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id="toc-Death_and_posthumous_pardon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Discography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Discography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Discography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Albums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Albums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Albums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Albums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Posthumous_releases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Posthumous_releases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Posthumous releases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Posthumous_releases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compilations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compilations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Compilations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compilations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Audiobooks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audiobooks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Audiobooks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audiobooks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tribute_albums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tribute_albums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.5</span> <span>Tribute albums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tribute_albums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lenny Bruce</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ليني بروس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليني بروس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8" title="লেনি ব্রুস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লেনি ব্রুস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81" title="Лени Брус – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лени Брус" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny_Bruce" title="Lenny Bruce – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lenny Bruce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny_Bruce" title="Lenny Bruce – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lenny Bruce" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny_Bruce" title="Lenny Bruce – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lenny Bruce" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny_Bruce" title="Lenny Bruce – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenny Bruce" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="لنی بروس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لنی بروس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny_Bruce" title="Lenny Bruce – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lenny Bruce" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD" title="Լենի Բրյուս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լենի Բրյուս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny_Bruce" title="Lenny Bruce – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lenny Bruce" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny_Bruce" title="Lenny Bruce – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lenny Bruce" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1" title="לני ברוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לני ברוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny_Bruce" title="Lenny Bruce – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lenny Bruce" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="لينى بروس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لينى بروس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny_Bruce" title="Lenny Bruce – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lenny Bruce" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9" title="レニー・ブルース – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レニー・ブルース" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny_Bruce" title="Lenny Bruce – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lenny Bruce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny_Bruce" title="Lenny Bruce – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lenny Bruce" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Ленни Брюс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ленни Брюс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny_Bruce" title="Lenny Bruce – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lenny Bruce" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="لێنی بروس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لێنی بروس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny_Bruce" title="Lenny Bruce – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lenny Bruce" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny_Bruce" title="Lenny Bruce – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lenny Bruce" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny_Bruce" title="Lenny Bruce – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lenny Bruce" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny_Bruce" title="Lenny Bruce – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lenny Bruce" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Ленні Брюс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ленні Брюс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF" title="莱尼·布鲁斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="莱尼·布鲁斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q460876#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Lenny Bruce</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lenny_Bruce_1961.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Lenny_Bruce_1961.jpg/220px-Lenny_Bruce_1961.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Lenny_Bruce_1961.jpg/330px-Lenny_Bruce_1961.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Lenny_Bruce_1961.jpg/440px-Lenny_Bruce_1961.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Bruce in 1961</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Leonard Alfred Schneider</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1925-10-13</span>)</span>October 13, 1925<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Mineola,_New_York" title="Mineola, New York">Mineola, New York</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 3, 1966<span style="display:none">(1966-08-03)</span> (aged 40)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Eden_Memorial_Park_Cemetery" title="Eden Memorial Park Cemetery">Eden Memorial Park Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Comedian</li><li>satirist</li><li>social critic</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1947–1966</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Honey_Bruce" title="Honey Bruce">Honey Bruce</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1951; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1957)<wbr /></div><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sally_Marr" title="Sally Marr">Sally Marr</a> (mother)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Comedy career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="How this comedian performs, e.g. stand-up comedy, film or television actor, etc.">Medium</span></th><td class="infobox-data category">Stand-up, television, books</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Comedic_genres" title="Comedic genres">Genres</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">Satire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Political_satire" title="Political satire">political satire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">black comedy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue comedy">blue comedy</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subject(s)</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>American culture</li><li>American politics</li><li>race relations</li><li>religion</li><li>sexuality</li><li>obscenity</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable works and roles</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>The Lenny Bruce Originals</i><br /> <i>The Carnegie Hall Concert</i><br /> <i>Let the Buyer Beware</i><br /> <i>How to Talk Dirty and Influence People</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lenny_Bruce_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Lenny_Bruce_signature.svg/128px-Lenny_Bruce_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Lenny_Bruce_signature.svg/192px-Lenny_Bruce_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Lenny_Bruce_signature.svg/256px-Lenny_Bruce_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="115" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Leonard Alfred Schneider</b> (October 13, 1925 – August 3, 1966), better known by his stage name <b>Lenny Bruce</b>, was an American stand-up comedian, social critic, and satirist. He was renowned for his open, free-wheeling, and critical style of comedy that combined satire, politics, religion, sex, and vulgarity.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His 1964 conviction in an <a href="/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">obscenity</a> trial was followed by a <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_recognition" class="mw-redirect" title="Posthumous recognition">posthumous</a> pardon in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bruce forged new paths in comedy and <a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">counterculture</a>. His trial for obscenity was a landmark of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of speech in the United States">freedom of speech in the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i> magazine ranked him third (behind <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Carlin" title="George Carlin">George Carlin</a>) on its list of the 50 best stand-up comics of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenny_Bruce&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bruce was Jewish,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> born Leonard Alfred Schneider in <a href="/wiki/Mineola,_New_York" title="Mineola, New York">Mineola</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>. He grew up in nearby <a href="/wiki/Bellmore,_New_York" title="Bellmore, New York">Bellmore</a>, and attended <a href="/wiki/Wellington_C._Mepham_High_School" title="Wellington C. Mepham High School">Wellington C. Mepham High School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to his biography, during part of his high school years, he lived at Dengler's Farm on Wantagh Avenue in Wantagh, New York. His parents divorced before he was 10, and he lived with various relatives over the next decade. His British-born father, Myron (Mickey) Schneider, was a shoe clerk; they saw each other very infrequently. His mother, <a href="/wiki/Sally_Marr" title="Sally Marr">Sally Marr</a> (legal name Sadie Schneider, born Sadie Kitchenberg), was a stage performer and dancer<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had an enormous influence on Bruce's career.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After spending time working on a farm, Bruce joined the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> at the age of 16 in 1942, with active service during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> aboard the <a href="/wiki/USS_Brooklyn_(CL-40)" title="USS Brooklyn (CL-40)">USS <i>Brooklyn</i> (CL-40)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Africa">Northern Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> in 1943, and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Shingle" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Shingle">Anzio, Italy</a>, in 1944. In May 1945, after a comedic performance for his shipmates in which he was dressed in drag, his commanding officers became upset. He defiantly convinced his ship's medical officer that he was experiencing homosexual urges,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading to his dishonorable discharge in July 1945. However, he had not admitted to or been found guilty of any breach of naval regulations, and successfully applied to change his discharge to <a href="/wiki/Military_discharge" title="Military discharge">"Under Honorable Conditions ... by reason of unsuitability for the naval service"</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> era, Bruce served in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine" title="United States Merchant Marine">United States Merchant Marine</a>, ferrying troops from the US to Europe and back.<sup id="cite_ref-nyack_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyack-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-santa_monica_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-santa_monica-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia.com_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1959, while videotaping the first episode of <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Hefner" title="Hugh Hefner">Hugh Hefner</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Playboy%27s_Penthouse" title="Playboy's Penthouse">Playboy's Penthouse</a></i>, Bruce talked about his Navy experience and showed a tattoo he received in <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a short period living with his father in California, Bruce settled in New York City, hoping to establish himself as a comedian. However, he found it difficult to differentiate himself from the thousands of other show business hopefuls who populated the city. One place where they congregated was Hanson's, a diner where Bruce met Joe Ancis,<sup id="cite_ref-Joe_Ancis:_A_Brief_Biography_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joe_Ancis:_A_Brief_Biography-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="The current source is insufficiently reliable (WP:NOTRS). (November 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> who had a profound influence on Bruce's approach to comedy. Many of Bruce's later routines reflected his meticulous schooling at the hands of Ancis.