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menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-38946" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/" data-name="Centre for Environmental Geochemistry">Centre for Environmental Geochemistry</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-7917" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-7917 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/decarbonisation/" data-name="Decarbonisation" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Decarbonisation</a> <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> <li id="menu-item-38950" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-38950" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/mineral-resources/" data-name="Mineral resource security and 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menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-38952" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/hydrocarbons-systems/" data-name="Hydrocarbon systems">Hydrocarbon systems</a></li> <li id="menu-item-38953" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-38953" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/energy-storage/" data-name="Energy storage">Energy storage</a></li> <li id="menu-item-38954" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-38954" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/carbon-capture-and-storage/" data-name="Carbon capture and storage">Carbon capture and storage</a></li> <li id="menu-item-38955" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-38955" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" 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menu-item-7916 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/multihazards/" data-name="Multi-hazards" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Multi-hazards</a> <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> <li id="menu-item-36115" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-36115" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/volcanoes/" data-name="Volcanology">Volcanology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-51898" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-51898" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/earthquake-seismology/" data-name="Earthquakes and seismology research">Earthquakes and seismology research</a></li> <li id="menu-item-36114" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-36114" role="none"><a 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menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-50279" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/product-development/" data-name="Product development">Product development</a></li> <li id="menu-item-50278" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-research_project menu-item-50278" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/citizen-science/" data-name="Citizen science">Citizen science</a></li> <li id="menu-item-50274" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-50274" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/" data-name="Data">Data</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-22781" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22781 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" 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href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/engineering-geotechnical-capability/" data-name="Engineering and Geotechnical Capability">Engineering and Geotechnical Capability</a></li> <li id="menu-item-26779" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-26779" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/rock-volume-cluster/" data-name="Rock Volume Characterisation Laboratory Cluster">Rock Volume Characterisation Laboratory Cluster</a></li> <li id="menu-item-57323" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-57323" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="http://geomag.bgs.ac.uk/operations/home.html" data-name="Geophysical observatories">Geophysical observatories</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-50282" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-50282 first-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/" data-name="Data" class="first-level-a">Data</a> <ul class="second-level" role="menu"> <li id="menu-item-10913" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10913 second-level-li" role="none"><a role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/" data-name="Overview" class="second-level-a icon-arrow">Overview</a> <ul class="third-level" role="menu"> <li id="menu-item-11646" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11646" role="none"><a role="menuitem" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-data/data-search/" data-name="Data search">Data search</a></li> <li id="menu-item-91995" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-91995" role="none"><a 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href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/" >Research</a> » <a property="v:title" rel="v:url" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/environmental-change/" >Environmental change, adaptation and resilience</a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="hero-section hero-section-with-social"> <div class="hero-info-wrap"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="hero-info"> <h1>Environmental change, adaptation and resilience</h1> <p>BGS Research</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them"> <div class="sea-background-f"> <span>Share this article</span><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/environmental-change/"><span class="icon-facebook"><span class="hidden">Facebook</span></span></a><a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Environmental%20change,%20adaptation%20and%20resilience&url=https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/environmental-change/"><span class="icon-twitter"><span class="hidden">Twitter</span></span></a><a onclick="javascript:void( (function() {var e=document.createElement('script' );e.setAttribute('type','text/javascript' );e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8' );e.setAttribute('src','//assets.pinterest.com/js/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());" href="javascript:void(0);"><span class="icon-pinterest"><span class="hidden">Pinterest</span></span></a><a target="_blank" href="https://wa.me?text=https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/environmental-change/"><span class="icon-whatsapp"><span class="hidden">WhatsApp</span></span></a><a href="mailto:?subject=Environmental%20change,%20adaptation%20and%20resilience&body=We%20are%20undertaking%20research%20aimed%20at%20reducing%20vulnerability,%20protecting%20resources%20and%20building%20resilience%20in%20response%20to%20substantial%20environmental%20changes.