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Kurnikasari</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Erna Kurnikasari"> <meta name="keywords" content="Erna Kurnikasari"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Erna Kurnikasari"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 10</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Erna Kurnikasari</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Factors Associated to Down Syndrome Causes in Patients of Cytogenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran in 2014─2015</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bremmy%20Laksono">Bremmy Laksono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Qomarilla"> Nurul Qomarilla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riksa%20Parikrama"> Riksa Parikrama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dyan%20K.%20Nugrahaeni"> Dyan K. Nugrahaeni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Willyanti%20Soewondo"> Willyanti Soewondo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dadang%20S.%20H.%20Effendi"> Dadang S. H. Effendi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eriska%20Rianti"> Eriska Rianti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arlette%20S.%20Setiawan"> Arlette S. Setiawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ine%20Sasmita"> Ine Sasmita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Risti%20S.%20Primanti"> Risti S. Primanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erna%20Kurnikasari"> Erna Kurnikasari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunia%20Sribudiani"> Yunia Sribudiani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Down syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality of chromosome 21 which can appear in man or woman. Maternal age and paternal age, history of radiation are the common risk factors. This study was conducted to observe risk factors which related as causes of Down syndrome. In this case control study using purposive sampling technique, 84 respondents were chosen from Cell Culture and Cytogenetics Laboratory patients in Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. They were used as study samples and divided into 42 Down syndrome cases and 42 control respondents. This study used univariate and bivariate analysis (chi-square). Samples population were West Java residents, the biggest province in Indonesia in number of population. The results showed maternal age, paternal age, history of radiation exposure and family history were not significantly related to Down syndrome baby. Moreover, all of those factors also did not contribute to the risk of having a child with Down syndrome in patients at Cell Culture and Cytogenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran. Therefore, we should investigate other risk factors of Down syndrome in West Java population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=down%20syndrome" title="down syndrome">down syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20history" title=" family history"> family history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20age" title=" maternal age"> maternal age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paternal%20age" title=" paternal age"> paternal age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factor" title=" risk factor"> risk factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58441/factors-associated-to-down-syndrome-causes-in-patients-of-cytogenetics-laboratory-faculty-of-medicine-universitas-padjadjaran-in-20142015" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58441.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Prevalence of Down Syndrome: A Single-Center Study in Bandung, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bremmy%20Laksono">Bremmy Laksono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riksa%20Parikrama"> Riksa Parikrama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20A.%20Rosyada"> Nur A. Rosyada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Willyanti%20Soewondo"> Willyanti Soewondo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dadang%20S.%20H.%20Effendi"> Dadang S. H. Effendi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eriska%20Rianti"> Eriska Rianti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arlette%20S.%20Setiawan"> Arlette S. Setiawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ine%20Sasmita"> Ine Sasmita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Risti%20S.%20Primanti"> Risti S. Primanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erna%20Kurnikasari"> Erna Kurnikasari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunia%20Sribudiani"> Yunia Sribudiani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Down syndrome (DS) is a chromosomal abnormality characterised by complete 21 chromosome trisomy (classical or non-disjunction), or partial 21 chromosome trisomy (mosaicism), or chromosome rearrangement involving chromosome 21 (translocation). This study was carried out to describe the frequency of DS patients in a research institution in the city of Bandung, Indonesia. This descriptive study also provides a picture of the residential location and surrounding area of their dwellings. This study involved people with DS in various age whose chromosome were evaluated by conventional karyotyping method and FISH. Data were collected from 60 patients with DS from a total 150 patients during the period of September 2015 to August 2016 who were referred to Cell Culture and Cytogenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. Results showed that the most common type of DS was non-disjunction (93%), followed by mosaicism (5%), no patient with translocation DS (0%), and a very rare type of tetrasomy 21 (2%). There were 39 males (65%) and 21 females (35%) of DS patient. Most of them live in suburban area beyond Bandung city (55%) while the rest live inside urban area of Bandung city (45%). They live mostly in dense area of greater Bandung area (65%) and only a few live in mid-density area (25%) and the least live in sparse populated area (10%). Their