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class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">National Football League <br /> labor relations</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_NFL_strike/lockout" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 NFL strike/lockout">1968 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1970_NFL_strike/lockout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1970 NFL strike/lockout (page does not exist)">1970 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_NFL_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 NFL strike">1974 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_NFL_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1982 NFL strike">1982 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_NFL_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1987 NFL strike">1987 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_NFL_referee_lockout" title="2001 NFL referee lockout">2001 referee lockout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_NFL_lockout" title="2011 NFL lockout">2011 lockout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_NFL_referee_lockout" title="2012 NFL referee lockout">2012 referee lockout</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Collective bargaining agreement</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:American_football" title="Portal:American football">American football portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NFL_Labor_Relations" title="Template:NFL Labor Relations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NFL_Labor_Relations" title="Template talk:NFL Labor Relations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NFL_Labor_Relations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NFL Labor Relations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>NFL <a href="/wiki/Collective_Bargaining_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Collective Bargaining Agreement">Collective Bargaining Agreement</a></b> (<b>CBA</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Labour_law" title="Labour law">labor agreement</a> which reflects the results of collective bargaining negotiations between the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League_Players_Association" title="National Football League Players Association">National Football League Players Association</a> (NFLPA) and <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL) (the commissioner and the 32 teams team owners). The labor agreement classifies distribution of league revenues, sets health and safety standards and establishes benefits, including pensions and medical benefits, for all players in the NFL. The first collective bargaining agreement was reached in 1968 after player members of the NFLPA voted to go on strike to increase salaries, pensions and benefits for all players in the league. Later negotiations of the collective bargaining agreement called for injury grievances, a guaranteed percentage of revenues for players, an expansion of <a href="/wiki/Free_agent" title="Free agent">free agency</a> and other issues impacting the business of the NFL. The NFLPA and team owners have negotiated seven different agreements since 1968. </p><p>The currently active agreement was ratified in 2020 and extends through the 2030 season, and includes changes to league revenue distribution, increases in player benefits and health and safety improvements, eventually increasing the regular season to 17 games played, and increasing active roster and practice squad limits. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1968_agreement">1968 agreement</h2></div> <p>In 1968 the National Football League Players Association was first recognized in writing by National Football League team owners. This occurred after the player members of the NFLPA voted to go on strike, intending to pressure owners to increase minimum salaries, pensions and other <a href="/wiki/Employee_benefits" title="Employee benefits">benefits</a> for all players.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell11_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, <a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_franchise_owners" class="mw-redirect" title="List of NFL franchise owners">NFL team owners</a> locked out the players who were on strike.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell11_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After eleven days of work stoppage, the first <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining" title="Collective bargaining">collective bargaining</a> agreement (CBA) was reached between the NFL and the NFLPA.<sup id="cite_ref-ESPN11_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPN11-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rothschild11_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rothschild11-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agreement set a minimum salary of $9,000 per year for rookie players and $10,000 per year for veteran players. It also set aside $1.5 million of league revenue to be contributed to player pensions.<sup id="cite_ref-Quinn12_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinn12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1970_agreement">1970 agreement</h2></div> <p>A new agreement was negotiated in 1970 after the NFLPA merged with the American Football League Players Association.<sup id="cite_ref-Quinn12_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinn12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During negotiations over the new CBA, players went on strike in July 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-Quinn12_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinn12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new agreement was reached after four days.<sup id="cite_ref-Rothschild11_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rothschild11-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agreement increased minimum player salaries and altered the league's medical and pension programs.<sup id="cite_ref-Quinn12_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinn12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also provided for impartial arbitration of injury grievances, which had previously been decided by the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_NFL_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the NFL Commissioner">NFL Commissioner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NFLhistory_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NFLhistory-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Mackey_(American_football)" title="John Mackey (American football)">John Mackey</a> was elected as president of the NFLPA during this negotiation,<sup id="cite_ref-Bell11_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the new agreement was projected to cover the 1970 through 1973 seasons.