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id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ڕواڵەت" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ڕواڵەت</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ckb.wikipedia.org&uselang=ckb" class=""><span>بەخشین بە ویکیپیدیا</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1&returnto=%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تۆ ھان دەدرێیت کە ھەژمارێک دروست بکەیت و بچیتە ژوورەوە، ئەمە سەرەکی نییە بەھەرحاڵ" class=""><span>ھەژمار دروست بکە</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1&returnto=%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پێشنیارت پێدەکرێ بچیتە ژوورەوە؛ ھەرچەندە زۆرت لێناکرێ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>بچۆ ژوورەوە</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ھەڵبژاردەی زیاتر" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ئامڕازە تاکەکەسییەکان" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ئامڕازە تاکەکەسییەکان</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ckb.wikipedia.org&uselang=ckb"><span>بەخشین بە ویکیپیدیا</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1&returnto=%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تۆ ھان دەدرێیت کە ھەژمارێک دروست بکەیت و بچیتە ژوورەوە، ئەمە سەرەکی نییە بەھەرحاڵ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ھەژمار دروست بکە</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1&returnto=%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پێشنیارت پێدەکرێ بچیتە ژوورەوە؛ ھەرچەندە زۆرت لێناکرێ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>بچۆ ژوورەوە</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ئەو پەڕانەی بۆ ئەو دەستکاریکەرانەن کە لەدەرەوەن <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" aria-label="زیاتر لەسەر دەستکاریکردن فێر بە"><span>زیاتر فێر بە</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85" title="پێڕستی ئەو دەستکارییانەی لەم ناونیشانی ئای-پییەوە کراوە [y]" accesskey="y"><span>بەشدارییەکان</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D9%84%DB%8E%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%85" title="لێدوان لەسەر دەستکارییەکان لەم ئایپی ئەدرەسەوە [n]" accesskey="n"><span>لێدوان</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="پێگە"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ناوەڕۆکەکان" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ناوەڕۆکەکان</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">بخە لاتەنیشت</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">بشارەوە</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">دەستپێک</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ھۆکارەکانی_داخورانی_خاک" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ھۆکارەکانی_داخورانی_خاک"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">١</span> <span>ھۆکارەکانی داخورانی خاک</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ھۆکارەکانی_داخورانی_خاک-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-پێشانگا" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#پێشانگا"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">٢</span> <span>پێشانگا</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-پێشانگا-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-سەرچاوەکان" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#سەرچاوەکان"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">٣</span> <span>سەرچاوەکان</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-سەرچاوەکان-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ناوەڕۆکەکان" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="خشتەی ناوەڕۆکەکان بگۆڕە" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">خشتەی ناوەڕۆکەکان بگۆڕە</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">داخوران</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="بڕۆ بۆ وتارێک بە زمانێکی تر. بە ٧٩ زمان بەردەستە" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">٧٩ زمان</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korozyon" title="Korozyon – کوردی" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Korozyon" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="کوردی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korrosie" title="Korrosie – ئەفریکانس" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Korrosie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ئەفریکانس" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korrosion" title="Korrosion – ئەڵمانیی سویسڕا" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Korrosion" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ئەڵمانیی سویسڕا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A2%D9%83%D9%84" title="تآكل – عەرەبی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تآكل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عەرەبی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escomiu" title="Escomiu – ئاستۆری" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Escomiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ئاستۆری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korroziya" title="Korroziya – ئازەربایجانی" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Korroziya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ئازەربایجانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A6%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87" title="یئییلمه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یئییلمه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Карозія – بیلاڕووسی" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карозія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بیلاڕووسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Корозия – بۆلگاری" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Корозия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بۆلگاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korozija" title="Korozija – بۆسنی" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Korozija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بۆسنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosi%C3%B3" title="Corrosió – كاتالۆنی" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Corrosió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="كاتالۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%83ng-c%C4%ADng" title="Săng-cĭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Săng-cĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koroze" title="Koroze – چێکی" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Koroze" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چێکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrydu" title="Cyrydu – وێلزی" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyrydu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="وێلزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korrosion" title="Korrosion – دانماركی" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Korrosion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="دانماركی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korrosion" title="Korrosion – ئەڵمانی" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Korrosion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ئەڵمانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%B2%CF%81%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Διάβρωση – یۆنانی" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διάβρωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یۆنانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosion" title="Corrosion – ئینگلیزی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Corrosion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ئینگلیزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korodo" title="Korodo – ئێسپیرانتۆ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Korodo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ئێسپیرانتۆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosi%C3%B3n" title="Corrosión – ئیسپانی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Corrosión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ئیسپانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korrosioon" title="Korrosioon – ئیستۆنی" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Korrosioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ئیستۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korrosio" title="Korrosio – باسکی" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Korrosio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="خوردگی – فارسی" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خوردگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korroosio" title="Korroosio – فینلەندی" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Korroosio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینلەندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosion" title="Corrosion – فەرەنسی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Corrosion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فەرەنسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korroazje" title="Korroazje – فریسیی ڕۆژاوا" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Korroazje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="فریسیی ڕۆژاوا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creimeadh" title="Creimeadh – ئیرلەندی" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Creimeadh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ئیرلەندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosi%C3%B3n" title="Corrosión – گالیسی" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Corrosión" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="گالیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94" title="קורוזיה – عیبری" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קורוזיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عیبری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="संक्षारण – هیندی" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संक्षारण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="هیندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korozija" title="Korozija – كرواتی" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Korozija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="كرواتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korr%C3%B3zi%C3%B3" title="Korrózió – هەنگاری" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Korrózió" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="هەنگاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Կոռոզիա – ئەرمەنی" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոռոզիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ئەرمەنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korosi" title="Korosi – ئیندۆنیزی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Korosi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ئیندۆنیزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korodo" title="Korodo – ئیدۆ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Korodo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ئیدۆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A6ring" title="Tæring – ئیسلەندی" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tæring" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ئیسلەندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosione" title="Corrosione – ئیتالی" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Corrosione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ئیتالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%90%E9%A3%9F" title="腐食 – ژاپۆنی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="腐食" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ژاپۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korosi" title="Korosi – جاڤایی" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Korosi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="جاڤایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კოროზია – گۆرجستانی" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოროზია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="گۆرجستانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Жегіде – کازاخی" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жегіде" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="کازاخی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EC%8B%9D" title="부식 – كۆری" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="부식" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="كۆری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Коррозия – كرگیزی" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Коррозия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="كرگیزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korozija" title="Korozija – لیتوانی" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Korozija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="لیتوانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korozija" title="Korozija – لێتۆنی" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Korozija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لێتۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Корозија – ماكێدۆنی" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Корозија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ماكێدۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ലോഹനാശനം – مالایالام" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലോഹനാശനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مالایالام" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Зэврэлт – مەنگۆلی" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зэврэлт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="مەنگۆلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengakisan" title="Pengakisan – مالیزی" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengakisan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="مالیزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_(%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Чемень (кшнипонат) – ئێرزیا" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Чемень (кшнипонат)" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ئێرزیا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosie" title="Corrosie – هۆڵەندی" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Corrosie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هۆڵەندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korrosjon" title="Korrosjon – نەرویژیی نینۆرسک" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Korrosjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="نەرویژیی نینۆرسک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korrosjon" title="Korrosjon – نەرویژیی بۆکمال" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Korrosjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نەرویژیی بۆکمال" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosion" title="Corrosion – ئۆکسیتانی" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Corrosion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ئۆکسیتانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਜ਼ੰਗ – پەنجابی" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜ਼ੰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پەنجابی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korozja" title="Korozja – پۆڵەندی" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Korozja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پۆڵەندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corros%C3%A3o" title="Corrosão – پورتوگالی" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Corrosão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پورتوگالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroziune" title="Coroziune – ڕۆمانی" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Coroziune" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ڕۆمانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Коррозия – ڕووسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коррозия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ڕووسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korozija" title="Korozija – سێربۆكرواتی" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Korozija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="سێربۆكرواتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosion" title="Corrosion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Corrosion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%B3zia" title="Korózia – سلۆڤاكی" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Korózia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلۆڤاكی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korozija" title="Korozija – سلۆڤێنی" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Korozija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلۆڤێنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kun%27ura" title="Kun'ura – شۆنا" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kun'ura" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="شۆنا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korrozioni" title="Korrozioni – ئەڵبانی" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Korrozioni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ئەڵبانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korozija" title="Korozija – سربی" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Korozija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korosi" title="Korosi – سوندانی" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Korosi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="سوندانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korrosion" title="Korrosion – سویدی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Korrosion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویدی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அரிமானம் – تامیلی" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அரிமானம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامیلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="การกัดกร่อน – تایلەندی" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การกัดกร่อน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="تایلەندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korozyon" title="Korozyon – تورکی" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Korozyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="تورکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Корозія – ئۆكراینی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Корозія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ئۆكراینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korroziya" title="Korroziya – ئوزبەکی" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Korroziya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ئوزبەکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%82n_m%C3%B2n" title="Ăn mòn – ڤیەتنامی" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ăn mòn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ڤیەتنامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%90%E8%9A%80" title="腐蚀 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="腐蚀" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myaex" title="Myaex – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Myaex" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%90%E8%9A%80" title="腐蚀 – چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="腐蚀" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%E2%81%BF-sian" title="Seⁿ-sian – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Seⁿ-sian" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%90%E8%9D%95" title="腐蝕 – کانتۆنی" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="腐蝕" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="کانتۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q137056#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="بەستەرەکانی نێوانویکی دەستکاری بکە" class="wbc-editpage">دەستکاریی گرێدانەکان</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="شوێنناوەکان"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بینینی پەڕەی ناوەڕۆک [c]" accesskey="c"><span>وتار</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98:%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" rel="discussion" title="وتووێژ سەبارەت بە پەڕەی ناوەڕۆک [t]" accesskey="t"><span>وتووێژ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:CiteThisPage&page=%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86&id=1354417&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="زانیاری سەبارەت بە چۆنیەتیی بە ژێدەر کردنی ئەم پەڕە"><span>ئەم پەڕەیە بکە بە ژێدەر</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fckb.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AE%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586"><span>بەستەری کورتکراوە بەدەست بێنە</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fckb.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AE%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586"><span>کۆدی کیوئاڕ داگرە</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> چاپکردن/ھەناردەکردن </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86"><span>دروستکردنی کتێبێک</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86&action=show-download-screen"><span>داگرتن بە PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86&printable=yes" title="وەشانی چاپی ئەم پەڕەیە [p]" accesskey="p"><span>وەشانی ئامادەی چاپ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> لە پڕۆژەکانی تر </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Corrosion" hreflang="en"><span>ویکیمیدیا کۆمنز</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q137056" title="بەستەر بۆ بەندی خەزێنەی دراوەی پەیوەندیدار [g]" accesskey="g"><span>بەندی ویکیدراوە</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ئامرازەکانی پەڕە"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ڕواڵەت"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ڕواڵەت</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">بخە لاتەنیشت</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">بشارەوە</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">لە ئینسایکڵۆپیدیای ئازادی ویکیپیدیاوە</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ckb" dir="rtl"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DA%AF%DB%95:Antelope_Canyon_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Antelope_Canyon_%282%29.JPG/300px-Antelope_Canyon_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Antelope_Canyon_%282%29.JPG/450px-Antelope_Canyon_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Antelope_Canyon_%282%29.JPG/600px-Antelope_Canyon_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>داخورانێکی سروشتی خاک لە دۆڵی ئانتلۆپ.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>داخوران</b> (بە <a href="/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="زمانی ئینگلیزی">ئینگلیزی</a>: <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Corrosion</span>) پرۆسەی لەناوبردنی لەسەرخۆی ڕووکاری ماددەکانە. داخورانی خاک، داکشان و ڕاماڵینی بەردەوامی خاکە لە خاڵێکەوە بۆ خاڵێکی تر بەھۆی ئاو یان با.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>١<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> داخوران پرۆسەیەکە تێیدا گەردیلەی خاک لە بنچەی خۆیان جیادەبێتەوە و بە یارمەتی ھۆکارێکی گواستنەوە دەگوازرێتەوە بۆ شوێنێکی تر. بە گشتی وشەی داخوران بە دوو ئاراستە دادەکشێت: یەکەم ڕاماڵین کە بەزۆری لە خاکە کشتوکاڵی و چەمەکان و ڕووبارە وەرزییەکان ڕوو دەدات. دووەم بریتییە لە ھەرەس و ڕەنوی خاک بەھۆی بارانی بە لێزمە و لافاوی گەورە.