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Artists in the Spotlight: Exhibitions, Auctions, and More</h1><p class="mb-3">There has long been a popular misconception that historical female artists did not exist in any meaningful way. Now, we are (belatedly) realizing that this simply isn’t true.</p><div class="author-top"><span>Feb 1, 2022</span><span> • </span><span>By </span><a href="/author/alexandra-kiely/">Alexandra Kiely</a><span class="education">, BA Art History (with honors)</span></div></div><div class="col-md-12 d-md-block"></div></div><article class="article-post article-list-css" id="firstPagePost"><p><center><img alt="famous historical female artists" fetchpriority="high" width="1200" height="690" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="figure-img img-fluid" style="color:transparent;object-fit:contain" sizes="(max-width: 992px) 100vw, 66vw" srcSet="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/famous-historical-female-artists.jpg?width=480&quality=70 480w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/famous-historical-female-artists.jpg?width=600&quality=70 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/famous-historical-female-artists.jpg?width=640&quality=70 640w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/famous-historical-female-artists.jpg?width=750&quality=70 750w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/famous-historical-female-artists.jpg?width=828&quality=70 828w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/famous-historical-female-artists.jpg?width=1080&quality=70 1080w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/famous-historical-female-artists.jpg?width=1200&quality=70 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/famous-historical-female-artists.jpg?width=1400&quality=70 1400w" src="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/famous-historical-female-artists.jpg?width=1400&quality=70"/></center></p> <p class="firstL"> </p> <p class="firstL">In the past, historical female painters, sculptors, and printmakers rarely appeared in museums, college courses, or art history books. However, recent scholarship on <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/who-was-edmonia-lewis/">historical female artists</a>, an increasingly popular field of study, has challenged these assumptions and led to a re-assessment of how women fit into the art historical conversation. It turns out that there have been more, and more significant, female artists than we knew. Research projects are uncovering forgotten artworks languishing in storage, re-attributing works mistakenly given to male artists, redefining what we know about careers, and even resurrecting once-successful artists entirely missing from the history books.</p> <p> </p> <div><h2 style="padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:30px"><b>Rediscovering Female Artists</b></h2></div> <figure id="attachment_49908" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-49908" style="margin:0 0 1rem 0" class="figure"><center><img class="figure-img img-fluid-vertical" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa.jpg" alt="sofonisba anguissola self portrait mfa" width="614" height="800" srcSet="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa.jpg 921w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa-230x300.jpg 230w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa-786x1024.jpg 786w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa-768x1001.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa-150x195.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa-300x391.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa-600x782.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa-696x907.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa-322x420.jpg 322w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa-645x840.jpg 645w"/></center><figcaption id="caption-attachment-49908" class="figure-caption"><a href="https://collections.mfa.org/objects/33656" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><i>Self-Portrait</i> by Sofonisba Anguissola</a>, c. 1556, via Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</figcaption></figure> <p> </p> <p>In 2019, conservators at London’s Simon Gillespie Studios found <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/artemisia-gentileschi-the-me-too-painter-of-the-renaissance/">Artemisia Gentileschi</a>’s signature on a <i>David and Goliath</i> painting that had previously been attributed to a male artist. Three major museums held much-talked-about solo exhibitions of historical <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/women-artists-who-achieved-greatness/">female artists</a>. Researchers resurrected the career of <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/renaissance-women-italy-extraordinary-artists/">Florence nun and painter Plautilla Nelli</a>, as well as numerous others. Scholars have recently published new volumes on Baroque prodigy Sofonisba Anguissola and <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/who-was-rosalba-carriera/">Venetian portraitist Rosalba Carriera</a>. They have also recognized <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/famous-women-still-life-painters/">Giovanna Garzoni</a> and Fede Galizia for their prominent <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/women-artists-still-life-painters/">roles in Italian still-life painting</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p>Writers and illustrators collaborated on graphic novels about African-American sculptor <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/sculptures-that-defined-edmonia-lewis-legacy/">Edmonia Lewis</a> (<i>Seen: Edmonia Lewis</i>) and Japanese contemporary artist <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/yayoi-kusama-the-infinity-artist/">Yayoi Kusama</a> (<i>Kusama: The Graphic Novel</i>). New biographies of female artists, from well-known to obscure, abound. While gender parity in the art world is still, unfortunately, some way off, there’s no question that historical female artists are enjoying prominence like never before.</p> <p> </p> <h2><b>Women Artists in Museums </b></h2> <figure id="attachment_49906" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-49906" style="margin:0 0 1rem 0" class="figure"><center><img class="figure-img img-fluid" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met.jpg" alt="maddalena orsola caccia still life met" width="999" height="800" srcSet="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met-300x240.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met-1024x820.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met-768x615.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met-150x120.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met-600x481.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met-696x557.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met-1068x855.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met-524x420.jpg 524w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met-1049x840.jpg 1049w"/></center><figcaption id="caption-attachment-49906" class="figure-caption"><a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/816523" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><i>Fruit and Flowers</i> by Maddalena Orsola Caccia</a>, c. 1630, via The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York</figcaption></figure> <p> </p> <div><div class="mb-5 bg-dark CTA"><div class="row justify-content-between CTAWidth"><div class="col-md-6 mb-2 mb-md-0 CTA-text"><h3 class="secondfont" style="font-size:0.8em">Get the latest articles delivered to your inbox</h3><span> Sign up to our Free Weekly Newsletter</span></div><div class="col-md-6 CTA-input"><div><div id="mlb2-4044109" class="ml-form-embedContainer"><div><div class="ml-form-embedWrapper embedForm"><div class="ml-form-embedBody ml-form-embedBodyHorizontal row-form"><div class="ml-form-embedContent" style="margin-bottom:0"></div><form class="ml-block-form" action=""><div class="ml-form-formContent horozintalForm"><div class="ml-form-horizontalRow"><div class="ml-input-horizontal"><div style="width:100%" class="horizontal-fields"><div class="ml-field-group ml-field-email ml-validate-email ml-validate-required"><input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Email Address" autoComplete="email" value=""/></div></div></div><div class="ml-button-horizontal primary"><button type="button" class="" disabled="" style="cursor:not-allowed;opacity:80%">Join!</button></div></div></div></form></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ml-form-successBody row-success col-md-12 text-center" style="display:none"><div class="ml-form-successContent"><h3>Please check your inbox to activate your subscription</h3><span>Thank you!</span></div></div></div></div><div style="margin-bottom:20px"></div><p>Despite the pandemic, 2020 was a surprisingly good year for historical female artists. To honor the centennial of the 19th Amendment which gave American women the right to vote, the Baltimore Museum of Art in Maryland pledged to purchase only works by women in 2020. Most of Baltimore’s <a href="https://hyperallergic.com/611583/the-baltimore-museum-of-art-concludes-a-year-of-collecting-work-by-only-women-artists/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">53 acquisitions</a> were contemporary, but numerous other museums have begun to acquire and display more works by female artists of all time periods.</p></div> <p> </p> <p>Both the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Frick Collection received gifts of artworks by women. The Met acquired three by Italian nun and painter Maddalena Orsola Caccia. Two of them, a pair of silhouette-like still lifes, now appear in the recently-rehung Old Masters galleries. Caccia has been little known up until now, but her inclusion in such a major museum will surely change that.</p> <p> </p> <p>Around the same time, the nearby Frick Collection received two pastel portraits by Venetian artist Rosalba Carriera. Carriera is also the subject of a new book. Angela Oberer’s <i>The Life and Work of Rosalba Carriera (1673-1757): The Queen of Pastel</i> (Amsterdam University Press, 2020) is the first-ever volume on Carriera to be published in English. The Frick’s two new works by Carriera appear for the first time in the museum’s temporary installation in the Breuer Building on Madison Avenue. In honor of their debut, the Frick featured its two new pastels on the <a href="https://youtu.be/Pjk0df1g_1c" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">March 26, 2021 episode</a> of the museum’s wildly popular YouTube series <i>Cocktails with a Curator.</i></p> <p> </p> <figure id="attachment_49905" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-49905" style="margin:0 0 1rem 0" class="figure"><center><img class="figure-img img-fluid-vertical" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum.jpg" alt="judith leyster serenade rijksmuseum" width="579" height="800" srcSet="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum.jpg 869w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum-217x300.jpg 217w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum-742x1024.jpg 742w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum-768x1061.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum-150x207.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum-300x414.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum-600x829.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum-696x961.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum-304x420.jpg 304w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum-608x840.jpg 608w"/></center><figcaption id="caption-attachment-49905" class="figure-caption"><a href="https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/SK-A-2326" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><i>The Serenade</i> by Judith Leyster</a>, 1629, via Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam</figcaption></figure> <p> </p> <p>Amsterdam’s celebrated Rijksmuseum <a href="https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/press/press-releases/rijksmuseum-presents-women-artists-in-the-gallery-of-honour-for-the-first-time" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">announced</a> earlier this year that it will add works by 17th-century <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/famous-dutch-artists/">Dutch</a> artists Judith Leyster, Gesina ter Borch, and <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/rachel-ruysch-famous-still-life-painter/">Rachel Ruysch</a> to its Gallery of Honor, home to long-celebrated masterworks by the likes of Vermeer and Rembrandt. These are not new acquisitions. Ruysch’s <i>Still Life with Flowers in a Glass Vase</i> entered the Rijksmuseum’s collection all the way back in 1814, and Leyster’s <i>The Serenade</i> joined it in 1908. Their display might be belated, but its significance cannot be overstated. Every time a museum chooses to include a female artist in its galleries, whether in the permanent collection or as part of a special exhibition, it not only introduces artists and their work to the museum-going public but it also makes convincing arguments for these women’s place in art history.</p> <p> </p> <div><h2 style="padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:30px"><b>Exhibitions</b></h2></div> <figure id="attachment_49901" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-49901" style="margin:0 0 1rem 0" class="figure"><center><img class="figure-img img-fluid-vertical" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng.jpg" alt="artemisia gentileschi saint catherine ng" width="770" height="800" srcSet="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng.jpg 1155w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng-289x300.jpg 289w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng-986x1024.jpg 986w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng-768x798.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng-150x156.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng-300x312.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng-600x623.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng-696x723.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng-1068x1110.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng-404x420.jpg 404w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng-809x840.jpg 809w"/></center><figcaption id="caption-attachment-49901" class="figure-caption"><a href="https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/artemisia-gentileschi-self-portrait-as-saint-catherine-of-alexandria" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><i>Self-Portrait as Saint Catherine of Alexandria</i> by Artemisia Gentileschi</a>, c. 1615-7, via National Gallery, London</figcaption></figure> <p> </p> <p>The J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles purchased Artemisia Gentileschi’s <i>Lucretia</i> in March 2021. However, it was the acquisition of another Artemisia painting, <i>Self-Portrait as Saint Catherine of Alexandria</i>, by London’s National Gallery in 2018 that inspired one of the 2020s most talked-about exhibitions. <i>Artemisia</i> was the artist’s first major show in the United Kingdom, and it included works from collections all over the world. Despite being delayed due to the pandemic, the Artemisia exhibition opened in late 2020 to great acclaim. Through the exhibition and catalog, curator Letizia Treves helped promote the view that Gentileschi’s art is worthy of its own attention and should not be overshadowed by the story of her rape trial.</p> <p> </p> <figure id="attachment_49904" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-49904" style="margin:0 0 1rem 0" class="figure"><center><img class="figure-img img-fluid" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/hilma-af-klint-guggenheim-exhibition.jpg" alt="hilma af klint guggenheim exhibition" width="1200" height="754" srcSet="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/hilma-af-klint-guggenheim-exhibition.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/hilma-af-klint-guggenheim-exhibition-300x189.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/hilma-af-klint-guggenheim-exhibition-1024x643.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/hilma-af-klint-guggenheim-exhibition-768x483.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/hilma-af-klint-guggenheim-exhibition-150x94.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/hilma-af-klint-guggenheim-exhibition-600x377.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/hilma-af-klint-guggenheim-exhibition-696x437.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/hilma-af-klint-guggenheim-exhibition-1068x671.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/hilma-af-klint-guggenheim-exhibition-668x420.jpg 668w"/></center><figcaption id="caption-attachment-49904" class="figure-caption"><a href="https://www.guggenheim.org/press-release/guggenheim-museum-presents-hilma-af-klint-paintings-for-the-future" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Installation view</a> of <i>Hilma af Klint: Paintings for the Future</i> at the Guggenheim, 2018-19, via Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York</figcaption></figure> <p> </p> <p>Gentileschi was already well known, no doubt in large part because of the dramatic details of her life. The subjects of two other recent critical and popular hits, on the other hand, may have been less familiar to most viewers. These were 20th-century figurative painter Alice Neel, subject of the Met’s 2021 retrospective <i>Alice Neel: People Come First</i>, and spiritual abstract painter <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/how-occultism-spiritualism-inspired-hilma-af-klint-paintings/">Hilma af Klint</a> in the Guggenheim’s 2018-19 <i>Hilma af Klint: Paintings for the Future</i>. Klint was meant to have another exhibition in Australia earlier this year, which did not get to open due to the pandemic. There is still hope for the New Zealand leg of its agenda.</p> <p> </p> <p>Many more exhibitions featuring historical female artists are scheduled to take place in the near future, pandemic permitting. For example, the Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford, Connecticut recently opened <i>By Her Hand: Artemisia Gentileschi and Women Artists of Italy, 1500-1800</i>. The exhibition includes another recently-rediscovered Artemisia painting, <i>Mary Magdalen in Ecstasy</i>, alongside other works by Artemisia, Sofonisba Anguissola, Rosalba Carriera, and others.</p> <p> </p> <div><h2 style="padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:30px"><b>All-Female Art Auctions</b></h2></div> <figure id="attachment_49903" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-49903" style="margin:0 0 1rem 0" class="figure"><center><img class="figure-img img-fluid" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s.jpg" alt="fede galizia still life sotheby s" width="1146" height="800" srcSet="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s-300x210.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s-1024x715.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s-768x536.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s-150x105.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s-600x419.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s-696x486.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s-1068x746.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s-601x420.jpg 601w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s-100x70.jpg 100w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s-200x140.jpg 200w"/></center><figcaption id="caption-attachment-49903" class="figure-caption"><a href="https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2019/master-paintings-evening-n10007/lot.42.html?locale=en" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><i>A Glass Compote with Peaches, Jasmine Flowers, Quinces, and a Grasshopper</i> by Fede Galizia</a>, via Sotheby’s</figcaption></figure> <p> </p> <p>Even auction houses are starting to highlight female artists. So far in 2021, both Sotheby’s and Christie’s have curated entire sales of works by diverse female artists. Sotheby’s held <a href="https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2021/women-artists" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><i>(Women) Artists</i></a> in London on May 27, 2021, which featured 57 artworks from the 16th-century to the present. Christie’s had <a href="https://www.salonprivemag.com/christies-women-in-art-sale/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><i>Women in art</i></a> in Paris on June 11, 2021, which included letters and manuscripts by George Sand, Edith Piaf, and Marie Curie in addition to artworks by 18th through 20th-century female artists and designers.</p> <p> </p> <p>Even as early as 2019, Sotheby’s was promoting <a href="https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/masterworks-by-trailblazing-female-artists-spanning-the-16th-through-the-19th-centuries?locale=en" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">The Female Triumphant</a>, a grouping of works by historical women within the January 30 Old Masters sale in New York. This event included a mixture of relative stars and lesser-known names: Angelica Kaufman, Artemisia Gentileschi, Elizabeth Vigée-le-Brun, Giulia Lama, <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/women-portraitist-renaissance/">Michaelina Wautier</a>, Marie-Victoire Lemoine, and Fede Galizia. It is unclear whether such sales and promotional efforts actually increase the prices female artists achieve at auction, but they certainly point to collectors’ increased interest in purchasing works by these artists.</p> <p> </p> <h2><b>Restoration</b></h2> <figure id="attachment_49907" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-49907" style="margin:0 0 1rem 0" class="figure"><center><img class="figure-img img-fluid" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/plautilla-nelli-last-supper-awa.jpg" alt="plautilla nelli last supper awa" width="1200" height="384" srcSet="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/plautilla-nelli-last-supper-awa.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/plautilla-nelli-last-supper-awa-300x96.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/plautilla-nelli-last-supper-awa-1024x328.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/plautilla-nelli-last-supper-awa-768x246.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/plautilla-nelli-last-supper-awa-150x48.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/plautilla-nelli-last-supper-awa-600x192.