Calenda - Les interm茅diaires dans la relation de travail dans les soci茅t茅s esclavagistes et post-esclavagistes, XVe si猫cle 脿 nos jours

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Esclaves eux-mêmes sous l’esclavage, surveillants et parfois eux-mêmes recruteurs de travailleurs après l’abolition de l’esclavage, ces intermédiaires dans la chaîne du commandement des relations de travail contraintes sont indispensables au fonctionnement du système esclavagiste et post-esclavagiste. Quel était leur rôle ? Étaient-ils des agents de la coercition ou bien de protection des travailleurs ?</p> </div> <div id="resume-1177545-en" class="tabContent hidden" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <p style="text-align: left;">This issue examines the long-term situation of Middlemen, both under slavery and in the post-slavery era. Enslaved themselves, overseers, and occasionally even recruiters of workers after the abolition of slavery, these intermediaries in the chain of command of coerced labor were essential to the smooth functioning of the slave and post-slave system. What role did they play? Were they agents of coercion or of worker protection?</p> </div> <div id="resume-1177545-es" class="tabContent hidden" lang="es" xml:lang="es"> <p style="text-align: left;">Este número se propone exponer los situaciones de los intermediarios a largo plazo, desde la trata hasta la post-esclavitud. Habiendo sido ellos mismos esclavos, y a veces vigilantes o reclutadores de trabajadores tras la abolición, estos intermediarios en la cadena de mando de las relaciones de trabajo forzoso fueron indispensables en el funcionamiento del sistema esclavista y post-esclavista. ¿Cuál fue su rol? ¿Fueron agentes de la coerción o bien de la protección de los trabajadores?</p> </div> <div id="resume-1177545-pt" class="tabContent hidden" lang="pt" xml:lang="pt"> <p style="text-align: left;">Este número propõe apresentar as situações dos intermediários na longa duração, desde o tempo do trato até o pós-escravismo. Sendo eles próprios escravos durante a escravidão, feitores e por vezes recrutadores depois da Abolição, esses intermediários na cadeia do comando das relações de trabalho constrangidas foram indispensáveis para o funcionamento do sistema escravista e pós-escravista. Qual era o seu papel ? Eram eles agentes da coerção ou de proteção dos trabalhadores ?</p> </div> </div> <div id="annonce"> <p class="intitule">Annonce</p> <div class="tabMenu"><a href="#annonce-1177545-fr" hreflang="fr" class="active">Fran莽ais</a> <a href="#annonce-1177545-en" hreflang="en">English</a> <a href="#annonce-1177545-es" hreflang="es">Espa帽ol</a> <a href="#annonce-1177545-pt" hreflang="pt">Portugu锚s</a> </div> <div id="annonce-1177545-fr" class="tabContent" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr"> <h1>Argumentaire</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">Dans la vaste question du travail contraint et forcé, les intermédiaires, placés à l’intersection des statuts de libre, d’esclave ou d’engagé, jouent un rôle central, quoique relativement négligé par l’historiographie. Ce numéro propose d’exposer leurs situations dans le long terme, du moment de la traite à celui du post-esclavage. Dans les sociétés esclavagistes, il s’agit de comprendre le rôle des géreurs de plantation, par exemple. Esclaves eux-mêmes sous l’esclavage, surveillants et parfois eux-mêmes recruteurs de travailleurs après l’abolition de l’esclavage, ces intermédiaires dans la chaîne du commandement des relations de travail contraintes sont indispensables au fonctionnement du système esclavagiste et post-esclavagiste. Quel était leur rôle ? Étaient-ils des agents de la coercition ou bien de protection des travailleurs ?</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Bien entendu, ces relations dépassent le cadre de la plantation ; les intermédiaires jouent un rôle tout aussi important dans les relations familiales (les nourrices par exemple), dans les activités urbaines et commerciales (esclaves marchand·es, colporteur·trices).