CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9179dcbe1bb29b97',cH: '565EUK2SrMtTwQVTsIYbOlHLVhPUFoWFpU2QsHNHTAc-1740509229-1.2.1.1-aS_vwGyo1Q28TPvYsGnH1GMDYxR_h2UnOp2igAAJS9f0td88nD9PbdchKThOL5iO',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Liyong%20Wang&__cf_chl_tk=rgUev_YrOmMx0pbQXELkAB_awKc9UvPp1s4WI85lQxA-1740509229-1.0.1.1-K8Ag1ssipBTkxZdX1sHLSyr3XWDvinjW33jj5E2WNXk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740509229',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Liyong%20Wang&__cf_chl_f_tk=rgUev_YrOmMx0pbQXELkAB_awKc9UvPp1s4WI85lQxA-1740509229-1.0.1.1-K8Ag1ssipBTkxZdX1sHLSyr3XWDvinjW33jj5E2WNXk",md: "RR8Zj.LVAvNfpfh1kpn43nkhBjjLsr8svRxtu26fePc-1740509229-1.2.1.1-5l.kRvBCNv1JDbTBjH1Y7WoT7rwnmId0SzJn7MbP5JBk5WB0HMlTSzsXiNg69F4auhr1wR7CY0YYmcv5sSg87JpMS2AnzFbhC4h.js6gtR6rlN283p1v3rJ6uDJB5d6xZsgHZmAoQPfN76SJ141cAaaUPMvK70gqIa6hxfb4OObhfAMksdsIQWmm0Jgb_hrTf3OoSV.s2.RTVFM.lfoYtOf_c0v2yIe6HmpnrQJc_kkGE_1doVTeZ5YVY6zZLvo.eLwTOYOh.WElMm7hTNTETSGRDvlC8E5AxDThoKXBccdidBhDSsBlmLPdDgocp25uQ75CotkL007MqY.6n5HJUjzrz7nXYpUw24US0Mo75ExixB29svHsLXtzG5qIb5Z3I_t7rjxBRAyoSNF70KfFMRI9mptPUOiTL3IGTPcsayOVb_xuyNJ49BFEb2FKrPZiEoRsv2WvbJvRS6vNz_6PkL4vgMORQycOEJSwGigK1kNe3EGw_QP69w8w5dJJMTkl_y34M_k8VGZXQGLhrbyuZXNSs_F1Luv0mB6iSsuvLJkhwcfyfkN_Qi7b6OOQ_jznTcAyzGG8vA4T3zLgdR2zHeDTCyYcMW.E8ZQYApWfmcBerDrefQXFbda4N.jUtdrNqhxF8jG1XxPvgVk.2UK5udZh5OVQ6ao2JYvPp82W_zcy0K_.pP2kINlGWtPvnu.dOY3S3sz02B1GL0IBsfJJNPrdpMasZwj3bSQYkgZuy2u25b9.vFZ02avOHD_rdfYe2uBMSuWigW_tBNwEm5fgOequknOGaFjm3US1392lfHJq6uEQkPvYW13sT8xzXSAMh8TzhtSwLV9qLrpj4IsRqZ0KYA1qOxeJsFJ9G1YRUOW8M2BrDF_lW42Zec62Zo3XO81B58ccUAP6HiRczkOh4i1Vat6kCsGZXJpFd2AHIiRiv0qr4xVdLPD12anMd2DIsvr8l_OMEH1X6nPkpQX8dm4ojFrNDylAk_i1NspZFFRgK.0i14kcv3ytLK_R7kyzQKIrE_i9OWC6sHwpTUadA3XP3YLLSrunwAn7h.Egg45cacXFlv.0DRShzURHNGAo0ctR7wT_v9pqXaem9FUoOxxvwpMHiHKN_Fhz96k0lleggdIjjhCpu.woEMUCnbN_WwDBgjvu.upZFMnraex.WFzSgKcjc4RVm.HTFjgBJ2NyO6Qm4sbSfHVlbkSkCgrF3RWsXMPblUw787qQ39879u7Ma3_z0U5QCRYv4aVny0i0ShYV1n7F.VsjfyPXQ3FCUCyTvszmJn1LxlzmiDUL7uSP16uUeT0LVZ_U5JIvDQwjPtOBUiKIKFk.XG.LVOHproT10ESeSfaddRorHDncVF3RDhwGCFzhu72udXzC.WrATRfR2IiFNa0PemGrIknZMzeA1nFazehRF7dKPoGG71.pOyIhw5jVihOHWPYektdUIfDAXCXAB1Iotlb5YTTMXoNbraYQ5d9svc.H.bxDiopiC5Ev0.aX35BpLQ6xfcP736gc_9L8z8jt4wZ5ByhKJNFysFMmvZds6.ZrxYG8XeL73TbYS_JwWNUPcr6zPg5yiH.X8t55rtwWZ_EBGiQ3Sz1jnQ2U_qMcLzvDFAw9KtFcZqvEUY0OFH3paAF1WdPzPCNwZTF08g_fWC_1f6BE0Y6YO0ShH3yTjLHgFY.qwxznjZnC_Cwtkv5jGAMRCvWmWzj86duOpiKSc4Hd8.fwY89pSzz.gKRokOuEBUCNq4KIoSV3.Udsl7ptqO_nnr6VDOmZEfxzgc5v6B2eOnWfKT4fAjWYN_S6hZSEcrZCr._NADvKx9bArfCotpfhC9YHMQvkHNJ5wjc5nIpl8SZJIP33TJpxashs1g6DIF6AjG6qHBckUMdrUS0a9mpm3CiZGZl.8ooORwQA0nKLlvTvbyVx3kXBxANWjER3hxhRMFFpQ2wq79POcJFYHDTnKCo",mdrd: "w56k5KAHEf.EhHE31SbluRL8R7GSqXLgseaDVcAkai4-1740509229-1.2.1.1-eDQv7dnfB9zkiK7DWxdhe5CW.3CO2.iUIuJjrsp7LNz5xrNW7OozKPFMLXBbTBamHej6iaQGQ8a_uJqalUsJipkNHwW.B_uPZM7siHsdFk2HyhDaIQps4gfJywLfUBobrOZkopYWiqFcGQZ9c30dLFg5sbwYnXzNjN5z2iCItvON3z.4FCmpt9ZgHEuN9_sh0FSLk54ybwkSzhmbZWz79cSGZmw7gzsuelunpPGQNAnjH7UECAeQW820PJaIsD_tKw_YQBiUp_7z.VbG1vyo.EddWfDR23FyJkx8dop5Jp8N2ik77wktw7Okl3mnzp81s984O4JUmgdAoskMelQbtmVHL7WsYJ6E35GG5LAiW82YSWmt3FJruYxBWYZnIatb_202dguRu1aE4tND58t8CfFtmNB_b6XbkQVf.JPezky4TOjc9FHNJGT2pbWIcGeR_MFnEgh8606IBwZ50m084.OkgFQ1yTsUY4QJGtpxAxfflKxv44ouRcjUSLwZxPcRADvFqD55pn3NkNTef0B9AqN9tvMe9MKzqHuN7ueXD01qSH.NVdEU1JhQM6TctWc5htbIfUekol20sK9mGmCOspO9cugKsrckDsTChcXYFyc6iy1abNA2PtsC5V6mJDtfvl8GiOJEEAI4ZpcZ7N0stGh0eX4blIt7SC6HKCie4Qk20noUo4tbhw6Ld9HV5uRZb97omRQjUyRoSNZuz_7H9ZqyazgJZaFMATfHzfu3QAulULmaweqsplmfzGidvZjUNE9X8vWUFbFd2LrPlrv_EvLuy4PhBUJVGUSVIKK.98LdUEqJy3iyihP6AtYfXZ3WvFhxzkArPquhmkGuOMZyBTWsD1o6IN6IqeIDdYnozQTSsWwEIrOM98H5TM8J.CScWZup2zY09aVuKiwofOH4XIwttQ1vM6_DuInAQ9S0eOu_vvZAXRj8cL8Ob91v7f2Ga5qisDXbsPgoqHjyroCGmGboi.vh62Ud0Sv08dMWV1tcOu6yJAprB5oLpRgON6EtloJFYkuYcGwQpJigvXSJxo3XaUAbeSNQeqxNbgkL6wqfwCNkP_JVzLtS9alzquK6we6ojXZU5mJn4e.W1YyOSjr4WBO2tdNxcMUvFYHjw7fJs8fHPqc2XgQyxCqY4mun7pg1WvusG8HIfvq_46MWmn4MIQAd5_Nku5wgXD46X4Yzxzi.dQ6SDsdtJWVHpTbElOYjviULqWGlWaw8PkkjAMiE4s1ZxjbVQFJ1iKiJyC31sKi6tH00lbWX.12z12G6ljmrUEA4bS8gYnZgdaU_rkVJ1XK47PCGqjuM5u7IGk_ibQCDsR4LDMi2oWpxDi_qOhiM465Ghd6uJIyf_Fon5SlJx36n2cNKdi6p37pj6.Q7AuMF6YZ5sizpt6aHrX3YexsNADXNdnjJqYylSZ7EjLZod5yoXt1S16lQDB4_A7Pdulfk.5n7V4mZKqdRZaJSb4BRoby3_98kzuuaUbUFO9UQelZG3DFwJkuqjontfYCQ5wq82UvIwjazg_3W92lmLdGks7XXg.bZLU.zg5a9pe95Fstu.Rf9aaGvvkSMXDKwCjKjoan5COLoScNdR7ml3nz_hx9zIZXPmH0QH8hGp5Flc11r9u7xHvFbif8TfCBjWEdggTlHW0Cb.SuB0tJUaApAIt2CGoaXNiLdrTY3kEcZ4ia94At3U_kAxYL8Wp0szg7KmYJKhq9AQ.dIc._h7kMBX2nUXZl.sFy_MYZgE.qyLFxcYmGeUUhZlAU9MjIOoLsWu2vCszXK8ApWWHJolnF_ixMZYQtbBOg1OCVZUF6sGI3Z3Bxk81tUOCCzapIBFOkEJM7gNCqK_gzWraf.zmGYSdh.gTxBKybj2jI67wyoR9gilsdmfKf2Bke14ddOTONTFLrF6FOYDLEuuPacwilTTVVKGwdVn1QZjm0D9VPyMeoMqV2Rf7ekfbq7nWg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9179dcbe1bb29b97';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Liyong%20Wang&__cf_chl_rt_tk=rgUev_YrOmMx0pbQXELkAB_awKc9UvPp1s4WI85lQxA-1740509229-1.0.1.1-K8Ag1ssipBTkxZdX1sHLSyr3XWDvinjW33jj5E2WNXk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>