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Bruce's biographer <a href="/wiki/Albert_Goldman" title="Albert Goldman">Albert Goldman</a>, Ancis's humor involved stream-of-consciousness sexual fantasies and references to jazz.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also gained notoriety for his focus on controversial subjects, black humour, obscenity, and criticism of organized religion and the establishment.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bruce took the stage as "Lenny Marsalle" one evening at the Victory Club as a stand-in master of ceremonies for one of his mother's shows. His ad-libs earned him some laughs. Soon afterward, in 1947, just after changing his last name to Bruce, he earned $12 and a free spaghetti dinner for his first stand-up performance in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was later a guest—and was introduced by his mother, calling herself Sally Bruce—on the <i><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Godfrey%27s_Talent_Scouts" title="Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts">Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts</a></i> radio program. Lenny did a piece inspired by <a href="/wiki/Sid_Caesar" title="Sid Caesar">Sid Caesar</a>, "The Bavarian Mimic", featuring impressions of American movie stars (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Bogart" title="Humphrey Bogart">Humphrey Bogart</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Cagney" title="James Cagney">James Cagney</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Robinson" title="Edward G. Robinson">Edward G. Robinson</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenny_Bruce&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bruce's early comedy career included writing the screenplays for <i><a href="/wiki/Dance_Hall_Racket" title="Dance Hall Racket">Dance Hall Racket</a></i> in 1953, which featured Bruce, his wife <a href="/wiki/Honey_Bruce" title="Honey Bruce">Honey Harlow</a>, and mother Sally Marr; <i>Dream Follies</i> in 1954, a low-budget burlesque romp; and a children's film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rocket_Man_(1954_film)" title="The Rocket Man (1954 film)">The Rocket Man</a></i>, in 1954. In 1956, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Ray_Perilli" title="Frank Ray Perilli">Frank Ray Perilli</a>, a fellow nightclub comedian who later wrote two dozen successful films and plays, became Bruce's mentor and part-time manager.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through Perilli, Bruce met and collaborated with photojournalist William Karl Thomas on three screenplays (<i>Leather Jacket</i>, <i>Killer's Grave</i> and <i>The Degenerate</i>), none of which made it to the screen, and the comedy material on his first three comedy albums.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bruce was a roommate of comedian <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Hackett" title="Buddy Hackett">Buddy Hackett</a> in the 1950s. The two appeared on the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Patrice_Munsel_Show_(TV_series)" title="The Patrice Munsel Show (TV series)">Patrice Munsel Show</a></i> (1957–1958), calling their comedy duo the "Not Ready for Prime Time Players",<sup id="cite_ref-WTF_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WTF-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 20 years before the <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_cast_members" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturday Night Live cast members">cast of</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i> used the same name. In 1957, Thomas booked Bruce into the Slate Brothers nightclub, where he was fired the first night for what <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i> headlined as "<a href="/wiki/Blue_humor" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue humor">blue material</a>". This led to the theme of Bruce's first solo album on <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Records" title="Fantasy Records">Fantasy Records</a>, <i>The Sick Humor of Lenny Bruce</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for which Thomas photographed the album cover. Thomas also photographed Bruce's other covers, acted as cinematographer on abortive attempts to film their screenplays, and in 1989 wrote a memoir of their ten-year collaboration, <i>Lenny Bruce: The Making of a Prophet</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2016 biography of Frank Ray Perilli, <i>The Candy Butcher</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> devotes a chapter to Perilli's ten-year collaboration with Bruce. </p><p>Bruce released four albums of original material on Fantasy Records, later compiled and re-released as <i>The Lenny Bruce Originals</i>. Two later records were produced and sold by Bruce himself, including a 10-inch album of the 1961 San Francisco performances that started his legal troubles. Starting in the late 1960s, other unissued Bruce material was released by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Douglas_(record_producer)" title="Alan Douglas (record producer)">Alan Douglas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phil_Spector" title="Phil Spector">Phil Spector</a>, as well as Fantasy. Bruce developed the complexity and tone of his material in <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Banducci" title="Enrico Banducci">Enrico Banducci</a>'s <a href="/wiki/North_Beach,_San_Francisco" title="North Beach, San Francisco">North Beach</a> nightclub, the <a href="/wiki/Hungry_i" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungry i">hungry i</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Mort_Sahl" title="Mort Sahl">Mort Sahl</a> had earlier made a name for himself. </p><p>Branded a "sick comic", Bruce was essentially blacklisted from television, and when he did appear, thanks to sympathetic fans like Hefner and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Allen" title="Steve Allen">Steve Allen</a>, it was with great concessions to <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_Standards_and_Practices" title="Broadcast Standards and Practices">Broadcast Standards and Practices</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jokes that might offend, like a routine on airplane-<a href="/wiki/Inhalant" title="Inhalant">glue-sniffing</a> teenagers that was done live for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Steve_Allen_Show" title="The Steve Allen Show">The Steve Allen Show</a></i> in 1959, had to be typed out and pre-approved by network officials. On his debut on Allen's show, Bruce made an unscripted comment on the recent marriage of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> to <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Fisher" title="Eddie Fisher">Eddie Fisher</a>, wondering, "Will Elizabeth Taylor become bar mitzvahed?"<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the midst of a severe blizzard, Bruce gave a famous performance at <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a> at midnight on February 4, 1961. It was recorded and later released as the three-disc set <i>The Carnegie Hall Concert</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (June 2016)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In his posthumous biography of Bruce, Albert Goldman described that night:<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It's all a trip—and the best of it is you haven't the faintest idea where you're going! Lenny worshiped the gods of Spontaneity, Candor and Free Association. His greatest fear was getting his act down pat. On this night, he rose to every chance stimulus, every interruption and noise and distraction, with a mad volleying of mental images that suggested the fantastic riches of Charlie Parker's horn. The first flash was simply the spectacle of people piled up in America's most famous concert hall.</p></blockquote> <p>In August 1965, a year before his death, Bruce gave his penultimate performance at San Francisco's <a href="/wiki/Basin_Street_West" title="Basin Street West">Basin Street West</a>, mainly talking about his legal troubles. The filmed performance was released by Rhino Home Video in 1992 as <i>The Lenny Bruce Performance Film</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenny_Bruce&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1951, Bruce met <a href="/wiki/Honey_Harlow" class="mw-redirect" title="Honey Harlow">Honey Harlow</a>, a stripper from <a href="/wiki/Manila,_Arkansas" title="Manila, Arkansas">Manila, Arkansas</a>. They were married that year, and Bruce was determined to see her stop working as a stripper.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple left New York in 1953 for the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a>, where they found work as a <a href="/wiki/Double_act" title="Double act">double act</a> at the Cup and Saucer in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>. Bruce joined a bill at the club Strip City. Harlow found employment at the Colony Club, widely known as the best burlesque club in Los Angeles at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bruce left Strip City in late 1954 and found work at various strip clubs in the <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a>. As master of ceremonies, he introduced strippers while performing his material. The Valley clubs provided the perfect environment for him to create new routines. According to his primary biographer, Albert Goldman, it was "precisely at the moment when he sank to the bottom of the barrel and started working the places that were the lowest of the low" that he suddenly broke free of "all the restraints and inhibitions and disabilities that formerly had kept him just mediocre and began to blow with a spontaneous freedom and resourcefulness that resembled the style and inspiration of his new friends and admirers, the jazz musicians of the modernist school."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Honey and Lenny's daughter Kathleen ("Kitty") Bruce was born in 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_Lenny_Bruce_site_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_Lenny_Bruce_site-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Honey and Lenny had a tumultuous relationship with many serious domestic disputes, usually the result of serious drug use.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They broke up and reunited over and over again between 1956 and Lenny's death in 1966. They first separated in March 1956, and were back together by July of that year when they traveled to Honolulu for a nightclub tour. During the trip, Honey was arrested for marijuana possession and prevented from leaving the island due to her parole conditions. Lenny took this opportunity to leave her again, this time kidnapping the then one-year-old Kitty.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her autobiography, Honey claimed Lenny turned her in to the police. She was later sentenced to two years in federal prison.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bruce's <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">divorce</a> from Honey was finalized in 1959. He had an affair with jazz singer <a href="/wiki/Annie_Ross" title="Annie Ross">Annie Ross</a> in the late 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comedienne <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Weinstock" title="Lotus Weinstock">Lotus Weinstock</a> was Bruce's girlfriend and fiancee at the time of his death.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bruce had a severe drug addiction in the final decade of his life, using <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">methamphetamine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dilaudid" class="mw-redirect" title="Dilaudid">Dilaudid</a> daily, and suffering numerous health problems and personal strife as a result.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His death was caused by an overdose.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_troubles">Legal troubles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenny_Bruce&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legal troubles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lenny_Bruce_arrest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Lenny_Bruce_arrest.jpg/170px-Lenny_Bruce_arrest.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Lenny_Bruce_arrest.jpg/255px-Lenny_Bruce_arrest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Lenny_Bruce_arrest.jpg/340px-Lenny_Bruce_arrest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Bruce at his arrest in 1961</figcaption></figure> <p>Bruce's desire to help his wife stop working as a stripper led him to pursue schemes designed to make as much money as possible. The most notable was the Brother Mathias Foundation scam, which resulted in Bruce's arrest in <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, in 1951 for impersonating a priest. He was soliciting donations for a <a href="/wiki/Leper_colony" title="Leper colony">leper colony</a> in <a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">British Guiana</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>) under the auspices of the "Brother Mathias Foundation", which he had legally chartered—the name was his own invention, but possibly referred to the actual Brother Matthias who had befriended <a href="/wiki/Babe_Ruth" title="Babe Ruth">Babe Ruth</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> orphanage where Ruth had been confined as a child.