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Arshad</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Zainab Arshad"> <meta name="keywords" content="Zainab Arshad"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Zainab Arshad"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 170</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Zainab Arshad</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">170</span> A Next Generation Multi-Scale Modeling Theatre for in silico Oncology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safee%20Chaudhary">Safee Chaudhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahnoor%20Naseer%20Gondal"> Mahnoor Naseer Gondal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hira%20Anees%20Awan"> Hira Anees Awan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Rehman"> Abdul Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Arif"> Ammar Arif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Risham%20Hussain"> Risham Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huma%20Khawar"> Huma Khawar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Arshad"> Zainab Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Faizyab%20Ali%20Chaudhary"> Muhammad Faizyab Ali Chaudhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Ahmed"> Waleed Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Umer%20Sultan"> Muhammad Umer Sultan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bibi%20Amina"> Bibi Amina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salaar%20Khan"> Salaar Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Moaz%20Ahmad"> Muhammad Moaz Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Shiraz%20Shah"> Osama Shiraz Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadia%20Hameed"> Hadia Hameed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Farooq%20Ahmad%20Butt"> Muhammad Farooq Ahmad Butt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ahmad"> Muhammad Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameer%20Ahmed"> Sameer Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fayyaz%20Ahmed"> Fayyaz Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omer%20Ishaq"> Omer Ishaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waqar%20Nabi"> Waqar Nabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wim%20Vanderbauwhede"> Wim Vanderbauwhede</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bilal%20Wajid"> Bilal Wajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huma%20Shehwana"> Huma Shehwana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tariq"> Muhammad Tariq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Faisal"> Amir Faisal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cancer is a manifestation of multifactorial deregulations in biomolecular pathways. These deregulations arise from the complex multi-scale interplay between cellular and extracellular factors. Such multifactorial aberrations at gene, protein, and extracellular scales need to be investigated systematically towards decoding the underlying mechanisms and orchestrating therapeutic interventions for patient treatment. In this work, we propose ‘TISON’, a next-generation web-based multiscale modeling platform for clinical systems oncology. TISON’s unique modeling abstraction allows a seamless coupling of information from biomolecular networks, cell decision circuits, extra-cellular environments, and tissue geometries. The platform can undertake multiscale sensitivity analysis towards in silico biomarker identification and drug evaluation on cellular phenotypes in user-defined tissue geometries. Furthermore, integration of cancer expression databases such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Human Proteome Atlas (HPA) facilitates in the development of personalized therapeutics. TISON is the next-evolution of multiscale cancer modeling and simulation platforms and provides a ‘zero-code’ model development, simulation, and analysis environment for application in clinical settings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systems%20oncology" title="systems oncology">systems oncology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20systems%20biology" title=" cancer systems biology"> cancer systems biology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20therapeutics" title=" cancer therapeutics"> cancer therapeutics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personalized%20therapeutics" title=" personalized therapeutics"> personalized therapeutics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20modelling" title=" cancer modelling"> cancer modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112569/a-next-generation-multi-scale-modeling-theatre-for-in-silico-oncology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">169</span> Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Standard Precautions in Medical Students of Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan; A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Idrees%20Ahmad">Zainab Idrees Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahjabeen%20Qureshi"> Mahjabeen Qureshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Hussain"> Zainab Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Standard precautions are a set of infection control practices used to prevent the transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes. Lack of practice of SPs can result in a considerable increase in morbidity and mortality rates. Medical students (the future physicians) should have the highest knowledge of standard precautions to prevent the spread of nosocomial infections and ensure their safety as well. This study was designed. To assess the knowledge of medical students regarding standard precautions. And explore the attitude of medical students of MBBS in the third, fourth and final year towards standard precautions.: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the setting of Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan including the students of MBBS in their 3rd, 4th and final years. The study duration was from October 2022 to February 2023. The sample size calculated was 282 with a confidence interval of 95%. A questionnaire was structured utilizing the WHO guidelines on SPs assessing knowledge and attitude regarding hand hygiene, needle stick injury, use of gloves and mask, and sharp disposal. A total of 300 responses were received utilizing the technique of non-random convenience sampling. Data was analyzed using the latest version of SPSS.:Knowledge score regarding components of SPs, hand hygiene, and moments of hand hygiene was satisfactory. However, score regarding the use of PPE, needle stick injury, and sharp disposal was low. Almost all the students were compliant with the proper washing of hands but the observation of recommended time length was lacking. Compliance with the use of correct PPE and informing the supervisor upon getting a needle stick injury was low. This study signifies that medical students lack knowledge regarding standard precautions. This is alarming as this can be the vehicle for the spread of nosocomial infections. Proper training should be given to medical students to prevent the spread of hospital-acquired infections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title="attitude">attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20students" title=" medical