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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Oleksander Shulhyn</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Choulguine" title="Alexandre Choulguine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alexandre Choulguine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%86" title="اوليكساندير شولهين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوليكساندير شولهين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C5%82eksandr_Szulhyn" title="Ołeksandr Szulhyn – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ołeksandr Szulhyn" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Шульгин, Александр Яковлевич – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шульгин, Александр Яковлевич" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Шульгин Олександр Якович – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шульгин Олександр Якович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ukrainian politician, academic, and diplomat (1889–1960)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this name that follows <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic naming customs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> is <i> Yakovych</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is <i> Shulhyn</i>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Oleksander Shulhyn</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="uk"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Олександр Шульгин</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80.jpg/220px-%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80.jpg/330px-%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80.jpg/440px-%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="713" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Shulhyn in 1930s</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretariat_of_Ukraine" title="General Secretariat of Ukraine">Secretary of International Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />17 July 1917 – 31 January 1918</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Vynnychenko" title="Volodymyr Vynnychenko">Volodymyr Vynnychenko</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Yefremov" title="Serhiy Yefremov">Serhiy Yefremov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Holubovych" title="Vsevolod Holubovych">Vsevolod Holubovych</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Ukraine Ambassador to Bulgaria</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 1918 – December 1918</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><b>Hetman</b></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pavlo_Skoropadskyi" title="Pavlo Skoropadskyi">Pavlo Skoropadskyi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fedir_Shulha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fedir Shulha (page does not exist)">Fedir Shulha</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Minister of Foreign Affairs (in exile)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1926–1936</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Prokopovych" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyacheslav Prokopovych">Vyacheslav Prokopovych</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1939–1940</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Himself</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1945–1946</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kost_Pankivsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kost Pankivsky (page does not exist)">Kost Pankivsky</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1889-07-30</span>)</span>30 July 1889<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sofyne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sofyne (page does not exist)">Sofyne</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="uk:Софине">uk</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">4 March 1960<span style="display:none">(1960-03-04)</span> (aged 70)<br /><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Democratic_Party_(1904)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Democratic Party (1904)">Ukrainian Party of Socialists-Federalists</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">Politician</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic">academic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">diplomat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oleksander_Shulhyn_Signature_1917.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Oleksander Shulhyn's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Oleksander_Shulhyn_Signature_1917.png/128px-Oleksander_Shulhyn_Signature_1917.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Oleksander_Shulhyn_Signature_1917.png/192px-Oleksander_Shulhyn_Signature_1917.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Oleksander_Shulhyn_Signature_1917.png/256px-Oleksander_Shulhyn_Signature_1917.png 2x" data-file-width="2106" data-file-height="629" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Oleksander Yakovych Shulhyn</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (30 July [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 18 July] 1889 – 4 March 1960) was a <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainian</a> <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">politician</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic">academic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">diplomat</a> who played a key role in establishing the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine</a>. He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Shevchenko_Scientific_Society" title="Shevchenko Scientific Society">Shevchenko Scientific Society</a>, a professor of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Free_University" title="Ukrainian Free University">Ukrainian Free University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, a member of the Ukrainian delegation at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Peace Conference, 1919">Paris Peace Conference, 1919</a> and a representative of Ukrainians in <a href="/wiki/International_Refugee_Organization" title="International Refugee Organization">International Refugee Organization</a> after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. During World War II (1939–40 and 1945–46) Shulhyn acted as head of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_in_exile" title="Government of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile">Government of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oleksander_Shulhyn&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shulhyn was born in the village of Sofyne (Katsapshchyna), Khorol county in <a href="/wiki/Poltava_Governorate" title="Poltava Governorate">Poltava Governorate</a> (today Andriivka rural hromada in <a href="/wiki/Lubny_Raion" title="Lubny Raion">Lubny Raion</a>) in the family of a historian and pedagogue <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yakiv_Shulhyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yakiv Shulhyn (page does not exist)">Yakiv Shulhyn</a> whose heritage is traced to the Cossack officers (starshina). He is related to <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Shulgin" title="Vasily Shulgin">Vasily Shulgin</a>. Oleksander's brother, Volodymyr perished at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kruty" title="Battle of Kruty">Battle of Kruty</a>. Shulhyn initially enrolled at the mathematics-physics department of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University" title="Saint Petersburg