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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bs.wikipedia.org&uselang=bs" class=""><span>Donacije</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Napravi_ra%C4%8Dun&returnto=Pismo+%28jezik%29" title="Predlažemo vam da napravite račun i prijavite se; međutim, to nije obavezno" class=""><span>Napravi korisnički račun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Korisni%C4%8Dka_prijava&returnto=Pismo+%28jezik%29" title="Predlažemo vam da se prijavite, iako to nije obavezno [o]" accesskey="o" 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decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"43\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/60px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/80px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"555\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EOd 1. do 30. novembra 2024. učestvujte u projektu \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Azijski_mjesec/2024.\" title=\"Wikipedia:Azijski mjesec/2024.\"\u003E\"Azijski mjesec\"\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div 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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Osnovne_odlike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osnovne_odlike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Osnovne odlike</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osnovne_odlike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Historija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Slikovno_pismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slikovno_pismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Slikovno pismo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slikovno_pismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pojmovno_pismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pojmovno_pismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Pojmovno pismo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pojmovno_pismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Klinasto_pismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klinasto_pismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Klinasto pismo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klinasto_pismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egipatski_hijeroglifi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egipatski_hijeroglifi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Egipatski hijeroglifi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egipatski_hijeroglifi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kinesko_pismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kinesko_pismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Kinesko pismo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kinesko_pismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slogovno_ili_silabičko_pismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slogovno_ili_silabičko_pismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Slogovno ili silabičko pismo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slogovno_ili_silabičko_pismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kritsko_linearno_pismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritsko_linearno_pismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Kritsko linearno pismo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kritsko_linearno_pismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hebrejsko_kvadratično_pismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hebrejsko_kvadratično_pismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Hebrejsko kvadratično pismo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hebrejsko_kvadratično_pismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Devangari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Devangari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Devangari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Devangari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arapsko_pismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arapsko_pismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>Arapsko pismo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arapsko_pismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alfabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alfabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Alfabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alfabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fenički_alfabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fenički_alfabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Fenički alfabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fenički_alfabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grčki_alfabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grčki_alfabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Grčki alfabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grčki_alfabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latinica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latinica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>Latinica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latinica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karolinška_miniskula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karolinška_miniskula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.4</span> <span>Karolinška miniskula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karolinška_miniskula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gotička_miniskula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gotička_miniskula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.5</span> <span>Gotička miniskula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gotička_miniskula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Humanistička_miniskula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Humanistička_miniskula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.6</span> <span>Humanistička miniskula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Humanistička_miniskula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glagoljica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glagoljica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.7</span> <span>Glagoljica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glagoljica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ćirilica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ćirilica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.8</span> <span>Ćirilica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ćirilica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tipografsko_pismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipografsko_pismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Tipografsko pismo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tipografsko_pismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Renesansna_antikva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renesansna_antikva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Renesansna antikva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renesansna_antikva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prelazna_antikva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prelazna_antikva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>Prelazna antikva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prelazna_antikva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klasicistička_antikva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klasicistička_antikva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.3</span> <span>Klasicistička antikva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klasicistička_antikva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Također_pogledajte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Također_pogledajte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Također pogledajte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Također_pogledajte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjski_linkovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vanjski linkovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pismo (jezik)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 136 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-136" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">136 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skryfstelsel" title="Skryfstelsel – afrikans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Skryfstelsel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrift" title="Schrift – njemački (Švicarska)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Schrift" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="njemački (Švicarska)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8B%93%E1%88%88%E1%88%9D_%E1%8C%BD%E1%88%95%E1%8D%88%E1%89%B6%E1%89%BD" title="የዓለም ጽሕፈቶች – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የዓለም ጽሕፈቶች" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_d%27escritura" title="Sistema d'escritura – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sistema d'escritura" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="نظام كتابة – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام كتابة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85_%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87" title="سيستم كتابه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيستم كتابه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="লিখন পদ্ধতি – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লিখন পদ্ধতি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_d%27escritura" title="Sistema d'escritura – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sistema d'escritura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Хъвавул система – avarski" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Хъвавул система" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qillqa" title="Qillqa – ajmara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Qillqa" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ajmara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaz%C4%B1_sistemi" title="Yazı sistemi – azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yazı sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C" title="یازی سیستمی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یازی سیستمی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%99%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D3%98%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%B0)" title="Яҙма (Әлифба) – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Яҙма (Әлифба)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrift" title="Schrift – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Schrift" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ta_s%C4%97stema" title="Rašta sėstema – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rašta sėstema" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_nin_panurat" title="Sistema nin panurat – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sistema nin panurat" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Пісьменства – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пісьменства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Пісьменства – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пісьменства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Писменост – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Писменост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="लिखाई – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लिखाई" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistim_Tulisan" title="Sistim Tulisan – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Sistim Tulisan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="লিখন পদ্ধতি – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিখন পদ্ধতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doare-skriva%C3%B1" title="Doare-skrivañ – bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Doare-skrivañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara" title="Aksara – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Aksara" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_d%27escriptura" title="Sistema d'escriptura – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sistema d'escriptura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Йоза – čečenski" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Йоза" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_sa_pagsulat" title="Sistema sa pagsulat – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sistema sa pagsulat" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سیستمی نووسین – centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیستمی نووسین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADsmo" title="Písmo – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Písmo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Çырулăх – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çырулăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_ysgrifennu" title="System ysgrifennu – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="System ysgrifennu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrift" title="Skrift – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skrift" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrift" title="Schrift – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem%C3%AA_nu%C5%9Ft%C4%B1%C5%9Fi" title="Sistemê nuştışi – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sistemê nuştışi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Σύστημα γραφής – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σύστημα γραφής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Writing system" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skribsistemo" title="Skribsistemo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Skribsistemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_escritura" title="Sistema de escritura – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema de escritura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiri_(keeleteadus)" title="Kiri (keeleteadus) – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kiri (keeleteadus)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idazkera_sistema" title="Idazkera sistema – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Idazkera sistema" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_(%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1)" title="خط (نوشتار) – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خط (نوشتار)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirjoitusj%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Kirjoitusjärjestelmä – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirjoitusjärjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27%C3%A9criture" title="Système d'écriture – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système d'écriture" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skraft" title="Skraft – sjeverni frizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Skraft" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="sjeverni frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrift" title="Skrift – zapadni frizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Skrift" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zapadni frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_escrita" title="Sistema de escrita – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sistema de escrita" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corys_screeuee" title="Corys screeuee – manks" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Corys screeuee" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91" title="כתב – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כתב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="लिपि – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लिपि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likhaai" title="Likhaai – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Likhaai" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo" title="Pismo – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pismo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8m_ekriti" title="Sistèm ekriti – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sistèm ekriti" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Գիր – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara" title="Aksara – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aksara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usoro_ide_ihe" title="Usoro ide ihe – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Usoro ide ihe" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_ti_panagsurat" title="Sistema ti panagsurat – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sistema ti panagsurat" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B2" title="Йоазув – ingušetski" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Йоазув" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingušetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrifletur" title="Skrifletur – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skrifletur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_di_scrittura" title="Sistema di scrittura – italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sistema di scrittura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara" title="Aksara – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Aksara" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AC%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="დამწერლობა – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დამწერლობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83" title="Жазу – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жазу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF" title="ಲಿಪಿ – kanada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲಿಪಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="문자 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Джазма – karačaj-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Джазма" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karačaj-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergala_niv%C3%AEs%C3%AA" title="Pergala nivîsê – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pergala nivîsê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevreyth_skrifa" title="Kevreyth skrifa – kornski" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kevreyth skrifa" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_scripturae" title="Systema scripturae – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Systema scripturae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%ABft" title="Schrëft – luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Schrëft" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemes_de_scrive" title="Sistemes de scrive – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sistemes de scrive" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjrifsysteem" title="Sjrifsysteem – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjrifsysteem" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scritura" title="Scritura – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Scritura" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_scritura" title="Sistema de scritura – lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sistema de scritura" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1to_sistema" title="Rašto sistema – litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rašto sistema" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roksts_(raksteiba)" title="Roksts (raksteiba) – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Roksts (raksteiba)" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakst%C4%ABba" title="Rakstība – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rakstība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="लिपि – maitili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="लिपि" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maitili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Писмо – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Писмо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF" title="ലിപി – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിപി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%97_%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯏꯕꯗ ꯆꯪꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯕꯗ ꯆꯪꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="लिपी – marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लिपी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_tulisan" title="Sistem tulisan – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sistem tulisan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7" title="خط – mazanderanski" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خط" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrift" title="Schrift – donjonjemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Schrift" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="donjonjemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="लिपि – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="लिपि – nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrift" title="Schrift – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schrift" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skriftsystem" title="Skriftsystem – norveški (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Skriftsystem" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skriftsystem" title="Skriftsystem – norveški (Bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skriftsystem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški (Bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manni%C3%A9the_d%27%C3%AAcrithe" title="Manniéthe d'êcrithe – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Manniéthe d'êcrithe" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saad_bee_%C3%A1l%CA%BC%C3%ADn%C3%AD" title="Saad bee álʼíní – navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Saad bee álʼíní" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8ma_d%27escritura" title="Sistèma d'escritura – oksitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sistèma d'escritura" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirjutussistiemu" title="Kirjutussistiemu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kirjutussistiemu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80" title="ਲਿਪੀ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਿਪੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8me_d%27%C3%A9criture" title="Sistème d'écriture – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Sistème d'écriture" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_pisma" title="System pisma – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="System pisma" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="لپی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لپی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%A9" title="ليک – paštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ليک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_escrita" title="Sistema de escrita – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema de escrita" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qillqa" title="Qillqa – kečua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qillqa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_de_scriere" title="Sistem de scriere – rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sistem de scriere" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Письменность – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Письменность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83" title="लिपयः – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लिपयः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writin_seestem" title="Writin seestem – škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Writin seestem" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88" title="لکت سرشتو – sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لکت سرشتو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo_(znakovi)" title="Pismo (znakovi) – srpskohrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pismo (znakovi)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpskohrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B8" title="අක්ෂර ක්‍රම – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අක්ෂර ක්‍රම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Writing system" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADsmo_(jazykoveda)" title="Písmo (jazykoveda) – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Písmo (jazykoveda)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisava" title="Pisava – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pisava" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_i_shkrimit" title="Sistemi i shkrimit – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sistemi