houses are mostly located in residential estate area (55%), nearby industrial area (37%), and around agricultural area (8%). Based on the study, it could be concluded that non-disjunction DS is the most common type. DS patients referred to the laboratory mostly came from dense residential zone in suburban area outside Bandung city. The low number of DS patients referred to the laboratory for chromosome analysis was the highlight to improve health service for people with genetic disorder. This study offered several information regarding area of DS patients’ residence and the condition of neighbourhood in Bandung city where they live as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromosome" title="chromosome">chromosome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=descriptive" title=" descriptive"> descriptive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Down%20syndrome" title=" Down syndrome"> Down syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58434/prevalence-of-down-syndrome-a-single-center-study-in-bandung-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> A Thermodynamic Study of Parameters that Affect the Nitration of Glycerol with Nitric Acid </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erna%20Astuti">Erna Astuti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supranto"> Supranto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rochmadi"> Rochmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agus%20Prasetya"> Agus Prasetya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biodiesel production from vegetable oil will produce glycerol as by-product about 10% of the biodiesel production. The amount of glycerol that was produced needed alternative way to handling immediately so as to not become the waste that polluted environment. One of the solutions was to process glycerol to polyglycidyl nitrate (PGN). PGN is synthesized from glycerol by three-step reactions i.e. nitration of glycerol, cyclization of 13- dinitroglycerine and polymerization of glycosyl nitrate. Optimum condition of nitration of glycerol with nitric acid has not been known. Thermodynamic feasibility should be done before run experiments in the laboratory. The aim of this study was to determine the parameters those affect nitration of glycerol and nitric acid and chose the operation condition. Many parameters were simulated to verify its possibility to experiment under conditions which would get the highest conversion of 1, 3-dinitroglycerine and which was the ideal condition to get it. The parameters that need to be studied to obtain the highest conversion of 1, 3-dinitroglycerine were mol ratio of nitric acid/glycerol, reaction temperature, mol ratio of glycerol/dichloromethane and pressure. The highest conversion was obtained in the range of mol ratio of nitric acid /glycerol between 2/1 – 5/1, reaction temperature of 5-25o C and pressure of 1 atm. The parameters that need to be studied further to obtain the highest conversion of 1.3 DNG are mol ratio of nitric acid/glycerol and reaction temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nitration" title="Nitration">Nitration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycerol" title=" glycerol"> glycerol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermodynamic" title=" thermodynamic"> thermodynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20condition" title=" optimum condition"> optimum condition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31011/a-thermodynamic-study-of-parameters-that-affect-the-nitration-of-glycerol-with-nitric-acid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Reverse Twin Block with Expansion Screw for Treatment of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion in Growing Patient: Case Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfrina%20Marwan">Alfrina Marwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erna%20Sulistyawati"> Erna Sulistyawati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Class III malocclusion shows both skeletal and dentoalveolar component. Sketal Class III malocclusion can have variants in different region, maxilla or mandibular. Skeletal Class III malocclusion during growth period is considered to treat to prevent its severity in adulthood. Orthopedics treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion in growing patient can be treated by using reverse twin block with expansion screw to modify the growth pattern. The objective of this case report was to describe the functional correction of skeletal Class III maloclussion using reverse twin block with expansion screw in growing patient. A patient with concave profile came with a chief complaint of aesthetic problems. The cephalometric analysis showed that patient had skeletal Class III malocclusion (ANB -5<sup>0</sup>, SNA 75º, Wits appraisal -3 mm) with anterior cross bite and deep bite (overjet -3 mm, overbite 6 mm). In this case report, the patient was treated with reverse twin block appliance with expansion screw. After three months of treatment, the skeletal problems have been corrected (ANB -1°), overjet, overbite and aesthetic were improved. Reverse twin block appliance with expansion screw can be used as orthopedics treatment for skeletal Class III malocclusion in growing patient and can improve the aesthetic with great satisfaction which was the main complaint in this patient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maxilla%20retrognatism" title="maxilla retrognatism">maxilla retrognatism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20twin%20block" title=" reverse twin block"> reverse twin block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skeletal%20class%20III%20malocclusion" title=" skeletal class III malocclusion"> skeletal class III malocclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growing%20patient" title=" growing patient"> growing patient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80592/reverse-twin-block-with-expansion-screw-for-treatment-of-skeletal-class-iii-malocclusion-in-growing-patient-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Comparison