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desktop:grid-col-10 "> <div class="field field--name--field-title field--type--string field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-title">OnDemand Topo Maps Officially Join USGS National Map Offerings</div> </div> </h2> <div class="field field--name--field-ctas field--type--link field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-ctas"><a href="/web/20230131210713/https://www.usgs.gov/news/featured-story/ondemand-topo-maps-officially-join-usgs-national-map-offerings" class="usgs-button carousel-cta">Read Story</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph--type--carousel-item" style="background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), url('https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713im_/https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/carousel/public/media/images/NWD_TWT_FB_Pic.png?h=345cf9dd&itok=8Guoa89e') 50% 50% no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <div class="grid-container carousel-content-wrapper"> <div 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href="/web/20230131210713/https://www.usgs.gov/news/technical-announcement/usgs-releases-spanish-version-national-water-dashboard" class="usgs-button carousel-cta">Read the announcement</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph--type--carousel-item" style="background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), url('https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713im_/https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/carousel/public/media/images/Flowering%20and%20fruiting%20saguaro%2C%20Saguaro%20National%20Park%2C%20photo%20by%20D%20Winkler%20USGS.jpg?h=14d0d11b&itok=KkL99tvn') 50% 50% no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <div class="grid-container carousel-content-wrapper"> <div class="carousel-content widescreen:grid-offset-3 widescreen:grid-col-7 desktop:grid-offset-1 desktop:grid-col-9 tablet:grid-offset-1 tablet:grid-col-9 mobile-lg:grid-col-10"> <div class="usgs-breadcrumbs__list"> <div 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bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), url('https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713im_/https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/carousel/public/media/images/Cover.jpg?h=51113ea1&itok=7_Xv2Hyj') 50% 50% no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <div class="grid-container carousel-content-wrapper"> <div class="carousel-content widescreen:grid-offset-3 widescreen:grid-col-7 desktop:grid-offset-1 desktop:grid-col-9 tablet:grid-offset-1 tablet:grid-col-9 mobile-lg:grid-col-10"> <div class="usgs-breadcrumbs__list"> <div class="usgs-breadcrumbs__list-item "> <div class="field field--name--field-breadcrumb field--type--link field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-breadcrumb"><a href="/web/20230131210713/https://www.usgs.gov/news/featured-stories">Featured Story</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="carousel-title widescreen:grid-col-9 desktop:grid-col-10 "> <div class="field field--name--field-title field--type--string field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-title">Icy Mystery</div> </div> </h2> <h3 class="carousel-subtitle widescreen:grid-col-9 desktop:grid-col-10 "> <div class="field field--name--field-subtitle field--type--string field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-subtitle">Discovery on Mars</div> </div> </h3> <div class="field field--name--field-ctas field--type--link field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-ctas"><a href="/web/20230131210713/https://www.usgs.gov/news/featured-story/icy-mystery" class="usgs-button carousel-cta">Read Story</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="carousel-arrows"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="carousel-prev carousel-arrow hidden-xs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></div> <div class="carousel-next carousel-arrow hidden-xs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name--field-content field--type--entity-reference-revisions field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-content field-loop-count-1 field-first"><div class="api-carousel"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="hp-arrows"> <div class="c-left"></div> <div class="c-right"></div> </div> <div class="c-usgs-hp-api"> <h4> <div class="field field--name--field-title field--type--string field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-title">Event Notifications</div> </div> </h4> <div class="hp-carousel"> <div class="grid-col-4"> <div class="usgs-api-blocks c-usgs-api-alert c-usgs-api-alert__orange c-usgs-api-alert__volcano"> <div class="d-alert-type">Volcano</div> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713/https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hans2/view/notice/DOI-USGS-AVO-2023-01-31T10:35:41-09:00">Semisopochnoi</a></h5> <div class="d-alert-body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713/https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hans2/view/notice/DOI-USGS-AVO-2023-01-31T10:35:41-09:00"> <div class="d-alert-msg">ORANGE - WATCH</div> <div></div> <div>2023-01-31 19:40:12 (UTC)</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col-4"> <div class="usgs-api-blocks c-usgs-api-alert c-usgs-api-alert__yellow c-usgs-api-alert__volcano"> <div class="d-alert-type">Volcano</div> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713/https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hans2/view/notice/DOI-USGS-AVO-2023-01-31T10:35:41-09:00">Takawangha</a></h5> <div class="d-alert-body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713/https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hans2/view/notice/DOI-USGS-AVO-2023-01-31T10:35:41-09:00"> <div class="d-alert-msg">YELLOW - ADVISORY</div> <div></div> <div>2023-01-31 19:40:12 (UTC)</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col-4"> <div class="usgs-api-blocks c-usgs-api-alert c-usgs-api-alert__orange c-usgs-api-alert__volcano"> <div class="d-alert-type">Volcano</div> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713/https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hans2/view/notice/DOI-USGS-AVO-2023-01-31T10:35:41-09:00">Great Sitkin</a></h5> <div class="d-alert-body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713/https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hans2/view/notice/DOI-USGS-AVO-2023-01-31T10:35:41-09:00"> <div class="d-alert-msg">ORANGE - WATCH</div> <div></div> <div>2023-01-31 19:40:12 (UTC)</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col-4"> <div class="usgs-api-blocks c-usgs-api-alert c-usgs-api-alert__orange c-usgs-api-alert__volcano"> <div class="d-alert-type">Volcano</div> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713/https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hans2/view/notice/DOI-USGS-HVO-2023-01-31T10:56:55-08:00">Kilauea</a></h5> <div class="d-alert-body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713/https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hans2/view/notice/DOI-USGS-HVO-2023-01-31T10:56:55-08:00"> <div class="d-alert-msg">ORANGE - WATCH</div> <div></div> <div>2023-01-31 18:59:33 (UTC)</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col-4"> <div class="usgs-api-blocks c-usgs-api-alert c-usgs-api-alert__yellow c-usgs-api-alert__volcano"> <div class="d-alert-type">Volcano</div> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713/https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hans2/view/notice/DOI-USGS-NMI-2023-01-30T12:26:54-09:00">Ahyi Seamount</a></h5> <div class="d-alert-body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713/https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hans2/view/notice/DOI-USGS-NMI-2023-01-30T12:26:54-09:00"> <div class="d-alert-msg">YELLOW - ADVISORY</div> <div></div> <div>2023-01-31 01:22:27 (UTC)</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col-4"> <div class="usgs-api-blocks c-usgs-api-alert c-usgs-api-alert__yellow c-usgs-api-alert__earthquake"> <div class="d-alert-type">Earthquake</div> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000jk0t">Magnitude 5.9</a></h5> <div class="d-alert-body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000jk0t"> <div>14 km SSW of Khowy, Iran</div> </a> <div class="d-alert-updated">2023-01-28 18:14:45 (UTC)</div> <div class="d-alert-msg">Pager Alert Level: Yellow</div> <div class="d-alert-msg">MMI: <span class="usgs-alert--mmi usgs-alert--mmi__VII">VII</span> (Very Strong Shaking)</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col-4"> <div class="usgs-api-blocks c-usgs-api-alert c-usgs-api-alert__yellow c-usgs-api-alert__volcano"> <div class="d-alert-type">Volcano</div> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713/https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hans2/view/notice/DOI-USGS-HVO-2023-01-26T10:16:05-08:00">Mauna Loa</a></h5> <div class="d-alert-body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713/https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hans2/view/notice/DOI-USGS-HVO-2023-01-26T10:16:05-08:00"> <div class="d-alert-msg">YELLOW - ADVISORY</div> <div></div> <div>2023-01-26 19:38:16 (UTC)</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col-4"> <div class="usgs-api-blocks c-usgs-api-alert c-usgs-api-alert__yellow c-usgs-api-alert__earthquake"> <div class="d-alert-type">Earthquake</div> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000jj8s">Magnitude 5.5</a></h5> <div class="d-alert-body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000jj8s"> <div>27 km SSE of Kangding, China</div> </a> <div class="d-alert-updated">2023-01-25 19:49:45 (UTC)</div> <div class="d-alert-msg">Pager Alert Level: Yellow</div> <div class="d-alert-msg">MMI: <span class="usgs-alert--mmi usgs-alert--mmi__VI">VI</span> (Strong Shaking)</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col-4"> <div class="usgs-api-blocks c-usgs-api-alert c-usgs-api-alert__green c-usgs-api-alert__earthquake"> <div class="d-alert-type">Earthquake</div> <h5><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ci40161279">Magnitude 4.19</a></h5> <div class="d-alert-body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ci40161279"> <div>16km S of Malibu Beach, CA</div> </a> <div class="d-alert-updated">2023-01-25 10:00:54 (UTC)</div> <div