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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Floricans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Floricans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Floricans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Floricans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behaviour_and_ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behaviour_and_ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Behaviour and ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Behaviour_and_ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Evolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status_and_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status_and_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Status and conservation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Status_and_conservation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Status and conservation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Status_and_conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bustard</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 71 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Дудакъ лъэпкъыр – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Дудакъ лъэпкъыр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildepou" title="Wildepou – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wildepou" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حباريات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حباريات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otidiformes" title="Otidiformes – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Otidiformes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dovdaqlar" title="Dovdaqlar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dovdaqlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="دویداقلار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دویداقلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Драфіныя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Драфіныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otiz" title="Otiz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Otiz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ot%C3%ADdids" title="Otídids – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Otídids" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%BA%C4%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Хир кăркки йышшисем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хир кăркки йышшисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otididae" title="Otididae – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Otididae" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropi" title="Dropi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dropi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otidiformes" title="Otidiformes – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Otidiformes" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nami%C9%94%C5%8B" title="Namiɔŋ – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Namiɔŋ" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapper_(fugle)" title="Trapper (fugle) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Trapper (fugle)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trappen" title="Trappen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Trappen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9%C3%A9h_d%C3%A9%C3%A9%C5%82" title="Tééh dééł – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tééh dééł" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otidiformes" title="Otidiformes – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Otidiformes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otidedoj" title="Otidedoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Otidedoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basoilo" title="Basoilo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Basoilo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%87" title="هوبره – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هوبره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otididae" title="Otididae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Otididae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapf%C3%BBgels" title="Trapfûgels – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Trapfûgels" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otididae" title="Otididae – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Otididae" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ot%C3%ADdidos" title="Otídidos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Otídidos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8A%90%EC%8B%9C%EA%B3%BC" title="느시과 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="느시과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuje" title="Tuje – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tuje" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Արոսներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արոսներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="तिलोर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तिलोर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utardo" title="Utardo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Utardo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalkun-padang" title="Kalkun-padang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kalkun-padang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otididae" title="Otididae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Otididae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="חובתיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חובתיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სავათისებრნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სავათისებრნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%82%D2%B1%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Дуадақтар тұқымдасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дуадақтар тұқымдасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandawala" title="Tandawala – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tandawala" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buomi_(Otididae)" title="Buomi (Otididae) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Buomi (Otididae)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Тоодактар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тоодактар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otididae" title="Otididae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Otididae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%ABgu_dzimta" title="Sīgu dzimta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sīgu dzimta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eininiai" title="Eininiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Eininiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BAzokalak%C3%BAak" title="Túzokalakúak – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Túzokalakúak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حباريات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حباريات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otididae" title="Otididae – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Otididae" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Тоодгийнхон – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тоодгийнхон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trappen" title="Trappen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Trappen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E7%A7%91" title="ノガン科 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノガン科" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapenf%C3%B6gler" title="Trapenfögler – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Trapenfögler" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trappefamilien" title="Trappefamilien – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Trappefamilien" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trappar" title="Trappar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Trappar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvaloqlar" title="Tuvaloqlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tuvaloqlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropie" title="Dropie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dropie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abetarda" title="Abetarda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abetarda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otididae" title="Otididae – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Otididae" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Дрофиные – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дрофиные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bustard" title="Bustard – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bustard" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropotvar%C3%A9" title="Dropotvaré – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dropotvaré" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droplje" title="Droplje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Droplje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugley" title="Jugley – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jugley" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droplja" title="Droplja – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Droplja" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapit" title="Trapit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Trapit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trappar" title="Trappar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Trappar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="பஸ்டார்ட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பஸ்டார்ட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otididae" title="Otididae – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Otididae" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Дрохвові – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дрохвові" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="تلور – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تلور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_%C3%94_t%C3%A1c" title="Họ Ô tác – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Họ Ô tác" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otididae" title="Otididae – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Otididae" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B8%A8" title="鸨 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鸨" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B4%87" title="鴇 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鴇" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B8%A8" title="鸨 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鸨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q21755#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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</div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Otididae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Otididae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q21755" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Bastard_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bastard (disambiguation)">bastard</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Bustards<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <br /><a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a>–<a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a>, <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">13–0 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:215.6px; width:4.4px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:215.6px; width:4.4px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:216.6px; width:2.4px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kori_Bustard_Bushes_2019-07-26.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kori_Bustard_Bushes_2019-07-26.jpg/260px-Kori_Bustard_Bushes_2019-07-26.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kori_Bustard_Bushes_2019-07-26.jpg/390px-Kori_Bustard_Bushes_2019-07-26.