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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Battle of Colachel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Colachel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appointment_as_Travancore_army_commander" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appointment_as_Travancore_army_commander"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Appointment as Travancore army commander</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appointment_as_Travancore_army_commander-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forts_built_under_De_Lennoy's_supervision" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forts_built_under_De_Lennoy's_supervision"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Forts built under De Lennoy's supervision</span> </div> </a> <button 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military commander of the Travancore army</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_Lannoy_Surrender.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/De_Lannoy_Surrender.JPG/300px-De_Lannoy_Surrender.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/De_Lannoy_Surrender.JPG/450px-De_Lannoy_Surrender.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/De_Lannoy_Surrender.JPG/600px-De_Lannoy_Surrender.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Depiction at <a href="/wiki/Padmanabhapuram_Palace" title="Padmanabhapuram Palace">Padmanabhapuram Palace</a> of De Lannoy's surrender at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Colachel" title="Battle of Colachel">Battle of Colachel</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Eustachius Benedictus de Lannoy</b><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation"><span title="Dutch IPA transcription needed for this term.">needs IPA</span></a></i>]</sup> (also sometimes called 'Captain De Lannoy') (30 December 1715 – 1 June 1777, <a href="/wiki/Udayagiri_Fort" title="Udayagiri Fort">Udayagiri Fort</a>) was a skilled military strategist and commander of the <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a> army, under <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Marthanda_Varma" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja Marthanda Varma">Maharaja Marthanda Varma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De Lannoy, originally a Dutch naval officer, arrived with a Dutch naval force at <a href="/wiki/Colachel" title="Colachel">Colachel</a> in 1741 sent by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a>, or Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) with the objective of instituting a trading post for the company at Colachel. The company was the world's first joint-stock company and was the largest multinational company. It was a very rich corporation and had its own naval fleet to protect its trade and maritime establishments.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to establish the trade post, the Dutch force had to engage the Travancore army. They subsequently defeated the Dutch naval force at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Colachel" title="Battle of Colachel">Battle of Colachel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De Lannoy, who was captured in the battle, subsequently earned the trust of the king, <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Marthanda_Varma" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja Marthanda Varma">Maharaja Marthanda Varma</a>, who made him an officer in the Travancore military.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Lannoy trained the army on European lines and, in the course of time, became a valiant and successful commander of the same army that had defeated his Dutch forces. Captain de Lannoy, who joined his service, was promoted to the Senior Admiral (Valiya Kappithan), and modernised the Travancore army by introducing firearms and artillery.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His role as military commander of the <a href="/wiki/Nair_Brigade" title="Nair Brigade">Travancore</a> army was instrumental in the later military successes and exploits of Travancore under Maharaja Marthanda Varma<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Dharma_Raja" title="Dharma Raja">Dharmaraja</a>. </p><p>Though he served the Dutch, the origin of Captain de Lannoy was from France. He was part of the <a href="/wiki/Delano_family" title="Delano family">Delano family</a> or <a href="/wiki/De_Lannoy_family" class="mw-redirect" title="De Lannoy family">de Lannoy family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eustachius_De_Lannoy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Lannoy was born on December 30, 1715, in <a href="/wiki/Arras" title="Arras">Arras</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He belonged to the <a href="/wiki/De_Lannoy_family" class="mw-redirect" title="De Lannoy family">de Lannoy family</a>, an immigrant noble family from the Franco-Belgian border town of Lannoy.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a Roman Catholic and early in his life he joined the Dutch East India Company. Over time, he became an expert in constructions for fortifications.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He arrived in Colombo, Ceylon (present Sri Lanka) in 1737, where General Imhoff was stationed. General Imhoff had a liking towards De Lannoy and he took him to Travancore in 1739. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle_of_Colachel">Battle of Colachel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eustachius_De_Lannoy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Battle of Colachel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VOC-Amsterdam.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/VOC-Amsterdam.svg/250px-VOC-Amsterdam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/VOC-Amsterdam.svg/375px-VOC-Amsterdam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/VOC-Amsterdam.svg/500px-VOC-Amsterdam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="149" data-file-height="207" /></a><figcaption> Logo of the Dutch East India Company</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kulachal_port.