%20(https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/environmental-change/)"><span class="icon-mail"><span class="hidden">Email</span></span></a><a href="#" data-copy="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/environmental-change/" class="copy-url-on-click"><span class="icon-link"><span class="hidden">Copy Link</span></span></a></div></div> <div class="img-wrap"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Banner_env_change-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur hero-img" alt="Environmental change" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Banner_env_change-1400x467.jpg" /> </div> </section> <section class="wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-12"> <p>The environmental change, adaptation and resilience challenge area seeks to reduce the vulnerability of social human infrastructure and biological systems to relatively sudden change. This requires us to understand our natural environment, anthropogenic interaction with the subsurface and environmental response, and to model associated change. To do this we will continue to research our <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/groundwater-research/">groundwater</a>, <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/sea-floor-marine-geoscience/">sea floor</a>, <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/coasts-and-estuaries/">coasts</a>, <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/sustainable-soils/">soils and landscapes</a>, and <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/urban-geoscience/">urban infrastructural</a> interactions with the subsurface. </p> <p>It is likely that climate change will continue to be a major societal problem and its effects will last many years, and adaptation will be necessary. Adaptation is especially important in developing countries since they are likely to bear the brunt of the effects of global warming. This challenge area aims to help with societal needs and protect our environment; our research is underpinned by excellent <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/">laboratories and science capabilities</a> for the delivery of evidence-based science.</p> </div></div></div></section> <section id="in-this-section-9861-block_955fece58d0b8c0a937838eab6234a01" class="grid-section sea-background-e " > <div class="container"> <div class="row header-of-section"> <div class="col-12"> <h2>Find out more about our research</h2> </div> </div> <div class="row grid-wrap"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-4"> <div class="cards-over-img cards cards-find-more "> <a class="media-wrap" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/sea-floor-marine-geoscience/"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/feature_Marine-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="BGS White Ribbon boat on the Firth of Forth" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/feature_Marine.jpg" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <h2><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/sea-floor-marine-geoscience/">Sea floor: marine geoscience</a></h2> <p>Providing independent and expert geological advice, research and data acquisition to anyone working in the marine environment. </p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/sea-floor-marine-geoscience/">Show more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-4"> <div class="cards-over-img cards cards-find-more "> <a class="media-wrap" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/seafloor-scientific-ocean-drilling/"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/feature_Marine_drilling-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Seafloor drilling rig" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/feature_Marine_drilling.jpg" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <h2><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/seafloor-scientific-ocean-drilling/">Sea floor: scientific ocean drilling</a></h2> <p>Implementing several high profile expeditions for the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD).</p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/seafloor-scientific-ocean-drilling/">Show more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-4"> <div class="cards-over-img cards cards-find-more "> <a class="media-wrap" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/urban-geoscience/"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/feature_urban_pexels_373893-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Cityscape by Burst/Pexels" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/feature_urban_pexels_373893.jpg" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <h2><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/urban-geoscience/">Urban geoscience</a></h2> <p>Providing solutions for urban land-use planning and sustainable development.</p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/urban-geoscience/">Show more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-4"> <div class="cards-over-img cards cards-find-more "> <a class="media-wrap" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/groundwater-research/"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/P512666-thumb.webp" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="P512666-thumb" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/P512666-thumb.webp" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <h2><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/groundwater-research/">Groundwater research</a></h2> <p>Addressing issues related to the sustainability of water resources and quality, and the effects of environmental change on the water cycle, natural hazards, and human health.</p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/groundwater-research/">Show more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-4"> <div class="cards-over-img cards cards-find-more "> <a class="media-wrap" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/sustainable-soils/"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/myrehead-p001215-thumb.webp" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="myrehead-p001215-thumb" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/myrehead-p001215-thumb.webp" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <h2><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/sustainable-soils/">Soils and landscapes</a></h2> <p>Understanding soil structure and soil and moisture dynamics in UK and African soils and the effects of increasing human populations, changing climates and the intensification in the use of our soils.