</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Ces questions sont à situer dans le temps – de la traite au post-esclavage – et dans l’espace (Amériques, Afrique, océan Indien, Eurasie…), afin de saisir les spécificités des surveillant·es au sein de plantations d’aires géographiques et de périodes différentes. Il s’agira également de voir si, avec les abolitions de l’esclavage, le rôle de ces surveillant·es-intermédiaires se modifie et de quelle manière, selon la région, le type de culture (coton, sucre, café, etc.) ou encore les techniques de production (travail agricole ou dans les usines) ou le type d’activité (commerce, travail domestique). Ces éléments conditionnent-ils aussi les variables de race et de genre des travailleur·ses et les attitudes des surveillant·es eux/elles-mêmes définies par la race et le genre ? Comment ?</p> <p style="text-align: left;">En amont de la plantation, le rôle des intermédiaires est tout aussi central dans la traite des êtres humains faits captifs, relativement bien documentée depuis le début de l’époque moderne. Au sein de la traite atlantique, transsaharienne, dans l’océan Indien, en Méditerranée et en Eurasie, plusieurs puissances interviennent, en ayant recours à un personnel local (recruteurs, traducteurs, surveillants…), qu’il faudra identifier, et ensuite suivre tout au long de la « traversée du milieu » ou de la déportation et jusqu’au lieu de travail. En aval, après l’abolition de l’esclavage, dans les différentes aires mentionnées, ces individus ont parfois été eux-mêmes en charge du travail et de la surveillance des travailleurs.</p> <h1>Éditeur scientifique</h1> <p>Alessandro Stanziani, CNRS-EHESS</p> <h1>Modalités de soumission</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">Les articles (45 000 signes maximum, espaces comprises, bibliographie incluse) devront être soumis en français, en anglais, en espagnol ou en portugais à<strong> ciresc.redaction@cnrs.fr.</strong></p> <h3 style="text-align: left;">avant le 1<sup>er</sup> mars 2025 </h3> <p style="text-align: left;">Ils seront accompagnés d’une synthèse de 3 600 signes maximum espaces comprises. La liste complète des recommandations aux auteur·trices est disponible <a href="https://esclavages.cnrs.fr/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/4a_RECOMMANDATIONS_AUTEURS.pdf">ici</a>. Les articles seront alors soumis à la procédure d’évaluation par les pairs (<em>peer review</em>), en double aveugle.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Pour les articles acceptés, les versions définitives devront être prêtes pour le 1<sup>er</sup> décembre 2025.</p> <h1>Références sélectives</h1> <ul> <li style="text-align: left;">Almeida Mendes António de, 2008. « Les réseaux de la traite ibérique dans l’Atlantique Nord (1440-1640) »,<em> Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales</em>, n° 63/4, p. 739-768.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Balachandran Gopalan, 1996. « Searching for the Sardar: The State, Pre-Capitalist Institutions and Human Agency in the Maritime Labour Market, Calcutta 1880–1935’ », dans Burton Stein & Sanjay Subramanyam (dir.), <em>Institutions and Economic Change in South Asia</em>, Delhi/New York, Oxford University Press, p. 206-236.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Carter Marina, 1995. <em>Servants, Sirdars and Settlers. Indians in Mauritius, 1834-1874</em>, Delhi/New York, Oxford University Press.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Coquery-Vidrovitch Catherine, 2021. <em>Les Routes de l’esclavage</em>. <em>Histoire des traites africaines, vi<sup>e</sup>-xx<sup>e</sup> siècle</em>, Paris, Albin Michel.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Manjapra Kris, 2018. « Plantation Dispossession : The Global Travel of Agricultural Racial Capitalism », dans Sven Beckert & Christine Desan, <em>American Capitalism</em>. <em>New Histories</em>, New York, Columbia University Press, p. 361-388. DOI : <a href="https://doi.org/10.7312/beck18524-016">10.7312/beck18524-016</a></li> <li style="text-align: left;">Mark-Thiesen Cassandra, 2012. « The ‘‘Bargain’’ of Collaboration: African Intermediaries, Indirect Recruitment, and Indigenous Institutions in the Ghanaian Gold Mining Industry, 1900–1906 », <em>International Review of Social History</em>, n° 57/S20, special issue, p. 17-38. DOI :<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-review-of-social-history/article/bargain-of-collaboration-african-intermediaries-indirect-recruitment-and-indigenous-institutions-in-the-ghanaian-gold-mining-industry-19001906/9FA2C3BAE9688B57A219442F08E10751">10.1017/S0020859012000405 r 2012</a></li> <li style="text-align: left;">Newson Linda A., 2012. « Africans and Luso-Africans in the Portuguese Slave Trade on the Upper Guinea Coast in the Early Seventeenth Century », <em>Journal of African History</em>, n° 53, p. 1-24.