of Leeway Space Predictions Using Moyers and Tanaka-Johnston Upper Jaw and Lower Jaw on Batak Tribe Between Male and Female in Elementary School Students in Medan City, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilda%20Fitria%20Lubis">Hilda Fitria Lubis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erna%20Sulistyawati"> Erna Sulistyawati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: The study aims to compare Leeway space averages between Moyers and Tanaka-Johnston's analysis of elementary school students from the Batak tribe in Medan City. Material and Methods: The study involved 106 students from the Batak tribe elementary school in Medan, comprising 53 male and 53 female students. The samples obtained were then printed on both jaws to obtain a working model, and the mesiodistal width of the four permanent biting teeth of the lower jaw and the amount of space available on the canine-premolar region, as well as the predicted mesiodistal number of the canine-premolar on the Moyers probability table with a 75% degree of confidence and the Tanaka-Johnston formula. Results: Using Moyers analysis, students at Batak Elementary School in Medan City have an average Leeway space value of 2 mm on the upper jaw and 2.78 mm on the lower jaw. The average Leeway spatial value using Tanaka-Johnston analysis in the Batak tribe in elementary school in Medan City is 1.33 mm on the top jaw and 2.39 mm on the bottom jaw. Conclusion: According to Moyers and Tanaka-Johnsnton's analysis of both the upper and lower jaws in elementary school students of the Batak tribe in Medan City, there is a significant difference between Leeway's average space. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leeways%20space" title="leeways space">leeways space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batak%20tribe" title=" batak tribe"> batak tribe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genders" title=" genders"> genders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190017/comparison-of-leeway-space-predictions-using-moyers-and-tanaka-johnston-upper-jaw-and-lower-jaw-on-batak-tribe-between-male-and-female-in-elementary-school-students-in-medan-city-sumatera-utara-indonesia-a-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190017.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">33</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Development and Validation of HPLC Method on Determination of Acesulfame-K in Jelly Drink Product</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Candra%20Irawan">Candra Irawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Yudianto"> David Yudianto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahsanu%20Nadiyya"> Ahsanu Nadiyya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dewi%20Anna%20Br%20Sitepu"> Dewi Anna Br Sitepu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanafi"> Hanafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erna%20Styani"> Erna Styani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Jelly drink was produced from a combination of both natural and synthetic materials, such as acesulfame potassium (acesulfame-K) as synthetic sweetener material. Acesulfame-K content in jelly drink could be determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), but this method needed validation due to having a change on the reagent addition step which skips the carrez addition and comparison of mix mobile phase (potassium dihydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile) with ratio from 75:25 to 90:10 to be more efficient and cheap. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of determination method for acesulfame-K content in the jelly drink by HPLC. The method referred to Deutsches Institut fur Normung European Standard International Organization for Standardization (DIN EN ISO):12856 (1999) about Foodstuffs, Determination of acesulfame-K, aspartame and saccharin. The result of the correlation coefficient value (r) on the linearity test was 0.9987 at concentration range 5-100 mg/L. Detection limit value was 0.9153 ppm, while the quantitation limit value was 1.1932 ppm. The recovery (%) value on accuracy test for sample concentration by spiking 100 mg/L was 102-105%. Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) value for precision and homogenization tests were 2.815% and 4.978%, respectively. Meanwhile, the comparative and stability tests were tstat (0.136) < ttable (2.101) and |µ1-µ2| (1.502) ≤ 0.3×CV Horwitz. Obstinacy test value was tstat < ttable. It can be concluded that the HPLC method for the determination of acesulfame-K in jelly drink product by HPLC has been valid and can be used for analysis with good performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acesulfame-K" title="acesulfame-K">acesulfame-K</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jelly%20drink" title=" jelly drink"> jelly drink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPLC" title=" HPLC"> HPLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title=" validation"> validation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111374/development-and-validation-of-hplc-method-on-determination-of-acesulfame-k-in-jelly-drink-product" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Current Characteristic of Water Electrolysis to Produce Hydrogen, Alkaline, and Acid Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ekki%20Kurniawan">Ekki Kurniawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Nur%20Jayanto"> Yusuf Nur Jayanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erna%20Sugesti"> Erna Sugesti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Efri%20Suhartono"> Efri Suhartono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agus%20Ganda%20Permana"> Agus Ganda Permana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaspar%20Hasudungan"> Jaspar Hasudungan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jangkung%20Raharjo"> Jangkung Raharjo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rintis%20Manfaati"> Rintis Manfaati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research is to