</p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/sustainable-soils/">Show more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-4"> <div class="cards-over-img cards cards-find-more "> <a class="media-wrap" href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/environmental-modelling/"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/feature_flowpaths-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="groundwater flowpaths" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/feature_flowpaths.jpg" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <h2><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/environmental-modelling/">Environmental modelling </a></h2> <p>Advancing the understanding of environmental systems through innovative modelling techniques and interdisciplinary research.</p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/environmental-modelling/">Show more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="latest-content-6868-block_bb60483d932a0817e76042e57bd95dfc" class="cards-carousel-section sea-background-d " > <div class="container"> <div class="row header-of-section"> <div class="col-12"> <h2>Our facilities</h2> </div> </div> <div class="row "> <div class="col-12 owl-carousel carousel-basic-2-color owl-theme carousel-js"> <div class="item cards cards-find-more "> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/" class="media-wrap"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/P609167-thumb.webp" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="P609167-thumb" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/P609167-thumb.webp" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <div></div> <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/">Centre for Environmental Geochemistry</a></h4> <p>Focusing on the use of geochemistry in research, training and teaching. </p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/">Show more</a> </div> </div> <div class="item cards cards-find-more "> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/stable-isotope-facility/" class="media-wrap"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/feature_stable_isotope_1-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="stable isotope facility" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/feature_stable_isotope_1.jpg" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <div></div> <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/stable-isotope-facility/">Stable Isotope Facility</a></h4> <p>Generating stable isotope data, specialising in climate, environmental and archaeological studies.</p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/stable-isotope-facility/">Show more</a> </div> </div> <div class="item cards cards-find-more "> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/inorganic-geochemistry-facility/" class="media-wrap"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/feature_IGF-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Inorganic science facility" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/feature_IGF.jpg" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <div></div> <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/inorganic-geochemistry-facility/">Inorganic Geochemistry Facility</a></h4> <p>Providing high-quality analytical expertise and specialist services for the production and geochemical interpretation of inorganic data. </p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/inorganic-geochemistry-facility/">Show more</a> </div> </div> <div class="item cards cards-find-more "> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/organic-geochemistry-capability/" class="media-wrap"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/feature_Organic_geochemistry-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Organic geochemistry facility" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/feature_Organic_geochemistry.jpg" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <div></div> <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/organic-geochemistry-capability/">Organic Geochemistry Facility</a></h4> <p>Specialising in organic geochemical measurements at the bulk and molecular level in complex matrices, like rock, sediment, soil and water.</p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/organic-geochemistry-capability/">Show more</a> </div> </div> <div class="item cards cards-find-more "> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/soil-physics-facility/" class="media-wrap"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/feature_soil_facilities-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Soil physics facility" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/feature_soil_facilities.jpg" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <div></div> <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/soil-physics-facility/">Soil Physics Facility</a></h4> <p>Providing a range of soil physical measurement services as well as complementary analyses to describe the degree to which soil organic matter is decomposed.</p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/soil-physics-facility/">Show more</a> </div> </div> <div class="item cards cards-find-more "> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/aquifer-properties-laboratories/" class="media-wrap"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/feature_aquifer_properties-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="feature_aquifer_properties" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/feature_aquifer_properties.jpg" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <div></div> <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/aquifer-properties-laboratories/">Aquifer Properties Facility</a></h4> <p>Undertaking specialised core characterisation on drillcore and rock chippings from borehole samples for a wide range of hydrogeological purposes.</p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/aquifer-properties-laboratories/">Show more</a> </div> </div> <div class="item cards cards-find-more "> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/dissolved-gases-facility/" class="media-wrap"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/feature_dissolved_gases-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="feature_dissolved_gases" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/feature_dissolved_gases.jpg" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <div></div> <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/dissolved-gases-facility/">Dissolved Gases and Tracers Facility</a></h4> <p>Utilising a wide range of environmental agents, equipment and capabilities for groundwater dating and tracing. </p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/science-facilities/environmental-geochemistry/dissolved-gases-facility/">Show more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="challenge-section-7925-block_5de51cceeef16" class="grid-section " > <div class="container"> <div class="row header-of-section"> <div class="col-12"> <h2>Our core challenge areas</h2> </div> </div> <div