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Roy Tirthankar, 2008. « Sardars, Jobbers, Kanganies: The Labour Contractor and Indian Economic History », <em>Modern Asian Studies</em>, n° 42/5, p. 971-998. DOI : <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/sardars-jobbers-kanganies-the-labour-contractor-and-indian-economic-history/D81E32E6A646C946DABF0ED39D1B99CC">10.1017/S0026749X07003071</a></li> <li style="text-align: left;">Sandy Laura, 2012. « Homemakers, Supervisors, and Peach Stealing Bitches: the role of overseers’ wives on slave plantations in eighteenth-century Virginia and South Carolina », <em>Women’s History Review</em>, n° 21/3, p. 473-494. DOI : <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09612025.2012.661157">10.1080/09612025.2012.661157</a></li> <li style="text-align: left;">Stanziani Alessandro, 2018. <em>Labor on the Fringes of Empire. Voice, Exit and the Law</em>, Cham, Palgrave Macmillan.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Stubbs Tristan, 2018. <em>Masters of Violence. The Plantation Overseers of Eighteenth-Century Virginia, South Carolina, and Georgia</em>, Columbia, University of South Carolina Press.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Witzenrath Christopher (dir.), 2015. <em>Eurasian Slavery, Ransom and Abolition in World History, 1200-1860</em>, London, Routledge.</li> </ul> </div> <div id="annonce-1177545-en" class="tabContent hidden" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <h1>Theme of this Issue</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">Within the vast topic of coercive labor, middlemen, who stood at the intersection of free, enslaved, and indentured status, play a central but relatively neglected role in historiography. This issue examines their long-term situation, both under slavery and in the post-slavery era. In slave-owning societies, for example, it is important to understand the role of plantation overseers. Enslaved themselves, overseers, and occasionally even recruiters of workers after the abolition of slavery, these intermediaries in the chain of command of coerced labor were essential to the smooth functioning of the slave and post-slave system. What role did they play? Were they agents of coercion or of worker protection?</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Naturally, these relationships extended beyond the plantation; middlemen played an equally important role in family relations (e.g., as nannies) and in urban and commercial activities (slave traders, peddlers).</p> <p style="text-align: left;">These questions need to be addressed both in terms of time – slavery and post-slavery – and space (the Americas, Africa, the Indian Ocean, Eurasia, etc.) in order to grasp the specific characteristics of plantation overseers in different geographical areas and periods. We will also examine whether the role of these overseers changed with the abolition of slavery and how, depending on the region, the type of crop (cotton, sugar, coffee, etc.), the production techniques (farm or factory work), or the type of activity (trade, domestic work). Do these factors also condition the race and gender variables of the workers and the race- and gender-defined attitudes of the slave drivers themselves? In what ways?</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Before arriving at the plantation, the role of middlemen is equally central to the trafficking of captives, a phenomenon that has been relatively well documented since the early modern period. In the Atlantic, trans-Saharan, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, and Eurasian slave trades, several powers intervened, relying on local personnel (recruiters, translators, overseers, etc.) who had to be identified and then followed until the “Middle Passage” or deportation to the place of work. After the abolition of slavery, these individuals were sometimes themselves responsible for the activities of the workers’ and their supervision in the various areas mentioned.</p> <h1>Scientific Editor</h1> <p>Alessandro Stanziani, CNRS-EHESS</p> <h1>Submission Procedures</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">Articles (no more than 45,000 characters, including spaces and references) should be submitted in French, English, Spanish or Portuguese to <strong>ciresc.redaction@cnrs.fr </strong></p> <h3 style="text-align: left;">by March 1, 2025.