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/plautilla-nelli-last-supper-awa-696x223.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/plautilla-nelli-last-supper-awa-1068x342.jpg 1068w"/></center><figcaption id="caption-attachment-49907" class="figure-caption"><a href="http://advancingwomenartists.org/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><i>Last Supper</i> by Plautilla Nelli</a>, c.1568. Santa Maria Novella Museum in Florence, via Advancing Women Artists</figcaption></figure> <p> </p> <p>Many of the past few years’ headlines about female artists have stemmed from an Italian group dedicated to art conservation. The <a href="http://advancingwomenartists.org/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Advancing Women Artists Foundation</a> (AWA) worked for over a decade to bring the historical women artists of artistically rich Florence back to light through restoration efforts. At its inception, AWA leaders identified thousands of artworks by women artists in the storage rooms of Florentine museums. In many cases, the existence of these works was news to the museum curators responsible for them. Because AWA expressly aimed to get works by female artists into the public eye, any institution to benefit from its efforts had to promise to put the conserved work on permanent display afterward.</p> <p> </p> <figure id="attachment_49909" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-49909" style="margin:0 0 1rem 0" class="figure"><center><img class="figure-img img-fluid" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/violante-siries-madonna-awa.jpg" alt="violante siries madonna awa" width="1200" height="800" srcSet="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/violante-siries-madonna-awa.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/violante-siries-madonna-awa-300x200.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/violante-siries-madonna-awa-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/violante-siries-madonna-awa-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/violante-siries-madonna-awa-150x100.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/violante-siries-madonna-awa-600x400.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/violante-siries-madonna-awa-696x464.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/violante-siries-madonna-awa-1068x712.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/violante-siries-madonna-awa-630x420.jpg 630w"/></center><figcaption id="caption-attachment-49909" class="figure-caption"><a href="http://advancingwomenartists.org/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Elizabeth Wicks restores Violante Siries Madonna</a>, Photo by Francesco Cacchiani, via Advancing Women Artists</figcaption></figure> <p> </p> <p>Philanthropist Jane Fortune’s discovery of nun and religious painter Plautilla Nelli (1524-1588), and her subsequent dismay over the poor condition of her surviving works, inspired her to found AWA. The foundation restored several of Nelli’s works and helped to carve out her rightful place in art history. Most significantly, AWA restored her large <i>Last Supper</i>, which is the earliest known example of a female artist’s interpretation of this complex and religiously significant subject.</p> <p> </p> <p>About 70 successful restorations later, most recently two large paintings by Violante Ferroni in the atrium of the hospital of San Giovanni di Dio, AWA disbanded in June 2021. However, its work and advocacy continue to have an impact. In fact, Save Venice, a group that has sponsored art restorations in Venice for the past fifty years, has just <a href="https://www.savevenice.org/project/save-venice-launches-women-artists-of-venice" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">announced</a> its intention to run a similar program.</p> <p> </p> <div><h2 style="padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:30px"><b>Historical Female Artists Today</b></h2></div> <figure id="attachment_49902" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-49902" style="margin:0 0 1rem 0" class="figure"><center><img class="figure-img img-fluid-vertical" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/edmonia-lewis-death-cleopatra-saam.jpg" alt="edmonia lewis death cleopatra saam" width="600" height="800" srcSet="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/edmonia-lewis-death-cleopatra-saam.jpg 900w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/edmonia-lewis-death-cleopatra-saam-225x300.jpg 225w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/edmonia-lewis-death-cleopatra-saam-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/edmonia-lewis-death-cleopatra-saam-150x200.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/edmonia-lewis-death-cleopatra-saam-300x400.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/edmonia-lewis-death-cleopatra-saam-600x800.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/edmonia-lewis-death-cleopatra-saam-696x928.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/edmonia-lewis-death-cleopatra-saam-315x420.jpg 315w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/edmonia-lewis-death-cleopatra-saam-630x840.jpg 630w"/></center><figcaption id="caption-attachment-49902" class="figure-caption"><a href="https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/death-cleopatra-33878" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><i>The Death of Cleopatra</i> by Edmonia Lewis</a>, 1876, via Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington D.C.</figcaption></figure> <p> </p> <p>It’s important to recognize the socially imposed limitations women have historically faced in becoming successful and recognized professional artists. However, there is now plenty of evidence to suggest that quite a few were able to rise above these challenges. It is no longer valid to say that there weren’t really any historical female artists, or that none achieved any mainstream success. It isn’t true that the only way to include historical female artists in art history and museums is to go far outside the conventional canon of media and styles.</p> <p> </p> <p>Historical female artists did make great work, completed important commissions and both participated in and influenced the wider art world. In fact, they did it as early as the 16th century. For obvious reasons of opportunity and the limitations of social conventions, we are never going to find as many top-notch historical female artists, or even historical female artists of any rank, as male ones. However, we are discovering quite a few who can easily fit onto any list of great artists. There are quality examples of women working in nearly any artistic style you might enjoy. Finding them is getting easier every day.</p> </article><div class="citeContainer"><button class="citeBox"><span class="citeLabel">Cite this Article</span><img src="/images/double-quotes.png" style="height:25px;width:25px;left:2px;bottom:15px;position:relative" alt="Double Quotes"/></button></div></div><div class="readnext-card"><a class="text-dark" href="/who-was-edmonia-lewis/"><h2 class="font-weight-bold">READ NEXT:</h2><p class="font-italic">Who Was Edmonia Lewis?</p></a></div><div class="sharing bottom"><a class="sharing-btn btn-facebook" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.thecollector.com/historical-female-artists-exhibitions-auctions&src=sdkpreparse"><i class="fab fa-facebook"></i><span class="text">Share</span></a><a class="sharing-btn btn-twitter" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Female Artists in the Spotlight: Exhibitions, Auctions, and More&url=https://www.thecollector.com/historical-female-artists-exhibitions-auctions"><i class="fab fa-twitter"></i><span class="text">Tweet</span></a><a class="sharing-btn btn-linkedIn" target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.thecollector.com/historical-female-artists-exhibitions-auctions&title=Female Artists in the Spotlight: Exhibitions, Auctions, and More&source=thecollector.com&summary=There has long been a popular misconception that historical female artists did not exist in any meaningful way. 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style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;padding-top:57.666666666666664%"></span><img alt="Paintings by Artemisia Gentileschi" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="responsive" class="figure-img img-fluid" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="Paintings by Artemisia Gentileschi" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="responsive" 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style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;padding-top:57.666666666666664%"></span><img alt="women artists who achieved greatness" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="responsive" class="figure-img img-fluid" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="women artists who achieved greatness" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="responsive" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="figure-img img-fluid" src="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-who-achieved-greatness-768x442.jpg"/></noscript></span></a><h5 class="mb-2"><a href="/women-artists-who-achieved-greatness/" class="text-dark">10 Women Artists Who Achieved Greatness</a></h5></div><div class="mb-3 align-items-center c c1"><a href="/renaissance-women-italy-extraordinary-artists/" aria-label="The Renaissance Women of Italy: 10 Extraordinary Artists"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;padding-top:57.666666666666664%"></span><img alt="renaissance women italy extraordinary artists" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="responsive" class="figure-img img-fluid" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="renaissance women italy extraordinary artists" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="responsive" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="figure-img img-fluid" src="https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/renaissance-women-italy-extraordinary-artists-768x442.jpg"/></noscript></span></a><h5 class="mb-2"><a href="/renaissance-women-italy-extraordinary-artists/" class="text-dark">The Renaissance Women of Italy: 10 Extraordinary Artists</a></h5></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer><div class="fotter bg-dark no-mobile-menu"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-3"><span> <span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" 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Exclusively authored by academics. Trusted by scholars & classrooms.","email":"hello@thecollector.com","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"102-7575 Trans-Canada Highway","addressLocality":"Saint-Laurent","addressCountry":"Canada","addressRegion":"Quebec","postalCode":"H4T 1V6"}}</script><script src="/js/gtagcommon.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/js/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/js/tcgabounce.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/js/functions.js" type="text/javascript"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/newsletter.css"/><script> gtag('config', 'G-K91S7RQGQ2', { 'content_group': 'Artists', 'author': 'Alexandra Kiely', 'datePublished': '2022-02-01T18:00:16', 'dateModified': '2024-10-15T09:26:16' }); </script></footer></div></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"slug":"historical-female-artists-exhibitions-auctions","categories":[],"topics":[{"name":"Literature","slug":"literature","description":"Explore the vast world of literature, where timeless tales and contemporary narratives intertwine into character-driven dramas across cultures and epochs.\r\n\r\n\u0026nbsp;"},{"name":"Military History","slug":"military-history","description":"Discover the annals of military history and revolutions, exploring pivotal battles, strategies, and uprisings that defined eras and redrawn borders."},{"name":"Mythology","slug":"mythology","description":"Discover the realm of mythology, where ancient legends and timeless tales shaped civilizations across cultures and millennia.\r\n\r\n\u0026nbsp;\r\n\r\n\u0026nbsp;"},{"name":"Native American","slug":"native-american-history","description":"Explore the stories, struggles, and triumphs of indigenous peoples whose profound connection to the land has shaped the cultural landscape of the Americas."},{"name":"Politics","slug":"politics","description":"Explore the history of politics, where power, ideology, and leadership defined the strategies that shaped nations and civilizations across the ages."},{"name":"Women’s History","slug":"womens-history","description":"We celebrate the resilient and revolutionary women who've shaped our world. Discover the stories and legacies of female visionaries, artists, and leaders."}],"preview":false,"post":{"databaseId":49899,"title":"Female Artists in the Spotlight: Exhibitions, Auctions, and More","subtitle":"There has long been a popular misconception that historical female artists did not exist in any meaningful way. Now, we are (belatedly) realizing that this simply isn’t true.","excerpt":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; In the past, historical female painters, sculptors, and printmakers rarely appeared in museums, college courses, or art history books. However, recent scholarship on historical female artists, an increasingly popular field of study, has challenged these assumptions and led to a re-assessment of how women fit into the art historical conversation. It turns out that [\u0026hellip;]\u003c/p\u003e\n","slug":"historical-female-artists-exhibitions-auctions","status":"publish","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-49900\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/famous-historical-female-artists.jpg\" alt=\"famous historical female artists\" width=\"1200\" height=\"690\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/famous-historical-female-artists.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/famous-historical-female-artists-300x173.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/famous-historical-female-artists-1024x589.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/famous-historical-female-artists-768x442.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/famous-historical-female-artists-150x86.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/famous-historical-female-artists-600x345.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/famous-historical-female-artists-696x400.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/famous-historical-female-artists-1068x614.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/famous-historical-female-artists-730x420.jpg 730w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" /\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the past, historical female painters, sculptors, and printmakers rarely appeared in museums, college courses, or art history books. However, recent scholarship on \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/who-was-edmonia-lewis/\"\u003ehistorical female artists\u003c/a\u003e, an increasingly popular field of study, has challenged these assumptions and led to a re-assessment of how women fit into the art historical conversation. It turns out that there have been more, and more significant, female artists than we knew. Research projects are uncovering forgotten artworks languishing in storage, re-attributing works mistakenly given to male artists, redefining what we know about careers, and even resurrecting once-successful artists entirely missing from the history books.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eRediscovering Female Artists\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49908\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49908\" style=\"width: 614px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-49908\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa.jpg\" alt=\"sofonisba anguissola self portrait mfa\" width=\"614\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa.jpg 921w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa-230x300.jpg 230w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa-786x1024.jpg 786w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa-768x1001.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa-150x195.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa-300x391.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa-600x782.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa-696x907.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa-322x420.jpg 322w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/sofonisba-anguissola-self-portrait-mfa-645x840.jpg 645w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-49908\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://collections.mfa.org/objects/33656\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eSelf-Portrait\u003c/i\u003e by Sofonisba Anguissola\u003c/a\u003e, c. 1556, via Museum of Fine Arts, Boston\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2019, conservators at London’s Simon Gillespie Studios found \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/artemisia-gentileschi-the-me-too-painter-of-the-renaissance/\"\u003eArtemisia Gentileschi\u003c/a\u003e’s signature on a \u003ci\u003eDavid and Goliath\u003c/i\u003e painting that had previously been attributed to a male artist. Three major museums held much-talked-about solo exhibitions of historical \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/women-artists-who-achieved-greatness/\"\u003efemale artists\u003c/a\u003e. Researchers resurrected the career of \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/renaissance-women-italy-extraordinary-artists/\"\u003eFlorence nun and painter Plautilla Nelli\u003c/a\u003e, as well as numerous others. Scholars have recently published new volumes on Baroque prodigy Sofonisba Anguissola and \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/who-was-rosalba-carriera/\"\u003eVenetian portraitist Rosalba Carriera\u003c/a\u003e. They have also recognized \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/famous-women-still-life-painters/\"\u003eGiovanna Garzoni\u003c/a\u003e and Fede Galizia for their prominent \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/women-artists-still-life-painters/\"\u003eroles in Italian still-life painting\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWriters and illustrators collaborated on graphic novels about African-American sculptor \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/sculptures-that-defined-edmonia-lewis-legacy/\"\u003eEdmonia Lewis\u003c/a\u003e (\u003ci\u003eSeen: Edmonia Lewis\u003c/i\u003e) and Japanese contemporary artist \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/yayoi-kusama-the-infinity-artist/\"\u003eYayoi Kusama\u003c/a\u003e (\u003ci\u003eKusama: The Graphic Novel\u003c/i\u003e). New biographies of female artists, from well-known to obscure, abound. While gender parity in the art world is still, unfortunately, some way off, there’s no question that historical female artists are enjoying prominence like never before.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eWomen Artists in Museums \u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49906\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49906\" style=\"width: 999px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-49906\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met.jpg\" alt=\"maddalena orsola caccia still life met\" width=\"999\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met-300x240.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met-1024x820.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met-768x615.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met-150x120.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met-600x481.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met-696x557.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met-1068x855.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met-524x420.jpg 524w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/maddalena-orsola-caccia-still-life-met-1049x840.jpg 1049w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 999px) 100vw, 999px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-49906\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/816523\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eFruit and Flowers\u003c/i\u003e by Maddalena Orsola Caccia\u003c/a\u003e, c. 1630, via The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDespite the pandemic, 2020 was a surprisingly good year for historical female artists. To honor the centennial of the 19th Amendment which gave American women the right to vote, the Baltimore Museum of Art in Maryland pledged to purchase only works by women in 2020. Most of Baltimore\u0026#8217;s \u003ca href=\"https://hyperallergic.com/611583/the-baltimore-museum-of-art-concludes-a-year-of-collecting-work-by-only-women-artists/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003e53 acquisitions\u003c/a\u003e were contemporary, but numerous other museums have begun to acquire and display more works by female artists of all time periods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Frick Collection received gifts of artworks by women. The Met acquired three by Italian nun and painter Maddalena Orsola Caccia. Two of them, a pair of silhouette-like still lifes, now appear in the recently-rehung Old Masters galleries. Caccia has been little known up until now, but her inclusion in such a major museum will surely change that.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAround the same time, the nearby Frick Collection received two pastel portraits by Venetian artist Rosalba Carriera. Carriera is also the subject of a new book. Angela Oberer’s \u003ci\u003eThe Life and Work of Rosalba Carriera (1673-1757): The Queen of Pastel\u003c/i\u003e (Amsterdam University Press, 2020) is the first-ever volume on Carriera to be published in English. The Frick’s two new works by Carriera appear for the first time in the museum’s temporary installation in the Breuer Building on Madison Avenue. In honor of their debut, the Frick featured its two new pastels on the \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/Pjk0df1g_1c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eMarch 26, 2021 episode\u003c/a\u003e of the museum’s wildly popular YouTube series \u003ci\u003eCocktails with a Curator.