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While posing as a laundry man, Bruce stole several priests' clergy shirts and a clerical collar. He was acquitted because of the legality of the New York state-chartered foundation, the actual existence of the Guiana leper colony, and the local clergy's inability to expose him as an impostor. Later, in his semifictional autobiography <i><a href="/wiki/How_to_Talk_Dirty_and_Influence_People" title="How to Talk Dirty and Influence People">How to Talk Dirty and Influence People</a></i>, Bruce said that he had made about $8,000 in three weeks, sending $2,500 to the leper colony and keeping the rest.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obscenity_arrests">Obscenity arrests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenny_Bruce&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Obscenity arrests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 4, 1961, Bruce was arrested for obscenity<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the <a href="/wiki/Jazz_Workshop" title="Jazz Workshop">Jazz Workshop</a> in San Francisco, where he had used the word "cocksucker", and said that "to is a preposition, come is a verb"; that the sexual context of 'come' was so common that it bore no weight; and that if someone hearing it became upset, he "probably can't come".<sup id="cite_ref-linder_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linder-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the jury acquitted him, other law enforcement agencies began monitoring his appearances, resulting in frequent arrests under obscenity charges. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lenny_Bruce_Mugshot_4-27-63.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Lenny_Bruce_Mugshot_4-27-63.jpg/220px-Lenny_Bruce_Mugshot_4-27-63.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Lenny_Bruce_Mugshot_4-27-63.jpg/330px-Lenny_Bruce_Mugshot_4-27-63.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c3/Lenny_Bruce_Mugshot_4-27-63.jpg 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="258" /></a><figcaption>Bruce in 1963, after being arrested in San Francisco</figcaption></figure> <p>Bruce was arrested again in 1961 in Philadelphia for drug possession, and again in Los Angeles two years later. The latter arrest took place in then-unincorporated <a href="/wiki/West_Hollywood,_California" title="West Hollywood, California">West Hollywood</a>, and the arresting officer was a young deputy named <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Block" title="Sherman Block">Sherman Block</a>, who later became county sheriff. The charge this time was that the comedian had used the word "schmuck", an insulting <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> word that was also considered a term for "penis". The Hollywood charges were later dismissed.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 5, 1962, Bruce was arrested on stage at the <a href="/wiki/Gate_of_Horn" title="Gate of Horn">Gate of Horn</a> folk club in Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, he played at <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Establishment_(club)" title="The Establishment (club)">The Establishment</a> club in London, and in April the next year he was barred from entering the United Kingdom by the <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a> as an "undesirable alien".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1964, he appeared twice at the <a href="/wiki/Cafe_Au_Go_Go" title="Cafe Au Go Go">Cafe Au Go Go</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>, with undercover police detectives in the audience. He was arrested along with club owners Howard and Elly Solomon, who were arrested for allowing an obscene performance. On both occasions, Bruce was arrested after leaving the stage.<sup id="cite_ref-linder_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linder-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A three-judge panel presided over his widely publicized six-month trial, prosecuted by Manhattan Assistant District Attorney <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuh" title="Richard Kuh">Richard Kuh</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Ephraim_London" title="Ephraim London">Ephraim London</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Garbus" title="Martin Garbus">Martin Garbus</a> as the defense attorneys. Bruce and Howard Solomon were found guilty of obscenity on November 4, 1964. The conviction was announced despite positive testimony and petitions of support from—among other artists, writers and educators—<a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Feiffer" title="Jules Feiffer">Jules Feiffer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Mailer" title="Norman Mailer">Norman Mailer</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Styron" title="William Styron">William Styron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/James_Baldwin" title="James Baldwin">James Baldwin</a>, and Manhattan journalist and television personality <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Kilgallen" title="Dorothy Kilgallen">Dorothy Kilgallen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_J._Gans" title="Herbert J. Gans">Herbert Gans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bruce was sentenced on December 21, 1964, to four months in a <a href="/wiki/Penal_labor_in_the_United_States" title="Penal labor in the United States">workhouse</a>; he was set free on bail during the appeals process and died before the appeal was decided. Solomon, the owner of the club where Lenny was arrested, later saw Bruce's conviction overturned.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years">Later years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenny_Bruce&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lenny_Bruce_at_the_Fillmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Lenny_Bruce_at_the_Fillmore.jpg/220px-Lenny_Bruce_at_the_Fillmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ed/Lenny_Bruce_at_the_Fillmore.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption>Poster for Bruce's last series of performances, which took place at <a href="/wiki/The_Fillmore" title="The Fillmore">The Fillmore</a> in San Francisco on June 24 and 25, 1966</figcaption></figure> <p>Bruce appeared on network television only six times.<sup id="cite_ref-paley_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paley-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his later club performances, he was known for relating the details of his encounters with the police directly in his comedy routine. These performances often included rants about his court battles over obscenity charges, tirades against fascism, and complaints that he was being denied his right to freedom of speech. He was banned outright from several U.S. cities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In September 1962, his only visit to Australia caused a media storm, although he was neither banned nor forced to leave the country. He was booked for a two-week engagement at Aaron's Exchange Hotel, a small pub in central Sydney, by American-born, Australia-based promoter <a href="/wiki/Lee_Gordon_(promoter)" title="Lee Gordon (promoter)">Lee Gordon</a>, who was by then deeply in debt, nearing the end of his formerly successful career, and desperate to save his business. Bruce's first show at 9 p.m. on September 6 was uneventful, but his second show at 11 p.m. led to major public controversy. Bruce was heckled by audience members, and when local actress <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Wyndon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbara Wyndon (page does not exist)">Barbara Wyndon</a> stood up and complained that Bruce was only talking about America and asked him to talk about something different, a clearly annoyed Bruce responded, "Fuck you, madam. That's different, isn't it?" Bruce's remark shocked some audience members and several walked out.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>By the next day, several Sydney papers denounced Bruce as "sick"; one illustrated their story with a retouched photograph appearing to show Bruce giving a <a href="/wiki/Fascist_salute" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist salute">fascist salute</a>. The venue owners cancelled the rest of Bruce's performances, and he retreated to his Kings Cross hotel room. Local university students (including future <a href="/wiki/OZ_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="OZ (magazine)"><i>OZ</i></a> magazine editor <a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville_(writer)" title="Richard Neville (writer)">Richard Neville</a>), who were fans of Bruce's humor tried to arrange a performance at the Roundhouse at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_South_Wales" title="University of New South Wales">University of New South Wales</a>, but at the last minute the university's vice-chancellor rescinded permission to use the venue, with no reason given,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an interview Bruce was scheduled to give on Australian television was cancelled by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bruce remained largely confined to his hotel, but eight days later gave his third and last Australian concert at the Wintergarden Theatre in Sydney's eastern suburbs. Although it had a capacity of 2,100, only 200 people attended, including a strong police presence, and Bruce gave what was described as a "subdued" performance. It was long rumored that a tape recording of the historic performance was made by police, but it was in fact recorded by local jazz saxophonist Sid Powell, who brought a portable tape recorder to the show. The tape was rediscovered in 2011 in the possession of Australian singer Sammy Gaha, who had acted as Bruce's chauffeur during his visit; it was subsequently donated to the Lenny Bruce audio collection at <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a>. Bruce left the country a few days later and spoke little about the experience.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Increasing drug use also affected Bruce's health and repeated arrests further caused deterioration to his mental health.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1966, he had been blacklisted by nearly every nightclub in the U.S. as owners feared prosecution for obscenity. He gave a famous performance at the <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Community_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkeley Community Theatre">Berkeley Community Theatre</a> in December 1965, which was recorded and became his last live album, <i>The Berkeley Concert</i>. The performance has been described as lucid, clear and calm, and one of his best. His last performance took place on June 25, 1966, at The Fillmore Auditorium in San Francisco, on a bill with Frank Zappa and <a href="/wiki/The_Mothers_of_Invention" title="The Mothers of Invention">The Mothers of Invention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-graham_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-graham-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The performance was not remembered fondly by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Graham_(promoter)" title="Bill Graham (promoter)">Bill Graham</a>, whose memoir describes Bruce as "whacked out on <a href="/wiki/Amphetamines" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphetamines">amphetamine</a>";<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graham thought that Bruce finished his set emotionally disturbed. Zappa asked Bruce to sign his <a href="/wiki/Draft_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Draft card">draft card</a>, but the suspicious Bruce refused.<sup id="cite_ref-zappa_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zappa-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the request of Hefner and with the aid of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krassner" title="Paul Krassner">Paul Krassner</a>, Bruce wrote an autobiography that was serialized in <i><a href="/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a></i> in 1964 and 1965. It was later published as <i>How to Talk Dirty and Influence People</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-watts_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-watts-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, Bruce also contributed a number of articles to Krassner's satirical magazine <i><a href="/wiki/The_Realist" title="The Realist">The Realist</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_posthumous_pardon">Death and posthumous pardon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenny_Bruce&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death and posthumous pardon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LennyBruce_Grave.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/LennyBruce_Grave.JPG/220px-LennyBruce_Grave.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/LennyBruce_Grave.JPG/330px-LennyBruce_Grave.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/LennyBruce_Grave.JPG/440px-LennyBruce_Grave.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1992" data-file-height="1114" /></a><figcaption>Bruce's grave at <a href="/wiki/Eden_Memorial_Park_Cemetery" title="Eden Memorial Park Cemetery">Eden Memorial Park Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mission_Hills,_Los_Angeles" title="Mission Hills, Los Angeles">Mission Hills, California</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On August 3, 1966, Bruce was found dead in the bathroom of his <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Hills" title="Hollywood Hills">Hollywood Hills</a> home.<sup id="cite_ref-Obituary_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obituary-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official photo taken at the scene showed him lying naked on the floor, a syringe and burned bottle cap nearby, along with various other narcotics paraphernalia. Record producer <a href="/wiki/Phil_Spector" title="Phil Spector">Phil Spector</a>, a friend of Bruce's, bought the negatives of the photographs "to keep them from the press". The official cause of death was "acute <a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">morphine</a> poisoning caused by an overdose".