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Supercentenário – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre

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class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Incidência" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incidência"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Incidência</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incidência-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pesquisa_em_Gerontologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pesquisa_em_Gerontologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pesquisa em Gerontologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pesquisa_em_Gerontologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Etimologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mortalidade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mortalidade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mortalidade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mortalidade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recordes_registados" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recordes_registados"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Recordes registados</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recordes_registados-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Listas_de_supercentenários" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Listas_de_supercentenários"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Listas de supercentenários</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Listas_de_supercentenários-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_também" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_também"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ver também</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_também-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Supercentenário</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 33 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82" title="معمر فائق — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معمر فائق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Супердоўгажыхар — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Супердоўгажыхар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstogodi%C5%A1njaci" title="Superstogodišnjaci — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Superstogodišnjaci" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenari" title="Supercentenari — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Supercentenari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenarian" title="Supercentenarian — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Supercentenarian" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%89%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Υπεραιωνόβιος — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπεραιωνόβιος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenarian" title="Supercentenarian — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Supercentenarian" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenario" title="Supercentenario — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Supercentenario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87" title="ابرصدساله — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابرصدساله" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenaire" title="Supercentenaire — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Supercentenaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9C_110" title="גיל 110 — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גיל 110" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szupercenten%C3%A1rius" title="Szupercentenárius — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szupercentenárius" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenario" title="Supercentenario — interlíngua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Supercentenario" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlíngua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenarian" title="Supercentenarian — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Supercentenarian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenario" title="Supercentenario — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Supercentenario" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3" title="スーパーセンテナリアン — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スーパーセンテナリアン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%88%ED%8D%BC%EC%84%BC%ED%8B%B0%EB%84%A4%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B8" title="슈퍼센티네리언 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="슈퍼센티네리언" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supereeuweling" title="Supereeuweling — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Supereeuweling" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superhundre%C3%A5ring" title="Superhundreåring — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Superhundreåring" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstulatek" title="Superstulatek — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Superstulatek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Супердолгожитель — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Супердолгожитель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstogodi%C5%A1njaci" title="Superstogodišnjaci — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Superstogodišnjaci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenarian" title="Supercentenarian — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Supercentenarian" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstoletnik" title="Superstoletnik — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Superstoletnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superqindvje%C3%A7ar%C3%ABt" title="Superqindvjeçarët — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Superqindvjeçarët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%9A%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Суперстогодишњаци — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Суперстогодишњаци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superhundra%C3%A5ring" title="Superhundraåring — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Superhundraåring" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="அதீத