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Kulachal_port.jpg/250px-Kulachal_port.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Kulachal_port.jpg/375px-Kulachal_port.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Kulachal_port.jpg/500px-Kulachal_port.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>Colachel port in 1900s</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Colachel" title="Battle of Colachel">Battle of Colachel</a></div> <dl><dt>Background</dt></dl> <p>The Dutch East India Company wanted to acquire and monopolize the trade of pepper and other spices, which was sourced from the Kingdom of Kayamkulam and sold in the European markets at exorbitant prices . The negotiations with the Travancore the king Maharaja Marthanda Varma was futile, and it was decided to use military pressure against him. </p><p>In the 1730s, prior to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Colachel" title="Battle of Colachel">Battle of Colachel</a> and the arrival of De Lannoy, <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Marthanda_Varma" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja Marthanda Varma">Maharaja Marthanda Varma</a> had annexed some territories to the north of his Kingdom and was also at confrontation with <a href="/wiki/Kayamkulam" title="Kayamkulam">Kayamkulam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06b_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06b-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch governor at <a href="/wiki/Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin">Cochin</a>, M.A. Maten, took sides with the Maharaja's adversaries.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06b_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06b-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This put the Dutch on a direct confrontation course with <a href="/wiki/Marthanda_Varma" title="Marthanda Varma">Marthanda Varma</a>. Marthanda warma was bent on annexing Kayamkulam which would become futile for the Dutch company.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a visit to <a href="/wiki/Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin">Cochin</a> in 1739, the Dutch governor of <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustaaf_Willem_van_Imhoff" title="Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff">Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff</a>, made a report to his government on the interferences of the Maharaja in the affairs of the smaller Malabar kingdoms.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06b_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06b-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subsequent year, the Governor gave a direct warning to the Maharaja, threatening an invasion of <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a> territories.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06b_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06b-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1741, the Dutch also restored to the throne, the young princess of Elayadathu Swarupam who had been deposed by the Maharaja.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06b_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06b-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When this came to the knowledge of the Maharaja, he attacked the Elayadathu Princess and the Dutch.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch were defeated and the Princess fled to <a href="/wiki/Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin">Cochin</a>. <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Marthanda_Varma" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja Marthanda Varma">Maharaja Marthanda Varma</a> also attacked and captured the Dutch forts in <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dutch now planned for an attack on <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a>. They called for reinforcements from the Dutch settlements in <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06b_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06b-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, Eustachius De Lannoy and his Dutch naval expedition went on a mission to defeat the Maharaja and take over his territories. His forces landed near Colachel, at <a href="/wiki/Thengapattanam" title="Thengapattanam">Thengapattanam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midalam" title="Midalam">Midalam</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadiapattinam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadiapattinam (page does not exist)">Kadiapattinam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, Marthanda Varma and the main part of his army were away in the northern territories.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>The battle</dt></dl> <p>The Dutch forces initially took over the lands from <a href="/wiki/Colachel" title="Colachel">Colachel</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kottar" title="Kottar">Kottar</a> (in present-day <a href="/wiki/Nagercoil" title="Nagercoil">Nagercoil</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their next aim was to proceed to capture <a href="/wiki/Padmanabhapuram" title="Padmanabhapuram">Padmanabhapuram</a>, the capital.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But soon the Travancore forces arrived from the North under the direct command of Marthanda Varma and his minister, <a href="/wiki/Ramayyan_Dalawa" title="Ramayyan Dalawa">Ramayyan Dalawa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and commanders of the Travancore Nair army, </p><p>The two forces met at <a href="/wiki/Colachel" title="Colachel">Colachel</a> on 10 August 1741 (<a href="/wiki/Old_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Style">O.S.</a> 31 July 1741).