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bruce's remains were interred in <a href="/wiki/Eden_Memorial_Park_Cemetery" title="Eden Memorial Park Cemetery">Eden Memorial Park Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mission_Hills,_Los_Angeles" title="Mission Hills, Los Angeles">Mission Hills, California</a>, but an unconventional memorial on August 21 was controversial enough to keep his name in the spotlight. Over 500 people came to the service to pay their respects, led by Spector. Cemetery officials tried to block the ceremony after ads for it encouraged attendees to bring box lunches and noisemakers. Delivering the eulogy, featured at the end of the documentary <i>Lenny Bruce Without the Tears</i>, the Rev. William Glenesk said: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>He was in a sense an evangelist, on a street corner. He was a man—up tight against an artificial world... who shattered its façades, and its hypocrisy, and—if you will pardon the phrase which seems to become a cliche—he saw life as it is.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Bruce's epitaph reads: "Beloved father—devoted son / Peace at last". <a href="/wiki/Dick_Schaap" title="Dick Schaap">Dick Schaap</a> concluded his eulogy to Bruce in <i>Playboy</i> with the words: "One last four-letter word for Lenny: Dead. At forty. <i>That's</i> obscene". A memorial event was held at the <a href="/wiki/Judson_Memorial_Church" title="Judson Memorial Church">Judson Memorial Church</a> in New York City on August 12, which was "packed to overflowing" an hour before it was due to get underway. It was attended by prominent members of the arts community, many of whom also performed, and included <a href="/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Lee_Wilson" title="Joe Lee Wilson">Joe Lee Wilson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Shepherd" title="Jean Shepherd">Jean Shepherd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Haden" title="Charlie Haden">Charlie Haden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Fugs" title="The Fugs">The Fugs</a>; <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krassner" title="Paul Krassner">Paul Krassner</a> officiated.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 23, 2003, 37 years after Bruce's death, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">New York Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Pataki" title="George Pataki">George Pataki</a> granted him a posthumous <a href="/wiki/Pardon" title="Pardon">pardon</a> for his obscenity conviction.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-totn-hentoff_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-totn-hentoff-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenny_Bruce&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30em; ; color: #202122;background-color: LightCyan;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span class="nowrap">    </span>Perhaps the most profound and cataclysmic change in our popular culture the last few years—matching the "new sound" in music—has been the kind of humor exemplified by the <a href="/wiki/Smothers_Brothers" title="Smothers Brothers">Smothers Brothers</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Laugh-In" class="mw-redirect" title="Laugh-In">Laugh-In</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a>, and that whole breed, whose secret source of strength was the late dark angel, Lenny Bruce. <br /> <span class="nowrap">    </span>Bruce was the <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Gertrude Stein</a> of comedians. Never popular himself—because he was too cryptic and too scatological for popular taste—he nevertheless influenced a whole generation of comics, just as Stein influenced Hemingway and that generation of writers. Her own work was a dead end (so was Bruce's), but out of that compost grew the buds of a flourishing school. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">– Syndicated columnist <a href="/wiki/Sydney_J._Harris" title="Sydney J. Harris">Sydney J. Harris</a>, November 5, 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>Bruce was the subject of the 1974 biographical drama <i><a href="/wiki/Lenny_(film)" title="Lenny (film)">Lenny</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a>, who was nominated for a <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Best Actor Academy Award</a> for the role. It was based on the <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> stage play of the same name by <a href="/wiki/Julian_Barry" title="Julian Barry">Julian Barry</a>, which starred <a href="/wiki/Cliff_Gorman" title="Cliff Gorman">Cliff Gorman</a> in his 1972 <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a>-winning role. The main character's editing of a fictionalized film version of <i>Lenny</i> was also a major part of Fosse's own autobiopic, the 1979 Academy Award-nominated <i><a href="/wiki/All_That_Jazz_(film)" title="All That Jazz (film)">All That Jazz</a></i>, where Gorman again played Bruce. </p><p>The documentary film <i><a href="/wiki/Lenny_Bruce:_Swear_to_Tell_the_Truth" title="Lenny Bruce: Swear to Tell the Truth">Lenny Bruce: Swear to Tell the Truth</a></i> (1998), directed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Weide" title="Robert B. Weide">Robert B. Weide</a> and narrated by <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a>, was nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Feature" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature">Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature</a>. </p><p>Episode 12 of Season 1 of <i>Liberty on Trial in America: Cases That Defined Freedom</i>, aired on January 3, 2020, explored the ways in which Bruce and the First Amendment affected each other. </p><p>In 2004, <a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central" title="Comedy Central">Comedy Central</a> placed Bruce at number three on its list of the 100 greatest stand-ups of all time, above <a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (4th) and below <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a> (1st) and <a href="/wiki/George_Carlin" title="George Carlin">George Carlin</a> (2nd).<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both comedians who ranked higher than Bruce considered him a major influence. Pryor said that hearing Bruce for the first time "changed my life";<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Carlin said that Bruce was a "brilliant comedian" who influenced him as much as a man in his moral thinking and attitudes as he did as a comedian.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carlin was arrested along with Bruce after refusing to provide identification when police raided a Bruce performance.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenny_Bruce&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In his 1964 song <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Return_to_Camp_Grenada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Return to Camp Grenada (page does not exist)">Return to Camp Grenada</a></i>, a sequel to his 1963 hit "<a href="/wiki/Hello_Muddah,_Hello_Fadduh_(A_Letter_from_Camp)" title="Hello Muddah, Hello Fadduh (A Letter from Camp)">Hello Muddah, Hello Fadduh (A Letter from Camp)</a>", comedian and songwriter <a href="/wiki/Allan_Sherman" title="Allan Sherman">Allan Sherman</a> mentions an entertainment-appearance from Bruce that's been scheduled because "we're all tired of Mother Goose here."</li> <li>In 1966, <a href="/wiki/Grace_Slick" title="Grace Slick">Grace Slick</a> co-wrote and sang the <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Society_(band)" title="The Great Society (band)">Great Society</a> song "Father Bruce".<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bruce is pictured in the top row of the cover of the Beatles 1967 album <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_images_on_the_cover_of_Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="List of images on the cover of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The clip of a news broadcast featured in "<a href="/wiki/7_O%27Clock_News/Silent_Night" title="7 O'Clock News/Silent Night">7 O'Clock News/Silent Night</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a> carries the ostensible newscast audio of Bruce's death. In another track on the album <i><a href="/wiki/Parsley,_Sage,_Rosemary_and_Thyme" title="Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme">Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme</a></i>, "<a href="/wiki/A_Simple_Desultory_Philippic_(or_How_I_Was_Robert_McNamara%27d_into_Submission)" title="A Simple Desultory Philippic (or How I Was Robert McNamara'd into Submission)">A Simple Desultory Philippic (or How I Was Robert McNamara'd into Submission)</a>", <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> sings, "... I learned the truth from Lenny Bruce, that all my wealth won't buy me health."<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Hardin" title="Tim Hardin">Tim Hardin</a>'s fourth album <i><a href="/wiki/Tim_Hardin_3_Live_in_Concert" title="Tim Hardin 3 Live in Concert">Tim Hardin 3 Live in Concert</a></i>, released in 1968, includes the song "Lenny's Tune" about his friend Bruce.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nico" title="Nico">Nico</a>'s 1967 album <i><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Girl_(album)" title="Chelsea Girl (album)">Chelsea Girl</a></i> includes a track entitled "Eulogy to Lenny Bruce", a version of Hardin's "Lenny's Tune" with the lyrics slightly altered. In it, she describes her sorrow and anger at Bruce's death.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stranglers" title="The Stranglers">The Stranglers</a>' 1977 song "<a href="/wiki/No_More_Heroes_(The_Stranglers_song)" title="No More Heroes (The Stranglers song)">No More Heroes</a>" references Lenny Bruce, asking "Whatever happened to dear old Lenny?"<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(band)" title="Genesis (band)">Genesis</a>'s 1974 song "Broadway Melody of 1974" depicts a dystopic New York where "Lenny Bruce declares a truce and plays his other hand, Marshall McLuhan, casual viewin', head buried in the sand" and "Groucho, with his movies trailing, stands alone with his punchline failing."<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mayall" title="John Mayall">John Mayall</a>'s 1969 live album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Turning_Point_(John_Mayall_album)" title="The Turning Point (John Mayall album)">The Turning Point</a></i> opens with the song "The Laws Must Change", featuring the line "Lenny Bruce was trying to tell you many things before he died".<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>'s 1981 song "Lenny Bruce", from his <i><a href="/wiki/Shot_of_Love" title="Shot of Love">Shot of Love</a></i> album, describes a brief taxi ride the two men shared. In its last line, Dylan recalls: "Lenny Bruce was bad, he was the brother that you never had."<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Ochs" title="Phil Ochs">Phil Ochs</a> wrote a song eulogizing Bruce, "Doesn't Lenny Live Here Anymore?", that is featured on his 1969 album <i><a href="/wiki/Rehearsals_for_Retirement" title="Rehearsals for Retirement">Rehearsals for Retirement</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Australian group <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kelly_(Australian_musician)" title="Paul Kelly (Australian musician)">Paul Kelly and the Dots</a>' 1982 album <i><a href="/wiki/Manila_(album)" title="Manila (album)">Manila</a></i> features a track named "Lenny (To Live Is to Burn)", which includes clips of Bruce performing.</li> <li>Bruce is pictured (along with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Robert Burns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Dylan Thomas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Truman_Capote" title="Truman Capote">Truman Capote</a>) on the cover of 1987's <i><a href="/wiki/Clutching_at_Straws" title="Clutching at Straws">Clutching at Straws</a></i> by the English <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a> group <a href="/wiki/Marillion" title="Marillion">Marillion</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R.E.M." title="R.E.M.">R.E.M.</a>'s 1987 song "<a href="/wiki/It%27s_the_End_of_the_World_as_We_Know_It_(And_I_Feel_Fine)" title="It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)">It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)</a>" mentions Bruce twice. Its opening line is, "That's great, it starts with an earthquake, birds, snakes and aeroplanes, and Lenny Bruce is not afraid". The third verse refers to a quartet of famous people sharing the initials <i>L.B.</i> (Bruce, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lester_Bangs" title="Lester Bangs">Lester Bangs</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bruce appears as a character in <a href="/wiki/Don_DeLillo" title="Don DeLillo">Don DeLillo</a>'s 1997 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Underworld_(novel)" title="Underworld (novel)">Underworld</a></i>, where Bruce does a stand-up routine about the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jonathan Larson's musical <i><a href="/wiki/Rent_(musical)" title="Rent (musical)">Rent</a></i> has a song entitled "La Vie Boheme", mentioning Bruce.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mighty_Mighty_Bosstones" title="The Mighty Mighty Bosstones">The Mighty Mighty Bosstones</a>'s 2000 album <i><a href="/wiki/Pay_Attention" title="Pay Attention">Pay Attention</a></i> features the track "All Things Considered" that refers to Bruce. "He would introduce us to his closest friend the one and only Lenny Bruce".<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Zipper" title="Joy Zipper">Joy Zipper</a>'s 2005 album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Heartlight_Set" title="The Heartlight Set">The Heartlight Set</a></i> features the track "For Lenny's Own Pleasure".