<sup id="cite_ref-Quinn12_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinn12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1974_strike">1974 strike</h2></div> <p>In 1974, the veteran NFL players went on strike for five weeks, declaring "No Freedom, No Football," but they received no concessions before reporting to <a href="/wiki/Training_camp_(National_Football_League)" class="mw-redirect" title="Training camp (National Football League)">training camp</a> after a two-week "cooling off" period.<sup id="cite_ref-ESPN11_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPN11-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ChicagoArchive_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChicagoArchive-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strike never resumed, and the NFLPA player representatives voted instead to pursue a previously filed lawsuit, <a href="/wiki/Mackey_v._NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="Mackey v. NFL">Mackey v. NFL</a>, which challenged the Rozelle Rule restrictions on free agency as a violation of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_antitrust_law" title="United States antitrust law">federal antitrust laws</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Rozelle_Rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Rozelle Rule">Rozelle Rule</a> was a compensation clause which outlined that a team losing a <a href="/wiki/Free_agent#National_Football_League_usa" title="Free agent">free agent</a> would get equal value in return.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell11_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Player confidence in the NFLPA was weakened by the strike's ineffectiveness. By 1975, fewer than half of players in the NFL were paying their <a href="/wiki/Union_dues" title="Union dues">union dues</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Quinn12_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinn12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1977_agreement">1977 agreement</h2></div> <p>After players won the Mackey case in court, the NFLPA and the owners settled on a new CBA which implemented a new <a href="/wiki/Right_of_first_refusal" title="Right of first refusal">first refusal</a> and compensation system to replace the Rozelle Rule.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell11_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new system still placed restrictions on players' free agency.<sup id="cite_ref-Quinn12_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinn12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court decision outlined that compensation for <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League_draft" class="mw-redirect" title="National Football League draft">draft picks</a> was to be awarded on the basis of the salaries received by departing free agents.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell11_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agreement reached in 1977 significantly improved some medical and pension benefits for players and gained neutral <a href="/wiki/Arbitration" title="Arbitration">arbitration</a> of all player/club disputes.<sup id="cite_ref-Quinn12_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinn12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1982_agreement">1982 agreement</h2></div> <p>In 1982, after playing the first two games of the season, NFL players went on strike again, seeking to attain a guaranteed percentage of club and league revenues.<sup id="cite_ref-ESPN11_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPN11-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This strike lasted 57 days, making it the longest work stoppage in NFL history until that date.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell11_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strike ended with a tentative agreement on November 16 which included funds to cover players' lost wages during the work stoppage.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell11_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Negotiators signed a new collective bargaining agreement on December 5. The agreement improved players' benefits by implementing a new severance pay benefit, increasing minimum salaries for players in all years of service, and adding new medical rights for players. The agreement also included a revamped season schedule for 1982, which had a nine-game regular season and a new <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League_playoffs" class="mw-redirect" title="National Football League playoffs">playoff</a> format which allowed 16 of the league's 28 teams to qualify for the <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">playoffs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell11_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the agreement included a guarantee from the owners that players would collectively receive at least $1.6 billion in salaries and benefits over the five-year term of the new agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-Lockout_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockout-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1987_strike">1987 strike</h2></div> <p>After playing the first two games of the season in 1987, players went on strike for free agency.<sup id="cite_ref-ESPN11_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPN11-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to the strike, team owners brought in replacement players and continued the regular season after one week. Several well-known players, including <a href="/wiki/Joe_Montana" title="Joe Montana">Joe Montana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Taylor" title="Lawrence Taylor">Lawrence Taylor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Dorsett" title="Tony Dorsett">Tony Dorsett</a> crossed the picket lines to rejoin their teams alongside these new replacements.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell11_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ESPN11_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPN11-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 15, players voted to end the strike, to instead pursue a legal challenge to the free agency restrictions in court.