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<span>Package size</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Package_size-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Letter_suffix" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letter_suffix"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Letter suffix</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Letter_suffix-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_package_markings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_package_markings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Other package markings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_package_markings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Date_codes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_codes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Date codes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_codes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Common_manufacturer_code" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_manufacturer_code"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Common manufacturer code</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_manufacturer_code-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rechargeable_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rechargeable_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rechargeable variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rechargeable_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Health issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Health issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Health_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Accidental_ingestion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accidental_ingestion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Accidental ingestion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accidental_ingestion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mercury_and_cadmium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mercury_and_cadmium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Mercury and cadmium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mercury_and_cadmium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Button cell</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCym%C9%99_h%C3%BCceyr%C9%99si" title="Düymə hüceyrəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Düymə hüceyrəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Миниатюрна батерия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Миниатюрна батерия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pila_de_bot%C3%B3" title="Pila de botó – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pila de botó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knofl%C3%ADkov%C3%A1_baterie" title="Knoflíková baterie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Knoflíková baterie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knopfzelle" title="Knopfzelle – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Knopfzelle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6%C3%B6pelement" title="Nööpelement – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nööpelement" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pila_de_bot%C3%B3n" title="Pila de botón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pila de botón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="باتری دکمه‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باتری دکمه‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_bouton" title="Pile bouton – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pile bouton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%B6%94%ED%98%95_%EC%A0%84%EC%A7%80" title="단추형 전지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="단추형 전지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumbasta_baterija" title="Gumbasta baterija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gumbasta baterija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoopcel" title="Knoopcel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Knoopcel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E5%9E%8B%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0" title="ボタン型電池 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボタン型電池" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2" title="ਬਟਨ ਸੈੱਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਟਨ ਸੈੱਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogniwo_guzikowe" title="Ogniwo guzikowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ogniwo guzikowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilha_bot%C3%A3o" title="Pilha botão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pilha botão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Миниатюрный элемент питания – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Миниатюрный элемент питания" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knappcell" title="Knappcell – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Knappcell" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1" title="ถ่านก้อนกระดุม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ถ่านก้อนกระดุม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BC%C4%9Fme_pil" title="Düğme pil – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Düğme pil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Мініатюрний елемент живлення – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мініатюрний елемент живлення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%88%95%E6%89%A3%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0" title="鈕扣電池 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鈕扣電池" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Button_cell" title="Special:EditPage/Button cell">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Button+cell%22">"Button cell"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Button+cell%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Button+cell%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Button+cell%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Button+cell%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Button+cell%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Small battery</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin-cells.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coin-cells.jpg/300px-Coin-cells.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coin-cells.jpg/450px-Coin-cells.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Coin-cells.jpg 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="363" /></a><figcaption>Button, coin, or watch cells</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>button cell</b>, <b>watch battery</b>, or <b>coin battery</b> is a small <a href="/wiki/Battery_(electricity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery (electricity)">battery</a> made of a single <a href="/wiki/Electrochemical_cell" title="Electrochemical cell">electrochemical cell</a> and shaped as a squat <a href="/wiki/Cylinder" title="Cylinder">cylinder</a> typically 5 to 25 mm (0.197 to 0.984 in) in <a href="/wiki/Diameter" title="Diameter">diameter</a> and 1 to 6 mm (0.039 to 0.236 in) high – resembling a <a href="/wiki/Button" title="Button">button</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">Stainless steel</a> usually forms the bottom body and <a href="/wiki/Electric_charge" title="Electric charge">positive</a> <a href="/wiki/Terminal_(electronics)" title="Terminal (electronics)">terminal</a> of the cell; insulated from it, the metallic top cap forms the <a href="/wiki/Electric_charge" title="Electric charge">negative</a> terminal. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Types_of_RTC_modules_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Types_of_RTC_modules_2.jpg/300px-Types_of_RTC_modules_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Types_of_RTC_modules_2.jpg/450px-Types_of_RTC_modules_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Types_of_RTC_modules_2.jpg/600px-Types_of_RTC_modules_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2526" data-file-height="1596" /></a><figcaption>Button cell use in <a href="/wiki/Real-time_clock" title="Real-time clock">RTC modules</a> as power source</figcaption></figure> <p>Button cells are used to power small <a href="/wiki/Portable_electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable electronics">portable electronics</a> devices such as <a href="/wiki/Wrist_watch" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrist watch">wrist watches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pocket_calculator" class="mw-redirect" title="Pocket calculator">pocket calculators</a>. Wider variants are usually called <b>coin cells</b>. Devices using button cells are usually designed around a cell giving a long service life, typically well over a year in continuous use in a wristwatch. Most button cells have low self-discharge, holding their charge for a long time if not used. Relatively high-power devices such as hearing aids may use a <a href="/wiki/Zinc%E2%80%93air_battery" title="Zinc–air battery">zinc–air battery</a>, which has a much higher <a href="/wiki/Capacitance" title="Capacitance">capacity</a> for a given size, but dries out after a few weeks even if not used.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="technical specifications are not common knowledge and require sources (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Button cells are usually disposable <a href="/wiki/Primary_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary cell">primary cells</a>, but some are <a href="/wiki/Rechargeable_battery" title="Rechargeable battery">rechargeable</a> secondary cells. Common <a href="/wiki/Anode#Battery_or_galvanic_cell_anode" title="Anode">anode</a> materials are <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">lithium</a>. Common <a href="/wiki/Cathode#Galvanic_cell" title="Cathode">cathode</a> materials are <a href="/wiki/Manganese_dioxide" title="Manganese dioxide">manganese dioxide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver_oxide" title="Silver oxide">silver oxide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_monofluoride" title="Carbon monofluoride">carbon monofluoride</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cupric_oxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Cupric oxide">cupric oxide</a> or <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> from the air.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="technical specifications are not common knowledge and require sources (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Mercury_battery" title="Mercury battery">Mercuric oxide</a> button cells were formerly common, but are no longer available due to the <a href="/wiki/Toxicity" title="Toxicity">toxicity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">environmental</a> <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)#Toxicity_and_safety" title="Mercury (element)">effects of mercury</a>. </p><p>Button cells are dangerous for small children, as when swallowed they can cause severe internal burns and significant injury or death.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC,_2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC,_2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Duracell" title="Duracell">Duracell</a> has attempted to mitigate this by adding a <a href="/wiki/Bitterant" title="Bitterant">bitter coating</a> to their batteries.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Properties_of_cell_chemistries">Properties of cell chemistries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button_cell&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Properties of cell chemistries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cells of different chemical composition made in the same size are mechanically interchangeable. However, the composition can affect service life and <a href="/wiki/Chemical_stability" title="Chemical stability">voltage stability</a>. Using the wrong cell may lead to short life or improper operation (for example, <a href="/wiki/Light_meter" title="Light meter">light metering</a> on a camera requires a stable voltage, thus silver cells are usually specified). Sometimes different cells of the same type, size and capacity are optimized for different loads by using different <a href="/wiki/Electrolytic_capacitor" title="Electrolytic capacitor">electrolytes</a>, so that one may have longer service life than the other when supplying a relatively high <a href="/wiki/Electric_current" title="Electric current">current</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="technical specifications are not common knowledge and require sources (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_battery" title="Alkaline battery">Alkaline batteries</a> are made in the same button sizes as the other types, but typically provide less capacity and less stable voltage than more costly silver oxide or lithium cells.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Silver-oxide_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver-oxide battery">Silver cells</a> may have an output voltage that is stable until it suddenly drops at end of life. This varies for individual types; one manufacturer (<a href="/wiki/Energizer" title="Energizer">Energizer</a>) offers three silver oxide cells of the same size, 357–303, 357-303H and EPX76, with capacities ranging from 150 to 200 <a href="/wiki/Ampere_hour" class="mw-redirect" title="Ampere hour">mAh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage">voltage</a> characteristics ranging from gradually reducing to fairly constant, and some stated to be for continuous low drain with high pulse on demand, others for photo use.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mercury_battery" title="Mercury battery">Mercury batteries</a> also supply a stable voltage, but are banned in many countries due to their <a href="/wiki/Toxicity" title="Toxicity">toxicity</a> and environmental impact.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="technical specifications are not common knowledge and require sources (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Zinc-air_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Zinc-air battery">Zinc-air batteries</a> use air as the <a href="/wiki/Depolarizer" title="Depolarizer">depolarizer</a> and have much higher capacity than other types, as they take that air from the atmosphere. Cells have an air-tight seal which must be removed before use; they will then dry out in a few weeks, regardless of use.