class="row grid-wrap md-row"> <div class="col-sm-4"> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/environmental-change/" class="circle"> <div> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/sq_env_change-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur" alt="Environmental change" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/sq_env_change.jpg" /> </div> <h5>Environmental change</h5> </a> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/decarbonisation/" class="circle"> <div> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/CCS-P542246-Icon-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur" alt="Ratcliffe-upon-Soar Power station." data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/CCS-P542246-Icon.jpg" /> </div> <h5>Decarbonisation</h5> </a> </div> <div class="col-sm-4"> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geological-research/multihazards/" class="circle"> <div> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Hazards-Icon-150x150.jpg" class="lazy-blur" alt="Lava from Kilauea on Hawaii flows into the ocean" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Hazards-Icon.jpg" /> </div> <h5>Multi-hazards</h5> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="cta-section sky-background-d "> <div class="container"> <div class="row md-row"> <div class="col-12"> <h2>Need more information?</h2> <div>Please contact the science director for environmental change, adaptation and resilience</div> <div class="btn-wrap"><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/contact-the-person/?employee=leng-melanie" class="button primary-background ">Prof Melanie Leng</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section style="background-image:url('https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/News-events-scaled.jpg')" id="latest-content-7258-block_687b11face4e7434f25e38d2c156c0b6" class="cards-carousel-section basic-background-1 " > <div class="container"> <div class="row header-of-section"> <div class="col-12"> <h2>Related news</h2> </div> </div> <div class="row "> <div class="col-12 owl-carousel carousel-basic-2-color owl-theme carousel-js"> <div class="item cards cards-find-more bgs-blogs"> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/studying-oxygen-isotopes-in-phosphates-in-one-of-europes-biggest-artificial-reservoirs/" class="media-wrap"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/c3e5869a-c4bf-4630-8975-1d6a5fc7517e.webp" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Private photo taken of Lagoon at Rutland Water." data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/c3e5869a-c4bf-4630-8975-1d6a5fc7517e.webp" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <div>BGS blogs</div> <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/studying-oxygen-isotopes-in-phosphates-in-one-of-europes-biggest-artificial-reservoirs/">Studying oxygen isotopes in sediments from Rutland Water Nature Reserve</a></h4> <p>20/11/2024</p> <p>Chris Bengt visited Rutland Water as part of a project to determine human impact and environmental change in lake sediments. </p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/studying-oxygen-isotopes-in-phosphates-in-one-of-europes-biggest-artificial-reservoirs/">Show more</a> </div> </div> <div class="item cards cards-find-more press-release"> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/how-can-scotland-re-establish-its-building-stone-industry/" class="media-wrap"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/008-000-148-498-R.webp" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Aerial view of Tantallon Castle, with its distinctive red sandstone curtain wall. © Historic Environment Scotland." data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/008-000-148-498-R.webp" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <div>BGS news</div> <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/how-can-scotland-re-establish-its-building-stone-industry/">How can Scotland re-establish its building stone industry?</a></h4> <p>14/11/2024</p> <p>British Geological Survey research, commissioned by Historic Environment Scotland, reveals an opportunity to re-establish the Scottish building stone market in order to maintain the country’s historic buildings. </p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/how-can-scotland-re-establish-its-building-stone-industry/">Show more</a> </div> </div> <div class="item cards cards-find-more press-release"> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/uk-philippine-partnership-to-help-tackle-the-challenges-of-future-water-security-in-the-philippines/" class="media-wrap"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/20230206_101008.webp" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="A wooden bridge crosses the Naboay river, Panay Philippines. Andrew Barkwith, BGS © UKRI." data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/20230206_101008.webp" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <div>BGS news</div> <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/uk-philippine-partnership-to-help-tackle-the-challenges-of-future-water-security-in-the-philippines/">UK–Philippine partnership to help tackle the challenges of future water security in the Philippines</a></h4> <p>07/11/2024</p> <p>New ‘hydrological hub’ to foster research and provide essential national water management datasets and tools.</p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/uk-philippine-partnership-to-help-tackle-the-challenges-of-future-water-security-in-the-philippines/">Show more</a> </div> </div> <div class="item cards cards-find-more press-release"> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/40-years-and-counting-new-topsoil-data-provides-most-extensive-snapshot-of-environmental-pollution-effects/" class="media-wrap"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMG_1095.webp" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Small cores of soil were collected across 25 different cities from open areas such as parks and gardens. BGS © UKRI." data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMG_1095.webp" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <div>BGS news</div> <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/40-years-and-counting-new-topsoil-data-provides-most-extensive-snapshot-of-environmental-pollution-effects/">Forty years and counting: new topsoil data provides most extensive snapshot of environmental pollution effects</a></h4> <p>01/10/2024</p> <p>Scientists have uncovered clear signs of the impact environmental pollution is having across the country’s soil. </p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/40-years-and-counting-new-topsoil-data-provides-most-extensive-snapshot-of-environmental-pollution-effects/">Show more</a> </div> </div> <div class="item cards cards-find-more press-release"> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/new-38-million-project-to-reduce-the-impact-of-floods-and-droughts/" class="media-wrap"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/P784143.