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell11_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1988 Judge David Doty sided with the players in ruling that the clubs' continuance of the first refusal and compensation restrictions on free agents was not protected by the labor exemption to the antitrust laws.<sup id="cite_ref-NFLhistory_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NFLhistory-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But in July 1988 Doty refused to grant an injunction which would have freed the players from the restrictions, ruling that the federal <a href="/wiki/Norris-Laguardia_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Norris-Laguardia Act">Norris-LaGuardia Act</a> prevented courts from issuing injunctions in labor disputes.<sup id="cite_ref-PayDirt_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PayDirt-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He urged both sides of the conflict to return to the bargaining table while in preparation for an anti-trust trial.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell11_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1989, team owners unilaterally implemented a limited free agency system called "Plan B".<sup id="cite_ref-ESPN11_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPN11-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allowed teams to continue to impose first refusal and compensation restrictions on their top 37 players. The new system also allowed players at the bottom of the roster to sign with other teams without restriction.<sup id="cite_ref-ESPN11_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPN11-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average salary of the players signed under Plan B increased by 40.3 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-Holbreich90_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holbreich90-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1989 the <a href="/wiki/8th_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="8th Circuit Court of Appeals">8th Circuit Court of Appeals</a> ruled that team owners were exempt from the federal antitrust laws so long as players were adequately represented by a union.<sup id="cite_ref-Pierson91_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pierson91-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, the NFLPA decertified as a union, stating its union status provided more protection for the owners than for the players.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell11_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NFL continued to operate without a collective bargaining agreement until 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell11_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1993_agreement">1993 agreement</h2></div> <p>The NFL and its players began negotiations after players won the <a href="/wiki/Freeman_McNeil" title="Freeman McNeil">Freeman McNeil</a> legal case brought against Plan B. The jury decided on September 10, 1992 that Plan B was too restrictive under federal antitrust laws. Subsequently, team owners agreed to discuss free agency for all players.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell11_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NFLPA filed a class action suit in the name of <a href="/wiki/Reggie_White" title="Reggie White">Reggie White</a>, claiming that all players in the NFL should receive money damages as a result of the illegality of Plan B. The settlement provided for payment of almost $200 million in damages, and was contingent upon the NFLPA re-forming as a union and signing a new CBA which would incorporate the terms of the litigation settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-Loyola94_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loyola94-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Campbell11_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell11-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A seven-year CBA was signed in the spring of 1993, making it the first agreement of its kind since 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell11_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ESPN11_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPN11-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Quinn12_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinn12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new CBA provided players with unlimited free agency after playing four years in the league, subject to an exception for one franchise player per club after first year of the new CBA. In return, the NFLPA agreed to a salary cap based upon an agreed percentage of revenues.<sup id="cite_ref-Quinn12_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinn12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agreement had an immediate impact on player salaries, increasing wages for the 1993 season by 38 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-Quinn12_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinn12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The CBA agreed to in 1993 was extended by the agreement of players and owners in 1998. This lasted until the 2002 season, when the CBA was extended through the 2006 season.<sup id="cite_ref-Quinn12_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinn12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2006_agreement">2006 agreement</h2></div> <p>The CBA agreed upon in 1993 was extended again in 2006 after the team owners agreed to include more revenues in the salary cap and to increase benefits, including the first ever plan to provide funds to players for medical expenses after their post-career medical insurance ran out.<sup id="cite_ref-ESPN11_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPN11-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This extension of the CBA included an option for either party to opt out before November 8, 2008, which would have resulted in a termination of the CBA on March 1, 2011 if either side chose to exercise it.