i shkrimit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Писмо – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Писмо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara" title="Aksara – sundanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Aksara" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skriftsystem" title="Skriftsystem – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Skriftsystem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maandishi" title="Maandishi – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Maandishi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="எழுத்து முறை – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எழுத்து முறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF" title="ಲಿಪಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಲಿಪಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Хат (навиштор) – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хат (навиштор)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="ระบบการเขียน – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบการเขียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_ng_pagsulat" title="Sistema ng pagsulat – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sistema ng pagsulat" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaz%C4%B1_sistemi" title="Yazı sistemi – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yazı sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Язу системасы – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Язу системасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Писемність – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Писемність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="نظام تحریر – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نظام تحریر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yozuv" title="Yozuv – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yozuv" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_ch%E1%BB%AF_vi%E1%BA%BFt" title="Hệ chữ viết – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ chữ viết" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_hin_panurat" title="Sistema hin panurat – varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sistema hin panurat" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字 – Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="文字" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90" title="ჭარალუა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჭარალუა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%98" title="שריפט – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שריפט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cihsaw" title="Cihsaw – zuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cihsaw" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="文字" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="文字" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BBn-j%C4%AB_h%C4%93-th%C3%B3ng" title="Bûn-jī hē-thóng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bûn-jī hē-thóng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="文字" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8192#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezičke linkove" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pismo_(jezik)" title="Prikaži stranicu sa sadržajem [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Pismo_(jezik)" rel="discussion" title="Razgovor o sadržaju [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni varijantu jezika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">bosanski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pregledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pismo_(jezik)"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi izvor</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=history" title="Prethodne izmjene ove stranice [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alati" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alati</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Alati</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pismo_(jezik)"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi izvor</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=history"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Općenito </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0ta_vodi_ovamo/Pismo_(jezik)" title="Spisak svih članaka koji su povezani s ovim [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Šta vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Srodne_izmjene/Pismo_(jezik)" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne izmjene na stranicama koje su povezane sa ovom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Srodne izmjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload" title="Postavi slike i druge medije [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Spisak svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&oldid=3665244" title="Trajni link ove verzije stranice"><span>Trajni link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Informacije o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Pismo_%28jezik%29&id=3665244&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPismo_%28jezik%29"><span>Skraćeni link</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPismo_%28jezik%29"><span>Preuzmi QR kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Štampanje / izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Kolekcija&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Pismo+%28jezik%29"><span>Napravi knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pismo_%28jezik%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&printable=yes" title="Verzija ove stranice za štampanje [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Za štampanje</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na drugim projektima </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Writing_systems" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikiquote.org/wiki/Pismo" hreflang="bs"><span>Wikicitat</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8192" title="Link na povezane podatke spremišnih stavki [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodacima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">S Wikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bs" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Za druga značenja, pogledajte <a href="/wiki/Pismo_(%C4%8Dvor)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pismo (čvor)">Pismo (čvor)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3595132">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 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0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.4em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-navbar{padding-top:0.6em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">Prevladavajuća nacionalna i odabrana regionalna ili manjinska pisma</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Writing_systems_worldwide.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Writing_systems_worldwide.png/220px-Writing_systems_worldwide.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Writing_systems_worldwide.png/330px-Writing_systems_worldwide.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Writing_systems_worldwide.png/440px-Writing_systems_worldwide.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="629" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabet">Alfabetska</a> pisma</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3262797">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#aaa; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Latinica" title="Latinica">Latinica</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262797"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#008080; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%C4%86irilica" title="Ćirilica">Ćirilica</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262797"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dko_pismo" title="Grčko pismo">Grčko pismo</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262797"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#1E90FF; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armensko_pismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armensko pismo (stranica ne postoji)">Armensko pismo</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262797"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#00FFFF; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gruzijsko_pismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gruzijsko pismo (stranica ne postoji)">Gruzijsko pismo</a></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Logogram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logogram (stranica ne postoji)">Logografska</a><br />i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slogovno_pismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slogovno pismo (stranica ne postoji)">slogovna</a> pisma</div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262797"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Kinesko_pismo" title="Kinesko pismo">Hanzi</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">[L]</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262797"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#FF0000; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">[S]</span> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanji (stranica ne postoji)">Kanji</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">[L]</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262797"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#FF00FF; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanja (stranica ne postoji)">Hanja</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262797"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:purple; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Ebd%C5%BEed" title="Ebdžed">Ebdžed</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262797"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Arapsko_pismo" title="Arapsko pismo">Arapsko pismo</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262797"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#00FF80; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hebrejsko_pismo" title="Hebrejsko pismo">Hebrejsko pismo</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262797"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#7CFC00; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abugida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abugida (stranica ne postoji)">Abugida</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262797"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#FFC000; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmi_pismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmi pismo (stranica ne postoji)">Sjevernoindijsko pismo</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262797"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#FF8000; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmi_pismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmi pismo (stranica ne postoji)">Južnoindijsko pismo</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262797"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#804000; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ge%27ez_pismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ge'ez pismo (stranica ne postoji)">Etijopijsko pismo</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262797"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#808000; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thaana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thaana (stranica ne postoji)">Thaana</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262797"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#FFFF80; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanadski_aborid%C5%BEinski_slogovi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanadski aboridžinski slogovi (stranica ne postoji)">Kanadski slogovi</a></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312386">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-pogledaj"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablon:Pisma_svijeta" title="Šablon:Pisma svijeta"><abbr title="Pogledaj šablon">p</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-razgovor"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor_o_%C5%A1ablonu:Pisma_svijeta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Razgovor o šablonu:Pisma svijeta (stranica ne postoji)"><abbr title="Razgovor o šablonu">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-uredi"><a class="external text" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Pisma_svijeta&action=edit"><abbr title="Uredi šablon">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pismo</b> je način grafičkog predstavljanja odnosno zapisivanja <a href="/wiki/Jezik" title="Jezik">jezika</a>. Nauka koja se bavi izučavanjem njegovog nastanka, vrsta i razvoja naziva se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gramatologija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gramatologija (stranica ne postoji)">gramatologija</a>. U starija vremena su pojmovi <i>pismo</i> i <i>pismeno</i> označavali slovo. U značajnom broju <a href="/wiki/Indoevropski_jezici" title="Indoevropski jezici">indoevropskih jezika</a> se pojam <a href="/wiki/Slovo" title="Slovo">slova</a> i <a href="/wiki/Bukva" title="Bukva">bukve</a> izražava sličnim riječima, na osnovu čega se izvlači zaključak da se u indoevropskoj zajednici prvo pisalo na bukovoj kori. </p><p><i>Sistem pisanja</i> je bilo koji konvencionalni metod vizualnog predstavljalja verbalne komunikacije. Dok su i <a href="/wiki/Pisanje" title="Pisanje">pisanje</a> i govor korisni u prenosu poruka, pisanje se razlikuje po tome što je isto tako pouzdana forma čuvanja i prenošenja <a href="/wiki/Informacija" title="Informacija">informacija</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pisanje se obično zabilježi na postojanom medijumu, kao što je papir ili elektronski medijum, mada se mogu koristiti i netrajni metodi, kao što je pisanje na računarskom displayu, na tabli, u pijesku ili dimom po nebu. </p><p>Opšti atributi sistema pisanja mogu se mogu staviti u široke kategorije kao što su <a href="/wiki/Abeceda" title="Abeceda">alfabeti</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slogovno_pism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slogovno pism (stranica ne postoji)">slogovna pisma</a>, ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Logogram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logogram (stranica ne postoji)">logografi</a>. Svaki dati sistem može imati atribute više od jedne kategorije. U alfabetskoj kategoriji, postoji standardni set slova (osnovnih pisanih simbola ili grafema) za suglasnike i samoglasnike koji kodiraju po osnovi opšteg principa da slova (ili parovi / grupe slova) predstavljaju govorne zvukove. U slogovnom pismu, svaki simbol korelira sa <a href="/wiki/Slog" title="Slog">slogom</a> ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mora (stranica ne postoji)">morom</a>. U logografiji, svaki znak predstavlja riječ, morfemu, ili druge semantičke jedinice. Druge kategorije obuhvataju <a href="/wiki/Ebd%C5%BEed" title="Ebdžed">ebdžed</a>, koji se razlikuju od alfabeta po tome što samoglasnici nisu označeni i abugide ili azbučnoslogovno pismo, u kome svaki znak predstavlja suglasnik–samoglasnik par. </p><p>Većina sistema tipično ima redoslijed svojih simbola tako da grupe kodiraju veće klastere kao što su riječi ili <a href="/wiki/Akronim" title="Akronim">akronimi</a> (generalno lekseme), što dovodi do mnogo više mogućnosti (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Permutacija_(matematika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permutacija (matematika) (stranica ne postoji)">permutacija</a>) u značenjima nego što simboli mogu prenijeti sami. Sistemi isto tako omogućavaju povezivanje tih manjih grupa (ponekad se pominje generički termin 'karakterni nizovi') kako bi se omogućio potpuni izraz jezika. Čitanje se može postići čisto u umu kao interni proces, ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Citanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Čitanje (stranica ne postoji)">oralnim izražavanjem</a>. Poseban skup simbola poznat kao interpunkcija se koristi da se pomogne u strukturi i organizaciji mnogih pisanih sistema i može se koristiti za pomoć pri izražavanju nijansi i varijacija u značenju poruke koja se verbalno komunicira pomoću indikacija u ritmu, tonu, aktencu, modulaciji ili intonaciji. Sistem pisanja također obično ima metod za formatiranje snimljenih poruka koje slijede pravila govorne verzije poput njene <a href="/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika">gramatike</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sintaksa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sintaksa (stranica ne postoji)">sintakse</a>, tako da će čitalac imati značenje predviđene poruke tačno sačuvano. </p><p>Sistemima pisanja je prethodilo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-pisanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-pisanje (stranica ne postoji)">proto-pisanje</a>, koje koristi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slikovno_pismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slikovno pismo (stranica ne postoji)">piktograme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idiogram" title="Idiogram">idiograme</a> i druge mnemoničke simbole. Proto-pisanju nedostaje sposobnost za snimanje i izražavanje čitavog spektra misli i ideja. Pronalazak sistema pisanja, koji datira unazad do početka bronzanog doba u kasnoj neolitskoj eri pri kraju 4. milenijuma p. n. e, omogućio je precizno trajno zapisivanje ljudske historije u maniru koji nije bio podložan istim tipovima grešaka kojima je oralna istorija podložna. Ubrzo nakon toga, pisanje je pružalo pouzdanu formu komunikacije na daljinu. Sa razvojom izdavaštva, ono je pružilo medijum za rane forme <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masovne_komunikacije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masovne komunikacije (stranica ne postoji)">masovnih komunikacija</a>. </p><p>Kreiranje novog alfabetskog pisma za jezik sa postojećim logografskim sistemom pisanja naziva se alfabetizacija, kao kad je <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a> proučavala mogućnost alfabetizacije <a href="/wiki/Kineski_jezik" title="Kineski jezik">kineskog jezika</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Latinica" title="Latinica">latinicom</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%86irilica" title="Ćirilica">ćirilicom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arapsko_pismo" title="Arapsko pismo">arapskim pismom</a> i čak <a href="/wiki/Broj" title="Broj">brojevima</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-isbn_9780060826581_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn_9780060826581-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> iako se najčešća praksa, pretvaranja u latinicu, obično zove <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinizacija_(lingvistika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latinizacija (lingvistika) (stranica ne postoji)">romanizacija</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Osnovne_odlike">Osnovne odlike</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Osnovne odlike"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Osnovne odlike"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Kuozhai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kuozhai.jpg/250px-Kuozhai.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Kuozhai.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="298" /></a><figcaption>Kineska slova (漢字) su morfo-slogovna. Svaki od njih predstavlja slog sa posebnim značenjem, ali neka slova mogu imati višestruka značenja ili izgovor.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sistemi pisanja se razlikuju od drugih mogućih sistema <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simboli%C4%8Dka_komunikacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simbolička komunikacija (stranica ne postoji)">simboličke komunikacije</a> po tome da se sistem pisanja uvijek asocira sa bar jednim govornim jezikom. U kontrastu s tim, vizuelne reprezentacije kao što je crtanje, slikanje i neverbalni oznake na mapama, poput konturnih linija, nisu direktno vezane za jezik. Neki simboli na informacijskim znacima, kao što su simboli za muško i žensko, također nisu vezani za jezik, ali mogu postati dio jezika ako se često koriste zajedno sa drugim jezičkim elementima. Neki drugi simboli, kao što su brojevi i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ampersand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ampersand (stranica ne postoji)">ampersand</a>, nisu direktno povezani sa bilo kojim specifičnim jezikom, ali se često koriste u pisanju i stoga se moraju smatrati dijelom sistema pisanja. </p><p>Svaka ljudska zajednica posjeduje jezik, koji mnogi smatraju urođenom i definišućim uslovom čovječanstva. Međutim, razvoj sistema pisanja i proces kojim su zamijenili tradicionalne oralne komunikacione sisteme, bili su sporadični, nejednaki i spori. Kada su jednom uspostavljeni, sistemi pisanja se generalno mijenjaju sporije od svojih govornih pandana. Tako oni često očuvaju funkcije i izraze koji više nisu aktuelni u govornom jeziku. Jedna od sjajnih prednosti sistema pisanja je ta da mogu očuvati trajni zapis informacija izraženih na datom jeziku. </p><p>Pismo je sredstvo prostorne i vremenske komunikacije. U širem smislu to je svaki sistem vidljivih oblika (slika, simbola, znakova i njihovih kombinacija) namjerno proizvedenih u svrhu memorisanja i obavještavanja; u užem smislu, sistem znakova koji predstavljaju određene elemente govornog jezika: pojedine riječi, slogove ili glasove. Razlikujemo nekoliko vrsta pisama: </p> <ul><li>Pojmovno (logografsko)</li> <li>Slogovno (pojmovno - silabičko)</li> <li>Slovno (alfabet)</li></ul> <p>Ovo su tri razvojne faze pisma, Danas se i dalje koriste sve te vrste, mada je najčešće u upotrebi alfabet, a primitivnije razvojne faze, koristimo kao pomoćna sredstva u komunikaciji. </p><p>Svako pismo ima sljedeće odlike: </p> <ul><li>tačno definisan konačan skup simbola (<a href="/wiki/Slovo" title="Slovo">slova</a>)</li> <li>vezano je za određeni jezik koji predstavlja u grafičkom obliku</li> <li>kombinacijom simbola koji čine pismo i pravopisnih pravila mogu se izraziti sve riječi jednog jezika</li> <li>koristi se za indirektnu komunikaciju između osobe koja piše i osobe koja čita</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historija">Historija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Historija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Historija"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slikovno_pismo">Slikovno pismo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Slikovno pismo"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Slikovno pismo"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Preteča pisma je komunikacija pomoću raznoraznih predmeta - složeno kamenje, školjke, prelomljene grančice, strelice, vatra, dim i sl. Poznato je i kipui quipu – konopac pismo, južnoameričkih Indijanaca Inka: na glavni konopac obješeni su manji konopci sa raznobojnim čvorovima, a raspored čvorova i boje su ukazivale na određenu poruku. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slikovno_pismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slikovno pismo (stranica ne postoji)">Slikovno pismo</a> nastaje kada sličice, iz faze u fazu, dođu na određeni stepen stilizacije, i kada se takav, određeni slikovni pojam, dogovorno počinje upotrebljavati i to uvijek za isti pojam. Već se pećinski čovek u prahistoriji koristio takvim načinom sporazumevanja. Zatim se različite sličice dovode u uzajamni odnos i stvaraju asocijaciju. Takav početak slikovnog pisma se zove - piktografija. </p><p>Piktogrami su zapisi ili saopštenja načinjeni nizanjem šematskih sličica ljudi, životinja, predmeta i sl. I danas je koriste neki <a href="/wiki/Domoroda%C4%8Dki_narodi_Amerike" title="Domorodački narodi Amerike">Indijanci</a> i Eskimi. Piktograme čitamo kao simbole, a danas ih koristimo u saobraćaju (saobraćajni znakovi), na aerodromima, sportskim objektima, hotelima (razna obaveštenja i oznake) i slično. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pojmovno_pismo">Pojmovno pismo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Pojmovno pismo"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Pojmovno pismo"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Idiogrami su šematizovani oblici pojedinih slika koji postaju nositelji pojedinih riječi i pojmova, a koji se mogu dovoditi u odnose i stvarati asocijacije na apstraktne, afektivne i relacione pojmove. Tako se npr. kod kineskog pisma <i>ideogram</i> „hao“ koji označava „dobro“ i „ljubav“ gradi spajanjem slike majke i slike djeteta. Idiogram „pjevati“ je složen od idiograma - slike ptice i slike usta. Idiogram „svađa“ od spajanja dvije slike žene. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Pećinski crteži </th> <th>Savremeni piktogrami </th> <th>Savremeni idiogrami </th> <th>Sumerski idiogrami </th> <th>Disk sa Krita <p>1700. god. pr. n. e. </p> </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:white; text-align:center;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:01-Pismo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pećinski crteži"><img alt="Pećinski crteži" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/01-Pismo.jpg/150px-01-Pismo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/01-Pismo.jpg/225px-01-Pismo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/01-Pismo.jpg/300px-01-Pismo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:02-Pismo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Savremeni piktogrami"><img alt="Savremeni piktogrami" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/02-Pismo.jpg/150px-02-Pismo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/02-Pismo.jpg/225px-02-Pismo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/02-Pismo.jpg/300px-02-Pismo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:03-Pismo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Savremeni idiogrami"><img alt="Savremeni idiogrami" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/03-Pismo.jpg/150px-03-Pismo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/03-Pismo.jpg/225px-03-Pismo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/03-Pismo.jpg/300px-03-Pismo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:04-Pismo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sumerski idiogrami"><img alt="Sumerski idiogrami" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/04-Pismo.jpg/150px-04-Pismo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/04-Pismo.jpg/225px-04-Pismo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/04-Pismo.jpg/300px-04-Pismo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:05-Pismo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Disk sa Krita - 1700. p. n. е."><img alt="Disk sa Krita - 1700. p. n. е." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/05-Pismo.jpg/150px-05-Pismo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/05-Pismo.jpg/225px-05-Pismo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/05-Pismo.jpg/300px-05-Pismo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Klinasto_pismo">Klinasto pismo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak "Klinasto pismo"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Klinasto pismo"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U <a href="/wiki/Mezopotamija" title="Mezopotamija">Mezopotamiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumeri</a> su oko 3400. p. n. e. vjerovatno stvorili najstarije pismo. U početku su to logogrami, znakovi koji predstavljaju pojedinu riječ. Uskoro dolazi do fonetizacije klinastog pisma, pa znakovi prikazuju glasove ili glasovne grupe. Tako je oko 2500. p. n. e. klinasto pismo postalo mješavina pojmovnog i slogovnog pisma. Klinovi su nastali utiskivanjem štapića u svježu glinu. Vremenom znakovi su polako izgubili svoju početnu figurativnost. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Egipatski_hijeroglifi">Egipatski hijeroglifi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak "Egipatski hijeroglifi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Egipatski hijeroglifi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egipatski_hijeroglifi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egipatski hijeroglifi (stranica ne postoji)">Egipatski hijeroglifi</a></div> <p>I egipatsko pismo je ubrzo izgubilo svoj idiografski karakter i postalo pojmovno i slogovno. Na kraju su <a href="/wiki/Egip%C4%87ani" title="Egipćani">Egipćani</a> slikovnim znakovima označavali i pojedina slova, tj. glasove. Kako se povećavao državni aparat, tako su Egipćani imali potrebu za jednostavnijim pismom, pa je u 3000. p. n. e. nastalo hijeratsko (svešteničko) pismo, a od 800. godine do 500. p. n. e. koristi se demotsko (narodno) pismo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kinesko_pismo">Kinesko pismo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak "Kinesko pismo"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Kinesko pismo"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ovo se pismo upotrebljava bez nekih većih i značajnijih promjena već otprilike 4000 godina. Po svojoj formi kinesko pismo je slikovno pismo – jer se svaki pojam obijležava svojom sličicom, ali je po značenju to pojmovno pismo. U prvo vrijeme se pisalo vertikalno, a danas se piše horizontalno i to slijeva-zdesna. Kinesko pismo ima oko 50.000 znakova. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slogovno_ili_silabičko_pismo"><span id="Slogovno_ili_silabi.C4.8Dko_pismo"></span>Slogovno ili silabičko pismo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak "Slogovno ili silabičko pismo"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Slogovno ili silabičko pismo"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slogovno_pismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slogovno pismo (stranica ne postoji)">Slogovno pismo</a></div> <p>Ovdje se svaki znak odnosi na jedan gramatički slog. Slogovno pismo se razvilo tako što se znak za pojam (idiogram) ili riječ (logogram) počeo odnositi samo na prvi slog te riječi ili se više idiograma kratkih riječi slagalo zajedno da bi se dobilo približni fonetski sastav neke duže riječi. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Hebrejsko pismo </th> <th>Pismo devangari </th> <th>Arapsko pismo </th> <th>Rimska kapitala </th> <th>Rimska unicijala </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:white; text-align:center;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:06-Pismo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hebrejsko pismo"><img alt="Hebrejsko pismo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/06-Pismo.jpg/150px-06-Pismo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/06-Pismo.jpg/225px-06-Pismo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/06-Pismo.jpg/300px-06-Pismo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:07-Pismo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pismo devangari"><img alt="Pismo devangari" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/07-Pismo.jpg/150px-07-Pismo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/07-Pismo.jpg/225px-07-Pismo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/07-Pismo.jpg/300px-07-Pismo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:08-Pismo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arapsko pismo"><img alt="Arapsko pismo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/08-Pismo.jpg/150px-08-Pismo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/08-Pismo.jpg/225px-08-Pismo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/08-Pismo.jpg/300px-08-Pismo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:09-Pismo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rimska kapitala"><img alt="Rimska kapitala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/09-Pismo.jpg/150px-09-Pismo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/09-Pismo.jpg/225px-09-Pismo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/09-Pismo.jpg/300px-09-Pismo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:10-Pismo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rimska unicijala"><img alt="Rimska unicijala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/10-Pismo.jpg/150px-10-Pismo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/10-Pismo.jpg/225px-10-Pismo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/10-Pismo.jpg/300px-10-Pismo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kritsko_linearno_pismo">Kritsko linearno pismo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak "Kritsko linearno pismo"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Kritsko linearno pismo"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nastalo je početkom 2000. godine p. n. e. (prvo pismo u Evropi) pod uticajem egipatske hijeroglifike. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hebrejsko_kvadratično_pismo"><span id="Hebrejsko_kvadrati.C4.8Dno_pismo"></span>Hebrejsko kvadratično pismo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak "Hebrejsko kvadratično pismo"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Hebrejsko kvadratično pismo"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kvadratično pismo Kethabh merruba zove se još i asirsko pismo. Sastoji se od 22 znaka za kosonante, piše se zdesna-slijeva, a odsutnost vokala nadoknađuje se dodatnim znakovima, tačkicama ili crticama ispod slova. Ovakvo pisanje se naziva i masoretskim znakovima ili punktacijom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Devangari">Devangari</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak "Devangari"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Devangari"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Devangari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devangari (stranica ne postoji)">Devangari</a></div> <p>Razvilo se u sjevernoj <a href="/wiki/Indija" title="Indija">Indiji</a> iz pisma brahmi u pismo devanagari ("pismo božanskog grada"). Čita se i piše slijeva-zdesna. Dijeljenja riječi nema. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arapsko_pismo">Arapsko pismo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak "Arapsko pismo"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Arapsko pismo"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Arapsko_pismo" title="Arapsko pismo">Arapsko pismo</a></div> <p>Razvilo se u 7. stoljeću. Najstariji rukopisi <a href="/wiki/Kur%27an" title="Kur'an">Kur'ana</a> napisani su kufskim pismom, monumentalnim i uglatim, pogodnim za urezivanje. Vremenom, pisanjem na koži i papirusu izgubilo je svoju ukočenost i pretvorilo se u nashi, preteču današnjeg arapskog pisma. Arapsko se pismo se čita zdesna-slijeva, a slova su unutar riječi povezana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alfabet">Alfabet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak "Alfabet"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Alfabet"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U razvojnom lancu pisma, alfabet se nalazi na kraju. Od 26 do 36 znakova su grafemi, a oni predstavljaju znakove za pojedine glasove foneme. Smatra se da su prvi tvorci alfabeta <a href="/wiki/Fenicija" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenicija">Feničani</a>, mada ima i drugih teorija. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Karolinška miniskula </th> <th>Gotička miniskula </th> <th>Ćirilički natpis </th> <th>Baščanska ploča </th> <th>Razvoj slova А </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:white; text-align:center;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:11-Pismo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karolinška miniskula"><img alt="Karolinška miniskula" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/11-Pismo.jpg/150px-11-Pismo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/11-Pismo.jpg/225px-11-Pismo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/11-Pismo.jpg/300px-11-Pismo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:12-Pismo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gotička miniskula"><img alt="Gotička miniskula" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/12-Pismo.jpg/150px-12-Pismo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/12-Pismo.jpg/225px-12-Pismo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/12-Pismo.jpg/300px-12-Pismo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:13-Pismo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ćirilički natpis"><img alt="Ćirilički natpis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/13-Pismo.jpg/150px-13-Pismo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/13-Pismo.jpg/225px-13-Pismo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/13-Pismo.jpg/300px-13-Pismo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:14-Pismo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baščanska ploča"><img alt="Baščanska ploča" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/14-Pismo.jpg/150px-14-Pismo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/14-Pismo.jpg/225px-14-Pismo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/14-Pismo.jpg/300px-14-Pismo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:15-Pismo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Razvoj slova A"><img alt="Razvoj slova A" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/15-Pismo.jpg/150px-15-Pismo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/15-Pismo.jpg/225px-15-Pismo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/15-Pismo.jpg/300px-15-Pismo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fenički_alfabet"><span id="Feni.C4.8Dki_alfabet"></span>Fenički alfabet</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odlomak "Fenički alfabet"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Fenički alfabet"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Feničani su trgovali sa svojim susjedima, Egipćanima i Babiloncima. Poznavali su njihovo pismo, a za potrebe zapisivanja trgovačkih podataka razvili su sasvim jednostavne crtovne znakove - 22 slova.