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="A flooded field" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/P784143.jpg" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <div>BGS news</div> <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/new-38-million-project-to-reduce-the-impact-of-floods-and-droughts/">New £38 million project to reduce the impact of floods and droughts</a></h4> <p>02/09/2024</p> <p>BGS will take a leading role in efforts to better predict the location and effects of extreme weather events. </p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/new-38-million-project-to-reduce-the-impact-of-floods-and-droughts/">Show more</a> </div> </div> <div class="item cards cards-find-more bgs-blogs"> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/laboratory-life-my-work-experience-week-at-bgs/" class="media-wrap"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/riveen-conducting-research-at-bgs-keyworth-laboratories.webp" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Conducting research at the BGS Keyworth laboratories. © Riveen Pehesara Kumanayaka" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/riveen-conducting-research-at-bgs-keyworth-laboratories.webp" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <div>BGS blogs</div> <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/laboratory-life-my-work-experience-week-at-bgs/">Laboratory life: my work experience week at BGS</a></h4> <p>20/08/2024</p> <p>Aspiring astrophysicist Riveen Pehesara Kumanayaka shares his experience following an A-level work placement with BGS. </p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/laboratory-life-my-work-experience-week-at-bgs/">Show more</a> </div> </div> <div class="item cards cards-find-more "> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/datasets/uk-topsoil-geochemistry/" class="media-wrap"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Topsoil_geochemistry_Calcium.png" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="BGS Topsoil geochemistry - Calcium." data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Topsoil_geochemistry_Calcium.png" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <div>Geochemistry</div> <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/datasets/uk-topsoil-geochemistry/">UK: Topsoil geochemistry</a></h4> <p>The UK Compiled Topsoil Dataset (UKTS), is the most extensive topsoil geochemistry dataset for the UK.</p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/datasets/uk-topsoil-geochemistry/">Show more</a> </div> </div> <div class="item cards cards-find-more press-release"> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/warnings-for-scottish-farmers-and-distillers-as-new-data-indicates-climate-change-may-double-number-of-droughts/" class="media-wrap"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/scottish-river-in-low-flow.webp" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Scottish river in low flow. © Paul Glendell" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/scottish-river-in-low-flow.webp" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <div>BGS news</div> <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/warnings-for-scottish-farmers-and-distillers-as-new-data-indicates-climate-change-may-double-number-of-droughts/">Warnings for Scottish farmers and distillers as new data indicates climate change may double number of droughts</a></h4> <p>23/07/2024</p> <p>The agricultural and distilling sectors could face significant challenges after research finds the number of droughts in Scotland may double in the next 25 years. </p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/warnings-for-scottish-farmers-and-distillers-as-new-data-indicates-climate-change-may-double-number-of-droughts/">Show more</a> </div> </div> <div class="item cards cards-find-more "> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/spotlight-on-bgs-coastal-erosion-data/" class="media-wrap"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/iStock-1299945115_Holderness_Coast.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Coastal Erosion at Skipsea on the East Yorkshire Coast. © Matthew J Thomas / iStockphoto" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/iStock-1299945115_Holderness_Coast.jpg" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <div>Research highlight</div> <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/spotlight-on-bgs-coastal-erosion-data/">Spotlight on BGS coastal erosion data</a></h4> <p>18/07/2024</p> <p>BGS GeoCoast data can support researchers and practitioners facing coastal erosion adaptation challenges along our coastline.</p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/spotlight-on-bgs-coastal-erosion-data/">Show more</a> </div> </div> <div class="item cards cards-find-more "> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/creswell-crags-museum-collections-offer-insight-into-the-past-and-future-of-wolves/" class="media-wrap"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/geograph-6702517-by-Sandy-Gerrard.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="Pale cliffs above a flat grassy area with ivy and trees growing across some of them. There are several, large and small caves in the cliffs." data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/geograph-6702517-by-Sandy-Gerrard.jpg" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <div>Research highlight</div> <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/creswell-crags-museum-collections-offer-insight-into-the-past-and-future-of-wolves/">Creswell Crags Museum collections offer insight into the past and future of wolves</a></h4> <p>12/07/2024</p> <p>Bones found at the site are helping scientists to understand the diet of wolves and how they differ over time. </p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/creswell-crags-museum-collections-offer-insight-into-the-past-and-future-of-wolves/">Show more</a> </div> </div> <div class="item cards cards-find-more "> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/environmental-modelling/philippine-national-hydrological-model/" class="media-wrap"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/PNHM_feature_image.png" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="A screenshot of the Philippine National Hydrological Model" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/PNHM_feature_image.png" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <div></div> <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/environmental-modelling/philippine-national-hydrological-model/">Philippine National Hydrological Model</a></h4> <p>The first national-scale hydrological model of the Philippines.