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Lannoy's military contingent was superior in that, it had firearms and artillery and was better equipped and trained, but was no match to the tactics and aggressiveness used by the <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a> forces at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Colachel" title="Battle of Colachel">Battle of Colachel</a>. Legends states that a tiny spark to the gun powder stock in their ship buried all their rice reserves. The foodless army had no other go than surrendering to the Travancore contingent.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, the Dutch were helpless against the cavalry of Travancore. The local legends state that, in accordance with the orders of the Maharajah, the local fisherfolk had made cannon replicas, diverting the attention of the Dutch. This battle is important as it marked the decline of Dutch influence in India. </p><p>In all, twenty-four Dutch officers were imprisoned, including De Lannoy and Donadi, while the rest of the Dutchmen either retreated to their ships or were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appointment_as_Travancore_army_commander">Appointment as Travancore army commander</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eustachius_De_Lannoy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Appointment as Travancore army commander"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dutch prisoners expressed their willingness to serve the Maharaja of Travancore. De Lannoy was entrusted with the job of training a Regiment of the army in European tactics of war and discipline.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Lannoy performed this task to the satisfaction of <a href="/wiki/Marthanda_Varma" title="Marthanda Varma">Marthanda Varma</a> who appointed him captain.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Donadi also was given a high military post.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De-Lannoy gave attention to the reorganization of the army of Travancore which consisted of 50,000 troops of all branches such as infantry, cavalry, artillery and irregular troops, trained and drilled on Western lines under his direction and supervision </p><p>De Lannoy organized the Travancore army on European lines, introduced gunpowder and firearms, hitherto not used in the kingdom, and increased the regiments and improved defence fortifications.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Captain De Lannoy was a skilled military strategist. His military skills, combined with the tactics of the <a href="/wiki/Dewan" title="Dewan">Dewan</a> of Travancore, <a href="/wiki/Ramayyan_Dalawa" title="Ramayyan Dalawa">Ramayyan Dalawa</a>, and statesmanship of <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Marthanda_Varma" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja Marthanda Varma">Maharaja Marthanda Varma</a> proved very effective in the future military exploitations and annexations of the Northern kingdoms up to <a href="/wiki/Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin">Cochin</a> over a period of time. They defeated and annexed <a href="/wiki/Quilon" class="mw-redirect" title="Quilon">Quilon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kayamkulam" title="Kayamkulam">Kayamkulam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kottarakkara" title="Kottarakkara">Kottarakkara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pandalam" title="Pandalam">Pandalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambalapuzha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambalapuzha">Ambalapuzha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edappally" title="Edappally">Edappally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thekkumkoor" class="mw-redirect" title="Thekkumkoor">Thekkumkoor</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vadakkumkoor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vadakkumkoor (page does not exist)">Vadakkumkoor</a> with <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a>. </p><p>Captain De Lannoy's military skills and loyalty were recognised not only by the king and his state officials, but also by the subjects of Travancore, who called him by the nom de guerre "<i>Valiya Kappithaan </i>", meaning 'The Great Captain'.<sup id="cite_ref-Aiya06_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aiya06-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forts_built_under_De_Lennoy's_supervision"><span id="Forts_built_under_De_Lennoy.27s_supervision"></span>Forts built under De Lennoy's supervision</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eustachius_De_Lannoy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Forts built under De Lennoy's supervision"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nedumkotta">Nedumkotta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eustachius_De_Lannoy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Nedumkotta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nedumkotta" title="Nedumkotta">Nedumkotta</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nedumkotta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nedumkotta.jpg/250px-Nedumkotta.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nedumkotta.jpg/375px-Nedumkotta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nedumkotta.jpg/500px-Nedumkotta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2004" data-file-height="1476" /></a><figcaption> Relics of Nedumkotta in Thrissur District</figcaption></figure> <p>De Lannoy built the <a href="/wiki/Nedumkotta" title="Nedumkotta">Nedumkotta</a>, a line of fortifications in the North of the Kingdom, known as the Travancore Lines.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This fortification proved immensely useful in defending the kingdom against the attacks of <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a> and other marauders. The Wall was well-fortified and garrisoned. It had mounds, underground tunnels, barracks, arsenals and supply depots. It was a great stoppage to any invader coming from the north.