<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nada_Surf" title="Nada Surf">Nada Surf</a>'s song "Imaginary Friends", from their 2005 album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Weight_Is_a_Gift" title="The Weight Is a Gift">The Weight Is a Gift</a></i>, refers to Bruce: "Lenny Bruce's bug eyes stare from an LP, asking me just what kind of fight I've got in me."<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shmaltz_Brewing_Company" title="Shmaltz Brewing Company">Shmaltz Brewing Company</a> brews a year-round beer called Bittersweet Lenny's R.I.P.A., whose marketing line is "Brewed with an obscene amount of hops".<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_(band)" title="Metric (band)">Metric</a>'s song "On the Sly", from their 2007 album <i><a href="/wiki/Grow_Up_and_Blow_Away" title="Grow Up and Blow Away">Grow Up and Blow Away</a></i>, says "For Halloween I want to be Lenny Bruce".<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the 2014 episode "<a href="/wiki/Comic_Perversion" title="Comic Perversion">Comic Perversion</a>" of <i><a href="/wiki/Law_%26_Order:_Special_Victims_Unit" title="Law & Order: Special Victims Unit">Law & Order: Special Victims Unit</a></i>, fictional comic Josh Galloway says while being arrested: "I would like to dedicate my arrest to Mr. Lenny Bruce. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">NYPD</a> crucified him, too."<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A fictionalized version of Bruce is played by <a href="/wiki/Luke_Kirby" title="Luke Kirby">Luke Kirby</a> as a recurring character in the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Marvelous_Mrs._Maisel" title="The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel">The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel</a></i>, where he is portrayed as a friend and champion of the titular character. Kirby won an Emmy for his portrayal in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenny_Bruce&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bruce, Lenny. <i>Stamp Help Out!</i> (Self-published pamphlet, 1962)</li> <li>Bruce, Lenny. <i><a href="/wiki/How_to_Talk_Dirty_and_Influence_People" title="How to Talk Dirty and Influence People">How to Talk Dirty and Influence People</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a> Publishing, 1967) <ul><li>Autobiography, released posthumously. Content previously serialized in Playboy magazine.</li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>By others:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Barry" title="Julian Barry">Barry, Julian</a>. <i>Lenny</i> (play) (Grove Press, Inc. 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_Harlow" class="mw-redirect" title="Honey Harlow">Bruce, Honey</a>. <i>Honey: The Life and Loves of Lenny's Shady Lady</i> (Playboy Press, 1976, with Dana Benenson)</li> <li>Bruce, Kitty. <i>The (almost) Unpublished Lenny Bruce</i> (1984, Running Press) (includes transcripts of interviews and routines, ephemera, and a graphically spruced up reproduction of <i>Stamp Help Out!</i>)</li> <li>Cohen, John, ed., compiler. <i>The Essential Lenny Bruce</i> (Ballantine Books, 1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_K._L._Collins" title="Ronald K. L. Collins">Collins, Ronald</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Skover" title="David Skover">David Skover</a>, <i>The Trials of Lenny Bruce: The Fall & Rise of an American Icon</i> (Sourcebooks, 2002)<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_DeLillo" title="Don DeLillo">DeLillo, Don</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Underworld_(DeLillo_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Underworld (DeLillo novel)">Underworld</a></i>, (Simon and Schuster Inc., 1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Denton" title="Bradley Denton">Denton, Bradley</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Calvin_Coolidge_Home_for_Dead_Comedians" title="The Calvin Coolidge Home for Dead Comedians">The Calvin Coolidge Home for Dead Comedians</a></i>, an award-winning collection of science fiction stories in which <a href="/wiki/The_Calvin_Coolidge_Home_For_Dead_Comedians" class="mw-redirect" title="The Calvin Coolidge Home For Dead Comedians">the title story</a> has Lenny Bruce as one of the two protagonists.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Goldman" title="Albert Goldman">Goldman, Albert</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Schiller" title="Lawrence Schiller">Lawrence Schiller</a>. <i>Ladies and Gentlemen – Lenny Bruce!!</i> (Random House, 1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Goldstein_(author)" title="Jonathan Goldstein (author)">Goldstein, Jonathan</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lenny_Bruce_Is_Dead" title="Lenny Bruce Is Dead">Lenny Bruce Is Dead</a></i> (Coach House Press, 2001)</li> <li>Josepher, Brian. <i>What the Psychic Saw</i> (Sterlinghouse Publisher, 2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Kofsky" title="Frank Kofsky">Kofsky, Frank</a>. <i>Lenny Bruce: The Comedian as Social Critic & Secular Moralist</i> (Monad Press, 1974)</li> <li>Kringas, Damian. <i>Lenny Bruce: 13 Days In Sydney</i> (Independence Jones Guerilla Press, Sydney, 2010) A study of Bruce's ill-fated September 1962 tour down under.</li> <li>Marciniak, Vwadek P., <i>Politics, Humor and the Counterculture: Laughter in the Age of Decay</i> (New York etc., Peter Lang, 2008).</li> <li>Marmo, Ronnie. <i>I'm Not a Comedian... I'm Lenny Bruce</i> (written/performed by Marmo, directed by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Mantegna" title="Joe Mantegna">Joe Mantegna</a>, 2017)</li> <li>Smith, Valerie Kohler. <i>Lenny</i> (novelization based on the Barry-scripted/Fosse-directed film) (Grove Press, Inc., 1974)</li> <li>Thomas, William Karl. <i>Lenny Bruce: The Making of a Prophet</i><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Memoir and pictures from Bruce's principal collaborator. First printing, Archon Books, 1989; second printing, Media Maestro, 2002; Japanese edition, DHC Corp. Tokyo, 2001.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenny_Bruce&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Title</th> <th>Role</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1953</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Walking_My_Baby_Back_Home_(film)" title="Walking My Baby Back Home (film)">Walking My Baby Back Home</a></i></td> <td>Writer</td> <td>Uncredited </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Dance_Hall_Racket" title="Dance Hall Racket">Dance Hall Racket</a></i></td> <td>Vincent</td> <td rowspan="2">Directed by <a href="/wiki/Phil_Tucker" title="Phil Tucker">Phil Tucker</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1954</td> <td><i>Dream Follies</i></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rocket_Man_(1954_film)" title="The Rocket Man (1954 film)">The Rocket Man</a></i></td> <td>Screenplay</td> <td>Directed by <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Rudolph" title="Oscar Rudolph">Oscar Rudolph</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1955</td> <td><i>The Leather Jacket</i></td> <td>Actor / writer</td> <td>20 minutes of a feature film project that lost funding and was never completed </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959</td> <td><i>One Night Stand: The World of Lenny Bruce</i></td> <td>Himself / writer</td> <td>TV special </td></tr> <tr> <td>1967</td> <td><i>The Lenny Bruce Performance Film</i></td> <td>Himself / writer</td> <td>Filmed in San Francisco 1966, includes <i>Thank You Mask Man</i>, VHS 1992 / DVD 2005 / download </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1971</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Thank_You_Mask_Man" title="Thank You Mask Man">Thank You Mask Man</a></i></td> <td>Voice of 'The Lone Ranger' / writer / director</td> <td>Animated short film by John Magnuson Associates </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Dynamite_Chicken" title="Dynamite Chicken">Dynamite Chicken</a></i></td> <td>Himself</td> <td>Sketch comedy film starring <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972</td> <td><i>Lenny Bruce Without Tears</i></td> <td>Himself</td> <td>Documentary directed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Baker_(director)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred Baker (director) (page does not exist)">Fred Baker (director)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Baker_(Filmemacher)" class="extiw" title="de:Fred Baker (Filmemacher)">de</a>]</span>, VHS 1992 / DVD 2005 / download 2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Lenny_(film)" title="Lenny (film)">Lenny</a></i></td> <td>Biography directed by <a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> as Lenny</td> <td>Hoffman was nominated for: <ul><li>Academy award for Best Actor</li> <li>BAFTA award for Best Actor in a Leading Role</li> <li>Golden Globe award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984</td> <td><i>A Toast to Lenny Bruce</i></td> <td>Himself</td> <td>TV tribute available on LaserDisc / VHS </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Lenny_Bruce:_Swear_to_Tell_the_Truth" title="Lenny Bruce: Swear to Tell the Truth">Lenny Bruce: Swear to Tell the Truth</a></i></td> <td>Himself</td> <td>Academy award nominated documentary directed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Weide" title="Robert B. Weide">Robert B. Weide</a>, narrated by <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td><i>Looking for Lenny</i></td> <td>Himself</td> <td>Documentary featuring interviews with <a href="/wiki/Mort_Sahl" title="Mort Sahl">Mort Sahl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Diller" title="Phyllis Diller">Phyllis Diller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Black" title="Lewis Black">Lewis Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lewis_(comedian)" title="Richard Lewis (comedian)">Richard Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Bernhard" title="Sandra Bernhard">Sandra Bernhard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Winters" title="Jonathan Winters">Jonathan Winters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Klein" title="Robert Klein">Robert Klein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shelley_Berman" title="Shelley Berman">Shelley Berman</a> and others, North American Premiere <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Jewish_Film_Festival" title="Toronto Jewish Film Festival">Toronto Jewish Film Festival</a> May 2011, screened at Paris Beat Generation Days April 2011 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenny_Bruce&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Albums">Albums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenny_Bruce&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Albums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Title</th> <th>Label</th> <th>Format</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1958</td> <td><i>Interviews of Our Times</i></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Records" title="Fantasy Records">Fantasy Records</a></td> <td>LP / LP 1969 / CD 1991 / download</td> <td>2 tracks feature <a href="/wiki/Henry_Jacobs" title="Henry Jacobs">Henry Jacobs</a> & Woody Leifer, liner notes by Horace Sprott III & <a href="/wiki/Sleepy_John_Estes" title="Sleepy John Estes">Sleepy John Estes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959</td> <td><i>The Sick Humor of Lenny Bruce</i></td> <td>LP / LP / 8-track 1984 / CD 1991, 2012 & 2017 / download 2010</td> <td rowspan="3">Liner notes by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_J._Gleason" title="Ralph J. Gleason">Ralph J. Gleason</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960</td> <td><i>I Am Not a Nut, Elect Me! (Togetherness)</i></td> <td>LP / CD 1991 / download </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961</td> <td><i>American</i></td> <td>LP / CD 1991, 2013 & 2016 / download </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964</td> <td><i>Lenny Bruce Is Out Again</i></td> <td>Lenny Bruce</td> <td rowspan="2">LP / download 2004</td> <td>Self-published live recordings from 1958 to 1963 / Re-released on vinyl for Record Store Day's September 2020 Drop </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966</td> <td><i>Lenny Bruce Is Out Again</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philles_Records" title="Philles Records">Philles Records</a></td> <td>Totally different version PHLP-4010, produced by <a href="/wiki/Phil_Spector" title="Phil Spector">Phil Spector</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Posthumous_releases">Posthumous releases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenny_Bruce&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Posthumous releases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Title</th> <th>Label</th> <th>Format</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1966</td> <td><i>Why Did Lenny Bruce Die?