State University">Saint Petersburg State University</a> in 1908. In 1910 he transferred to the department of history and philosophy from which Shulhyn graduated in 1915. Later until 1917, he worked at the department as a professor's assistant. </p><p>While in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Shulhyn joined the Petersburg community of <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="uk:Товариство українських поступовців">TUP</a>, later switching to the Ukrainian Democratic-Radical Party (later Ukrainian Party of Socialist Federalists). In Petrograd he was a delegate of the Ukrainian National Council at the <a href="/wiki/Petrograd_Soviet" title="Petrograd Soviet">Petrograd Soviet</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a> Shulhyn arrived to <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a> joining the <a href="/wiki/Central_Council_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Council of Ukraine">Central Council of Ukraine</a> and later its executive committee. From July 1917 through January 30, 1918 he served as a secretary of Inter-ethnic (later Foreign) Affairs. During the time participated in the writing of the Statute of the Higher Administration of Ukraine, and organization of the Congress of peoples of Russia that took place in September 1917 in Kiev. </p><p>From July 1918, Shulhyn played a less active role in the government serving for several diplomatic missions of Ukraine in Europe when he was appointed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambassador_of_Ukraine_to_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambassador of Ukraine to Bulgaria (page does not exist)">Ambassador of Ukraine to Bulgaria</a> by the government of the <a href="/wiki/Hetman_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hetman of Ukraine">Hetman of Ukraine</a>. In 1919 Shulhyn became a member of the Ukrainian delegation to the Paris Peace Conference, and on 15 November 1920, he headed the Ukrainian delegation at the General Assembly of <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1921 Shulhyn headed the Extraordinary diplomatic mission of Ukraine in Paris. </p><p>From 1923 to 1927 Shulhyn lived in Paris and was a professor of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Free_University" title="Ukrainian Free University">Ukrainian Free University</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_Higher_Pedagogical_University_of_Drahomanov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukrainian Higher Pedagogical University of Drahomanov (page does not exist)">Ukrainian Higher Pedagogical University of Drahomanov</a>, both in Prague, where he taught history and philosophy. In Prague he revived the Radical-Democratic Party, becoming the head of its Prague committee. In 1926 Shulhyn was appointed the minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine in exile, once again leading the Ukrainian foreign policy until 1936. In 1933–38 he headed one of the League of Nations' international unions. Also, from 1929 to 1939 Shulhyn chaired the Main Emigration Council, served as a chief editor of the Paris bi-monthly magazine <i>La Revue de Prométhée</i> (1938–1940) and the Paris weekly magazine <i>Tryzub</i> (1940). During the <a href="/wiki/Military_Administration_in_France_(Nazi_Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Administration in France (Nazi Germany)">German occupation of France</a> Shulhyn was jailed in 1940–41. </p><p>After World War II in 1946 Shulhyn created the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_Academic_Society_in_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukrainian Academic Society in Paris (page does not exist)">Ukrainian Academic Society in Paris</a>, serving as its chairman until 1960. Also from 1952 to 1960, he was initiator and vice-president of the International Free Academy in Paris, which united the exiled scientists. In 1948–52 Shulhyn represented <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Refugee_Organization" title="International Refugee Organization">International Refugee Organization</a>, later until 1960 cooperated with the French organization for protection of refugees and stateless at the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oleksander_Shulhyn&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">Олександр Якович Шульгин</span>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Александр Яковлевич Шульгин</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Aleksandr Yakovlevich Shulgin</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Alexandre Choulguine</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oleksander_Shulhyn&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcsehistory.org.uk/modernworld/interwarperiod/index.htm">General information on the General Assembly</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oleksander_Shulhyn&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Ukrainian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukrcenter.com/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0/62390/%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9A%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%94%D0%95%D0%A0-%D0%A8%D0%A3%D0%9B%D0%AC%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9D/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F">Biography at the Ukrainian Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130111170206/http://unknownwar.info/-_774/">Biography of Shulhyn</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_Ministers_of_Ukraine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Prime Ministers of Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Ukraine" title="List of prime ministers of Ukraine">List of prime ministers of Ukraine</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.4em"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Ukrainian People's Republic<br />(1917–1920)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Vynnychenko" title="Volodymyr Vynnychenko">Volodymyr Vynnychenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Holubovych" title="Vsevolod Holubovych">Vsevolod Holubovych</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mykola_Sakhno-Ustymovych&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mykola Sakhno-Ustymovych (page does not exist)">Mykola Sakhno-Ustymovych</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Vasylenko" title="Mykola Vasylenko">Mykola Vasylenko</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedir_Lyzohub" title="Fedir Lyzohub">Fedir Lyzohub</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serhii_Gerbel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serhii Gerbel (page does not exist)">Serhii Gerbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Chekhivskyi" title="Volodymyr Chekhivskyi">Volodymyr Chekhivskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Ostapenko" title="Serhiy Ostapenko">Serhii Ostapenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borys_Mykolaiovych_Martos" class="mw-redirect" title="Borys Mykolaiovych Martos">Borys Martos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaak_Mazepa" title="Isaak Mazepa">Isaak Mazepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Prokopovych" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyacheslav Prokopovych">Vyacheslav Prokopovych</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.4em"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Council of Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevgenia_Bosch" title="Yevgenia Bosch">Yevgenia Bosch</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Skrypnyk" title="Mykola Skrypnyk">Mykola Skrypnyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Pyatakov" title="Georgy Pyatakov">Georgy Pyatakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Rakovsky" title="Christian Rakovsky">Christian Rakovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlas_Chubar" title="Vlas Chubar">Vlas Chubar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panas_Lyubchenko" title="Panas Lyubchenko">Panas Lyubchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Bondarenko" title="Mykhailo Bondarenko">Mykhailo Bondarenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Marchak" title="Mykola Marchak">Mykola Marchak</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demyan_Korotchenko" title="Demyan Korotchenko">Demyan Korotchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Korniyets" title="Leonid Korniyets">Leonid Korniyets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demyan_Korotchenko" title="Demyan Korotchenko">Demyan Korotchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikifor_Kalchenko" title="Nikifor Kalchenko">Nikifor Kalchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Shcherbytsky" title="Volodymyr Shcherbytsky">Volodymyr Shcherbytsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Kazanets" title="Ivan Kazanets">Ivan Kazanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Shcherbytsky" title="Volodymyr Shcherbytsky">Volodymyr Shcherbytsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Liashko" title="Oleksandr Liashko">Oleksandr Liashko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaliy_Masol" title="Vitaliy Masol">Vitaliy Masol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostyantyn_Masyk" title="Kostyantyn Masyk">Kostyantyn Masyk</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitold_Fokin" title="Vitold Fokin">Vitold Fokin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.4em"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Government (in exile)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Livytskyi" title="Andriy Livytskyi">Andriy Livytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pylyp_Pylypchuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pylyp Pylypchuk (page does not exist)">Pylyp Pylypchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Livytskyi" title="Andriy Livytskyi">Andriy Livytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Prokopovych" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyacheslav Prokopovych">Vyacheslav Prokopovych</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oleksander Shulhyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Prokopovych" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyacheslav Prokopovych">Vyacheslav Prokopovych</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andriy_Yakovliv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andriy Yakovliv (page does not exist)">Andriy Yakovliv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostiantyn_Pankivskyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kostiantyn Pankivskyi (page does not exist)">Kostiantyn Pankivskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaak_Mazepa" title="Isaak Mazepa">Isaak Mazepa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stepan_Baran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stepan Baran (page does not exist)">Stepan Baran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spyrydon_Dovhal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spyrydon Dovhal (page does not exist)">Spyrydon Dovhal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symon_Sozontiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symon Sozontiv (page does not exist)">Symon Sozontiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Livytskyi" title="Mykola Livytskyi">Mykola Livytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spyrydon_Dovhal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spyrydon Dovhal (page does not exist)">Spyrydon Dovhal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atanas_Figol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atanas Figol (page does not exist)">Atanas Figol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spyrydon_Dovhal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spyrydon Dovhal (page does not exist)">Spyrydon Dovhal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasyl_Fedoronchuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasyl Fedoronchuk (page does not exist)">Vasyl Fedoronchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teofil_Leontiy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teofil Leontiy (page does not exist)">Teofil Leontiy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Kedryn-Rudnytskyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Kedryn-Rudnytskyi (page does not exist)">Ivan Kedryn-Rudnytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teofil_Leontiy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teofil Leontiy (page does not exist)">Teofil Leontiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Rudnyckyj" title="Jaroslav Rudnyckyj">Yaroslav-Bohdan Rudnytsky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Samiylenko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Samiylenko (page does not exist)">Ivan Samiylenko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Ukraine">Cabinet of Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitold_Fokin" title="Vitold Fokin">Vitold Fokin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentyn_Symonenko" title="Valentyn Symonenko">Valentyn Symonenko</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kuchma" title="Leonid Kuchma">Leonid Kuchma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukhym_Zvyahilsky" title="Yukhym Zvyahilsky">Yukhym Zvyahilsky</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaliy_Masol" title="Vitaliy Masol">Vitaliy Masol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevhen_Marchuk" title="Yevhen Marchuk">Yevhen Marchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlo_Lazarenko" title="Pavlo Lazarenko">Pavlo Lazarenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasyl_Durdynets" title="Vasyl Durdynets">Vasyl Durdynets</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeriy_Pustovoitenko" title="Valeriy Pustovoitenko">Valeriy Pustovoitenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yushchenko" title="Viktor Yushchenko">Viktor Yushchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoliy_Kinakh" title="Anatoliy Kinakh">Anatoliy Kinakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Azarov" title="Mykola Azarov">Mykola Azarov</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Azarov" title="Mykola Azarov">Mykola Azarov</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Yulia Tymoshenko">Yulia Tymoshenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Yekhanurov" title="Yuriy Yekhanurov">Yuriy Yekhanurov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulia_Tymoshenko" title="Yulia Tymoshenko">Yulia Tymoshenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Azarov" title="Mykola Azarov">Mykola Azarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Arbuzov" title="Serhiy Arbuzov">Serhiy Arbuzov</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Groysman" title="Volodymyr Groysman">Volodymyr Groysman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksiy_Honcharuk" title="Oleksiy Honcharuk">Oleksiy Honcharuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Shmyhal" title="Denys Shmyhal">Denys Shmyhal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> denotes acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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