<sup id="cite_ref-Quinn12_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinn12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team owners voted unanimously to opt out in May 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-Quinn12_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinn12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2011_agreement">2011 agreement</h2></div> <p>Negotiations for a new CBA began in early 2010. Team owners and new NFL Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Roger_Goodell" title="Roger Goodell">Roger Goodell</a> demanded a cutback in salaries and benefits under the cap system, promising to lockout the players if no new agreement was reached by March 1, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-ESPN11.2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPN11.2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NFLPA rejected Goodell’s proposal, requesting to see all league and club financial records to determine what need, if any, the clubs had for a decrease in player costs. The players voted during their 2010 team meetings to end the NFLPA’s status as a labor union as of March 1, 2011, unless a new CBA was reached by that time.<sup id="cite_ref-ESPNM11_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPNM11-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although there was no salary cap in 2010, free agency activity and overall expenditures on players declined, leading the NFLPA to file a collusion case, claiming that the owners had unlawfully agreed to reduce competition for free agents.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell11_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After failing to make any progress in negotiations, both sides accepted mediation under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Mediation_and_Conciliation_Service_(United_States)" title="Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (United States)">Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service</a> (FMCS) in February 2011. During mediation, players and owners agreed to extend the 2006 CBA by one week. The FMCS failed to mediate a settlement and the previous CBA expired on March 7, 2011. That same day, the NFLPA announced it was no longer a union. This allowed players to file individual antitrust cases, many of which challenged the legality of the impending lockout.<sup id="cite_ref-Farmer11_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farmer11-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Brady" title="Tom Brady">Tom Brady</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Patriots" title="New England Patriots">New England Patriots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peyton_Manning" title="Peyton Manning">Peyton Manning</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Colts" title="Indianapolis Colts">Indianapolis Colts</a> were two of the eight named plaintiffs in the action filed in <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Minnesota" title="United States District Court for the District of Minnesota">Federal District Court in Minnesota</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mone11_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mone11-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NFLWire2011_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NFLWire2011-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Federal District Court initially ruled for the players, declaring the lockout illegal because the players were no longer members of a union.<sup id="cite_ref-Quinn12_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinn12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 8th Circuit Court of Appeals stayed the District Court's ruling, and the lockout continued pending a final determination in the appellate court.<sup id="cite_ref-Quinn12_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinn12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2011, as court-ordered mediation continued between players and owners in New York, at the offices of the NFL’s lawyers, the 8th Circuit court announced that the Norris–La Guardia Act prohibited it from enjoining the lockout. The court stated in its decision that the ruling only applied to veteran players under contract, and not to unsigned rookies or veteran free agents.<sup id="cite_ref-Mihoces11_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mihoces11-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After several months of negotiations, the longest lockout in league history ended on July 25, 2011 following a tentative litigation settlement which reclassified some league revenues for cap purposes. This settlement allowed team owners to keep a small percentage from being included in future salary caps.<sup id="cite_ref-Clayton11_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clayton11-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The settlement was conditional upon the NFLPA re-constituting as a union and incorporating the settlement terms into a new CBA.<sup id="cite_ref-Fendrich11_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fendrich11-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ESPNc_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPNc-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Players reported to training camps in July 2011, and voted to re-constitute the NFLPA as a union. After the vote tally was confirmed on July 31, 2011, the NFLPA began six days of bargaining that resulted in a new CBA being signed on August 5, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-ESPNJuly11_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPNJuly11-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The key features of the 2011 CBA included changes related to health and safety, including a reduction in the number of off-season practices, a prohibition against training camp “<a href="/wiki/Two-A-Days_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-A-Days (football)">two-a days</a>", and a limit on contact practices in both the preseason and regular season.<sup id="cite_ref-CBA11_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBA11-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Davis11_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis11-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new CBA also featured increases in player benefits, including retroactive pension increases for retired players and the creation of a neuro-cognitive benefit for players affected by concussions and other similar injuries. Also, the agreement promised an increase up to $1.5 million in salary guarantees for injured players<sup id="cite_ref-CBA11_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBA11-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a new revenue split, offering players between 47 percent and 48.5 percent of all revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-Fendrich11_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fendrich11-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Myers11_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myers11-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Changes were also made in contract-related benefits, with an increase in minimum player salaries[19] and salary cap minimums, including the guarantee of a 99% -95% league wide spend and a requirement that each club would have to spend an average of 89% of the salary cap over four-year periods.