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49905\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49905\" style=\"width: 579px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-49905\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum.jpg\" alt=\"judith leyster serenade rijksmuseum\" width=\"579\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum.jpg 869w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum-217x300.jpg 217w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum-742x1024.jpg 742w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum-768x1061.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum-150x207.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum-300x414.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum-600x829.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum-696x961.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum-304x420.jpg 304w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/judith-leyster-serenade-rijksmuseum-608x840.jpg 608w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 579px) 100vw, 579px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-49905\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/SK-A-2326\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Serenade\u003c/i\u003e by Judith Leyster\u003c/a\u003e, 1629, via Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam’s celebrated Rijksmuseum \u003ca href=\"https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/press/press-releases/rijksmuseum-presents-women-artists-in-the-gallery-of-honour-for-the-first-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eannounced\u003c/a\u003e earlier this year that it will add works by 17th-century \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/famous-dutch-artists/\"\u003eDutch\u003c/a\u003e artists Judith Leyster, Gesina ter Borch, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/rachel-ruysch-famous-still-life-painter/\"\u003eRachel Ruysch\u003c/a\u003e to its Gallery of Honor, home to long-celebrated masterworks by the likes of Vermeer and Rembrandt. These are not new acquisitions. Ruysch’s \u003ci\u003eStill Life with Flowers in a Glass Vase\u003c/i\u003e entered the Rijksmuseum’s collection all the way back in 1814, and Leyster’s \u003ci\u003eThe Serenade\u003c/i\u003e joined it in 1908. Their display might be belated, but its significance cannot be overstated. Every time a museum chooses to include a female artist in its galleries, whether in the permanent collection or as part of a special exhibition, it not only introduces artists and their work to the museum-going public but it also makes convincing arguments for these women’s place in art history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eExhibitions\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49901\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49901\" style=\"width: 770px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-49901\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng.jpg\" alt=\"artemisia gentileschi saint catherine ng\" width=\"770\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng.jpg 1155w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng-289x300.jpg 289w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng-986x1024.jpg 986w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng-768x798.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng-150x156.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng-300x312.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng-600x623.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng-696x723.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng-1068x1110.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng-404x420.jpg 404w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/artemisia-gentileschi-saint-catherine-ng-809x840.jpg 809w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-49901\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/artemisia-gentileschi-self-portrait-as-saint-catherine-of-alexandria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eSelf-Portrait as Saint Catherine of Alexandria\u003c/i\u003e by Artemisia Gentileschi\u003c/a\u003e, c. 1615-7, via National Gallery, London\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles purchased Artemisia Gentileschi’s \u003ci\u003eLucretia\u003c/i\u003e in March 2021. However, it was the acquisition of another Artemisia painting, \u003ci\u003eSelf-Portrait as Saint Catherine of Alexandria\u003c/i\u003e, by London’s National Gallery in 2018 that inspired one of the 2020s most talked-about exhibitions. \u003ci\u003eArtemisia\u003c/i\u003e was the artist’s first major show in the United Kingdom, and it included works from collections all over the world. Despite being delayed due to the pandemic, the Artemisia exhibition opened in late 2020 to great acclaim. Through the exhibition and catalog, curator Letizia Treves helped promote the view that Gentileschi’s art is worthy of its own attention and should not be overshadowed by the story of her rape trial.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49904\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49904\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49904\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/hilma-af-klint-guggenheim-exhibition.jpg\" alt=\"hilma af klint guggenheim exhibition\" width=\"1200\" height=\"754\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/hilma-af-klint-guggenheim-exhibition.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/hilma-af-klint-guggenheim-exhibition-300x189.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/hilma-af-klint-guggenheim-exhibition-1024x643.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/hilma-af-klint-guggenheim-exhibition-768x483.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/hilma-af-klint-guggenheim-exhibition-150x94.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/hilma-af-klint-guggenheim-exhibition-600x377.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/hilma-af-klint-guggenheim-exhibition-696x437.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/hilma-af-klint-guggenheim-exhibition-1068x671.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/hilma-af-klint-guggenheim-exhibition-668x420.jpg 668w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-49904\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.guggenheim.org/press-release/guggenheim-museum-presents-hilma-af-klint-paintings-for-the-future\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eInstallation view\u003c/a\u003e of \u003ci\u003eHilma af Klint: Paintings for the Future\u003c/i\u003e at the Guggenheim, 2018-19, via Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGentileschi was already well known, no doubt in large part because of the dramatic details of her life. The subjects of two other recent critical and popular hits, on the other hand, may have been less familiar to most viewers. These were 20th-century figurative painter Alice Neel, subject of the Met’s 2021 retrospective \u003ci\u003eAlice Neel: People Come First\u003c/i\u003e, and spiritual abstract painter \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/how-occultism-spiritualism-inspired-hilma-af-klint-paintings/\"\u003eHilma af Klint\u003c/a\u003e in the Guggenheim’s 2018-19 \u003ci\u003eHilma af Klint: Paintings for the Future\u003c/i\u003e. Klint was meant to have another exhibition in Australia earlier this year, which did not get to open due to the pandemic. There is still hope for the New Zealand leg of its agenda.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMany more exhibitions featuring historical female artists are scheduled to take place in the near future, pandemic permitting. For example, the Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford, Connecticut recently opened \u003ci\u003eBy Her Hand: Artemisia Gentileschi and Women Artists of Italy, 1500-1800\u003c/i\u003e. The exhibition includes another recently-rediscovered Artemisia painting, \u003ci\u003eMary Magdalen in Ecstasy\u003c/i\u003e, alongside other works by Artemisia, Sofonisba Anguissola, Rosalba Carriera, and others.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll-Female Art Auctions\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49903\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49903\" style=\"width: 1146px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-49903\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s.jpg\" alt=\"fede galizia still life sotheby s\" width=\"1146\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s-300x210.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s-1024x715.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s-768x536.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s-150x105.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s-600x419.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s-696x486.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s-1068x746.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s-601x420.jpg 601w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s-100x70.jpg 100w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/fede-galizia-still-life-sotheby_s-200x140.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1146px) 100vw, 1146px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-49903\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2019/master-paintings-evening-n10007/lot.42.html?locale=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eA Glass Compote with Peaches, Jasmine Flowers, Quinces, and a Grasshopper\u003c/i\u003e by Fede Galizia\u003c/a\u003e, via Sotheby’s\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEven auction houses are starting to highlight female artists. So far in 2021, both Sotheby’s and Christie’s have curated entire sales of works by diverse female artists. Sotheby’s held \u003ca href=\"https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2021/women-artists\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003e\u003ci\u003e(Women) Artists\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/a\u003e in London on May 27, 2021, which featured 57 artworks from the 16th-century to the present. Christie’s had \u003ca href=\"https://www.salonprivemag.com/christies-women-in-art-sale/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eWomen in art\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/a\u003e in Paris on June 11, 2021, which included letters and manuscripts by George Sand, Edith Piaf, and Marie Curie in addition to artworks by 18th through 20th-century female artists and designers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEven as early as 2019, Sotheby’s was promoting \u003ca href=\"https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/masterworks-by-trailblazing-female-artists-spanning-the-16th-through-the-19th-centuries?locale=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eThe Female Triumphant\u003c/a\u003e, a grouping of works by historical women within the January 30 Old Masters sale in New York. This event included a mixture of relative stars and lesser-known names: Angelica Kaufman, Artemisia Gentileschi, Elizabeth Vigée-le-Brun, Giulia Lama, \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/women-portraitist-renaissance/\"\u003eMichaelina Wautier\u003c/a\u003e, Marie-Victoire Lemoine, and Fede Galizia. It is unclear whether such sales and promotional efforts actually increase the prices female artists achieve at auction, but they certainly point to collectors’ increased interest in purchasing works by these artists.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eRestoration\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49907\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49907\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49907\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/plautilla-nelli-last-supper-awa.jpg\" alt=\"plautilla nelli last supper awa\" width=\"1200\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/plautilla-nelli-last-supper-awa.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/plautilla-nelli-last-supper-awa-300x96.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/plautilla-nelli-last-supper-awa-1024x328.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/plautilla-nelli-last-supper-awa-768x246.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/plautilla-nelli-last-supper-awa-150x48.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/plautilla-nelli-last-supper-awa-600x192.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/plautilla-nelli-last-supper-awa-696x223.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/plautilla-nelli-last-supper-awa-1068x342.jpg 1068w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-49907\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://advancingwomenartists.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eLast Supper\u003c/i\u003e by Plautilla Nelli\u003c/a\u003e, c.1568. Santa Maria Novella Museum in Florence, via Advancing Women Artists\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMany of the past few years’ headlines about female artists have stemmed from an Italian group dedicated to art conservation. The \u003ca href=\"http://advancingwomenartists.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eAdvancing Women Artists Foundation\u003c/a\u003e (AWA) worked for over a decade to bring the historical women artists of artistically rich Florence back to light through restoration efforts. At its inception, AWA leaders identified thousands of artworks by women artists in the storage rooms of Florentine museums. In many cases, the existence of these works was news to the museum curators responsible for them. Because AWA expressly aimed to get works by female artists into the public eye, any institution to benefit from its efforts had to promise to put the conserved work on permanent display afterward.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49909\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49909\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49909\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/violante-siries-madonna-awa.jpg\" alt=\"violante siries madonna awa\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/violante-siries-madonna-awa.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/violante-siries-madonna-awa-300x200.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/violante-siries-madonna-awa-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/violante-siries-madonna-awa-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/violante-siries-madonna-awa-150x100.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/violante-siries-madonna-awa-600x400.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/violante-siries-madonna-awa-696x464.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/violante-siries-madonna-awa-1068x712.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/violante-siries-madonna-awa-630x420.jpg 630w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-49909\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://advancingwomenartists.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eElizabeth Wicks restores Violante Siries Madonna\u003c/a\u003e, Photo by Francesco Cacchiani, via Advancing Women Artists\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhilanthropist Jane Fortune’s discovery of nun and religious painter Plautilla Nelli (1524-1588), and her subsequent dismay over the poor condition of her surviving works, inspired her to found AWA. The foundation restored several of Nelli’s works and helped to carve out her rightful place in art history. Most significantly, AWA restored her large \u003ci\u003eLast Supper\u003c/i\u003e, which is the earliest known example of a female artist’s interpretation of this complex and religiously significant subject.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbout 70 successful restorations later, most recently two large paintings by Violante Ferroni in the atrium of the hospital of San Giovanni di Dio, AWA disbanded in June 2021. However, its work and advocacy continue to have an impact. In fact, Save Venice, a group that has sponsored art restorations in Venice for the past fifty years, has just \u003ca href=\"https://www.savevenice.org/project/save-venice-launches-women-artists-of-venice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eannounced\u003c/a\u003e its intention to run a similar program.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eHistorical Female Artists Today\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49902\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49902\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-49902\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/edmonia-lewis-death-cleopatra-saam.jpg\" alt=\"edmonia lewis death cleopatra saam\" width=\"600\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/edmonia-lewis-death-cleopatra-saam.jpg 900w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/edmonia-lewis-death-cleopatra-saam-225x300.jpg 225w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/edmonia-lewis-death-cleopatra-saam-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/edmonia-lewis-death-cleopatra-saam-150x200.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/edmonia-lewis-death-cleopatra-saam-300x400.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/edmonia-lewis-death-cleopatra-saam-600x800.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/edmonia-lewis-death-cleopatra-saam-696x928.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/edmonia-lewis-death-cleopatra-saam-315x420.jpg 315w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/edmonia-lewis-death-cleopatra-saam-630x840.jpg 630w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-49902\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/death-cleopatra-33878\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Death of Cleopatra\u003c/i\u003e by Edmonia Lewis\u003c/a\u003e, 1876, via Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington D.C.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s important to recognize the socially imposed limitations women have historically faced in becoming successful and recognized professional artists. However, there is now plenty of evidence to suggest that quite a few were able to rise above these challenges. It is no longer valid to say that there weren’t really any historical female artists, or that none achieved any mainstream success. It isn’t true that the only way to include historical female artists in art history and museums is to go far outside the conventional canon of media and styles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHistorical female artists did make great work, completed important commissions and both participated in and influenced the wider art world. In fact, they did it as early as the 16th century. For obvious reasons of opportunity and the limitations of social conventions, we are never going to find as many top-notch historical female artists, or even historical female artists of any rank, as male ones. However, we are discovering quite a few who can easily fit onto any list of great artists. There are quality examples of women working in nearly any artistic style you might enjoy. Finding them is getting easier every day.\u003c/p\u003e\n","date":"2022-02-01T18:00:16","modified":"2024-10-15T09:26:16","featuredImage":{"node":{"sourceUrl":"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/famous-historical-female-artists.jpg","caption":"\u003cp\u003efamous historical female artists\u003c/p\u003e\n","altText":"famous historical female artists"}},"includeUpdated":{"articleUpdated":null,"includeVideoIcon":null,"includeTableContent":null},"author":{"node":{"name":"Alexandra Kiely","userId":237,"firstName":"Alexandra","lastName":"Kiely","nicename":null,"slug":"alexandra-kiely","description":"Alexandra is an art historian and writer from New Jersey. She holds a B.A. in Art History from Drew University, where she received the Stanley Prescott Hooper Memorial Prize in Art History. She wrote her honors thesis on the life and work of early-20th century art theorist Roger Fry. Her primary interests are American art, particularly 19th-century painting, and medieval European art and architecture. She runs her own website, A Scholarly Skater, is a regular contributor to DailyArt Magazine, and has written two online courses. Alexandra enjoys reading, ballroom dancing, and figure skating.","designation":"BA Art History (with honors)","avatar":{"url":"https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Alexandra-Kiely-author.jpg"}}},"categories":{"edges":[{"isPrimary":true,"node":{"name":"Artists","slug":"artists"}}]},"tags":{"edges":[{"node":{"name":"Advancing Women Artists."}},{"node":{"name":"Alice Neel"}},{"node":{"name":"Artemisia Gentileschi"}},{"node":{"name":"auctions"}},{"node":{"name":"Christie’s"}},{"node":{"name":"female artists"}},{"node":{"name":"Frick Collection"}},{"node":{"name":"Hilma af Klimt"}},{"node":{"name":"J. Paul Getty Museum"}},{"node":{"name":"Maddalena Orsola Caccia"}}]}},"internalSlugArray":[{"id":"cG9zdDo3MjUxMg==","title":"Who Was Edmonia Lewis?","subtitle":"Edmonia Lewis was an African American and Native American woman born in 1844 who paved the way for many women and BIPOC artists. ","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-72505\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/who-was-edmonia-lewis.jpg\" alt=\"who was edmonia lewis\" width=\"1200\" height=\"690\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/who-was-edmonia-lewis.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/who-was-edmonia-lewis-300x173.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/who-was-edmonia-lewis-1024x589.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/who-was-edmonia-lewis-768x442.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/who-was-edmonia-lewis-150x86.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/who-was-edmonia-lewis-600x345.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/who-was-edmonia-lewis-696x400.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/who-was-edmonia-lewis-1068x614.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/who-was-edmonia-lewis-730x420.jpg 730w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" /\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEdmonia Lewis was an African Native-American sculptor born in 1844 who lived in a time when being a woman and BIPOC artist in the United States was rare and challenging. Her parents died young and she became dependent on her aunts and her brother for support. Because of her brother’s financial success, she was able to attend college, only to be discriminated against as one of the few Black students. After making the decision to leave, or being kicked out as some presume, Lewis made the move to Rome to pursue sculpting. She faced less prejudice there and joined a community of other American artists. She became a familiar name in the art world, and although her popularity decreased later in her life, her legacy continues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eEarly Life of Edmonia Lewis\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72506\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-72506\" style=\"width: 373px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-72506\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/edmonia-lewis-stamp.jpg\" alt=\"edmonia lewis stamp\" width=\"373\" height=\"587\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/edmonia-lewis-stamp.jpg 373w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/edmonia-lewis-stamp-191x300.jpg 191w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/edmonia-lewis-stamp-150x236.