</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a></td> <td>LP / LP 1974 / download 2014</td> <td>Interviews and recordings by <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Schiller" title="Lawrence Schiller">Lawrence Schiller</a>, Lionel Olay and Richard Warren Lewis </td></tr> <tr> <td>1967</td> <td><i>Lenny Bruce</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Records" title="United Artists Records">United Artists Records</a></td> <td>LP / LP 1986</td> <td>Recorded February 4, 1961, edited, reissued as <i>In Concert At Carnegie Hall</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1968</td> <td><i>The Essential Lenny Bruce Politics</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas Records">Douglas Records</a></td> <td>LP / download 2007</td> <td>Clips edited together with archival audio for historical context </td></tr> <tr> <td>1969</td> <td><i>The Berkeley Concert</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bizarre_Records" title="Bizarre Records">Bizarre Records</a>/<a href="/wiki/Reprise_Records" title="Reprise Records">Reprise Records</a></td> <td>2×LP / 2×LP 1971 / cassette 1991 / CD 1989, 2004 & 2017 / download 2005</td> <td>Recorded December 12, 1965, produced by John Judnich and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970</td> <td><i>To Is a Preposition; Come Is a Verb</i></td> <td>Douglas Records</td> <td>LP / LP 1971, 1975 & 2004 / CD 2000 & 2002 / download 2005 & 2007</td> <td>Recorded 1961–1964, LP reissues titled <i>What I Was Arrested For</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971</td> <td><i>Live at the Curran Theater</i></td> <td>Fantasy Records</td> <td>3×LP / 2×CD 1999 & 2017 / download 2006</td> <td>Recorded November 19, 1961 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972</td> <td><i>Carnegie Hall</i></td> <td>United Artists Records</td> <td>3×LP / 2×CD 1995 / download 2015</td> <td>Recorded February 4, 1961, unabridged </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974</td> <td><i>The Law, Language and Lenny Bruce</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warner-Spector_Records" title="Warner-Spector Records">Warner-Spector Records</a></td> <td>LP / cassette</td> <td>Produced by Phil Spector </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992</td> <td><i>Lenny Bruce</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhino_Entertainment" title="Rhino Entertainment">Rhino Entertainment</a></td> <td>CD / CD 2005</td> <td>Soundtrack from <i>The Lenny Bruce Performance Film</i> and reissued as <i>Live in San Francisco 1966</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995</td> <td><i>Live 1962: Busted!</i></td> <td>Viper's Nest Records</td> <td>CD / download 2010 & 2018</td> <td>Recorded December 4, 1962 at Chicago <a href="/wiki/Gate_of_Horn" title="Gate of Horn">Gate of Horn</a>, reissued as <i>Dirty Words – Live 1962</i> & <i>The Man That Shocked Britain: Gate of Horn, Chicago, December 1962</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004</td> <td><i>Let the Buyer Beware</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shout!_Factory" class="mw-redirect" title="Shout! Factory">Shout! Factory</a></td> <td>6×CD / book</td> <td>Previously unreleased material, produced by <a href="/wiki/Hal_Willner" title="Hal Willner">Hal Willner</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compilations">Compilations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenny_Bruce&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Compilations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The later compilations are released in the European Union under various oldies labels, as the content used is public domain in the EU. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Title</th> <th>Label</th> <th>Format</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1962</td> <td><i>The Best Of Lenny Bruce</i></td> <td rowspan="6">Fantasy Records</td> <td>LP / cassette 1990 / LP 1995</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972</td> <td><i>Thank You Masked Man</i></td> <td>LP / CD 2004 & 2005</td> <td>Enhanced CD with <i>Thank You Masked Man</i> short film </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975</td> <td><i>The Real Lenny Bruce</i></td> <td>2×LP</td> <td>Gatefold with inserts and poster </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982</td> <td><i>Unexpurgated : The Best Of Lenny Bruce</i></td> <td>LP</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1991</td> <td><i>The Lenny Bruce Originals Volume 1</i></td> <td rowspan="2">CD / CD 1992 & 1997 / download 2006 / CD 2013</td> <td>Reissue of first and second albums </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>The Lenny Bruce Originals Volume 2</i></td> <td>Reissue of third and fourth albums </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td><i>Classic Album Collection</i></td> <td>Golden Stars</td> <td>3×CD 2012</td> <td>First 4 albums with 4 bonus tracks </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">2013</td> <td><i>Great Audio Moments, Vol. 33: Lenny Bruce</i></td> <td rowspan="3">Global Journey</td> <td rowspan="3">download</td> <td>22 tracks, 105 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Great Audio Moments, Vol. 33: Lenny Bruce Pt. 1</i></td> <td>9 tracks, 39 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Great Audio Moments, Vol. 33: Lenny Bruce Pt. 2</i></td> <td>9 tracks, 43 minutes </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016</td> <td><i>Four Classic Albums Plus Bonus Tracks</i></td> <td>Real Gone Music</td> <td>4×CD</td> <td>First 4 albums with bonus tracks </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audiobooks">Audiobooks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenny_Bruce&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Audiobooks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Title</th> <th>Label</th> <th>Format</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>2000</td> <td><i>Shut Your Mouth And Open Your Mind – The Rise & Reckless Fall of Lenny Bruce</i></td> <td>Chrome Dreams</td> <td>CD / CD 2001 & 2005 / CD / download 2006 / CD 2017</td> <td>Biography read by Robin Clifford, stand up by Lenny and voices of people who knew him. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Trials_of_Lenny_Bruce" class="mw-redirect" title="The Trials of Lenny Bruce">The Trials of Lenny Bruce</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sourcebooks_MediaFusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Sourcebooks MediaFusion">Sourcebooks MediaFusion</a></td> <td>CD / book</td> <td>Features excerpts of Lenny's never-before-released trial tapes </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016</td> <td>Lenny Bruce: <i>How to Talk Dirty and Influence People: An Autobiography</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hachette_Audio" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachette Audio">Hachette Audio</a></td> <td>download / CD 2017</td> <td>Read by Ronnie Marmo, Preface by <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Black" title="Lewis Black">Lewis Black</a> & Foreword by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Reich">Howard Reich</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tribute_albums">Tribute albums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenny_Bruce&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tribute albums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Title</th> <th>Label</th> <th>Format</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1972</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jarl_Kulle" title="Jarl Kulle">Jarl Kulle</a>: <i>Som Lenny Bruce – Varför Gömmer Du Dig I Häcken?</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polar_Music" title="Polar Music">Polar Music</a></td> <td>2×LP</td> <td>Swedish actor performing Lenny, title translates to <i>Like Lenny Bruce – Why are you hiding in the hedge?</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenny_Bruce&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SMirC-laugh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/SMirC-laugh.svg/28px-SMirC-laugh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/SMirC-laugh.svg/42px-SMirC-laugh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/SMirC-laugh.svg/56px-SMirC-laugh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Comedy" title="Portal:Comedy">Comedy portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" 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30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAugust2005" class="citation news cs1">August, Melissa (September 5, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080408123916/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1109352,00.html">"Died"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1109352,00.html">the original</a> on April 8, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2008</span>. <q>78, ex-stripper who in 1951 married the soon-to-be-famous comedian Lenny Bruce; in Honolulu. Though the pair split in 1957 (they had a daughter, Kitty), the sometime actress who called herself "Lenny's Shady Lady" helped successfully lobby New York Governor George Pataki to pardon Bruce</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Died.&rft.date=2005-09-05&rft.aulast=August&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C1109352%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bh.org.il/blog-items/fearless-politically-incorrect-lenny-bruce/">"Let There Be Laughter – Jewish Humor Around the World"</a>. <i>Beit Hatfutsot</i>. June 14, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Beit+Hatfutsot&rft.atitle=Let+There+Be+Laughter+%E2%80%93+Jewish+Humor+Around+the+World&rft.date=2018-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bh.org.il%2Fblog-items%2Ffearless-politically-incorrect-lenny-bruce%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKifner2003" class="citation news cs1">Kifner, John (December 24, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/24/nyregion/no-joke-37-years-after-death-lenny-bruce-receives-pardon.html">"No Joke! 37 Years After Death Lenny Bruce Receives Pardon"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=No+Joke%21+37+Years+After+Death+Lenny+Bruce+Receives+Pardon&rft.date=2003-12-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Kifner&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F12%2F24%2Fnyregion%2Fno-joke-37-years-after-death-lenny-bruce-receives-pardon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKifner2003" class="citation news cs1">Kifner, John (December 24, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/24/nyregion/no-joke-37-years-after-death-lenny-bruce-receives-pardon.html">"No Joke! 37 Years After Death Lenny Bruce Receives Pardon"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archon Books. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0208022370" title="Special:BookSources/978-0208022370"><bdi>978-0208022370</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lenny+Bruce%3A+the+making+of+a+prophet&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Archon+Books&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0208022370&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=William+Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di3ZcAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DSally%2BMarr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A.H. Goldman. <i>Ladies and Gentlemen: Lenny Bruce!!</i> (New York: Random House, 1971), p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesmokinggun.com/file/lenny-bruce-navy-records?page=10">"Lenny Bruce's Gay Naval Ruse: Unearthed documents detail comedian's discharge"</a>, <a href="/wiki/TheSmokingGun.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheSmokingGun.com">TheSmokingGun.com</a>, August 31, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyack-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyack_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyacknewsandviews.com/2019/05/nyack-people-places-pass-the-f-ing-salt-lenny-bruce-in-nyack/">Nyack People & Places: Did Lenny Bruce Pass Through Nyack?</a> <i>Nyack News and Views</i>. 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New York, Random House. p. 349. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0394462745" title="Special:BookSources/978-0394462745"><bdi>978-0394462745</bdi></a> – via archive.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ladies+and+gentlemen+%E2%80%93+Lenny+Bruce%21%21&rft.pages=349&rft.pub=New+York%2C+Random+House&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0394462745&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fladiesgentlemenl00gold%2Fpage%2F348%2Fmode%2F2up%2Fsearch%2Ffree%2Bassociation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.villagevoice.com/2011/11/02/stand-up-seriously-or-when-lenny-bruce-got-a-camcorder-in-not-funny/">"Stand Up, Seriously. Or: When Lenny Bruce Got a Camcorder in Not Funny"</a>, Singer, Matt. <i>The Village Voice</i>, November 2, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kottler, Jeffrey A., <i>Divine Madness: Ten Stories of Creative Struggle</i> (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2006), 221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman, p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Official_Lenny_Bruce_site-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Official_Lenny_Bruce_site_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111113122849/http://www.lennybruceofficial.com/the-life-of-lenny-bruce/chronology-the-50s/">"Chronology – The 50s"</a>. <i>The Official Lenny Bruce Site</i>. Mystic Liquid. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lennybruceofficial.com/the-life-of-lenny-bruce/chronology-the-50s/">the original</a> on November 13, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Official+Lenny+Bruce+Site&rft.atitle=Chronology+%E2%80%93+The+50s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lennybruceofficial.com%2Fthe-life-of-lenny-bruce%2Fchronology-the-50s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Malley,_Ryan" class="citation news cs1">O'Malley, Ryan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111123024059/http://www.timesleader.com/pittstondispatch/news/Lenny_Bruce_rsquo_s_daughter_reaching_out_10-04-2009.html">"Lenny Bruce's daughter reaching out: Pittston resident Kitty Bruce hopes to help women in recovery with "Lenny's House"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Pittston Dispatch</i>. <a href="/wiki/Pittston,_Pennsylvania" title="Pittston, Pennsylvania">Pittston, Pennsylvania</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesleader.com/pittstondispatch/news/Lenny_Bruce_rsquo_s_daughter_reaching_out_10-04-2009.html">the original</a> on November 23, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pittston+Dispatch&rft.atitle=Lenny+Bruce%27s+daughter+reaching+out%3A+Pittston+resident+Kitty+Bruce+hopes+to+help+women+in+recovery+with+%22Lenny%27s+House%22&rft.au=O%27Malley%2C+Ryan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesleader.com%2Fpittstondispatch%2Fnews%2FLenny_Bruce_rsquo_s_daughter_reaching_out_10-04-2009.