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Grčki_alfabet"><span id="Gr.C4.8Dki_alfabet"></span>Grčki alfabet</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odlomak "Grčki alfabet"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Grčki alfabet"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trgovačkim vezama feničko je pismo stiglo u <a href="/wiki/Kartaga" title="Kartaga">Kartagu</a>, Španiju i Grčku. Oko 10. stoljeća p. n. e. nastao je grčki alfabet.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackwell_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackwell-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-True_alphabet_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-True_alphabet-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riječ alfabet dolazi od prvih slova grčkog pisma - alfe i bete. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Latinica">Latinica</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredi odlomak "Latinica"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Latinica"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Latinica" title="Latinica">Latinica</a></div> <p>Historija latinice počinje osnivanjem Rimske države, 7–6. stoljeća p. n. e. Od 2. stoljeća p. n. e. Rim vlada cijelim <a href="/wiki/Sredozemlje" title="Sredozemlje">Sredozemljem</a> gdje se proširilo i latiničko pismo.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poznato je pismo <i>Rimska kapitala</i>, osnova našeg današnjeg pisma, a razlikujemo <i>monumentalnu kapitalu</i>, <i>kvadratičnu kapitalu</i>, <i>rustičnu kapitalu</i>; zatim <i>rimski kurziv</i>. Od 3. vijeka javlja se <i>uncijala</i>, a od 6. do 8. vijeka <i>poluuncijala</i>. Rimska kapitala uvodi i nove načine ukrašavanja slova: serifima (stopicama, posebnim završecima linija slova) i odnosom debljih i tanjih „prečki“, linija slova. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Karolinška_miniskula"><span id="Karolin.C5.A1ka_miniskula"></span>Karolinška miniskula</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Uredi odlomak "Karolinška miniskula"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Karolinška miniskula"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolin%C5%A1ka_miniskula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karolinška miniskula (stranica ne postoji)">Karolinška miniskula</a></div> <p>Poslije propasti Rimskog carstva od poluuncijale nastaju brojna pisma. </p> <ul><li><i>insularna miniskula</i> - Irska</li> <li><i>merovinška miniskula</i> - Francuska</li> <li><i>langobardska miniskula</i> - sjeverna Italija</li> <li><i>beneventanska miniskula</i> - srednja i južna Italija</li> <li><i>zapadnogotska (vizigotska) miniskula</i> - Španija</li> <li><i>karolinška miniskula</i> - karolina - nastala je u vrijeme vladavine franačkog kralja <a href="/wiki/Karlo_Veliki" title="Karlo Veliki">Karla Velikog</a> u 8. stoljeću koji je želio da obnovi sjaj Rimskog carstva. U Aahenu je osnovana čuvena Akademija s najuglednijim naučnicima tog doba. Pristupilo se reformi pisma. <i>Miniskula</i> znači da u pismu nema velikih slova. Velika slova pisala su se kapitalom koja ne poznaje mala slova.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gotička_miniskula"><span id="Goti.C4.8Dka_miniskula"></span>Gotička miniskula</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Uredi odlomak "Gotička miniskula"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Gotička miniskula"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U razdoblju <a href="/wiki/Gotika" title="Gotika">gotike</a>, oko 1150. godine karolinška miniskula se prilagođavala novom stilu: šiljastim tornjevima, prelomljenim lukovima. Oblici slova postaju sve uži i vitkiji, a obline sve šiljastije. Iz gotičke miniskule razvijaju se <i>tekstura</i>, <i>rotunda</i>, <i>švabačep</i> i <i>fraktura</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Humanistička_miniskula"><span id="Humanisti.C4.8Dka_miniskula"></span>Humanistička miniskula</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Uredi odlomak "Humanistička miniskula"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Humanistička miniskula"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U 14. stoljeću humanizam se suprotstavlja feudalno - crkvenoj ideologiji. Okreću se antici i smatrajući da je karolina antičkog porijekla, prihvataju je i zovu „antičko pismo“, littera antiqua, što je dovelo do naziva antikva (što je bilo pogrešno). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Glagoljica">Glagoljica</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Uredi odlomak "Glagoljica"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Glagoljica"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Glagoljica" title="Glagoljica">Glagoljica</a></div> <p>Glagoljica je slavensko pismo, nastalo u 9. stoljeću na <a href="/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan">Balkanskom poluostrvu</a>. Koristi karakteristične kružiće, a kao autor glagoljice često se uzima <a href="/wiki/%C4%86irilo_i_Metodije" title="Ćirilo i Metodije">Ćiril</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schenker_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schenker-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Od 11. stoljeća glagoljicu istiskuje ćirilica, pa se glagoljica zadržava jedino u Hrvatskoj. Oko 1100. godine na Krku, pored Baške, isklesana je Bašćanska ploča koja se smatra jednim od najznačajnijih glagoljskih natpisa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ćirilica"><span id=".C4.86irilica"></span>Ćirilica</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Uredi odlomak "Ćirilica"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Ćirilica"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/%C4%86irilica" title="Ćirilica">Ćirilica</a></div> <p>Od 30 slova koliko ih ima ćirilička azbuka, 26 je preuzeto iz grčkog alfabeta, a ostala su slova stilizovana ili preuzeta iz glagoljice. Kao autori ćirilice navode se Konstantin, <a href="/wiki/%C4%86irilo_i_Metodije" title="Ćirilo i Metodije">Ćirilo i Metodije</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BritGlago_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritGlago-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> episkop Kliment, car <a href="/wiki/Simeon_I" title="Simeon I">Simeon Veliki</a> i dr.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDvornik1956179_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDvornik1956179-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurta2006221–222_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurta2006221–222-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Najstarijim ćiriličkim spomenikom smatra se Samuilov natpis iz 993. godine. U 12. stoljeću nastala je <i>bosančica</i> ili <i>bosanska ćirilica</i>, sa primjesama glagoljice i latinice. Najstariji spomenik na bosančici je <a href="/wiki/Povelja_Kulina_bana" title="Povelja Kulina bana">Povelja Kulina bana</a> iz 1189. godine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tipografsko_pismo">Tipografsko pismo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Uredi odlomak "Tipografsko pismo"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Tipografsko pismo"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U 15. stoljeću (1450. godina) <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg" title="Johannes Gutenberg">Johannes Gutenberg</a> pronalazi pomična - odvojena slova i štamparsku mašinu, što stvara potrebu za jasno odvojenim svakim znakom, tačnim definisanjem njegovog oblika i smeštajem unutar raspoloživog pravougaonika. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Renesansna_antikva">Renesansna antikva</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Uredi odlomak "Renesansna antikva"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Renesansna antikva"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Razvila se iz humanističke miniskule (a ova iz karoline). Pojavljuje se 1465. godine na otiscima štampara Eveinheima i Panarza iz svešteničkog kompleksa Subiako nadomak <a href="/wiki/Rim" title="Rim">Rima</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prelazna_antikva">Prelazna antikva</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Uredi odlomak "Prelazna antikva"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Prelazna antikva"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prema zamisli kralja <a href="/wiki/Luj_XIV,_kralj_Francuske" title="Luj XIV, kralj Francuske">Luja XIV</a> bila je osnovana 1692. godine komisija francuske akademije koja je za kraljevsku štampariju trebala da izradi savršenu antikvu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Klasicistička_antikva"><span id="Klasicisti.C4.8Dka_antikva"></span>Klasicistička antikva</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Uredi odlomak "Klasicistička antikva"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Klasicistička antikva"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Didoova antikva - 1775.</li> <li>Bodonijeva antikva</li></ul> <p>Poslije 1800. godine na razvoj pisma ima veliki uticaj industrijalizacija. Nastaju brojna pisma, npr. <i>grotesk</i> (ispuštaju se serifi). </p><p>Oko 1900, u razdoblju secesije, Oto Ekman razvija dekorativno pismo. Secesijska pisma su karakteristična po svojim biljnim i geometriziranim komponentama izrazitog dekora. </p><p>Pojavom <a href="/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunar" title="Računar">računara</a>, pisma se crtački oblikuju na <a href="/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunarski_monitor" title="Računarski monitor">ekranu</a>, što značajno povećava količinu različitih tipova slova ili računarskim jezikom - <i>fontova</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Također_pogledajte"><span id="Tako.C4.91er_pogledajte"></span>Također pogledajte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Uredi odlomak "Također pogledajte"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Također pogledajte"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arebica" title="Arebica">Arebica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosan%C4%8Dica" title="Bosančica">Bosančica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%86irilica" title="Ćirilica">Ćirilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijeroglifi" title="Hijeroglifi">Hijeroglifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanlijsko_tursko_pismo" title="Osmanlijsko tursko pismo">Osmanlijsko tursko pismo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjski_linkovi">Vanjski linkovi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Uredi odlomak "Vanjski linkovi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Vanjski linkovi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3627399">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3486241">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons logo"><img alt="Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons logo</figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" class="extiw" title="commons:Početna strana">Commons</a> ima datoteke na temu: <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Writing_systems?uselang=bs">Pismo (jezik) </a></span></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100303044746/http://writsy.oxfordjournals.org/current.dtl">Writing Systems Research - Free first issue of a journal devoted to research on writing systems</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archchinese.com/">Arch Chinese (Traditional & Simplified) - Chinese character writing animations and native speaker pronunciations</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sensiblechinese.com/how-to-learn-chinese-characters">Sensible Chinese - A practical guide to approaching the Chinese writing system</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210319134101/https://sensiblechinese.com/how-to-learn-chinese-characters/">Arhivirano</a> 19. 