students"> medical students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20precautions" title=" standard precautions"> standard precautions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149543/knowledge-attitude-and-practice-regarding-standard-precautions-in-medical-students-of-rawalpindi-medical-university-pakistan-a-cross-sectional-descriptive-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">168</span> Detecting Black Hole Attacks in Body Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Alshehri">Sara Alshehri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayan%20Alenzi"> Bayan Alenzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atheer%20Alshehri"> Atheer Alshehri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samia%20Chelloug"> Samia Chelloug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Almry"> Zainab Almry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussah%20Albugmai"> Hussah Albugmai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper concerns body area networks sensor that collect signals around a human body. The black hole attacks are the main security challenging problem because the data traffic can be dropped at any node. The focus of our proposed solution is to efficiently route data packets while detecting black hole nodes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20sensor%20networks" title="body sensor networks">body sensor networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20hole" title=" black hole"> black hole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=routing" title=" routing"> routing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadcasting" title=" broadcasting"> broadcasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OMNeT%2B%2B" title=" OMNeT++ "> OMNeT++ </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10435/detecting-black-hole-attacks-in-body-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">645</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">167</span> Representation of Reality in Nigerian Poetry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Abdulkarim">Zainab Abdulkarim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Literature is the study of life, a source of knowledge. It involves the truth about many things in life. Most of these creative artistes most especially the poets are representatives of the voices of the people. These set of artistes have been the critics to all involved in the development of their nation. This paper will examine how Nigerian Poets goes further not just by writing but by showing the different ways the country has been convoluted. This paper intends to show the power and ability literature has in representation. The power is to represent the important values of life. There is no doubt that literature asserts truth. Through the various poems examined in this paper, Nigerian Poets have proved to portray the realities of the nation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature" title="literature">literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poets" title=" poets"> poets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reality" title=" reality"> reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=representation" title=" representation"> representation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25538/representation-of-reality-in-nigerian-poetry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">166</span> Design and Analysis of a Clustered Nozzle Configuration and Comparison of Its Thrust</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Hadi%20Butt">Abdul Hadi Butt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asfandyar%20Arshad"> Asfandyar Arshad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to study the thrust variation in different configurations of clustered nozzles. It involves the design and analysis of clustered configuration of nozzles using Ansys fluent. Clustered nozzles with different configurations are simulated and compared on basis of effective exhaust thrust. Mixing length for the flow interaction is also calculated. Further clustered configurations are analyzed over different altitudes. An optimum value of the thrust among different configurations is proposed at the end of comparisons. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CD%20nozzle" title="CD nozzle">CD nozzle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster" title=" cluster"> cluster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thrust" title=" thrust"> thrust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluent" title=" fluent"> fluent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSYS" title=" ANSYS"> ANSYS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47169/design-and-analysis-of-a-clustered-nozzle-configuration-and-comparison-of-its-thrust" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47169.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">165</span> The Effect of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles on the Optical Properties of (PVP-PEG) Blend</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Hakim">Hussein Hakim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Al-Ramadhan"> Zainab Al-Ramadhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Hashim"> Ahmed Hashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polymer nano composites of polyvinylpyrrolidone and poly-ethylene glycol with different concentrations of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nano particles have been prepared by solution cast method. The optical characterizations have been done by analyzing the absorption (A) spectra in the 300–800 nm spectral region. It was found that the optical energy gap decreases with the increasing of Al2O3 nano particles content. The optical constants (refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant) are changing with increasing aluminum oxide nano particle concentrations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title="nanocomposites">nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyvinylpyrrolidone" title=" polyvinylpyrrolidone"> polyvinylpyrrolidone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20constants" title=" optical constants"> optical constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymers" title=" polymers"> polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blend" title=" blend"> blend</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32971/the-effect-of-aluminum-oxide-nanoparticles-on-the-optical-properties-of-pvp-peg-blend" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">164</span> On Chromaticity of Wheels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Yasir%20Abed%20Al-Rekaby">Zainab Yasir Abed Al-Rekaby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Jalil%20M.