<sup id="cite_ref-NFLNews11_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NFLNews11-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A new rookie salary system was implemented by the NFL to limit spending on first-round draft picks,<sup id="cite_ref-Davis11_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis11-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the savings were reallocated to veteran players.<sup id="cite_ref-Lariviere12_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lariviere12-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2011 CBA has no opt-out clause and a ten-year term set to expire after the 2020 season.<sup id="cite_ref-Fendrich11_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fendrich11-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rosenthal11_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenthal11-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2020_agreement">2020 agreement</h2></div> <p>NFL owners voted to approve the 2020–2030 CBA on February 20, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-2020ESPN_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020ESPN-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Board of Representatives for the NFL Players Association approved a vote of the proposed CBA from the NFL owners on February 26, 2020, that went to a vote of the members of the Players Association.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new CBA was agreed to by the NFLPA on March 15, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2020 agreement, a 17th regular season game for teams will be added to the NFL schedule during either the 2021, 2022, or 2023 NFL season. After owners voted to expand the playoffs on April 2, 2020, playoff-eligible teams will increase from 12 teams to 14 teams, with six Wild Card playoff games being played instead of four and only two teams receiving first-round playoff byes instead of four.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The preseason will be shortened from four games to three in seasons with 17 regular season games.<sup id="cite_ref-2020ChicagoTribune_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020ChicagoTribune-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The regular season active roster expanded to up to 55 players (from a 53-player limit), with the one or two extra spots only eligible for <a href="/wiki/Practice_squad" title="Practice squad">practice squad</a> players elevated just for the regular season game. These practice squad players revert back to the practice squad once the game is over. The gameday roster limit increased from 46 players to 48, with a minimum of eight players being <a href="/wiki/Offensive_linemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Offensive linemen">offensive linemen</a>. If fewer than eight offensive linemen are active, the gameday roster limit decreases to 47.<sup id="cite_ref-2020_CBA_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020_CBA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The practice squad player limit in the 2020 and 2021 seasons is 12 players, which increases to 14 in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-2020BostonGlobe_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020BostonGlobe-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Practice squad eligibility for players was increased, with a maximum of two players per team allowed to have an unlimited number of accrued seasons. This increases to four players per team for the 2022–2030 league years.<sup id="cite_ref-2020_CBA_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020_CBA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Violations of the NFL's substance abuse policy no longer can result in a player suspension. Players receive 48% of the NFL revenue by the 2021 season,<sup id="cite_ref-2020ChicagoTribune_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020ChicagoTribune-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and at least 48.8% of the revenue in any 17-game NFL season.<sup id="cite_ref-2020ESPN_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020ESPN-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NFL teams may only use either the <a href="/wiki/Franchise_tag" title="Franchise tag">franchise tag</a> or <a href="/wiki/Transition_tag" title="Transition tag">transition tag</a> in a given season, instead of being able to use both as in the previous CBA.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Players are eligible for pensions after three accrued seasons, down from four previously.<sup id="cite_ref-2020BostonGlobe_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020BostonGlobe-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NFL will also build network of hospitals in team's home cities with free <a href="/wiki/Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare">healthcare</a> for players.<sup id="cite_ref-urlFull_term_sheet_of_proposed_collective_bargaining_agreement_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlFull_term_sheet_of_proposed_collective_bargaining_agreement-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bell11-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bell11_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Timeline+of+NFL+labor+disputes&rft.date=2011-03-12&rft.au=Jarrett+Bell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusatoday30.usatoday.com%2Fsports%2Ffootball%2Fnfl%2F2011-03-03-nfl-labor-disputes-timeline_N.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANFL+collective+bargaining+agreement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESPN11-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ESPN11_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESPN11_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESPN11_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESPN11_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESPN11_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESPN11_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESPN11_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESPN11_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESPN11_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?page=nfl_labor_history">"NFL labor history since 1968"</a>. <i>espn.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ChicagoTribune.com&rft.atitle=The+deadline+for+NFL+players+to+vote+on+the+CBA+is+Saturday.