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="technical specifications are not common knowledge and require sources (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>For comparison, the properties of some cells from one manufacturer with diameter 11.6 mm and height 5.4 mm were listed in 2009 as:<sup id="cite_ref-energizer2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-energizer2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Silver: capacity 200 mAh to an end-point of 0.9 V, <a href="/wiki/Internal_resistance" title="Internal resistance">internal resistance</a> 5–15 Ω, weight 2.3 g</li> <li>Alkaline (manganese dioxide): 150 mAh (0.9), 3–9 Ω, 2.4 g</li> <li>Mercury: 200 mAh, 2.6 g</li> <li>Zinc-air: 620 mAh, 1.9 g</li></ul> <p>Examining datasheets for a manufacturer's range<sup id="cite_ref-energizer2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-energizer2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> may show a high-capacity alkaline cell with a capacity as high as one of the lower-capacity silver types; or a particular silver cell with twice the capacity of a particular alkaline cell. If the powered equipment requires a relatively high voltage (e.g., 1.3 V) to operate correctly, a silver cell with a flat discharge characteristic will give much longer service than an alkaline cell—even if it has the same specified capacity in mAh to an end-point of 0.9 V. If a device seems to "eat up" batteries after the original supplied by the manufacturer is replaced, it may be useful to check the device's requirements and the replacement battery's characteristics. For <a href="/wiki/Caliper#Digital_caliper" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliper">digital calipers</a>, in particular, some are specified to require at least 1.25 V to operate and others 1.38 V.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-battery_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-battery-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While alkaline, silver oxide, and mercury batteries of the same size may be mechanically interchangeable in any given device, use of a cell of the right voltage but unsuitable characteristics can lead to short battery life or failure to operate equipment. Common <a href="/wiki/Lithium_battery" title="Lithium battery">lithium</a> primary cells, with a terminal voltage around 3 volts, are not made in sizes interchangeable with 1.5 volt cells. Use of a battery of significantly higher voltage than equipment is designed for can cause permanent damage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Type_designation">Type designation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button_cell&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Type designation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Battery_nomenclature" title="Battery nomenclature">Battery nomenclature</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LR44_Button_Cell_Battery_IEC_Standard_Version.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/LR44_Button_Cell_Battery_IEC_Standard_Version.jpg/240px-LR44_Button_Cell_Battery_IEC_Standard_Version.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/LR44_Button_Cell_Battery_IEC_Standard_Version.jpg/360px-LR44_Button_Cell_Battery_IEC_Standard_Version.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/LR44_Button_Cell_Battery_IEC_Standard_Version.jpg/480px-LR44_Button_Cell_Battery_IEC_Standard_Version.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption>LR44 alkaline cell</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">International standard</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a> 60086-3 defines an alphanumeric coding system for "Watch batteries". Manufacturers often have their own naming system; for example, the cell called LR1154 by the IEC standard is named AG13, LR44, 357, A76, and other names by different manufacturers. The IEC standard and some others encode the case size so that the numeric part of the code is uniquely determined by the case size; other codes do not encode size directly. </p><p>Examples of batteries conforming to the IEC standard are CR2032, SR516, and LR1154, where the letters and numbers indicate the following characteristics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electrochemical_system">Electrochemical system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button_cell&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Electrochemical system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first letter in the IEC standard system identifies the chemical composition of the battery, which also implies a nominal voltage: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Letter<br /> code </th> <th>Common<br /> name </th> <th>Positive<br /> electrode </th> <th>Electrolyte </th> <th>Negative<br /> electrode </th> <th>Nominal<br /> voltage (V) </th> <th>End-point<br /> voltage (V) </th> <th>Maximum<br /> voltage (V) </th> <th>Comments </th></tr> <tr> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zinc-carbon_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Zinc-carbon battery">Zinc-carbon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manganese_dioxide" title="Manganese dioxide">Manganese dioxide</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zinc_chloride" title="Zinc chloride">Zinc chloride</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></td> <td>1.5</td> <td>?</td> <td>1.72</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>L</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_battery" title="Alkaline battery">Alkaline</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manganese_dioxide" title="Manganese dioxide">Manganese dioxide</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal_hydroxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkali metal hydroxide">Alkali</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></td> <td>1.5</td> <td>1.0</td> <td>1.65</td> <td>Much higher capacity than zinc-carbon. </td></tr> <tr> <td>S</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver-oxide_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver-oxide battery">Silver</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver_oxide" title="Silver oxide">Silver oxide</a></td> <td>Alkali</td> <td>Zinc</td> <td>1.55</td> <td>1.2</td> <td>1.63</td> <td>SR synonymous to AG. Much flatter discharge curve than L. Slightly higher nominal capacity, much higher effective capacity for devices with higher cutoff voltage (eg. digital calipers). </td></tr> <tr> <td>P</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zinc-air_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Zinc-air battery">Zinc-air</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">Oxygen</a></td> <td>Alkali</td> <td>Zinc</td> <td>1.4</td> <td>1.2</td> <td>1.68</td> <td>High capacity. Activated by removing seal from vent. Electrolyte can dry out. </td></tr> <tr> <td>C</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithium_battery" title="Lithium battery">Lithium</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manganese_dioxide" title="Manganese dioxide">Manganese dioxide</a></td> <td>Organic</td> <td>Lithium</td> <td>3</td> <td>2.0</td> <td>3.7</td> <td>Very common. Gradual loss of voltage with discharge. </td></tr> <tr> <td>B</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carbon_monofluoride" title="Carbon monofluoride">Carbon monofluoride</a></td> <td>Organic</td> <td>Lithium</td> <td>3</td> <td>2.0</td> <td>3.7</td> <td>Similar to C, with better performance and lower self-discharge at higher temperatures; lower initial voltage, flatter discharge curve. </td></tr> <tr> <td>G</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Copper(II)_oxide" title="Copper(II) oxide">Copper oxide</a></td> <td>Organic</td> <td>Lithium</td> <td>1.5</td> <td>1.2</td> <td>2.3</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Z</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickel_oxyhydroxide_battery" title="Nickel oxyhydroxide battery">Nickel oxyhydroxide</a></td> <td>Manganese dioxide, nickel oxyhydroxide</td> <td>Alkali</td> <td>Zinc</td> <td>1.5</td> <td>?