-chú – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kun-chú" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85" title="Манарх – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Манарх" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85" title="Манарх – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Манарх" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarka" title="Monarka – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Monarka" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarh_(titula)" title="Monarh (titula) – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Monarh (titula)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85" title="Монарх – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Монарх" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ван – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ван" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarca" title="Monarca – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Monarca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%94%D0%BC%D0%BF%D3%B3" title="Ĕмпӳ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ĕмпӳ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panovn%C3%ADk" title="Panovník – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Panovník" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monark" title="Monark – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Monark" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herrschertitel" title="Herrschertitel – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Herrschertitel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarh" title="Monarh – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Monarh" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Μονάρχης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μονάρχης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Monarch" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarca" title="Monarca – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Monarca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarko" title="Monarko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Monarko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarka" title="Monarka – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Monarka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82" title="فرمانروای مطلق – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرمانروای مطلق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarque" title="Monarque – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monarque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AD" title="Rí – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarca" title="Monarca – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Monarca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="군주 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="군주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali%CA%BBi" title="Aliʻi – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Aliʻi" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Միապետ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միապետ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95" title="शासक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शासक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarh" title="Monarh – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Monarh" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarko" title="Monarko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Monarko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarca" title="Monarca – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Monarca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%9A" title="מונרך – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מונרך" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85" title="Монарх – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Монарх" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85" title="Монарх – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Монарх" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarhs" title="Monarhs – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Monarhs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchas" title="Monarchas – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Monarchas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubaale_wa_wansi" title="Lubaale wa wansi – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Lubaale wa wansi" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarca" title="Monarca – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Monarca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85" title="Монарх – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Монарх" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84" title="عاهل – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عاهل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%ADng-ci%C5%8D_(ngu%C3%B2ng-si%C5%AB)" title="Gŭng-ciō (nguòng-siū) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gŭng-ciō (nguòng-siū)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဘုရင် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘုရင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch_(staatshoofd)" title="Monarch (staatshoofd) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Monarch (staatshoofd)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81" title="जुजु – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जुजु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="君主 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="君主" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monark" title="Monark – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Monark" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarca" title="Monarca – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Monarca" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarx" title="Monarx – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Monarx" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE" title="ਰਾਜਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਜਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C_%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="شاہی حکمران – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شاہی حکمران" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%86%D8%A7" title="پاچا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پاچا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarcha" title="Monarcha – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Monarcha" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarca" title="Monarca – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Monarca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarh" title="Monarh – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Monarh" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85" title="Монарх – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Монарх" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Monarch" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Monarch" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panovn%C3%ADk" title="Panovník – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Panovník" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarh" title="Monarh – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Monarh" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85" title="Монарх – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Монарх" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarh" title="Monarh – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Monarh" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarkki" title="Monarkki – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Monarkki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monark" title="Monark – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Monark" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="அரசன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அரசன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF_(%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D)" title="చక్రవర్తి (మోనార్క్) – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చక్రవర్తి (మోనార్క్)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="เจ้าแผ่นดิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เจ้าแผ่นดิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vua" title="Vua – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vua" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCk%C3%BCmdar" title="Hükümdar – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hükümdar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85" title="Монарх – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Монарх" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7" title="فرماں روا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرماں روا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarca" title="Monarca – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Monarca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%9B" title="君 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="君" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="君主 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="君主" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosi" title="Hosi – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Hosi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9A" title="מאנארך – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאנארך" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="君主 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="君主" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="君主 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="君主" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajo" title="Rajo – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Rajo" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q116#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Raja" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Raja"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Raja"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Raja" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Raja" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&oldid=6377202" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Raja&id=6377202&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRaja"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRaja"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Raja"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Raja&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Monarchs" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q116" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5614044">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Jangan dikelirukan dengan <a href="/wiki/Radja" title="Radja">Radja</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6349617">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:20.0em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Sebahagian siri <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Politik" title="Kategori:Politik">Politik</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Badan_eksekutif" title="Badan eksekutif">Eksekutif</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> <a href="/wiki/Ketua_negara" title="Ketua negara">Ketua negara</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemimpin_agung" title="Pemimpin agung">Pemimpin agung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presiden" title="Presiden">Presiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presiden_Majlis_Mesyuarat_Negeri" title="Presiden