%20Khalaf"> Abdul Jalil M. Khalaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Let the vertices of a graph such that every two adjacent vertices have different color is a very common problem in the graph theory. This is known as proper coloring of graphs. The possible number of different proper colorings on a graph with a given number of colors can be represented by a function called the chromatic polynomial. Two graphs G and H are said to be chromatically equivalent, if they share the same chromatic polynomial. A Graph G is chromatically unique, if G is isomorphic to H for any graph H such that G is chromatically equivalent to H. The study of chromatically equivalent and chromatically unique problems is called chromaticity. This paper shows that a wheel W12 is chromatically unique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatic%20polynomial" title="chromatic polynomial">chromatic polynomial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatically%20equivalent" title=" chromatically equivalent"> chromatically equivalent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatically%20unique" title=" chromatically unique"> chromatically unique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheel" title=" wheel"> wheel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12874/on-chromaticity-of-wheels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">163</span> A Robust Hybrid Blind Digital Image Watermarking System Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Contourlet Transform </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nidal%20F.%20Shilbayeh">Nidal F. Shilbayeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belal%20AbuHaija"> Belal AbuHaija</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20N.%20Al-Qudsy"> Zainab N. Al-Qudsy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a hybrid blind digital watermarking system using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Contourlet Transform (CT) has been implemented and tested. The implemented combined digital watermarking system has been tested against five common types of image attacks. The performance evaluation shows improved results in terms of imperceptibility, robustness, and high tolerance against these attacks; accordingly, the system is very effective and applicable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20wavelet%20transform%20%28DWT%29" title="discrete wavelet transform (DWT)">discrete wavelet transform (DWT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contourlet%20transform%20%28CT%29" title=" contourlet transform (CT)"> contourlet transform (CT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20image%20watermarking" title=" digital image watermarking"> digital image watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copyright%20protection" title=" copyright protection"> copyright protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometric%20attack" title=" geometric attack"> geometric attack</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69379/a-robust-hybrid-blind-digital-image-watermarking-system-using-discrete-wavelet-transform-and-contourlet-transform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">162</span> A Study of Chromatic Uniqueness of W14</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Yasir%20Al-Rekaby">Zainab Yasir Al-Rekaby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Jalil%20M.%20Khalaf"> Abdul Jalil M. Khalaf </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coloring the vertices of a graph such that every two adjacent vertices have different color is a very common problem in the graph theory. This is known as proper coloring of graphs. The possible number of different proper colorings on a graph with a given number of colors can be represented by a function called the chromatic polynomial. Two graphs G and H are said to be chromatically equivalent, if they share the same chromatic polynomial. A Graph G is chromatically unique, if G is isomorphic to H for any graph H such that G is chromatically equivalent to H. The study of chromatically equivalent and chromatically unique problems is called chromaticity. This paper shows that a wheel W14 is chromatically unique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatic%20polynomial" title="chromatic polynomial">chromatic polynomial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatically%20Equivalent" title=" chromatically Equivalent"> chromatically Equivalent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatically%20unique" title=" chromatically unique"> chromatically unique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheel" title=" wheel"> wheel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20242/a-study-of-chromatic-uniqueness-of-w14" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">161</span> Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Solar Energy Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakariyya%20Hassan%20Abdullahi">Zakariyya Hassan Abdullahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Suleiman%20Abdullahi"> Zainab Suleiman Abdullahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuhu%20Alhaji%20Muhammad"> Nuhu Alhaji Muhammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a thorough review of photovoltaic and photovoltaic thermal systems is done on the basis of its performance based on electrical as well as thermal output. Photovoltaic systems are classified according to their use, i.e., electricity production, and thermal, Photovoltaic systems behave in an extraordinary and useful way, they react to light by transforming part of it into electricity useful way and unique, since photovoltaic and thermal applications along with the electricity production. The application of various photovoltaic systems is also discussed in detail. The performance analysis including all aspects, e.g., electrical, thermal, energy, and energy efficiency are also discussed. A case study for PV and PV/T system based on energetic analysis is presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title="photovoltaic">photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable" title=" renewable"> renewable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47848/performance-analysis-of-photovoltaic-solar-energy-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">160</span> Validation of the Formal Model of Web Services Applications for Digital Reference Service of Library Information System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Magaji%20Musa">Zainab Magaji Musa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nordin%20M.%20A.%20Rahman"> Nordin M. A. Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julaily%20Aida%20Jusoh"> Julaily Aida Jusoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The web services applications for digital reference service (WSDRS) of LIS model is an informal model that claims to reduce the problems of digital reference services in libraries. It uses web services technology to provide efficient way of satisfying users’ needs in the reference section of libraries. The formal WSDRS model consists of the Z specifications of all the informal specifications of the model. This paper discusses the formal validation of the Z specifications of WSDRS model. The authors formally verify and thus validate the properties of the model using Z/EVES theorem prover. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title="validation">validation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verification" title=" verification"> verification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formal" title=" formal"> formal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theorem%20prover" title=" theorem prover"> theorem prover</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34902/validation-of-the-formal-model-of-web-services-applications-for-digital-reference-service-of-library-information-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">159</span> Frobenius Manifolds Pairing and Invariant Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Al-Maamari">Zainab Al-Maamari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yassir%20Dinar"> Yassir Dinar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The orbit space of an irreducible representation of a finite group is a variety with the ring of invariant polynomials as a coordinate ring. The invariant ring is a polynomial ring if and only if the representation is a reflection representation. Boris Dubrovin shows that the orbits spaces of irreducible real reflection representations acquire the structure of polynomial Frobenius manifolds. Dubrovin's method was also used to construct different examples of Frobenius manifolds on certain reflection representations. By successfully applying Dubrovin’s method on non-polynomial invariant rings of linear representations of dicyclic groups, it gives some results that magnify the relation between invariant theory and Frobenius manifolds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invariant%20ring" title="invariant ring">invariant ring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frobenius%20manifold" title=" Frobenius manifold"> Frobenius manifold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inversion" title=" inversion"> inversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=representation%20theory" title=" representation theory"> representation theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143099/frobenius-manifolds-pairing-and-invariant-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">158</span> The Nexus between Renewable Energy, Urbanization, Industrialization and Economic Growth in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zubda%20Zia">Zubda Zia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Masood"> Zainab Masood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study has investigated the relationship between renewable energy, urbanization, industrialization, and economic growth in Pakistan, through the years 1990-2016. All the three explanatory variables play a pivotal role in their contribution to growth in any economy, especially a developing one such as Pakistan. Auto-regressive distributive lag (ARDL) model has been used to determine the co-integration and relationship between the variables. The empirical results indicate that there exists a positive and significant relationship between all the three variables and economic growth and that there is a stable, long-run relationship among them. Policy suggestions that incorporate the results include having a larger share of renewable energy in the energy sector, using urbanization as a means to remove the big city trend and move towards, smaller sustainable cities, etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title="economic growth">economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20crisis" title=" energy crisis"> energy crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrialization" title=" industrialization"> industrialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SGDs" title=" SGDs"> SGDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101667/the-nexus-between-renewable-energy-urbanization-industrialization-and-economic-growth-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">157</span> A Practical Approach and Implementation of Digital Library Towards Best Practice in Malaysian Academic Library</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Ajab%20Mohideen">Zainab Ajab Mohideen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiran%20Kaur"> Kiran Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Basheer%20Ahamadhu"> A. Basheer Ahamadhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Azlinda%20Wan%20Jan"> Noor Azlinda Wan Jan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukmawati%20Muhammad"> Sukmawati Muhammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The corpus in the digital library is to provide an overview and evidence from library automation that can be used to justify the needs of the digital library. This paper disperses the approach and implementation of the digital library as part of best practices by the Automation Division at Hamzah Sendut Library of the University Science Malaysia (USM). The implemented digital library model emphasizes on the entire library collections, technical perspective, and automation solution. This model served as a foundation for digital library services as part of information delivery in the USM digital library. The approach to digital library includes discussion on key factors, design, architecture, and pragmatic model that has been collected, captured, and identified during the implementation stages. At present, the USM digital library has achieved the status of an Institutional Repository (IR). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20digital%20library" title="academic digital library">academic digital library</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20information%20system" title=" digital information system"> digital information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20library%20best%20practice" title=" digital library best practice"> digital library best practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20library%20model" title=" digital library model"> digital library model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31709/a-practical-approach-and-implementation-of-digital-library-towards-best-practice-in-malaysian-academic-library" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">555</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">156</span> Songs from the Cradle: An Analysis of Some Selected Nupe Songs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Zendana%20Shafii">Zainab Zendana Shafii</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lullabies have been broadly defined as songs that are sung to calm and soothe children. While this is true, this paper intends to show that lullabies exceed these functions. The paper, in exploring Nupe lullabies, examines the various functions that lullabies perform in terms of language development, cultural enrichment and also the retelling of history as it relates to the culture of the Nupe people of northern Nigeria. The theoretical framework used is the functionalist theory. This theory postulates that all cultural or social phenomena have a positive function and that all are indispensable. The functionalist theory is based on the premise that all aspects of a society—institutions, roles, norms, etc.—serve a purpose and that all are indispensable for the long-term survival of the society. To this end, this paper dissects the various lullabies in Nupeland with a view to exploring the meaning that these songs generate and why they are even sung at all. The qualitative research methodology has been used to gather materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nupe" title="Nupe">Nupe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lullabies" title=" lullabies"> lullabies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northern" title=" northern"> northern</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126128/songs-from-the-cradle-an-analysis-of-some-selected-nupe-songs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">155</span> Ethno-Medical Potentials of Tacazzea apiculata Oliv. (Periplocaceae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Ahmed">Abubakar Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Mohammed"> Zainab Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadiza%20D.