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lg:block'> <div class='float-left'> An Online Catalog of the Ants of the World <span class='text-sm'>by Barry Bolton</span> </div> </div> </div> </header> <section class='px-4 pt-10 pb-32 min-h-[65vh]'> <div id='fireworks'></div> <div class='layout-container'> <div class='mb-8' id='breadcrumbs'> <div class='float-left'> <a href="/">Catalog</a> &rsaquo; <a class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a> </div> <div class='clear-both'></div> <div class='clear-both'></div> </div> <div class='row'> <div class='medium-9'>  <span class='text-lg font-bold mr-1'><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a></span> Latreille, 1802 <span class='text-sm'> valid </span>  <div class='mb-4'> <span class='font-bold mr-1' data-testid='catalog-protonym-name'> <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/protonyms/154879/hover_preview.json" class="protonym" href="/protonyms/154879">Formicariae</a> </span> <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126801/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126801">Latreille, 1802b</a>: 352 [as family-group name] Type-genus: <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429349/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429349"><i>Formica</i></a> </div>   <div class='mb-8'> </div>     <ul class='mb-8'> <li><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a> as family: <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126801/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126801">Latreille, 1802b</a>: 352 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/protonyms/154879/hover_preview.json" class="protonym" href="/protonyms/154879">Formicariae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126793/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126793">Latreille, 1803</a>: 311 [<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Formicaires</span>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126795/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126795">Latreille, 1804</a>: 178 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/protonyms/154879/hover_preview.json" class="protonym" href="/protonyms/154879">Formicariae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126798/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126798">Latreille, 1809</a>: 124 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/protonyms/154879/hover_preview.json" class="protonym" href="/protonyms/154879">Formicariae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126799/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126799">Latreille, 1810</a>: 285 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/protonyms/154879/hover_preview.json" class="protonym" href="/protonyms/154879">Formicariae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126849/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126849">Leach, 1815</a>: 147 [<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Formicarides</span>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126804/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126804">Latreille, 1817a</a>: 14 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/protonyms/154879/hover_preview.json" class="protonym" href="/protonyms/154879">Formicariae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122722/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122722">Billberg, 1820</a>: 104 [<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Formicaedes</span>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129018/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129018">Stephens, 1829b</a>: 356 [first spelling as <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123298/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123298">Brullé, 1833</a>: 326 [<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Formicaires</span>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125734/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125734">Haliday, 1836</a>: 331 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130596/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130596">Zetterstedt, 1838</a>: 447 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/protonyms/154879/hover_preview.json" class="protonym" href="/protonyms/154879">Formicariae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129811/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129811">Westwood, 1839a</a>: 217 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129098/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129098">Swainson & Shuckard, 1840</a>: 171 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126836/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126836">Le Guillou, 1842</a>: 313 [<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Formicaires</span>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127561/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127561">Nylander, 1846a</a>: 877 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124947/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124947">Foerster, 1850a</a>: 1 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/protonyms/154879/hover_preview.json" class="protonym" href="/protonyms/154879">Formicariae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128667/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128667">Smith, 1851</a>: 1 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127185/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127185">Mayr, 1855</a>: 275 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429350/hover_preview.json" class="synonym" href="/catalog/429350"><i>Formicina</i></a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127565/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127565">Nylander, 1856b</a>: 53 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128683/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128683">Smith, 1857a</a>: 52 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128685/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128685">Smith, 1858a</a>: 1 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127189/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127189">Mayr, 1861</a>: 21 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127307/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127307">Meinert, 1861</a>: 305 [<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Formicae</span>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128694/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128694">Smith, 1861b</a>: 36 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127193/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127193">Mayr, 1865</a>: 1 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125819/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125819">Heer, 1867</a>: 6 [<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Formicaria</span>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124987/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124987">Forel, 1870</a>: 307 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429149/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429149">Formicinae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128707/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128707">Smith, 1871a</a>: 302; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124387/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124387">Dours, 1873</a>: 164 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/protonyms/154879/hover_preview.json" class="protonym" href="/protonyms/154879">Formicariae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124988/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124988">Forel, 1874</a>: 19, 95 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/protonyms/154879/hover_preview.json" class="protonym" href="/protonyms/154879">Formicariae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124518/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124518">Emery, 1877b</a>: 70 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144408/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144408">Taschenberg, 1880</a>: 261, 702 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122248/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122248">André, 1881</a>: 125, 126 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143313/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143313">André, 1882b</a>: 125; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130306/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130306">White, 1884</a>: 249 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124002/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124002">Dalla Torre, 1893</a>: 1 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128456/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128456">Saunders, 1896</a>: 18; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125089/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125089">Forel, 1899b</a>: 1 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128175/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128175">Ruzsky, 1902d</a>: 5 [<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Formicarii</span>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122766/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122766">Bingham, 1903</a>: 1 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128184/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128184">Ruzsky, 1905b</a>: 91 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/protonyms/154879/hover_preview.json" class="protonym" href="/protonyms/154879">Formicariae</a> or <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122385/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122385">Ashmead, 1905c</a>: 384 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130044/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130044">Wheeler, 1910a</a>: 134 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128285/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128285">Santschi, 1914b</a>: 43 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122309/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122309">Arnold, 1915</a>: 6 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130095/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130095">Wheeler, 1915h</a>: 805 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124734/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124734">Emery, 1916a</a>: 79 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/133015/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/133015">Wheeler, 1922</a>: 727 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124775/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124775">Emery, 1925d</a>: 1 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126512/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126512">Novák & Sadil, 1941</a>: 97; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122634/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122634">Bernard, 1951c</a>: 1073 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122637/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122637">Bernard, 1953b</a>: 256 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]; subsequent authors; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130789/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130789">Bolton, 2003</a>: 15, 77 [<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>].</li> <li><b>Note 1</b>: <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna</span> [unavailable name] <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogynes</span> <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144240/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144240">Latreille, 1817g</a>: 455 [as family-group name (<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogynes</span>)]. Unavailable name; not based on a genus rank taxon. [Notes (i): the family-group name was initially designated by <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144240/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144240">Latreille, 1817g</a> to include the tribes <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Formicaries</span> (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>) and <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Mutillaires</span> (<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Mutillidae</span>). Other authors of the 19th and early 20th centuries used this unavailable name in a variety of forms: <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129018/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129018">Stephens, 1829b</a>: 356 (<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Aculeata</span> subsectio <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna</span>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127781/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127781">Perty, 1833</a>: 134 (Family <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna</span>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126873/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126873">Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835</a>: 97 (Family <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogynides</span>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125734/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125734">Haliday, 1836</a>: 331 (as superfamily name, <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Hymenoptera</span> stirps <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna</span>, to include the families <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Mutillidae</span>, <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Dorylidae</span>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128626/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128626">Shuckard, 1840a</a>: 188 (<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Hymenoptera</span>, <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna</span>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126836/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126836">Le Guillou, 1842</a>: 313 (as family-group name, <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogynes</span>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128667/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128667">Smith, 1851</a>: 1 (<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Aculeata</span> tribe <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna</span>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128679/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128679">Smith, 1855a</a>: 95 (<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna</span>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128685/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128685">Smith, 1858a</a>: 1 (<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Aculeata</span> tribe <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna</span>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128689/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128689">Smith, 1859c</a>: 1 (<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Aculeata</span> tribe <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna</span>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128709/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128709">Smith, 1871c</a>: viii (<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna</span> as superfamily, to include <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>, <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Poneridae</span>, <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Myrmicidae</span>, <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Mutillidae</span>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128453/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128453">Saunders, 