Majlis Mesyuarat Negeri">Presiden Majlis Mesyuarat Negeri</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> <a href="/wiki/Pemerintahan" title="Pemerintahan">Pemerintahan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ketua_pemerintahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketua pemerintahan">Ketua pemerintahan</a></b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5857753">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanselor" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanselor">Kanselor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ketua_eksekutif" title="Ketua eksekutif">Ketua eksekutif</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ketua_Menteri" title="Ketua Menteri">Ketua Menteri</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menteri_Utama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menteri Utama (laman tidak wujud)">Menteri Utama</a></li><li><br /><a href="/wiki/Premier" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier">Premier</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Perdana_Menteri" title="Perdana Menteri">Perdana Menteri</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presiden_Majlis_Menteri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presiden Majlis Menteri (laman tidak wujud)">Presiden Majlis Menteri</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presiden_pemerintahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presiden pemerintahan (laman tidak wujud)">Presiden pemerintahan</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabinet">Kabinet</a></b><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembentukan_pemerintahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembentukan pemerintahan (laman tidak wujud)">Pembentukan pemerintahan</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanggungjawab_bersama_menteri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanggungjawab bersama menteri (laman tidak wujud)">Tanggungjawab bersama menteri</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kementerian" title="Kementerian">Kementerian</a></b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5857753"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menteri" title="Menteri">Menteri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Setiausaha_Negara" title="Setiausaha Negara">Setiausaha Negara</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><b>Lain-lain</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5857753"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabenor" title="Gabenor">Gabenor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Datuk_bandar" title="Datuk bandar">Datuk bandar</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> Sistem</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pemerintahan_beraja" title="Pemerintahan beraja">Beraja</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Raja_berperlembagaan" title="Raja berperlembagaan">Berperlembagaan</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">Republik</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Republik_berparlimen" title="Republik berparlimen">Berparlimen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republik_berperlembagaan" title="Republik berperlembagaan">Berperlembagaan</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_berpengarah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem berpengarah (laman tidak wujud)">Berpengarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_berparlimen" title="Sistem berparlimen">Berparlimen</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Sistem_Westminster" title="Sistem Westminster">Westminster</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_separa_berparlimen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem separa berparlimen (laman tidak wujud)">Separa berparlimen</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Aut_simul_stabunt_aut_simul_cadent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aut simul stabunt aut simul cadent (laman tidak wujud)"><i>simul simul</i></a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_berpresiden" title="Sistem berpresiden">Berpresiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_separa-presiden" title="Sistem separa-presiden">Separa presiden</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekedudukan_(kerajaan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekedudukan (kerajaan) (laman tidak wujud)">Bersekedudukan</a>)</span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> Senarai</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_sistem_kerajaan" title="Senarai negara mengikut sistem kerajaan">Pemerintahan negara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senarai_ketua_negara_dan_kerajaan_sekarang" title="Senarai ketua negara dan kerajaan sekarang">Ketua negara dan pemerintahan</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#eee;"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politik" title="Portal:Politik">Portal Politik</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Eksekutif" title="Templat:Eksekutif"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Eksekutif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Eksekutif (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Eksekutif&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>Raja</b> ialah seseorang penguasa yang memerintah sesebuah <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerajaan">kerajaan</a>. Gelaran ini mempunyai sejarah yang lama dalam <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_India" title="Sejarah India">subbenua India</a> sejak permulaan ia dalam kalangan <a href="/wiki/Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriya</a> sampailah sejauh <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Asia_Tenggara" title="Sejarah Asia Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</a>, seperti yang dibuktikan oleh Rigveda.