CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Markorv Switching</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Markorv Switching"> <meta name="keywords" content="Markorv Switching"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Markorv Switching" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Markorv Switching"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 440</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Markorv Switching</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">440</span> Macroeconomic Determinants of Cyclical Variations in Value, Size, and Momentum Premium in the UK</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Sarwar">G. Sarwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Mateus"> C. Mateus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Todorovic"> N. Todorovic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper examines the asymmetries in size, value and momentum premium over the economic cycles in the UK and their macroeconomic determinants. Using Markov switching approach we find clear evidence of cyclical variations of the three premiums, most noticeably variations in size premium. We associate Markov switching regime 1 with economic upturn and regime 2 with economic downturn as per OECD’s Composite Leading Indicator. The macroeconomic indicators prompting such cyclicality the most are interest rates, term structure and credit spread. The role of GDP growth, money supply and inflation is less pronounced in our sample. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroeconomic%20determinants" title="macroeconomic determinants">macroeconomic determinants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markorv%20Switching" title=" Markorv Switching"> Markorv Switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=size" title=" size"> size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value" title=" value "> value </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23394/macroeconomic-determinants-of-cyclical-variations-in-value-size-and-momentum-premium-in-the-uk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23394.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">486</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">439</span> Domain Switching Characteristics of Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mitsuhiro%20Okayasu">Mitsuhiro Okayasu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To better understand the lattice characteristics of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics, the lattice orientations and domain-switching characteristics have been directly examined during loading and unloading using various experimental techniques. Upon loading, the PZT ceramics are fractured linear and nonlinearly during the compressive loading process. The strain characteristics of the PZT ceramic were directly affected by both the lattice and domain switching strain. Due to the piezoelectric ceramic, electrical activity of lightning-like behavior occurs in the PZT ceramics, which attributed to the severe domain-switching leading to weak piezoelectric property. The characteristics of domain-switching and reverse switching are detected during the loading and unloading processes. The amount of domain-switching depends on the grain, due to different stress levels. In addition, two patterns of 90˚ domain-switching systems are characterized, namely (i) 90˚ turn about the tetragonal c-axis and (ii) 90˚ rotation of the tetragonal a-axis. In this case, PZT ceramic was loaded by the thermal stress at 80°C. Extent of domain switching is related to the direction of c-axis of the tetragonal structure, e.g., that axis, orientated close to the loading direction, makes severe domain switching. It is considered that there is 90˚ domain switching, but in actual, the angle of domain switching is less than 90˚, e.g., 85.4° ~ 90.0°. In situ TEM observation of the domain switching characteristics of PZT ceramic has been conducted with increasing the sample temperature from 25°C to 300°C, and the domain switching like behavior is directly observed from the lattice image, where the severe domain switching occurs less than 100°C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PZT" title="PZT">PZT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20zirconate%20titanate" title=" lead zirconate titanate"> lead zirconate titanate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectric%20ceramic" title=" piezoelectric ceramic"> piezoelectric ceramic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domain%20switching" title=" domain switching"> domain switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20property" title=" material property"> material property</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89317/domain-switching-characteristics-of-lead-zirconate-titanate-piezoelectric-ceramic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">438</span> Code-Switching and Code Mixing among Ogba-English Bilingual Conversations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben-Fred%20Ohia">Ben-Fred Ohia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Code-switching and code-mixing are linguistic behaviours that arise in a bilingual situation. They limit speakers in a conversation to decide which code they should use to utter particular phrases or words in the course of carrying out their utterance. Every human society is characterized by the existence of diverse linguistic varieties. The speakers of these varieties at some points have various degrees of contact with the non-speakers of their variety, which one of the outcomes of the linguistic contact is code-switching or code-mixing. The work discusses the nature of code-switching and code-mixing in Ogba-English bilinguals’ speeches. It provides a detailed explanation of the concept of code-switching and code-mixing and explains the typology of code-switching and code-mixing and their manifestation in Ogba-English bilingual speakers’ speeches. The findings reveal that code-switching and code-mixing are functionally motivated and being triggered by various conversational contexts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilinguals" title="bilinguals">bilinguals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code-mixing" title=" code-mixing"> code-mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code-switching" title=" code-switching"> code-switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogba" title=" Ogba"> Ogba</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122982/code-switching-and-code-mixing-among-ogba-english-bilingual-conversations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">437</span> Switching Losses in Power Electronic Converter of Switched Reluctance Motor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Asghar%20Memon">Ali Asghar Memon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A cautious and astute selection of switching devices used in power electronic converters of a switched reluctance (SR) motor is required. It is a matter of choice of best switching devices with respect to their switching ability rather than fulfilling the number of switches. This paper highlights the computational determination of switching losses comprising of switch-on, switch-off and conduction losses respectively by using experimental data in simulation model of a SR machine. The finding of this research is helpful for proper selection of electronic switches and suitable converter topology for switched reluctance motor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=converter" title="converter">converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operating%20modes" title=" operating modes"> operating modes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switched%20reluctance%20motor" title=" switched reluctance motor"> switched reluctance motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20losses" title=" switching losses"> switching losses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35250/switching-losses-in-power-electronic-converter-of-switched-reluctance-motor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">507</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">436</span> Relaxing Convergence Constraints in Local Priority Hysteresis Switching Logic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubarak%20Alhajri">Mubarak Alhajri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper addresses certain inherent limitations of local priority hysteresis switching logic. Our main result establishes that under persistent excitation assumption, it is possible to relax constraints requiring strict positivity of local priority and hysteresis switching constants. Relaxing these constraints allows the adaptive system to reach optimality which implies the performance improvement. The unconstrained local priority hysteresis switching logic is examined and conditions for global convergence are derived. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20control" title="adaptive control">adaptive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergence" title=" convergence"> convergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hysteresis%20constant" title=" hysteresis constant"> hysteresis constant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hysteresis%20switching" title=" hysteresis switching"> hysteresis switching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61209/relaxing-convergence-constraints-in-local-priority-hysteresis-switching-logic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61209.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">435</span> Code Switching: A Case Study Of Lebanon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wassim%20Bekai">Wassim Bekai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Code switching, as its name states, is altering between two or more languages in one sentence. The speaker tends to use code switching in his/her speech for better clarification of his/her message to the receiver. It is commonly used in sociocultural countries such as Lebanon because of the various cultures that have come across its lands through history, considering Lebanon is geographically located in the heart of the world, and hence between many cultures and languages. In addition, Lebanon was occupied by Turkish authorities for about 400 years, and later on by the French mandate, where both of these countries forced their languages in official papers and in the Lebanese educational system. In this paper, the importance of code switching in the Lebanese workplace will be examined, stressing the efficiency and amount of the production resulting from code switching in the workplace (factories, universities among other places) in addition to exploring the social, education, religious and cultural factors behind this phenomenon in Lebanon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code%20switching" title="code switching">code switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lebanon" title=" Lebanon"> Lebanon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural" title=" cultural"> cultural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factors" title=" factors"> factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143945/code-switching-a-case-study-of-lebanon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143945.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">434</span> Code – Switching in a Flipped Classroom for Foreign Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Tutova">E. Tutova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Ebzeeva"> Y. Ebzeeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Gishkaeva"> L. Gishkaeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.Smirnova"> Y.Smirnova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Dubinina"> N. Dubinina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have been working with students from different countries and found it crucial to switch the languages to explain something. Whether it is Russian, or Chinese, explaining in a different language plays an important role for students’ cognitive abilities. In this work we are going to explore how code switching may impact the student’s perception of information. Code-switching is a tool defined by linguists as a switch from one language to another for convenience, explanation of terms unavailable in an initial language or sometimes prestige. In our case, we are going to consider code-switching from the function of convenience. As a rule, students who come to study Russian in a language environment, lack many skills in speaking the language. Thus, it is made harder to explain the rules for them of another language, which is English. That is why switching between English, Russian and Mandarin is crucial for their better understanding. In this work we are going to explore the code-switching as a tool which can help a teacher in a flipped classroom. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilingualism" title="bilingualism">bilingualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20linguistics" title=" psychological linguistics"> psychological linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code-switching" title=" code-switching"> code-switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20linguistics" title=" social linguistics"> social linguistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163259/code-switching-in-a-flipped-classroom-for-foreign-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">433</span> Code-Switching in Facebook Chatting Among Maldivian Teenagers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aaidha%20Hammad">Aaidha Hammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the phenomenon of code switching among teenagers in the Maldives while they carry out conversations through Facebook in the form of “Facebook Chatting”. The current study aims at evaluating the frequency of code-switching and it investigates between what languages code-switching occurs. Besides the study identifies the types of words that are often codeswitched and the triggers for code switching. The methodology used in this study is mixed method of qualitative and quantitative approach. In this regard, the chat log of a group conversation between 10 teenagers was collected and analyzed. A questionnaire was also administered through online to 24 different teenagers from different corners of the Maldives. The age of teenagers ranged between 16 and 19 years. The findings of the current study revealed that while Maldivian teenagers chat in Facebook they very often code switch and these switches are most commonly between Dhivehi and English, but some other languages are also used to some extent. It also identified the different types of words that are being often code switched among the teenagers. Most importantly it explored different reasons behind code switching among the Maldivian teenagers in Facebook chatting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code-switching" title="code-switching">code-switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Facebook" title=" Facebook"> Facebook</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Facebook%20chatting%20Maldivian%20teenagers" title=" Facebook chatting Maldivian teenagers"> Facebook chatting Maldivian teenagers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71159/code-switching-in-facebook-chatting-among-maldivian-teenagers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71159.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">432</span> A Comprehensive Evaluation of IGBTs Performance under Zero Current Switching</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ly.