1880</a>: 202 (<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna</span> (= <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a> + <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Myrmicidae</span> + <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Poneridae</span>)); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130306/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130306">White, 1884</a>: 246 (<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Aculeata</span> division <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna</span>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124002/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124002">Dalla Torre, 1893</a>: title page (<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Formicidae (Heterogyna)</span>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128456/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128456">Saunders, 1896</a>: 16 (<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna</span> (= <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>)); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125088/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125088">Forel, 1899a</a>: 116 (<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna (Formicidae)</span>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125089/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125089">Forel, 1899b</a>: 1 (<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Aculeata</span> section <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna</span>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122766/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122766">Bingham, 1903</a>: 1 (tribe <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna</span>, family <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130044/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130044">Wheeler, 1910a</a>: 134 (<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Formicidae (Heterogyna)</span>); (ii) <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna</span> is not to be confused with <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogynaidae</span> (type-genus <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna</span> Nagy, 1969), a small family of apoid wasps.]</li> <li><b>Note 2</b>: <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Philopona</span> [unavailable name] <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Philopona</span> <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126433/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126433">Kirby, 1837</a>: 261 [as family-group name (<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna</span> race <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Philopona</span>), containing only the family <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]. Unavailable name, not based on a genus rank taxon. [Notes (i): <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126433/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126433">Kirby, 1837</a> defines <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Philopona</span> as, “all those genera that constitute Linné’s genus <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429349/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429349"><i>Formica</i></a>, distinguished by their admirable industry, their wonderful economy, and the nests they construct.” By this definition <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Philopona</span> is an absolute junior synonym of <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>; (ii) <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129811/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129811">Westwood, 1839a</a>: 217, refers to the “<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Sodales</span> (or <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Philopona</span> K.)”, which contains, “the single family <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>”, which “corresponds with the genus <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429349/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429349"><i>Formica</i></a> of Linnaeus, and the <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna</span> of St. Fargeau.” Thus <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Philopona</span> and <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Sodales</span> are absolute synonyms, and both are junior synonyms of <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>.]</li> <li><b>Note 3</b>: <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Socialia</span> [unavailable name] <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Socialia</span> <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130306/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130306">White, 1884</a>: 246 [as family-group name (<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna phalanx Socialia</span>)]. Unavailable name, not based on a genus rank taxon. [Note: originally designated to include the families <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>, <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Poneridae</span>, and <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Myrmicidae</span>. <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Socialia</span> would therefore be equivalent to the modern rank of superfamily, and is synonymous with the modern <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>.]</li> <li><b>Note 4</b>: <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Sodales</span> [unavailable name] <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Sodales</span> <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129811/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129811">Westwood, 1839a</a>: 217 [as family-group name (synonymous with <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Philopona</span>), containing only the family <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>]. Unavailable name, not based on a genus rank taxon. [Note: <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129811/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129811">Westwood, 1839a</a> refers to the “<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Sodales</span> (or <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Philopona</span> K.)” which contains, “the single family <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>”, which “corresponds with the genus <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429349/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429349"><i>Formica</i></a> of Linnaeus, and the <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Heterogyna</span> of St. Fargeau.” Thus <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Philopona</span> and <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Sodales</span> are absolute synonyms, and both are junior synonyms of <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>.]</li> </ul>     <div class='mb-8'> <div> <span class='font-bold'>Subfamilies of Formicidae:</span> <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430014/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430014">Agroecomyrmecinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430020/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430020">Amblyoponinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429060/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429060">Aneuretinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/507398/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/507398">Apomyrminae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430175/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430175">†Armaniinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430196/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430196">†Brownimeciinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429071/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429071">Dolichoderinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429481/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429481">Dorylinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429497/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429497">Ectatomminae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430199/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430199">†Formiciinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429149/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429149">Formicinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/508390/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/508390">†Haidomyrmecinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430164/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430164">Leptanillinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430173/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430173">Martialinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429387/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429387">Myrmeciinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429529/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429529">Myrmicinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430147/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430147">Paraponerinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430052/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430052">Ponerinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430150/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430150">Proceratiinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429404/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429404">Pseudomyrmecinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430185/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430185">†Sphecomyrminae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/511088/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/511088">†Zigrasimeciinae</a> </div> <div> <span class='font-bold'>Genera <i>incertae sedis</i> in Formicidae:</span> <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430177/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430177"><i>†</i><i>Archaeopone</i></a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430190/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430190"><i>†</i><i>Baikuris</i></a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429012/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429012"><i>†</i><i>Calyptites</i></a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429070/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429070"><i>†</i><i>Cananeuretus</i></a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430191/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430191"><i>†</i><i>Cretomyrma</i></a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429493/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429493"><i>†</i><i>Curticorna</i></a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430192/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430192"><i>†</i><i>Dlusskyidris</i></a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429480/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429480"><i>†</i><i>Eoaenictites</i></a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429014/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429014"><i>†</i><i>Eoformica</i></a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429015/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429015"><i>†</i><i>Fonsecahymen</i></a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429018/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429018"><i>†</i><i>Klondikia</i></a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429019/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429019"><i>†</i><i>Kohlsimyrma</i></a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430183/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430183"><i>†</i><i>Poneropterus</i></a> </div> </div>  <div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>FAMILY FORMICIDAE REFERENCES, WORLD</h6> <h6 class='font-bold'>INTRODUCTORY REFERENCES</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122852/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122852">Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990</a>: 1 (introduction to myrmecology); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122859/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122859">Bolton, 1995a</a>: 1038 (census of extant taxa); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132573/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132573">Ward <i>et al.</i>, 1996</a>: 55 (bibliography of systematics); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130849/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130849">Brown, 2000a</a>: 46 (overview of genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130830/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130830">Brandão, 2000</a>: 172 (list of major ant collections); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130789/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130789">Bolton, 2003</a>: 15, 77 (diagnoses, synopses); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142740/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142740">Boudinot, 2015</a>: 12 (diagnosis); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143893/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143893">Fernández <i>et al.</i>, 2021</a>: 1 (Neotropical systematics and diversity).