+Here%E2%80%99s+what+you+need+to+know.&rft.date=2020-03-12&rft.au=Kane%2C+Colleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fsports%2Fbears%2Fct-cb-nfl-cba-players-vote-20200312-q5nz2afepncpbo2masulsl2nqm-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANFL+collective+bargaining+agreement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020_CBA-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2020_CBA_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020_CBA_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nflpaweb.blob.core.windows.net/media/Default/NFLPA/CBA2020/NFL-NFLPA_CBA_March_5_2020.pdf">"NFL–NFLPA Collective Bargaining Agreement 2020"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NFLPA. March 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NFL%E2%80%93NFLPA+Collective+Bargaining+Agreement+2020&rft.pub=NFLPA&rft.date=2020-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnflpaweb.blob.core.windows.net%2Fmedia%2FDefault%2FNFLPA%2FCBA2020%2FNFL-NFLPA_CBA_March_5_2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANFL+collective+bargaining+agreement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020BostonGlobe-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2020BostonGlobe_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020BostonGlobe_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolin,_Ben2020" class="citation news cs1">Volin, Ben (March 15, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/03/15/sports/nfl-players-association-approves-new-cba-includes-17-game-schedule-expanded-playoffs/">"The NFL has a new CBA. Here are its biggest changes"</a>. <i>BostonGlobe.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BostonGlobe.com&rft.atitle=The+NFL+has+a+new+CBA.+Here+are+its+biggest+changes&rft.date=2020-03-15&rft.au=Volin%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2F2020%2F03%2F15%2Fsports%2Fnfl-players-association-approves-new-cba-includes-17-game-schedule-expanded-playoffs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANFL+collective+bargaining+agreement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelson,_Ken_and_Kevin_Draper2020" class="citation news cs1">Belson, Ken and Kevin Draper (March 3, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/03/sports/football/nfl-cba-agreement-players.html">"N.F.L. Players Split Over Revenue Share and Longer Season as C.B.A. Vote Looms"</a>. <i>NYTimes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NYTimes.com&rft.atitle=N.F.L.+Players+Split+Over+Revenue+Share+and+Longer+Season+as+C.B.A.+Vote+Looms&rft.date=2020-03-03&rft.au=Belson%2C+Ken+and+Kevin+Draper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F03%2F03%2Fsports%2Ffootball%2Fnfl-cba-agreement-players.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANFL+collective+bargaining+agreement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlorio,_Mike2020" class="citation news cs1">Florio, Mike (March 15, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2020/03/15/new-cba-complicates-free-agency-for-cowboys-and-titans/">"New CBA complicates free agency for Cowboys and Titans"</a>. <i>NBCSports.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBCSports.com&rft.atitle=New+CBA+complicates+free+agency+for+Cowboys+and+Titans&rft.date=2020-03-15&rft.au=Florio%2C+Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprofootballtalk.nbcsports.com%2F2020%2F03%2F15%2Fnew-cba-complicates-free-agency-for-cowboys-and-titans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANFL+collective+bargaining+agreement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urlFull_term_sheet_of_proposed_collective_bargaining_agreement-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urlFull_term_sheet_of_proposed_collective_bargaining_agreement_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nfl.com/news/full-term-sheet-of-proposed-collective-bargaining-agreement-0ap3000001102608">"Full term sheet of proposed collective bargaining agreement"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Full+term+sheet+of+proposed+collective+bargaining+agreement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfl.com%2Fnews%2Ffull-term-sheet-of-proposed-collective-bargaining-agreement-0ap3000001102608&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANFL+collective+bargaining+agreement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em 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Kickoff Game">Kickoff game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monday_Night_Football" title="Monday Night Football">Monday Night Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_on_Thanksgiving_Day" title="NFL on Thanksgiving Day">Thanksgiving games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_on_Christmas_Day" title="NFL on Christmas Day">Christmas games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_playoffs" title="NFL playoffs">Playoffs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_playoff_games" title="List of NFL playoff games">List of games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_franchise_post-season_streaks" title="List of NFL franchise post-season streaks">streaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_franchise_post-season_droughts" title="List of NFL franchise post-season droughts">droughts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFC_Championship_Game" title="AFC Championship Game">AFC Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFC_Championship_Game" title="NFC Championship Game">NFC Championship</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_National_Football_League" title="Timeline of the National Football League">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_NFL_franchises" title="List of defunct NFL franchises">Defunct franchises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_franchise_moves_and_mergers" title="NFL franchise moves and mergers">moves and mergers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_NFL_in_Los_Angeles" title="History of the NFL in Los Angeles">NFL in Los Angeles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_and_Western_Conferences_(NFL)_1933%E2%80%931969" title="Eastern and Western Conferences (NFL) 1933–1969">Eastern and Western Conferences</a> (1933–1969) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NFL_Century_Division" title="NFL Century Division">Century Division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League" title="American Football League">American Football League</a> (1960–1969) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_playoffs" title="American Football League