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/edmonia-lewis-stamp-300x472.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/edmonia-lewis-stamp-267x420.jpg 267w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 373px) 100vw, 373px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-72506\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eEdmonia Lewis national stamp, via USPS\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMany details about \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/sculptures-that-defined-edmonia-lewis-legacy/\"\u003eEdmonia Lewis\u003c/a\u003e’ early life can’t be fully proven, due to a lack of records. Lewis herself might have provided ambiguous information, surrounding herself in mystery. She even intentionally stated her birth year to be either 1842, 1844, or 1854. Her confirmed date of birth is, however, around July 4, 1844. Greenbush, NY is believed to be her place of birth and she grew up primarily in Albany, with some stating that her early years were spent in Newark, NJ.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCatherine Mike Lewis was her mother, and she was African-Native American, of Mississauga Ojibwe, and of African American descent. She was a talented weaver and craftswoman. It’s unclear who her father was, but sources state that it was either the Afro-Haitian valet Samuel Lewis or the African-Native American writer Robert Benjamin Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShe became an orphan at an early age and lived with her two aunts with her half-brother Samuel near Niagara Falls, NY. This is where she was given the name \u003ci\u003eWildfire\u003c/i\u003e. During this time, she sold Ojibwe baskets, moccasins, and embroidered blouses to tourists with her aunts. Her brother had built a solid financial foundation after moving to California and following the \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/california-gold-rush-the-sydney-ducks-in-san-francisco/\"\u003eCalifornia gold rush\u003c/a\u003e. The economic success Samuel achieved allowed her to enroll in a pre-college program in 1856 at New York Central College, a Baptist abolitionist school. At about 15 years old, she attended Oberlin Academy Preparatory School and Oberlin College three years later. Oberlin was one of the first universities to allow \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/historical-female-artists-exhibitions-auctions/\"\u003ewomen\u003c/a\u003e and people of color to attend.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eRacism at School and Beginnings as a Sculptor \u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72508\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-72508\" style=\"width: 813px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-72508\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/portrait-edmonia-lewis.jpg\" alt=\"portrait edmonia lewis\" width=\"813\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/portrait-edmonia-lewis.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/portrait-edmonia-lewis-300x295.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/portrait-edmonia-lewis-1024x1008.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/portrait-edmonia-lewis-768x756.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/portrait-edmonia-lewis-150x148.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/portrait-edmonia-lewis-600x590.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/portrait-edmonia-lewis-696x685.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/portrait-edmonia-lewis-427x420.jpg 427w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/portrait-edmonia-lewis-854x840.jpg 854w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 813px) 100vw, 813px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-72508\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003ePortrait of Edmonia Lewis (1845-1907), via Harvard Imaging Dept.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs one of only thirty students of color, Lewis experienced daily racism and discrimination. In 1862, she was accused of poisoning two of her classmates and was horribly beaten in a field by white vigilantes because of the incident. However, charges were dropped because no poison was found in the victims’ bodies. She had been thriving in arts and excelling in drawing. However, her experience after this unjust treatment was defined by isolation due to prejudice. A year after being falsely targeted, she was accused of stealing the college’s art supplies. The evidence shows that Lewis either left on her own accord or was banished from enrolling right before graduation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter this tragic period of time, she moved to Boston in 1864 with the help of her brother and began training under the sculptor Edward Brackett, introduced to her by the abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison. Three other male sculptors rejected her as a student before Brackett agreed to work with her. One of his methods of instruction included providing her with fragments of sculptures that she would need to replicate in clay. She began to create her own sculpting tools and sold her first piece of a woman’s hand. In 1864, she organized her first solo exhibition in her studio.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72509\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-72509\" style=\"width: 689px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-72509\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-colonel-shaw.jpg\" alt=\"lewis colonel shaw\" width=\"689\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-colonel-shaw.jpg 933w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-colonel-shaw-258x300.jpg 258w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-colonel-shaw-881x1024.jpg 881w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-colonel-shaw-768x892.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-colonel-shaw-150x174.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-colonel-shaw-300x349.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-colonel-shaw-600x697.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-colonel-shaw-696x809.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-colonel-shaw-361x420.jpg 361w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-colonel-shaw-723x840.jpg 723w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 689px) 100vw, 689px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-72509\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eRobert Gould Shaw by Edmonia Lewis, 1864, via Google Arts and Culture\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShe took inspiration from abolitionists and Civil War heroes such as John Brown and Colonel Robert Gould Shaw. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/gian-lorenzo-bernini/\"\u003ebust\u003c/a\u003e she sculpted of the commander was bought by the Shaw family. Lewis became a popular figure for significant abolitionist women in Boston and NY that they liked to interview or write about. Articles about her could be found in abolitionist journals like \u003ci\u003eBroken Fetter, \u003c/i\u003ethe \u003ci\u003eChristian Register\u003c/i\u003e, and the \u003ci\u003eIndependent\u003c/i\u003e. Although she didn’t mind the exposure, she disliked the fact that some journalists were taking advantage of her in order to prove that they believed in human rights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eEdmonia’s Life in Rome\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72510\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-72510\" style=\"width: 518px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-72510\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/edmonia-lewis-hagar.jpg\" alt=\"edmonia lewis hagar\" width=\"518\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/edmonia-lewis-hagar.jpg 777w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/edmonia-lewis-hagar-194x300.jpg 194w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/edmonia-lewis-hagar-663x1024.jpg 663w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/edmonia-lewis-hagar-768x1186.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/edmonia-lewis-hagar-150x232.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/edmonia-lewis-hagar-300x463.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/edmonia-lewis-hagar-600x927.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/edmonia-lewis-hagar-696x1075.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/edmonia-lewis-hagar-272x420.jpg 272w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/edmonia-lewis-hagar-544x840.jpg 544w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 518px) 100vw, 518px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-72510\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eHagar by Edmonia Lewis, 1875, via Smithsonian magazine\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith the money she made from sculpting busts of famous abolitionists, \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/great-women-sculptors/\"\u003eEdmonia\u003c/a\u003e traveled to London, Paris, and Florence. She eventually moved to Rome in 1866. Sculptor Hiram Powers provided her space in his studio. She also ended up using the former studio of the famous Italian sculptor Antonio Canova. She joined a flourishing community of American artists and got in touch with other sculptors like Harriet Hosmer. Boston actress Charlotte Cushman and the abolitionist Maria Weston Chapman. In Rome, she stated that she found a social atmosphere where she was not constantly reminded of her race. In her words, \u003ci\u003ethe land of liberty had no room for a colored sculptor\u003c/i\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eItaly was a less racist environment where Lewis could thrive as a Black artist. Even her Catholic faith was more accepted there. She began working with marble in a neoclassical style, focusing on African American and Native American people dressed in non-contemporary robes. Traditionally, Italian sculptors would be hired to wax models in marble for artists, but Lewis demanded she does all the work herself. It was typical for female sculptors to be looked down upon by men for allegedly not creating their work themselves. She took a part in the process of transferring plaster models to finished marble because of financial reasons, but she also wanted the empowerment of producing her own work as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/19th-century-female-artists/\"\u003ewoman\u003c/a\u003e in a male-dominated field.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eEdmonia’s Cleopatra\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72511\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-72511\" style=\"width: 533px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-72511\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-death-of-cleopatra.jpg\" alt=\"lewis the death of cleopatra\" width=\"533\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-death-of-cleopatra.jpg 800w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-death-of-cleopatra-200x300.jpg 200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-death-of-cleopatra-683x1024.jpg 683w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-death-of-cleopatra-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-death-of-cleopatra-150x225.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-death-of-cleopatra-300x450.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-death-of-cleopatra-600x900.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-death-of-cleopatra-696x1044.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-death-of-cleopatra-280x420.jpg 280w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-death-of-cleopatra-560x840.jpg 560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-72511\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eThe Death of Cleopatra by Edmonia Lewis, 1876 via Wikipedia\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the best-known pieces by Edmonia Lewis is the 3,015-pound marble sculpture called \u003ci\u003eThe Death of Cleopatra\u003c/i\u003e. The piece was shown at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. Cleopatra had been represented many times in art, while death was often portrayed in a clean, stylized Victorian way. However, Lewis controversially sculpted a more explicit, messier version of death that the public was not used to seeing. Many were shocked by Lewis’ depiction of such a recognizable figure and thousands of people visited the exhibition in order to see the spectacle with their own eyes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne interpretation of T\u003ci\u003ehe Death of Cleopatra\u003c/i\u003e states that Lewis produced the piece in direct response to what the Centennial Exposition stood for. The first official world fair was made to celebrate one hundred years of the country being unified in freedom and the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Lewis seems to have subtly referenced emancipation. Even though the piece was widely admired and praised for the brave way of depicting Cleopatra’s death, the sculpture was lost for an extended period of time. Finally, in 1994, it was donated to the Smithsonian American Art Museum, damaged from years of negligence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eEdmonia Lewis’ Later Years\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72507\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-72507\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-72507\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-old-arrow-maker.jpg\" alt=\"lewis the old arrow maker\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-old-arrow-maker.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-old-arrow-maker-300x200.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-old-arrow-maker-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-old-arrow-maker-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-old-arrow-maker-150x100.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-old-arrow-maker-600x400.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-old-arrow-maker-696x464.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-old-arrow-maker-1068x712.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/lewis-the-old-arrow-maker-630x420.jpg 630w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-72507\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eThe Old Arrow Maker by Edmonia Lewis, 1872, via Minneapolis Institute of Art\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEdmonia Lewis was always taking initiative. She created sculptures preemptively without commissions and sent unsolicited pieces to patrons asking to have funds raised for materials and shipping. Her motivation and determination led to commissions offering up to $50,000 in payment. Tourists would travel to come and see her studio. Her name became very well-known during her lifetime. Lewis even received opportunities to create a bust of former U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant in 1877 and abolitionist senator Charles Sumner in 1895.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHer popularity decreased during the late 1880s as \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/12-things-to-know-of-the-neoclassicism-movement/\"\u003eNeoclassicism\u003c/a\u003e lost its major following. She passed away in 1907 in London, where she moved in 1901. Before moving to London, Lewis lived in Paris from 1896 to 1901. Not much is known about her later years. Some even question whether she died in London, thinking that she might have died in Rome or California. It’s believed that she worked as a sculptor until the end of her life, creating marble altarpieces and busts influenced by \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/saint-augustine-the-doctor-of-catholicism/\"\u003eCatholicism\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLewis primarily sculptured white, European figures to avoid her work being defined as self-portraits by her mainly white audience. She had to stay conscious about how her identity was being viewed by the public and the ease at which her artwork could be misinterpreted. Lewis is considered the first African-Native American sculptor ever to be globally recognized within Western art history. The fact that she was commissioned to create works for the white aristocratic community was a major accomplishment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough she’s not as widely known today as other artists, her influence still lives on. Her works are showcased in famous museums like the Howard University Gallery of Art, the Detroit Institute of Arts, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, and the Baltimore Museum of Art.\u003c/p\u003e\n","slug":"who-was-edmonia-lewis","uri":"/who-was-edmonia-lewis/","featuredImage":{"node":{"sourceUrl":"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/who-was-edmonia-lewis-768x442.jpg","altText":"who was edmonia lewis"}},"includeUpdated":{"articleUpdated":null,"includeVideoIcon":null,"includeTableContent":null},"author":{"node":{"name":"Susanna Andrews","userId":321,"firstName":"Susanna","lastName":"Andrews","nicename":null,"slug":"susanna-andrews","description":"Susanna is an artist passionate about generating concepts for creative writing pieces and short films. During this process, she loves to research topics related to art history and philosophy to inform her ideas. She graduated from the University of Washington with a BA in Interdisciplinary Arts and lives in Southern California.","designation":"BA Interdisciplinary Arts","avatar":{"url":"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Susanna-Andrews-author-150x150.jpg"}}},"categories":{"edges":[{"node":{"name":"Artists","slug":"artists"}}]}},{"id":"cG9zdDo2NTI4","title":"Artemisia Gentileschi: Bio, Famous Works, \u0026 Legacy","subtitle":"Who was Artemisia Gentileschi, the MeToo painter of tte Rennaissance?","content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28007\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28007\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-28007 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10-1.jpg\" alt=\"Paintings by Artemisia Gentileschi\" width=\"1200\" height=\"690\" srcset=\"https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10-1.jpg 1200w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10-1-300x173.jpg 300w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10-1-1024x589.jpg 1024w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10-1-768x442.jpg 768w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10-1-150x86.jpg 150w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10-1-600x345.jpg 600w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10-1-696x400.jpg 696w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10-1-1068x614.jpg 1068w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10-1-730x420.jpg 730w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-28007\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eSusanna and the Elders and Self-Portrait as the Allegory of Painting, Artemisia Gentileschi\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c0\"\u003eArtemisia Gentileschi (1593-c.1652) was one of the most talented and adaptable Baroque painters of her time. Not only was she excellent at painting emotional scenes, but she was also the first woman accepted into the Florentine Academy of Fine Arts. On top of that, she worked with \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/8-intriguing-facts-to-know-about-caravaggio/\"\u003eCaravaggio\u003c/a\u003e as his only female pupil. Yet, \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/artemisia-gentileschi-feminist-paintings/\"\u003eArtemisia\u003c/a\u003e was forgotten for centuries.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"c6\"\u003eIn 1915, Italian art historian Robert Longhi published an article, \u003cspan class=\"c3 c5\"\u003eGentileschi, padre e figlia\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c5\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c0\"\u003e(Gentileschi, father and daughter). It was speculated that people were misattributing her work as her father’s, but Longhi highlighted which were her own. He also helped retell her difficult story to the public. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c0\"\u003eSee, part of what makes her art so poignant are its themes of sexual assault and assertive women. She drew from her own experiences as a woman in Renaissance Italy. Perhaps the most defining one was that in 1612, she was raped by her art teacher. Her father tried the rapist in court, making the scandal public.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c12\"\u003eA Tricky Trial\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16273\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16273\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-16273 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image3-10.jpg\" alt=\"Judith and her Maidservant, painting by Artemisia Gentileschi, 1613\" width=\"500\" height=\"610\" srcset=\"https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image3-10.jpg 500w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image3-10-246x300.jpg 246w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image3-10-364x444.jpg 364w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image3-10-313x382.jpg 313w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16273\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eJudith and her Maidservant\u003c/em\u003e, painting by Artemisia Gentileschi, 1613\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c0\"\u003eFor review, Gentileschi was the daughter of respected painter, Orazio Gentileschi. He saw his daughter’s talent early on, and hired landscape painter Agostino Tassi to continue training her. But Tassi raped Artemisia when she was nineteen years old. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c0\"\u003eAt the time, a woman couldn’t file rape charges. So Orazio filed the charges for her. On top of that, women were expected to marry their rapists to preserve their purity and honor. So instead of filing charges of rape, the court had to charge Tassi for property damage.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c0\"\u003eArtemisia was physically and mentally picked apart to discover the truth. Midwives inspected her body in court to ensure that she was a virgin. She also had her thumbs pressed to test if she was telling the truth. Due to the patriarchal system in the Renaissance, many people accused her of being a whore, or impure. In the end, Tassi was arrested for two years. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c12\"\u003eHer Subsequent Success\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16272\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16272\" style=\"width: 502px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-16272 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image2-9.jpg\" alt=\"An Allegory of Peace and the Arts, 1635-38, Artemisia painted this in the Great Hall ceiling for the Queen's House Greenwich\" width=\"502\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image2-9.jpg 502w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image2-9-300x300.jpg 300w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image2-9-150x150.jpg 150w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image2-9-192x192.jpg 192w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image2-9-110x110.jpg 110w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image2-9-220x220.jpg 220w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image2-9-364x363.jpg 364w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image2-9-311x311.jpg 311w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image2-9-313x312.jpg 313w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16272\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eAn Allegory of Peace and the Arts, 1635-38, Artemisia painted this in the Great Hall ceiling for the Queen\u0026#8217;s House Greenwich\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c0\"\u003eThankfully, Artemisia did not stop the trial from propelling her success. She was accepted into the Florentine Academy of Fine Arts in 1616. Cosimo II, of \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/the-medici-family-legacy/\"\u003ethe Medici Family\u003c/a\u003e, quickly became one of her patrons. She made a friend in Galileo Galilei, who she once thanked for helping her secure payment for her work.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c0\"\u003eWithin her personal life, she had daughters with the husband she was married off to in Florence, Pietro Stiattesi. She eventually separated from her husband, and enjoyed a 40-year long career moving around cities and nations to meet commissions. Another one of her patrons was King Charles I of England, who commissioned her to paint his wife Queen Henrietta Maria’s ceiling in her Greenwich house.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c0\"\u003eAlthough she faced many trials as a woman, her sex did give her one small advantage. She was allowed to work with nude female models. Of course, not every painter cared about following these rules. For example, Caravaggio modeled his drawings after peasants and prostitutes. Nonetheless, she was capable of translating very honest, bold depictions of women onto canvas.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c12\"\u003eHer Most Powerful Paintings\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16275\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16275\" style=\"width: 658px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-16275\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image5-10.jpg\" alt=\"Judith Beheading Holofernes, painting by Artemisia Gentileschi, circa 1620 \" width=\"658\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image5-10.jpg 800w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image5-10-247x300.jpg 247w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image5-10-768x933.jpg 768w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image5-10-561x682.jpg 561w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image5-10-364x442.jpg 364w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image5-10-728x885.jpg 728w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image5-10-608x739.jpg 608w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image5-10-758x921.jpg 758w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image5-10-313x380.jpg 313w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 658px) 100vw, 658px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16275\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eJudith Beheading Holofernes\u003c/em\u003e, painting by Artemisia Gentileschi, circa 1620\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"c6\"\u003eScholars often compare this painting to \u003cspan class=\"c3\"\u003eCaravaggio’s rendition\u003c/span\u003e of the same scene, \u003cspan class=\"c5\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/judith-slaying-holofernes-art-depictions/\"\u003eJudith\u003c/a\u003e Beheading Holofernes \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c0\"\u003e(c. 1598-1599). The pieces are inspired by a Biblical story of Judith, a woman who saved her town during a siege by seducing the general Holofernes. After this, she severed his head, and used it as an example to drive the other soldiers to leave.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"c6\"\u003eBoth paintings are dramatic, but many see Artemisia’s rendition as more realistic. Caravaggio’s Judith appears to do the job in a clean swoop. Meanwhile, Artemisia’s Judith is struggling, but has a determined expression. Scholars and fans alike have speculated that Judith is \u003cspan class=\"c3\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"c9\" href=\"https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/baroque-italy/a/gentileschi-judith-slaying-holofernes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"\u003eArtemisia’s alter-ego\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c0\"\u003e; a symbol of her own fight against Tassi. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c8\"\u003eSusanna and the Elders, 1610\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16274\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16274\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-16274 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image4-10.jpg\" alt=\"Susanna and the Elders, painting by Artemisia Gentileschi, 1610\" width=\"500\" height=\"711\" srcset=\"https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image4-10.jpg 500w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image4-10-211x300.jpg 211w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image4-10-364x518.jpg 364w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image4-10-313x445.jpg 313w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16274\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSusanna and the Elders,\u003c/em\u003e painting by Artemisia Gentileschi, 1610\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c0\"\u003eArtemisia made this painting when she was 17, and it’s her earliest known work. People were already impressed at how well she showed female anatomy. As is common with \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/martyrdom-baroque-art/\"\u003eBaroque art\u003c/a\u003e, this story comes from the Bible.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c0\"\u003eSusanna, a young woman, went out to the gardens for a bath. Two older men found her and pried her for sexual favors, threatening to ruin her reputation if she disagreed. Upon denying them, they went through with their promise. But when a man named Daniel questioned their claims, they fell apart. Again, Artemisia portrayed a struggling, displeased women instead of a passive character in her story.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c8\"\u003eLucretia, circa 1623\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16277\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16277\" style=\"width: 748px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-16277\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image7-10.jpg\" alt=\"Lucretia, painting by Artemisia Gentileschi, circa 1623\" width=\"748\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image7-10.jpg 800w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image7-10-280x300.jpg 280w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image7-10-768x822.jpg 768w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image7-10-561x600.jpg 561w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image7-10-364x389.jpg 364w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image7-10-728x779.jpg 728w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image7-10-608x651.jpg 608w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image7-10-758x811.jpg 758w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image7-10-313x335.jpg 313w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 748px) 100vw, 748px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16277\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eLucretia, painting by Artemisia Gentileschi, circa 1623\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c0\"\u003eLucretia is a woman in Roman mythology who was raped by the King of Rome’s youngest son. She told her father and her husband, Roman commander Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, before killing herself at knife point. It’s said that citizens were so angry about this that they overthrew the Roman monarchy and turned it into a republic. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"c6\"\u003eMany view this painting as an example of women rebelling against tyranny. Some sources highlight that the painting doesn’t portray the assault, but \u003cspan class=\"c3\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"c9\" href=\"https://dc.uwm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1094\u0026amp;=\u0026amp;context=etd\u0026amp;=\u0026amp;sei-redir=1\u0026amp;referer=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.google.com%252Furl%253Fq%253Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fdc.uwm.edu%252Fcgi%252Fviewcontent.cgi%253Farticle%25253D1094%252526context%25253Detd%2526sa%253DD%2526ust%253D1569823271319000#search=%22https%3A%2F%2Fdc.uwm.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1094%26context%3Detd%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"\u003efocuses on the woman handling the aftermath\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e instead. This depiction encourages viewers not to glamorize assault, in contrast to some Renaissance art which shows \u003cspan class=\"c3\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"c9\" href=\"http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth200/Heroic_Rape.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"\u003erape in “heroic” contexts.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c8\"\u003eModern Controversies and Legacy\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16276\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16276\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16276\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image6-8.jpg\" alt=\"Gentileschi on display at the Rome Braschi Palace museum, courtesy of Andrew Medichini from the Chicago Sun Times\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image6-8.jpg 800w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image6-8-300x200.jpg 300w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image6-8-768x512.jpg 768w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image6-8-180x120.jpg 180w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image6-8-561x374.jpg 561w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image6-8-364x243.jpg 364w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image6-8-728x485.jpg 728w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image6-8-608x405.jpg 608w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image6-8-758x505.jpg 758w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image6-8-313x209.jpg 313w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16276\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGentileschi\u003c/em\u003e on display at the Rome Braschi Palace museum, courtesy of Andrew Medichini from the Chicago Sun Times\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"c6\"\u003eSome audiences still glamorize Artemisia’s story today. For example, the 1997 French-German-Italian film \u003cspan class=\"c5\"\u003eArtemisia \u003c/span\u003ewas controversial because in it, she falls in love with Tassi. Film director Agnes Merlet \u003cspan class=\"c3\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"c9\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/03/movies/drawn-to-a-story-of-art-and-rape.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"\u003eargued\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e that even if it’s clear there was an attack, she believes Artemisia loved him. Artemisia \u003cspan class=\"c5\"\u003edid \u003c/span\u003esay she \u003cspan class=\"c3\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"c9\" href=\"http://www.webwinds.com/artemisia/trial.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"\u003econsidered marrying him\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c0\"\u003e, but it’s possible she only thought this to save her honor. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"c6\"\u003eMore recently, the play \u003cspan class=\"c5\"\u003eArtemisia’s Intent \u003c/span\u003ewon the Best Solo Drama at the 2018 FRIGID Festival. It was partially inspired by the\u003cspan class=\"c5\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003eMe Too movement. In a way, you could say that Artemisia was ahead of her time because her work fits a modern cause. In fact, many people \u003cspan class=\"c3\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"c9\" href=\"https://qz.com/quartzy/1435632/metoo-is-giving-17th-century-artist-artemisia-gentileschi-her-due/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"\u003ereferenced her story\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c0\"\u003e when American Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh was accused of rape. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16271\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16271\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-16271 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10.jpg\" alt=\"Self-Portrait as the Allegory of Painting, Artemisia Gentileschi, circa 1638\" width=\"800\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10.jpg 800w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10-300x263.jpg 300w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10-768x672.jpg 768w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10-561x491.jpg 561w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10-364x319.jpg 364w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10-728x637.jpg 728w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10-608x532.jpg 608w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10-758x663.jpg 758w, https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10-313x274.jpg 313w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16271\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSelf-Portrait as \u003ca href=\"https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/self-portrait-as-the-allegory-of-painting-la-pittura/fAHok0QVLkyJXQ?hl=en\u0026amp;ms=%7B%22x%22%3A0.5%2C%22y%22%3A0.5%2C%22z%22%3A8.38675518916387%2C%22size%22%3A%7B%22width%22%3A3.031239369447541%2C%22height%22%3A1.237523926352961%7D%7D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"\u003ethe Allegory of Painting by\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/em\u003e Artemisia Gentileschi, circa 1638\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"c0\"\u003eArtemisia’s work was celebrated for its impressive realism and Baroque techniques. Today, she is not only recognized for her talent but as a woman who fought relentlessly against adversity and intimidation. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","slug":"artemisia-gentileschi-the-me-too-painter-of-the-renaissance","uri":"/artemisia-gentileschi-the-me-too-painter-of-the-renaissance/","featuredImage":{"node":{"sourceUrl":"https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/image1-10-1-768x442.jpg","altText":"Paintings by Artemisia Gentileschi"}},"includeUpdated":{"articleUpdated":null,"includeVideoIcon":null,"includeTableContent":null},"author":{"node":{"name":"Jacqueline Martinez","userId":5,"firstName":"Jacqueline","lastName":"Martinez","nicename":null,"slug":"jacqueline-martinez","description":"Jacqueline Martinez graduated with her BA in English (Writing \u0026amp; Rhetoric, to be fancy) in 2019. During her time in college, she worked in a Miami-based art gallery. She has attended major art fairs like Art Basel and Art Miami, recording new exhibitions and art trends in her articles. In 2018, she studied abroad in France, where she learned about art history in some of the world’s major museums. Since graduating, she has aimed to keep learning while passing on her experiences to those who are novices like she once was.","designation":"BA English Writing","avatar":{"url":"https://wp.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/jacqueline-martinez-110x110.jpg"}}},"categories":{"edges":[{"node":{"name":"Artists","slug":"artists"}}]}},{"id":"cG9zdDo4NjIzMA==","title":"10 Women Artists Who Achieved Greatness","subtitle":"Here are 10 famous women artists that you need to know.","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-86228\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-who-achieved-greatness.jpg\" alt=\"women artists who achieved greatness\" width=\"1200\" height=\"690\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-who-achieved-greatness.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-who-achieved-greatness-300x173.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-who-achieved-greatness-1024x589.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-who-achieved-greatness-768x442.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-who-achieved-greatness-150x86.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-who-achieved-greatness-600x345.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-who-achieved-greatness-696x400.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-who-achieved-greatness-1068x614.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-who-achieved-greatness-730x420.jpg 730w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" /\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDespite the fact that women were involved in the process of creating art from the dawn of humanity, the conversation on their true input started not so long ago. Feminist art historians of the 1970s began uncovering the forgotten or overlooked names in the history of art. Here are 10 fascinating women artists who left a lasting mark on history that you should definitely know.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e10. Remedios Varo (1908 \u0026#8211; 1963): The Almost Forgotten Woman Artist\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_86235\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-86235\" style=\"width: 1136px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-86235\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/varo-microcosmos-painting.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1136\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/varo-microcosmos-painting.jpg 1136w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/varo-microcosmos-painting-284x300.jpg 284w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/varo-microcosmos-painting-969x1024.jpg 969w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/varo-microcosmos-painting-768x811.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/varo-microcosmos-painting-150x158.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/varo-microcosmos-painting-300x317.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/varo-microcosmos-painting-600x634.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/varo-microcosmos-painting-696x735.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/varo-microcosmos-painting-1068x1128.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/varo-microcosmos-painting-398x420.jpg 398w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/varo-microcosmos-painting-795x840.jpg 795w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1136px) 100vw, 1136px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-86235\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eMicrocosmos by Remedios Varo, 1959, via Sotheby’s\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe name of the great Surrealist \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/remedios-varo-surrealist-painter/\"\u003eRemedios Varo\u003c/a\u003e has been known in Mexico for years, but it was ignored by the rest of the world until recent years. Varo worked in Spain and France, surrounded by the most influential Surrealists, but she struggled to make a living as an artist. She was a close friend of artists Leonora Carrington and Kati Horna. The trio made works in Surrealist fashion. They were commonly referred to as \u003ci\u003ethe three witches\u003c/i\u003e by their colleagues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuccess found her when she left Europe for Mexico when World War II started. Unlike other Surrealists who fled to Mexico, she never directly referenced Mexican art in her works but she was nonetheless interested in it. \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/remedios-varo-surrealist-artist-works-facts/\"\u003eVaro\u003c/a\u003e had a deep interest in \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/spiritual-alchemy-occult/\"\u003ealchemy\u003c/a\u003e and witchcraft, which helped her create magical compositions. However, her works are not only spiritual, they also make a place for irony and for political issues, mostly those concerning women.