</h3> <p style="text-align: left;">They should be accompanied by an abstract of no more than 3,600 characters including spaces. The full list of recommended guidelines is available <a href="https://journals.openedition.org/slaveries/2173?file=1">here</a>. Articles will then undergo double-blind peer review.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Final versions of accepted articles must be submitted by December 1, 2025.</p> <h1>Selected References</h1> <ul> <li style="text-align: left;">Almeida Mendes António de, 2008. “Les réseaux de la traite ibérique dans l’Atlantique Nord (1440-1640),”<em> Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales</em>, no. 63/4, pp. 739–768.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Balachandran Gopalan, 1996. “Searching for the Sardar: The State, Pre-Capitalist Institutions and Human Agency in the Maritime Labour Market, Calcutta 1880–1935’,” in Burton Stein & Sanjay Subramanyam (eds.), <em>Institutions and Economic Change in South Asia</em>, Delhi/New York, Oxford University Press, pp. 206–236.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Carter Marina, 1995. <em>Servants, Sirdars and Settlers. Indians in Mauritius, 1834-1874</em>, Delhi/New York, Oxford University Press.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Coquery-Vidrovitch Catherine, 2021. <em>Les Routes de l’esclavage</em>. <em>Histoire des traites africaines, vi<sup>e</sup>-xx<sup>e</sup> siècle</em>, Paris, Albin Michel.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Manjapra Kris, 2018. “Plantation Dispossession : The Global Travel of Agricultural Racial Capitalism,” in Sven Beckert & Christine Desan, <em>American Capitalism</em>. <em>New Histories</em>, New York, Columbia University Press, pp. 361–388.DOI : <a href="https://doi.org/10.7312/beck18524-016">10.7312/beck18524-016</a></li> <li style="text-align: left;">Mark-Thiesen Cassandra, 2012. “The ‘Bargain’ of Collaboration: African Intermediaries, Indirect Recruitment, and Indigenous Institutions in the Ghanaian Gold Mining Industry, 1900–1906,” <em>International Review of Social History</em>, no. 57/S20, special issue, pp. 17–38.DOI :<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-review-of-social-history/article/bargain-of-collaboration-african-intermediaries-indirect-recruitment-and-indigenous-institutions-in-the-ghanaian-gold-mining-industry-19001906/9FA2C3BAE9688B57A219442F08E10751">10.1017/S0020859012000405 r 2012</a></li> <li style="text-align: left;">Newson Linda A., 2012. “Africans and Luso-Africans in the Portuguese Slave Trade on the Upper Guinea Coast in the Early Seventeenth Century,” <em>Journal of African History</em>, no. 53, pp. 1–24.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Roy Tirthankar, 2008. “Sardars, Jobbers, Kanganies: The Labour Contractor and Indian Economic History,” <em>Modern Asian Studies</em>, no. 42/5, pp. 971-998. DOI : <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/sardars-jobbers-kanganies-the-labour-contractor-and-indian-economic-history/D81E32E6A646C946DABF0ED39D1B99CC">10.1017/S0026749X07003071</a></li> <li style="text-align: left;">Sandy Laura, 2012. “Homemakers, Supervisors, and Peach Stealing Bitches: the role of overseers’ wives on slave plantations in eighteenth-century Virginia and South Carolina,” <em>Women’s History Review</em>, no. 21/3, pp. 473–494. DOI : <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09612025.2012.661157">10.1080/09612025.2012.661157</a></li> <li style="text-align: left;">Stanziani Alessandro, 2018. <em>Labor on the Fringes of Empire. Voice, Exit and the Law</em>, Cham, Palgrave Macmillan.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Stubbs Tristan, 2018. <em>Masters of Violence. The Plantation Overseers of Eighteenth-Century Virginia, South Carolina, and Georgia</em>, Columbia, University of South Carolina Press.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Witzenrath Christopher (ed.), 2015. <em>Eurasian Slavery, Ransom and Abolition in World History, 1200-1860</em>, London, Routledge.