3. 2021. na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140312143430/http://www.decodeunicode.org/">Unicode Wiki with all 98,884 Unicode 5.0 characters as gifs in three sizes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.cornell.edu/africana/Writing_Systems/Welcome.html">African writing systems</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/index.htm">Omniglot: The Online Encyclopedia of Writing Systems and Languages</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientscripts.com/ws.html">Ancient Scripts - Introduction to different writing systems</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.evertype.com/alphabets/index.html">Alphabets of Europe</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccelian.com/ElianScriptFull.html">Elian script</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbardalzo.narod.ru/vse_alf.html">Written of the World</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://123456789101112.uw.hu">Ultraweb.hu – főoldal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110208071031/http://123456789101112.uw.hu/">Arhivirano</a> 8. 2. 2011. na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Uredi odlomak "Literatura"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Literatura"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3303351">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3303350">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchenker1995" class="citation book cs1">Schenker, Alexander M. (1995). "Early Writing". <i>The dawn of Slavic: an introduction to Slavic philology</i>. New Haven i London: Yale University Press. str. 168–172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-300-05846-8" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-300-05846-8"><bdi>978-0-300-05846-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Early+Writing&rft.btitle=The+dawn+of+Slavic%3A+an+introduction+to+Slavic+philology&rft.place=New+Haven+i+London&rft.pages=168-172&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-300-05846-8&rft.aulast=Schenker&rft.aufirst=Alexander+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFCoulmas1996" class="citation book cs1">Coulmas, Florian (1996). <i>The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems</i>. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-631-21481-6" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-631-21481-6"><bdi>978-0-631-21481-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Encyclopedia+of+Writing+Systems&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishers+Ltd.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-631-21481-6&rft.aulast=Coulmas&rft.aufirst=Florian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><i>Општа историја писма</i>, Драган Бараћ, Београд, Економика. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pismo (jezik)</a></li> <li>Cisse, Mamadou. 2006. "Ecrits et écritures en Afrique de l'Ouest". Sudlangues n°6, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720093748/http://www.sudlangues.sn/spip.php?article101">https://web.archive.org/web/20110720093748/http://www.sudlangues.sn/spip.php?article101</a></li> <li>Coulmas, Florian. 1996. <i>The Blackwell encyclopedia of writing systems</i>. Oxford: Blackwell.</li> <li>Coulmas, Florian. 2003. <i>Writing systems. An introduction</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFDaniels1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_T._Daniels_i_William_Bright,_eds.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter T. Daniels i William Bright, eds. (stranica ne postoji)">Daniels, Peter T.</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195079937"><i>The World's Writing Systems</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford University Press (stranica ne postoji)">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-19-507993-7" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-19-507993-7"><bdi>978-0-19-507993-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Writing+Systems&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-507993-7&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=Peter+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780195079937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_nepreporu%C4%8Deni_parametar" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar">link</a>) CS1 održavanje: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFDeFrancis,_John.1990" class="citation book cs1">DeFrancis, John. (1990). <i>The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy</i>. Honolulu: <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Hawaii_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Hawaii Press (stranica ne postoji)">University of Hawaii Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-8248-1068-9" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-8248-1068-9"><bdi>978-0-8248-1068-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chinese+Language%3A+Fact+and+Fantasy&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-1068-9&rft.au=DeFrancis%2C+John.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFHaarmann2004" class="citation book cs1">Haarmann, Harald (2004). <i>Geschichte der Schrift</i> [<i>History of Writing</i>] (jezik: njemački) (2nd izd.). München: C. H. Beck. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-3-406-47998-4" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-3-406-47998-4"><bdi>978-3-406-47998-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschichte+der+Schrift&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=C.+H.+Beck&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-3-406-47998-4&rft.aulast=Haarmann&rft.aufirst=Harald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFHannas,_William._C.1997" class="citation book cs1">Hannas, William. C. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/asiasorthographi0000hann"><i>Asia's Orthographic Dilemma</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-8248-1892-0" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-8248-1892-0"><bdi>978-0-8248-1892-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia%27s+Orthographic+Dilemma&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-1892-0&rft.au=Hannas%2C+William.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fasiasorthographi0000hann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: ref=harv">link</a>)</span> (paperback). <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pismo (jezik)</a> (hardcover)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFMillard1986" class="citation journal cs1">Millard, A. R. (1986). "The Infancy of the Alphabet". <i>World Archaeology</i>. <b>17</b> (3): 390–398. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00438243.1986.9979978">10.1080/00438243.1986.9979978</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Archaeology&rft.atitle=The+Infancy+of+the+Alphabet&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=390-398&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00438243.1986.9979978&rft.aulast=Millard&rft.aufirst=A.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yutaka_Nishiyama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yutaka Nishiyama (stranica ne postoji)">Nishiyama, Yutaka</a>. 2010. <i>The Mathematics of Direction in Writing</i>. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ijpam.eu/contents/2010-61-3/9/9.pdf">Vol.61, No.3, 347-356.</a></li> <li>Rogers, Henry. 2005. <i>Writing Systems: A Linguistic Approach</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Page1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šablon:Page1 (stranica ne postoji)">Šablon:Page1</a> (hardcover);. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-631-23464-7" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-631-23464-7">978-0-631-23464-7</a> (paperback)</li> <li>Sampson, Geoffrey. 1985. <i>Writing Systems</i>. Stanford, California: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanford University Press (stranica ne postoji)">Stanford University Press</a>. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pismo (jezik)</a> (paper),. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-8047-1254-5" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-8047-1254-5">978-0-8047-1254-5</a> (cloth).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_A._Smalley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William A. Smalley (stranica ne postoji)">Smalley, W. A.</a> (ed.) 1964. <i>Orthography studies: articles on new writing systems</i>. London: United Bible Society.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFJ._M._Hussey,_Andrew_Louth2010" class="citation book cs1">J. M. Hussey, Andrew Louth (2010). "The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=J-H9BTVHKRMC&pg=PR3-IA34&lpg=PR3-IA34&dq=The+Orthodox+Church+in+the+Byzantine+Empire+Cyrillic+preslav+eastern#v=onepage&q=%20preslav%20eastern&f=false"><i>Oxford History of the Christian Church</i></a>. Oxford University Press. str. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-19-161488-0" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-19-161488-0"><bdi>978-0-19-161488-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Orthodox+Church+in+the+Byzantine+Empire&rft.btitle=Oxford+History+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-161488-0&rft.au=J.+M.+Hussey%2C+Andrew+Louth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DJ-H9BTVHKRMC%26pg%3DPR3-IA34%26lpg%3DPR3-IA34%26dq%3DThe%2BOrthodox%2BChurch%2Bin%2Bthe%2BByzantine%2BEmpire%2BCyrillic%2Bpreslav%2Beastern%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2520preslav%2520eastern%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2006" class="citation book cs1">Curta, Florin (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=YIAYMNOOe0YC&pg=PR1&dq=Curta,+Florin,+Southeastern+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages,+500-1250+(Cambridge+Medieval+Textbooks),+Cambridge+University+Press#v=onepage&q=Cyrillic%20preslav&f=false"><i>Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250</i></a>. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge University Press. str. 221–222. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-521-81539-0" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-521-81539-0"><bdi>978-0-521-81539-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeastern+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages%2C+500%E2%80%931250&rft.series=Cambridge+Medieval+Textbooks&rft.pages=221-222&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-81539-0&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DYIAYMNOOe0YC%26pg%3DPR1%26dq%3DCurta%2C%2BFlorin%2C%2BSoutheastern%2BEurope%2Bin%2Bthe%2BMiddle%2BAges%2C%2B500-1250%2B%28Cambridge%2BMedieval%2BTextbooks%29%2C%2BCambridge%2BUniversity%2BPress%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DCyrillic%2520preslav%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFDvornik1956" class="citation book cs1">Dvornik, Francis (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/slavstheirearlyh00dvor"><i>The Slavs: Their Early History and Civilization</i></a>. Boston: American Academy of Arts and Sciences. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/slavstheirearlyh00dvor/page/n184">179</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Slavs%3A+Their+Early+History+and+Civilization&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Dvornik&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fslavstheirearlyh00dvor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFИлиев2012" class="citation book cs1">Илиев, Иван Г. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ivanilievlogosmaster.blogspot.com/2012/07/scriptura-mundi-cyrillic-alphabet.html"><i>Кратка история на кирилската азбука</i></a>. Пловдив.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.place=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%93.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fivanilievlogosmaster.blogspot.com%2F2012%2F07%2Fscriptura-mundi-cyrillic-alphabet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFBringhurst2002" class="citation book cs1">Bringhurst, Robert (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780881791327"><i>The Elements of Typographic Style</i></a> (2.5 izd.). Vancouver: Hartley & Marks. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780881791327/page/262">262</a>–264. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-88179-133-4" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-88179-133-4"><bdi>978-0-88179-133-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Elements+of+Typographic+Style&rft.place=Vancouver&rft.pages=262-264&rft.edition=2.5&rft.pub=Hartley+%26+Marks&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-88179-133-4&rft.aulast=Bringhurst&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780881791327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFNezirović,_M.1992" class="citation book cs1">Nezirović, M. (1992). <i>Jevrejsko-španjolska književnost</i>. Sarajevo: Svjetlost.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jevrejsko-%C5%A1panjolska+knji%C5%BEevnost&rft.place=Sarajevo&rft.pub=Svjetlost&rft.date=1992&rft.au=Nezirovi%C4%87%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: ref=harv">link</a>)</span> [cited in Šmid, 2002]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFŠmid2002" class="citation book cs1">Šmid, Katja (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080407074136/http://hispanismo.cervantes.es/documentos/smidX.pdf"><i>Los problemas del estudio de la lengua sefardí in </i>Verba Hispanica<i><span></span></i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <b>X</b>. Liubliana: Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Liubliana. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0353-9660">0353-9660</a>. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hispanismo.cervantes.es/documentos/smidX.pdf">originala</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, 7. 4. 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 8. 2. 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+problemas+del+estudio+de+la+lengua+sefard%C3%AD+in+Verba+Hispanica&rft.place=Liubliana&rft.pub=Facultad+de+Filosof%C3%ADa+y+Letras+de+la+Universidad+de+Liubliana&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=%C5%A0mid&rft.aufirst=Katja&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhispanismo.cervantes.es%2Fdocumentos%2FsmidX.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Lives of St. Tsurho and St. Strahota</i>. Bohemia: Vatican Library. 1495.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lives+of+St.+Tsurho+and+St.+Strahota&rft.place=Bohemia&rft.pub=Vatican+Library&rft.date=1495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFAmmon2016" class="citation book cs1">Ammon, Philipp (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225708/http://sjani.ge/sjani-17/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9E%20%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98.pdf"><i>Tractatus slavonicus in: </i>Sjani (Thoughts) Georgian Scientific Journal of Literary Theory and Comparative Literature<i>, N 17</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. str. 248–56. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sjani.ge/sjani-17/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9E%20%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98.pdf">originala</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, 19. 7. 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 24. 1. 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tractatus+slavonicus+in%3A+Sjani+%28Thoughts%29+Georgian+Scientific+Journal+of+Literary+Theory+and+Comparative+Literature%2C+N+17&rft.pages=248-56&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Ammon&rft.aufirst=Philipp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsjani.ge%2Fsjani-17%2F%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%259E%2520%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Uredi odlomak "Reference"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pismo_(jezik)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Reference"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312388">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/definition.htm">"Definitions of writing systems"</a>. <i>Omniglot: The Online Encyclopedia of Writing Systems and Languages</i>. www.omniglot.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 29. 6. 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Omniglot%3A+The+Online+Encyclopedia+of+Writing+Systems+and+Languages&rft.atitle=Definitions+of+writing+systems&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fdefinition.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn_9780060826581-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isbn_9780060826581_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFHessler2006" class="citation cs2">Hessler, Peter (2006), "Artifact K: The Lost Alphabets", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JvmZjIDiOwcC"><i>Oracle Bones: A Journey Between China's Past and Present</i></a>, Harper Collins, str. 401–417, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/9780060826581" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/9780060826581"><bdi>9780060826581</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Artifact+K%3A+The+Lost+Alphabets&rft.btitle=Oracle+Bones%3A+A+Journey+Between+China%27s+Past+and+Present&rft.pages=401-417&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780060826581&rft.aulast=Hessler&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJvmZjIDiOwcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean-Pierre Thiollet,<i> Je m'appelle Byblos</i>, H & D, Paris. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pismo (jezik)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maria Eugenia Aubet, <i>The Phoenicians and the West</i> Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, London, 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blackwell-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blackwell_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFCoulmas1996" class="citation book cs1">Coulmas, Florian (1996). <i>The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems</i>. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-631-21481-6" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-631-21481-6"><bdi>978-0-631-21481-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Encyclopedia+of+Writing+Systems&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishers+Ltd.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-631-21481-6&rft.aulast=Coulmas&rft.aufirst=Florian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-True_alphabet-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-True_alphabet_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMillard1986">Millard 1986</a>, str. 396</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFBaldi2002" class="citation book cs1">Baldi, Philip (2002). <i>The foundations of Latin</i>. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+foundations+of+Latin&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Mouton+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Baldi&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFWheelock2005" class="citation book cs1">Wheelock, Frederic (2005). <i>Latin: An Introduction</i> (6. izd.). Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-06-078423-2" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-06-078423-2"><bdi>978-0-06-078423-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latin%3A+An+Introduction&rft.edition=6.&rft.pub=Collins&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-06-078423-2&rft.aulast=Wheelock&rft.aufirst=Frederic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schenker-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schenker_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchenker1995">Schenker 1995</a>, str. 168–172</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Columbia Encyclopaedia, Sixth Edition. 2001–05, O.Ed. Saints Cyril and Methodius "Cyril and Methodius, Saints) 869 and 884, respectively, “Greek missionaries, brothers, called Apostles to the Slavs and fathers of Slavonic literature."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BritGlago-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BritGlago_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopædia Britannica, <i>Major alphabets of the world, Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets</i>, 2008, O.Ed. "The two early Slavic alphabets, the Cyrillic and the Glagolitic, were invented by St. Cyril, or Constantine (c. 827–869), and St. Methodii (c. 825–884). These men from Thessaloniki who became apostles to the southern Slavs, whom they converted to Christianity."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFKazhdan1991" class="citation book cs1">Kazhdan, Alexander P. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/journalofamerica0001unse_t4a3"><i>The Oxford dictionary of Byzantium</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. str. 507. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-19-504652-6" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-19-504652-6"><bdi>978-0-19-504652-6</bdi></a>. <q>Constantine (Cyril) and his brother Methodius were the sons of the droungarios Leo and Maria, who may have been a Slav.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=507&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-19-504652-6&rft.aulast=Kazhdan&rft.aufirst=Alexander+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjournalofamerica0001unse_t4a3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDvornik1956179-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDvornik1956179_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDvornik1956">Dvornik 1956</a>, str. 179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurta2006221–222-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurta2006221–222_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurta2006">Curta 2006</a>, str. 221–222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFJ._M._Hussey,_Andrew_Louth2010" class="citation book cs1">J. M. Hussey, Andrew Louth (2010). "The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=J-H9BTVHKRMC&pg=PR3-IA34&lpg=PR3-IA34&dq=The+Orthodox+Church+in+the+Byzantine+Empire+Cyrillic+preslav+eastern#v=onepage&q=%20preslav%20eastern&f=false"><i>Oxford History of the Christian Church</i></a>. Oxford University Press. str. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-19-161488-0" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-19-161488-0"><bdi>978-0-19-161488-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Orthodox+Church+in+the+Byzantine+Empire&rft.btitle=Oxford+History+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-161488-0&rft.au=J.+M.+Hussey%2C+Andrew+Louth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DJ-H9BTVHKRMC%26pg%3DPR3-IA34%26lpg%3DPR3-IA34%26dq%3DThe%2BOrthodox%2BChurch%2Bin%2Bthe%2BByzantine%2BEmpire%2BCyrillic%2Bpreslav%2Beastern%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2520preslav%2520eastern%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3APismo+%28jezik%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normativna_kontrola_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Uredi_na_Wikipodacima_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8192#identifiers&#124;Uredi_na_Wikipodacima" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normativna_kontrola_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Uredi_na_Wikipodacima_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8192#identifiers&#124;Uredi_na_Wikipodacima" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:Normativna_kontrola" title="Pomoć:Normativna kontrola">Normativna kontrola</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8192#identifiers" title="Uredi na Wikipodacima"><img alt="Uredi na Wikipodacima" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/GND_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="GND (identifikator)">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4053297-5">4053297-5</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=HDS_(identifikator)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HDS (identifikator) (stranica ne postoji)">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/012801">012801</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MA_(identifikator)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MA (identifikator) (stranica ne postoji)">MA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/78148190">78148190</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NDL_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="NDL (identifikator)">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567844">00567844</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NKC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="NKC (identifikator)">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph115978&CON_LNG=ENG">ph115978</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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