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was erased by <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a> in an act of revenge for having been defeated in his attempt to subdue Travancore in 1789. It had a length of 40 km and extended from the sea near Vypeen Island to the Western ghats. Just before returning to Mysore after his failed attempt, he spent six days to demolish the lines which he called the 'Contemptible Wall'. He had sworn to demolish it earlier after his failed attempt to breach it on 28 December 1789, and lost 2000 soldiers in that single night, due to the spirited defence by the Cadres, for the loss of just a few soldiers of Travancore. </p><p>Many other forts like the <a href="/wiki/Vattakottai_Fort" title="Vattakottai Fort">Vattakottai Fort</a> facing the sea near <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanyakumari (town)">Kanyakumari</a>, the hill-forts of Savakkotta, and the Marunnu Kotta (Ammunition fort) near <a href="/wiki/Padmanabhapuram" title="Padmanabhapuram">Padmanabhapuram</a> were built under De Lannoy's supervision. </p><p>De Lannoy is also credited with the erection of some other small forts and tunnels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Padmanabhapuram_fort">Padmanabhapuram fort</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eustachius_De_Lannoy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Padmanabhapuram fort"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The palace fort of Padmanabhapuram was constructed for to save the palace and for the safety of the king who lived in the Padmanabhapuram palace. The fort has an area of 187 acres. The Padmanabhapuram fort was built with mud originally was disassembled and reconstructed with granite rocks. The height of the walls varies from 15 feet to 24 feet according to the inclination of the ground. The thickness of the fort wall was 35 feet.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Udayagiri_fort">Udayagiri fort</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eustachius_De_Lannoy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Udayagiri fort"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_lannoy_Tomb.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/De_lannoy_Tomb.JPG/250px-De_lannoy_Tomb.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/De_lannoy_Tomb.JPG/375px-De_lannoy_Tomb.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/De_lannoy_Tomb.JPG/500px-De_lannoy_Tomb.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>De Lannoy's Tomb at <a href="/wiki/Udayagiri_Fort" title="Udayagiri Fort">Udayagiri Fort</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanyakumari (town)">Kanyakumari</a>-<a href="/wiki/Trivandrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Trivandrum">Trivandrum</a> highway.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Udayagiri Fort is situated nearly one kilometer away from Thuckalay. De-Lannoy reconstructed and fortified the fort at Udayagiri, which was built in 1742 A.D. The Udayagiri Fort walls and ramparts which are 18 feet high and 15 feet thickness with parapets averaging 4 feet in height are faced with huge blocks of well arranged granite.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The space between the inner and the outer ramparts consisted of mud. Besides the gateway there are smaller doors near three bastions. The Udayagiri Fort served as a military base during the reign of Marthanda Varma which was supervised by Captain De-Lannoy<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cannon_Factory">Cannon Factory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eustachius_De_Lannoy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cannon Factory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He built a factory to produce war materials such as cannon balls. These were heavy artillery materials made of pure iron. The weight of such cannon balls ranged from 30 kgs to 1800 kgs.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vattakkottai">Vattakkottai</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eustachius_De_Lannoy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Vattakkottai"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vattakottai_Fort" title="Vattakottai Fort">Vattakottai Fort</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vattakottai_Fort_and_Sea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Vattakottai_Fort_and_Sea.jpg/250px-Vattakottai_Fort_and_Sea.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Vattakottai_Fort_and_Sea.jpg/375px-Vattakottai_Fort_and_Sea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Vattakottai_Fort_and_Sea.jpg/500px-Vattakottai_Fort_and_Sea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4709" data-file-height="3139" /></a><figcaption>Vattakkottai and the sea</figcaption></figure> <p>De Lannoy repaired and strengthened the old fort that was built by Pandya kings. Vattakottai Fort is a specially built fort on the sea coastline on the southern tip of India. It was set up as the southern most sea coast defense area by the Dutch. Its a Rectangular shaped fort made of granite stones. As the corners are curved it presents itself as a circular shape and hence the name vattakkottai (Circular fort) <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fortification of Vattakottai was completed under the supervision of De-Lannoy assisted by Marthanda Pillai, a local chief. The fort covers an area of three and a half acres. The fort is enclosed by walls 25 to 26 feet high, including the parapet, 29 feet thick at the front, 18 feet at the corners and 6 feet at the rear. Inside the fort, there are watch towers which measures from 3 to 6 feet. THere are holes on the walls for the guns and ramps inside the ramparts for the cannons to be moved. This fort was built of stone and lime and it covered an area of 171800 square feet. The fort was strategically situated to carry out defensive maneuvers.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ammunition_Fort">Ammunition Fort</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eustachius_De_Lannoy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ammunition Fort"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This fort which is located one kilometer away from Padmanabhapuram was also built by Captain De Lannoy. It was earlier built to protect the Padmanabhapuram palace and was fortified by the Dutch captain. This fort was used to manufacture and store ammunition for the artilleries and fire arms produced at Udayagiri Fort.