நூற்றாண்டாளர் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அதீத நூற்றாண்டாளர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCper_as%C4%B1rl%C4%B1k" title="Süper asırlık — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Süper asırlık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Супердовгожитель — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Супердовгожитель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سپر سنچیرین — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سپر سنچیرین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li 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.text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:362px;max-width:362px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:205px;max-width:205px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:190px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:GeertAdriaansBoomgaard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Geert Adriaans Boomgaard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/GeertAdriaansBoomgaard.jpg/203px-GeertAdriaansBoomgaard.jpg" decoding="async" width="203" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/GeertAdriaansBoomgaard.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="214" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:153px;max-width:153px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:190px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Margaret_Neve_110.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Margaret Ann Neve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Margaret_Neve_110.jpg/151px-Margaret_Neve_110.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Margaret_Neve_110.jpg/227px-Margaret_Neve_110.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Margaret_Neve_110.jpg/302px-Margaret_Neve_110.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1336" data-file-height="1798" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">À esquerda, <a href="/wiki/Geert_Adriaans_Boomgaard" title="Geert Adriaans Boomgaard">Geert Adriaans Boomgaard</a> (1788-1899), o primeiro homem e primeira pessoa a ser verificado supercentenário; à direita, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Ann_Neve" title="Margaret Ann Neve">Margaret Ann Neve</a> (1792-1903), a primeira mulher e segunda pessoa verificada supercentenária.</div></div></div></div> <p><b>Supercentenário</b> é a designação atribuída a uma pessoa que atinge a faixa de idade a partir de 110 anos de idade.<sup id="cite_ref-GRG_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRG-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> O número de mulheres supercentenárias é significativamente maior do que o de homens supercentenários. </p><p>O reconhecimento pelo <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> de pessoa supercentenária é o reconhecimento mais aceito mundialmente, no entanto existem indivíduos mais velhos e até reconhecidos pelas autoridades, como por exemplo o brasileiro <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Coelho_de_Souza" title="José Coelho de Souza">José Coelho de Souza</a> reconhecido pela <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_do_Seguro_Social" title="Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social">Agência da Previdência Social (APS)</a> da <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">República Federativa do Brasil</a> como tendo 131 anos, mas o seu caso não foi submetido ao livro do <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness</a>, portanto não consta como <a href="/wiki/Recorde" title="Recorde">recorde</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O livro do Guinness identifica a pessoa como tendo vivido mais tempo a <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francesa</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Calment" title="Jeanne Calment">Jeanne Calment</a>, que faleceu aos 122 anos e 164 dias de idade. Este não é um reconhecimento definitivo pois existem vários relatos documentados (certidões de nascimento e falecimento) que registam pessoas mais velhas, mas que as entradas ainda não foram submetidas ou ainda não foram certificadas pelo <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a>. </p><p>Em <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> continental, a pessoa mais velha reconhecida pelo livro do <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness</a> foi <a href="/wiki/Maria_de_Jesus_(supercenten%C3%A1ria)" title="Maria de Jesus (supercentenária)">Maria de Jesus</a>, que viveu 115 anos e 114 dias, tendo sido a <a href="/wiki/Decano_da_Humanidade" title="Decano da Humanidade">decana da humanidade</a> desde 26 de Novembro de 2008 até 2 de Janeiro de 2009. No <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> a revista reconheceu <a href="/wiki/Maria_Gomes_Valentim" title="Maria Gomes Valentim">Maria Gomes Valentim</a>, que viveu 114 anos e 347 dias, foi a <a href="/wiki/Decano_da_Humanidade" title="Decano da Humanidade">decana da humanidade</a> desde <a href="/wiki/4_de_Novembro" class="mw-redirect" title="4 de Novembro">4 de Novembro</a> de 2010 até 21 de Junho de 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> E em <a href="/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde">Cabo Verde</a> foi <a href="/wiki/Adelina_Domingues" title="Adelina Domingues">Adelina Domingues</a>, que faleceu aos 114 anos e 183 dias nos <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>, foi a <a href="/wiki/Decano_da_Humanidade" title="Decano da Humanidade">decana da humanidade</a> desde 28 de maio&#160;de&#160;2002&#160;até&#160;21 de agosto&#160;de&#160;2002. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incidência"><span id="Incid.C3.AAncia"></span>Incidência</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar secção: Incidência" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Incidência"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O <a href="/wiki/Gerontology_Research_Group" title="Gerontology Research Group">Gerontology Research Group</a> mantém uma lista das 30 ou 40 pessoas mais velhas vivas com idade verificada. Os pesquisadores estimam, com base em uma taxa entre 0,15% e 0,25% de sobrevivência de centenários até os 110 anos de idade, que deveriam existir de 300 a 450 supercentenários no mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-GRG-2003_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRG-2003-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GRG-current_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRG-current-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> Um estudo de 2010 conduzido pelo Instituto Max Planck para Pesquisa Demográfica registrou 663 supercentenários confirmados, vivos e mortos, e mostrou que os países com o maior número - não frequência - de supercentenários eram os <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> o <a href="/wiki/Jap%C3%A3o" title="Japão">Japão</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra">Inglaterra</a> junto com o <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_de_Gales" title="País de Gales">País de Gales</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, e a <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A1lia" title="Itália">Itália</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O primeiro supercentenário verificado na história da humanidade foi o <a href="/wiki/Neerland%C3%AAs" class="mw-disambig" title="Neerlandês">neerlandês (holandês)</a> <a href="/wiki/Geert_Adriaans_Boomgaard" title="Geert Adriaans Boomgaard">Geert Adriaans Boomgaard</a> (1788-1899).<sup id="cite_ref-GRG-gallery_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRG-gallery-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pesquisa_em_Gerontologia">Pesquisa em Gerontologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar secção: Pesquisa em Gerontologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Pesquisa em Gerontologia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grupo de Pesquisa em Gerontologia<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zaslow_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zaslow-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> conduziu pesquisas em supercentenários<sup id="cite_ref-bruin_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruin-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> e no envelhecimento.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 2020, os cientistas reprogramaram pela primeira vez células de uma mulher de 114 anos de idade para células-tronco pluripotentes induzidas (iPSCs).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar secção: Etimologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Etimologia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O termo significa alguém acima de 110 anos, em comparação com <a href="/wiki/Centen%C3%A1rio_(idade)" title="Centenário (idade)">centenário</a> que significa genericamente quem já completou 100 anos. </p><p>O termo <i>supercentenário</i><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> e o termo <i>ultracentenário</i> começou a ter uso deste o Séc. XIX quando a admiração de recordes começou a tomar mais atenção do público. Os termos foram popularizados em 1991 por William Strauss e Neil Howe no seu livro <i>Generations</i>, no entanto o termo ultracentenário tinha sido primeiramente usado<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> por Norris McWhirter, editor do livro <i><a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">The Guinness Book of Records</a></i>, aquando da correspondência com o pesquisador de longevidade A. Ross Eckler Jr. </p><p>Entretanto apareceu o termo semi-supercentenário para indivíduos com idades entre 105 e 109 anos.<sup id="cite_ref-JGA_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JGA-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar secção: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Historia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alega%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_longevidade_extrema" title="Alegações de longevidade extrema">Alegações de longevidade extrema</a> tem persistido ao longo da história, pelo menos mais de 1500 existiram,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> no entanto a maioria não teve documentação suficiente para validar afirmação feita. Isto está gradualmente mudando devido à standardização dos registros de nascimento e maior acesso aos registros existentes. </p><p>O primeiro supercentenário a ser reconhecido pelo <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> foi o holandês Thomas Peters (1745–1857). No entanto historiadores como o francês Jean-Marie Robine, consideram que Geert Adriaans Boomgaard (que alcançou 110 anos em 1898), ser somente o primeiro holandês com documentação verificável. Isto mostra que a determinação do recorde de supercentenário é muito variável visto o Guinness não ser a única entidade promover esta identificação. </p><p>Outro caso é o do inglês William Hiseland que alcançou 112 anos (1620–1733) mas que a sua documentação não atende aos padrões do Guinness. Esta disputa acontece mesmo com registros precisos como os da Igreja Norueguesa (Johannes Torpe (1549–1664) e Knud Erlandson Etun (1659–1770) ou por exemplo o caso de João Coelho de Souza que foi reconhecido recentemente pela <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">República Federativa do Brasil</a> como tendo oficialmente 131 anos (com perícias forenses e judiciais que confirmaram). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mortalidade">Mortalidade</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editar secção: Mortalidade" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Mortalidade"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pesquisas no campo da mortalidade e <a href="/wiki/Esperan%C3%A7a_de_vida" title="Esperança de vida">longevidade</a> descobriram que os supercentenários permaneceram livres de <a href="/wiki/Doen%C3%A7a_cr%C3%B4nica" title="Doença crônica">doenças crónicas</a> até ao fim da vida, morrendo por deficiências químicas que levaram ao fim da <a href="/wiki/Homeostase" title="Homeostase">Homeostase biológica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JGA_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JGA-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> Cerca de 10% dos supercentenários sobrevive até aos últimos 3 meses de vida sem doenças relacionadas com a idade, um valor alto comparado com os 4% dos semi-supercentenários e 3% dos centenários.