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kori_Bustard_Bushes_2019-07-26.jpg/520px-Kori_Bustard_Bushes_2019-07-26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2257" data-file-height="3386" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/Kori_bustard" title="Kori bustard">Kori bustard</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Otididae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Aves</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Otidimorphae" title="Otidimorphae">Otidimorphae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Otidiformes</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Wagler" title="Johann Georg Wagler">Wagler</a>, 1830</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Otididae</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Samuel_Rafinesque" title="Constantine Samuel Rafinesque">Rafinesque</a>, 1815</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Genera </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lissotis" title="Lissotis">Lissotis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ardeotis" title="Ardeotis">Ardeotis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neotis" title="Neotis">Neotis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tetrax" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrax">Tetrax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Otis_(bird)" title="Otis (bird)">Otis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chlamydotis" title="Chlamydotis">Chlamydotis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Houbaropsis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houbaropsis">Houbaropsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sypheotides" class="mw-redirect" title="Sypheotides">Sypheotides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lophotis" title="Lophotis">Lophotis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eupodotis" title="Eupodotis">Eupodotis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Afrotis" title="Afrotis">Afrotis</a></i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>Gryzajidae <small>Brodkorb 1967</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Bustards</b>, including <b>floricans</b> and <b>korhaans</b>, are large, <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_animal" title="Terrestrial animal">terrestrial</a> <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a> living mainly in <a href="/wiki/Dry_grassland" title="Dry grassland">dry grassland</a> areas and in <a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">steppe</a> regions. They range in length from 40 to 150 cm (16 to 59 in). They make up the <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <b>Otididae</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>/</a></span></span>, formerly known as <b>Otidae</b>).<sup id="cite_ref-IOC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bustards are <a href="/wiki/Omnivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Omnivorous">omnivorous</a> and opportunistic, eating leaves, buds, seeds, fruit, small <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrates</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 26 species currently recognised. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bustard&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>bustard</i> comes from the Old French <i>bistarda</i> and some other languages: <i>abetarda</i> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">pt</a>), <i>abetarda</i> (<a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">gl</a>), <i>avutarda</i> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">es</a>) used for the <a href="/wiki/Great_bustard" title="Great bustard">great bustard</a>. The naturalist <a href="/wiki/William_Turner_(naturalist)" title="William Turner (naturalist)">William Turner</a> listed the English spelling "bustard" and "bistard" in 1544.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All of the common names above are derived from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>avis tarda</i> or <i>aves tardas</i> given by <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pliny_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pliny-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these names were mentioned by the <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Belon" title="Pierre Belon">Pierre Belon</a> in 1555 and <a href="/wiki/Ulisse_Aldrovandi" title="Ulisse Aldrovandi">Ulisse Aldrovandi</a> in 1600.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>tarda</i> comes from <i>tardus</i> in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> meaning "slow" and "deliberate",<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is apt to describe the typical walking style of the species.<sup id="cite_ref-eol_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eol-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Floricans">Floricans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bustard&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Floricans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some Indian bustards are also called floricans. The origin of the name is unclear. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Jerdon" title="Thomas C. Jerdon">Thomas C. Jerdon</a> writes in <i>The Birds of India</i> (1862) </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I have not been able to trace the origin of the Anglo-Indian word <i>Florikin</i>, but was once informed that the Little Bustard in Europe was sometimes called Flanderkin. Latham gives the word <i>Flercher</i> as an English name, and this, apparently, has the same origin as Florikin.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Jerdon's <i>Birds of India</i>, 2nd ed. ii. 625.</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hobson-Jobson" title="Hobson-Jobson">Hobson-Jobson</a> dictionary, however, casts doubt on this theory stating that </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We doubt if Jerdon has here understood Latham correctly. What Latham writes is, in describing the Passarage Bustard, which, he says, is the size of the Little Bustard: <i>Inhabits India. Called Passarage Plover. ... I find that it is known in India by the name of Oorail; by some of the English called Flercher.</i> (Suppt. to Gen. Synopsis of Birds, 1787, 229). Here we understand <i>the English</i> to be the English in India, and Flercher to be a clerical error for some form of <i>floriken.</i></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bustard&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_bustards" title="List of bustards">List of bustards</a></div> <p>The family Otididae was introduced (as Otidia) by the French <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymath</a> <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Samuel_Rafinesque" title="Constantine Samuel Rafinesque">Constantine Samuel Rafinesque</a> in 1815.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Otididae</i> and before that <i>Otidae</i> come from the genus <i>Otis</i> given to the <a href="/wiki/Great_bustard" title="Great bustard">great bustard</a> by the Swedish naturalist <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> in the <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">tenth edition</a> of his <i><a href="/wiki/Systema_Naturae" title="Systema Naturae">Systema Naturae</a></i> in 1758,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it comes from the Greek word <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">ὠτίς</span></span> <i>ōtis</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; vertical-align: middle; width: 248px; margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 1em; float:right; clear:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border: 0; padding: 0;">Phylogeny of Otididae<sup id="cite_ref-Boyd_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyd-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 5px"> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:90%;line-height:80%;width:500px"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><i><a href="/wiki/Lissotis" title="Lissotis">Lissotis</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>L. hartlaubii</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hartlaub%27s_bustard" title="Hartlaub's bustard">Hartlaub's bustard</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>L. melanogaster</i> (<a href="/wiki/Black-bellied_bustard" title="Black-bellied bustard">black-bellied bustard</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><i><a href="/wiki/Ardeotis" title="Ardeotis">Ardeotis</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>A. nuba</i> (<a href="/wiki/Nubian_bustard" title="Nubian bustard">Nubian bustard</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>A. ludwigii</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ludwig%27s_bustard" title="Ludwig's bustard">Ludwig's bustard</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>A. denhami</i> (<a href="/wiki/Denham%27s_bustard" title="Denham's bustard">Denham's bustard</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>A. heuglinii</i> (<a href="/wiki/Heuglin%27s_bustard" title="Heuglin's bustard">Heuglin's bustard</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>A. arabs</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabian_bustard" title="Arabian bustard">Arabian bustard</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>A. kori</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kori_bustard" title="Kori bustard">Kori bustard</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>A. nigriceps</i> (<a href="/wiki/Great_Indian_bustard" title="Great Indian bustard">Great Indian bustard</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>A. australis</i> (<a href="/wiki/Australian_bustard" title="Australian bustard">Australian bustard</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tetrax_tetrax" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrax tetrax">Tetrax tetrax</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Little_bustard" title="Little bustard">little bustard</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Otis_tarda" class="mw-redirect" title="Otis tarda">Otis tarda</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Great_bustard" title="Great bustard">great bustard</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Chlamydotis" title="Chlamydotis">Chlamydotis</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>C. macqueenii</i> (<a href="/wiki/MacQueen%27s_bustard" class="mw-redirect" title="MacQueen's bustard">MacQueen's bustard</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>C. undulata</i> (<a href="/wiki/Houbara_bustard" class="mw-redirect" title="Houbara bustard">houbara bustard</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Sypheotides_indicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sypheotides indicus">Sypheotides indicus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lesser_florican" title="Lesser florican">lesser florican</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Houbaropsis_bengalensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houbaropsis bengalensis">Houbaropsis bengalensis</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Bengal_florican" title="Bengal florican">Bengal florican</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Lophotis" title="Lophotis">Lophotis</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>L. ruficrista</i> (<a href="/wiki/Red-crested_bustard" class="mw-redirect" title="Red-crested bustard">red-crested bustard</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>L. savilei</i> (<a href="/wiki/Savile%27s_bustard" title="Savile's bustard">Savile's bustard</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>L. gindiana</i> (<a href="/wiki/Buff-crested_bustard" title="Buff-crested bustard">buff-crested bustard</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><i><a href="/wiki/Heterotetrax" title="Heterotetrax">Heterotetrax</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>H. humilis</i> (<a href="/wiki/Little_brown_bustard" title="Little brown bustard">little brown bustard</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>H. rueppelii</i> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCppell%27s_korhaan" title="Rüppell's korhaan">Rüppell's korhaan</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>H. vigorsii</i> (<a href="/wiki/Karoo_korhaan" title="Karoo korhaan">karoo korhaan</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><i><a href="/wiki/Afrotis" title="Afrotis">Afrotis</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>A. afra</i> (<a href="/wiki/Southern_black_korhaan" title="Southern black korhaan">southern black korhaan</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>A. afraoides</i> (<a href="/wiki/Northern_black_korhaan" title="Northern black korhaan">northern black korhaan</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Eupodotis" title="Eupodotis">Eupodotis</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>E. senegalensis</i> (<a href="/wiki/White-bellied_bustard" title="White-bellied bustard">white-bellied bustard</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>E. caerulescens</i> (<a href="/wiki/Blue_korhaan" title="Blue korhaan">blue korhaan</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Family Otididae</b><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="A reference is needed for the extinct genera and species. The IOC list only deals with extant species. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Image</th> <th>Genus</th> <th>Living species </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black-bellied_Bustard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Black-bellied_Bustard.jpg/180px-Black-bellied_Bustard.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Black-bellied_Bustard.jpg/270px-Black-bellied_Bustard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Black-bellied_Bustard.jpg/360px-Black-bellied_Bustard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2688" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Lissotis" title="Lissotis">Lissotis</a></i> <small>Reichenbach 1848</small> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hartlaub%27s_bustard" title="Hartlaub's bustard">Hartlaub's bustard</a>, <i>Lissotis hartlaubii</i> <small>(Heuglin 1863)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-bellied_bustard" title="Black-bellied bustard">Black-bellied bustard</a>, <i>Lissotis melanogaster</i> <small>(Rüppell 1835)</small> <ul><li><i>L. m. notophila</i> <small>Oberholser 1905</small></li> <li><i>L. m. melanogaster</i> <small>(Rüppell 1835)</small></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Denham%27s_Bustard_(Neotis_denhami)_(7083219537).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Denham%27s_Bustard_%28Neotis_denhami%29_%287083219537%29.jpg/180px-Denham%27s_Bustard_%28Neotis_denhami%29_%287083219537%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Denham%27s_Bustard_%28Neotis_denhami%29_%287083219537%29.jpg/270px-Denham%27s_Bustard_%28Neotis_denhami%29_%287083219537%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Denham%27s_Bustard_%28Neotis_denhami%29_%287083219537%29.jpg/360px-Denham%27s_Bustard_%28Neotis_denhami%29_%287083219537%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Neotis" title="Neotis">Neotis</a></i> <small>Sharpe 1893</small> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nubian_bustard" title="Nubian bustard">Nubian bustard</a>, <i>Neotis nuba</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig%27s_bustard" title="Ludwig's bustard">Ludwig's bustard</a>, <i>Neotis ludwigii</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denham%27s_bustard" title="Denham's bustard">Denham's bustard</a>, <i>Neotis denhami</i> <ul><li><i>N. d. denhami</i> (Denham's bustard)</li> <li><i>N. d. jacksoni</i> (Jackson's bustard)</li> <li><i>N. d. stanleyi</i> (Stanley bustard)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heuglin%27s_bustard" title="Heuglin's bustard">Heuglin's bustard</a>, <i>Neotis heuglinii</i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Indian_Bustard_from_DNP_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Great_Indian_Bustard_from_DNP_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Great_Indian_Bustard_from_DNP_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Great_Indian_Bustard_from_DNP_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-Great_Indian_Bustard_from_DNP_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Great_Indian_Bustard_from_DNP_%28cropped%29.jpg/360px-Great_Indian_Bustard_from_DNP_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ardeotis" title="Ardeotis">Ardeotis</a></i> <small>Le Maout 1853</small> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_bustard" title="Arabian bustard">Arabian bustard</a>, <i>Ardeotis arabs</i> <small>(Linnaeus 1758)</small> <ul><li><i>A. a. lynesi</i> <small>(Bannerman 1930)</small> (Moroccan bustard)</li> <li><i>A. a. stieberi</i> <small>(Neumann 1907)</small> (great Arabian bustard)</li> <li><i>A. a. arabs</i> <small>(Linnaeus 1758)</small></li> <li><i>A. a. butleri</i> <small>(Bannerman 1930)</small> (Sudan bustard)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_bustard" title="Australian bustard">Australian bustard</a>, <i>Ardeotis australis</i> <small>(Gray 1829)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Indian_bustard" title="Great Indian bustard">Great Indian bustard</a>, <i>Ardeotis nigriceps</i> <small>(Vigors 1831)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kori_bustard" title="Kori bustard">Kori bustard</a>, <i>Ardeotis kori</i> <small>(Burchell 1822)</small> <ul><li><i>A. k. struthiunculus</i> <small>(Neumann 1907)</small> (northern Kori bustard)</li> <li><i>A. k. kori</i> <small>(Burchell 1822)</small> (southern Kori bustard)</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Little_Bustard_(Tetrax_tetrax),_Castuera,_Extremadura,_Spain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Little_Bustard_%28Tetrax_tetrax%29%2C_Castuera%2C_Extremadura%2C_Spain.jpg/180px-Little_Bustard_%28Tetrax_tetrax%29%2C_Castuera%2C_Extremadura%2C_Spain.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Little_Bustard_%28Tetrax_tetrax%29%2C_Castuera%2C_Extremadura%2C_Spain.jpg/270px-Little_Bustard_%28Tetrax_tetrax%29%2C_Castuera%2C_Extremadura%2C_Spain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Little_Bustard_%28Tetrax_tetrax%29%2C_Castuera%2C_Extremadura%2C_Spain.jpg/360px-Little_Bustard_%28Tetrax_tetrax%29%2C_Castuera%2C_Extremadura%2C_Spain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="644" /></a></span> </td> <td><i>Tetrax</i> <small>Forster 1817</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrax_paratetrax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrax paratetrax (page does not exist)">T. paratetrax</a></i> <small>(Bocheński & Kuročkin 1987)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_bustard" title="Little bustard">Little bustard</a>, <i>Tetrax tetrax</i> <small>(Linnaeus 1758) Forster 1817</small></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drop_f%C3%BAzat%C3%BD_(Otis_tarda)_(2416576086).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Drop_f%C3%BAzat%C3%BD_%28Otis_tarda%29_%282416576086%29.jpg/180px-Drop_f%C3%BAzat%C3%BD_%28Otis_tarda%29_%282416576086%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Drop_f%C3%BAzat%C3%BD_%28Otis_tarda%29_%282416576086%29.jpg/270px-Drop_f%C3%BAzat%C3%BD_%28Otis_tarda%29_%282416576086%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Drop_f%C3%BAzat%C3%BD_%28Otis_tarda%29_%282416576086%29.jpg/360px-Drop_f%C3%BAzat%C3%BD_%28Otis_tarda%29_%282416576086%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><i>Otis</i> <small>Linnaeus 1758</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otis_bessarabicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otis bessarabicus (page does not exist)">O. bessarabicus</a></i> <small>Kessler & Gal 1996</small></li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otis_hellenica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otis hellenica (page does not exist)">O. hellenica</a></i> <small>Boev, Lazaridis & Tsoukala 2014</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_bustard" title="Great bustard">Great bustard</a>, <i>Otis tarda</i> <small>Linnaeus 1758</small> <ul><li><i>O. t. tarda</i> <small>Linnaeus 1758</small> (western great bustard)</li> <li><i>O. t. dybowskii</i> <small>Taczanowski 1874</small> (eastern great bustard)</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chlamydotis_macqueenii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chlamydotis_macqueenii.jpg/180px-Chlamydotis_macqueenii.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chlamydotis_macqueenii.jpg/270px-Chlamydotis_macqueenii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Chlamydotis_macqueenii.jpg/360px-Chlamydotis_macqueenii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2561" data-file-height="2051" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Chlamydotis" title="Chlamydotis">Chlamydotis</a></i> <small>Lesson 1839</small> </td> <td> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlamydotis_affinis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlamydotis affinis (page does not exist)">C. affinis</a></i> <small>(Lydekker 1891a) Brodkorb 1967</small></li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlamydotis_mesetaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlamydotis mesetaria (page does not exist)">C. mesetaria</a></i> <small>Sánchez Marco 1990</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacQueen%27s_bustard" class="mw-redirect" title="MacQueen's bustard">MacQueen's bustard</a>, <i>Chlamydotis macqueenii</i> <small>(Gray 1832)</small><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houbara_bustard" class="mw-redirect" title="Houbara bustard">Houbara bustard</a>, <i>Chlamydotis undulata</i> <small>(Jacquin 1784)</small> <ul><li><i>C. u. fuertaventurae</i> <small>(Rothschild & Hartert 1894)</small> (Canary Islands houbara bustard)</li> <li><i>C. u. undulata</i> <small>(Jacquin 1784)</small> (North African houbara bustard)</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bengal_Florican_Houbaropsis_bengalensis_bengalensis_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bengal_Florican_Houbaropsis_bengalensis_bengalensis_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Bengal_Florican_Houbaropsis_bengalensis_bengalensis_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bengal_Florican_Houbaropsis_bengalensis_bengalensis_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-Bengal_Florican_Houbaropsis_bengalensis_bengalensis_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bengal_Florican_Houbaropsis_bengalensis_bengalensis_%28cropped%29.jpg/360px-Bengal_Florican_Houbaropsis_bengalensis_bengalensis_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="906" /></a></span> </td> <td><i>Houbaropsis</i> <small>Sharpe 1893</small> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_florican" title="Bengal florican">Bengal florican</a>, <i>Houbaropsis bengalensis</i> <small>(Statius Müller 1776) Sharpe 1893</small> <ul><li><i>H. b. bengalensis</i> <small>(Statius Müller 1776) Sharpe 1893</small></li> <li><i>H. b. blandini</i> <small>Delacour 1928</small></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Male_Lesser_Florican_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Male_Lesser_Florican_%28crop%29.jpg/180px-Male_Lesser_Florican_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Male_Lesser_Florican_%28crop%29.jpg/270px-Male_Lesser_Florican_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Male_Lesser_Florican_%28crop%29.jpg/360px-Male_Lesser_Florican_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><i>Sypheotides</i> <small>Lesson 1839</small> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_florican" title="Lesser florican">Lesser florican</a>, <i>Sypheotides indicus</i> <small>(Miller 1782) Lesson 1839</small></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red-crested_Korhaan_(Lophotis_ruficrista)_male_(13799426305),_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Red-crested_Korhaan_%28Lophotis_ruficrista%29_male_%2813799426305%29%2C_crop.jpg/180px-Red-crested_Korhaan_%28Lophotis_ruficrista%29_male_%2813799426305%29%2C_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Red-crested_Korhaan_%28Lophotis_ruficrista%29_male_%2813799426305%29%2C_crop.jpg/270px-Red-crested_Korhaan_%28Lophotis_ruficrista%29_male_%2813799426305%29%2C_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Red-crested_Korhaan_%28Lophotis_ruficrista%29_male_%2813799426305%29%2C_crop.jpg/360px-Red-crested_Korhaan_%28Lophotis_ruficrista%29_male_%2813799426305%29%2C_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2167" data-file-height="2409" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Lophotis" title="Lophotis">Lophotis</a></i> <small>Reichenbach 1848</small> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red-crested_korhaan" title="Red-crested korhaan">Red-crested korhaan</a>, <i>Lophotis ruficrista</i> <small>(Smith 1836)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savile%27s_bustard" title="Savile's bustard">Savile's bustard</a>, <i>Lophotis savilei</i> <small>Lynes 1920</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buff-crested_bustard" title="Buff-crested bustard">Buff-crested bustard</a>, <i>Lophotis gindiana</i> <small>(Oustalet 1881)</small></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karoo_Korhaan_(Eupodotis_vigorsii)_(31800692824).