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gelaran ini diberikan kepada <a href="/wiki/Lelaki" title="Lelaki">lelaki</a>, padanan kedudukan ini dalam kalangan perempuan bergantung kepada peranan empunya gelaran - seseorang yang memerintah kerajaan secara langsung bergelar "<a href="/wiki/Ratu" title="Ratu">ratu</a>", jika pasangan raja hanya bertindak sebagai pendamping maka diberi gelaran "<a href="/wiki/Permaisuri" class="mw-disambig" title="Permaisuri">permaisuri</a>"; gelaran "<a href="/wiki/Rani" title="Rani">rani</a>" (serapan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sanskrit" title="Bahasa Sanskrit">bahasa Sanskrit</a> <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration" class="IAST Unicode" style="font-face: Arial Unicode MS, GNU Unifont, Lucida Sans Unicode; white-space: wrap; text-decoration: none">rājñī</span></i>) turut ada untuk dua-dua kedudukan ini. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peristilahan">Peristilahan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Peristilahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Peristilahan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Istilah <i>raja</i> berasal daripada perkataan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sanskrit" title="Bahasa Sanskrit">bahasa Sanskrit</a> राज <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration" class="IAST Unicode" style="font-face: Arial Unicode MS, GNU Unifont, Lucida Sans Unicode; white-space: wrap; text-decoration: none">rāja</span></i> "penguasa, pemimpin atau yang terbaik dari golongannya".<sup id="cite_ref-KosakataSanskerta_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KosakataSanskerta-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia adalah <a href="/wiki/Kata_seasal" title="Kata seasal">kata seasal</a> dengan perkataan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">Latin</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Raja_Rom" title="Raja Rom">rēx</a></i>, Gaul <i>rīx</i>, dan sebagainya (pada asalnya bererti "ketua puak" atau ketua 'negara kota' yang kecil). Pada dasarnya, perkataan ini ialah terbitan vrddhi daripada kata dasar Indo-Eropah proto <i><span title="Proto-Indo-European language" class="PIE Unicode" style="white-space: nowrap"></span></i>*h₃reǵ-<i> yang bermaksud "mengemaskan, menitahkan, atau memerintah".</i> </p><p>Kelainan-kelainan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Hindi" title="Bahasa Hindi">bahasa Hindi</a> yang digunakan untuk pangkat diraja yang sama di (sesetengah bahagian) <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> termasuk <b>Rana, Rao, Raol, Rawal</b>, dan <b>Rawat</b>. </p><p>Gelaran Raja, Thakore (gelaran yang berpangkat lebih rendah), serta banyak kelainan, kata majmuk, dan terbitan yang menggunakan salah satu daripada dua perkataan itu, telah digunakan di <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> dan di sekitarnya, kebanyakan oleh pemerintah <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> dan sesetengah pemerintah <a href="/wiki/Buddhisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhisme">Buddhisme</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikhisme</a>, sedangkan pemerintah <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a> menggunakan Nawab atau <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> (masih digunakan di India). Bagaimanapun di <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, gelaran <i>Raja</i> masih digunakan oleh puak-<a href="/wiki/Puak" title="Puak">puak</a> Chibh, Janjua, Ranial, Dhamial, Chauhan dan Rathore sebagai gelaran keturunan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kelaziman">Kelaziman</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Kelaziman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kelaziman"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Di_India">Di India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Di India" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Di India"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oleh sebab hierarki teori untuk gelaran-gelaran diraja tidak membayangkan kepentingan yang benar untuk <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_kecil_India" title="Kerajaan kecil India">negeri-negeri beraja</a> (termasuk juga ketika menganugerahkan gelaran kepada raja-raja berdasarkan merit peribadi), pihak <a href="/wiki/British" class="mw-disambig" title="British">British</a> memperkenalkan pemangkatan alternatif berdasarkan tembakan hormat untuk melebihi seratus negeri India (dan sesetengah negeri yang lain) yang terutama, tanpa mengira sebarang gelaran diraja asli (yang mereka terus menganugerahkan), tetapi mengaitkan gaya Barat, "His Highness", kepada kelas tembakan hormat yang berpangkat lebih tinggi. </p><p>Disebabkan pertukaran gelaran yang pesat melalui kenaikan pangkat, hanya terdapat sebilangan kecil pemerintah-pemerintah yang masih digelarkan raja dalam golong elit yang dianugerahkan dengan tembakan hormat ketika masa <a href="/wiki/Kemerdekaan" title="Kemerdekaan">kemerdekaan</a> India, dan hanya dalam kelas-kelas yang lebih bawah (21 das adalah yang terdiri, dan nombor genap tidak digunakan): </p><p>Tembakan hormat keturunan 11-das: </p> <ul><li>H.H. Raja Ali Rajpur</li> <li>H.H. Raja Chamba</li> <li>H.H. Raja <a href="/wiki/Faridkot" title="Faridkot">Faridkot</a></li> <li>H.H. Raja <a href="/wiki/Jhabua" title="Jhabua">Jhabua</a></li> <li>H.H. Raja Bilaspur</li> <li>H.H. Raja <a href="/wiki/Mandi" title="Mandi">Mandi</a></li> <li>H.H. Raja <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li>H.H. Raja <a href="/wiki/Pudukkottai" title="Pudukkottai">Pudukkottai</a></li> <li>H.H. Raja Rajgarh</li> <li>H.H. Raja <a