</p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/environmental-modelling/philippine-national-hydrological-model/">Show more</a> </div> </div> <div class="item cards cards-find-more "> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/environmental-modelling/glacial-periglacial-and-permafrost-modelling/" class="media-wrap"> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/3.jpg" class="lazy-blur wp-post-image" alt="A glacier splits into ice blocks as it moves down a steep slope" data-src="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/3.jpg" /> </a> <div class="info-wrap"> <div class="info"> <div></div> <h4><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/environmental-modelling/glacial-periglacial-and-permafrost-modelling/">Glacial, periglacial and permafrost modelling</a></h4> <p>Glacier ice and permafrost have important implications for global water security and energy infrastructure</p> </div> <a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/environmental-modelling/glacial-periglacial-and-permafrost-modelling/">Show more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="cta-section sea-background-e "> <div class="container"> <div class="row md-row"> <div class="col-12"> <h2>The BGS Strategy</h2> <div>Access our science strategy for 2023 to 2027, 'Understanding our Earth'</div> <div class="btn-wrap"><a href="https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/strategy-2023-to-2028/" class="button primary-background ">BGS Strategy</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="question-section basic-background-1"> <div class="container"> <div class="row header-of-section"> <div class="col-12"> <h2>Was this page helpful?</h2> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="btn-wrap"> <button class="primary-background button button-positive"><span class="button-content" tabindex="-1">Yes</span></button> <button class="basic-background-1 button button-negative"><span class="button-content" tabindex="-1">No</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 quest-form-wrp"> <button class="button no-btn btn-quest d-none"><span class="button-content answer-close icon-close" tabindex="-1"></span><span class="screen-reader">Close Button</span></button> <script type="text/javascript"></script> <div class='gf_browser_ie gf_browser_ie7 gform_wrapper gform_legacy_markup_wrapper 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id='gform_fields_1' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below'><li id="field_1_1" class="gfield gfield--type-html gfield_html gfield_no_follows_desc field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_1_1" ><div class="triagle"></div> <p>How can we make this section better?*</p></li><li id="field_1_2" class="gfield gfield--type-textarea gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_1_2" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_1_2'>How can we make this section better?<span class="gfield_required"><span class="gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk">*</span></span></label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_2' id='input_1_2' class='textarea medium' placeholder='Write something...' aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" rows='10' cols='50'></textarea></div></li><li id="field_1_3" class="gfield gfield--type-captcha field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_1_3" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_1_3'>CAPTCHA</label><div id='input_1_3' class='ginput_container ginput_recaptcha' data-sitekey='6LfJddAZAAAAAMRa5RIOMJkDugf7i7IL3rcCYibH' data-theme='light' data-tabindex='-1' data-size='invisible' data-badge='inline'></div></li></ul></div> <div class='gform_footer top_label'> <input type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_1' class='gform_button button' value='Submit' onclick='if(window["gf_submitting_1"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_1"]=true;} ' onkeypress='if( event.keyCode == 13 ){ if(window["gf_submitting_1"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_1"]=true;} jQuery("#gform_1").trigger("submit",[true]); }' /> <input type='hidden' name='gform_ajax' value='form_id=1&title=&description=&tabindex=0&theme=legacy' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_1' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_1' value='WyJbXSIsIjg5Yzk3N2M1MjQ4M2Y4NzU2N2Y0YTU0MWZlOTNhOTJmIl0=' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_1' id='gform_target_page_number_1' value='0' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_1' id='gform_source_page_number_1' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' /> </div> </form> </div> <iframe style='display:none;width:0px;height:0px;' src='about:blank' name='gform_ajax_frame_1' id='gform_ajax_frame_1' title='This iframe contains the logic required to handle Ajax powered Gravity Forms.'></iframe> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 1, 'https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_1').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_1');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_1').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! is_redirect && ! is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { /* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome */ jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').offset().top - mt); }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_1').val();gformInitSpinner( 1, 'https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [1, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_1'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gf_1').offset().top - mt);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [1]);window['gf_submitting_1'] = false;wp.a11y.speak(jQuery('#gform_confirmation_message_1').text());}else{jQuery('#gform_1').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger("gform_pre_post_render", [{ formId: "1", currentPage: "current_page", abort: function() { this.preventDefault(); } }]); if (event && event.defaultPrevented) { return; } const gformWrapperDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_wrapper_1" ); if ( gformWrapperDiv ) { const visibilitySpan = document.createElement( "span" ); visibilitySpan.id = "gform_visibility_test_1"; gformWrapperDiv.insertAdjacentElement( "afterend", visibilitySpan ); } const visibilityTestDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_visibility_test_1" ); let postRenderFired = false; function triggerPostRender() { if ( postRenderFired ) { return; } postRenderFired = true; jQuery( document ).trigger( 'gform_post_render', [1, current_page] ); gform.utils.trigger( { event: 'gform/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 1, currentPage: current_page } } ); if ( visibilityTestDiv ) { visibilityTestDiv.parentNode.removeChild( visibilityTestDiv ); } } function debounce( func, wait, immediate ) { var timeout; return function() { var context = this, args = arguments; var later = function() { timeout = null; if ( !immediate ) func.apply( context, args ); }; var callNow = immediate && !timeout; clearTimeout( timeout ); timeout = setTimeout( later, wait ); if ( callNow ) func.apply( context, args ); }; } const debouncedTriggerPostRender = debounce( function() { triggerPostRender(); }, 200 ); if ( visibilityTestDiv && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent === null ) { const observer = new MutationObserver( ( mutations ) => { mutations.forEach( ( mutation ) => { if ( mutation.type === 'attributes' && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent !== null ) { debouncedTriggerPostRender(); observer.disconnect(); } }); }); observer.observe( document.body, { attributes: true, childList: false, subtree: true, attributeFilter: [ 'style', 'class' ], }); } else { triggerPostRender(); } } );} ); /* ]]> */ </script> <div class='gf_browser_ie gf_browser_ie7 gform_wrapper gform_legacy_markup_wrapper gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='legacy' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_3' ><style>#gform_wrapper_3[data-form-index="0"].gform-theme,[data-parent-form="3_0"]{--gf-color-primary: #204ce5;--gf-color-primary-rgb: 32, 76, 229;--gf-color-primary-contrast: #fff;--gf-color-primary-contrast-rgb: 255, 255, 255;--gf-color-primary-darker: #001AB3;--gf-color-primary-lighter: #527EFF;--gf-color-secondary: #fff;--gf-color-secondary-rgb: 255, 255, 255;--gf-color-secondary-contrast: #112337;--gf-color-secondary-contrast-rgb: 17, 35, 55;--gf-color-secondary-darker: #F5F5F5;--gf-color-secondary-lighter: #FFFFFF;--gf-color-out-ctrl-light: rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.1);--gf-color-out-ctrl-light-rgb: 17, 35, 55;--gf-color-out-ctrl-light-darker: rgba(104, 110, 119, 0.35);--gf-color-out-ctrl-light-lighter: #F5F5F5;--gf-color-out-ctrl-dark: #585e6a;--gf-color-out-ctrl-dark-rgb: 88, 94, 106;--gf-color-out-ctrl-dark-darker: #112337;--gf-color-out-ctrl-dark-lighter: rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.65);--gf-color-in-ctrl: #fff;--gf-color-in-ctrl-rgb: 255, 255, 255;--gf-color-in-ctrl-contrast: #112337;--gf-color-in-ctrl-contrast-rgb: 17, 35, 55;--gf-color-in-ctrl-darker: #F5F5F5;--gf-color-in-ctrl-lighter: #FFFFFF;--gf-color-in-ctrl-primary: #204ce5;--gf-color-in-ctrl-primary-rgb: 32, 76, 229;--gf-color-in-ctrl-primary-contrast: #fff;--gf-color-in-ctrl-primary-contrast-rgb: 255, 255, 255;--gf-color-in-ctrl-primary-darker: #001AB3;--gf-color-in-ctrl-primary-lighter: #527EFF;--gf-color-in-ctrl-light: rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.1);--gf-color-in-ctrl-light-rgb: 17, 35, 55;--gf-color-in-ctrl-light-darker: rgba(104, 110, 119, 0.35);--gf-color-in-ctrl-light-lighter: #F5F5F5;--gf-color-in-ctrl-dark: #585e6a;--gf-color-in-ctrl-dark-rgb: 88, 94, 106;--gf-color-in-ctrl-dark-darker: #112337;--gf-color-in-ctrl-dark-lighter: rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.65);--gf-radius: 3px;--gf-font-size-secondary: 14px;--gf-font-size-tertiary: 13px;--gf-icon-ctrl-number: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='8' height='14' viewBox='0 0 8 14' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath fill-rule='evenodd' clip-rule='evenodd' d='M4 0C4.26522 5.96046e-08 4.51957 0.105357 4.70711 0.292893L7.70711 3.29289C8.09763 3.68342 8.09763 4.31658 7.70711 4.70711C7.31658 5.09763 6.68342 5.09763 6.29289 4.70711L4 2.41421L1.70711 4.70711C1.31658 5.09763 0.683417 5.09763 0.292893 4.70711C-0.0976311 4.31658 -0.097631 3.68342 0.292893 3.29289L3.29289 0.292893C3.48043 0.105357 3.73478 0 4 0ZM0.292893 9.29289C0.683417 8.90237 1.31658 8.90237 1.70711 9.29289L4 11.5858L6.29289 9.29289C6.68342 8.90237 7.31658 8.90237 7.70711 9.29289C8.09763 9.68342 8.09763 10.3166 7.70711 10.7071L4.70711 13.7071C4.31658 14.0976 3.68342 14.0976 3.29289 13.7071L0.292893 10.7071C-0.0976311 10.3166 -0.0976311 9.68342 0.292893 9.29289Z' fill='rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.65)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");--gf-icon-ctrl-select: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='10' height='6' viewBox='0 0 10 6' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath fill-rule='evenodd' clip-rule='evenodd' d='M0.292893 0.292893C0.683417 -0.097631 1.31658 -0.097631 1.70711 0.292893L5 3.58579L8.29289 0.292893C8.68342 -0.0976311 9.31658 -0.0976311 9.70711 0.292893C10.0976 0.683417 10.0976 1.31658 9.70711 1.70711L5.70711 5.70711C5.31658 6.09763 4.68342 6.09763 4.29289 5.70711L0.292893 1.70711C-0.0976311 1.31658 -0.0976311 0.683418 0.292893 0.292893Z' fill='rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.65)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");--gf-icon-ctrl-search: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg version='1.1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='640' height='640'%3E%3Cpath d='M256 128c-70.692 0-128 57.308-128 128 0 70.691 57.308 128 128 128 70.691 0 128-57.309 128-128 0-70.692-57.309-128-128-128zM64 256c0-106.039 85.961-192 192-192s192 85.961 192 192c0 41.466-13.146 79.863-35.498 111.248l154.125 154.125c12.496 12.496 12.496 32.758 0 45.254s-32.758 12.496-45.254 0L367.248 412.502C335.862 434.854 297.467 448 256 448c-106.039 0-192-85.962-192-192z' fill='rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.65)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");--gf-label-space-y-secondary: var(--gf-label-space-y-md-secondary);--gf-ctrl-border-color: #686e77;--gf-ctrl-size: var(--gf-ctrl-size-md);--gf-ctrl-label-color-primary: #112337;--gf-ctrl-label-color-secondary: #112337;--gf-ctrl-choice-size: var(--gf-ctrl-choice-size-md);--gf-ctrl-checkbox-check-size: var(--gf-ctrl-checkbox-check-size-md);--gf-ctrl-radio-check-size: var(--gf-ctrl-radio-check-size-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-font-size: var(--gf-ctrl-btn-font-size-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-padding-x: var(--gf-ctrl-btn-padding-x-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-size: var(--gf-ctrl-btn-size-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-border-color-secondary: #686e77;--gf-ctrl-file-btn-bg-color-hover: #EBEBEB;--gf-field-pg-steps-number-color: rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.8);}</style><div id='gf_3' class='gform_anchor' tabindex='-1'></div><form method='post' enctype='multipart/form-data' target='gform_ajax_frame_3' id='gform_3' class="answer-negative primary-background-b" action="/#" novalidate> <div class='gform-body gform_body'><ul id='gform_fields_3' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below'><li id="field_3_1" class="gfield gfield--type-html gfield_html gfield_no_follows_desc field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_3_1" ><div class="triagle"></div> <p>Please select a reason*</p></li><li id="field_3_3" class="gfield gfield--type-select half-column gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_3_3" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_3_3'>Please select a reason<span class="gfield_required"><span class="gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk">*</span></span></label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_select'><select name='input_3' id='input_3_3' class='medium gfield_select' aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" ><option value='' selected='selected' class='gf_placeholder'>Select reason</option><option value='Didn't answer my question' >Didn't answer my question</option><option value='Too confusing' >Too confusing</option><option value='Links are broken/Doesn't work' >Links are broken/Doesn't work</option></select></div></li><li id="field_3_4" class="gfield gfield--type-html gfield_html gfield_html_formatted gfield_no_follows_desc field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_3_4" ><p>How can we make this section better?