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Karoo_Korhaan_%28Eupodotis_vigorsii%29_%2831800692824%29.jpg/180px-Karoo_Korhaan_%28Eupodotis_vigorsii%29_%2831800692824%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Karoo_Korhaan_%28Eupodotis_vigorsii%29_%2831800692824%29.jpg/270px-Karoo_Korhaan_%28Eupodotis_vigorsii%29_%2831800692824%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Karoo_Korhaan_%28Eupodotis_vigorsii%29_%2831800692824%29.jpg/360px-Karoo_Korhaan_%28Eupodotis_vigorsii%29_%2831800692824%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2589" data-file-height="3576" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Heterotetrax" title="Heterotetrax">Heterotetrax</a></i> <small>Sharpe 1894</small> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_brown_bustard" title="Little brown bustard">Little brown bustard</a>, <i>Heterotetrax humilis</i> <small>(Blyth 1855)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoo_korhaan" title="Karoo korhaan">Karoo korhaan</a>, <i>Heterotetrax vigorsii</i> <small>(Smith 1831)</small> <ul><li><i>H. v. namaqua</i> <small>(Roberts 1932)</small></li> <li><i>H. v. vigorsii</i> <small>(Smith 1831)</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCppell%27s_korhaan" title="Rüppell's korhaan">Rüppell's korhaan</a>, <i>Heterotetrax rueppelii</i> <small>(Wahlberg 1856)</small> <ul><li><i>H. r. fitzsimonsi</i> <small>(Roberts 1937)</small></li> <li><i>H. r. rueppelii</i> <small>(Wahlberg 1856)</small></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_Korhaan_(Eupodotis_caerulescens)_male.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Blue_Korhaan_%28Eupodotis_caerulescens%29_male.jpg/180px-Blue_Korhaan_%28Eupodotis_caerulescens%29_male.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Blue_Korhaan_%28Eupodotis_caerulescens%29_male.jpg/270px-Blue_Korhaan_%28Eupodotis_caerulescens%29_male.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Blue_Korhaan_%28Eupodotis_caerulescens%29_male.jpg/360px-Blue_Korhaan_%28Eupodotis_caerulescens%29_male.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3269" data-file-height="3119" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Eupodotis" title="Eupodotis">Eupodotis</a></i> <small>Lesson 1839</small> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_korhaan" title="Blue korhaan">Blue korhaan</a>, <i>Eupodotis caerulescens</i> <small>(Vieillot 1820)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-bellied_bustard" title="White-bellied bustard">White-bellied bustard</a>, <i>Eupodotis senegalensis</i> <small>(Vieillot 1821)</small> <ul><li><i>E. s. barrowii</i> <small>(Gray 1829)</small> (Barrow's/southern white-bellied bustard)</li> <li><i>E. s. canicollis</i> <small>(Reichenow 1881)</small> (Somali white-bellied knorhaan)</li> <li><i>E. s. erlangeri</i> <small>(Reichenow 1905)</small></li> <li><i>E. s. mackenziei</i> <small>White 1945</small></li> <li><i>E. s. senegalensis</i> <small>(Vieillot 1821)</small> (Senegal bustard)</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_black_korhaan_(Afrotis_afraoides)_male.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Northern_black_korhaan_%28Afrotis_afraoides%29_male.jpg/180px-Northern_black_korhaan_%28Afrotis_afraoides%29_male.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Northern_black_korhaan_%28Afrotis_afraoides%29_male.jpg/270px-Northern_black_korhaan_%28Afrotis_afraoides%29_male.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Northern_black_korhaan_%28Afrotis_afraoides%29_male.jpg/360px-Northern_black_korhaan_%28Afrotis_afraoides%29_male.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3508" data-file-height="3508" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Afrotis" title="Afrotis">Afrotis</a></i> <small>Gray 1855</small> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_black_korhaan" title="Southern black korhaan">Southern black korhaan</a>, <i>Afrotis afra</i> <small>(Linnaeus 1758)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_black_korhaan" title="Northern black korhaan">Northern black korhaan</a>, <i>Afrotis afraoides</i> <small>(Smith 1831)</small> <ul><li><i>A. a. etoschae</i> <small>(Grote 1922)</small></li> <li><i>A. a. damarensis</i> <small>Roberts 1926</small></li> <li><i>A. a. afraoides</i> <small>(Smith 1831)</small></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dt>Extinct genera</dt></dl> <ul><li>Genus †<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gryzaja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gryzaja (page does not exist)">Gryzaja</a></i> <small>Zubareva 1939</small> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gryzaja_odessana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gryzaja odessana (page does not exist)">Gryzaja odessana</a></i> <small>Zubareva 1939</small></li></ul></li> <li>Genus †<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioriotis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioriotis (page does not exist)">Ioriotis</a></i> <small>Burchak-Abramovich & Vekua 1981</small> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioriotis_gabunii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioriotis gabunii (page does not exist)">Ioriotis gabunii</a></i> <small>Burchak-Abramovich & Vekua 1981</small></li></ul></li> <li>Genus †<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miootis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miootis (page does not exist)">Miootis</a></i> <small>Umanskaya 1979</small> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miootis_compactus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miootis compactus (page does not exist)">Miootis compactus</a></i> <small>Umanskaya 1979</small></li></ul></li> <li>Genus †<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleotis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pleotis (page does not exist)">Pleotis</a></i> <small>Hou 1982</small> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleotis_liui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pleotis liui (page does not exist)">Pleotis liui</a></i> <small>Hou 1982</small></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bustard&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bustards are all fairly large with the two largest <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kori_bustard" title="Kori bustard">kori bustard</a> (<i>Ardeotis kori</i>) and the <a href="/wiki/Great_bustard" title="Great bustard">great bustard</a> (<i>Otis tarda</i>), being frequently cited as the world's heaviest flying birds. In both the largest species, large males exceed a weight of 20 kg (44 lb), weigh around 13.5 kg (30 lb) on average and can attain a total length of 150 cm (59 in). The smallest species is the <a href="/wiki/Little_brown_bustard" title="Little brown bustard">little brown bustard</a> (<i>Eupodotis humilis</i>), which is around 40 cm (16 in) long and weighs around 600 g (1.3 lb) on average. In most bustards, males are substantially larger than females, often about 30% longer and sometimes more than twice the weight. They are among the most <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">sexually dimorphic</a> groups of birds. In only the <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Floricans">floricans</a> is the sexual dimorphism the reverse, with the adult female being slightly larger and heavier than the male.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The wings have 10 primaries and 16–24 secondary feathers. There are 18–20 feathers in the tail. The plumage is predominantly cryptic.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW3_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behaviour_and_ecology">Behaviour and ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bustard&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Behaviour and ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bustards are <a href="/wiki/Omnivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Omnivorous">omnivorous</a>, feeding principally on seeds and <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrates</a>. They make their nests on the ground, making their eggs and offspring often very vulnerable to predation. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. Most prefer to run or walk over flying. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips, and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays, such as inflating throat sacs or elevating elaborate feathered crests. The female lays three to five dark, speckled eggs in a scrape in the ground, and incubates them alone.<sup id="cite_ref-EoB_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoB-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bustard&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Genetic dating indicates that bustards evolved <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 30 million years ago in either southern or eastern Africa from where they dispersed into Eurasia and Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status_and_conservation">Status and conservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bustard&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Status and conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apajpuszta,_Kiskuns%C3%A1gi_Puszta_-_2013.04.13_(32).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Apajpuszta%2C_Kiskuns%C3%A1gi_Puszta_-_2013.04.13_%2832%29.JPG/220px-Apajpuszta%2C_Kiskuns%C3%A1gi_Puszta_-_2013.04.13_%2832%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Apajpuszta%2C_Kiskuns%C3%A1gi_Puszta_-_2013.04.13_%2832%29.JPG/330px-Apajpuszta%2C_Kiskuns%C3%A1gi_Puszta_-_2013.04.13_%2832%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Apajpuszta%2C_Kiskuns%C3%A1gi_Puszta_-_2013.04.13_%2832%29.JPG/440px-Apajpuszta%2C_Kiskuns%C3%A1gi_Puszta_-_2013.04.13_%2832%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Flying bustards – Apajpuszta, Hungary</figcaption></figure> <p>Bustards are gregarious outside the breeding season, but are very wary and difficult to approach in the open habitats they prefer.<sup id="cite_ref-bota_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bota-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most species are declining or endangered through habitat loss and hunting, even where they are nominally protected. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bustard&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The birds were once common and abounded on the <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Plain" title="Salisbury Plain">Salisbury Plain</a>. They had become rare by 1819 when a large male, surprised by a dog on <a href="/wiki/Newmarket_Heath" title="Newmarket Heath">Newmarket Heath</a>, sold in <a href="/wiki/Leadenhall_Market" title="Leadenhall Market">Leadenhall Market</a> for five <a href="/wiki/Guinea_(coin)" title="Guinea (coin)">guineas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last bustard in <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a> died in approximately 1832, but the bird is being reintroduced through batches of chicks imported from Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-bota_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bota-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, two <a href="/wiki/Great_bustard" title="Great bustard">great bustard</a> chicks were hatched in Britain for the first time in more than 170 years.<sup id="cite_ref-birdguides_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birdguides-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reintroduced bustards also hatched chicks in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bustard&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"proximae iis sunt quas Hispania aves tardas appellat, Graecia ωτιδος damnatas in cibis; emissa enim ossibus medulla odoris taedium extemplo sequitur." [Next to these are the birds that Spain calls <i>tardae</i> and Greece <i>otides</i>, which are condemned as an article of diet, because when the marrow is drained out of their bones a disgusting smell at once follows.]<sup id="cite_ref-pliny_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pliny-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bustard&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IOC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IOC_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGillDonskerRasmussen2019" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gill_(ornithologist)" title="Frank Gill (ornithologist)">Gill, Frank</a>; Donsker, David; <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Rasmussen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamela Rasmussen">Rasmussen, Pamela</a>, eds. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/turacos/">"Turacos, bustards, cuckoos, mesites, sandgrouse"</a>. <i>World Bird List Version 9.2</i>. International Ornithologists' Union<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Bird+List+Version+9.2&rft.atitle=Turacos%2C+bustards%2C+cuckoos%2C+mesites%2C+sandgrouse&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbirdnames.org%2Fbow%2Fturacos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HBW3-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HBW3_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW3_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">del Hoyo, J. Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. (editors). (1996) <i>Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 3: Hoatzin to Auks</i>. Lynx Edicions. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-87334-20-2" title="Special:BookSources/84-87334-20-2">84-87334-20-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner1903" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/William_Turner_(naturalist)" title="William Turner (naturalist)">Turner, William</a> (1903) [1544]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turneronbirdssho00turn/page/n19/mode/2up"><i>Turner on birds: a short and succinct history of the principal birds noticed by Pliny and Aristotle first published by Doctor William Turner, 1544</i></a> (in Latin and English). Translated by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Humble_Evans" title="Arthur Humble Evans">Evans, A.H.</a> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. xvi, 130–131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turner+on+birds%3A+a+short+and+succinct+history+of+the+principal+birds+noticed+by+Pliny+and+Aristotle+first+published+by+Doctor+William+Turner%2C+1544&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=xvi%2C+130-131&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturneronbirdssho00turn%2Fpage%2Fn19%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner1544" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/William_Turner_(naturalist)" title="William Turner (naturalist)">Turner, William</a> (1544). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s106AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP136"><i>Avium praecipuarum, quarum apud Plinium et Aristotelem mentio est, brevis et succincta historia</i></a> (in Latin). Cambridge: Ioan. Gymnicus. pp. 72–73.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Avium+praecipuarum%2C+quarum+apud+Plinium+et+Aristotelem+mentio+est%2C+brevis+et+succincta+historia&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=72-73&rft.pub=Ioan.+Gymnicus&rft.date=1544&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds106AAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPP136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pliny-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pliny_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pliny_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/L353PlinyNaturalHistoryIII811/page/n343/mode/2up"><i>Pliny Natural History III Libri VIII-XI</i></a>. The Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Rachham, H. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 1967. pp. 328–329.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pliny+Natural+History+III+Libri+VIII-XI&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.series=The+Loeb+Classical+Library&rft.pages=328-329&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1967&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FL353PlinyNaturalHistoryIII811%2Fpage%2Fn343%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelon1555" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Belon" title="Pierre Belon">Belon, Pierre</a> (1555). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43989802"><i>L'histoire de la natvre des oyseavx : avec levrs descriptions, & naïfs portraicts retirez du natvrel, escrite en sept livres</i></a> (in French). Paris: Gilles Corrozet. pp. 235–237.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27histoire+de+la+natvre+des+oyseavx+%3A+avec+levrs+descriptions%2C+%26+na%C3%AFfs+portraicts+retirez+du+natvrel%2C+escrite+en+sept+livres&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=235-237&rft.pub=Gilles+Corrozet&rft.date=1555&rft.aulast=Belon&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F43989802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAldrovandi1637" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ulisse_Aldrovandi" title="Ulisse Aldrovandi">Aldrovandi, Ulisse</a> (1637) [1600]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53874775"><i>Vlyssis Aldrovandi philosophi ac medici Bononiensis historiam naturalem in gymnasio Bononiensi profitentis, Ornithologiae</i></a> (in Latin). Vol. 2. Bononiae (Bologna, Italy): Apud Nicolaum Tebaldinum. p. 85.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vlyssis+Aldrovandi+philosophi+ac+medici+Bononiensis+historiam+naturalem+in+gymnasio+Bononiensi+profitentis%2C+Ornithologiae&rft.place=Bononiae+%28Bologna%2C+Italy%29&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Apud+Nicolaum+Tebaldinum&rft.date=1637&rft.aulast=Aldrovandi&rft.aufirst=Ulisse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F53874775&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewisShort1879" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=tardus">"tardus"</a>. <i>A Latin Dictionary</i>. Perseus Digital Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=tardus&rft.btitle=A+Latin+Dictionary&rft.pub=Perseus+Digital+Library&rft.date=1879&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Charlton+T.&rft.au=Short%2C+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dtardus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eol-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eol_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eol.org/pages/915364/overview">"Great Bustard (Otis tarda) – Information on Great Bustard"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Life</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Great+Bustard+%28Otis+tarda%29+%E2%80%93+Information+on+Great+Bustard&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Life&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feol.org%2Fpages%2F915364%2Foverview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRafinesque1815" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Samuel_Rafinesque" title="Constantine Samuel Rafinesque">Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel</a> (1815). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48310148"><i>Analyse de la nature ou, Tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés</i></a> (in French). Vol. 1815. Palermo: Self-published. p. 70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Analyse+de+la+nature+ou%2C+Tableau+de+l%27univers+et+des+corps+organis%C3%A9s&rft.place=Palermo&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Self-published&rft.date=1815&rft.aulast=Rafinesque&rft.aufirst=Constantine+Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F48310148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBock1994" class="citation book cs1">Bock, Walter J. (1994). <i>History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names</i>. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. 137, 252. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2246%2F830">2246/830</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+and+Nomenclature+of+Avian+Family-Group+Names&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Bulletin+of+the+American+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.pages=137%2C+252&rft.pub=American+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2246%2F830&rft.aulast=Bock&rft.aufirst=Walter+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paleofile.com/">"Taxonomic lists- Aves"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taxonomic+lists-+Aves&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paleofile.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinnaeus1758" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus, Carl</a> (1758). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727061"><i>Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis</i></a> (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 154.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Systema+Naturae+per+regna+tria+naturae%2C+secundum+classes%2C+ordines%2C+genera%2C+species%2C+cum+characteribus%2C+differentiis%2C+synonymis%2C+locis&rft.place=Holmiae+%28Stockholm%29&rft.pages=154&rft.edition=10th&rft.pub=Laurentii+Salvii&rft.date=1758&rft.aulast=Linnaeus&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F727061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJobling2010" class="citation book cs1">Jobling, James A. (2010). <i>Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names</i>. London, UK: <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Helm" title="Christopher Helm">Christopher Helm</a>. p. 286. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-3326-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-3326-2"><bdi>978-1-4081-3326-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/659731768">659731768</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Helm+Dictionary+of+Scientific+Bird+Names&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=286&rft.pub=Christopher+Helm&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F659731768&rft.isbn=978-1-4081-3326-2&rft.aulast=Jobling&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiddellScott1940" class="citation web cs1">Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=w)ti/s">"ὠτίς"</a>. <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>. Perseus Digital Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Greek-English+Lexicon&rft.atitle=%E1%BD%A0%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%82&rft.date=1940&rft.aulast=Liddell&rft.aufirst=Henry+George&rft.au=Scott%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dw%29ti%2Fs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boyd-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boyd_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyd2007" class="citation web cs1">Boyd, John (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jboyd.net/Taxo/Otididae.pdf">"Otididae"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. John Boyd's website<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Otididae&rft.pub=John+Boyd%27s+website&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjboyd.net%2FTaxo%2FOtididae.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/turacos/">"Turacos, bustards, cuckoos, mesites, sandgrouse"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IOC_World_Bird_List" class="mw-redirect" title="IOC World Bird List">IOC World Bird List</a></i>. v13.2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IOC+World+Bird+List&rft.atitle=Turacos%2C+bustards%2C+cuckoos%2C+mesites%2C+sandgrouse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbirdnames.org%2Fnew%2Fbow%2Fturacos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MacQueen's bustard has recently been split from the houbara bustard as a full species.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EoB-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EoB_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArchibald,_George_W.1991" class="citation book cs1">Archibald, George W. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds</i>. London: Merehurst Press. pp. 98–99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85391-186-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85391-186-6"><bdi>978-1-85391-186-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Animals%3A+Birds&rft.place=London&rft.pages=98-99&rft.pub=Merehurst+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1-85391-186-6&rft.au=Archibald%2C+George+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPitraLieckfeldtFrahnertFickel2002" class="citation journal cs1">Pitra, C.; Lieckfeldt, D.; Frahnert, S.; Fickel, J. (2002). "Phylogenetic relationships and ancestral areas of the bustards (Gruiformes: Otididae), inferred from mitochondrial DNA and nuclear intron sequences". <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i>. <b>23</b> (1): 63–74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fmpev.2001.1078">10.1006/mpev.2001.1078</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12182403">12182403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+relationships+and+ancestral+areas+of+the+bustards+%28Gruiformes%3A+Otididae%29%2C+inferred+from+mitochondrial+DNA+and+nuclear+intron+sequences&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=63-74&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fmpev.2001.1078&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12182403&rft.aulast=Pitra&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Lieckfeldt%2C+D.