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>WORLD AND ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONAL CATALOGUES</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128094/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128094">Roger, 1863b</a>: 1 (world <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127213/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127213">Mayr, 1863a</a>: 394 (world <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124002/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124002">Dalla Torre, 1893</a>: 1 (world <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124696/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124696">Emery, 1910b</a>: 3 (world <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429481/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429481">Dorylinae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124702/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124702">Emery, 1911e</a>: 2 (world <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430052/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430052">Ponerinae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124711/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124711">Emery, 1913a</a>: 2 (world <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429071/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429071">Dolichoderinae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/133015/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/133015">Wheeler, 1922</a>: 727, 1005 (Afrotropical and Malagasy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124749/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124749">Emery, 1921c</a>: 3 (world <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429529/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429529">Myrmicinae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124756/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124756">Emery, 1922c</a>: 95 (world <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429529/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429529">Myrmicinae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124769/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124769">Emery, 1924f</a>: 207 (world <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429529/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429529">Myrmicinae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124775/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124775">Emery, 1925d</a>: 2 (world <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429149/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429149">Formicinae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123583/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123583">Chapman & Capco, 1951</a>: 9 (Oriental and Malesian); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128824/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128824">Smith, 1951c</a>: 778 (Nearctic); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128854/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128854">Smith, 1958c</a>: 108 (Nearctic, first supplement to <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128824/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128824">Smith, 1951c</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128863/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128863">Smith, 1967a</a>: 343 (Nearctic, second supplement to <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128824/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128824">Smith, 1951c</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126357/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126357">Kempf, 1972b</a>: 3 (Neotropical); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128659/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128659">Smith, 1979</a>: 1323 (Nearctic); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129218/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129218">Taylor & Brown, 1985</a>: 5 (Austral); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129202/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129202">Taylor, 1987a</a>: 1 (Austral); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129203/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129203">Taylor, 1987b</a>: 1 (Austral); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122994/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122994">Brandão, 1991</a>: 319 (Neotropical, supplement to <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126357/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126357">Kempf, 1972b</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128601/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128601">Shattuck, 1994</a>: 1 (world <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429060/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429060">Aneuretinae</a> and <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429071/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429071">Dolichoderinae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122860/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122860">Bolton, 1995b</a>: 7 (world <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>, extant and fossil).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>WORLD SYNOPTIC CLASSIFICATIONS</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127193/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127193">Mayr, 1865</a>: 6 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125049/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125049">Forel, 1893b</a>: 161 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124599/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124599">Emery, 1895l</a>: 764 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124609/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124609">Emery, 1896e</a>: 173 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122385/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122385">Ashmead, 1905c</a>: 381 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130044/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130044">Wheeler, 1910a</a>: 134 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124696/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124696">Emery, 1910b</a>: 3 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429481/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429481">Dorylinae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124702/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124702">Emery, 1911e</a>: 2 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430052/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430052">Ponerinae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124711/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124711">Emery, 1913a</a>: 2 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429071/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429071">Dolichoderinae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124997/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124997">Forel, 1917</a>: 235 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124749/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124749">Emery, 1921c</a>: 3 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429529/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429529">Myrmicinae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124756/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124756">Emery, 1922c</a>: 95 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429529/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429529">Myrmicinae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/133015/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/133015">Wheeler, 1922</a>: 631 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124769/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124769">Emery, 1924f</a>: 207 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429529/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429529">Myrmicinae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124775/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124775">Emery, 1925d</a>: 2 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429149/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429149">Formicinae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123216/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123216">Brown, 1973b</a>: 165, 178 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128876/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128876">Snelling, 1981</a>: 387 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129918/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129918">Wheeler & Wheeler, 1985b</a>: 256 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124165/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124165">Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988</a>: 77 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122852/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122852">Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990</a>: 9 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122834/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122834">Bolton, 1994</a>: 12 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130789/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130789">Bolton, 2003</a>: 77 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131191/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131191">Engel & Grimaldi, 2005</a>: 4 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132572/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132572">Ward, 2007c</a>: 549 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142740/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142740">Boudinot, 2015</a>: 12 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143098/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143098">Borysenko, 2017</a>: 1; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143793/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143793">Boudinot <i>et al.</i>, 2020</a>: 27 (synopsis of Mesozoic <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Formicoidea</span>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143893/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143893">Fernández <i>et al.</i>, 2021</a>: 1 (Neotropical <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>, synopsis of supraspecific taxa).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>WORLD AND ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONAL IDENTIFICATION KEYS TO HIGHER TAXA</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125030/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125030">Forel, 1891c</a>: 8 (Madagascar genera key); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124609/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124609">Emery, 1896e</a>: 173 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a> subfamilies and genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124696/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124696">Emery, 1910b</a>: 4 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429481/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429481">Dorylinae</a> tribes and genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124702/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124702">Emery, 1911e</a>: 4 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430052/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430052">Ponerinae</a> tribes and genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124711/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124711">Emery, 1913a</a>: 6 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429071/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429071">Dolichoderinae</a> tribes and genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124797/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124797">Escherich, 1917</a>: 2 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a> subfamilies); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124749/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124749">Emery, 1921c</a>: 9, 12, 16 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429529/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429529">Myrmicinae</a> tribes and genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122309/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122309">Arnold, 1915</a>: 9 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a> Africa subfamilies); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/133015/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/133015">Wheeler, 1922</a>: 631 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a> subfamilies, tribes and genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124775/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124775">Emery, 1925d</a>: 7 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429149/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429149">Formicinae</a> tribes and genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123635/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123635">Clark, 1951</a>: 14 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a> subfamilies); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129891/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129891">Wheeler & Wheeler, 1972a</a>: 42 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a> subfamilies); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122835/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122835">Bolton, 1973a</a>: 321 (West Africa subfamilies, genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128876/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128876">Snelling, 1981</a>: 386 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a> subfamilies); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122506/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122506">Baroni Urbani, 1984</a>: 74 (Neotropical subfamilies and genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122852/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122852">Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990</a>: 33 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a> subfamilies and genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122856/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122856">Bolton, 1990c</a>: 1361 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a> subfamilies); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128605/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128605">Shattuck, 1992c</a>: 20 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429071/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429071">Dolichoderinae</a> genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129605/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129605">Ward, 1990</a>: 464 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429404/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429404">Pseudomyrmecinae</a> genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123042/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123042">Brothers & Finnamore, 1993</a>: 218 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a> subfamilies); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122834/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122834">Bolton, 1994</a>: 7 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a> subfamilies and genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130789/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130789">Bolton, 2003</a>: 11 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a> subfamilies); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142740/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142740">Boudinot, 2015</a>: 14 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a> subfamilies, males); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142963/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142963">Fisher & Bolton, 2016</a>: 28, 60, 128 (Afrotropical and Malagasy subfamilies, Afrotropical genera, Malagasy genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143115/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143115">Cantone, 2017</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a> male wing venation, key to most genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143449/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143449">Fernández <i>et al.</i>, 2019c</a>: 459 (Neotropical subfamilies and genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143437/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143437">Boudinot, 2019</a>: 489 (Neotropical subfamilies and genera, males key); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143793/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143793">Boudinot <i>et al.</i>, 2020</a>: 27 (Mesozoic <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Formicoidea</span> synopsis, key); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143897/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143897">Heterick, 2021</a>: 19 (Western Australia subfamilies key); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143946/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143946">Camacho <i>et al.</i>, 2022</a>: 9, 15 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429497/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429497">Ectatomminae</a> genera, key); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144027/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144027">Boudinot <i>et al.</i>, 2022</a>: 6 (revision of male-based key to subfamilies); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144405/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144405">Ramamonjisoa <i>et al.