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_at_Udayagiri">Life at Udayagiri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eustachius_De_Lannoy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Life at Udayagiri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a Christian, De Lannoy was prohibited from entering the king's palace at <a href="/wiki/Padmanabhapuram" title="Padmanabhapuram">Padmanabhapuram</a>, so he resided primarily at <a href="/wiki/Udayagiri_Fort" title="Udayagiri Fort">Udayagiri Fort</a>, or <i>De Lannoy Kotta</i> (de Lannoy's Fort) as it is known locally, where he had also built a small chapel for his family and other Christians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conversion_of_saint_Devasahayam_Pillai">Conversion of saint Devasahayam Pillai</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eustachius_De_Lannoy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Conversion of saint Devasahayam Pillai"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At some point of his military career, De Lannoy got well acquainted with Neelakanta Pillai, a Nair palace official, who after learning of Christian traditions and beliefs through De Lannoy, converted to Christianity. As they both had influential roles under the king, they got well acquainted. Neelankanta Pillai took the baptised name of <a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a>. Devasahayam became a martyr of the Christian faith in 1752.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> church under <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> made <a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a> a <a href="/wiki/Beatified" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatified">beatified</a> laity of the church in 2012, and was made a <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saint</a> on 15 May 2022 by Pope Francis <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, De Lannoy had an important role in the conversion and Christian life of saint <a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eustachius_De_Lannoy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_lannoy_Tomb_-_Burial_Site.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/De_lannoy_Tomb_-_Burial_Site.JPG/200px-De_lannoy_Tomb_-_Burial_Site.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/De_lannoy_Tomb_-_Burial_Site.JPG/300px-De_lannoy_Tomb_-_Burial_Site.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/De_lannoy_Tomb_-_Burial_Site.JPG/400px-De_lannoy_Tomb_-_Burial_Site.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2323" data-file-height="2110" /></a><figcaption>De Lannoy's burial site at the tomb at <a href="/wiki/Udayagiri_Fort" title="Udayagiri Fort">Udayagiri Fort</a>, with inscriptions in Latin and Tamil.</figcaption></figure> <p>Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Marthanda_Varma" title="Marthanda Varma">Marthanda Varma</a> died in 1758, and De Lannoy served as military chief to his successor <a href="/wiki/Dharma_Raja" title="Dharma Raja">Dharma Raja</a>. De Lannoy died in 1777 and was interred in the chapel within <a href="/wiki/Udayagiri_Fort" title="Udayagiri Fort">Udayagiri Fort</a>. The tombs of De Lannoy and his family can be seen inside the church.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The English translation of the Latin inscription on his tombstone runs:<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Stand Traveller! Here lies Eustachius Benedictus De Lannoy: who was Commander of the general Travancore Army and for nearly thirty-seven years with the greatest faithfulness served the King, to whom by the strength and fear of his armies he subjugated all kingdoms from Kayangulam [Kayamkulam] to Cochin. He lived 62 years and 5 months and died first day of June 1777. May he rest in peace."</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eustachius_De_Lannoy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>De Lannoy's tomb is located at <a href="/wiki/Udayagiri_Fort" title="Udayagiri Fort">Udayagiri Fort</a>, on the present-day <a href="/wiki/Nagercoil" title="Nagercoil">Nagercoil</a>–<a href="/wiki/Trivandrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Trivandrum">Trivandrum</a> highway, near <a href="/wiki/Thuckalay" title="Thuckalay">Thuckalay</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabhapuram" title="Padmanabhapuram">Padmanabhapuram</a>, the capital of Travancore during the time of <a href="/wiki/Marthanda_Varma" title="Marthanda Varma">Marthanda Varma</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colachel" title="Colachel">Colachel</a>, where De Lannoy first landed as Commander of the Dutch fleet, is a small seaport in present-day <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanyakumari District">Kanyakumari District</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vattakottai_Fort" title="Vattakottai Fort">Vattakottai Fort</a> ("Circular Fort") is a seaside fort, close to <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanyakumari (town)">Kanyakumari</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eustachius_De_Lannoy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Eustachius_De_Lannoy" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Eustachius De Lannoy">Eustachius De Lannoy</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Aiya06-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aiya06_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aiya06_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aiya06_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aiya06_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aiya06_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aiya06_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aiya06_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aiya06_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aiya06_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aiya06_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aiya06_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aiya06_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aiya06_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aiya06_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aiya06_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aiya06_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aiya06_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAiya1906" class="citation book cs1">Aiya, V. Nagam (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/travancorestate00aiyagoog/page/n11/mode/2up"><i>The Travancore state manual</i></a>. 