class="d-alert-msg">Pager Alert Level: Green</div> <div class="d-alert-msg">MMI: <span class="usgs-alert--mmi usgs-alert--mmi__IV">IV</span> (Light Shaking)</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-content field-loop-count-2"> <div class="paragraph--type--full-width-section" style="background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0,0,0,.5), rgba(0,0,0,.5)), url('https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713im_/https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/carousel/public/media/images/12-2022-Bespoke-Look-at-Year-v4_0.png?itok=4Lhgz8sK'); background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <div class="usgs-full-width-section full-section-background"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="usgs-breadcrumbs__list"> <div class="usgs-breadcrumbs__list-item "> <div class="field field--name--field-breadcrumb field--type--link field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-breadcrumb"><a href="/web/20230131210713/https://www.usgs.gov/about/about-us" class="usgs-breadcrumbs__link">About</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <h1> <div class="field field--name--field-title field--type--string field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-title">A Look at 2022</div> </div> </h1> <div class="field-intro"> <div class="field field--name--field-text-with-media field--type--text-long field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-text-with-media"><div class="tex2jax_process"><p>Every year, USGS provides science about the water, energy, minerals, and other natural resources we rely on, natural hazards that can threaten lives and property, the health of our ecosystems and environment, and the impacts of climate and land-use change. Check out these highlights of work that USGS did in 2022 to provide timely, relevant, and useful information about the Earth and its processes.</p> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name--field-ctas field--type--link field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-ctas"><a href="/web/20230131210713/https://www.usgs.gov/science/mission-areas" class="usgs-button carousel-cta">Visit Mission Areas</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name--field-image-cards-section field--type--entity-reference-revisions field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-image-cards-section"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--image-cards paragraph--view-mode--homepage"> <div class="field field--name--field-image-cards field--type--entity-reference-revisions field--label--hidden field--name--field_image_cards--homepage"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop-lg:grid-col-4 field-image-cards"> <div class="paragraph--type--image-card"> <div 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desktop-lg:grid-col-4 field-image-cards"> <div class="paragraph--type--image-card"> <div class="c-usgs-image-card" style=""> <a href="/web/20230131210713/https://www.usgs.gov/science/science-explorer/ocean" class="d-link"><span class="usa-sr-only usgs-screenreader-only">link</span></a> <h4 class="d-title"> <div class="field field--name--field-title field--type--string field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-title">Oceans</div> </div> </h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop-lg:grid-col-4 field-image-cards"> <div class="paragraph--type--image-card"> <div class="c-usgs-image-card" style=""> <a href="/web/20230131210713/https://www.usgs.gov/science/science-explorer/natural-hazards" class="d-link"><span class="usa-sr-only usgs-screenreader-only">link</span></a> <h4 class="d-title"> <div class="field field--name--field-title field--type--string field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-title">Natural Hazards</div> </div> </h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop-lg:grid-col-4 field-image-cards"> <div class="paragraph--type--image-card"> <div class="c-usgs-image-card" style=""> <a href="/web/20230131210713/https://www.usgs.gov/science/science-explorer/coasts" class="d-link"><span class="usa-sr-only usgs-screenreader-only">link</span></a> <h4 class="d-title"> <div class="field field--name--field-title field--type--string field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-title">Coasts</div> </div> </h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop-lg:grid-col-4 field-image-cards"> <div class="paragraph--type--image-card"> <div class="c-usgs-image-card" style=""> <a href="/web/20230131210713/https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school" class="d-link"><span class="usa-sr-only usgs-screenreader-only">link</span></a> <h4 class="d-title"> <div class="field field--name--field-title field--type--string field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-title">Water Cycle</div> </div> </h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop-lg:grid-col-4 field-image-cards"> <div class="paragraph--type--image-card"> <div class="c-usgs-image-card" style=""> <a href="/web/20230131210713/https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/mauna-loa" class="d-link"><span class="usa-sr-only usgs-screenreader-only">link</span></a> <h4 class="d-title"> <div class="field