%20Nuhu"> Hadiza D. Nuhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamisu%20Ibrahim"> Hamisu Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The plant Tacazzea apiculata Oliv (Periplocaceae) is widely distributed in tropical West Africa. It is claimed to have multiple uses in traditional medicine among which are its use to treat hemorrhoids, inflammations and cancers. Methods: Ethno-botanical survey through interview and using show-and-tell method of data collection were conducted among Hausa and Fulani tribes of northern Nigeria with the view to document useful information on the numerous claims by the local people on the plant. Results: The results revealed that the plant T. apiculata has relative popularity among the herbalist (38.2 %), nomads (14.8 %) and fishermen (16.0%). The most important uses of the plant in traditional medicine are inflammation (Fedelity level: 25.7 %) and Haemorrhoids (Fedelity level: 17.1 %) Conclusion: These results suggest the relevance of T. apiculata in traditional medicine and as a good candidate for drug Development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethno-botany" title="ethno-botany">ethno-botany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periplocaceae" title=" periplocaceae"> periplocaceae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tacazzea%20apiculata" title=" Tacazzea apiculata"> Tacazzea apiculata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20medicine" title=" traditional medicine"> traditional medicine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21884/ethno-medical-potentials-of-tacazzea-apiculata-oliv-periplocaceae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21884.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">154</span> A Review of the Parameters Used in Gateway Selection Schemes for Internet Connected MANETs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20S.%20Mahmood">Zainab S. Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisha%20H.%20Hashim"> Aisha H. Hashim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan%20Haslina%20Hassan"> Wan Haslina Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhat%20Anwar"> Farhat Anwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The wide use of the internet-based applications bring many challenges to the researchers to guarantee the continuity of the connections needed by the mobile hosts and provide reliable Internet access for them. One of proposed solutions by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is to connect the local, multi-hop, and infrastructure-less Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) with Internet structure. This connection is done through multi-interface devices known as Internet Gateways. Many issues are related to this connection like gateway discovery, hand off, address auto-configuration and selecting the optimum gateway when multiple gateways exist. Many studies were done proposing gateway selection schemes with a single selection criterion or weighted multiple criteria. In this research, a review of some of these schemes is done showing the differences, the features, the challenges and the drawbacks of each of them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Internet%20Gateway" title="Internet Gateway">Internet Gateway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MANET" title=" MANET"> MANET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility" title=" mobility"> mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selection%20criteria" title=" selection criteria"> selection criteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22038/a-review-of-the-parameters-used-in-gateway-selection-schemes-for-internet-connected-manets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">153</span> Development Framework Based on Mobile Augmented Reality for Pre-Literacy Kit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazatul%20Aini%20Abd%20Majid">Nazatul Aini Abd Majid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faridah%20Yunus"> Faridah Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haslina%20Arshad"> Haslina Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Farhan%20Mohammad%20Johari"> Mohammad Farhan Mohammad Johari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mobile technology, augmented reality, and game-based learning are some of the key learning technologies that can be fully optimized to promote pre-literacy skills. The problem is how to design an effective pre-literacy kit that utilizes some of the learning technologies. This paper presents a framework based on mobile augmented reality for the development of pre-literacy kit. This pre-literacy kit incorporates three main components which are contents, design, and tools. A prototype of a mobile app based on the three main components was developed for promoting pre-literacy. The results show that the children and teachers gave positive feedbacks after using the mobile app for the pre-literacy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framework" title="framework">framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20technology" title=" mobile technology"> mobile technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=augmented%20reality" title=" augmented reality"> augmented reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-literacy%20skills" title=" pre-literacy skills"> pre-literacy skills</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51610/development-framework-based-on-mobile-augmented-reality-for-pre-literacy-kit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">595</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">152</span> Effect of Chemicals on Keeping Quality and Vase Life of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Cv. Eskimo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qurrat%20Ul%20Ain%20Farooq">Qurrat Ul Ain Farooq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Misha%20Arshad"> Misha Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malik%20Abid%20Mehmood"> Malik Abid Mehmood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The experiment under discussion was carried out to check the effect of different concentrations of sucrose (2%, 4%, 6%), CuSO4 (200ppm, 300ppm, 400 ppm), GA3 (25ppm, 50ppm, 75 ppm), and combinations of sucrose and GA3 (2% +25 ppm), (4%+50 ppm), (6%+75 ppm) on the carnation cut flower. Visual symptoms of flower senescence, changes in weight (g) of a flower was observed and recorded by using weight balance. The experiment was laid out according to CRD (Complete Randomized Design) it was two-factor factorial, the software used for the analysis was Statistix. Maximum TSS were found in 6% sucrose + 75 ppm GA3 (8.3 %) followed by CuSO4 400 ppm, 4% sucrose + 50 ppm GA3 and 6% sucrose + 75 ppm GA3. Maximum vase life in term of days was recorded in treatment. CuSO4 400 ppm and 6% sucrose + 75 ppm GA3 (8 days) followed by CuSO4 200 ppm (7.7 days). CuSO4 300 ppm & 6% sucrose + 75 ppm GA3 were at par (7 days). Maximum water