&rft.au=Frahnert%2C+S.&rft.au=Fickel%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bota-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bota_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bota_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bota, G., J. Camprodon, S. Mañosa & M.B. Morales (Editores). (2005). Ecology and Conservation of steppe-land birds. Lynx Editions. Barcelona <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-87334-99-7" title="Special:BookSources/84-87334-99-7">84-87334-99-7</a>; 978-84-87334-99-3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge, Vol.III</i>, London, (1847) Charles Knight, p.963</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-birdguides-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-birdguides_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bird Guides 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.birdguides.com/news/the-first-great-bustard-chicks-in-the-uk/"><i>The first Great Bustard chicks in the UK</i></a> Bird Guides, June 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Biodiversity Lab 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bath.ac.uk/bio-sci/biodiversity-lab/?p=230"><i>Reintroduced Great Bustards Breed Again</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170125020031/http://www.bath.ac.uk/bio-sci/biodiversity-lab/?p=230">Archived</a> 2017-01-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Biodiversity Lab, University of Bath.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bustard&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bota, Gerard, et al. <i>Ecology and Conservation of Steppe-Land Birds</i>. International Symposium on Ecology and Conservation of Steppe-land birds. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181119164006/https://www.lynxeds.com/product/ecology-and-conservation-steppe-land-birds">Lynx Edicions 2005</a>. 343 pages. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-87334-99-7" title="Special:BookSources/84-87334-99-7">84-87334-99-7</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bustard"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bustard">"Bustard" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bustard&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnoxMartin_CollinsonAndreas_J._HelbigDavid_T._Parkin2002" class="citation journal cs1">Knox, Alan G.; Martin Collinson; Andreas J. Helbig; David T. Parkin; George Sangster (October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1474-919X.2002.00110.x">"Taxonomic recommendations for British birds"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ibis_(journal)" title="Ibis (journal)">Ibis</a></i>. <b>144</b> (4): 707–710. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1474-919X.2002.00110.x">10.1046/j.1474-919X.2002.00110.x</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ibis&rft.atitle=Taxonomic+recommendations+for+British+birds&rft.volume=144&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=707-710&rft.date=2002-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1474-919X.2002.00110.x&rft.aulast=Knox&rft.aufirst=Alan+G.&rft.au=Martin+Collinson&rft.au=Andreas+J.+Helbig&rft.au=David+T.+Parkin&rft.au=George+Sangster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1046%252Fj.1474-919X.2002.00110.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSibleyJon_E._Ahlquist1990" class="citation book cs1">Sibley, Charles G.; Jon E. Ahlquist (1990). <i>Phylogeny and Classification of the Birds: A Study in Molecular Evolution</i>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-04085-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-04085-2"><bdi>978-0-300-04085-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phylogeny+and+Classification+of+the+Birds%3A+A+Study+in+Molecular+Evolution&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-300-04085-2&rft.aulast=Sibley&rft.aufirst=Charles+G.&rft.au=Jon+E.+Ahlquist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackett2008" class="citation journal cs1">Hackett, SJ; et al. (2008). "A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history". <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>320</b> (5884): 1763–1768. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Sci...320.1763H">2008Sci...320.1763H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1157704">10.1126/science.1157704</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18583609">18583609</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6472805">6472805</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=A+phylogenomic+study+of+birds+reveals+their+evolutionary+history&rft.volume=320&rft.issue=5884&rft.pages=1763-1768&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1157704&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6472805%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18583609&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008Sci...320.1763H&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=SJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarvis2014" class="citation journal cs1">Jarvis, Erich D; et al. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405904">"Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>346</b> (6215): 1320–1331. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Sci...346.1320J">2014Sci...346.1320J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1253451">10.1126/science.1253451</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405904">4405904</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25504713">25504713</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Whole-genome+analyses+resolve+early+branches+in+the+tree+of+life+of+modern+birds&rft.volume=346&rft.issue=6215&rft.pages=1320-1331&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4405904%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25504713&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1253451&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014Sci...346.1320J&rft.aulast=Jarvis&rft.aufirst=Erich+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4405904&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABustard" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bustard&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/bustard" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/bustard">bustard</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Otididae" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Otididae">Otididae</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Otididae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Otididae">Otididae</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/bustards-otididae">Bustard videos</a> on the Internet Bird Collection</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bustards_(order:_Otidiformes_·_family:_Otididae)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Otididae" title="Template:Otididae"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Otididae" title="Template talk:Otididae"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Otididae" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Otididae"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bustards_(order:_Otidiformes_·_family:_Otididae)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bustards</a> (<a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">order</a>: Otidiformes · <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a>: Otididae)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">Genus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#eef;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Afrotis" title="Afrotis">Afrotis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_black_korhaan" title="Northern black korhaan">Northern black korhaan (<i>E. afra</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_black_korhaan" title="Southern black korhaan">Southern black korhaan (<i>E. afraoides</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ardeotis" title="Ardeotis">Ardeotis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_bustard" title="Arabian bustard">Arabian bustard (<i>A. arabs</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kori_bustard" title="Kori bustard">Kori bustard (<i>A. kori</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Indian_bustard" title="Great Indian bustard">Great Indian bustard (<i>A. nigriceps</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_bustard" title="Australian bustard">Australian bustard (<i>A. australis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Chlamydotis" title="Chlamydotis">Chlamydotis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houbara_bustard" class="mw-redirect" title="Houbara bustard">Houbara bustard (<i>C. undulata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacQueen%27s_bustard" class="mw-redirect" title="MacQueen's bustard">MacQueen's bustard (<i>C. macqueeni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Eupodotis" title="Eupodotis">Eupodotis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-bellied_bustard" title="White-bellied bustard">White-bellied bustard (<i>E. senegalensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_korhaan" title="Blue korhaan">Blue korhaan (<i>E. caerulescens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoo_korhaan" title="Karoo korhaan">Karoo korhaan (<i>E. vigorsii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCppell%27s_korhaan" title="Rüppell's korhaan">Rüppell's korhaan (<i>E. rueppellii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_brown_bustard" title="Little brown bustard">Little brown bustard (<i>E. humilis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Houbaropsis</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_florican" title="Bengal florican">Bengal florican (<i>H. bengalensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lissotis" title="Lissotis">Lissotis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-bellied_bustard" title="Black-bellied bustard">Black-bellied bustard (<i>L. melanogaster</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartlaub%27s_bustard" title="Hartlaub's bustard">Hartlaub's bustard (<i>L. hartlaubii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lophotis" title="Lophotis">Lophotis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Savile%27s_bustard" title="Savile's bustard">Savile's bustard (<i>L. savilei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buff-crested_bustard" title="Buff-crested bustard">Buff-crested bustard (<i>L. gindiana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-crested_korhaan" title="Red-crested korhaan">Red-crested korhaan (<i>L. ruficrista</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neotis" title="Neotis">Neotis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig%27s_bustard" title="Ludwig's bustard">Ludwig's bustard (<i>N. ludwigii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denham%27s_bustard" title="Denham's bustard">Denham's bustard (<i>N. denhami</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heuglin%27s_bustard" title="Heuglin's bustard">Heuglin's bustard (<i>N. heuglinii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubian_bustard" title="Nubian bustard">Nubian bustard (<i>N. nuba</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Otis</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_bustard" title="Great bustard">Great bustard (<i>O. tarda</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Sypheotides</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_florican" title="Lesser florican">Lesser florican (<i>S. indicus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Tetrax</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_bustard" title="Little bustard">Little bustard (<i>T. tetrax</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>26 living species in eleven genera</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Birds_(class:_Aves)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Birds" title="Template:Birds"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Birds" title="Template