study the current characteristic of the electrolysis of mineral water to produce hydrogen, alkaline water, and acid water. Alkaline and hydrogen water are believed to have health benefits. Alkaline water containing hydrogen can be an anti-oxidant that captures free radicals, which will increase the immune system. In Indonesia, there are two existing types of alkaline water producing equipment, but the installation is complicated, and the price is relatively expensive. The electrolysis process is slow (6-8 hours) since they are locally made using 311 VDC full bridge rectifier power supply. This paper intends to discuss how to make hydrogen and alkaline water by a simple portable mineral water ionizer. This is an electrolysis device that is easy to carry and able to separate ions of mineral water into acidic and alkaline water. With an electric field, positive ions will be attracted to the cathode, while negative ions will be attracted to the anode. The circuit equivalent can be depicted as RLC transient ciruit. The diode component ensures that the electrolytic current is direct current. Switch S divides the switching times t1, t2, and t3. In the first stage up to t1, the electrolytic current increases exponentially, as does the inductor charging current (L). The molecules in drinking water experience magnetic properties. The direction of the dipole ions, which are random in origin, will regularly flare with the direction of the electric field. In the second stage up to t2, the electrolytic current decreases exponentially, just like the charging current of a capacitor (C). In the 3rd stage, start t3 until it tends to be constant, as is the case with the current flowing through the resistor (R). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20electrolysis" title="current electrolysis">current electrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20water" title=" mineral water"> mineral water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ions" title=" ions"> ions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20and%20acid%20waters" title=" alkaline and acid waters"> alkaline and acid waters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inductor" title=" inductor"> inductor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitor" title=" capacitor"> capacitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistor" title=" resistor"> resistor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160529/current-characteristic-of-water-electrolysis-to-produce-hydrogen-alkaline-and-acid-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> ADCOR © Muscle Damage Rapid Detection Test Based on Skeletal Troponin I Immunochromatography Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Solikhudin%20Nafi">Muhammad Solikhudin Nafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wahyu%20Afif%20Mufida"> Wahyu Afif Mufida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mita%20Erna%20Wati"> Mita Erna Wati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fitri%20Setyani%20Rokim"> Fitri Setyani Rokim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Al-Rizqi%20Dharma%20Fauzi"> M. Al-Rizqi Dharma Fauzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High dose activity without any pre-exercise will impact Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). DOMS known as delayed pain post-exercise and induce skeletal injury which will decrease athletes’ performances. From now on, post-exercise muscle damage can be detected by measuring skeletal troponin I (sTnI) concentration in serum using ELISA but this method needs more time and cost. To prevent decreased athletes performances, screening need to be done rapidly. We want to introduce our new prototype to detect DOMS acutely. Rapid detection tests are based on immunological reaction between skeletal troponin I antibodies and sTnI in human serum or whole blood. Chemical methods that are used in the manufacture of diagnostic test is lateral flow immunoassay. The material used is rat monoclonal antibody sTnI, colloidal gold, anti-mouse IgG, nitrocellulose membrane, conjugate pad, sample pad, wick and backing card. The procedure are made conjugate (colloidal gold and mAb sTnI) and insert into the conjugate pad, gives spray sTnI mAb and anti-mouse IgG into nitrocellulose membrane, and assemble RDT. RDT had been evaluated by measuring the sensitivity of positive human serum (n = 30) and negative human serum (n = 30). Overall sensitivity value was 93% and specificity value was 90%. ADCOR as the first rapid detection test qualitatively showed antigen-antibody reaction and showed good overall performances for screening of muscle damage. Furthermore, these finding still need more improvements to get best results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DOMS" title="DOMS">DOMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sTnI" title=" sTnI"> sTnI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rapid%20detection%20test" title=" rapid detection test"> rapid detection test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ELISA" title=" ELISA "> ELISA </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34547/adcor-muscle-damage-rapid-detection-test-based-on-skeletal-troponin-i-immunochromatography-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">513</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Enhancing Skills of Mothers of Asthmatic Children in Techniques of Drug Administration </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erna%20Judith%20Roach">Erna Judith Roach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nalini%20Bhaskaranand"> Nalini Bhaskaranand </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background & Significance: Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children. Education is the cornerstone of management of asthma to help the affected children. In India there are about 1.5- 3.0 million asthmatic children in the age group of 5-11 years. Many parents face management dilemmas in administration of medications to their children. Mothers being primary caregivers of children are often responsible for administering