</i>, 2024</a>: 289 (male-based key to subfamilies and genera of the Malagasy region).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>EVOLUTION AND PHYLOGENY OF FORMICIDAE</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129953/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129953">Wheeler, 1920</a>: 52; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124746/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124746">Emery, 1920e</a>: 370; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124234/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124234">Donisthorpe, 1922b</a>: xlvi; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130169/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130169">Wheeler, 1923g</a>: 156; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130203/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130203">Wheeler, 1928h</a>: 124; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129046/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129046">Stitz, 1935a</a>: 211; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127459/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127459">Morley, 1938</a>: 190; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123254/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123254">Brown & Nutting, 1950</a>: 113; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122634/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122634">Bernard, 1951c</a>: 1041; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123108/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123108">Brown, 1954e</a>: 30; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130410/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130410">Wilson <i>et al.</i>, 1967</a>: 12; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129195/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129195">Taylor, 1978a</a>: 982; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128005/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128005">Rasnitsyn, 1980</a>: 45-46 (foldout page); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126988/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126988">Lutz, 1986</a>: 213; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124165/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124165">Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988</a>: 137; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122456/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122456">Baroni Urbani, 1989</a>: 137; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123001/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123001">Brandão <i>et al.</i>, 1990</a>: 201; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122852/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122852">Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990</a>: 26; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125767/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125767">Hashimoto, 1991a</a>: 125; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125768/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125768">Hashimoto, 1991b</a>: 289; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122513/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122513">Baroni Urbani <i>et al.</i>, 1992</a>: 301; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128604/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128604">Shattuck, 1992b</a>: 203; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123040/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123040">Brothers & Carpenter, 1993</a>: 227; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129609/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129609">Ward, 1994</a>: 173; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131444/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131444">Hashimoto, 1996</a>: 340; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130951/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130951">Crozier <i>et al.</i>, 1997</a>: 22; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131403/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131403">Grimaldi <i>et al.</i>, 1997</a>: 25; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132007/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132007">Perrault, 1999b</a>: 125; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130848/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130848">Brothers, 1999</a>: 233; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131402/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131402">Grimaldi & Agosti, 2000b</a>: 13680; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132575/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132575">Ward & Brady, 2003</a>: 361; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131945/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131945">Ohnishi <i>et al.</i>, 2004</a>: 419; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130694/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130694">Astruc <i>et al.</i>, 2004</a>: 880; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132579/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132579">Ward & Downie, 2005</a>: 310; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131404/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131404">Grimaldi & Engel, 2005</a>: 440; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132627/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132627">Wilson & Hölldobler, 2005a</a>: 7411; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130828/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130828">Brady <i>et al.</i>, 2006</a>: 18172; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131881/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131881">Moreau <i>et al.</i>, 2006</a>: 101; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131969/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131969">Ouellette <i>et al.</i>, 2006</a>: 359; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132572/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132572">Ward, 2007c</a>: 549; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132009/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132009">Perrichot <i>et al.</i>, 2008</a>: 85; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132046/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132046">Rabeling <i>et al.</i>, 2008</a>: 14914; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131880/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131880">Moreau, 2009</a>: 201; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132578/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132578">Ward <i>et al.</i>, 2010</a>: 342; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132861/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132861">Kück <i>et al.</i>, 2011</a>: 1 (family molecular phylogeny); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132879/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132879">Keller, 2011</a>: 1; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132883/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132883">Moreau & Bell, 2011</a>: 22; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142535/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142535">Johnson <i>et al.</i>, 2013</a>: 2058; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142401/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142401">Moreau & Bell, 2013</a>: 2240; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142356/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142356">Schmidt, 2013</a>: 201; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142630/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142630">Ward <i>et al.</i>, 2015</a>: 61; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144234/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144234">Peeters <i>et al.</i>, 2017</a>: 556 (cuticle thickness evolution); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143702/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143702">Peters <i>et al.</i>, 2017</a>: 1015 (family relationship to other Aculeata); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143703/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143703">Branstetter <i>et al.</i>, 2017</a>: 1021 (family relationship to other Aculeata); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143194/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143194">Branstetter <i>et al.</i>, 2017</a>: 774; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143827/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143827">Blanchard & Moreau, 2017</a>: 315; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143296/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143296">Economo <i>et al.</i>, 2018</a>: 1; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143613/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143613">Borowiec <i>et al.</i>, 2019</a>: 111; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143448/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143448">Fernández <i>et al.</i>, 2019b</a>: 57; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144237/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144237">Borowiec <i>et al.</i>, 2021</a>: 1; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143793/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143793">Boudinot <i>et al.</i>, 2020</a>: 30; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143887/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143887">Greer & Moreau, 2022</a>: 60 (ant cocoons); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143893/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143893">Fernández <i>et al.</i>, 2021</a>: 1 (Neotropical <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429011/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429011">Formicidae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143995/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143995">Romiguier <i>et al.</i>, 2022</a>: 1 (family molecular phylogeny); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144197/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144197">Mera-Rodríguez <i>et al.</i>, 2023</a>: 1 (evolution of social parasitism); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144271/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144271">Cai, 2024</a>: 1; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144312/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144312">Sosiak <i>et al.</i>, 2024</a>: 1.</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>PALAEONTOLOGY OF FORMICIDAE</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125815/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125815">Heer, 1849</a>: 1 (Miocene ants, Germany and Croatia); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127218/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127218">Mayr, 1867b</a>: 47 (Miocene ants Croatia); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124553/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124553">Emery, 1891b</a>: 141 (Sicilian Amber); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128549/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128549">Scudder, 1891</a>: 682 (fossil taxa catalogue); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122278/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122278">André, 1895b</a>: 80 (Baltic Amber); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124667/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124667">Emery, 1905e</a>: 187 (Baltic Amber); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125751/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125751">Handlirsch, 1907</a>: 859 (fossil taxa catalogue); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130096/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130096">Wheeler, 1915i</a>: 1 (Baltic amber fauna synopsis); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129325/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129325">Théobald, 1937a</a>: 127 (fossil ants France); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123341/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123341">Burnham, 1979</a>: 108 (fossils in amber checklist); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126289/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126289">Keilbach, 1982</a>: 272 (fossils in amber checklist); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128966/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128966">Spahr, 1987</a>: 41 (fossils in amber checklist); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123001/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123001">Brandão <i>et al.</i>, 1990</a>: 201 (oldest fossil record); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123536/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123536">Carpenter, 1992</a>: 490 (fossil genera review); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122860/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122860">Bolton, 1995b</a>: 4 (fossil taxa checklist); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131403/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131403">Grimaldi <i>et al.</i>, 1997</a>: 1 (Cretaceous genera in amber); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131108/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131108">Dlussky, 1997a</a>: 617 (Baltic amber genera key); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131500/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131500">Hong, 2002</a>: 524 (Chinese Amber); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130789/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130789">Bolton, 2003</a>: 73 (fossil subfamilies synopsis); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131404/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131404">Grimaldi & Engel, 2005</a>: 440 (fossil ants synopsis); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131131/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131131">Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2007</a>: 118 (Palaeontological record); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132009/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132009">Perrichot <i>et al.</i>, 2008</a>: 85 (Cretaceous ants review); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131132/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131132">Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2009</a>: 1024 (European Upper Eocene amber, synopsis of species); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142316/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142316">LaPolla <i>et al.</i>, 2013</a>: 609 (Mesozoic and Cenozoic major ant fossil deposits list, Cretaceous and Cenozoic ant fossils bibliographical review); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142622/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142622">Dlussky & Perfilieva, 2014</a>: 433 (Bembridge Marls (Eocene, U.K.) species, key); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142608/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142608">Dlussky & Putyatina, 2014</a>: 237 (Miocene ants Croatia); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142813/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142813">Dlussky <i>et al.</i>, 2015</a>: 131 (Late Eocene of Sikhote-Alin fossils); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142944/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142944">Perkovsky, 2016</a>: 113 (list of ants in Late Eocene ambers); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142879/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142879">Barden & Grimaldi, 2016</a>: 515 (Cretaceous stem-group ants and phylogeny); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142934/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142934">Perrichot <i>et al.