talk:Birds"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Birds" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Birds"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Birds_(class:_Aves)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Birds</a> (<a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">class</a>: Aves)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_birds" title="Outline of birds">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bird_anatomy" title="Bird anatomy">Anatomy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beak" title="Beak">Beak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avian_brain" title="Avian brain">Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop_(anatomy)#Birds" title="Crop (anatomy)">Crop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crop_milk" title="Crop milk">milk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dactyly#bird_digits" title="Dactyly">Dactyly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_egg" title="Bird egg">Eggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feather" title="Feather">Feathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_flight" title="Bird flight">Flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uropygial_gland" title="Uropygial gland">Preen gland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumage" title="Plumage">Plumage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_vision" title="Bird vision">Vision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bird_behaviour" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird behaviour">Behaviour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bird_vocalization" title="Bird vocalization">Singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_intelligence" title="Bird intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avian_foraging" title="Avian foraging">Foraging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection_in_birds" title="Sexual selection in birds">Sexual selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lek_mating" title="Lek mating">Lek mating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seabird_breeding_behavior" title="Seabird breeding behavior">Seabird breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_incubation#Avian_incubation" title="Egg incubation">Incubation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brood_parasite" class="mw-redirect" title="Brood parasite">Brood parasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_nest" title="Bird nest">Nesting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_hybrid" title="Bird hybrid">Hybrids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_colony" title="Bird colony">Colony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">Evolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_birds" title="Origin of birds">Origin of birds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theropoda" title="Theropoda">Theropoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">dinosaurs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_avian_flight" title="Origin of avian flight">Origin of flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_birds" title="Evolution of birds">Evolution of birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin%27s_finches" title="Darwin's finches">Darwin's finches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seabird" title="Seabird">Seabirds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_fossil_bird_genera" title="List of fossil bird genera">Fossil birds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Archaeopteryx" title="Archaeopteryx">Archaeopteryx</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnivoropterygidae" title="Omnivoropterygidae">Omnivoropterygiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeholornithidae" title="Jeholornithidae">Jeholornithidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confuciusornithiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Confuciusornithiformes">Confuciusornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enantiornithes" title="Enantiornithes">Enantiornithes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyangiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaoyangiformes">Chaoyangiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patagopterygiformes" title="Patagopterygiformes">Patagopterygiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambiortiformes" title="Ambiortiformes">Ambiortiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songlingornithiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Songlingornithiformes">Songlingornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongshanornithidae" title="Hongshanornithidae">Hongshanornithidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gansus" title="Gansus">Gansuiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichthyornithes" title="Ichthyornithes">Ichthyornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperornithes" title="Hesperornithes">Hesperornithes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithornithidae" title="Lithornithidae">Lithornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moa" title="Moa">Dinornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_bird" title="Elephant bird">Aepyornithiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastornithiformes" title="Gastornithiformes">Gastornithiformes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_uses_of_birds" title="Human uses of birds">Human <br />interaction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bird_ringing" title="Bird ringing">Ringing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithology" title="Ornithology">Ornithology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithomancy" title="Ornithomancy">Ornithomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_collections" title="Bird collections">Bird collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birdwatching" title="Birdwatching">Birdwatching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_year" title="Big year">big year</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_feeding" title="Bird feeding">Bird feeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_conservation" title="Bird conservation">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviculture" title="Aviculture">Aviculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfowl_hunting" title="Waterfowl hunting">Waterfowl hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockfight" class="mw-redirect" title="Cockfight">Cockfighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_racing" title="Pigeon racing">Pigeon racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconry" title="Falconry">Falconry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheasantry" title="Pheasantry">Pheasantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imping" title="Imping">Imping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oology" title="Oology">Egg collecting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds" title="List of birds">Families and orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bird_genera" title="List of bird genera">Genera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_bird_terms" title="Glossary of bird terms">Glossary of bird terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_by_population" title="List of birds by population">List by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_birds_by_region" title="Lists of birds by region">Lists by region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_bird_species_since_1500" title="List of extinct bird species since 1500">Extinct species since 1500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Late_Quaternary_prehistoric_bird_species" title="List of Late Quaternary prehistoric bird species">Late Quaternary prehistoric birds</a></li> <li>Notable birds <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_birds" title="List of individual birds">individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_birds" title="List of fictional birds">fictional</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Neornithes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Neornithes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Palaeognathae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palaeognathae" title="Palaeognathae">Palaeognathae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Struthionidae" title="Struthionidae">Struthioniformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(ostriches)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheidae" title="Rheidae">Rheiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(rheas)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinamou" title="Tinamou">Tinamiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(tinamous)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiwi_(bird)" title="Kiwi (bird)">Apterygiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(kiwis)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuariiformes" title="Casuariiformes">Casuariiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(emus and cassowaries)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neognathae" title="Neognathae">N<br />e<br />o<br />g<br />n<br />a<br />t<br />h<br />a<br />e</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Galloanserae_(fowls)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galloanserae" class="mw-redirect" title="Galloanserae">G<br />a<br />l<br />l<br />o<br />a<br />n<br />s<br />e<br />r<br />a<br />e</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Fowl" title="Fowl">fowls</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anseriformes" title="Anseriformes">Anseriformes</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(waterfowls)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anatidae" title="Anatidae">Anatidae</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Duck" title="Duck">ducks</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatinae" title="Anatinae">Anatinae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diving_duck" title="Diving duck">Aythyini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mergini" title="Mergini">Mergini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyurini" title="Oxyurini">Oxyurini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anserinae" title="Anserinae">Anserinae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swan" title="Swan"><span style="font-size:85%;">swans</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose" title="Goose"><span style="font-size:85%;">true geese</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whistling_duck" title="Whistling duck">Dendrocygninae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freckled_duck" title="Freckled duck">Stictonettinae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadorninae" title="Tadorninae">Tadorninae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhimidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Anhimidae">Anhimidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Horned_screamer" title="Horned screamer">Anhima</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chauna" title="Chauna">Chauna</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anseranatidae" title="Anseranatidae">Anseranatidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Magpie_goose" title="Magpie goose">Anseranas</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galliformes" title="Galliformes">Galliformes</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Landfowl" class="mw-redirect" title="Landfowl">landfowls</a>-</span> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Gamebirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamebirds">gamebirds</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cracidae" title="Cracidae">Cracidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cracinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cracinae">Cracinae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oreophasinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Oreophasinae">Oreophasinae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penelopinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Penelopinae">Penelopinae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Megapodidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Megapodidae">Megapodidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aepypodius" title="Aepypodius">Aepypodius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alectura" class="mw-redirect" title="Alectura">Alectura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eulipoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Eulipoa">Eulipoa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leipoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Leipoa">Leipoa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macrocephalon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrocephalon">Macrocephalon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megapodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Megapodius">Megapodius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Talegalla" title="Talegalla">Talegalla</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Numididae" class="mw-redirect" title="Numididae">Numididae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vulturine_guineafowl" title="Vulturine