*</p></li><li id="field_3_2" class="gfield gfield--type-textarea gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_3_2" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_3_2'>How can we make this section better?<span class="gfield_required"><span class="gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk">*</span></span></label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_2' id='input_3_2' class='textarea medium' placeholder='Write something...' aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" rows='10' cols='50'></textarea></div></li><li id="field_3_5" class="gfield gfield--type-captcha field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_3_5" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_3_5'>CAPTCHA</label><div id='input_3_5' class='ginput_container ginput_recaptcha' data-sitekey='6LfJddAZAAAAAMRa5RIOMJkDugf7i7IL3rcCYibH' data-theme='light' data-tabindex='-1' data-size='invisible' data-badge='inline'></div></li></ul></div> <div class='gform_footer top_label'> <input type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_3' class='gform_button button' value='Submit' onclick='if(window["gf_submitting_3"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_3")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_3")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_3"]=true;} ' onkeypress='if( event.keyCode == 13 ){ if(window["gf_submitting_3"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_3")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_3")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_3"]=true;} jQuery("#gform_3").trigger("submit",[true]); }' /> <input type='hidden' name='gform_ajax' value='form_id=3&title=&description=&tabindex=0&theme=legacy' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_3' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='3' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_3' value='WyJbXSIsIjg5Yzk3N2M1MjQ4M2Y4NzU2N2Y0YTU0MWZlOTNhOTJmIl0=' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_3' id='gform_target_page_number_3' value='0' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_3' id='gform_source_page_number_3' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' /> </div> </form> </div> <iframe style='display:none;width:0px;height:0px;' src='about:blank' name='gform_ajax_frame_3' id='gform_ajax_frame_3' title='This iframe contains the logic required to handle Ajax powered Gravity Forms.'></iframe> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 3, 'https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_3').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_3');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_3').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! is_redirect && ! is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_3').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_3').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_3').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { /* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome */ jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gform_wrapper_3').offset().top - mt); }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_3').val();gformInitSpinner( 3, 'https://www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [3, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_3'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}jQuery('#gform_wrapper_3').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gf_3').offset().top - mt);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [3]);window['gf_submitting_3'] = false;wp.a11y.speak(jQuery('#gform_confirmation_message_3').text());}else{jQuery('#gform_3').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger("gform_pre_post_render", [{ formId: "3", currentPage: "current_page", abort: function() { this.preventDefault(); } }]); if (event && event.defaultPrevented) { return; } const gformWrapperDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_wrapper_3" ); if ( gformWrapperDiv ) { const visibilitySpan = document.createElement( "span" ); visibilitySpan.id = "gform_visibility_test_3"; gformWrapperDiv.insertAdjacentElement( "afterend", visibilitySpan ); } const visibilityTestDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_visibility_test_3" ); let postRenderFired = false; function triggerPostRender() { if ( postRenderFired ) { return; } postRenderFired = true; jQuery( document ).trigger( 'gform_post_render', [3, current_page] ); gform.utils.trigger( { event: 'gform/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 3, currentPage: current_page } } ); if ( visibilityTestDiv ) { visibilityTestDiv.parentNode.removeChild( visibilityTestDiv ); } } function debounce( func, wait, immediate ) { var timeout; return function() { var context = this, args = arguments; var later = function() { timeout = null; if ( !immediate ) func.apply( context, args ); }; var callNow = immediate && !timeout; clearTimeout( timeout ); timeout = setTimeout( later, wait ); if ( callNow ) func.apply( context, args ); }; } const debouncedTriggerPostRender = debounce( function() { triggerPostRender(); }, 200 ); if ( visibilityTestDiv && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent === null ) { const observer = new MutationObserver( ( mutations ) => { mutations.forEach( ( mutation ) => { if ( mutation.type === 'attributes' && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent !== null ) { debouncedTriggerPostRender(); observer.disconnect(); } }); }); observer.observe( document.body, { attributes: true, childList: false, subtree: true, attributeFilter: [ 'style', 'class' ], }); } else { triggerPostRender(); } } );} ); /* ]]> */ </script> </div> </div> </div> </section> </main> <footer > <div class="cookies-wrap sky-background-e cookies-no-display"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-2"> 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