</i>, 2016</a>: 1468 (Cretaceous, morphology and ecology); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143000/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143000">Barden, 2017</a>: 1, 7 (Mesozoic fossil ants synopsis, list of fossil ant deposits and their contents); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143222/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143222">Zheng <i>et al.</i>, 2018</a>: 1 (subfamily records from Late Cretaceous burmite); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143431/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143431">Barden & Engel, 2019</a>: 1 (broad-perspective review of fossil record); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143406/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143406">Perrichot <i>et al.</i>, 2020</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/508390/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/508390">†Haidomyrmecinae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143748/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143748">Barden <i>et al.</i>, 2020</a>: 3818 (morphospace); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143793/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143793">Boudinot <i>et al.</i>, 2020</a>: 27 (synopsis, key to Mesozoic <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Formicoidea</span>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143850/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143850">Radchenko & Perkovsky, 2021</a>: 47 (Bitterfield syninclusions; tropical, Holarctic elements of Baltic ambers); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144012/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144012">Perrichot <i>et al.</i>, 2022</a>: 775 (Miocene ants from Ethiopian amber); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144218/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144218">Sawh <i>et al.</i>, 2023</a>: 139 (first fossil replete ant worker (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/439518/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/439518"><i>†</i><i>Leptomyrmex neotropicus</i></a>)); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144313/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144313">Loewen <i>et al.</i>, 2024</a>: 1; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144361/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144361">Córdova-Tabares <i>et al.</i>, 2024</a>: 435 (Oligo-Miocene spider-ant predation).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>OTHER GENERAL REFERENCES</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122859/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122859">Bolton, 1995a</a>: 1038 (census of extant taxa); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132573/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132573">Ward <i>et al.</i>, 1996</a>: 55 (bibliography of systematics); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130849/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130849">Brown, 2000a</a>: 46 (overview of genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130830/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130830">Brandão, 2000</a>: 172 (list of major ant collections); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130789/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130789">Bolton, 2003</a>: 15, 77 (diagnosis, synopsis); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130793/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130793">Bolton, 2007a</a>: 51 (method for taxonomic revisions); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132428/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132428">Taylor, 2007</a>: 580 (eusociality in ants); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144036/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144036">Gull-e-Fareen <i>et al.</i>, 2020</a>: 101 (ant-aphid trophic interactions); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144233/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144233">Schultheiss <i>et al.</i>, 2022</a>: 1 (estimate of ant biomass, abundance, distribution); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144303/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144303">Wazema <i>et al.</i>, 2024</a>: 339 (Harold G. Fowler ant collection and data); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144412/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144412">Duarte & Breto, 2024</a>: 301 (Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba type catalogue); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144456/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144456">Van der Stappen, 2025</a>: 1 (inquilines of Europe), 50 (inquilines of the world).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>REGIONAL CATALOGUES AND CHECKLISTS</h6> <h6 class='font-bold'>AFROTROPICAL AND MALAGASY</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/133015/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/133015">Wheeler, 1922</a>: 727, 1005; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144415/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144415">Ambakina <i>et al.</i>, 2024</a>: 1 (overview of studies, checklist for Democratic Republic of the Congo).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>AUSTRALASIAN</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129218/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129218">Taylor & Brown, 1985</a>: 5; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129202/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129202">Taylor, 1987a</a>: 1; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129203/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129203">Taylor, 1987b</a>: 1 (supplement to previous); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143897/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143897">Heterick, 2021</a>: 1 (Western Australia checklist).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>INDOMALAYAN</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123583/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123583">Chapman & Capco, 1951</a>: 9; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144032/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144032">Wang <i>et al.</i>, 2022</a>: 5 (Singapore checklist).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>NEARCTIC</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128824/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128824">Smith, 1951c</a>: 778 (North America, north of Mexico, catalogue); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128854/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128854">Smith, 1958c</a>: 108 (North America, north of Mexico, catalogue, first supplement); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128863/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128863">Smith, 1967a</a>: 343 (North America, north of Mexico, catalogue, second supplement); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128659/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128659">Smith, 1979</a>: 1323 (North America, north of Mexico, catalogue, volume 2); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142804/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142804">Castaño-Meneses <i>et al.</i>, 2015</a> (Mexico partial checklist).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>NEOTROPICAL</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126357/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126357">Kempf, 1972b</a>: 3; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122994/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122994">Brandão, 1991</a>: 319 (supplement to previous); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142804/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142804">Castaño-Meneses <i>et al.</i>, 2015</a> (Mexico partial checklist); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142800/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142800">Salazar & Donoso, 2013</a>: 151 (partial checklist); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143890/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143890">De Albuquerque <i>et al.</i>, 2021</a>: 1 (comprehensive inventory of ant species and their distribution in Pará, Brazil).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>PALEARCTIC</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142634/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142634">Karaman, 2011b</a> (Montenegro catalogue); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142632/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142632">Borowiec, 2014</a> (Europe, Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144047/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144047">Gómez, 2017</a>: 233 (Malta checklist); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143940/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143940">Zhu <i>et al.</i>, 2022</a>: 8 (northern Shaanxi, China checklist); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144399/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144399">Bračko, 2023</a>: 1 (Slovenia); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144400/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144400">Sert & Karaman, 2024</a>: 392 (Gökçeada Island, Türkiye); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144409/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144409">Demetriou <i>et al.</i>, 2024</a>: 49 (Cyprus, deposited in Museum of Zoology of Athens); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144416/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144416">Khan <i>et al.</i>, 2019</a>: 844 (Pakistan); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144463/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144463">Galkowski & Cagniant, 2024</a>: 135 (Djerba (Tunisia)); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144450/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144450">Khalili-Moghadam <i>et al.</i>, 2025</a>: 20 (Iran); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144465/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144465">Demetriou <i>et al.</i>, 2025</a>: 1 (Cyprus, deposited in various museums).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>REGIONAL AND NATIONAL FAUNAS WITH KEYS</h6> <h6 class='font-bold'>AFROTROPICAL AND MALAGASY</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125030/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125030">Forel, 1891c</a>: 8 (Madagascar genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122309/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122309">Arnold, 1915</a>: 6 (South Africa); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122310/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122310">Arnold, 1916</a>: 159 (South Africa); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122835/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122835">Bolton, 1973a</a>: 321 (West Africa subfamilies & genera); Bolton, in <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122852/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122852">Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990</a>: 39 (Afrotropical and Malagasy genera key); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122834/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122834">Bolton, 1994</a>: 23, 44, 79, 155 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429071/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429071">Dolichoderinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429149/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429149">Formicinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429529/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429529">Myrmicinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430052/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430052">Ponerinae</a> genera keys); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132688/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132688">Yoshimura & Fisher, 2007</a>: 27 (Malagasy subfamilies, males key); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132689/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132689">Yoshimura & Fisher, 2009</a>: 8 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430150/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430150">Proceratiinae</a> males); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132806/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132806">Yoshimura & Fisher, 2011</a>: 7 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429071/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429071">Dolichoderinae</a> males); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/133048/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/133048">Yoshimura & Fisher, 2012a</a>: 11 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430020/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430020">Amblyoponinae</a> males); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142963/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142963">Fisher & Bolton, 2016</a>: 60 (Afrotropical and Malagasy genera key, workers); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144156/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144156">Sharaf <i>et al.</i>, 2022</a>: 1 (Oman species).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>AUSTRALASIAN</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125161/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125161">Forel, 1905d</a>: 353 (New Zealand); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123147/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123147">Brown, 1958h</a>: 1 (New Zealand); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123256/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123256">Brown & Taylor, 1970</a>: 958 (Australia subfamilies); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125641/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125641">Greenslade, 1979</a>: 10 (South Australia subfamilies); Taylor, R.W., in <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122852/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122852">Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990</a>: 55 (Australia genera key); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129214/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129214">Taylor, 1991d</a>: 987 (Australia subfamilies); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122834/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122834">Bolton, 1994</a>: 24, 47, 91, 159 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429071/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429071">Dolichoderinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429149/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429149">Formicinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429529/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429529">Myrmicinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430052/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430052">Ponerinae</a> genera keys); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132308/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132308">Shattuck, 1999</a>: 21 (Australia subfamilies & genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130660/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130660">Andersen, 2000</a>: 14 (northern Australia subfamilies & genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131140/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131140">Don, 2007</a>: 39 (New Zealand); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131481/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131481">Heterick, 2009</a>: 16, 28 (south-western Australia subfamilies & genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142510/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142510">Jennings <i>et al.