</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>E</td> <td>Thionyl chloride</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thionyl_chloride" title="Thionyl chloride">Thionyl chloride</a></td> <td>Organic</td> <td>Lithium</td> <td>3.6</td> <td>?</td> <td>3.9</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>F</td> <td>Iron sulfide</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iron_disulfide" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron disulfide">Iron disulfide</a></td> <td>Organic</td> <td>Lithium</td> <td>1.5</td> <td>?</td> <td>1.83</td> <td>Low temperature, high capacity </td></tr> <tr> <td>M, N (withdrawn)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercury_battery" title="Mercury battery">Mercury</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercuric_oxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercuric oxide">Mercuric oxide</a></td> <td>Alkali</td> <td>Zinc</td> <td>1.35/1.40</td> <td>1.1</td> <td>? </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>For types with stable voltage falling precipitously at end-of-life (cliff-top voltage-versus-time graph), the end-voltage is the value at the "cliff-edge", after which the voltage drops extremely rapidly. For types which lose voltage gradually (slope graph, no cliff-edge), the end-point is the voltage beyond which further discharge will cause damage to the battery and possibly the device it is powering, typically 1.0 or 0.9 V. </p><p>Common names are conventional rather than uniquely descriptive; for example, a <i>silver (oxide) cell</i> has an alkaline electrolyte. </p><p><i>L</i>, <i>S</i>, and <i>C</i> type cells are today the most commonly used types in <a href="/wiki/Quartz_watch" class="mw-redirect" title="Quartz watch">quartz watches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calculator" title="Calculator">calculators</a>, small <a href="/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">PDA</a> devices, computer clocks, and <a href="/wiki/Blinky_(novelty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blinky (novelty)">blinky lights</a>. Miniature <a href="/wiki/Zinc-air_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Zinc-air battery">zinc-air batteries</a> – <i>P</i> type – are used in <a href="/wiki/Hearing_aid" title="Hearing aid">hearing aids</a> and medical instruments. In the IEC system, larger cells may have no prefix for the chemical system, indicating they are <a href="/wiki/Zinc%E2%80%93carbon_battery" title="Zinc–carbon battery">zinc-carbon batteries</a>; such types are not available in button cell format. </p><p>The second letter, <b>R</b>, indicates a round (cylindrical) form. </p><p>The standard only describes primary batteries. Rechargeable types made in the same case size will carry a different prefix not given in the IEC standard, for example some <i>ML</i> and <i>LiR</i> button cells use rechargeable lithium technology. </p><p>For rechargeables, the IEC prefixes are: <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>H - alloy-nickel oxide with aqueous electrolyte, 1.2V</li> <li>K - cadmium-nickel oxide with aqueous electrolyte, 1.2V</li> <li>PB - lead-lead dioxide with sulfuric acid electrolyte, 2V</li> <li>IC - lithium-cobalt oxide with organic electrolyte, 3.8V</li> <li>IN - lithium-nickel oxide with organic electrolyte, 3.8V</li> <li>IM - lithium-manganese oxide with organic electrolyte, 3.8V</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Prefix </th> <th>Rechargeable </th> <th>Chemistry </th> <th>Nominal voltage (V) </th> <th>Comments </th></tr> <tr> <td>LPM, LiR, RJD, RCR</td> <td>yes</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery" title="Lithium-ion battery">Li-ion</a></td> <td>3.7</td> <td>sometimes called "rechargeable CR"; higher voltage than CR can cause damage when used as direct replacement, may be lowered with a serial diode or regulator </td></tr> <tr> <td>ML</td> <td>yes</td> <td>LiMnO2</td> <td>3</td> <td>"manganese"; -20..+60 °C, 2.8..3.2V charging; common for long-term memory/<a href="/wiki/Realtime_clock" class="mw-redirect" title="Realtime clock">RTC</a> backups; plateaus at 2.5V </td></tr> <tr> <td>MS</td> <td>yes</td> <td>LiMnSi</td> <td>3</td> <td>"manganese silicon"; -20..+60 °C, 2.8..3.3V charging; better charge/discharge characteristics than VL or ML; common for memory/RTC backups </td></tr> <tr> <td>VL</td> <td>yes</td> <td>LiV2O5</td> <td>3</td> <td>"vanadium", eg, VL1220, VL2020, VL2330, VL3032; -20..+60 °C, 3.25..3.55V charging; lower voltage drop on load </td></tr> <tr> <td>CTL</td> <td>yes</td> <td>CoTiLi</td> <td>2.3</td> <td>"cobalt titanium"; -20..+60 °C, 2.5..2.7V charging; common in solar watches, sometimes called "watch capacitor" </td></tr> <tr> <td>MT</td> <td>yes</td> <td>LiMnTi</td> <td>1.5</td> <td>"manganese titanium"; -10..+60 °C, 1.8..2.6V charging </td></tr> <tr> <td>V, MH</td> <td>yes</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickel%E2%80%93metal_hydride_battery" title="Nickel–metal hydride battery">NiMH</a></td> <td>1.2</td> <td>can replace LR/SR cells if lower voltage than 1.5V is not a problem </td></tr> <tr> <td>TL</td> <td>no</td> <td>LiSoCl2</td> <td>3.6</td> <td>"thionyl chloride"; for low temperatures </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Package_size">Package size</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button_cell&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Package size"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Button_cells_and_9v_cells_(3).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Button_cells_and_9v_cells_%283%29.png/330px-Button_cells_and_9v_cells_%283%29.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Button_cells_and_9v_cells_%283%29.png/495px-Button_cells_and_9v_cells_%283%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Button_cells_and_9v_cells_%283%29.png/660px-Button_cells_and_9v_cells_%283%29.png 2x" data-file-width="4100" data-file-height="1976" /></a><figcaption>Several sizes of button and coin cell with four 9 V batteries as a size comparison</figcaption></figure> <p>Package size of button batteries using standard names is indicated by a 2-digit code representing a standard case size, or a 3- or 4-digit code representing the cell diameter and height. The first one or two digits encode the outer diameter of the battery in whole millimeters, rounded down; exact diameters are specified by the standard, and there is no ambiguity; e.g., any cell with an initial <i>9</i> is 9.5 mm in diameter, no other value between 9.0 and 9.9 is used. The last two digits are the overall height in tenths of a millimeter. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Diameter codes (1st 1 or 2 digits) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Number <br />code </th> <th>Nominal <br />diameter (mm) </th> <th>Tolerance <br />(mm) </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>4</b></td> <td>4.8</td> <td>±0.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>5</b></td> <td>5.8</td> <td>±0.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>6</b></td> <td>6.8</td> <td>±0.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>7</b></td> <td>7.9</td> <td>±0.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>9</b></td> <td>9.5</td> <td>±0.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>10</b></td> <td>10.0</td> <td>±0.20 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>11</b></td> <td>11.6</td> <td>±0.20 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>12</b></td> <td>12.5</td> <td>±0.25 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>16</b></td> <td>16.0</td> <td>±0.25 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>20</b></td> <td>20.0</td> <td>±0.25 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>23</b></td> <td>23.0</td> <td>±0.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>24</b></td> <td>24.5</td> <td>±0.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>44</b></td> <td>11.6</td> <td>±0.20 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Examples: </p> <ul><li>CR2032: lithium, 20 mm diameter, 3.2 mm height, 220 mAh</li> <li>CR2032H; lithium, 20 mm diameter, 3.2 mm height 240 mAh</li> <li>CR2025: lithium, 20 mm diameter, 2.5 mm height, 170 mAh</li> <li>SR516: silver, 5.8 mm diameter, 1.6 mm height</li> <li>LR1154/SR1154: alkaline/silver, 11.6 mm diameter, 5.4 mm height. The two-digit codes LR44/SR44 are often used for this size</li></ul> <p>Some coin cells, particularly lithium, are made with solder tabs for permanent installation, such as to power memory for configuration information of a device. The complete nomenclature will have prefixes and suffixes to indicate special terminal arrangements. For example, there is a plug-in and a solder-in CR2032, a plug-in and three solder-in BR2330s in addition to CR2330s, and many rechargeables in 2032, 2330, and other sizes.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Letter_suffix">Letter suffix</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button_cell&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Letter suffix"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the package code, the following additional letters may optionally appear in the type designation to indicate the electrolyte used: </p> <ul><li>P: <a href="/wiki/Potassium_hydroxide" title="Potassium hydroxide">potassium hydroxide</a> electrolyte</li> <li>S: <a href="/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide">sodium hydroxide</a> electrolyte</li> <li>No letter: organic electrolyte</li> <li>SW: low drain type for quartz watches (analog or digital) without light, alarm, or chronograph functions</li> <li>W: high drain type for all quartz watches, calculators and cameras. The battery complies with all the requirements of the international IEC 60086-3<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> standard for watch batteries.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battery-lithium-cr2032.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Battery-lithium-cr2032.jpg/150px-Battery-lithium-cr2032.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Battery-lithium-cr2032.jpg/225px-Battery-lithium-cr2032.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Battery-lithium-cr2032.jpg/300px-Battery-lithium-cr2032.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption>Type CR2032 watch battery (lithium anode, 3 V, 20.0 mm × 3.2 mm)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LeakedBattery_2585a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/LeakedBattery_2585a.jpg/150px-LeakedBattery_2585a.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/LeakedBattery_2585a.jpg/225px-LeakedBattery_2585a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/LeakedBattery_2585a.jpg/300px-LeakedBattery_2585a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1439" data-file-height="1451" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Battery_leakage" title="Battery leakage">Leaked</a> and corroded button cell</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_package_markings">Other package markings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button_cell&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other package markings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apart from the type code described in the preceding section, watch batteries should also be marked with </p> <ul><li>the name or trademark of the manufacturer or supplier;</li> <li>the polarity (+);</li> <li>the date of manufacturing.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_codes">Date codes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button_cell&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Date codes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Often a 2-letter code (sometimes on the side of the battery) where the first letter identifies the manufacturer and the second is the year of manufacture. For example: </p> <ul><li>YN – the letter N is the 14th letter in the alphabet – indicates the cell was manufactured in 2014.</li></ul> <p>There is no universal standard. </p><p>The manufacturing date can be abbreviated to the last digit of the year, followed by a digit or letter indicating the month, where O, Y, and Z are used for October, November and December, respectively (e.g., 01 = January 2010 or 2000, 9Y = November 2019 or 2009). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common_manufacturer_code">Common manufacturer code</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button_cell&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Common manufacturer code"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A code used by some manufacturers is <i>AG</i> (alkaline) or <i>SG</i> (silver) followed by a number, as follows </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>G code</th> <th>IEC code </th></tr> <tr> <td>xG0</td> <td>521 </td></tr> <tr> <td>xG1</td> <td>621 </td></tr> <tr> <td>xG2</td> <td>726 </td></tr> <tr> <td>xG3</td> <td>736 </td></tr> <tr> <td>xG4</td> <td>626 </td></tr> <tr> <td>xG5</td> <td>754 </td></tr> <tr> <td>xG6</td> <td>920 or 921 </td></tr> <tr> <td>xG7</td> <td>926 or 927 </td></tr> <tr> <td>xG8</td> <td>1120 or 1121 </td></tr> <tr> <td>xG9</td> <td>936 </td></tr> <tr> <td>xG10</td> <td>1130 or 1131 </td></tr> <tr> <td>xG11</td> <td>721 </td></tr> <tr> <td>xG12</td> <td>1142 </td></tr> <tr> <td>xG13</td> <td>1154 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>To those familiar with the <a href="/wiki/Ag_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ag (element)">chemical symbol for silver, Ag</a>, this may suggest incorrectly that AG cells are silver. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rechargeable_variants">Rechargeable variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button_cell&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Rechargeable variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_cells_being_tested.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Coin_cells_being_tested.jpg/170px-Coin_cells_being_tested.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Coin_cells_being_tested.jpg/255px-Coin_cells_being_tested.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Coin_cells_being_tested.jpg/340px-Coin_cells_being_tested.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Coin cells being tested</figcaption></figure><p>In addition to disposable (single use) button cells, <a href="/wiki/Rechargeable_battery" title="Rechargeable battery">rechargeable batteries</a> in many of the same sizes are available, with lower capacity than disposable cells. Disposable and rechargeable batteries are manufactured to fit into a holder or with solder tags for permanent connection. In equipment with a battery holder, disposable or rechargeable batteries may be used, if the voltage is compatible. </p><p>A typical use for a small rechargeable battery (in coin or other format) is to back up the settings of equipment which is normally permanently mains-powered, in the case of power failure. For example, many central heating controllers store operation times and similar information in <a href="/wiki/Volatile_memory" title="Volatile memory">volatile memory</a>, lost in the case of power failure. It is usual for such systems to include a backup battery, either a disposable in a holder (current drain is extremely low and life is long) or a soldered-in rechargeable.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rechargeable <a href="/wiki/Nickel-cadmium_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickel-cadmium battery">NiCd</a> button cells were often components of the backup battery of older computers; non-rechargeable lithium button cells with a lifetime of several years are used in later equipment. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lithium_battery#Chemistries" title="Lithium battery">Lithium battery § Chemistries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery#Shapes" title="Lithium-ion battery">Lithium-ion battery § Shapes</a></div> <p>Rechargeable batteries typically have the same dimension-based numeric code with different letters; thus CR2032 is a disposable battery while ML2032, VL2032 and LIR2032 are rechargeables that fit in the same holder if not fitted with solder tags. It is mechanically possible, though hazardous, to fit a disposable battery in a holder intended for a rechargeable; holders are fitted in parts of equipment only accessible by service personnel in such cases. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_issues">Health issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button_cell&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Health issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accidental_ingestion">Accidental ingestion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button_cell&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Accidental ingestion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Keep-out-of-reach-of-children.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Keep-out-of-reach-of-children.svg/170px-Keep-out-of-reach-of-children.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Keep-out-of-reach-of-children.svg/255px-Keep-out-of-reach-of-children.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Keep-out-of-reach-of-children.svg/340px-Keep-out-of-reach-of-children.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1347" data-file-height="1347" /></a><figcaption>KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN icon required by IEC 60086-4<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Button cells are attractive to small children; they may put them in their mouth and swallow them. The ingested battery can cause significant damage to internal organs. The battery reacts with bodily fluids, such as mucus or saliva, creating a circuit which can release an alkali that is strong enough to burn through human tissue.<sup id="cite_ref-GOSH_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GOSH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SN_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SN-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Swallowed batteries can cause damage to the lining of the <a href="/wiki/Esophagus" title="Esophagus">esophagus</a>, and can create a hole in the esophagus lining in two hours.<sup id="cite_ref-GOSH_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GOSH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In severe cases, damage can cause a passage between the esophagus and the <a href="/wiki/Trachea" title="Trachea">trachea</a>. Swallowed button cells can damage the vocal cords. They can even burn through the blood vessels in the chest area, including the <a href="/wiki/Aorta" title="Aorta">aorta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GOSH_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GOSH-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, 44 child deaths were reported from button battery ingestion in 2002–2021.<sup id="cite_ref-SN_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SN-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a>, England, with a population of 2,700,000, two children between 12 months and six years old died, and five suffered life-changing injuries, in the 18 months leading up to October 2014. In the United States, on average, over 3,000 pediatric ingestions of button batteries are reported annually. The proportion of major and fatal outcomes is increasing.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coin cells of diameter 20 mm or greater cause the most serious injuries, even if expended and intact.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Auckland, New Zealand as of 2018 there are about 20 cases per year requiring hospitalization.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Duracell" title="Duracell">Duracell</a> announced that they were coating some of their lithium button cells with a <a href="/wiki/Bitterant" title="Bitterant">bitterant</a> compound to discourage children from ingesting them.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An alternative solution is to <a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">design</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Litigate" class="mw-redirect" title="Litigate">litigate</a>) the offending cells, mostly 20mm <a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">lithium</a> cells, out of the supply chain.<sup id="cite_ref-BBs_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBs-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Children most at risk of button battery ingestion are those aged 5 years and under.<sup id="cite_ref-BBs_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBs-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three child deaths in Australia reveal that in each case: i) the ingestion was not witnessed, ii) the source of the battery remains unknown, iii) initial <a href="/wiki/Misdiagnosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Misdiagnosis">misdiagnosis</a> delayed appropriate intervention, iv) diagnosis was confirmed by X-ray, v) in each case the battery lodged in the child's oesophagus, vi) the offending batteries were 20mm lithium cells, vii) death occurred 19 days to 3 weeks after ingestion.