<sup id="cite_ref-JGA_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JGA-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Medindo as características biológicas das células dos supercentenários, os pesquisadores foram capazes de identificar as partes mais protegidas do decaimento celular originado pela idade. De acordo com o estudo, feito em 30 partes do corpo de uma supercentenárias de 112 anos, o <a href="/wiki/Cerebelo" title="Cerebelo">cerebelo</a> é protegido de envelhecer tanto. Isto foi verificado através de um marcador <a href="/wiki/Epigen%C3%A9tica" title="Epigenética">epigenético</a> chamado <a href="/wiki/Metila%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_ADN" title="Metilação do ADN">relógio epigenético</a> — a medição mostrava uma idade 15 anos menor do que o esperado.<sup id="cite_ref-Horvath2015cerebellum_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horvath2015cerebellum-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> Esta descoberta pode explicar porque o <a href="/wiki/Cerebelo" title="Cerebelo">cerebelo</a> exibe menores marcas de demência derivada da idade, comparado com outras regiões do cérebro. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recordes_registados">Recordes registados</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Editar secção: Recordes registados" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Recordes registados"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ver artigo&#32;principal: <a href="/wiki/Decano_da_Humanidade" title="Decano da Humanidade">Decano da Humanidade</a></div> <p>Na tabela seguinte indica-se o número de pessoas supercentenárias reconhecidas pelo <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> e <a href="/wiki/Gerontology_Research_Group" title="Gerontology Research Group">Gerontology Research Group</a> que atingiram cada idade comprovadamente acima dos 110 anos de vida: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><b>Idade</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><b>Número</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>122 </td> <td rowspan="3">1 (<a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Calment" title="Jeanne Calment">Jeanne Calment</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-GRG-WSRL_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRG-WSRL-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>121 </td></tr> <tr> <td>120 </td></tr> <tr> <td>119 </td> <td>3 (J. Calment e <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Knauss" title="Sarah Knauss">Sarah Knauss</a>, e <a href="/wiki/Kane_Tanaka" title="Kane Tanaka">Kane Tanaka</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-GRG-WSRL_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRG-WSRL-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>118</td> <td>4 (J. Calment e Sarah Knauss, Kane Tanaka, e <a href="/wiki/Lucile_Randon" title="Lucile Randon">Lucile Randon</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-GRG-WSRL_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRG-WSRL-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>117</td> <td>Mais de 8 pessoas<sup id="cite_ref-GRG-WSRL_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRG-WSRL-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>116</td> <td>Mais de 20 pessoas<sup id="cite_ref-GRG-WSRL_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRG-WSRL-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>115</td> <td>Mais de 40 pessoas<sup id="cite_ref-GRG-WSRL_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRG-WSRL-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>114</td> <td>Mais de 110 pessoas<sup id="cite_ref-GRG-WSRL_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRG-WSRL-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>113</td> <td>Mais de ... </td></tr> <tr> <td>112</td> <td>Mais de ... </td></tr> <tr> <td>111</td> <td>Mais de ... </td></tr> <tr> <td>110</td> <td>Mais de 600 pessoas<sup id="cite_ref-GRG-WSRL_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRG-WSRL-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Listas_de_supercentenários"><span id="Listas_de_supercenten.C3.A1rios"></span>Listas de supercentenários</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Editar secção: Listas de supercentenários" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Listas de supercentenários"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Existem outros registros mais abrangentes que incluem os registros do Guinness e também registros reconhecidos por autoridades como por exemplo pela <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">República Federativa do Brasil</a> ou pela <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">República Portuguesa</a> que figuram como supercentenários (alguns até com mais idade) como se pode ver nas listas abaixo: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_supercenten%C3%A1rios_portugueses" title="Lista de supercentenários portugueses">Lista de supercentenários portugueses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_supercenten%C3%A1rios_brasileiros" title="Lista de supercentenários brasileiros">Lista de supercentenários brasileiros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_supercenten%C3%A1rios_africanos" title="Lista de supercentenários africanos">Lista de supercentenários africanos</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alega%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_longevidade_extrema" title="Alegações de longevidade extrema">Alegações de longevidade extrema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decano_da_Humanidade" title="Decano da Humanidade">Decano da Humanidade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envelhecimento" title="Envelhecimento">Envelhecimento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontology_Research_Group" title="Gerontology Research Group">Gerontology Research Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idoso" title="Idoso">Idoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_das_pessoas_mais_velhas_do_mundo" title="Lista das pessoas mais velhas do mundo">Lista de supercentenários de sempre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_supercenten%C3%A1rios_vivos" title="Lista de supercentenários vivos">Lista de supercentenários vivos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zonas_Azuis" title="Zonas Azuis">Zonas Azuis</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GRG-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GRG_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grg.org/"><i>Gerontology Research Group</i> - Grupo de Pesquisas em Gerontologia.