playoffs">Playoffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93NFL_merger" title="AFL–NFL merger">Merger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_champions_(1920%E2%80%931969)" title="List of NFL champions (1920–1969)">NFL Championship (1920–1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playoff_Bowl" title="Playoff Bowl">Playoff Bowl</a></li> <li>NFL records <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_individual_records" title="List of NFL individual records">Individual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_team_records" title="List of NFL team records">team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Super_Bowl_records" title="List of Super Bowl records">Super Bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_all-time_NFL_win%E2%80%93loss_records" title="List of all-time NFL win–loss records">all time win–loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_last_undefeated_NFL_teams_by_season" title="List of last undefeated NFL teams by season">last undefeated</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_tied_games" title="List of NFL tied games">Tied games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canceled_and_rescheduled_NFL_games" title="List of canceled and rescheduled NFL games">Canceled games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknamed_NFL_games_and_plays" title="List of nicknamed NFL games and plays">Nicknamed games and plays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_controversies" title="NFL controversies">Controversies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_games_played_outside_the_United_States" title="List of NFL games played outside the United States">International</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NFL_International_Series" title="NFL International Series">International Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_London_NFL_franchise" title="Potential London NFL franchise">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_in_Toronto" title="NFL in Toronto">Toronto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bills_Toronto_Series" title="Bills Toronto Series">Bills Series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_Europe" title="NFL Europe">NFL Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_players_born_outside_the_United_States" title="List of NFL players born outside the United States">Non-American players</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Player_Pathway" title="International Player Pathway">International Player Pathway</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_NFL_franchise_owners" title="List of current NFL franchise owners">Owners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_Properties" title="NFL Properties">Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_Management_Council" title="NFL Management Council">Management Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_competition_committee" title="NFL competition committee">Competition Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League_Players_Association" title="National Football League Players Association">NFL Players Association</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Collective bargaining agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_Players_Inc." title="NFL Players Inc.">NFL Players Inc.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League_Referees_Association" title="National Football League Referees Association">NFL Referees Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_lockout" title="NFL lockout">Lockouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_list_of_the_most_valuable_NFL_teams" title="Forbes list of the most valuable NFL teams">Valuations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_on_American_television" title="NFL on American television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NFL_Network" title="NFL Network">NFL Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_RedZone" title="NFL RedZone">NFL RedZone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_Films" title="NFL Films">NFL Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_on_Canadian_television" title="NFL on Canadian television">In Canada</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_head_coaches" title="List of NFL head coaches">Head coaches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_NFL_head_coaches" title="List of current NFL head coaches">current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_head_coach_wins_leaders" title="List of NFL head coach wins leaders">wins leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_head_coaches_by_playoff_record" title="List of NFL head coaches by playoff record">playoff record</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_starting_quarterbacks_in_the_NFL" title="List of starting quarterbacks in the NFL">Starting quarterbacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_officials" title="List of NFL officials">Officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_NFL_stadiums" title="List of current NFL stadiums">Stadiums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_home_stadiums_for_current_NFL_teams" title="Chronology of home stadiums for current NFL teams">Chronology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_awards" title="List of NFL awards">Awards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Pro" title="All-Pro">All-Pro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="Pro Football Hall of Fame">Hall of Fame</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="List of Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_player_conduct_policy" title="NFL player conduct policy">Player conduct</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_suspensions_in_the_NFL" title="List of suspensions in the NFL">Suspensions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_Scouting_Combine" title="NFL Scouting Combine">Combine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_draft" title="NFL draft">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_camp_(NFL)" title="Training camp (NFL)">Training camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_Foundation" title="NFL Foundation">NFL Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_Alumni" title="NFL Alumni">NFL Alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Gen_Stats" title="Next Gen Stats">Next Gen Stats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_mascots" title="List of NFL mascots">Mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_nicknames" title="List of NFL nicknames">Nicknames</a></li> <li><a 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