</li> </ul> </div> <div id="annonce-1177545-es" class="tabContent hidden" lang="es" xml:lang="es"> <h1>Argumentario</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">En la amplia cuestión del trabajo forzoso u obligatorio, los intermediarios, ubicados en la intersección de los estatutos de libre, esclavo, no abonado, desempeñaron un rol social, relativamente desatendido por la historiografía. Este número se propone exponer sus situaciones a largo plazo, desde la trata hasta la post-esclavitud. En las sociedades esclavistas, se trata de entender, por ejemplo, el rol de los administradores de las plantaciones. Habiendo sido ellos mismos esclavos, y a veces vigilantes o reclutadores de trabajadores tras la abolición, estos intermediarios en la cadena de mando de las relaciones de trabajo forzoso fueron indispensables en el funcionamiento del sistema esclavista y post-esclavista. ¿Cuál fue su rol? ¿Fueron agentes de la coerción o bien de la protección de los trabajadores?</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Desde luego, estas relaciones van más allá del marco de la plantación. Los intermediarios desempeñaron un rol no menos importante en las relaciones familiares (las nodrizas, por ejemplo), en las actividades urbanas y comerciales (feriantes o vendedores ambulantes).</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Estas cuestiones deberán ser ubicadas en el tiempo –de la trata a la post-esclavitud– y en el espacio (Américas, África, Océano Índico, Eurasia…), con el fin de captar las especificidades de las y los vigilantes de las plantaciones en zonas geográficas y períodos diferentes. También se tratará de ver si, tras la abolición de la esclavitud, el rol de vigilantes-intermediarios se modifica y de qué manera, según la región, el tipo de cultura (algodón, azúcar, café, etc.), o en función de las técnicas de producción (trabajo agrícola o en fábricas), o aun del tipo de actividad (comercio, trabajo doméstico). ¿Condicionan estos elementos también las variables de raza y de género de trabajadoras y trabajadores? Y las actitudes de quienes vigilan, ¿son a su vez definidas por la raza y el género? ¿De qué manera ?</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Previo a la plantación, el rol de los intermediarios fue también central en la trata de seres humanos hechos cautivos, lo que ha sido relativamente bien documentado desde el principio de la época moderna. Dentro de la trata atlántica, transahariana, en el Océano Índico, en el Mediterráneo y en Eurasia, varias potencias intervinieron, recurriendo a un personal local (reclutadores, traductores, vigilantes…), que es necesario identificar, y luego seguir a lo largo del “pasaje del medio” o de la deportación, hasta el lugar de trabajo. Más allá, después de la abolición de la esclavitud, en las diferentes zonas mencionadas, estos individuos estuvieron a veces ellos mismos a cargo del trabajo o de la vigilancia de los trabajadores.</p> <h1>Editor científico</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">Alessandro Stanziani, CNRS-EHESS</p> <h1>Modalidad de presentación</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">Los artículos (de un máximo de 45 000 caracteres, con espacios y bibliografía incluidos) deberán ser enviados por correo electrónico en francés, inglés, español o portugués a <strong>ciresc.redaction@cnrs.fr</strong></p> <h3 style="text-align: left;">antes del 1<sup>ero</sup> de marzo de 2025</h3> <p style="text-align: left;">Se adjuntará una síntesis de 3 600 caracteres máximo con espacios incluidos. La lista completa de las recomendaciones para publicar en la revista está disponible <a href="https://journals.openedition.org/slaveries/470">aquí</a>. Los artículos serán sometidos al procedimiento de evaluación por pares doble ciego (<em>peer review</em>).</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Las versiones definitivas de los artículos que hayan sido aceptados deberán estar listas el 1<sup>ero</sup> de diciembre de 2025.</p> <h1>Referencias selectivas</h1> <ul> <li style="text-align: left;">Almeida Mendes António de, 2008. “Les réseaux de la traite ibérique dans l’Atlantique Nord (1440-1640)”,<em> Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales</em>, n° 63/4, p. 739-768.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Balachandran Gopalan, 1996. “Searching for the Sardar: The State, Pre-Capitalist Institutions and Human Agency in the Maritime Labour Market, Calcutta 1880–1935’”, en Burton Stein & Sanjay Subramanyam (eds.), <em>Institutions and Economic Change in South Asia</em>, Delhi/New York, Oxford University Press, p. 206-236.