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Goldman" title="Albert Goldman">A.H. Goldman</a>. <i>Ladies and Gentlemen: Lenny Bruce!!</i> (New York: Random House, 1971), p. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Goldman" title="Albert Goldman">A.H. Goldman</a>. <i>Ladies and Gentlemen: Lenny Bruce!!</i> (New York: Random House, 1971), p. 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Bruce, D. Benenson. <i>Honey: The Life and Loves of Lenny's Shady Lady</i> (Mayflower, 1977)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGavin1993" class="citation news cs1">Gavin, James (October 3, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/03/movies/pop-music-a-free-spirited-survivor-lands-on-her-feet.html">"A Free-Spirited Survivor Lands on Her Feet"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Free-Spirited+Survivor+Lands+on+Her+Feet&rft.date=1993-10-03&rft.aulast=Gavin&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1993%2F10%2F03%2Fmovies%2Fpop-music-a-free-spirited-survivor-lands-on-her-feet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weide, Bob. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duckprods.com/weide/lotusremembrance.html">"A Lotus by Any other Name"</a>, Whyaduck Productions, 1998, n.d.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Goldman" title="Albert Goldman">A.H. Goldman</a>. <i>Ladies and Gentlemen: Lenny Bruce!!</i> (New York: Random House, 1971), p. 343.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollinsSkover2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_K._L._Collins" title="Ronald K. L. Collins">Collins, Ronald</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Skover" title="David Skover">Skover, David</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trialsoflennybru00coll/page/340"><i>The Trials of Lenny Bruce: The Fall and Rise of an American Icon</i></a>. Sourcebooks Mediafusion. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trialsoflennybru00coll/page/340">340</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1570719868" title="Special:BookSources/978-1570719868"><bdi>978-1570719868</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trials+of+Lenny+Bruce%3A+The+Fall+and+Rise+of+an+American+Icon&rft.pages=340&rft.pub=Sourcebooks+Mediafusion&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1570719868&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.au=Skover%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftrialsoflennybru00coll%2Fpage%2F340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120615141848/http://www.chatterfromthedugout.com/babe_and_brother_matthias.htm">"Babe Ruth and Brother Matthias"</a>. Chatterfromthedugout.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chatterfromthedugout.com/babe_and_brother_matthias.htm">the original</a> on June 15, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Babe+Ruth+and+Brother+Matthias&rft.pub=Chatterfromthedugout.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chatterfromthedugout.com%2Fbabe_and_brother_matthias.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613155335/http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/lennybruce/chronology.htm#1961">"Lenny Bruce – Chronology"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freenetpages.co.uk/hp/lennybruce/chronology.htm#1961">the original</a> on June 13, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lenny+Bruce+%E2%80%93+Chronology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreenetpages.co.uk%2Fhp%2Flennybruce%2Fchronology.htm%231961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-linder-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-linder_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-linder_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinder" class="citation web cs1">Linder, Doug. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/bruce/bruceaccount.html">"The Trials of Lenny Bruce"</a>. <i>Famous Trials: The Lenny Bruce Trial 1964</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Famous+Trials%3A+The+Lenny+Bruce+Trial+1964&rft.atitle=The+Trials+of+Lenny+Bruce&rft.aulast=Linder&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw2.umkc.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fprojects%2Fftrials%2Fbruce%2Fbruceaccount.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gross, David C. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ny1o6iXffDgC&q=shmuck">English-Yiddish, Yiddish–English Dictionary: Romanized</a></i> Hippocrene Books, 1995. p. 144. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0781804396" title="Special:BookSources/0781804396">0781804396</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thecomicscomic.com/2014/03/25/comedians-in-courthouses-getting-cuffed-lenny-bruce-and-george-carlin-december-1962/">"Comedians in Courthouses Getting Cuffed: Lenny Bruce and George Carlin, December 1962"</a>. <i>The Critic's Comic</i>. March 25, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Lennybruceofficial.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lennybruceofficial.com/the-life-of-lenny-bruce/chronology-the-60s/">the original</a> on November 8, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronology+%E2%80%93+The+60%27s+%26%23124%3B+The+Official+Lenny+Bruce+Website&rft.pub=Lennybruceofficial.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lennybruceofficial.com%2Fthe-life-of-lenny-bruce%2Fchronology-the-60s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/bruce/brucetrial.html">Excerpts from the Lenny Bruce Trial (Cafe Au Go Go)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100628084404/http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/bruce/brucetrial.html">Archived</a> June 28, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved June 25, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>People v. Solomon</i>, 26 N.Y.2d. 621.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-paley-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-paley_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paleycenter.org/pressrelease-2004-lenny-bruce">"The Museum of Television & Radio Presents Two Five-Letter Words: Lenny Bruce"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Paley_Center_for_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="The Paley Center for Media">The Paley Center for Media</a></i>. July 18, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Paley+Center+for+Media&rft.atitle=The+Museum+of+Television+%26+Radio+Presents+Two+Five-Letter+Words%3A+Lenny+Bruce&rft.date=2008-07-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paleycenter.org%2Fpressrelease-2004-lenny-bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Neville1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville_(writer)" title="Richard Neville (writer)">Richard Neville</a> (1995). <i>Hippie Hippie Shake</i>. Australia: William Heinemann. pp. 21–22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0855615230" title="Special:BookSources/0855615230"><bdi>0855615230</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hippie+Hippie+Shake&rft.place=Australia&rft.pages=21-22&rft.pub=William+Heinemann&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0855615230&rft.au=Richard+Neville&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman, p. 372.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerek_Strahan" class="citation web cs1">Derek Strahan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revolve.com.au/pdfs/lennybruce.pdf">"When I opened for Lenny Bruce in Australia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>revolve.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=revolve.com&rft.atitle=When+I+opened+for+Lenny+Bruce+in+Australia&rft.au=Derek+Strahan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.revolve.com.au%2Fpdfs%2Flennybruce.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/lenny_bruces_visit_to_sydney_1962">"Lenny Bruce's visit to Sydney 1962"</a>. <i>dictionaryofsydney.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dictionaryofsydney.org&rft.atitle=Lenny+Bruce%27s+visit+to+Sydney+1962&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionaryofsydney.org%2Fentry%2Flenny_bruces_visit_to_sydney_1962&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Adams" class="citation web cs1">Michael Adams. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://michaeladamswrites.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/lenny-bruce.pdf">"When Lenny Met Sydney"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>michaeladamswrites wordpress site</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=michaeladamswrites+wordpress+site&rft.atitle=When+Lenny+Met+Sydney&rft.au=Michael+Adams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmichaeladamswrites.files.wordpress.com%2F2015%2F05%2Flenny-bruce.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/booksandarts/lenny-bruce-and-his-ill-fated-sydney-tour/4636758">"Lenny Bruce and his ill-fated Sydney tour"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a></i>. April 18, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=Lenny+Bruce+and+his+ill-fated+Sydney+tour&rft.date=2013-04-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fradionational%2Fprograms%2Fbooksandarts%2Flenny-bruce-and-his-ill-fated-sydney-tour%2F4636758&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-graham-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-graham_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham,_BillGreenfield,_Robert2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Graham_(promoter)" title="Bill Graham (promoter)">Graham, Bill</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Greenfield" title="Robert Greenfield">Greenfield, Robert</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wnZ0qL3QdkgC&q=%22whacked+out+on+amphetamines%22&pg=PA159"><i>Bill Graham Presents: My Life Inside Rock and Out</i></a>. Da Capo Press. p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0306813498" title="Special:BookSources/978-0306813498"><bdi>978-0306813498</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bill+Graham+Presents%3A+My+Life+Inside+Rock+and+Out&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0306813498&rft.au=Graham%2C+Bill&rft.au=Greenfield%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwnZ0qL3QdkgC%26q%3D%2522whacked%2Bout%2Bon%2Bamphetamines%2522%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graham, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zappa-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zappa_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZappa,_FrankOcchiogrosso,_Peter1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Zappa, Frank</a>; Occhiogrosso, Peter (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FB0O_HCpBy0C&q=Zappa+asked+lenny+bruce+to+sign+his+draft+card&pg=PA69"><i>The Real Frank Zappa Book</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0671705725" title="Special:BookSources/978-0671705725"><bdi>978-0671705725</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Real+Frank+Zappa+Book&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0671705725&rft.au=Zappa%2C+Frank&rft.au=Occhiogrosso%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFB0O_HCpBy0C%26q%3DZappa%2Basked%2Blenny%2Bbruce%2Bto%2Bsign%2Bhis%2Bdraft%2Bcard%26pg%3DPA69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-watts-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-watts_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatts2009" class="citation book cs1">Watts, Steven (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m5b_eM3twmEC&q=how+to+talk+dirty+and+influence+people+lenny+bruce+hefner+serialized+in+playboy&pg=PA190"><i>Mr Playboy: Hugh Hefner and the American dream</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0470501375" title="Special:BookSources/978-0470501375"><bdi>978-0470501375</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mr+Playboy%3A+Hugh+Hefner+and+the+American+dream&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0470501375&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm5b_eM3twmEC%26q%3Dhow%2Bto%2Btalk%2Bdirty%2Band%2Binfluence%2Bpeople%2Blenny%2Bbruce%2Bhefner%2Bserialized%2Bin%2Bplayboy%26pg%3DPA190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ep.tc/realist/index.html">"The Realist Archive Project"</a>. Issues 15, 41, 48, 54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Realist+Archive+Project&rft.pages=Issues+15%2C+41%2C+48%2C+54&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ep.tc%2Frealist%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0151327/">"Lenny Bruce: Without Tears (1972)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></i>. July 5, 1972<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Lenny+Bruce%3A+Without+Tears+%281972%29&rft.date=1972-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0151327%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzGy9VAKpc8">"Lenny Bruce Memorial Service Judson Memorial Church New York City August 12, 1966"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. July 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/PzGy9VAKpc8">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Lenny+Bruce+Memorial+Service+Judson+Memorial+Church+New+York+City+August+12%2C+1966&rft.date=2013-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DPzGy9VAKpc8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinnis2003" class="citation news cs1">Minnis, Glenn (December 23, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/lenny-bruce-pardoned/">"Lenny Bruce Pardoned"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>/<a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News%2FAssociated+Press&rft.atitle=Lenny+Bruce+Pardoned&rft.date=2003-12-23&rft.aulast=Minnis&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Flenny-bruce-pardoned%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-totn-hentoff-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-totn-hentoff_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConan2003" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Neal_Conan" title="Neal Conan">Conan, Neal</a> (December 23, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1567644">"Lenny Bruce Pardoned: Interview with Nat Hentoff (with audio link)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Talk_of_the_Nation" title="Talk of the Nation">Talk of the Nation</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Talk+of+the+Nation&rft.atitle=Lenny+Bruce+Pardoned%3A+Interview+with+Nat+Hentoff+%28with+audio+link%29&rft.date=2003-12-23&rft.aulast=Conan&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D1567644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris,_Sydney_J.1969" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_J._Harris" title="Sydney J. Harris">Harris, Sydney J.