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Euler de França Belém (13 janeiro 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jornalopcao.com.br/ultimas-noticias/homem-mais-velho-do-mundo-e-encontrado-no-acre-teria-131-anos-56323/">«Homem mais velho do mundo é encontrado no Acre. Teria 131 anos.»</a>. <i>Jornal Opção</i>. Jornal Opção<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 3 de janeiro de 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASupercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;rft.atitle=Homem+mais+velho+do+mundo+%C3%A9+encontrado+no+Acre.+Teria+131+anos.&amp;rft.au=Euler+de+Fran%C3%A7a+Bel%C3%A9m&amp;rft.date=2016-01-13&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Jornal+Op%C3%A7%C3%A3o&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jornalopcao.com.br%2Fultimas-noticias%2Fhomem-mais-velho-do-mundo-e-encontrado-no-acre-teria-131-anos-56323%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://community.guinnessworldrecords.com/_New-Oldest-Living-Person/blog/3633054/7691.html">Guiness confirma Maria Gomes Valentim como a mais velha do Mundo</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRG-2003-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GRG-2003_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Gerontology Research Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grg.org/WSRL/TableE.aspx">«GRG World Supercentenarian Rankings List (note 2 at bottom of page)»</a>. <i>grg.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 24 de dezembro de 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASupercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;rft.atitle=GRG+World+Supercentenarian+Rankings+List+%28note+2+at+bottom+of+page%29&amp;rft.au=Gerontology+Research+Group&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=grg.org&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgrg.org%2FWSRL%2FTableE.aspx&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRG-current-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GRG-current_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Gerontology Research Group (21 de abril de 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supercentenarian-research-foundation.org/TableE.aspx">«Table E: Current Validated Living Supercentenarians»</a>. <i>supercentenarian-research-foundation.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 24 de abril de 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASupercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;rft.atitle=Table+E%3A+Current+Validated+Living+Supercentenarians&amp;rft.au=Gerontology+Research+Group&amp;rft.date=2017-04-21&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=supercentenarian-research-foundation.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsupercentenarian-research-foundation.org%2FTableE.aspx&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Rosenwaike, Ira; Stone, Leslie F. (2003). «Verification of the Ages of Supercentenarians in the United States: Results of a Matching Study». <i>Demography</i>. <b>40</b> (4). pp.&#160;727–739. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1515205">1515205</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1353%2Fdem.2003.0038">10.1353/dem.2003.0038</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASupercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;rft.atitle=Verification+of+the+Ages+of+Supercentenarians+in+the+United+States%3A+Results+of+a+Matching+Study&amp;rft.au=Stone%2C+Leslie+F.&amp;rft.aufirst=Ira&amp;rft.aulast=Rosenwaike&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=Demography&amp;rft.pages=727-739&amp;rft.volume=40&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1515205&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fdem.2003.0038&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Maier, H.; Gampe, J.; Jeune, B.; Robine, J.-M.; Vaupel, J. W., eds. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demogr.mpg.de/en/projects_publications/publications_1904/monographs/supercentenarians_3866.htm"><i>Supercentenarians</i></a>. Col: Demographic Research Monographs. [S.l.]: <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-3-642-11519-6" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-3-642-11519-6">978-3-642-11519-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-642-11520-2">10.1007/978-3-642-11520-2</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 13 de abril de 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASupercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;rft.btitle=Supercentenarians&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-642-11519-6&amp;rft.pub=Springer&amp;rft.series=Demographic+Research+Monographs&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.demogr.mpg.de%2Fen%2Fprojects_publications%2Fpublications_1904%2Fmonographs%2Fsupercentenarians_3866.htm&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-642-11520-2&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">CSMonitor Staff (10 de agosto de 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/World/2010/0810/Supercentenarians-around-the-world">«Supercentenarians around the world»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 13 de abril de 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASupercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;rft.atitle=Supercentenarians+around+the+world&amp;rft.au=CSMonitor+Staff&amp;rft.date=2010-08-10&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2F2010%2F0810%2FSupercentenarians-around-the-world&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRG-gallery-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GRG-gallery_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grg.org/Gallery/Pre1850sGallery.html">«Pre1850sGallery.html, as of October 3, 2016»</a>. <i>www.grg.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 24 de abril de 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASupercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;rft.atitle=Pre1850sGallery.html%2C+as+of+October+3%2C+2016&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.grg.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grg.org%2FGallery%2FPre1850sGallery.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Medina, Jennifer (30 de janeiro de 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/30/nyregion/30old.html?_r=2">«In Connecticut, World's Oldest Woman Dies at 114.»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 29 de dezembro de 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASupercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;rft.atitle=In+Connecticut%2C+World%27s+Oldest+Woman+Dies+at+114.