<sup id="cite_ref-BBs_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBs-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presenting symptoms of button cell ingestion may be misdiagnosed and attributed to common non life-threatening childhood maladies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mercury_and_cadmium">Mercury and cadmium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button_cell&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mercury and cadmium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some button cells contain <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">cadmium</a>, which are toxic. In early 2013 the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_Committee_on_the_Environment,_Public_Health_and_Food_Safety" title="European Parliament Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety">European Parliament Environment Committee</a> voted for a ban on the export and import of a range of mercury-containing products such as button cells and other batteries, to be imposed from 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-EU_Dir._Summary_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EU_Dir._Summary-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button_cell&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battery_sizes" title="List of battery sizes">List of battery sizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battery_types" title="List of battery types">List of battery types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_recycling" title="Battery recycling">Battery recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_cardiac_pacemaker" title="Artificial cardiac pacemaker">Artificial cardiac pacemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Implantable_cardioverter-defibrillator" title="Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator">Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button_cell&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BBC,_2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC,_2016_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-37435364">"See what a button battery can do to a child's throat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a></i>. 22 September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160922220446/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-37435364">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Online&rft.atitle=See+what+a+button+battery+can+do+to+a+child%27s+throat&rft.date=2016-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fhealth-37435364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/news/duracell-is-making-coin-batteries-taste-horrible-on-purpose">"Duracell Is Making Coin Batteries Taste Horrible on Purpose"</a>. <i>PCMAG</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PCMAG&rft.atitle=Duracell+Is+Making+Coin+Batteries+Taste+Horrible+on+Purpose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcmag.com%2Fnews%2Fduracell-is-making-coin-batteries-taste-horrible-on-purpose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Hyundai-791-522-Alkaline-button/dp/B000N209OM">Alkaline button cell</a>. amazon.co.uk. A card marked with the name Hyundai with 30 button cells in 5 sizes made in China, stating that they are alkaline but with pictures of watches, calculators, etc. is sold for prices ranging from about £1 to £4 in the UK</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-energizer2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-energizer2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-energizer2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.energizer.com/">Energizer website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090828093736/http://data.energizer.com/">Archived</a> 2009-08-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, with datasheets for many batteries of several chemistries</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.truetex.com/buttons.htm">Buying Button Cells for Digital Calipers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100727054346/http://www.truetex.com/buttons.htm">Archived</a> 2010-07-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Truetex.com. Retrieved on 2015-11-08.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-battery-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-battery_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.davehylands.com/Machinist/Caliper-Batteries/">Caliper Battery Life</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100621072728/http://www.davehylands.com/Machinist/Caliper-Batteries/">Archived</a> 2010-06-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Davehylands.com. Retrieved on 2015-11-08.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Battery Standards and Sizes. (2005). Batteries for Portable Devices, 29–32. doi:10.1016/b978-044451672-5/50003-x </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panasonic.com/industrial/batteries-oem/oem/primary-coin-cylindrical/br-cr.aspx">Panasonic CR battery data page</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130702222839/http://www.panasonic.com/industrial/batteries-oem/oem/primary-coin-cylindrical/br-cr.aspx">Archived</a> 2013-07-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, showing many batteries in plug-in and horizontal and vertical solder versions. The same site lists rechargeable cells with various chemistries, in the same sizes and options as disposable batteries of the same size code and hence mechanically interchangeable, though carrying risks of malfunctioning and damage.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webstore.iec.ch/p-preview/info_iec60086-3%7Bed2.0%7Den_d.pdf">IEC 60086-3 Standard for Watch Batteries (withdrawn)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130627045835/http://webstore.iec.ch/p-preview/info_iec60086-3%7Bed2.0%7Den_d.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-06-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (PDF) . Just scope/preview. Retrieved on 2015-11-08.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kiddefirex.co.uk/utcfs/ws-5250/Assets/Datasheet%20KF3.pdf">Datasheet of a mains-powered smoke alarm, with models backed up by disposable battery or by rechargeable UL2330 button battery</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130805050433/http://www.kiddefirex.co.uk/utcfs/ws-5250/Assets/Datasheet%20KF3.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-08-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Kiddefirex.co.uk (2015-10-01). Retrieved on 2015-11-08.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Clause 9: Marking and packaging". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec60086-4%7Bed5.0.RLV%7Den.pdf"><i><span></span></i>IEC 60086-4:2019<i> Primary batteries - Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Geneva: IEC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-8322-6808-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-8322-6808-7"><bdi>978-2-8322-6808-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Clause+9%3A+Marking+and+packaging&rft.btitle=IEC+60086-4%3A2019+Primary+batteries+-+Part+4%3A+Safety+of+lithium+batteries&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=IEC&rft.isbn=978-2-8322-6808-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebstore.iec.ch%2Fpreview%2Finfo_iec60086-4%257Bed5.0.RLV%257Den.