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Carter Marina, 1995. <em>Servants, Sirdars and Settlers. Indians in Mauritius, 1834-1874</em>, Delhi/New York, Oxford University Press.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Coquery-Vidrovitch Catherine, 2021. <em>Les Routes de l’esclavage</em>. <em>Histoire des traites africaines, vi<sup>e</sup>-xx<sup>e</sup> siècle</em>, Paris, Albin Michel.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Manjapra Kris, 2018. “Plantation Dispossession : The Global Travel of Agricultural Racial Capitalism”, en Sven Beckert & Christine Desan, <em>American Capitalism</em>. <em>New Histories</em>, New York, Columbia University Press, p. 361-388. DOI : <a href="https://doi.org/10.7312/beck18524-016">10.7312/beck18524-016</a></li> <li style="text-align: left;">Mark-Thiesen Cassandra, 2012. “The ‘Bargain’ of Collaboration: African Intermediaries, Indirect Recruitment, and Indigenous Institutions in the Ghanaian Gold Mining Industry, 1900–1906”, <em>International Review of Social History</em>, n° 57/S20, special issue, p. 17-38. DOI :<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-review-of-social-history/article/bargain-of-collaboration-african-intermediaries-indirect-recruitment-and-indigenous-institutions-in-the-ghanaian-gold-mining-industry-19001906/9FA2C3BAE9688B57A219442F08E10751">10.1017/S0020859012000405 r 2012</a></li> <li style="text-align: left;">Newson Linda A., 2012. “Africans and Luso-Africans in the Portuguese Slave Trade on the Upper Guinea Coast in the Early Seventeenth Century”, <em>Journal of African History</em>, n° 53, p. 1-24.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Roy Tirthankar, 2008. “Sardars, Jobbers, Kanganies: The Labour Contractor and Indian Economic History”, <em>Modern Asian Studies</em>, n° 42/5, p. 971-998. DOI : <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/sardars-jobbers-kanganies-the-labour-contractor-and-indian-economic-history/D81E32E6A646C946DABF0ED39D1B99CC">10.1017/S0026749X07003071</a></li> <li style="text-align: left;">Sandy Laura, 2012. “Homemakers, Supervisors, and Peach Stealing Bitches: the role of overseers’ wives on slave plantations in eighteenth-century Virginia and South Carolina”, <em>Women’s History Review</em>, n° 21/3, p. 473-494. DOI : <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09612025.2012.661157">10.1080/09612025.2012.661157</a></li> <li style="text-align: left;">Stanziani Alessandro, 2018. <em>Labor on the Fringes of Empire. Voice, Exit and the Law</em>, Cham, Palgrave Macmillan.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Stubbs Tristan, 2018. <em>Masters of Violence. The Plantation Overseers of Eighteenth-Century Virginia, South Carolina, and Georgia</em>, Columbia, University of South Carolina Press.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Witzenrath Christopher (ed.), 2015. <em>Eurasian Slavery, Ransom and Abolition in World History, 1200-1860</em>, Londres, Routledge.</li> </ul> </div> <div id="annonce-1177545-pt" class="tabContent hidden" lang="pt" xml:lang="pt"> <h1>Argumento</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">Dentro do amplo problema do trabalho constrangido e forçado, os intermediários, situados na interseção dos status de livre, escravo ou <em>engagé</em>, desempenham um papel central, apesar de ter sido relativamente negligenciado pela historiografia.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Este número propõe apresentar suas situações na longa duração, desde o tempo do trato até o pós-escravismo. Nas sociedades escravistas, trata-se, por exemplo, de entender o papel dos feitores de plantação. Sendo eles próprios escravos durante a escravidão, feitores e por vezes recrutadores depois da Abolição, esses intermediários na cadeia do comando das relações de trabalho constrangidas foram indispensáveis para o funcionamento do sistema escravista e pós-escravista. Qual era o seu papel ? Eram eles agentes da coerção ou de proteção dos trabalhadores ?</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Obviamente, essas relações extravasam o quadro da plantação ; os intermediários também desempenharam um papel importante nas relações familiares (por exemplo, as amas), nas atividades urbanas e comerciais (escravos/as ganhadores/ganhadeiras, vendedores/as ambulantes). Estas perguntas devem ser situadas no tempo – do trato ao pós-escravismo – e no espaço (Américas, África, Oceano Índico, Eurasia…) para podermos identificar as especificidades dos/as feitores/as no seio de plantações remetendo para áreas geográficas e períodos distintos.