href="/wiki/Sailana" title="Sailana">Sailana</a></li> <li>H.H. Raja <a href="/wiki/Samthar" title="Samthar">Samthar</a></li> <li>H.H. Raja <a href="/wiki/Sitamau" title="Sitamau">Sitamau</a></li> <li>H.H. Raja <a href="/wiki/Suket" title="Suket">Suket</a></li></ul> <p>Tembakan hormat keturunan 9-das: (peribadi: 11-das): </p> <ul><li>H.H. Raja <a href="/wiki/Dharampur" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharampur">Dharampur</a></li> <li>H.H. Raja Sangli</li></ul> <p>Tembakan hormat keturunan 9-das: </p> <ul><li>Raja Baraundha</li> <li>Raja <a href="/wiki/Bhor" title="Bhor">Bhor</a></li> <li>Raja Chhota</li> <li>Raja <a href="/wiki/Khilchipur" title="Khilchipur">Khilchipur</a></li> <li>Raja <a href="/wiki/Maihar" title="Maihar">Maihar</a></li> <li>Raja <a href="/wiki/Mudhol" title="Mudhol">Mudhol</a></li> <li>Raja <a href="/wiki/Nagod" title="Nagod">Nagod</a></li> <li>Raja Sant</li> <li>Raja Shahpura</li></ul> <p>Tembakan hormat peribadi 9-das: hanya Raja Bashahr </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Di_Nepal">Di Nepal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Di Nepal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Di Nepal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Raja Kaski</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dalam_Nusantara">Dalam Nusantara</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Dalam Nusantara" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Dalam Nusantara"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Raja <a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a> (sebuah negeri dalam Persekutuan <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>) merupakan raja tunggal yang menggunakan gelaran "Raja" di negara ini. Raja negeri-negeri lain menggunakan gelaran "<a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a>". </p><p>Raja-raja yang lain di dunia Melayu termasuk: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Brooke" title="James Brooke">James Brooke</a>, bekas <a href="/wiki/Raja_Putih" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Putih">Raja Putih</a>, dan wangsanya di <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>;</li> <li>berbagai-bagai negeri beraja yang tradisional di <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> masih menggelarkan pemerintah mereka sebagai "raja", atau sehingga pembubarannya, umpamanya Buleleng di <a href="/wiki/Bali" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bali">Bali</a>.</li> <li>raja-raja dari berbagai-bagai negeri di <a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a> seperti dari <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a> (Lusung), <a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a> (Sugbu), <a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a> (Suluk), <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao" title="Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a> (Megindanau), <a href="/wiki/Butuan" title="Butuan">Butuan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Caraga" title="Caraga">Caraga</a> (Butuan dan Kalagan), dll.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gelaran_majmuk_dan_terbitan">Gelaran majmuk dan terbitan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Gelaran majmuk dan terbitan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Gelaran majmuk dan terbitan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terdapat banyak gelaran majmuk dan terbitan yang digunakan oleh para pemerintah, keluarga diraja, dan/atau pembantu istana yang mengandungi perkataan "Raja": </p> <ul><li><b>Rao Raja</b>, satu dampingan yang terdiri daripada dua gelaran yang setaraf, telah digunakan oleh pemerintah-pemerintah <a href="/wiki/Bundi" title="Bundi">Bundi</a> sehingga mereka dianugerahkan dengan gelaran Maharao Raja yang lebih tinggi tarafnya.</li> <li><b>Raja Bahadur</b> ialah <a href="/wiki/Kata_majmuk" title="Kata majmuk">kata majmuk</a> <a href="/wiki/Mughal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal">Mughal</a> yang tipikal. <a href="/wiki/Kata_sifat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kata sifat">Kata sifat</a> <i>Bahadur</i> yang bermaksud "gagah berani" menaikkan pangkat seseorang dalam <a href="/wiki/Protokol" class="mw-redirect" title="Protokol">protokol</a> <a href="/wiki/Istana" title="Istana">istana</a>; dalam hierarki yang tertentu di kalangan pembantu <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> dalam istana Nizam <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>, gelaran ini adalah padanan untuk pangkat Nawab yang dianugerahkan kepada pembantu-pembantu yang beragama <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a> dan padanan kelainan-kelainan kata majmuk dengan awalan <i>Maha-</i> (umpamanya Maharana, dan Maharawal) yang bermaksud 'Raja Agung'; perkataan ini pada asalnya menandakan seorang Raja yang telah menewaskan raja-raja yang lain dan oleh itu, menjadi raja <i>agung</i>. Bagaimanapun, gelaran ini tidak lama kemudian diterimaguna atau dianugerahkan oleh pemerintah agung India (Mughal dan <a href="/wiki/British" class="mw-disambig" title="British">British</a>) secara besar-besaran sebagai suatu gelaran yang tidak bererti, dan mengakibatkan gelaran ini tidak mempunyai nilai yang berprestij.</li> <li>Rajadhiraja bermaksud 'Raja antara Raja-raja': Melalui penurunan nilai gelaran yang serupa dengan gelaran 'Maharaja', gelaran ini tidak sebegitu berprestij berbanding dengan padanan-padanannya di kebanyakan keluarga linguistik.</li> <li>Raja Perumal dianggap sebagai gelaran yang paling berkuasa, menurut <a href="/wiki/Kesusasteraan" title="Kesusasteraan">kesusasteraan</a> <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tamil" title="Bahasa Tamil">Tamil</a>.</li> <li>Di <a href="/wiki/India_Selatan" title="India Selatan">India Selatan</a>, gelaran Samraj ('maharaja' Hindu) Vijayanagar ialah <b>Raya</b> dan bukan (Maha)Raja.