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>٢<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> کاتێک باس لە داخوران دەکرێت، یەکسەر ئەو کاریگەری و نیشانانەی کە جۆری ڕووخان دیاری دەکەن دێنە بەرچاو کە پەیوەستن بە خراپبوون، دروێنەکردن، گواستنەوەی ماددەکان و سڕکردن و داماڵین یان کەڵەکەبوونی ماددەکان. ڕۆکردنی خاک پڕۆسەیەکی نەرێنی سرووشتی و نائاسایییە کە لە ناوچە بێسەروبەر و شوێنە نزمەکان ڕوو دەدات.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>٣<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> لەم حاڵەتەدا خاک تایبەتمەندییە بەپیتەکەی لەدەست دەدات لە ھەمان کاتدا ڕووەکەی ناگۆڕدرێت بۆ بیابان ڕووداوی لەو جۆرە لە وڵاتانی ئاسیای ناوەڕاست ھەیە چونکە لە ھاویندا شێ زۆر کەم دەبێت. ئاوەکە لەژێر ڕەگی ڕوەکەکان ھەڵم دەبێت بەھۆی گەرمی ھەواوە و ڕوەکەکان وشک دەبن و دەمرن.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>٤<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DA%AF%DB%95:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%91%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%B2._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0._%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D0%B7%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%91%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%B2._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0._%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D0%B7%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83.jpg/300px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%91%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%B2._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0._%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D0%B7%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%91%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%B2._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0._%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D0%B7%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83.jpg/450px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%91%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%B2._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0._%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D0%B7%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%91%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%B2._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0._%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D0%B7%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83.jpg/600px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%91%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%B2._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0._%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D0%B7%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>کڵێسایەکی داخوراو بەھۆی بارانەوە لە بیلاڕووسیا.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ھۆکارەکانی_داخورانی_خاک"><span id=".DA.BE.DB.86.DA.A9.D8.A7.D8.B1.DB.95.DA.A9.D8.A7.D9.86.DB.8C_.D8.AF.D8.A7.D8.AE.D9.88.D8.B1.D8.A7.D9.86.DB.8C_.D8.AE.D8.A7.DA.A9"></span>ھۆکارەکانی داخورانی خاک</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86&action=edit&section=1" title="دەستکاریکردنی بەش: ھۆکارەکانی داخورانی خاک"><span>دەستکاری</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>ھێزی کێش کردنی زەوی</li> <li>ئاوی ژێڕ زەوی</li> <li>ئاوی سەر زەوی (ڕووبار و کانیاوەکان)</li> <li>سەھۆڵبەندان</li> <li>شەپۆڵەکانی با و بۆران</li> <li>باران و لافاوی بە خوڕ</li> <li>دەستکارییە مرۆیییەکان</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="پێشانگا"><span id=".D9.BE.DB.8E.D8.B4.D8.A7.D9.86.DA.AF.D8.A7"></span>پێشانگا</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86&action=edit&section=2" title="دەستکاریکردنی بەش: پێشانگا"><span>دەستکاری</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DA%AF%DB%95:KharazaArch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="داخورانێکی خاک بەھۆی ئاو و با"><img alt="داخورانێکی خاک بەھۆی ئاو و با" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/KharazaArch.jpg/120px-KharazaArch.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/KharazaArch.jpg/180px-KharazaArch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/KharazaArch.jpg/240px-KharazaArch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1908" data-file-height="1456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1314163">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/erosion-geology">«erosion | Description, Causes, Facts, & Types»</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i> (بە ئینگلیزی)<span class="reference-accessdate">. لە ١ی ئازاری ٢٠٢١ ھێنراوە</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=erosion+%7C+Description%2C+Causes%2C+Facts%2C+%26+Types&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Ferosion-geology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fckb.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1314163"><cite id="CITEREFLouvat2008" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Louvat، Pascale (2008-05-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210606212628/https://www.ajsonline.org/content/308/5/679">«Chemical and mechanical erosion rates in Iceland as deduced from river dissolved and solid material»</a>. <i>American Journal of Science</i> (بە ئینگلیزی). <b>308</b> (5): 679–726. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (ئەم پەڕەیە نییە)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2475%2F05.2008.02">10.2475/05.2008.02</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISSN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISSN (identifier) (ئەم پەڕەیە نییە)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9599">0002-9599</a>. لە <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajsonline.org/content/308/5/679">ڕەسەنەکە</a> لە ٦ی حوزەیرانی ٢٠٢١ ئەرشیڤ کراوە<span class="reference-accessdate">. لە ٢٨ی شوباتی ٢٠٢١ ھێنراوە</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Science&rft.atitle=Chemical+and+mechanical+erosion+rates+in+Iceland+as+deduced+from+river+dissolved+and+solid+material&rft.volume=308&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=679-726&rft.date=2008-05-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2475%2F05.2008.02&rft.issn=0002-9599&rft.aulast=Louvat&rft.aufirst=Pascale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajsonline.org%2Fcontent%2F308%2F5%2F679&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fckb.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%95%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%95:Cite_journal" title="داڕێژە:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">زیاتر لە یەک دانە لە <code class="cs1-code">|ناونیشانی ئەرشیڤ=</code> و <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> دیاری کراوە (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#redundant_parameters" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">یارمەتی</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1314163"><cite id="CITEREFJulien2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Julien، Pierre Y. (2010-06-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Erosion_and_Sedimentation.html?id=Gv72uiVmWEYC"><i>Erosion and Sedimentation</i></a> (بە ئینگلیزی). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (ئەم پەڕەیە نییە)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%A8/978-1-139-48696-5" title="تایبەت:سەرچاوەکانی کتێب/978-1-139-48696-5"><bdi>978-1-139-48696-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Erosion+and+Sedimentation&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010-06-10&rft.isbn=978-1-139-48696-5&rft.aulast=Julien&rft.aufirst=Pierre+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FErosion_and_Sedimentation.html%3Fid%3DGv72uiVmWEYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fckb.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span 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