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e9. Meret Oppenheim (1913 \u0026#8211; 1985)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_86234\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-86234\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-86234\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/oppenheim-fur-gloves-sculpture.jpg\" alt=\"oppenheim fur gloves sculpture\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/oppenheim-fur-gloves-sculpture.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/oppenheim-fur-gloves-sculpture-300x169.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/oppenheim-fur-gloves-sculpture-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/oppenheim-fur-gloves-sculpture-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/oppenheim-fur-gloves-sculpture-150x84.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/oppenheim-fur-gloves-sculpture-600x338.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/oppenheim-fur-gloves-sculpture-696x392.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/oppenheim-fur-gloves-sculpture-1068x601.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/oppenheim-fur-gloves-sculpture-747x420.jpg 747w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-86234\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eFur Gloves with Wooden Fingers by Meret Oppenheim, 1936, via Financial Times\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe legendary artist Meret Oppenheim was a prominent member of the Surrealist movement. \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/surrealism-art-and-their-artists/\"\u003eSurrealists\u003c/a\u003e relied heavily upon psychoanalysis, but Oppenheim was one of the few who had real knowledge of the matter. Her father, an analyst, taught her Jung’s theories. Throughout her whole life, she kept a diary of her dreams and nightmares which fueled her artistic progress.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe oeuvre of Meret Oppenheim explores the concepts of femininity, class, and fetishism, as well as the depths of the human psyche. Oppenheim used materials and elements which were markers of high class and refinement for women of the time. These include fur, manicure, and tea in exquisite porcelain. However, combined together, manicured animal paws or teacups covered in fur evoke feelings of disgust and nausea.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e8. Suzanne Valadon (1865 \u0026#8211; 1938)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_86240\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-86240\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-86240\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-valadon-blue-room-painting.jpg\" alt=\"women artists valadon blue room painting\" width=\"1200\" height=\"909\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-valadon-blue-room-painting.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-valadon-blue-room-painting-300x227.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-valadon-blue-room-painting-1024x776.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-valadon-blue-room-painting-768x582.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-valadon-blue-room-painting-150x114.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-valadon-blue-room-painting-600x455.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-valadon-blue-room-painting-696x527.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-valadon-blue-room-painting-1068x809.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-valadon-blue-room-painting-554x420.jpg 554w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-valadon-blue-room-painting-1109x840.jpg 1109w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-valadon-blue-room-painting-80x60.jpg 80w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-valadon-blue-room-painting-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-86240\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eThe Blue Room by Suzanne Valadon, 1923, via Wikimedia\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe legendary artist \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/artist-suzanne-valadon-facts/\"\u003eSuzanne Valadon\u003c/a\u003e was the daughter of a single mother who worked as a laundress. She grew up in poverty on the streets of Montmartre. She had to earn a living as a circus performer and model. Valadon modeled for the greatest artists of her generation like Puvis de Chavannes and Renoir. But what really made her different from other models was the fact that she wasn’t just posing, she was watching and learning.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuzanne Valadon started to paint in her late thirties but she quickly gained recognition for her unique works. She mostly painted female nudes, yet her nudes were drastically different from those of her colleagues. Her past occupation as a model allowed her to relate to women on the canvas. She was focusing on real people and not idealized symbols. Valadon’s artistic gaze was uncompromising and honest. Her painted bodies showed traces of hard work, childbirth, and age.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e7. Hannah Höch (1889 \u0026#8211; 1978)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_86229\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-86229\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-86229\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/hoch-fashion-show-collage.jpg\" alt=\"hoch fashion show collage\" width=\"1200\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/hoch-fashion-show-collage.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/hoch-fashion-show-collage-300x180.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/hoch-fashion-show-collage-1024x614.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/hoch-fashion-show-collage-768x461.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/hoch-fashion-show-collage-150x90.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/hoch-fashion-show-collage-600x360.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/hoch-fashion-show-collage-696x418.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/hoch-fashion-show-collage-1068x641.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/hoch-fashion-show-collage-700x420.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-86229\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eFashion Show by Hannah Höch, 1925-35, via Art History Project\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe great artist \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/hannah-hoch-derman-dada-artist/\"\u003eHannah Höch\u003c/a\u003e was a part of the Berlin Dada movement. Dada was a male-dominated movement with a lot of prejudice and sexism ingrained. Höch wasn’t always comfortable with the provocative behavior of other \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/women-of-dada-art-movement/\"\u003eDadaists\u003c/a\u003e. Their beliefs and manners alienated Höch from her peers, yet this did not stop her from creating groundbreaking work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHöch’s favorite topic was the evolution of social expectations aimed at the German women in the Weimar Republic. She used newspaper clippings and cut photographs to create her collages. Höch was equally critical of patriarchy and new standards of femininity of her age. As a \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/who-was-elsa-von-freytag-loringhoven/\"\u003eDadaist\u003c/a\u003e, she was prohibited from exhibiting in Nazi Germany but, unlike most of her colleagues, she refused to leave Berlin and kept creating art in secrecy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e6. Berthe Morisot (1841 \u0026#8211; 1895)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_86232\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-86232\" style=\"width: 981px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-86232\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/morisot-mirror-painting.jpg\" alt=\"morisot mirror painting\" width=\"981\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/morisot-mirror-painting.jpg 981w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/morisot-mirror-painting-245x300.jpg 245w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/morisot-mirror-painting-837x1024.jpg 837w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/morisot-mirror-painting-768x939.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/morisot-mirror-painting-150x183.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/morisot-mirror-painting-300x367.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/morisot-mirror-painting-600x734.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/morisot-mirror-painting-696x851.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/morisot-mirror-painting-343x420.jpg 343w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/morisot-mirror-painting-687x840.jpg 687w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 981px) 100vw, 981px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-86232\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eThe Psyche Mirror by Berthe Morisot, 1876, via Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe legendary Impressionist \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/berthe-morisot-impressionism-french-painter/\"\u003eBerthe Morisot\u003c/a\u003e was an underappreciated innovator and one of the founders of the revolutionary art movement. She was a close friend of \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/what-was-shocking-about-manets-olympia/\"\u003eÉdouard Manet\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/why-did-edgar-degas-little-dancer-cause-scandal/\"\u003eEdgar Degas\u003c/a\u003e. Morisot shared their devotion to this new kind of art suitable for the modern era. They also rejected conservative academic standards.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDespite the hardships that stood in the way of women artists at the time, Berthe Morisot’s work was relatively well-received. The main reason for that might be her choice of subjects. Although the Impressionists often depicted urban scenes and modern life in public spaces, Morisot preferred to paint women, children, and domestic scenes. This type of subject matter was seen as appropriate for women, especially given Morisot’s upper-class background. For Morisot, painting domestic scenes was one of the few options available. At the time, access to public spaces was limited and reserved mostly for men.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e5. Plautilla Nelli (1524 \u0026#8211; 1588)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_86233\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-86233\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-86233\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/nelli-supper-fragment-painting.jpg\" alt=\"nelli supper fragment painting\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/nelli-supper-fragment-painting.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/nelli-supper-fragment-painting-300x200.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/nelli-supper-fragment-painting-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/nelli-supper-fragment-painting-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/nelli-supper-fragment-painting-150x100.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/nelli-supper-fragment-painting-600x400.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/nelli-supper-fragment-painting-696x464.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/nelli-supper-fragment-painting-1068x712.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/nelli-supper-fragment-painting-630x420.jpg 630w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-86233\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eThe Last Supper by Plautilla Nelli (fragment), 1568, via Artnet\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlautila Nelli is one of the rarely mentioned names of Italian art. Nonetheless, she is the earliest woman artist of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/what-is-italian-renaissance-rebirth/\"\u003eFlorentine Renaissance\u003c/a\u003e that is known today. A nun in a Dominican convent in Florence, she was a completely self-taught artist. She never had any proper art lessons, so she learned to paint by copying the works of other masters. Her only artistic weak spot was the male figure. Being a nun, she had little to no contact with men and had to base her paintings on her knowledge of the female body.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlautilla Nelli had tremendous financial success since she was supported by many art patrons, most of whom were women. \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-giorgio-vasari/\"\u003eGiorgio Vasari\u003c/a\u003e mentioned her in his 1568 book \u003ci\u003eLives of The Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects\u003c/i\u003e, stating that the houses of Florentine nobles were filled with paintings made by the gifted nun. Nelli was a true innovator, hardly limited by the boundaries of her gender. She even created a monumental panel showing \u003ci\u003eThe Last Supper\u003c/i\u003e, the first that we know was made by a woman.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e4. Kara Walker (1969 \u0026#8211; present)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_86236\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-86236\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-86236\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artist-kara-walker.jpg\" alt=\"women artist kara walker\" width=\"900\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artist-kara-walker.jpg 900w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artist-kara-walker-225x300.jpg 225w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artist-kara-walker-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artist-kara-walker-150x200.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artist-kara-walker-300x400.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artist-kara-walker-600x800.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artist-kara-walker-696x928.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artist-kara-walker-315x420.jpg 315w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artist-kara-walker-630x840.jpg 630w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-86236\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eFons Americanus by Kara Walker, 2019, via Wikimedia\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmerican artist \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/kara-walker/\"\u003eKara Walker\u003c/a\u003e is one of the most famous and influential contemporary artists. Her works are bold and sometimes shocking. She comments on racism, inequality, and the difficult history of the West. At the beginning of her artistic career, Walker avoided addressing racism, afraid of being seen as a \u003ci\u003etypical\u003c/i\u003e African American artist. Yet, her political stance and bold artistic expression soon brought her fame.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMany of Walker’s works mimic traditional types of art that were popular during the era of colonialism and slavery. Her monumental fountain \u003ci\u003eFons Americanus\u003c/i\u003e looks similar to Victorian-era monuments, but the figures on it refer to The Atlantic \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/london-to-honor-the-transatlantic-slave-trade-victims/\"\u003eslave trade\u003c/a\u003e and the resources that were stolen from Africa. The sculpture is full of references to nineteenth-century art. Walker made her fountain from recyclable materials and disassembled it in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun (1755 \u0026#8211; 1842)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_86231\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-86231\" style=\"width: 952px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-86231\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/lebrun-madame-grand-painting.jpg\" alt=\"lebrun madame grand painting\" width=\"952\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/lebrun-madame-grand-painting.jpg 952w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/lebrun-madame-grand-painting-238x300.jpg 238w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/lebrun-madame-grand-painting-812x1024.jpg 812w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/lebrun-madame-grand-painting-768x968.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/lebrun-madame-grand-painting-150x189.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/lebrun-madame-grand-painting-300x378.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/lebrun-madame-grand-painting-600x756.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/lebrun-madame-grand-painting-696x877.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/lebrun-madame-grand-painting-333x420.jpg 333w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/lebrun-madame-grand-painting-666x840.jpg 666w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 952px) 100vw, 952px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-86231\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eMadame Grand by Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, 1783, via The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eÉlisabeth Vigée Le Brun, also known as Madame Le Brun, was a French portraitist, well-known for her connections with \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/marie-antoinette-versailles-to-the-guillotine/\"\u003eMarie Antoinette\u003c/a\u003e. In terms of style, Le Brun mixed Rococo with Neoclassicism, mostly painting portraits of women. Like many other women artists of her era, Le Brun was the daughter of a painter who provided her with training. However, when her father died, she received artistic guidance from family friends, some of which were famous artists at the time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough Le Brun was known for portraiture, she never limited herself to that genre. She was one of the rare women artists who made history paintings. Critics considered this type of art exclusively masculine but nonetheless admitted her work to the prestigious Salon. As the French Revolution unfolded, she had to flee France to save her life. She traveled to Italy, Austria, Russia, and Prussia, painting everywhere she went.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Hilma af Klint (1863 \u0026#8211; 1944)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_86237\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-86237\" style=\"width: 897px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-86237\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-af-klint-dove-painting.jpg\" alt=\"women artists af klint dove painting\" width=\"897\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-af-klint-dove-painting.jpg 897w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-af-klint-dove-painting-224x300.jpg 224w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-af-klint-dove-painting-765x1024.jpg 765w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-af-klint-dove-painting-768x1027.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-af-klint-dove-painting-150x201.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-af-klint-dove-painting-300x401.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-af-klint-dove-painting-600x803.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-af-klint-dove-painting-696x931.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-af-klint-dove-painting-314x420.jpg 314w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-af-klint-dove-painting-628x840.jpg 628w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 897px) 100vw, 897px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-86237\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eGroup IX/UW, The Dove, No. 3 by Hilma af Klint, 1915, via Guggenheim Museum, New York\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe icon of modern art and the pioneer of abstraction, \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/hilma-af-klint-abstract-art/\"\u003eHilma af Klint\u003c/a\u003e was almost completely erased from art history until the late 1980s. Unknown to the whole world, she was the first Western artist to completely depart from realistic depictions of the world in favor of geometric and organic abstraction. According to af Klint, these ideas came to her through \u003ci\u003eHigh Masters\u003c/i\u003e and otherworldly beings who contacted her during a spiritual seance in 1896.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBefore her abstract period, she worked as a botanical illustrator. This type of illustration was essentially closer to science than to art. It required concentration, scientific knowledge, and artistic impartiality. Hilma af Klint later applied these principles to her abstract works, eliminating her artistic ambition to focus on recording messages from otherworldly realms. She never tried to make a groundbreaking invention as an artist since she regarded herself as a researcher of the invisible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Artemisia Gentileschi (1593 \u0026#8211; 1653): The Queen of Women Artists\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_86239\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-86239\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-86239\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-gentileschi-judith-painting.jpg\" alt=\"women artists gentileschi judith painting\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1027\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-gentileschi-judith-painting.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-gentileschi-judith-painting-300x257.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-gentileschi-judith-painting-1024x876.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-gentileschi-judith-painting-768x657.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-gentileschi-judith-painting-150x128.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-gentileschi-judith-painting-600x514.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-gentileschi-judith-painting-696x596.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-gentileschi-judith-painting-1068x914.