uptake was also observed in 6% sucrose + 75 ppm GA3 (56.7 ml) followed by CuSO4 400 ppm (49.7 ml) and 50 ppm GA3 (45 ml). Hence, CuSO4 400 ppm found best in all aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carnation" title="carnation">carnation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaselife" title=" vaselife"> vaselife</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GA3" title=" GA3"> GA3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CuSO4" title=" CuSO4"> CuSO4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sucrose" title=" sucrose "> sucrose </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32736/effect-of-chemicals-on-keeping-quality-and-vase-life-of-carnation-dianthus-caryophyllus-l-cv-eskimo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">151</span> Evaluation of the Impact of Pavement Roughness on Vehicle Emissions by HDM-4</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Azhar">Muhammad Azhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arshad%20Hussain"> Arshad Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vehicular emissions have increased in recent years due to rapid growth in world traffic resulting in an increase in associated problems such as air pollution and climate change, therefore it’s necessary to control vehicle emissions. This study looks at the effect of road maintenance on vehicle emissions. The Highway Development and Management Tool (HDM-4) was used to find the effect of road maintenance on vehicle emissions. Key data collected were traffic volume and composition, vehicle characteristics, pavement characteristics and climate data of the study area. Two options were analysed using the HDM-4 software; the base case or do nothing while the second is overlay maintenance. The study also showed a strong correlation between average roughness and yearly emission levels in both the alternatives. Finally, the study showed that proper maintenance reduces the roughness and emissions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20emissions" title="vehicle emissions">vehicle emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20roughness" title=" road roughness"> road roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IRI" title=" IRI"> IRI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance" title=" maintenance"> maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HDM-4" title=" HDM-4"> HDM-4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2" title=" CO2"> CO2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91331/evaluation-of-the-impact-of-pavement-roughness-on-vehicle-emissions-by-hdm-4" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">150</span> Case Study of Child Labour in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Ali%20Ansari">Ahmad Ali Ansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Arshad"> Hassan Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basharat%20Hussani"> Basharat Hussani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Raza"> Adnan Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Ali%20Khan"> Ahmad Ali Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Child labor is a kind of an issue which was found all over the world, but now the first world countries like countries in Europe and America (USA) got hold of it up to a large extent but Underdeveloped or the developing countries including Pakistan are still a victim of this issue. The following attempt has been made in this research article to figure out the main reasons of child labor in underdeveloped countries especially in Pakistan and also some of the issues are discussed which are hindering the solution of child labor in Pakistan. In this research we interviewed 70 working children in the area of Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Taxila and Hatar who belonged to the different parts of the country and figured out the basic causes of the child labor in Pakistan, what are its bad effects on the young one who is a victim of it and we also put a light on what the government of Pakistan is doing in this context and what the government still have to do. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20labour" title="child labour">child labour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title=" case study"> case study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underdeveloped%20countries" title=" underdeveloped countries"> underdeveloped countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18547/case-study-of-child-labour-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">664</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">149</span> Numerical Solutions of Fractional Order Epidemic Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadia%20Arshad">Sadia Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Sohail"> Ayesha Sohail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Javed"> Sana Javed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadija%20Maqbool"> Khadija Maqbool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20Kanwal"> Salma Kanwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dynamical study of the carriers play an essential role in the evolution and global transmission of infectious diseases and will be discussed in this study. To make this approach novel, we will consider the fractional order model which is generalization of integer order derivative to an arbitrary number. Since the integration involved is non local therefore this property of fractional operator is very useful to study epidemic model for infectious diseases. An extended numerical method (ODE solver) is implemented on the model equations and we will present the simulations of the model for diﬀerent values of fractional order to study the eﬀect of carriers on transmission dynamics. Global dynamics of fractional model are established by using the reproduction number. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fractional%20di%EF%AC%80erential%20equation" title="Fractional diﬀerential equation">Fractional diﬀerential equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Numerical%20simulations" title=" Numerical simulations"> Numerical simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemic%20model" title=" epidemic model"> epidemic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20dynamics" title=" transmission dynamics"> transmission dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17447/numerical-solutions-of-fractional-order-epidemic-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">602</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">148</span> Women Characters in Pakistani Films: A Critical Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Arshad">Ali Arshad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study examines the depiction of women characters in Urdu and Punjabi films. It is a critical evaluation of forty-eight Pakistani films. It explores the characters of women portrays in Urdu and Punjabi film of Pakistan. Using content analysis as methodology with feminist research that helps to investigate the phenomena and supports the study. Finding of the study shows that women characters in Urdu and Punjabi films are not the reflection of true Pakistani women rather this picture represents a negative image of Pakistani women in viewers mind. These characters don’t address the