medications to them. The purpose of the study was to develop an educational package on techniques of drug administration for mothers of asthmatic children and determine its effectiveness in terms of improvement in skill in drug administration. Methodology: A quasi- experimental time series pre-test post -test control group design was used. Mothers of asthmatic children attending paediatric outpatient departments of selected hospitals along with their children between 5 and 12 years were included. Sample size consisted of 40 mothers in the experimental and 40 mothers in the control groups. Block randomization was used to assign samples to both the groups. The data collection instruments used were Baseline Proforma, Clinical Proforma, Daily asthma drug intake and symptoms diary and Observation Rating Scales on technique of using a metered dose inhaler with spacer; metered dose inhaler with facemask; metered dose inhaler alone and dry powder inhaler. The educational package consisted of a video and booklet on techniques of drug administration. Data were collected at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months. Findings: The mean post-test scores in techniques of drug administration were higher than the mean pre-test scores in the experimental group in all techniques. The Friedman test (p < 0.01), Wilcoxon Signed Rank test (p < 0.008) and Mann Whitney U (p < 0.01) showed statistically significant difference in the experimental group than the control group. There was significant decrease in the average number of symptom days (11 Vs. 4 days/ month) and hospital visits (5 to 1 per month) in the experimental group when compared to the control group. Conclusion: The educational package was found to be effective in improving the skill of mothers in drug administration in all the techniques, especially with using the metered dose inhaler with spacer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=childhood%20asthma" title="childhood asthma">childhood asthma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20administration" title=" drug administration"> drug administration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mothers%20of%20children" title=" mothers of children"> mothers of children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhaler" title=" inhaler"> inhaler</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21032/enhancing-skills-of-mothers-of-asthmatic-children-in-techniques-of-drug-administration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21032.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Data Collection in Protected Agriculture for Subsequent Big Data Analysis: Methodological Evaluation in Venezuela</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Antonieta%20Erna%20Castillo%20Holly">Maria Antonieta Erna Castillo Holly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the last decade, data analysis, strategic decision making, and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in Latin American agriculture have been a challenge. In some countries, the availability, quality, and reliability of historical data, in addition to the current data recording methodology in the field, makes it difficult to use information systems, complete data analysis, and their support for making the right strategic decisions. This is something essential in Agriculture 4.0. where the increase in the global demand for fresh agricultural products of tropical origin, during all the seasons of the year requires a change in the production model and greater agility in the responses to the consumer market demands of quality, quantity, traceability, and sustainability –that means extensive data-. Having quality information available and updated in real-time on what, how much, how, when, where, at what cost, and the compliance with production quality standards represents the greatest challenge for sustainable and profitable agriculture in the region. The objective of this work is to present a methodological proposal for the collection of georeferenced data from the protected agriculture sector, specifically in production units (UP) with tall structures (Greenhouses), initially for Venezuela, taking the state of Mérida as the geographical framework, and horticultural products as target crops. The document presents some background information and explains the methodology and tools used in the 3 phases of the work: diagnosis, data collection, and analysis. As a result, an evaluation of the process is carried out, relevant data and dashboards are displayed, and the first satellite maps integrated with layers of information in a geographic information system are presented. Finally, some improvement proposals and tentatively recommended applications are added to the process, understanding that their objective is to provide better qualified and traceable georeferenced data for subsequent analysis of the information and more agile and accurate strategic decision making. One of the main points of this study is the lack of quality data treatment in the Latin America area and especially in the Caribbean basin, being one of the most important points how to manage the lack of complete official data. The methodology has been tested with horticultural products, but it can be extended to other tropical crops. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouses" title="greenhouses">greenhouses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protected%20agriculture" title=" protected agriculture"> protected agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20analysis" title=" data analysis"> data analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographic%20information%20systems" title=" geographic information systems"> geographic information systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venezuela" title=" Venezuela"> Venezuela</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136486/data-collection-in-protected-agriculture-for-subsequent-big-data-analysis-methodological-evaluation-in-venezuela" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> 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