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Nagam</a> (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/travancorestate00aiyagoog"><i>Travancore State Manual</i></a>. Travancore Government Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Travancore+State+Manual&rft.pub=Travancore+Government+Press&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Aiya&rft.aufirst=V.+Nagam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftravancorestate00aiyagoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEustachius+De+Lannoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Bibliography</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoshy1989" class="citation book cs1">Koshy, M. O. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ro8SLhyAc9AC"><i>The Dutch Power in Kerala, 1729-1758</i></a>. Mittal Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-136-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-136-6"><bdi>978-81-7099-136-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dutch+Power+in+Kerala%2C+1729-1758&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-81-7099-136-6&rft.aulast=Koshy&rft.aufirst=M.+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dro8SLhyAc9AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEustachius+De+Lannoy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>M. DE LANNOY, "Een Zuidnederlander in dienst van de Radja van Travancore : Eustache Benoît de Lannoy (1715-1777)", in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koninckx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koninckx (page does not exist)">C. KONINCKX</a> ed. <i>Vlamingen overzee. Flamands en outre-mer. Flemings overseas</i>, Brussels: Paleis der Academiën (Koninklijke Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van België, Wetenschappelijk comité voor maritieme geschiedenis), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collectanea_Maritima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collectanea Maritima (page does not exist)">Collectanea Maritima</a> no. 6, 1995;</li> <li>M. DE LANNOY, "European soldiers in the service of Travancore in the eighteenth century", in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Everaert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Everaert (page does not exist)">J. EVERAERT</a> & J. PARMENTIER eds <i>International Conference on Shipping, Factories and Colonization</i> (Brussels, 24–26 November 1994), Brussels: Paleis der Academiën (Koninklijke Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van België, Wetenschappelijk comité voor maritieme geschiedenis), Verhandelingen van de Koninklijke Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van België, Speciale Uitgaven no. 37, 1996;</li> <li>M. DE LANNOY, <i>The Kulasekhara Perumals of Travancore. History and State Formation in Travancore from 1671 to 1758</i>, Leiden: University of Leiden, CNWS publications No. 58, 1997. Travancore Archaeological series Vol VI, A.S. Ramanatha Ayyar Cultural Publications Department 2003.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eustachius_De_Lannoy&oldid=1260141192">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eustachius_De_Lannoy&oldid=1260141192</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1715_births" title="Category:1715 births">1715 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1777_deaths" title="Category:1777 deaths">1777 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_Roman_Catholics" title="Category:Dutch Roman Catholics">Dutch Roman Catholics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Roman_Catholics" title="Category:Indian Roman Catholics">Indian Roman Catholics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_generals" title="Category:Indian generals">Indian generals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_sailors" title="Category:Dutch sailors">Dutch sailors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_the_Kingdom_of_Travancore" title="Category:People from the Kingdom of Travancore">People from the Kingdom of Travancore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Colonial_Kerala" title="Category:Colonial Kerala">Colonial Kerala</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_emigrants_to_India" title="Category:Dutch emigrants to India">Dutch emigrants to India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_personnel_from_Kerala" title="Category:Military personnel from Kerala">Military personnel from Kerala</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_Dutch_military_personnel" title="Category:18th-century Dutch military personnel">18th-century Dutch military personnel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lannoy_family" title="Category:Lannoy family">Lannoy family</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2017" title="Category:Use dmy dates from June 2017">Use dmy dates from June 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_June_2017" title="Category:Use Indian English from June 2017">Use Indian English from June 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_Dutch_IPA" title="Category:Articles needing Dutch IPA">Articles needing Dutch IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 November 2024, at 03:02<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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