women’s issues nor do they present the solutions to these problems faced by Pakistani women. The characters of Pakistani women are not free from male prejudice, and these films do not portray the social and political role perform by actual Pakistani women. The analysis shows that the characters of women in Urdu and Punjabi films are based on the assumptions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title="women">women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistani" title=" Pakistani"> Pakistani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film" title=" film"> film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characters" title=" characters"> characters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49904/women-characters-in-pakistani-films-a-critical-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">147</span> Strategic Partnerships for Sustainable Tourism Development in Papua New Guinea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Olabisi%20Tairu">Zainab Olabisi Tairu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Strategic partnerships are a core requirement in delivering sustainable tourism for development in developing nations like Papua New Guinea. This paper unveils the strategic partnerships for sustainable tourism development in Papua New Guinea. Much emphasis is made among tourism stakeholders, on the importance of strategic partnership and positioning in developing sustainable tourism development. This paper engages stakeholders’ ecotourism differentiation and power relations in the discussion of the paper through interviews and observations with tourism stakeholders in Papua New Guinea. Collaborative approaches in terms of sustaining the tourism industry, having a milestone of achieved plans, are needed for tourism growth and development. This paper adds a new insight to the body of knowledge on stakeholders’ identification, formation, power relations and an integrated approach to successful tourism development. In order to achieve responsible tourism planning and management outcomes, partnerships must be holistic in perspective and based on sustainable development principles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stakeholders" title="stakeholders">stakeholders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20tourism" title=" sustainable tourism"> sustainable tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Papua%20New%20Guinea" title=" Papua New Guinea"> Papua New Guinea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partnerships" title=" partnerships"> partnerships</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80265/strategic-partnerships-for-sustainable-tourism-development-in-papua-new-guinea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">662</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">146</span> The Impact of Foliar Application of the Calcium-Containing Compounds in Increasing Resistance to Blue Mold on Apples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Baghalian">Masoud Baghalian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musa%20Arshad"> Musa Arshad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of calcium chloride on the resistance of fruits such as Red and Golden Lebanese apple varieties to blue mold, a split plot experiment in time and space, based on accidental blocks, with three replications under foliar application were done (Control, one in a thousand, two in thousands) and the results of the variance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the levels of foliar and variety at 5% level and between time, there is significant difference in interaction of variety × time and three way interaction of foliar×variety×time, at 1% level. The highest resistance to the blue mold disease in foliar application was observed at two in thousands calcium (calcium chloride) level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apple" title="apple">apple</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blue%20mold" title=" blue mold"> blue mold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foliar%20calcium" title=" foliar calcium"> foliar calcium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45553/the-impact-of-foliar-application-of-the-calcium-containing-compounds-in-increasing-resistance-to-blue-mold-on-apples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">145</span> Male Oreochromis mossambica as Indicator for Water Pollution with Trace Elements in Relation to Condition Factor from Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naeem">Muhammad Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20M.%20Moeen-ud-Din%20Raheel"> Syed M. Moeen-ud-Din Raheel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arshad"> Muhammad Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naeem%20Qaisar"> Muhammad Naeem Qaisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Khalid"> Muhammad Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zubair%20Ahmed"> Muhammad Zubair Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ashraf"> Muhammad Ashraf </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Iron, Copper, Cadmium, Zinc, Manganese, Chromium levels were estimated to study the risk of trace elements on human consumption. The area of collection was Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan and was evaluated by means of flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The standards find in favor of the six heavy metals were in accordance with the threshold edge concentrations on behalf of fish meat obligatory by European and other international normative. Regressions were achieved for both size (length and weight) and condition factor with concentrations of metal present in the fish body. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oreochromis%20mossambica" title="Oreochromis mossambica">Oreochromis mossambica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxic%20analysis" title=" toxic analysis"> toxic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20size" title=" body size"> body size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condition%20factor" title=" condition factor"> condition factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40825/male-oreochromis-mossambica-as-indicator-for-water-pollution-with-trace-elements-in-relation-to-condition-factor-from-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">584</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">144</span> Solving Flowshop Scheduling Problems with Ant Colony Optimization Heuristic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arshad%20Mehmood%20Ch">Arshad Mehmood Ch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riaz%20Ahmad"> Riaz Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Ali%20Ch"> Imran Ali Ch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waqas%20Durrani"> Waqas Durrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study deals with the application of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) approach to solve no-wait ﬂowshop scheduling problem (NW-FSSP). ACO algorithm so developed has been coded on Matlab computer application. The paper covers detailed steps to apply ACO and focuses on judging the strength of ACO in relation to other solution techniques previously applied to solve no-wait flowshop problem. The general purpose approach was