%20Benbahouche">Ly. Benbahouche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, several soft switching topologies have been studied to achieve high power switching efficiency, reduced cost, improved reliability and reduced parasites. It is well known that improvement in power electronics systems always depend on advanced in power devices. The IGBT has been successfully used in a variety of switching applications such as motor drives and appliance control because of its superior characteristics. The aim of this paper is focuses on simulation and explication of the internal dynamics of IGBTs behaviour under the most popular soft switching schemas that is Zero Current Switching (ZCS) environments. The main purpose of this paper is to point out some mechanisms relating to current tail during the turn-off and examination of the response at turn-off with variation of temperature, inductance L, snubber capacitors Cs, and bus voltage in order to achieve an improved understanding of internal carrier dynamics. It is shown that the snubber capacitor, the inductance and even the temperature controls the magnitude and extent of the tail current, hence the turn-off time (switching speed of the device). Moreover, it has also been demonstrated that the ZCS switching can be utilized efficiently to improve and reduce the power losses as well as the turn-off time. Furthermore, the turn-off loss in ZCS was found to depend on the time of switching of the device. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PT-IGBT" title="PT-IGBT">PT-IGBT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZCS" title=" ZCS"> ZCS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turn-off%20losses" title=" turn-off losses"> turn-off losses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dV%2Fdt" title=" dV/dt"> dV/dt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6516/a-comprehensive-evaluation-of-igbts-performance-under-zero-current-switching" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">431</span> Effect of Personality on Consumer Switching: Moderating Role of Involvement and Value of Services</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjali%20Sharma">Anjali Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20R.%20K.%20Sharma"> R. R. K. Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to examine relationships between personality factors and customer switching for services. Earlier research was directed towards establishing relationship between individual personality traits and customer switching variables considering five-factors model comprised of five personality dimensions (OCEAN), in which personality was not the only influencing factor. Moreover, these works were found to be focused on products and not services. In contrast, the current study is aimed at investigating role of personality using Myer Briggs Type indicator (MBTI) as well as Five-Big Factors, on customer switching and building the conceptual framework on services rather than products. MBTI also known as four opposite pairs or dichotomies of personality dimensions are studied using different levels Involvement (High, Low) of consumer and Value of service-offering (Value for money and Premium) as moderators associated with Consumer Switching. The study is unique in sense that consequences of these indicators of personality on switching behavior has never been studied using considering moderating effect of involvement and value of services. According to our prepositions for a more Extrovert, Intuitive Personality the switching is going to be high whereas the switching is going to be less for an Introvert, Judgmental kind of personality. Similarly, for a consumer with high Neuroticism and Agreeableness the switching would be less as compared to an Open and Conscious Personality type. These level differs with level of a consumer’s involvement and type of a service being offered based on its value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20switching" title="consumer switching">consumer switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=involvement" title=" involvement"> involvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myer%20Briggs%20personality%20type%20indicators" title=" Myer Briggs personality type indicators"> Myer Briggs personality type indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality" title=" personality"> personality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20of%20service" title=" value of service"> value of service</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85188/effect-of-personality-on-consumer-switching-moderating-role-of-involvement-and-value-of-services" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">430</span> A Sociolinguistic Investigation of Code-Switching Practices of ESL Students Outside EFL Classrooms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shehroz%20Mukhtar">Shehroz Mukhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maqsood%20Ahmed"> Maqsood Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Mukhtar"> Abdullah Mukhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choudhry%20Shahid"> Choudhry Shahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waqar%20Javaid"> Waqar Javaid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Code switching is a common phenomenon, generally observed in multilingual communities across the globe. A critical look at code switching literature reveals that mostly code switching has been studied in classroom in learning and teaching context while code switching outside classroom in settings such as café, hostel and so on have been the least explored areas. Current research investigated the reasons for code switching in the interactive practices of students and their perceptions regarding the same outside the classroom settings. This paper is the study of the common practice that prevails in the Universities of Sialkot that bilinguals mix two languages when they speak in different class room situations. In Pakistani classrooms where Multilingual are in abundance i.e. they can speak two or more than two languages at the same time, the code switching or language combination is very common. The teachers of Sialkot switch from one language to another consciously or unconsciously while teaching English in the class rooms. This phenomenon has not been explored in the Sialkot’s teaching context. In Sialkot private educational institutes does not encourage code-switching whereas the public or government institutes use it frequently. The crux of this research is to investigate and identify the importance of code switching by taking its users in consideration. Survey research method and survey questionnaire will be used to get exact data from teachers and students. We will try to highlight the functions and importance of code switching in foreign language classrooms of Sialkot and will explore why this trend is emerging in Sialkot. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code%20switching" title="code switching">code switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilingual%20context" title=" bilingual context"> bilingual context</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L1" title=" L1"> L1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L2" title=" L2"> L2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184377/a-sociolinguistic-investigation-of-code-switching-practices-of-esl-students-outside-efl-classrooms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">429</span> A Sociolinguistic Investigation of Code-Switching Practices of ESL Students Outside EFL Classrooms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shehroz%20Mukhtar">Shehroz Mukhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maqsood%20Ahmed"> Maqsood Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Mukhtar"> Abdullah Mukhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choudhry%20Shahid"> Choudhry Shahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waqar%20Javaid"> Waqar Javaid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Code switching is a common phenomenon, generally observed in multilingual communities across the globe. A critical look at code-switching literature reveals that mostly code-switching has been studied in the classrooms in learning and teaching contexts, while code-switching outside the classroom in settings such as café, hostels and so on has been the least explored areas. The current research investigated the reasons for code-switching in the interactive practices of students and their perceptions regarding the same outside the classroom settings. This paper is the study of the common practice that prevails in the Universities of Sialkot that bilinguals mix two languages when they speak in different classroom situations. In Pakistani classrooms where Multilingual is in abundance, i.e. they can speak two or more two languages at the same time, code-switching or language combination is very common. The teachers of Sialkot switch from one language to another consciously or unconsciously while teaching English in the classrooms. This phenomenon has not been explored in Sialkot’s teaching context. In Sialkot, private educational institutes do not encourage code-switching, whereas public or government institutes use it frequently. The crux of this research is to investigate and identify the importance of code-switching by taking its users into consideration. The survey research method and survey questionnaire will be used to get exact data from teachers and students. We will try to highlight the functions and importance of code switching in foreign language classrooms of Sialkot and will explore why this trend is emerging in Sialkot. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code%20switching" title="code switching">code switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20language%20classrooms" title=" foreign language classrooms"> foreign language classrooms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilingual%20context" title=" bilingual context"> bilingual context</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=use%20of%20L1" title=" use of L1"> use of L1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=importance%20of%20L2." title=" importance of L2."> importance of L2.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184351/a-sociolinguistic-investigation-of-code-switching-practices-of-esl-students-outside-efl-classrooms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184351.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">428</span> Multi-Level Pulse Width Modulation to Boost the Power Efficiency of Switching Amplifiers for Analog Signals with Very High Crest Factor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Doutreloigne">Jan Doutreloigne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main goal of this paper is to develop a switching amplifier with optimized power efficiency for analog signals with a very high crest factor such as audio or DSL signals. Theoretical calculations show that a switching amplifier architecture based on multi-level pulse width modulation outperforms all other types of linear or switching amplifiers in that respect. Simulations on a 2 W multi-level switching audio amplifier, designed in a 50 V 0.35 mm IC technology, confirm its superior performance in terms of power efficiency. A real silicon implementation of this audio amplifier design is currently underway to provide experimental validation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audio%20amplifier" title="audio amplifier">audio amplifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-level%20switching%20amplifier" title=" multi-level switching amplifier"> multi-level switching amplifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20efficiency" title=" power efficiency"> power efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulse%20width%20modulation" title=" pulse width modulation"> pulse width modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PWM" title=" PWM"> PWM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-oscillating%20amplifier" title=" self-oscillating amplifier"> self-oscillating amplifier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82607/multi-level-pulse-width-modulation-to-boost-the-power-efficiency-of-switching-amplifiers-for-analog-signals-with-very-high-crest-factor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">427</span> Investigating Effective Factors on the Customer Switching Behaviour in the Saipa Emdad Khodro Company of Iran </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohollah%20Asadian%20Kohestani">Rohollah Asadian Kohestani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Hashemzadeh"> Mustafa Hashemzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper is the outcome of a field research that was conducted with the study objective of influencing factor's effect on the behavior of customers switching in the Saipa Emdad Khodro Company. To achieve this goal, six factors of service quality, service cost, waiting time to receive services, reputation of organization, costs of switching and the way to respond the needs of customers as the independent variables of research and their effect on the customer switching was studied as the variable related to the research. The statistical society of this research included all customers of the Saipa Emdad Khodro company that possess the vehicles of automobile manufacturing group of Saipa throughout the country and the statistical sample included 150 persons of such customers. The results of this research indicated that all under study factors excluding the reputation factor effect on the behavior of customer switching. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20services" title="customer services">customer services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20cost" title=" switching cost"> switching cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20price" title=" service price"> service price</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20switching%20behavior" title=" customer switching behavior"> customer switching behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31661/investigating-effective-factors-on-the-customer-switching-behaviour-in-the-saipa-emdad-khodro-company-of-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">426</span> Language Switching Errors of Bilinguals: Role of Top down and Bottom up Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Numra%20Qayyum">Numra Qayyum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samina%20Sarwat"> Samina Sarwat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20ul%20Ain"> Noor ul Ain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bilingual speakers generally can speak both languages with the same competency without mixing them intentionally and making mistakes, but sometimes errors occur in language selection. This quantitative study particularly deals with the language errors made by Urdu-English bilinguals. In this research, researchers have given special attention to the part played by bottom-up priming and top-down cognitive control in these errors. Unstable Urdu-English bilingual participants termed pictures and were prompted to shift from one language to another under the pressure of time. Different situations were given to manipulate the participants. The long and short runs trials of the same language were also given before switching to another language. The study is concluded with the findings that bilinguals made more errors when switching to the first language from their second language, and these errors are large in number, especially when a speaker is switching from L2 (second language) to L1 (first language) after a long run. When the switching is reversed, i.e., from L2 to LI, it had no effect at all. These results gave the clear responsibility of all these errors to top-down cognitive control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bottom%20up%20priming" title="bottom up priming">bottom up priming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20error" title=" language error"> language error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20switching" title=" language switching"> language switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=top%20down%20cognitive%20control" title=" top down cognitive control"> top down cognitive control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117687/language-switching-errors-of-bilinguals-role-of-top-down-and-bottom-up-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">425</span> High-Frequency Full-Bridge Isolated DC-DC Converter for Fuel Cell Power Generation Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabil%20A.