</i>, 2013</a>: 20 (New Caledonia species checklist); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143897/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143897">Heterick, 2021</a>: 20 (key to Western Australian subfamilies), 23 (key to Western Australian genera), 36 (key to Western Australian species).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>INDOMALAYAN</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125041/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125041">Forel, 1892k</a>: 219 (India & Sri Lanka); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122766/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122766">Bingham, 1903</a>: 1 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130430/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130430">Wilson & Taylor, 1967b</a>: 10 (Polynesia); Bolton, in <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122852/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122852">Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990</a>: 46 (Oriental and Indo-Australian genera key); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122834/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122834">Bolton, 1994</a>: 23, 45, 84, 158 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429071/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429071">Dolichoderinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429149/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429149">Formicinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429529/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429529">Myrmicinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430052/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430052">Ponerinae</a> genera keys); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130487/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130487">Wu & Wang, 1995a</a>: 30 (China); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132709/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132709">Zhou, 2001a</a>: 21 (China, Guangxi subfamilies); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130924/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130924">Clouse, 2007b</a>: 190 (Micronesia); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131339/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131339">Framenau & Thomas, 2008</a>: 52 (Christmas I.); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132431/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132431">Terayama, 2009</a>: 81 (Taiwan); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132840/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132840">Eguchi <i>et al.</i>, 2011</a>: 7 (Vietnam subfamilies key); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132946/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132946">Pfeiffer <i>et al.</i>, 2011</a>: 32 (ants of Borneo, checklist); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/133060/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/133060">General & Alpert, 2012</a>: 68 (Philippines genera key); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142254/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142254">Sarnat & Economo, 2012</a>: 1 (Fiji); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142394/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142394">Yamane, 2013</a>: 1 (Krakatau Islands, species keys)</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>NEARCTIC</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127914/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127914">Provancher, 1883</a>: 596 (Canada); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/133021/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/133021">Provancher, 1887</a>: 225 (Canada); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123936/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123936">Cresson, 1887</a>: 93 (U.S.A.); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130044/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130044">Wheeler, 1910a</a>: 557 (North America genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130115/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130115">Wheeler, 1916r</a>: 579 (U.S.A., Connecticut); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123672/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123672">Cole, 1942</a>: 359 (U.S.A., Utah); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128795/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128795">Smith, 1943e</a>: 276 (U.S.A. subfamilies & genera, males); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123329/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123329">Buren, 1944a</a>: 278 (U.S.A., Iowa); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128808/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128808">Smith, 1947f</a>: 524 (U.S.A. genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123910/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123910">Creighton, 1950a</a>: 29 (North America); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125667/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125667">Gregg, 1963</a>: 278 (U.S.A., Colorado); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129848/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129848">Wheeler & Wheeler, 1963</a>: 149 (U.S.A., North Dakota); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125338/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125338">Francoeur, 1979a</a>: 48 (Canada, Québec, introduction); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122181/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122181">Allred, 1982</a>: 437 (U.S.A., Utah); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129925/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129925">Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986g</a>: 16 (U.S.A., Nevada); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127023/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127023">MacKay <i>et al.</i>, 1988</a>: 81 (U.S.A., New Mexico); Cover, in <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122852/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122852">Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990</a>: 62 (Nearctic genera key); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131795/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131795">Mackay & Mackay, 2002</a>: 16 (U.S.A., New Mexico); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131135/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131135">Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2003</a>: 430 (*Eocene North American genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122834/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122834">Bolton, 1994</a>: 25, 38, 48, 95, 160 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429071/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429071">Dolichoderinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429455/hover_preview.json" class="synonym" href="/catalog/429455">Ecitoninae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429149/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429149">Formicinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429529/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429529">Myrmicinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430052/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430052">Ponerinae</a> genera keys); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143326/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143326">Coovert, 2005</a>: 1 (U.S.A., Ohio); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132562/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132562">Ward, 2005</a>: 20 (U.S.A., California genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131301/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131301">Fisher & Cover, 2007</a>: 1 (North American genera key)</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>NEOTROPICAL</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125411/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125411">Gallardo, 1915</a>: 30 (Argentina genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127353/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127353">Menozzi & Russo, 1930</a>: 169 (Dominican Republic); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128776/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128776">Smith, 1937</a>: 822 (Puerto Rico); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126654/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126654">Kusnezov, 1956a</a>: 7 (Argentina); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126667/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126667">Kusnezov, 1960b</a>: 330 (West Patagonia); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128906/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128906">Snelling & Hunt, 1976</a>: 63 (Chile); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126377/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126377">Kempf, 1978a</a>: 33 (Neotropical subfamilies); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122506/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122506">Baroni Urbani, 1984</a>: 73 (Neotropical genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143544/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143544">Mackay & MacKay, 1989</a>: 1 (Mexico genera); Cover, in <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122852/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122852">Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990</a>: 69 (Neotropical genera key); Lattke, in <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126108/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126108">Jaffe, 1993</a>: 145 (Neotropical subfamilies & genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122834/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122834">Bolton, 1994</a>: 26, 38, 49, 98, 162 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429071/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429071">Dolichoderinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429455/hover_preview.json" class="synonym" href="/catalog/429455">Ecitoninae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429149/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429149">Formicinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429529/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429529">Myrmicinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430052/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430052">Ponerinae</a> genera keys); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131275/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131275">Fernández <i>et al.</i>, 1996</a>: 353 (Neotropical subfamilies); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131270/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131270">Fernández & Ospina, 2003</a>: 49 (Neotropical genera synopsis); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131978/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131978">Palacio & Fernández, 2003</a>: 233 (Neotropical subfamilies and genera keys); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143391/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143391">Baccaro <i>et al.</i>, 2015</a>: (Brazil key to genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143437/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143437">Boudinot, 2019</a>: 487 (Neotropical subfamilies and genera, males key); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143449/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143449">Fernández <i>et al.</i>, 2019c</a>: 459 (Neotropical subfamilies and genera diagnoses); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144293/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144293">Herrera <i>et al.</i>, 2024</a>: 154 (Galápagos Islands ants overview), 156 (Galápagos Islands checklist, subfamily, genus, species keys); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144364/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144364">Feitosa & Dias, 2024</a>: 1 (illustrated guide and keys for identification of subfamilies, genera in Brazil), 12 (key to Brazil subfamilies).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>PALAEARCTIC</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127185/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127185">Mayr, 1855</a>: 299 (Austria); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127189/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127189">Mayr, 1861</a>: 25 (Europe); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124988/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124988">Forel, 1874</a>: 19 (Switzerland); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128453/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128453">Saunders, 1880</a>: 202 (Britain); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122251/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122251">André, 1882a</a>: 125 (Europe & Algeria); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127508/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127508">Nasonov, 1889</a>: 50 (Russia); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126777/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126777">Lameere, 1892</a>: 62 (Belgium); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128456/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128456">Saunders, 1896</a>: 18 (Britain); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128184/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128184">Ruzsky, 1905b</a>: 99 (Russian Empire); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129630/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129630">Wasmann, 1906</a>: 7 (Luxemburg); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124676/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124676">Emery, 1908a</a> (Palaearctic); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122874/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122874">Bondroit, 1910</a>: 480 (Belgium); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129025/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129025">Stitz, 1914</a>: 54 (Central Europe); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124216/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124216">Donisthorpe, 1915f</a>: 65 (Britain); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125260/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125260">Forel, 1915d</a>: 1 (Switzerland); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124734/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124734">Emery, 1916a</a>: 92 (Italy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122872/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122872">Bondroit, 1918</a>: 12 (France & Belgium); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143555/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143555">Kutter, 1920b</a>: 132 (Switzerland); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128940/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128940">Soudek, 