able to find reasonably accurate solutions for almost all the problems under consideration and was able to handle a fairly large spectrum of problems with far reduced CPU effort. Careful scrutiny of the results reveals that the algorithm presented results better than other approaches like Genetic algorithm and Tabu Search heuristics etc; earlier applied to solve NW-FSSP data sets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=no-wait" title="no-wait">no-wait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%EF%AC%82owshop" title=" ﬂowshop"> ﬂowshop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scheduling" title=" scheduling"> scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ant%20colony%20optimization%20%28ACO%29" title=" ant colony optimization (ACO)"> ant colony optimization (ACO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=makespan" title=" makespan"> makespan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9974/solving-flowshop-scheduling-problems-with-ant-colony-optimization-heuristic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">143</span> Predictive Modeling of Flank Wear in Hard Turning Using the Taguchi Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suha%20K.%20Shihab">Suha K. Shihab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahid%20A.%20Khan"> Zahid A. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aas%20Mohammad"> Aas Mohammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arshad%20Noor%20Siddiquee"> Arshad Noor Siddiquee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the influence of cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed and depth of cut) on flank wear (VB) in turning of 52100 hard alloy steel using multilayer coated carbide insert under dry condition. Nine experiments were performed based on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the effects of the cutting parameters on flank wear. The results of the study revealed that the cutting speed (A) and feed rate (B) are the dominant factors affecting flank wear, while the depth of cut (C) has not a significant effect. The optimal combination of the cutting parameters for flank wear is found to be A1B1C1. The mathematical model for flank wear is found to be statistically significant. The predicted and measured values of flank wear are found to be very close to each other. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flank%20wear" title="flank wear">flank wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard%20turning" title=" hard turning"> hard turning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi%20approach" title=" Taguchi approach"> Taguchi approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization "> optimization </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7473/predictive-modeling-of-flank-wear-in-hard-turning-using-the-taguchi-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">664</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">142</span> Pilomatrixoma of the Left Infra-Orbital Region in a 9 Year Old</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Shaikh">Zainab Shaikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Miyanji"> Yusuf Miyanji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pilomatrixoma is a benign neoplasm of the hair follicle matrix that is not commonly diagnosed in general practice. This is a case report of a 9-year-old boy who presented with a one-year history of a 19mm x 11 mm swelling in the left infra-orbital region. This was previously undiagnosed in Spain, where the patient resided at the time of initial presentation, due to the language barrier the patient’s family encountered. An ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging gave useful information regarding surrounding structures for complete tumor excision and indicated that the risk of facial nerve palsy is low. The lesion was surgically excised and a definitive diagnosis was made after histopathology. Pilomatrixoma, although not rare in its occurrence, is rarely this large at the time of excision due to early presentation. This case highlights the importance of including pilomatrixoma in the differential diagnosis of dermal and subcutaneous lesions in the head and neck region, as it is often misdiagnosed due to the lack of awareness of its clinical presentation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pilomatrixoma" title="pilomatrixoma">pilomatrixoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling" title=" swelling"> swelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infra-orbital" title=" infra-orbital"> infra-orbital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facial%20swelling" title=" facial swelling"> facial swelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142999/pilomatrixoma-of-the-left-infra-orbital-region-in-a-9-year-old" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142999.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">141</span> The Influence of Website Quality on Customer E-Satisfaction in Low Cost Airline</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Khalifah">Zainab Khalifah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wong%20Chiet%20Bing"> Wong Chiet Bing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Hazarina%20Hashim"> Noor Hazarina Hashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The evolution of customer behavior in purchasing products or services through the Internet leads to airline companies engaging in the e-ticketing process in order to maintain their business. A well-designed website is vitally significant for the airline companies to provide effective communication, support, and competitive advantage. This study was conducted to identify the dimensions of website quality for low cost airline and to investigate the relationship between the website quality and customer e-satisfaction at low cost airline. A total of 381 responses were conveniently collected among local passengers at Low Cost Carrier Terminal, Kuala Lumpur via questionnaire distribution. This study found that the five determinant factors of website quality for AirAsia were Information Content, Navigation, Responsiveness, Personalization, and Security and Privacy. The results of this study revealed that there is a positive relationship between the five dimensions of website quality and customer e-satisfaction, and also information content was the most significant contributor to customer e-satisfaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=website%20quality" title="website quality">website quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20e-satisfaction" title=" customer e-satisfaction"> customer e-satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20cost%20airline" title=" low cost airline"> low cost airline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-ticketing" title=" e-ticketing"> e-ticketing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10785/the-influence-of-website-quality-on-customer-e-satisfaction-in-low-cost-airline" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Arshad&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Arshad&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Arshad&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Arshad&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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