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GOSH-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GOSH_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GOSH_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GOSH_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gosh.nhs.uk/conditions-and-treatments/conditions-we-treat/button-batteries-using-them-safely">"Button batteries – using them safely"</a>. <i>Great Ormond Street Hospital</i>. Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children. October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Risk+of+swallowing+deadly+button+batteries+prompts+new+industry+safety+policy&rft.date=2018-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Flife-style%2Fparenting%2F101091235%2Frisk-of-swallowing-deadly-button-batteries-prompts-new-industry-safety-policy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGartenberg2020" class="citation web cs1">Gartenberg, Chaim (2020-09-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2020/9/29/21493443/duracell-new-coin-batteries-bitter-coating-taste-terrible-child-protection">"Duracell's new coin batteries have a bitter coating that makes them taste terrible"</a>. <i>The Verge</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Duracell%27s+new+coin+batteries+have+a+bitter+coating+that+makes+them+taste+terrible&rft.date=2020-09-29&rft.aulast=Gartenberg&rft.aufirst=Chaim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2020%2F9%2F29%2F21493443%2Fduracell-new-coin-batteries-bitter-coating-taste-terrible-child-protection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBs-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBs_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBs_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBs_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paull, John (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academia.edu/49259463/Button_Batteries_and_Child_Deaths_Market_Failure_of_Unsafe_Products">Button batteries and child deaths: Market failure of unsafe products</a>, International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Research, 2021, 5(3), 297–303</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EU_Dir._Summary-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EU_Dir._Summary_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/eubattdirectivesummary.pdf">"EUBatteryDirective (2006/66/EC) Summary"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>8 December 2009</i>. Eveready Battery Company, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120710210826/http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/eubattdirectivesummary.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=8+December+2009&rft.atitle=EUBatteryDirective+%282006%2F66%2FEC%29+Summary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.energizer.com%2FPDFs%2Feubattdirectivesummary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton+cell" class="Z3988"></span>148 Kb</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32013L0056">"Directive 2013/56/EU amending Directive 2006/66/EC"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304235055/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32013L0056">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, European Parliament & Council, 20 November 2013, Retrieved 7 April 2015</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button_cell&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>IEC 60086-3: Primary batteries – Part 3: Watch batteries. <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International Electrotechnical Commission</a>, Geneva, 1995. (also: BS EN 60086-3:1996)</li> <li>Sample of data sheets available from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.energizer.com">Energizer</a> : <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/cr2032.pdf">"CR2032 Technical Details"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CR2032+Technical+Details&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.energizer.com%2FPDFs%2Fcr2032.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton+cell" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(56.2 <a href="/wiki/Kibibyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibibyte">KiB</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sustainableproduction.org/downloads/MaineDEPButtonBatteryReportFinal12-17-04.pdf">"An Investigation of Alternatives to Miniature Batteries Containing Mercury"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Investigation+of+Alternatives+to+Miniature+Batteries+Containing+Mercury&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sustainableproduction.org%2Fdownloads%2FMaineDEPButtonBatteryReportFinal12-17-04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton+cell" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(440 <a href="/wiki/Kibibyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibibyte">KiB</a>)</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button_cell&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Button_cells" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Button cells">Button cells</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zbattery.com/Coin-Cell-Reference.html">Coin cell reference table</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.watchbattery.co.uk/Watch_Battery_Cross_Reference_Table.php">Watch battery cross reference table</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102015107/http://image.sciencenet.cn/olddata/kexue.com.cn/bbs/upload/15791IEC60086-2_%7B10%5b1%5d%5b1%5d.1%7D(2001-10).pdf">"IEC 60086-2 Primary batteries – Part 2: Physical and electrical specifications"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://image.sciencenet.cn/olddata/kexue.com.cn/bbs/upload/15791IEC60086-2_%7B10%5b1%5d%5b1%5d.1%7D(2001-10).pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-11-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IEC+60086-2+Primary+batteries+%E2%80%93+Part+2%3A+Physical+and+electrical+specifications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimage.sciencenet.cn%2Folddata%2Fkexue.com.cn%2Fbbs%2Fupload%2F15791IEC60086-2_%257B10%5B1%5D%5B1%5D.1%257D%282001-10%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton+cell" class="Z3988"></span> (includes discharge characteristics)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:266:0001:0014:en:PDF">"DIRECTIVE 2006/66/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DIRECTIVE+2006%2F66%2FEC+OF+THE+EUROPEAN+PARLIAMENT+AND+OF+THE+COUNCIL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2FLexUriServ%2FLexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DOJ%3AL%3A2006%3A266%3A0001%3A0014%3Aen%3APDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton+cell" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(407 Kb)</span> 6 September 2006 (re recycling and disposal of batteries)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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