%20Ahmed">Nabil A. Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> DC-DC converters are necessary to interface low-voltage fuel cell power generation systems to a higher voltage DC bus system. A system and method for generating a regulated output power from fuel cell power generation systems is proposed in this paper, this includes a soft-switching isolated DC-DC converter to reduce the idling and circulating currents. The system incorporates a high-frequency center tap transformer link DC-DC converter using secondary-side soft switching control. Snubber capacitors including the parasitic capacitance of the switching devices and the transformer leakage inductance are utilized to achieve zero-voltage switching (ZVS) in the primary side of the high-frequency transformer. Therefore, no extra resonant components are required for ZVS. The inherent soft-switching capability allows high power density, efficient power conversion, and compact packaging. A prototype rated at 6.5 kW is proposed and simulated. Simulation results confirmed a wide range of soft-switching operation and consequently high conversion efficiency will be achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary-side" title="secondary-side">secondary-side</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase-shift" title=" phase-shift"> phase-shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-frequency%20transformer" title=" high-frequency transformer"> high-frequency transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero%20voltage" title=" zero voltage"> zero voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero%20current" title=" zero current"> zero current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20switching%20operation" title=" soft switching operation"> soft switching operation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20losses" title=" switching losses"> switching losses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44935/high-frequency-full-bridge-isolated-dc-dc-converter-for-fuel-cell-power-generation-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44935.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">424</span> Multi-Layer Mn-Doped SnO2 Thin Film for Multi-State Resistive Switching</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhemi%20Xu">Zhemi Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dewei%20Chu"> Dewei Chu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sean%20Li"> Sean Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Well self-assembled pure and Mn-doped SnO2 nanocubes were synthesized by interface thermodynamic method, which is ideal for highly homogeneous large scale thin film deposition on flexible substrates for various electric devices. Mn-doped SnO2 shows very good resistive switching with high On/Off ratio (over 103), endurance and retention characteristics. More important, the resistive state can be tuned by multi-layer fabrication by alternate pure SnO2 and Mn-doped SnO2 nanocube layer, which improved the memory capacity of resistive switching effectively. Thus, such a method provides transparent, multi-level resistive switching for next generation non-volatile memory applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20oxides" title="metal oxides">metal oxides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-assembly%20nanoparticles" title=" self-assembly nanoparticles"> self-assembly nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-level%20resistive%20switching" title=" multi-level resistive switching"> multi-level resistive switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-layer%20thin%20film" title=" multi-layer thin film"> multi-layer thin film</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60140/multi-layer-mn-doped-sno2-thin-film-for-multi-state-resistive-switching" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">423</span> Playing Light Switching Games with Langton's Turmite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Crista%20Arangala">Crista Arangala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Light switching games are both popular and well studied. This paper introduces a cellular automata called Langton’s turmite to several different light switching scenarios and discusses when Langton’s turmite can solve these games. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automata" title="cellular automata">cellular automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lights%20out" title=" lights out"> lights out</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alien%20tiles" title=" alien tiles"> alien tiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaos" title=" chaos"> chaos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Langton%27s%20Turmite" title=" Langton's Turmite"> Langton's Turmite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31642/playing-light-switching-games-with-langtons-turmite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">422</span> Spread Spectrum with Notch Frequency Using Pulse Coding Method for Switching Converter of Communication Equipment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasunori%20Kobori">Yasunori Kobori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Futoshi%20Fukaya"> Futoshi Fukaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takuya%20Arafune"> Takuya Arafune</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nobukazu%20Tsukiji"> Nobukazu Tsukiji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nobukazu%20Takai"> Nobukazu Takai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haruo%20Kobayashi"> Haruo Kobayashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes an EMI spread spectrum technique to enable to set notch frequencies using pulse coding method for DC-DC switching converters of communication equipment. The notches in the spectrum of the switching pulses appear at the frequencies obtained from empirically derived equations with the proposed spread spectrum technique using the pulse coding methods, the PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) coding or the PCM (Pulse Cycle Modulation) coding. This technique would be useful for the switching converters in the communication equipment which receives standard radio waves, without being affected by noise from the switching converters. In our proposed technique, the notch frequencies in the spectrum depend on the pulse coding method. We have investigated this technique to apply to the switching converters and found that there is good relationship agreement between the notch frequencies and the empirical equations. The notch frequencies with the PWM coding is equal to the equation F=k/(WL-WS). With the PCM coding, that is equal to the equation F=k/(TL-TS). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=notch%20frequency" title="notch frequency">notch frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulse%20coding" title=" pulse coding"> pulse coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spread%20spectrum" title=" spread spectrum"> spread spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20converter" title=" switching converter"> switching converter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44582/spread-spectrum-with-notch-frequency-using-pulse-coding-method-for-switching-converter-of-communication-equipment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">421</span> The Translation of Code-Switching in African Literature: Comparing the Two German Translations of Ngugi Wa Thiongo’s "Petals of Blood"</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omotayo%20Olalere">Omotayo Olalere</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relevance of code-switching for intercultural communication through literary translation cannot be overemphasized. The translation of code-switching and its implications for translations studies have been studied in the context of African literature. In these cases, code-switching was examined in the more general terms of its usage in source text and not particularly in Ngugi’s novels and its translations. In addition, the functions of translation and code-switching in the lyrics of some popular African songs have been studied, but this study is related more with oral performance than with written literature. As such, little has been done on the German translation of code-switching in African works. This study intends to fill this lacuna by examining the concept of code-switching in the German translations in Ngugi’s Petals of Blood. The aim is to highlight the significance of code-switching as a phenomenon in this African (Ngugi’s) novel written in English and to also focus on its representation in the two German translations. The target texts to be used are Verbrannte Blueten and Land der flammenden Blueten. “Abrogration“ as a concept will play an important role in the analysis of the data. Findings will show that the ideology of a translator plays a huge role in representing the concept of “abrogration” in the translation of code-switching in the selected source text. The study will contribute to knowledge in translation studies by bringing to limelight the need to foreground aspects of language contact in translation theory and practice, particularly in the African context. Relevant translation theories adopted for the study include Bandia’s (2008) postcolonial theory of translation and Snell-Hornby”s (1988) cultural translation theory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code%20switching" title="code switching">code switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=german%20translation" title=" german translation"> german translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ngugi%20wa%20thiong%E2%80%99o" title=" ngugi wa thiong’o"> ngugi wa thiong’o</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petals%20of%20blood" title=" petals of blood"> petals of blood</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168732/the-translation-of-code-switching-in-african-literature-comparing-the-two-german-translations-of-ngugi-wa-thiongos-petals-of-blood" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168732.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">420</span> An Elegant Technique to Achieve ZCS in a Boost Converter Incorporating Complete Energy Transfer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagesh%20Vangala">Nagesh Vangala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayudu%20Mannam"> Rayudu Mannam </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soft switching has attracted the interest of various researchers constantly. Many techniques are in vogue to achieve soft switching (ZVS and/or ZCS) in Boost converters. These techniques utilize an auxiliary switch to incorporate the ZCS/ZVS. Such schemes require additional control circuit and induce complexity in design. This paper proposes an elegant fly back approach which guarantees zero current switching of the main Switch without the need for any additional active device. A simple flyback transformer scheme is implemented which absorbs the initial turn ON energy (or the Reverse recovery energy of Boost diode) and delivers to the output. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boost%20converter" title="boost converter">boost converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complete%20energy%20transfer" title=" complete energy transfer"> complete energy transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flyback" title=" flyback"> flyback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero%20current%20switching" title=" zero current switching"> zero current switching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14340/an-elegant-technique-to-achieve-zcs-in-a-boost-converter-incorporating-complete-energy-transfer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">419</span> Resistive Switching in TaN/AlNx/TiN Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsin-Ping%20Huang">Hsin-Ping Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shyankay%20Jou"> Shyankay Jou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Resistive switching of aluminum nitride (AlNx) thin film was demonstrated in a TaN/AlNx/TiN memory cell that was prepared by sputter deposition techniques. The memory cell showed bipolar switching of resistance between +3.5 V and –3.5 V. The resistance ratio of high resistance state (HRS) to low resistance state (HRS), RHRS/RLRS, was about 2 over 100 cycles of endurance test. Both the LRS and HRS of the memory cell exhibited ohmic conduction at low voltages and Poole-Frenkel emission at high voltages. The electrical conduction in the TaN/AlNx/TiN memory cell was possibly attributed to the interactions between charges and defects in the AlNx film. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20nitride" title="aluminum nitride">aluminum nitride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonvolatile%20memory" title=" nonvolatile memory"> nonvolatile memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistive%20switching" title=" resistive switching"> resistive switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20films" title=" thin films"> thin films</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7604/resistive-switching-in-tanalnxtin-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7604.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">418</span> A Single Switch High Step-Up DC/DC Converter with Zero Current Switching Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahil%20Samani">Rahil Samani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Soleimani"> Saeed Soleimani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Adib"> Ehsan Adib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Pahlevani"> Majid Pahlevani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an inverting high step-up DC/DC converter. Basically, this high step-up DC/DC converter is an appealing interface for solar applications. The proposed topology takes advantage of using coupled inductors. Due to the leakage inductances of these coupled inductors, the power MOSFET has the zero current switching (ZCS) condition, which results in decreased switching losses. This will substantially improve the overall efficiency of the power converter. Furthermore, employing coupled inductors has led to a higher voltage gain. Theoretical analysis and experimental results of a 100W 20V/220V prototype are presented to verify the superior performance of the proposed DC/DC converter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupled%20inductors" title="coupled inductors">coupled inductors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20step-up%20DC%2FDC%20converter" title=" high step-up DC/DC converter"> high step-up DC/DC converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero-current%20switching" title=" zero-current switching"> zero-current switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuk%20converter" title=" Cuk converter"> Cuk converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEPIC%20converter" title=" SEPIC converter"> SEPIC