</li> <li>Sesetengah pemerintah <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tenggara" title="Asia Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</a> menggunakan kelainan-kelainan seperti gelaran kesalihan yang termasuk Buddharaja dan <a href="/wiki/Devaraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Devaraja">Devaraja</a> atau Lingaraja (yang terakhir ini di kawasan yang tertentu).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uparaja" title="Uparaja">Uparaja</a> (diimbuhkan kata <a href="/wiki/Sanskerta" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskerta">Sangsakerta</a> उप <i>upa</i>-): Dengan kelainan dan terbitan tersendiri, gelaran ini boleh bermaksud <a href="/wiki/Wizurai" title="Wizurai">wizurai</a> atau pangkat-pangkat wangsa yang tinggi.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kegunaan_lain">Kegunaan lain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Kegunaan lain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kegunaan lain"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seperti dengan banyak gelaran yang lain, "Raja" sering digunakan dalam nama peribadi (seperti "Rex" dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a> dan "King" dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris">bahasa Inggeris</a>), tanpa sebarang maksud <a href="/wiki/Bangsawan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsawan">bangsawan</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Politik" title="Politik">politik</a>; umpamanya , Raja Vaidyanathan. Selain itu, mendiang <a href="/wiki/Sinnathamby_Rajaratnam" title="Sinnathamby Rajaratnam">Sinnathamby Rajaratnam</a>, bekas <a href="/wiki/Ahli_politik" title="Ahli politik">ahli politik</a> <a href="/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a>, biasanya dikenali sebagai "Raja". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_British" title="Raj British">Raj British</a> (era penjajahan India British)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Putih" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Putih">Raja Putih</a> <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarki" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarki">Monarki</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rigveda menterjemahkan perkataan "raja" dengan lebih tepat sebagai "ketua puak"; untuk contoh, sila lihat, dāśarājñá "Perang Sepuluh Raja"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KosakataSanskerta-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KosakataSanskerta_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFMonier-Williams1981" class="citation book cs1">Monier-Williams, Monier (1981). <i>A Sanskrit-English Dictionary</i>. Delhi, Varanasi, Patna: Motilal Banarsidass. m/s. 872.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Sanskrit-English+Dictionary&rft.place=Delhi%2C+Varanasi%2C+Patna&rft.pages=872&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Monier-Williams&rft.aufirst=Monier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARaja" class="Z3988"></span> - melalui <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFEdi_Sedyawati_dkk.1994" class="citation book cs1">Edi Sedyawati dkk. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/3088/1/KOSAKATA%2520BAHASA%2520SANSEKERTA%2520DALAM%2520BAHASA%2520MELAYU%2520MASA%2520KINI.pdf"><i>Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. m/s. 153–154. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/979-459-416-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/979-459-416-4"><bdi>979-459-416-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kosakata+Bahasa+Sanskerta+dalam+Bahasa+Melayu+Masa+Kini&rft.place=Jakarta%2C+Indonesia&rft.pages=153-154&rft.pub=Pusat+Pembinaan+dan+Pengembangan+Bahasa+Departemen+Pendidikan+dan+Kebudayaan+Republik+Indonesia&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=979-459-416-4&rft.au=Edi+Sedyawati+dkk.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepositori.kemdikbud.go.id%2F3088%2F1%2FKOSAKATA%252520BAHASA%252520SANSEKERTA%252520DALAM%252520BAHASA%252520MELAYU%252520MASA%252520KINI.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARaja" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pautan_reput" title="Wikipedia:Pautan reput"><span title=" Pautan mati ditandakan pada Ogos 2021">pautan mati kekal</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031005180258/http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/">Indian Princely States, the most comprehensive, specialised site on (princely) (e)states in British India</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.4dw.net/royalark/India/India.htm">RoyalArk (more elaborate, on a smaller number of dynasties)- here India</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html">WorldStatesmen- Indian princely states, here K-Z</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raja&oldid=6377202">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raja&oldid=6377202</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori-kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_rencana_dengan_pautan_luar_mati" title="Kategori:Semua rencana dengan pautan luar mati">Semua rencana dengan pautan luar mati</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pautan_luar_mati_dari_Ogos_2021" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pautan luar mati dari Ogos 2021">Rencana dengan pautan luar mati dari Ogos 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pautan_luar_mati_kekal" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pautan luar mati kekal">Rencana dengan pautan luar mati kekal</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 12:42, 19 November 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. 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