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-gentileschi-judith-painting-491x420.jpg 491w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-gentileschi-judith-painting-981x840.jpg 981w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-86239\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eJudith and her Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes by Artemisia Gentileschi, 1608-12, via Nasjonal Museet, Oslo\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe world-famous Baroque painter \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/artemisia-gentileschi-the-me-too-painter-of-the-renaissance/\"\u003eArtemisia Gentileschi\u003c/a\u003e was one of the rare lucky women of her time who had the chance to study art. Her father Orazio Gentileschi was a well-known painter from Rome who was inspired by the work of Caravaggio. For years, Artemisia Gentileschi’s work was attributed to her father, even though Orazio openly admitted the extraordinary talent of his daughter.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHer works show a remarkable point of view on Renaissance culture, dramatically different from that of her male contemporaries. Many popular subjects of the era were centered around rape and revenge, with women portrayed as damaged property and not as victims of assault. Gentileschi, herself a survivor of sexual assault, painted women who were in control of their lives, often avenging their trauma and fighting back against their abusers. Artemisia Gentileschi was retelling many well-known stories like the ones about Susanna and the Elders, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/artemisia-caravaggio-artafernes-slaying/\"\u003eJudith and Holofernes\u003c/a\u003e, but her point of view was different.\u003c/p\u003e\n","slug":"women-artists-who-achieved-greatness","uri":"/women-artists-who-achieved-greatness/","featuredImage":{"node":{"sourceUrl":"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/women-artists-who-achieved-greatness-768x442.jpg","altText":"women artists who achieved greatness"}},"includeUpdated":{"articleUpdated":null,"includeVideoIcon":null,"includeTableContent":null},"author":{"node":{"name":"Anastasiia S. Kirpalov","userId":324,"firstName":"Anastasiia","lastName":"Sukhareva","nicename":null,"slug":"anastasiia-sukhareva","description":"Anastasiia holds a MA degree in Art history from the University of Groningen, the Netherlands. Previously she worked as a museum assistant, caring for the collection of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist art. She specializes in topics of early abstract art, nineteenth-century gender, spiritualism and occultism. Outside of her work, she is interested in cult studies, criminology, and fashion history.","designation":"MA Art History, Modern \u0026 Contemporary Art ","avatar":{"url":"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Anastasiia-Sukhareva-author-150x150.jpg"}}},"categories":{"edges":[{"node":{"name":"Art","slug":"art"}}]}},{"id":"cG9zdDo4OTQ5NA==","title":"The Renaissance Women of Italy: 10 Extraordinary Artists","subtitle":"Many men are remembered for their contributions to the Italian Renaissance. However, many women contributed to the movement with less recognition.","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-89480\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/renaissance-women-italy-extraordinary-artists.jpg\" alt=\"renaissance women italy extraordinary artists\" width=\"1200\" height=\"690\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/renaissance-women-italy-extraordinary-artists.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/renaissance-women-italy-extraordinary-artists-300x173.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/renaissance-women-italy-extraordinary-artists-1024x589.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/renaissance-women-italy-extraordinary-artists-768x442.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/renaissance-women-italy-extraordinary-artists-150x86.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/renaissance-women-italy-extraordinary-artists-600x345.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/renaissance-women-italy-extraordinary-artists-696x400.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/renaissance-women-italy-extraordinary-artists-1068x614.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/renaissance-women-italy-extraordinary-artists-730x420.jpg 730w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" /\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe great Renaissance women of the Italian Renaissance are not as widely known as the men and are often underrepresented in general knowledge. This is because the Italian Renaissance, which roughly spanned the 14th through 17th centuries, was a time when women were not always welcomed into the field of art, and their works remained largely unsupported. Despite this, many women forged paths for themselves, making lasting contributions to the field of art and its development. Here are just 10 of these incredibly accomplished women.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Plautilla Nelli (1524-1588)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89493\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89493\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89493\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/the-last-supper-painting.jpg\" alt=\"the last supper painting\" width=\"1200\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/the-last-supper-painting.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/the-last-supper-painting-300x90.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/the-last-supper-painting-1024x306.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/the-last-supper-painting-768x230.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/the-last-supper-painting-150x45.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/the-last-supper-painting-600x180.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/the-last-supper-painting-696x208.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/the-last-supper-painting-1068x320.jpg 1068w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89493\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eThe Last Supper by Plautilla Nelli, 1568, via Atlas Obscura\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlautilla Nelli was an Italian Renaissance painter born in 1524 in Florence, Italy. Nelli was one of the few women artists of her time and \u003ca href=\"http://advancingwomenartists.org/artists/plautilla-nelli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eis considered today to be the first known woman artist in Florence\u003c/a\u003e. Nelli was a member of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/plautilla-nelli-last-supper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eDominican convent of Santa Caterina da Siena, where she lived and worked\u003c/a\u003e, and the Church primarily commissioned her paintings. As such, Nelli\u0026#8217;s work commonly portrays religious scenes but often features powerful female figures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePerhaps Nelli\u0026#8217;s most significant work is the \u003ci\u003eLast Supper\u003c/i\u003e, a large-scale painting that features a diverse group of apostles, including women, with Jesus. The painting was completed in 1568 and is believed to be the first known painting of the \u003ci\u003eLast Supper\u003c/i\u003e by a woman artist and \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/oct/19/renaissance-nun-regains-place-in-art-history-the-last-supper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003ehangs today in the Santa Maria Novella Museum in Florence, Italy\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike many women of the 16th century, Nelli\u0026#8217;s works were highly regarded. Unfortunately, much of Nelli\u0026#8217;s work has been lost or destroyed over the centuries, and her legacy was largely forgotten until the 20th century. In recent years, however, \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/historical-female-artists-exhibitions-auctions/\"\u003ephilanthropist Jane Fortune rediscovered much of Nelli\u0026#8217;s work, albeit in poor condition, inspiring the founding of the Advancing Women Artists Foundation (AWA)\u003c/a\u003e. Since then, much of Nelli\u0026#8217;s work has been restored and is found in galleries worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Marietta Robusti\u003c/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e (1550/60-1590)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89489\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89489\" style=\"width: 1005px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89489\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/marietta-robusti-dama-veneciana.jpg\" alt=\"marietta robusti dama veneciana\" width=\"1005\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/marietta-robusti-dama-veneciana.jpg 1005w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/marietta-robusti-dama-veneciana-251x300.jpg 251w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/marietta-robusti-dama-veneciana-858x1024.jpg 858w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/marietta-robusti-dama-veneciana-768x917.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/marietta-robusti-dama-veneciana-150x179.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/marietta-robusti-dama-veneciana-300x358.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/marietta-robusti-dama-veneciana-600x716.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/marietta-robusti-dama-veneciana-696x831.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/marietta-robusti-dama-veneciana-352x420.jpg 352w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/marietta-robusti-dama-veneciana-704x840.jpg 704w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1005px) 100vw, 1005px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89489\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eDama Veneciana by Marietta Robusti, unknown date, via Museo del Prado, Madrid\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMarietta Robusti, also known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.monstrousregimentofwomen.com/2021/05/marietta-robusti-tintorettos-daughter.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eLa Tintoretta, was a prominent Venetian painter of the 16th century\u003c/a\u003e. She was the daughter of the renowned painter \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/dogs-in-art/\"\u003eJacopo Tintoretto\u003c/a\u003e and trained in her father\u0026#8217;s workshop from a young age. \u003ca href=\"https://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/artist/tintoretta-marietta-robusti/a069ec14-4164-4a4a-aff8-f18cf031a750\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eKnown in her time as \u003ci\u003ebuona ritrattista\u003c/i\u003e or \u0026#8220;a good portrait painter,\u0026#8221;\u003c/a\u003e Robusti was known for her portraiture skill and ability to capture her subjects\u0026#8217; personalities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDespite her success as a painter, Robusti received \u003ca href=\"https://womennart.com/2019/11/20/who-was-marietta-robusti/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003elittle to no financial reward for her works, and her reputation was often overshadowed by that of her father\u003c/a\u003e. This meant that Robusti struggled to establish her reputation as an independent artist. Moreover, she was criticized for her decision to pursue a career in painting, as it was considered inappropriate for a woman.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eToday, Marietta Robusti is recognized as an important figure in Venetian art history and a pioneer for women in the arts. \u003ca href=\"https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/robusti-maria-detta-tintoretta_(Dizionario-Biografico)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eHer paintings are found in museums and galleries around the world, where her legacy continues to inspire future generations of artists\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. Sister Eufrasia Burlamacchi (1482-1548)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89486\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89486\" style=\"width: 982px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89486\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/eufrasia-burlamacchi-temporal-gradual-detail.jpg\" alt=\"eufrasia burlamacchi temporal gradual detail\" width=\"982\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/eufrasia-burlamacchi-temporal-gradual-detail.jpg 982w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/eufrasia-burlamacchi-temporal-gradual-detail-246x300.jpg 246w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/eufrasia-burlamacchi-temporal-gradual-detail-838x1024.jpg 838w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/eufrasia-burlamacchi-temporal-gradual-detail-768x938.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/eufrasia-burlamacchi-temporal-gradual-detail-150x183.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/eufrasia-burlamacchi-temporal-gradual-detail-300x367.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/eufrasia-burlamacchi-temporal-gradual-detail-600x733.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/eufrasia-burlamacchi-temporal-gradual-detail-696x851.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/eufrasia-burlamacchi-temporal-gradual-detail-344x420.jpg 344w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/eufrasia-burlamacchi-temporal-gradual-detail-687x840.jpg 687w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 982px) 100vw, 982px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89486\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eTemporal Gradual (detail) by Sister Eufrasia Burlamacchi, 1532, via Art Herstory\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSister Eufrasia Burlamacchi was a manuscript artist and scribe born in 1482 in Lucca. Burlamacchi joined the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wga.hu/bio_m/b/burlamac/biograph.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eSan Nicolao convent at a young age but left to found the convent of San Domenico with her sister and ten other nuns, where she would later serve as Mother Superior\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSister Eufrasia was highly skilled in calligraphy and \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/what-is-an-illuminated-manuscript/\"\u003emanuscript illumination\u003c/a\u003e and produced several beautiful manuscripts during her lifetime. Sister Eufrasia died in 1548, but her \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/how-were-illuminated-manuscripts-made/\"\u003ework as a manuscript artist and illuminator\u003c/a\u003e has continued to inspire and captivate scholars and art enthusiasts throughout the centuries. Today, her manuscripts are highly prized and can be found in museums and private collections worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e4. Properzia de’ Rossi (1490-1530)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89491\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89491\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89491\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/properzia-de-rossi-giuseppe-moglie-di-putifarre.jpg\" alt=\"properzia de rossi giuseppe moglie di putifarre\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1032\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/properzia-de-rossi-giuseppe-moglie-di-putifarre.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/properzia-de-rossi-giuseppe-moglie-di-putifarre-300x258.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/properzia-de-rossi-giuseppe-moglie-di-putifarre-1024x881.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/properzia-de-rossi-giuseppe-moglie-di-putifarre-768x660.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/properzia-de-rossi-giuseppe-moglie-di-putifarre-150x129.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/properzia-de-rossi-giuseppe-moglie-di-putifarre-600x516.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/properzia-de-rossi-giuseppe-moglie-di-putifarre-696x599.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/properzia-de-rossi-giuseppe-moglie-di-putifarre-1068x918.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/properzia-de-rossi-giuseppe-moglie-di-putifarre-488x420.jpg 488w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/properzia-de-rossi-giuseppe-moglie-di-putifarre-977x840.jpg 977w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89491\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eJoseph and the Wife of Putiphar by Properzia de’ Rossi, 1525, via Finestre sull’Arte\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProperzia de\u0026#8217; Rossi was an Italian sculptor from Bologna \u003ca href=\"https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-woman-renaissances-famous-record-art-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003ewho lived from around 1490 to 1530\u003c/a\u003e. Unlike many women artists of the time, de\u0026#8217; Rossi was not the daughter of an artist, and her craft was self-taught. However, de\u0026#8217; Rossi was not only one of the first women artists in Renaissance history but has even been cited as being \u003ca href=\"https://www.finestresullarte.info/en/works-and-artists/properzia-de-rossi-first-sculptor-in-the-history-of-europe-story-of-an-enterprising-woman\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003ethe first known professional sculptor in Europe\u0026#8217;s history\u003c/a\u003e. Among de\u0026#8217; Rossi\u0026#8217;s marble sculptures, \u003ca href=\"https://www.italianartsociety.org/2018/10/properzia-de-rossi-about-1490-1530-among-the-small-but-significant-group-of-women-known-to-us-today-who-succeeded-as-artists-in-renaissance-italy-properzia-de-rossi-was/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eshe is also credited with creating copper plate engravings and coats of arms.\u003c/a\u003e Moreover, \u003ca href=\"https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-woman-renaissances-famous-record-art-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eProperzia was skilled in creating intricate carvings in ivory, bone, and fruit pits\u003c/a\u003e, and her work often depicted scenes from classical mythology or Christian iconography.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSadly, de\u0026#8217; Rossi died young and poor, but her reputation as a pioneering woman for her time lives on. For example, in \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-giorgio-vasari/\"\u003eGiorgio Vasari\u0026#8217;s\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003eLives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, Architects\u003c/i\u003e (1550), \u003ca href=\"https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-woman-renaissances-famous-record-art-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eProperzia de\u0026#8217; Rossi is the only woman, out of 142 artists, to receive her own biographical chapter\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e5. Diana Scultori Ghisi (1547-1612)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89484\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89484\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89484\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/diana-scultori-ghisi-torture-atilius-regulus.jpg\" alt=\"diana scultori ghisi torture atilius regulus\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1040\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/diana-scultori-ghisi-torture-atilius-regulus.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/diana-scultori-ghisi-torture-atilius-regulus-300x260.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/diana-scultori-ghisi-torture-atilius-regulus-1024x887.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/diana-scultori-ghisi-torture-atilius-regulus-768x666.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/diana-scultori-ghisi-torture-atilius-regulus-150x130.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/diana-scultori-ghisi-torture-atilius-regulus-600x520.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/diana-scultori-ghisi-torture-atilius-regulus-696x603.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/diana-scultori-ghisi-torture-atilius-regulus-1068x926.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/diana-scultori-ghisi-torture-atilius-regulus-485x420.jpg 485w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/diana-scultori-ghisi-torture-atilius-regulus-969x840.jpg 969w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/diana-scultori-ghisi-torture-atilius-regulus-534x462.jpg 534w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89484\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eThe Torture of Atilius Regulus by Diana Scultori Ghisi, 1570, via Artsy\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDiana Scultori Ghisi, or Diana Mantuana, was an Italian engraver and \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/how-albrecht-durer-changed-printmaking-renaissance/\"\u003eprintmaker\u003c/a\u003e of the Renaissance period who lived from around 1547 to around 1612. She was born in Mantua, Italy, and was the daughter of the renowned Italian painter and printmaker, Giovanni Battista Scultori. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/artists/diana-scultori\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003e Diana Scultori Ghisi was one of the first known women printmakers, and she was known for her exceptional skill in engraving\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eScultori’s work often depicted scenes from classical mythology and the Bible, and she was also known for her portraits and book illustrations. Diana\u0026#8217;s skill as an engraver was widely recognized, and her work was praised for its precision, clarity, and depth. \u003ca href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3039405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eShe was particularly known for her use of line and shading to create a sense of texture and depth in her prints\u003c/a\u003e, and her work had a strong influence on the development of the art of engraving in the Renaissance period. Scultori’s first dated print was in 1575. \u003ca href=\"https://www.wga.hu/bio_m/s/scultori/biograph.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eIn the same year, she received a Papal Privilege to make and market her work\u003c/a\u003e. These privileges were rare for women, making her one of the few women artists of the Renaissance to obtain a professional license.