converter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107674/a-single-switch-high-step-up-dcdc-converter-with-zero-current-switching-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">719</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">417</span> A Single Phase ZVT-ZCT Power Factor Correction Boost Converter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yakup%20Sahin">Yakup Sahin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naim%20Suleyman%20Ting"> Naim Suleyman Ting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Aksoy"> Ismail Aksoy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a single phase soft switched Zero Voltage Transition and Zero Current Transition (ZVT-ZCT) Power Factor Correction (PFC) boost converter is proposed. In the proposed PFC converter, the main switch turns on with ZVT and turns off with ZCT without any additional voltage or current stresses. Auxiliary switch turns on and off with zero current switching (ZCS). Also, the main diode turns on with zero voltage switching (ZVS) and turns off with ZCS. The proposed converter has features like low cost, simple control and structure. The output current and voltage are controlled by the proposed PFC converter in wide line and load range. The theoretical analysis of converter is clarified and the operating steps are given in detail. The simulation results of converter are obtained for 500 W and 100 kHz. It is observed that the semiconductor devices operate with soft switching (SS) perfectly. So, the switching power losses are minimum. Also, the proposed converter has 0.99 power factor with sinusoidal current shape. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20factor%20correction" title="power factor correction">power factor correction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero-voltage%20transition" title=" zero-voltage transition"> zero-voltage transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero-current%20transition" title=" zero-current transition"> zero-current transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20switching" title=" soft switching"> soft switching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43261/a-single-phase-zvt-zct-power-factor-correction-boost-converter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43261.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">803</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">416</span> On Control of Asynchronous Sequential Machines with Switching Capability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Min%20Yang">Jung-Min Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Corrective control enables us to change the stable state behavior of an asynchronous sequential machine without modifying inner logic of the machine. This paper addresses corrective control for asynchronous machines with switching capability. The considered asynchronous machine consists of a set of different submachines and switches to each machine according to a constant switching sequence. The control goal is to design a corrective controller such that the closed-loop system can match the behavior of a reference model. The reachability of the switched asynchronous machine is described by a logic calculation of the reachability of submachines. The design procedure of the proposed corrective controller is outlined, and the applicability of the proposed scheme is validated in an example. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switched%20asynchronous%20sequential%20machines" title="switched asynchronous sequential machines">switched asynchronous sequential machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrective%20control" title=" corrective control"> corrective control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20feedback" title=" state feedback"> state feedback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20sequences" title=" switching sequences"> switching sequences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14853/on-control-of-asynchronous-sequential-machines-with-switching-capability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">415</span> A Novel Parametric Chaos-Based Switching System PCSS for Image Encryption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Salah%20Azzaz">Mohamed Salah Azzaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camel%20Tanougast"> Camel Tanougast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20Hadjem"> Tarek Hadjem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a new low-cost image encryption technique is proposed and analyzed. The developed chaos-based key generator provides complex behavior and can change it automatically via a random-like switching rule. The designed encryption scheme is called PCSS (Parametric Chaos-based Switching System). The performances of this technique were evaluated in terms of data security and privacy. Simulation results have shown the effectiveness of this technique, and it can thereafter, ready for a hardware implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaos" title="chaos">chaos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encryption" title=" encryption"> encryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image" title=" image "> image </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23606/a-novel-parametric-chaos-based-switching-system-pcss-for-image-encryption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">414</span> A High Time Resolution Digital Pulse Width Modulator Based on Field Programmable Gate Array’s Phase Locked Loop Megafunction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Wang">Jun Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tingcun%20Wei"> Tingcun Wei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The digital pulse width modulator (DPWM) is the crucial building block for digitally-controlled DC-DC switching converter, which converts the digital duty ratio signal into its analog counterpart to control the power MOSFET transistors on or off. With the increase of switching frequency of digitally-controlled DC-DC converter, the DPWM with higher time resolution is required. In this paper, a 15-bits DPWM with three-level hybrid structure is presented; the first level is composed of a7-bits counter and a comparator, the second one is a 5-bits delay line, and the third one is a 3-bits digital dither. The presented DPWM is designed and implemented using the PLL megafunction of FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), and the required frequency of clock signal is 128 times of switching frequency. The simulation results show that, for the switching frequency of 2 MHz, a DPWM which has the time resolution of 15 ps is achieved using a maximum clock frequency of 256MHz. The designed DPWM in this paper is especially useful for high-frequency digitally-controlled DC-DC switching converters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DPWM" title="DPWM">DPWM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digitally-controlled%20DC-DC%20switching%20converter" title=" digitally-controlled DC-DC switching converter"> digitally-controlled DC-DC switching converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FPGA" title=" FPGA"> FPGA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLL%20megafunction" title=" PLL megafunction"> PLL megafunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20resolution" title=" time resolution"> time resolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50826/a-high-time-resolution-digital-pulse-width-modulator-based-on-field-programmable-gate-arrays-phase-locked-loop-megafunction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">480</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">413</span> A Study on the Impact of Perceived Benefits and Switching Costs of Consumers When Shifting from Brick and Mortar Store to Online Shopping of Apparels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Havisha%20Banda">Havisha Banda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent advancements in technology