1922b</a>: 17 (Czechoslovakia); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126935/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126935">Lomnicki, 1925a</a>: 160 (Poland); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128985/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128985">Stärcke, 1926b</a>: 79 (Netherlands); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126255/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126255">Karavaiev, 1927d</a>: 254 (Ukraine); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124250/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124250">Donisthorpe, 1927c</a>: 66 (Britain); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122356/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122356">Arnol'di, 1933a</a>: 596 (Russia); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127374/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127374">Menozzi, 1933b</a>: 87 (Israel); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126234/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126234">Karavaiev, 1934</a>: 48 (Ukraine); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129033/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129033">Stitz, 1939</a>: 56 (Germany); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126513/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126513">Kratochvíl, 1941b</a>: 69 (Central Europe); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126512/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126512">Novák & Sadil, 1941</a>: 69 (Central Europe); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123568/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123568">Ceballos, 1943</a>: 313 (Spain);<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125917/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125917">Holgersen, 1942b</a>: 3 (Northern Norway); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125920/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125920">Holgersen, 1943c</a>: 166 and <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125923/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125923">Holgersen, 1944a</a>: 198 (Norway); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122970/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122970">Van Boven, 1947b</a>: 168 (Belgium); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123782/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123782">Collingwood, 1958b</a>: 69 (Britain); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128917/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128917">Somfai, 1959</a>: 1 (Hungary); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122956/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122956">Boven, 1959</a>: 1 (Netherlands); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123798/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123798">Collingwood, 1964b</a>: 93 (Britain); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122660/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122660">Bernard, 1967a</a>: 75 (Western Europe); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122979/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122979">Boven, 1970b</a>: 7 (Netherlands); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129149/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129149">Tarbinsky, 1976</a>: 14 (Kyrghyzstan); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122862/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122862">Bolton & Collingwood, 1975</a>: 1 (Britain); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122960/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122960">Van Boven, 1977</a>: 1 (Belgium); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126740/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126740">Kutter, 1977c</a>: 19 (Switzerland); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122535/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122535">Brian, 1977</a>: 33 (Britain); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122371/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122371">Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978</a>: 520 (former European U.S.S.R.); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123763/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123763">Collingwood, 1978</a>: 65 (Iberian Peninsula); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123764/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123764">Collingwood, 1979</a>: 28 (Fennoscandia & Denmark); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128469/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128469">Schembri & Collingwood, 1981</a>: 417 (Malta); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143556/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143556">Verhaeghe <i>et al.</i>, 1984</a>: 105 (Belgium genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125570/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125570">Gösswald, 1985</a>: 262 (Germany); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123767/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123767">Collingwood, 1985</a>: 230 (Saudi Arabia); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127531/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127531">Nilsson & Douwes, 1987</a>: 56 (Norway); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122149/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122149">Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b</a>: 261 (Balkans); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123552/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123552">Casevitz-Weulersse, 1990b</a>: 135 and <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123553/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123553">Casevitz-Weulersse, 1990c</a>: 415 (Corsica); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124151/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124151">Dlussky <i>et al.</i>, 1990</a>: 99 (Turkmenistan); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126604/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126604">Kupyanskaya, 1990a</a>: 83 (Far Eastern Russia); Bolton, in <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122852/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122852">Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990</a>: 34 (Palaearctic genera key); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122405/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122405">Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992</a>: 47 (Bulgaria); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122300/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122300">Arakelian, 1994</a>: 1 (Armenia); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127961/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127961">Radchenko, 1994b</a>: 95 (South Siberia); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128577/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128577">Seifert, 1994a</a>: 1 (Germany, synopsis); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127638/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127638">Onoyama & Terayama, 1994</a>: 1 (Japan bibliography); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122834/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122834">Bolton, 1994</a>: 22, 42, 75, 153 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429071/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429071">Dolichoderinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429149/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429149">Formicinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429529/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429529">Myrmicinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430052/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430052">Ponerinae</a> genera keys); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124392/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124392">Douwes, 1995</a>: 83 (Sweden); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143554/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143554">Kupyanskaya, 1995</a>: 327 (Far Eastern Russia); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130487/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130487">Wu & Wang, 1995a</a>: 30 (China); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124963/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124963">Fontenla Rizo, 1995b</a>: 16 (Cuba, tramp species key); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130931/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130931">Collingwood & Agosti, 1996</a>: 300 (Saudi Arabia); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123815/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123815">Collingwood & Van Harten, 1994</a>: 1 (Yemen); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132274/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132274">Seifert, 1996b</a>: 106 (Central Europe); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132350/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132350">Skinner & Allen, 1996</a>: 40 (Britain); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131108/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131108">Dlussky, 1997a</a>: 616 (Baltic Amber genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130938/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130938">Collingwood & Prince, 1998</a>: 9 (Portugal); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130994/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130994">Czechowski <i>et al.</i>, 2002</a>: 133 (Poland); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130646/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130646">Aktaç & Radchenko, 2002</a>: 53 (Turkey genera); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132694/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132694">Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2002b</a>: 424 (Japan genera, males key); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131519/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131519">Imai <i>et al.</i>, 2003</a>: 8 (Japan); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132056/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132056">Radchenko, 2005b</a>: 183 (North Korea); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132271/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132271">Seifert, 2007</a>: 107 (North and Central Europe); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130781/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130781">Boer, 2010</a>: 8 (Benelux); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132768/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132768">Lapeva-Gjonova <i>et al.</i>, 2010</a>: 1 (Bulgaria species catalogue); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132876/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132876">Csősz <i>et al.</i>, 2011</a>: 56 (Hungary species catalogue); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142239/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142239">Czechowski <i>et al.</i>, 2012</a>: 333 (Poland); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142692/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142692">Douwes <i>et al.</i>, 2012</a>: 1 (Sweden); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144251/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144251">Lapeva-Gjonova & Kiran, 2012</a>: 72 (Strandzha (Istranca) Mountain and adjacent Black Sea coast in Bulgaria and Turkey); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143802/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143802">Dong, 2017</a>: 76 (South Korea); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144091/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144091">Borowiec & Salata, 2022</a>: 1 (review of ants of Greece), 13 (key to subfamilies); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144275/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144275">Schär, 2024</a>: 21 (Kamchatka checklist), 24 (Kamchatka worker-based key to species); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144403/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144403">Sharaf <i>et al.</i>, 2024</a>: 1711 (Bahrain); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144454/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144454">Borowiec & Salata, 2025a</a>: 1 (review of ants of Greece).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>ANATOMY AND MORPHOLOGY OF FORMICIDAE</h6> <h6 class='font-bold'>GENERAL</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127189/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127189">Mayr, 1861</a>: 1 (general morphology); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124988/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124988">Forel, 1874</a>: 1 (general anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126970/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126970">Lubbock, 1877</a>: 121; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126971/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126971">Lubbock, 1879</a>: 738; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122250/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122250">André, 1882</a>: 5; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126123/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126123">Janet, 1902</a>: 25 (general anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126124/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126124">Janet, 1904</a>: 3 (general anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126125/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126125">Janet, 1905</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429161/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429161"><i>Lasius</i></a> cranial anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126128/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126128">Janet, 1909</a> 1 (general morphology); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130044/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130044">Wheeler, 1910a</a>: 13 (general morphology, anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143514/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143514">Janet, 1923</a>: 5 (anatomical drawings synopsis); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127737/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127737">Pavan & Ronchetti, 1955</a>: 3 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/439637/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/439637"><i>Linepithema humile</i></a>, anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130295/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130295">Whelden, 1957</a>: 271 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429516/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429516"><i>Rhytidoponera</i></a> general anatomy, see also <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130297/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130297">Whelden, 1958a</a>: 80); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130298/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130298">Whelden, 1958b</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430045/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430045"><i>Stigmatomma</i></a> general anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130296/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130296">Whelden, 1960</a>: 93 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/447375/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/447375"><i>Rhytidoponera metallica</i></a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143488/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143488">Schneider, 1964</a>: 103 (antennal anatomy review); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122660/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122660">Bernard, 1967a</a>: 5; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122852/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122852">Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990</a>: 5 (glossary, glandular anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122834/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122834">Bolton, 1994</a>: 191 (morphology glossary); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122753/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122753">Billen <i>et al.