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Pretende-se também verificar a maneira pela qual, a seguir as abolições da escravidão, o papel desses feitores-intermediários mudou segundo a região, o tipo de cultura (algodão, açúcar, café, etc.), as técnicas de produção (trabalho agrícola ou nas fábricas) ou o tipo de atividade (comércio, trabalho doméstico). Estes elementos condicionariam igualmente os fatores de raça e de género dos/as trabalhadores/as e as atitudes dos próprios feitores definidas pela raça e o género ? De que maneira ?</p> <p style="text-align: left;">A montante da plantação, o papel dos intermediários foi também central no trato dos seres humanos escravizados, relativamente bem documentado desde o princípio da época moderna. No seio do trato atlântico, transaariano, no Oceano Índico, no Mediterrâneo e na Eurasia, várias potências interviram, recorrendo a um pessoal local (recrutadores, línguas, feitores…) que precisam ser identificados e acompanhados durante toda a « travessia do meio » ou da deportação até o lugar de trabalho. A jusante, depois da abolição da escravidão, nas diferentes áreas mencionadas, estes indivíduos foram por vezes encarregados do trabalho e supervisão dos trabalhadores.</p> <h1>Editor científico</h1> <p>Alessandro Stanziani, CNRS-EHESS</p> <h1>Modalidades de submissão</h1> <p style="text-align: left;">Os artigos (45.000 caracteres no máximo, espaços incluídos, bibliografia incluída) devem ser submetidos em francês, inglês, espanhol ou português à <strong>ciresc.redaction@cnrs.fr</strong></p> <h3>antes do 1<sup>o</sup> de março de 2025.</h3> <p style="text-align: left;">Têm de ser acompanhados por uma síntese de 3.600 caracteres no máximo espaços incluídos. A lista completa das recomendações às/aos autoras/es está disponível <a href="https://journals.openedition.org/slaveries/653">aqui</a>. Os artigos serão então submetidos ao processo de avaliação por pares (<em>peer review</em>), em duplo cego.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Para os artigos aceitados, as versões definitivas têm de ser prontas para o 1<sup>o</sup> de dezembro de 2025.</p> <h1>Referências seletivas</h1> <ul> <li style="text-align: left;">Almeida Mendes António de, 2008. « Les réseaux de la traite ibérique dans l’Atlantique Nord (1440-1640) »,<em> Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales</em>, n° 63/4, p. 739-768.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Balachandran Gopalan, 1996. « Searching for the Sardar: The State, Pre-Capitalist Institutions and Human Agency in the Maritime Labour Market, Calcutta 1880–1935’ », in Burton Stein & Sanjay Subramanyam (orgs.), <em>Institutions and Economic Change in South Asia</em>, Delhi/New York, Oxford University Press, p. 206-236.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Carter Marina, 1995. <em>Servants, Sirdars and Settlers. Indians in Mauritius, 1834-1874</em>, Delhi/New York, Oxford University Press.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Coquery-Vidrovitch Catherine, 2021. <em>Les Routes de l’esclavage</em>. <em>Histoire des traites africaines, vi<sup>e</sup>-xx<sup>e</sup> siècle</em>, Paris, Albin Michel.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Manjapra Kris, 2018. « Plantation Dispossession: The Global Travel of Agricultural Racial Capitalism », in Sven Beckert & Christine Desan, <em>American Capitalism</em>. <em>New Histories</em>, New York, Columbia University Press, p. 361-388. DOI : <a href="https://doi.org/10.7312/beck18524-016">10.7312/beck18524-016</a></li> <li style="text-align: left;">Mark-Thiesen Cassandra, 2012. « The ‘‘Bargain’’ of Collaboration: African Intermediaries, Indirect Recruitment, and Indigenous Institutions in the Ghanaian Gold Mining Industry, 1900–1906 », <em>International Review of Social History</em>, n° 57/S20, special issue, p. 17-38. DOI :<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-review-of-social-history/article/bargain-of-collaboration-african-intermediaries-indirect-recruitment-and-indigenous-institutions-in-the-ghanaian-gold-mining-industry-19001906/9FA2C3BAE9688B57A219442F08E10751">10.1017/S0020859012000405 r 2012</a></li> <li style="text-align: left;">Newson Linda A., 2012. « Africans and Luso-Africans in the Portuguese Slave Trade on the Upper Guinea Coast in the Early Seventeenth Century », <em>Journal of African History</em>, n° 53, p. 1-24.