guineafowl">Acryllium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agelastes" title="Agelastes">Agelastes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guttera" title="Guttera">Guttera</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Numida" class="mw-redirect" title="Numida">Numida</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Odontophoridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Odontophoridae">Odontophoridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Callipepla" title="Callipepla">Callipepla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colinus" title="Colinus">Colinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyrtonyx" title="Cyrtonyx">Cyrtonyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dactylortyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Dactylortyx">Dactylortyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dendrortyx" title="Dendrortyx">Dendrortyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odontophorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Odontophorus">Odontophorus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oreortyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Oreortyx">Oreortyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philortyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Philortyx">Philortyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhynchortyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhynchortyx">Rhynchortyx</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phasianidae" title="Phasianidae">Phasianidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meleagridinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Meleagridinae">Meleagridinae <span style="font-size:85%;">(turkeys)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdicinae" title="Perdicinae">Perdicinae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phasianinae" title="Phasianinae">Phasianinae <span style="font-size:85%;">(pheasants and relatives)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grouse" title="Grouse">Tetraoninae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neoaves" title="Neoaves">Neoaves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Columbea" title="Columbea">Columbea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Columbimorphae" title="Columbimorphae">Columbimorphae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbidae" title="Columbidae">Columbiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(doves and pigeons)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesite" title="Mesite">Mesitornithiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(mesites)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandgrouse" title="Sandgrouse">Pterocliformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(sandgrouse)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mirandornithes" title="Mirandornithes">Mirandornithes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flamingo" title="Flamingo">Phoenicopteriformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(flamingos)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grebe" title="Grebe">Podicipediformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(grebes)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Passerea" title="Passerea">Passerea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otidimorphae" title="Otidimorphae">Otidimorphae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuckoo" title="Cuckoo">Cuculiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(cuckoos)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turaco" title="Turaco">Musophagiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(turacos)</span></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Otidiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(bustards)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strisores" title="Strisores">Strisores</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caprimulgiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Caprimulgiformes">Caprimulgiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(nightjars and relatives)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steatornithiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Steatornithiformes">Steatornithiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(oilbirds)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyctibiiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyctibiiformes">Nyctibiiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(potoos)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podargiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Podargiformes">Podargiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(frogmouths)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegotheliformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegotheliformes">Aegotheliformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(owlet-nightjars)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apodiformes" title="Apodiformes">Apodiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(swifts and hummingbirds)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opisthocomiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Opisthocomiformes">Opisthocomiformes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opisthocomidae" title="Opisthocomidae">Opisthocomiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(hoatzins)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cursorimorphae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cursorimorphae">Cursorimorphae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charadriiformes" title="Charadriiformes">Charadriiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(gulls and relatives)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruiformes" title="Gruiformes">Gruiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(cranes and relatives)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phaethontimorphae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaethontimorphae">Phaethontimorphae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropicbird" title="Tropicbird">Phaethontiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(tropicbirds)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurypygiformes" title="Eurypygiformes">Eurypygiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(kagus and sunbitterns)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aequornithes" title="Aequornithes">Aequornithes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loon" title="Loon">Gaviiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(loons or divers)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguin" title="Penguin">Sphenisciformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(penguins)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procellariiformes" title="Procellariiformes">Procellariiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(albatrosses and petrels)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stork" title="Stork">Ciconiiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(storks)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suliformes" title="Suliformes">Suliformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(cormorants and relatives)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelecaniformes" title="Pelecaniformes">Pelecaniformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(pelicans and relatives)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australaves" title="Australaves">Australaves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cariamiformes" title="Cariamiformes">Cariamiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(seriemas and relatives)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconiformes" title="Falconiformes">Falconiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(falcons and relatives)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parrot" title="Parrot">Psittaciformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(parrots)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">Passeriformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(perching birds)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afroaves" title="Afroaves">Afroaves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accipitriformes" title="Accipitriformes">Accipitriformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(raptors)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owl" title="Owl">Strigiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(owls)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mousebird" title="Mousebird">Coliiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(mousebirds)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trogon" title="Trogon">Trogoniformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(trogons and quetzals)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuckoo-roller" title="Cuckoo-roller">Leptosomiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(cuckoo-rollers)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucerotiformes" title="Bucerotiformes">Bucerotiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(hornbills and hoopoes)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coraciiformes" title="Coraciiformes">Coraciiformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(kingfishers and rollers)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piciformes" title="Piciformes">Piciformes <span style="font-size:85%;">(woodpeckers and relatives)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Birds" title="Category:Birds">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Birds" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Birds">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Birds" title="Portal:Birds">Portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Birds" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Birds">WikiProject</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Otididae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21755" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q21755">Q21755</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Otididae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Otididae">Otididae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Otididae/">Otididae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Otididae">Otididae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=52501">52501</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/DRT">DRT</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/7582">7582</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1OTISF">1OTISF</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:16391">16391</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/ce8d1d74-71c4-4791-bd93-63f7f846e19a">ce8d1d74-71c4-4791-bd93-63f7f846e19a</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/9610">9610</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/75">75</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=104686">104686</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=176417">176417</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000160598">NBNSYS0000160598</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=54375">54375</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=966318">966318</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39599">39599</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1459921">1459921</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" 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