&amp;rft.aufirst=Jennifer&amp;rft.aulast=Medina&amp;rft.date=2007-01-30&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F01%2F30%2Fnyregion%2F30old.html%3F_r%3D2&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zaslow-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-zaslow_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Zaslow" title="Jeffrey Zaslow">Zaslow, Jeffrey</a> (28 de fevereiro de 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05059/463487.stm">«Gerontology sleuths search for 'supercentenarians<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette" title="Pittsburgh Post-Gazette">Pittsburgh Post-Gazette</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 29 de dezembro de 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASupercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;rft.atitle=Gerontology+sleuths+search+for+%27supercentenarians%27&amp;rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&amp;rft.aulast=Zaslow&amp;rft.date=2005-02-28&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Post-Gazette&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.post-gazette.com%2Fpg%2F05059%2F463487.stm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bruin-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bruin_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Inouye, Emily (9 de junho de 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailybruin.com/2004/06/09/research-group-tracks-oldest-l/">«Research group tracks oldest-living people»</a>. Daily Bruin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 29 de dezembro de 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASupercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;rft.atitle=Research+group+tracks+oldest-living+people&amp;rft.aufirst=Emily&amp;rft.aulast=Inouye&amp;rft.date=2004-06-09&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailybruin.com%2F2004%2F06%2F09%2Fresearch-group-tracks-oldest-l%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">O'Brien, Dennis (31 de dezembro de 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2006-12-31/news/0612310020_1_genetics-centenarians-perls">«Researchers look for secrets of living to 100 and beyond»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Sun" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore Sun">Baltimore Sun</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 29 de dezembro de 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASupercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;rft.atitle=Researchers+look+for+secrets+of+living+to+100+and+beyond&amp;rft.aufirst=Dennis&amp;rft.aulast=O%27Brien&amp;rft.date=2006-12-31&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Baltimore+Sun&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.baltimoresun.com%2F2006-12-31%2Fnews%2F0612310020_1_genetics-centenarians-perls&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Wilson, Duff (15 de abril de 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/15/business/yourmoney/15aging.html">«Aging: Disease or Business Opportunity?»</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 20 de dezembro de 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASupercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;rft.atitle=Aging%3A+Disease+or+Business+Opportunity%3F&amp;rft.aufirst=Duff&amp;rft.aulast=Wilson&amp;rft.date=2007-04-15&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F04%2F15%2Fbusiness%2Fyourmoney%2F15aging.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techexplorist.com/scientists-reprogrammed-cells-from-a-114-year-old-woman/30982/">«Scientists reprogrammed cells from a 114-year-old woman»</a> (em inglês). 21 de março de 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASupercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;rft.btitle=Scientists+reprogrammed+cells+from+a+114-year-old+woman&amp;rft.date=2020-03-21&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techexplorist.com%2Fscientists-reprogrammed-cells-from-a-114-year-old-woman%2F30982%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/61101720/?terms=supercentenarian">«Death of a Super-centenarian»</a>. <i>The Tralee Chronicle and Killarney Echo</i>. 15 de novembro de 1870<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de fevereiro de 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASupercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;rft.atitle=Death+of+a+Super-centenarian&amp;rft.date=1870-11-15&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Tralee+Chronicle+and+Killarney+Echo&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F61101720%2F%3Fterms%3Dsupercentenarian&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/33861951/?image=33861951&amp;words=&amp;terms=supercentenarian">«The Doctors and the Microbes»</a>. <i>The Inter Ocean</i>. 10 de outubro de 1897<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de fevereiro de 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASupercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;rft.atitle=The+Doctors+and+the+Microbes&amp;rft.date=1897-10-10&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Inter+Ocean&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F33861951%2F%3Fimage%3D33861951%26words%3D%26terms%3Dsupercentenarian&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Gibb, G. (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1449542">«Ultra-Centenarian Longevity»</a>. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. <i>The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland</i>. <b>5</b>: 82–101. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2841365">2841365</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F2841365">10.2307/2841365</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASupercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;rft.atitle=Ultra-Centenarian+Longevity&amp;rft.aufirst=G.&amp;rft.aulast=Gibb&amp;rft.date=1876&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Anthropological+Institute+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&amp;rft.pages=82-101&amp;rft.volume=5&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2841365&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1449542&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2841365&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JGA-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-JGA_19-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-JGA_19-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-JGA_19-2">c</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Anderson, Stacy L.; Sebastiani, Paola; Dworkis, Daniel A.; Feldman, Lori; Perls, Thomas T. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biomedgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/content/67A/4/395.full">«Health Span Approximates Life Span Among Many Supercentenarians: Compression of Morbidity at the Approximate Limit of Life Span»</a>. <i>The Journals of Gerontology: Series A</i>. <b>67A</b> (4): 395–405. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3309876">3309876</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22219514">22219514</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fgerona%2Fglr223">10.1093/gerona/glr223</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 28 de fevereiro de 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASupercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;rft.atitle=Health+Span+Approximates+Life+Span+Among+Many+Supercentenarians%3A+Compression+of+Morbidity+at+the+Approximate+Limit+of+Life+Span&amp;rft.au=Dworkis%2C+Daniel+A.&amp;rft.au=Feldman%2C+Lori&amp;rft.au=Perls%2C+Thomas+T.&amp;rft.au=Sebastiani%2C+Paola&amp;rft.aufirst=Stacy+L.&amp;rft.aulast=Anderson&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Journals+of+Gerontology%3A+Series+A&amp;rft.pages=395-405&amp;rft.volume=67A&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3309876&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiomedgerontology.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcontent%2F67A%2F4%2F395.full&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgerona%2Fglr223&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22219514&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grg.org/Adams/b.HTM">Gerontology Research Group: Verified Supercentenarians (Ranked By Age) as of January 1, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Horvath2015cerebellum-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Horvath2015cerebellum_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Horvath S, Mah V, Lu AT, Woo JS, Choi OW, Jasinska AJ, Riancho JA, Tung S, Coles NS, Braun J, Vinters HV, Coles LS (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.impactaging.com/papers/v7/n5/pdf/100742.pdf">«The cerebellum ages slowly according to the epigenetic clock.»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Age (Albany US)</i>. <b>7</b> (5): 294–306. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4468311">4468311</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26000617">26000617</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.18632%2Faging.100742">10.18632/aging.100742</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASupercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;rft.atitle=The+cerebellum+ages+slowly+according+to+the+epigenetic+clock.&amp;rft.au=Braun%2C+J&amp;rft.au=Choi%2C+OW&amp;rft.au=Coles%2C+LS&amp;rft.au=Coles%2C+NS&amp;rft.au=Jasinska%2C+AJ&amp;rft.au=Lu%2C+AT&amp;rft.au=Mah%2C+V&amp;rft.au=Riancho%2C+JA&amp;rft.au=Tung%2C+S&amp;rft.au=Vinters%2C+HV&amp;rft.au=Woo%2C+JS&amp;rft.aufirst=S&amp;rft.aulast=Horvath&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.jtitle=Age+%28Albany+US%29&amp;rft.pages=294-306&amp;rft.volume=7&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4468311&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.impactaging.com%2Fpapers%2Fv7%2Fn5%2Fpdf%2F100742.pdf&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18632%2Faging.100742&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26000617&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRG-WSRL-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRG-WSRL_22-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRG-WSRL_22-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRG-WSRL_22-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRG-WSRL_22-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRG-WSRL_22-4">e</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRG-WSRL_22-5">f</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRG-WSRL_22-6">g</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRG-WSRL_22-7">h</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">GRG. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grg.org/WSRL/TableE.aspx">«GRG World Supercentenarian Rankings List»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASupercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;rft.au=GRG&amp;rft.btitle=GRG+World+Supercentenarian+Rankings+List&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgrg.org%2FWSRL%2FTableE.aspx&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/datablog/2016/dec/03/the-oldest-people-who-have-ever-lived-in-data">The Guardian - The oldest people who have ever lived – in data</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supercenten%C3%A1rio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(em inglês) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recordholders.org/en/list/oldest.html">Louis Epstein: <i>As pessoas mais longevas</i> &#8212; lista de pessoas com idade acima de cem anos validada por documentos.</a></li> <li>(em inglês) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.supercentenarian-research-foundation.org/index.htm">"Supercentenarian Research Foundation"</a></li> <li>(em inglês) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.supercentenarians.org/">Banco de Dados Internacional sobre Longevidade</a></li> <li>(em inglês) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grg.org/">Grupo de pesquisa em Gerontologia</a></li> <li>(em inglês) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://the110club.com/">110Club - Agremiação de interessados em tópicos sobre os supercentenários</a></li></ul> <ul class="noprint navigation-box" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; border-right: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; border-left: solid silver 1px; padding:3px; background-color: #F9F9F9; text-align: center; margin-top:10px; margin-left: 0; clear: both;"><li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Gnome-home.svg" title="Portal da sociedade"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gnome-home.svg/25px-Gnome-home.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" 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