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Roy Tirthankar, 2008. « Sardars, Jobbers, Kanganies: The Labour Contractor and Indian Economic History », <em>Modern Asian Studies</em>, n° 42/5, p. 971-998. DOI : <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/sardars-jobbers-kanganies-the-labour-contractor-and-indian-economic-history/D81E32E6A646C946DABF0ED39D1B99CC">10.1017/S0026749X07003071</a></li> <li style="text-align: left;">Sandy Laura, 2012. « Homemakers, Supervisors, and Peach Stealing Bitches: the role of overseers’ wives on slave plantations in eighteenth-century Virginia and South Carolina », <em>Women’s History Review</em>, n° 21/3, p. 473-494. DOI : <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09612025.2012.661157">10.1080/09612025.2012.661157</a></li> <li style="text-align: left;">Stanziani Alessandro, 2018. <em>Labor on the Fringes of Empire. Voice, Exit and the Law</em>, Cham, Palgrave Macmillan.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Stubbs Tristan, 2018. <em>Masters of Violence. The Plantation Overseers of Eighteenth-Century Virginia, South Carolina, and Georgia</em>, Columbia, University of South Carolina Press.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Witzenrath Christopher (org.), 2015. <em>Eurasian Slavery, Ransom and Abolition in World History, 1200-1860</em>, Londres, Routledge.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="categories" class="cat"> <p class="intitule">Cat茅gories</p> <ul> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=228">Histoire</a> (Cat茅gorie principale)</li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=200">Soci茅t茅s</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=228">Histoire</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=234">Histoire du travail</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=200">Soci茅t茅s</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=228">Histoire</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=235">Histoire sociale</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="eventformats"><br></div> <div id="dates"> <p class="intitule">Dates</p> <ul> <li>samedi 01 mars 2025</li> </ul> </div> <div id="attachments"> <p class="intitule">Fichiers attach茅s</p> <ul> <li><a href="1177560?file=1" target="_blank">CFP_N13_EP1_FR.docx</a></li> <li><a href="1177570?file=1" target="_blank">CFP_N13_EP1_EN.pdf</a></li> <li><a href="1177580?file=1" target="_blank">CFP_N13_EP1_ES.pdf</a></li> <li><a href="1177590?file=1" target="_blank">CFP_N13_EP1_PT.pdf</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="motscles"> <p class="intitule">Mots-cl茅s</p> <ul> <li>interm茅diaires, esclavage, post-esclavage, histoire sociale, histoire culturelle</li> </ul> </div> <div id="contacts"> <p class="intitule">Contacts</p> <ul> <li>Lo茂c Nataf<br/><em>courriel :</em> loic [dot] nataf [at] cnrs [dot] fr<br/></li> </ul> </div> <div id="refurl"> <p class="intitule">URLS de r茅f茅rence</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://journals.openedition.org/slaveries/">Portail de la revue Esclavages & Post-esclavages / Slaveries & Post-Slaveries</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="source"> <p class="intitule">Source de l'information</p> <ul> <li>Lo茂c Nataf<br/><em>courriel :</em> loic [dot] nataf [at] cnrs [dot] fr</li> </ul> </div> <div id="license"> <p class="intitule">Licence</p> <p><a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"><img alt="CC0-1.0" class="cc" src="images/cc0-88x31.png" /></a> Cette annonce est mise 脿 disposition selon les termes de la <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universel</a>.</p> </div> <div id="citation"> <p class="intitule">Pour citer cette annonce</p> <p>芦 Les interm茅diaires dans la relation de travail dans les soci茅t茅s esclavagistes et post-esclavagistes, XVe si猫cle 脿 nos jours 禄, <span class="category">Appel 脿 contribution</span>, <em>Calenda</em>, Publi茅 le mercredi 10 juillet 2024, <a class="url" href="https://doi.org/10.58079/11znb">https://doi.org/10.58079/11znb</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="news" class="column last"> <div 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