have facilitated commerce around the globe. The online medium of commerce has provided and will continue to provide great opportunities for consumers and businesses. Advancements in technology enable apparel stores, for instance, to improve their online services by using personalized virtual models allowing consumers to visualize the product on the model to determine correct sizing and fit. In addition to many advantages in online shopping the consumers will also have to undergo many types of switching costs in this process of buying apparel online. This study is to identify such switching costs and switching benefits from traditional shopping to online shopping and to understand what the consumers value the most. The scope of this study is to understand the types of switching costs and the factors that actually allow the consumers to shift from brick and mortar to online shopping and also to understand why a certain set of customers consider to purchase offline. Hence this study helps to understand the perceived cost and perceived benefit relation that the consumer draws in purchasing the garments online. This will help the upcoming e-commerce sites and brick and mortar store to understand the various factors and formulate new policies and implement strategies in their own ways to attract the customers and to retain them. A sample of 35 is considered for the process of laddered interviews. In the era of e-commerce there are people who feel comfortable to shop in a retail store rather than online purchase. Few respondents who shop online do not prefer to shop apparel online. Few respondents said that they shop online only for apparels. Most of the variables match in terms of switching costs and also in regard to benefits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title="e-commerce">e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20costs" title=" switching costs"> switching costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20benefits" title=" switching benefits"> switching benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apparel%20shopping" title=" apparel shopping"> apparel shopping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29150/a-study-on-the-impact-of-perceived-benefits-and-switching-costs-of-consumers-when-shifting-from-brick-and-mortar-store-to-online-shopping-of-apparels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29150.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">412</span> Jopara: Conversational Code Switching Between Spanish and Guarani a Sociolinguistic Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Alejandra%20Mareco">Maria Alejandra Mareco</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to explore a communicative strategy used by Guaraní-Spanish bilingual speakers. It will be presented in English or Spanish. This strategy is conversational code-switching, which is used by people from rural as well as urban areas in Formosa, Argentina and Paraguay. Guarani is an Aboriginal Language that is the official language in Paraguay. Code-switching is a language-processing phenomenon that creates communicative and social meaning in a given community. This paper poses a broad question at the onset of this study: Spanish-Guaraní speakers tend to use four different conversational code-switching patterns in their oral alternations, these four categories being: quotation, addressee specification, reiteration, and interjections. Later, spoken data were prioritized in terms of their importance and potential impact on the hypothesis outlined. Different groups of people were observed in real-world settings. They consisted of fourteen proficient Spanish Guaraní bilingual speakers from different social groups and ages. Afterward, a group of informants was chosen to obtain a wide range of natural encounters. Informants were observed with special attention to their natural communication, particularly oral interactions. Furthermore, the relationship between interlocutors during code-switching, as based on a negotiation between them, was considered of most relevance. Results were evaluated according to the interpretative method by testing the co-occurrence of the four conversational categories described above. The testing instruments identified that the four aspects of Spanish Guaraní code-switching introduced above were applied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilingualism" title="bilingualism">bilingualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code%20switching" title=" code switching"> code switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aboriginal%20language" title=" aboriginal language"> aboriginal language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20contact" title=" language contact"> language contact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194124/jopara-conversational-code-switching-between-spanish-and-guarani-a-sociolinguistic-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">5</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">411</span> Zero Voltage Switched Full Bridge Converters for the Battery Charger of Electric Vehicle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizwan%20Ullah">Rizwan Ullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdar%20Ali"> Abdar Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahid%20Ullah"> Zahid Ullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper illustrates the study of three isolated zero voltage switched (ZVS) PWM full bridge (FB) converters to charge the high voltage battery in the charger of electric vehicle (EV). EV battery chargers have several challenges such as high efficiency, high reliability, low cost, isolation, and high power density. The cost of magnetic and filter components in the battery charger is reduced when switching frequency is increased. The increase in the switching frequency increases switching losses. ZVS is used to reduce switching losses and to operate the converter in the battery charger at high frequency. The performance of each of the three converters is evaluated on the basis of ZVS range, dead times of the switches, conduction losses of switches, circulating current stress, circulating energy, duty cycle loss, and efficiency. The limitations and merits of each PWM FB converter are reviewed. The converter with broader ZVS range, high efficiency and low switch stresses is selected for battery charger applications in EV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle" title="electric vehicle">electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PWM%20FB%20converter" title=" PWM FB converter"> PWM FB converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero%20voltage%20switching" title=" zero voltage switching"> zero voltage switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circulating%20energy" title=" circulating energy"> circulating energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54708/zero-voltage-switched-full-bridge-converters-for-the-battery-charger-of-electric-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markorv%20Switching&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markorv%20Switching&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markorv%20Switching&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markorv%20Switching&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markorv%20Switching&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markorv%20Switching&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markorv%20Switching&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markorv%20Switching&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markorv%20Switching&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markorv%20Switching&page=14">14</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markorv%20Switching&page=15">15</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markorv%20Switching&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>