</a> (November 5, 1969), <i>Rochester Democrat and Chronicle</i>, p. 36</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rochester+Democrat+and+Chronicle&rft.pages=36&rft.date=1969-11-05&rft.au=Harris%2C+Sydney+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/list/ls509798303/">"List of Comedy Central's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups of All Time"</a>. IMDB.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Comedy+Central%27s+100+Greatest+Stand-Ups+of+All+Time&rft.pub=IMDB.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Flist%2Fls509798303%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.contactmusic.com/richard-pryor/news/pryor.-i-owe-it-all-to-lenny-bruce">"Pryor: I Owe It All To Lenny Bruce"</a>. <i>Contactmusic.com</i>. May 21, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contactmusic.com&rft.atitle=Pryor%3A+I+Owe+It+All+To+Lenny+Bruce&rft.date=2004-05-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.contactmusic.com%2Frichard-pryor%2Fnews%2Fpryor.-i-owe-it-all-to-lenny-bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thecharleton03carl/page/n245">"His Humour On Our Hubris: George Carlin in Ottawa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Charlatan_(student_newspaper)" title="The Charlatan (student newspaper)">The Charlatan</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shmaltzbrewing.com/HEBREW/lennys.html">the original</a> on October 31, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HE%27BREW+The+Chosen+Beer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shmaltzbrewing.com%2FHEBREW%2Flennys.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genius.com/Metric-on-the-sly-lyrics">"Metric – On the Sly"</a>. <i>Genius</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Genius&rft.atitle=Metric+%E2%80%93+On+the+Sly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgenius.com%2FMetric-on-the-sly-lyrics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1">"Comic Perversion". <i>Law & Order: Special Victims Unit</i>. Season 15. Episode 15. February 26, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Law+%26+Order%3A+Special+Victims+Unit&rft.series=Season+15.+Episode+15&rft.date=2014-02-26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emmys.com/awards/nominees-winners">"71st Emmy Awards Nominees and Winners"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Emmy_Awards" title="Emmy Awards">Television Academy</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Television+Academy&rft.atitle=71st+Emmy+Awards+Nominees+and+Winners&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.emmys.com%2Fawards%2Fnominees-winners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120822162034/http://classes.seattleu.edu/law/professors/skover/trialsoflennybruce/index.htm">"Trials of Lenny Bruce"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classes.seattleu.edu/law/professors/skover/trialsoflennybruce/index.htm">the original</a> on August 22, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trials+of+Lenny+Bruce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclasses.seattleu.edu%2Flaw%2Fprofessors%2Fskover%2Ftrialsoflennybruce%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediamaestro.net/lenny.htm">"Lenny Bruce: The Making of a Prophet"</a>. Mediamaestro.net. June 3, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lenny+Bruce%3A+The+Making+of+a+Prophet&rft.pub=Mediamaestro.net&rft.date=2010-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediamaestro.net%2Flenny.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenny_Bruce&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTest1977" class="citation journal cs1">Test, George A (1977). "On 'Lenny Bruce without Tears'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>College English</i>. <b>38</b> (5): 517–519. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F376395">10.2307/376395</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/376395">376395</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=College+English&rft.atitle=On+%27Lenny+Bruce+without+Tears%27&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=517-519&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F376395&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F376395%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Test&rft.aufirst=George+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9358140/Lenny-Bruce">"Lenny Bruce: Britannica Concise"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lenny+Bruce%3A+Britannica+Concise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconcise.britannica.com%2Febc%2Farticle-9358140%2FLenny-Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bartelby.org/65/br/Bruce-Le.html">"Bruce, Lenny – The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001–05"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bruce%2C+Lenny+%E2%80%93+The+Columbia+Encyclopedia%2C+Sixth+Edition.+2001%E2%80%9305&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbartelby.org%2F65%2Fbr%2FBruce-Le.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.who2.com/lennybruce.html">"Lenny Bruce: A Who2 Profile"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lenny+Bruce%3A+A+Who2+Profile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who2.com%2Flennybruce.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genesis-discography.org/Glyricsframe.htm">"A Genesis Discography"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Genesis+Discography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.genesis-discography.org%2FGlyricsframe.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenny_Bruce&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lenny_Bruce" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Lenny Bruce">Lenny Bruce</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lennybruceofficial.com">The Official Lenny Bruce Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vault.fbi.gov/Lenny%20Bruce">FBI Records: The Vault – Lenny Bruce</a> at fbi.gov</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0115533/">Lenny Bruce</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.nypl.org/record=b18018600~S1">Correspondence and Other Papers Pertaining to Lenny Bruce's Drug Case</a>, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="New York Public Library for the Performing Arts">New York Public Library for the Performing Arts</a></li></ul> <p><b>Articles</b> </p> <ul><li>Linder, Douglas, "The Lenny Bruce Trial: An Account" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://famous-trials.com/lennybruce/556-home">"Famous Trials: The Lenny Bruce Trial, 1964"</a></li> <li>Azlant, Edward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sheckymagazine.com/azlant.htm">"Lenny Bruce Again"</a>, <i>Shecky Magazine</i>, August 22, 2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gilmore_(writer)" title="John Gilmore (writer)">Gilmore, John</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johngilmore.com/Celebrities/lennybruce.html">"Lenny Bruce and the Bunny"</a>, excerpt from <i>Laid Bare: A Memoir of Wrecked Lives and the Hollywood Death Trip</i> (Amok Books, 1997). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1878923080" title="Special:BookSources/978-1878923080">978-1878923080</a></li> <li>Harnisch, Larry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/thedailymirror/2007/04/voices.html">"Voices"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>, April 13, 2007. (Reminiscences by saxophonist Dave Pell)</li> <li>Kaufman, Anthony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080416222400/http://www.indiewire.com/people/int_Weide_Robert_981023.html">"Robert Weide's 'Lenny Bruce': 12 Years in-the-Negotiations"</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived April 16, 2008) (interview with <i>Swear to Tell the Truth</i> producer), Indiewire.com, April 16, 2008</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Hentoff" title="Nat Hentoff">Hentoff, Nat</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gadflyonline.com/archive/MarchApril01/archive-lennybruce.html">"Lenny Bruce: The crucifixion of a true believer"</a>, <i>Gadfly</i> March/April 2001</li> <li>Sloan, Will. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162056/http://penguinrandomhouse.ca/hazlitt/feature/lenny-bruce-funny">"Is Lenny Bruce Still Funny?"</a>, <i>Hazlitt</i>, November 4, 2014</li> <li>Smith, Daniel V. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lennybruce.angelfire.com/chronology.html">"The Complete Lenny Bruce Chronology"</a> (fan site)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediamaestro.net/lenny.htm">"Lenny Bruce: The Making of a Prophet"</a> Memoir and pictures from Bruce's principal collaborator, Media Maestro 2001.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKringas,_Damian2012" class="citation web cs1">Kringas, Damian (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/lenny_bruces_visit_to_sydney_1962">"Lenny Bruce's visit to Sydney 1962"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Sydney" title="Dictionary of Sydney">Dictionary of Sydney</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+Sydney&rft.atitle=Lenny+Bruce%27s+visit+to+Sydney+1962&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Kringas%2C+Damian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionaryofsydney.org%2Fentry%2Flenny_bruces_visit_to_sydney_1962&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span> [<a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">CC-By-SA</a>]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanny2015" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jarrod_Tanny" title="Jarrod Tanny">Tanny, Jarrod</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181024231928/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+anti-gospel+of+Lenny,+Larry+and+Sarah:+Jewish+humor+and+the+...-a0411333834">"The Anti-Gospel of Lenny, Larry and Sarah: Jewish Humor and the Desecration of Christendom"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_History" title="American Jewish History">American Jewish History</a></i>. <b>99</b> (2): 167–193. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fajh.2015.0023">10.1353/ajh.2015.0023</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+anti-gospel+of+Lenny%2C+Larry+and+Sarah%3A+Jewish+humor+and+the+...-a0411333834">the original</a> on October 24, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Jewish+History&rft.atitle=The+Anti-Gospel+of+Lenny%2C+Larry+and+Sarah%3A+Jewish+Humor+and+the+Desecration+of+Christendom&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=167-193&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fajh.2015.0023&rft.aulast=Tanny&rft.aufirst=Jarrod&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreelibrary.com%2FThe%2Banti-gospel%2Bof%2BLenny%252C%2BLarry%2Band%2BSarah%253A%2BJewish%2Bhumor%2Band%2Bthe%2B...-a0411333834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenny+Bruce" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><b> Audio/video </b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fadedpage.com/csearch.php?author=Bruce%2C%20Lenny">Works by Lenny Bruce</a> at <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Proofreaders_Canada" title="Distributed Proofreaders Canada">Faded Page</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080416222400/http://www.indiewire.com/people/int_Weide_Robert_981023.html">"Come and Gone/Thank you, Mr. Masked Man!", My KPFA – A Historical Footnote (1961 Jazz Workshop performance and two 1963 performances)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived April 16, 2008)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/bruce/brucevideo.html">Video Clips Relating to the Trial of Lenny Bruce</a> as assembled by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri-Kansas_City" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Missouri-Kansas City">University of Missouri-Kansas City</a> Law School</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14004408j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14004408j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0172075&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX867292">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069705852">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/fcrv0ggz09gxxpk">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9811281178905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007259010005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14311917">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/37a6a415-a555-47c2-affd-d003effab463">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/lenny-bruce/10816">Grammy Awards</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/123552435">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/079837751">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10581657">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6qp6zv9">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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