field--name--field-title field--type--string field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-title">Mauna Loa</div> </div> </h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop-lg:grid-col-4 field-image-cards"> <div class="paragraph--type--image-card"> <div class="c-usgs-image-card" style=""> <a href="/web/20230131210713/https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/bipartisan-infrastructure-law-investments" class="d-link"><span class="usa-sr-only usgs-screenreader-only">link</span></a> <h4 class="d-title"> <div class="field field--name--field-title field--type--string 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url('https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713im_/https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/image_card/public/thumbnails/image/lavaleveldepth_20201223T1144MPBC.jpg?itok=TJDQ4XrT') 50% 50% no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a href="/web/20230131210713/https://www.usgs.gov/products/maps/volcanic-maps" class="d-link"><span class="usa-sr-only usgs-screenreader-only">link</span></a> <h4 class="d-title"> <div class="field field--name--field-title field--type--string field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-title">Volcanic Maps</div> </div> </h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop-lg:grid-col-3 field-image-cards"> <div class="paragraph--type--image-card"> <div class="c-usgs-image-card" style="background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), url('https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713im_/https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/image_card/public/thumbnails/image/20211101_finished_status_11x17.png?itok=3beFJ-6A') 50% 50% no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a href="/web/20230131210713/https://www.usgs.gov/products/maps" class="d-link"><span class="usa-sr-only usgs-screenreader-only">link</span></a> <h4 class="d-title"> <div class="field field--name--field-title field--type--string field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-title">All USGS Maps</div> </div> </h4> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-image-cards-section"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--image-cards paragraph--view-mode--homepage"> <h4> <div class="field field--name--field-title field--type--string field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-title">Videos and Imagery</div> </div> </h4> <div class="field field--name--field-image-cards field--type--entity-reference-revisions 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class="c-usgs-image-card" style="background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), url('https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713im_/https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/image_card/public/thumbnails/video/20201231_and_20210102_Kilauea_summit_lava_inlet.png?itok=AU_HlGq-') 50% 50% no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a href="/web/20230131210713/https://www.usgs.gov/products/multimedia-gallery/images" class="d-link"><span class="usa-sr-only usgs-screenreader-only">link</span></a> <h4 class="d-title"> <div class="field field--name--field-title field--type--string field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-title">Images</div> </div> </h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop-lg:grid-col-3 field-image-cards"> <div class="paragraph--type--image-card"> <div class="c-usgs-image-card" style="background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), url('https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713im_/https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/image_card/public/thumbnails/image/Image_0.jpg?itok=HExePw7B') 50% 50% no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a href="/web/20230131210713/https://www.usgs.gov/products/multimedia-gallery/slideshows" class="d-link"><span class="usa-sr-only usgs-screenreader-only">link</span></a> <h4 class="d-title"> <div class="field field--name--field-title field--type--string field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-title">Slideshows</div> </div> </h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop-lg:grid-col-3 field-image-cards"> <div class="paragraph--type--image-card"> <div class="c-usgs-image-card" style="background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), url('https://web.archive.org/web/20230131210713im_/https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/image_card/public/thumbnails/image/kingp096.jpg?itok=HCGJ_Quw') 50% 50% no-repeat; background-size: cover;"> <a href="/web/20230131210713/https://www.usgs.gov/products/multimedia-gallery/stereograms" class="d-link"><span class="usa-sr-only usgs-screenreader-only">link</span></a> <h4 class="d-title"> <div class="field field--name--field-title field--type--string field--label--hidden"> <div class="field-title">Stereograms</div> </div> </h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop-lg:grid-col-3 field-image-cards"> <div class="paragraph--type--image-card"> <div class="c-usgs-image-card" style="background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), 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