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e6. Fede Galizia (1578-1630)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89487\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89487\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89487\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/fede-galizia-crystal-fruit-stand-peaches-quinces-jasmine.jpg\" alt=\"fede galizia crystal fruit stand peaches quinces jasmine\" width=\"1200\" height=\"882\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/fede-galizia-crystal-fruit-stand-peaches-quinces-jasmine.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/fede-galizia-crystal-fruit-stand-peaches-quinces-jasmine-300x221.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/fede-galizia-crystal-fruit-stand-peaches-quinces-jasmine-1024x753.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/fede-galizia-crystal-fruit-stand-peaches-quinces-jasmine-768x564.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/fede-galizia-crystal-fruit-stand-peaches-quinces-jasmine-150x110.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/fede-galizia-crystal-fruit-stand-peaches-quinces-jasmine-600x441.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/fede-galizia-crystal-fruit-stand-peaches-quinces-jasmine-696x512.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/fede-galizia-crystal-fruit-stand-peaches-quinces-jasmine-1068x785.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/fede-galizia-crystal-fruit-stand-peaches-quinces-jasmine-571x420.jpg 571w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/fede-galizia-crystal-fruit-stand-peaches-quinces-jasmine-1143x840.jpg 1143w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/fede-galizia-crystal-fruit-stand-peaches-quinces-jasmine-80x60.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89487\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eA Crystal Fruit Stand with Peaches, Quinces, and Jasmine by Fede Galizia, 1607, via Art History Project\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFede Galizia was \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/fede-galizia-life-and-work/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003ean Italian Renaissance painter who lived from 1578 to 1630\u003c/a\u003e. She was born in Milan and was the daughter of a prominent miniaturist painter, \u003ca href=\"https://www.matronsandmistresses.com/articles/2021/3/30/fede-galizia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eNunzio Galizia\u003c/a\u003e. Writings from when she was alive describe Galizia as a prodigy, but unfortunately, little else is known about her life. Galizia\u0026#8217;s work is characterized by exceptional attention to detail and the ability to capture the delicate textures and colors of flowers and fruit. \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/historical-female-artists-exhibitions-auctions/\"\u003eGalizia\u0026#8217;s work is coveted today, having been part of several auctions and sales in the twenty-first century\u003c/a\u003e. One reason for the demand for these paintings is their unfiltered naturalism and their ability to capture the beauty and fragility of the natural world.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike many women artists of the time, Galizia was able to produce a diverse body of work. For example, she was well known for her portraits and public commissions for altarpieces in Milanese churches, and her fruit and flower paintings are some of the earliest of any Italian artists. The uniqueness of Galizia\u0026#8217;s still life paintings makes her a pioneer in her field during the Italian Renaissance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e7. Lavinia Fontana (1552-1614)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89488\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89488\" style=\"width: 952px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89488\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/lavinia-fontana-portrait-antonietta-gonzalez.jpg\" alt=\"lavinia fontana portrait antonietta gonzalez\" width=\"952\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/lavinia-fontana-portrait-antonietta-gonzalez.jpg 952w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/lavinia-fontana-portrait-antonietta-gonzalez-238x300.jpg 238w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/lavinia-fontana-portrait-antonietta-gonzalez-812x1024.jpg 812w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/lavinia-fontana-portrait-antonietta-gonzalez-768x968.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/lavinia-fontana-portrait-antonietta-gonzalez-150x189.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/lavinia-fontana-portrait-antonietta-gonzalez-300x378.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/lavinia-fontana-portrait-antonietta-gonzalez-600x756.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/lavinia-fontana-portrait-antonietta-gonzalez-696x877.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/lavinia-fontana-portrait-antonietta-gonzalez-333x420.jpg 333w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/lavinia-fontana-portrait-antonietta-gonzalez-666x840.jpg 666w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 952px) 100vw, 952px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89488\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003ePortrait of Antonietta Gonzales by Lavinia Fontana, 1595, via Women’n Art\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLavinia Fontana was an \u003ca href=\"https://www.theartstory.org/artist/fontana-lavinia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eItalian Mannerist painter who lived from 1552 to 1614\u003c/a\u003e. She was born in Bologna, Italy, and was the daughter of the painter Prospero Fontana. Lavinia\u0026#8217;s work was characterized by its realism and ability to capture her subjects\u0026#8217; individuality and character. \u003ca href=\"https://artherstory.net/lavinia-fontana-italys-first-female-professional-artist/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eShe was exceptionally skilled at painting women and is credited with being the first woman artist to paint female nudes\u003c/a\u003e. By some, \u003ca href=\"https://artherstory.net/lavinia-fontana-italys-first-female-professional-artist/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eFontana is also considered the first woman professional painter of the period\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDespite her challenges as a woman artist in a male-dominated field, Lavinia achieved great success during her lifetime and was highly regarded by her contemporaries. She also brought 11 children into the world, meaning that she was pregnant for the majority of her artistic career! Lavinia also received numerous commissions for her work, including gaining the position of portraitist at the court of Pope Paul V.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e8. Barbara Longhi\u003c/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e (1552-1638)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89483\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89483\" style=\"width: 790px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89483\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/barbara-longhi-madonna-and-child.jpg\" alt=\"barbara longhi madonna and child\" width=\"790\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/barbara-longhi-madonna-and-child.jpg 790w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/barbara-longhi-madonna-and-child-198x300.jpg 198w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/barbara-longhi-madonna-and-child-674x1024.jpg 674w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/barbara-longhi-madonna-and-child-768x1167.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/barbara-longhi-madonna-and-child-150x228.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/barbara-longhi-madonna-and-child-300x456.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/barbara-longhi-madonna-and-child-600x911.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/barbara-longhi-madonna-and-child-696x1057.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/barbara-longhi-madonna-and-child-277x420.jpg 277w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/barbara-longhi-madonna-and-child-553x840.jpg 553w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 790px) 100vw, 790px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89483\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eMadonna and Child by Barbara Longhi, 1580-85, via The Monstrous Regiment of Women\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMentioned in Giorgio Vasari’s \u003ci\u003eLives of the Artists\u003c/i\u003e for having “\u003ca href=\"https://www.artsy.net/artist/barbara-longhi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003epurity of line and soft brilliance of color\u003c/a\u003e,” Barbara Longhi was another one of the few women artists of the Italian Renaissance. Vasari\u0026#8217;s father, Luca Longhi, was also a painter, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.artsy.net/artist/barbara-longhi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eher works are sometimes difficult to distinguish from those of her father\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLonghi\u0026#8217;s talent as a painter was widely recognized, and she significantly influenced the development of painting in Italy. Her work was characterized by its use of vibrant colors and her ability to capture human form and emotion. Furthermore, \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20110721213853/http:/clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail\u0026amp;entity_id=10650\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eLonghi\u0026#8217;s artworks were distinctive in contrast to the grandiose historical paintings depicting biblical scenes that were prevalent in art during her time\u003c/a\u003e. Instead, she focused on creating understated and contemplative portrayals that evoked a sense of connection and compassion toward the depicted subjects.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e9. Sofonisba Anguissola (1532-1625)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89492\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89492\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89492\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/sofonisba-anguissola-chess-game.jpg\" alt=\"sofonisba anguissola chess game\" width=\"1200\" height=\"910\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/sofonisba-anguissola-chess-game.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/sofonisba-anguissola-chess-game-300x228.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/sofonisba-anguissola-chess-game-1024x777.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/sofonisba-anguissola-chess-game-768x582.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/sofonisba-anguissola-chess-game-150x114.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/sofonisba-anguissola-chess-game-600x455.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/sofonisba-anguissola-chess-game-696x528.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/sofonisba-anguissola-chess-game-1068x810.jpg 1068w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/sofonisba-anguissola-chess-game-554x420.jpg 554w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/sofonisba-anguissola-chess-game-1108x840.jpg 1108w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/sofonisba-anguissola-chess-game-80x60.jpg 80w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/sofonisba-anguissola-chess-game-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89492\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eThe Chess Game by Sofonisba Anguissola, 1555, via The Art Story\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/women-portraitist-renaissance/\"\u003eSofonisba Anguissola\u003c/a\u003e was a Baroque painter who lived from 1532 to 1625. \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/historical-female-artists-exhibitions-auctions/\"\u003eAnguissola\u003c/a\u003e was born in Cremona and was one of six sisters, all of whom were talented artists. Considered \u003ca href=\"https://www.theartstory.org/artist/anguissola-sofonisba/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003evirtuous and beautiful, a superbly educated conversationalist, accomplished in music, and a charming dancer\u003c/a\u003e, Anguissola was highly regarded by her contemporaries and accomplished much in her life. For example, \u003ca href=\"https://smarthistory.org/sofonisba-anguissola/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eshe became a lady-in-waiting to the Queen of Spain\u003c/a\u003e, Elisabeth de Valois, and continued producing works at King Philip II\u0026#8217;s court.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLike many women artists of the Italian Renaissance, Sofonisba\u0026#8217;s fame and significance were rediscovered in the twentieth century, and she is \u003ca href=\"https://smarthistory.org/sofonisba-anguissola/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eregarded today as one of the most important painters of the early modern period\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e10. Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1653)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89481\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89481\" style=\"width: 987px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89481\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-judith-beheading-holofernes.jpg\" alt=\"artemisia gentileschi judith beheading holofernes\" width=\"987\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-judith-beheading-holofernes.jpg 987w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-judith-beheading-holofernes-247x300.jpg 247w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-judith-beheading-holofernes-842x1024.jpg 842w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-judith-beheading-holofernes-768x934.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-judith-beheading-holofernes-150x182.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-judith-beheading-holofernes-300x365.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-judith-beheading-holofernes-600x729.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-judith-beheading-holofernes-696x846.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-judith-beheading-holofernes-345x420.jpg 345w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-judith-beheading-holofernes-691x840.jpg 691w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 987px) 100vw, 987px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89481\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eJudith Beheading Holofernes by Artemisia Gentileschi, 1620-1621, via Artnet\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/artemisia-gentileschi-the-me-too-painter-of-the-renaissance/\"\u003eArtemisia Gentileschi was an Italian Baroque painter who lived from 1593 to 1656\u003c/a\u003e. She was born in Rome and was the daughter of the painter Orazio Gentileschi. Artemisia\u0026#8217;s work was characterized by its emotional intensity and \u003ca href=\"https://www.thecollector.com/artemisia-caravaggio-artafernes-slaying/\"\u003epowerful depictions of women\u003c/a\u003e. She was exceptionally skilled at painting biblical and mythological scenes, and her work often featured strong, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theartstory.org/artist/gentileschi-artemisia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003edynamic women who were depicted with a sense of realism and humanity.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her skill as a painter, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/2671289\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003eArtemisia was also a survivor of sexual assault\u003c/a\u003e and used her art to express her experiences and seek justice.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eArtemisia\u0026#8217;s talent as a painter was widely recognized, and she significantly influenced the development of Baroque painting in Italy. Her work was characterized by its use of \u003ca href=\"https://www.theartstory.org/artist/gentileschi-artemisia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"\u003echiaroscuro and its ability to convey powerful emotions and dramatic scenes\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89482\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89482\" style=\"width: 940px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89482\" src=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-madonna-and-child.jpg\" alt=\"artemisia gentileschi madonna and child\" width=\"940\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-madonna-and-child.jpg 940w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-madonna-and-child-235x300.jpg 235w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-madonna-and-child-802x1024.jpg 802w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-madonna-and-child-768x980.jpg 768w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-madonna-and-child-150x191.jpg 150w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-madonna-and-child-300x383.jpg 300w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-madonna-and-child-600x766.jpg 600w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-madonna-and-child-696x889.jpg 696w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-madonna-and-child-329x420.jpg 329w, https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/artemisia-gentileschi-madonna-and-child-658x840.jpg 658w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" /\u003e\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89482\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eMadonna and Child by Artemisia Gentileschi, 1609-10, via National Museum of Women in the Arts, Washington DC\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is not common for many people to think of the great women artists who pioneered women\u0026#8217;s art and art in general during the time of the Italian Renaissance. Despite this, many women have contributed to a field primarily dominated by men. Moreover, many of these women were the first artists in their field to produce work of their kind, making them pioneers worth remembering.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eToday, many more of these women are being recognized, and the art landscape has become a place where women can make their mark with significantly more ease than these pioneering predecessors. With determination and drive, these women conquered unprecedented institutional barriers to make valuable contributions to one of history\u0026#8217;s most significant movements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","slug":"renaissance-women-italy-extraordinary-artists","uri":"/renaissance-women-italy-extraordinary-artists/","featuredImage":{"node":{"sourceUrl":"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/renaissance-women-italy-extraordinary-artists-768x442.jpg","altText":"renaissance women italy extraordinary artists"}},"includeUpdated":{"articleUpdated":null,"includeVideoIcon":null,"includeTableContent":null},"author":{"node":{"name":"Jessie-Lee Smith","userId":403,"firstName":"Jessie-Lee","lastName":"Smith","nicename":null,"slug":"jessie-lee-smith","description":"I am a passionate writer who has spent the last few years working towards writing in multiple disciplines, including liberal arts and the sciences. I have two bachelor's degrees in different fields; BSc in Life Sciences with a focus on Genetics and Zoology from the University of Stellenbosch, and a BA in International Studies with a focus on History and Politics from the University of South Africa. I have spent my working life teaching and writing. I hope to work in the field of science communication, where I can present new scientific research to the public in a way that informs, interests, and inspires them.","designation":"BSc Life Sciences, BA Int'l Studies History \u0026 Politics","avatar":{"url":"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Jessie-Lee-Smith-author-150x150.jpg"}}},"categories":{"edges":[{"node":{"name":"Art","slug":"art"}}]}}],"authorPosts":{"edges":[{"node":{"title":"Gilded Age Art Collector: Who Was Henry Clay Frick?","slug":"who-was-henry-clay-frick-art-collector","featuredImage":{"node":{"sourceUrl":"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/who-henry-clay-frick-collection-museum-768x442.jpg","caption":"\u003cp\u003ewho henry clay frick collection museum\u003c/p\u003e\n","altText":"who henry clay frick collection museum"}},"author":{"node":{"name":"Alexandra Kiely","slug":"alexandra-kiely"}},"categories":{"edges":[{"node":{"name":"Art","slug":"art"}}]}}},{"node":{"title":"Frederic Edwin Church: Painting the American Wilderness","slug":"frederic-edwin-church-landscape-paintings","featuredImage":{"node":{"sourceUrl":"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/frederic-edwin-church-landscape-paintings-768x442.jpg","caption":"\u003cp\u003efrederic edwin church landscape paintings\u003c/p\u003e\n","altText":"frederic edwin church landscape paintings"}},"author":{"node":{"name":"Alexandra Kiely","slug":"alexandra-kiely"}},"categories":{"edges":[{"node":{"name":"Stories","slug":"stories"}}]}}}]},"categoryPosts":{"edges":[{"node":{"title":"Get to Know Tamara de Lempicka Through 8 Works","slug":"tamara-de-lempicka-works","featuredImage":{"node":{"sourceUrl":"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/tamara-de-lempicka-through-works-768x442.jpg","caption":"\u003cp\u003etamara de lempicka through works\u003c/p\u003e\n","altText":"tamara de lempicka through works"}},"author":{"node":{"name":"Anastasiia S. Kirpalov","slug":"anastasiia-sukhareva"}},"categories":{"edges":[{"node":{"name":"Artists","slug":"artists"}}]}}},{"node":{"title":"8 Facts About Tamara de Lempicka’s Dark Glamour","slug":"tamara-de-lempicka-dark-glamour","featuredImage":{"node":{"sourceUrl":"https://cdn.thecollector.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/tamara-de-lempicka-dark-glamour-768x442.jpg","caption":"\u003cp\u003etamara de lempicka dark glamour\u003c/p\u003e\n","altText":"tamara de lempicka dark glamour"}},"author":{"node":{"name":"Anastasiia S. Kirpalov","slug":"anastasiia-sukhareva"}},"categories":{"edges":[{"node":{"name":"Artists","slug":"artists"}}]}}}]},"createdAt":1731654422940},"__N_SSG":true},"page":"/[slug]","query":{"slug":"historical-female-artists-exhibitions-auctions"},"buildId":"uaOBH9zgDUidIOohZ_CnF","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[93123],"gsp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}</script></body></html>