</i>, 1995</a>: 209 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/436412/hover_preview.json" class="synonym" href="/catalog/436412"><i>Dinoponera australis</i></a> pygidial gland morphology, ultrastructure); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132301/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132301">Serna & MacKay, 2010</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429608/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429608"><i>Procryptocerus</i></a> morphology, see also <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132851/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132851">Serna <i>et al.</i>, 2011</a>: 67); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132879/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132879">Keller, 2011</a>: 1 (phylogenetic analysis of morphology); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142740/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142740">Boudinot, 2015</a>: 12 (males); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142963/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142963">Fisher & Bolton, 2016</a>: 459 (morphology and venation glossary); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144234/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144234">Peeters <i>et al.</i>, 2017</a> 556: (cuticle thickness); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143115/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143115">Cantone, 2017</a>: 6 (winged male ant genera key); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143440/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143440">Delsinne <i>et al.</i>, 2019</a>: 387 (morphology glossary).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>HEAD (SKELETON AND MUSCULATURE)</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126147/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126147">Janet, 1899b</a>: 295 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429776/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429776"><i>Myrmica</i></a> tentorium); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123318/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123318">Bugnion, 1930</a>: 85 (mouthparts); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125611/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125611">Gotwald, 1969b</a>: 1 (mouthparts); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127154/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127154">Masson, 1972b</a>: 343 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429244/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429244"><i>Camponotus</i></a> antennal articulations); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131409/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131409">Gronenberg & Ehmer, 1996</a>: 153 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430065/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430065"><i>Anochetus</i></a> mandibular muscles); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143523/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143523">Ehmer & Gronenberg, 1997</a>: 287 (antennal musculature, physiology); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143528/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143528">Paul & Gronenberg, 1999</a>: 797 (cranial muscle attachments, physiology); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143527/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143527">Paul, 2001</a>: 7 (mandible musculature, movements); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131990/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131990">Paul <i>et al.</i>, 2002</a>: 39 (cranial, mouthpart musculature); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143519/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143519">Schofield <i>et al.</i>, 2002</a>: 579 (mandibular tooth hardness); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143522/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143522">Muscedere <i>et al.</i>, 2011</a>: 783 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429833/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429833"><i>Pheidole</i></a> cranial muscle maturation); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143614/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143614">Larabee & Suarez, 2014</a>: 25 (trap-jaw evolution); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143474/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143474">Raderschall <i>et al.</i>, 2016</a>: 1449 (head roll control); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143686/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143686">Lillico-Ouachour <i>et al.</i>, 2018</a>: 383 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429833/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429833"><i>Pheidole</i></a> intercaste cranial anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143408/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143408">Khalife <i>et al.</i>, 2018</a>: 30 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429988/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429988"><i>Melissotarsus</i></a> cranial and leg anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143321/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143321">Kubota <i>et al.</i>, 2019</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429161/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429161"><i>Lasius</i></a> tentorium); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143345/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143345">Barlow <i>et al.</i>, 2019</a> 1 (mandible histology); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143299/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143299">Richter <i>et al.</i>, 2019</a>: 26 (head anatomy, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429637/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429637"><i>Wasmannia</i></a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144239/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144239">Paul & Roces, 2019</a>: 335 (mouthparts); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143701/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143701">Richter <i>et al.</i>, 2020</a>: 133 (head anatomy, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429149/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429149">Formicinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430052/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430052">Ponerinae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143848/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143848">Richter <i>et al.</i>, 2021</a>: 85 (head anatomy, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430167/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430167"><i>Protanilla</i></a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143878/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143878">Klunk <i>et al.</i>, 2021</a>: 1 (mandible functional morphology in <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429833/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429833"><i>Pheidole</i></a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143905/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143905">Boudinot <i>et al.</i>, 2021</a>: 1 (male head anatomy, sexual dimorphism; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429483/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429483"><i>Dorylus</i></a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144046/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144046">Richter <i>et al.</i>, 2022</a>: 1 (head anatomy groundplan); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144116/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144116">Richter <i>et al.</i>, 2023</a>: 35 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/449381/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/449381"><i>Tatuidris tatusia</i></a> head anatomy, evolutionary implications); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144232/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144232">Klunk <i>et al.</i>, 2023</a>: 1 (mandible functional morphology).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>EYES</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143476/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143476">Bernstein & Finn, 1971</a>: 708 (Formica rufa intranidal ommatidium variation); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143481/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143481">Menzi, 1986</a>: 11 (nocturnal/diurnal adaptations); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143477/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143477">Greiner <i>et al.</i>, 2007</a>: 879 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429389/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429389"><i>Myrmecia</i></a> photoreceptor variation); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143483/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143483">Nakanishi <i>et al.</i>, 2009</a>: e76015 (Polyrhachis sakalava compound eye light-regime adaptations); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143486/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143486">Narendra <i>et al.</i>, 2011</a>: 1141 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429389/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429389"><i>Myrmecia</i></a> interspecific and inter-caste visual adaptations); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143489/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143489">Schwarz <i>et al.</i>, 2011</a>: 128 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/439841/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/439841"><i>Melophorus bagoti</i></a> visual system); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143485/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143485">Narendra <i>et al.</i>, 2016</a>: 22331 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/432338/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/432338"><i>Camponotus consobrinus</i></a> inter-caste eye anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143475/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143475">Ramirez-Esquivel <i>et al.</i>, 2017</a>: 552 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/449946/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/449946"><i>Temnothorax rugatulus</i></a> setation, compound eye anatomy);</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>MESOSOMA (SKELETON AND MUSCULATURE)</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126973/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126973">Lubbock, 1881</a>: 141 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429161/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429161"><i>Lasius</i></a> w.q. mesosomal skeletomusculature); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126139/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126139">Janet, 1897b</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429776/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429776"><i>Myrmica</i></a> w. mesosoma); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126145/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126145">Janet, 1898f</a>: 393 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429776/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429776"><i>Myrmica</i></a> q. mesosoma); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126146/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126146">Janet, 1899a</a>: 249 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429776/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429776"><i>Myrmica</i></a> alate mesosoma, flight mechanism); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126126/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126126">Janet, 1906</a>: 522 (metanotal diaphragm); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124635/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124635">Emery, 1900a</a>: 103 (mesosomal exoskeleton); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126127/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126127">Janet, 1907</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429161/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429161"><i>Lasius</i></a> histolyzed flight musculature); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128909/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128909">Snodgrass, 1910</a>: 81 (mesosomal exoskeleton); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129446/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129446">Tulloch, 1935</a>: 93 (mesosomal exoskeleton); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128024/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128024">Reid, 1941</a>: 418 (worker thoracic exoskeleton); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125680/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125680">Gregg, 1953c</a>: 328 (promesonotal suture motility); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127122/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127122">Markl, 1966</a>: 138 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429349/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429349"><i>Formica</i></a> mesosoma skeletomusculature, innervation); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143228/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143228">Matsuda, 1970</a>: 353 (review of mesosomal anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143526/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143526">Jones <i>et al.</i>, 1978</a>: 603 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429752/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429752"><i>Solenopsis</i></a> flight musculature histolysis); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128221/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128221">Saini <i>et al.</i>, 1982</a>: (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429244/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429244"><i>Camponotus</i></a> w.q. mesosomal skeletomusculature); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144159/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144159">Siegenthaler, 1991</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/434390/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/434390"><i>Cataglyphis bicolor</i></a> mesosomal skeletomusculature); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125768/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125768">Hashimoto, 1991b</a>: 289 (tibial spurs); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127388/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127388">Menzel & Tautz, 1994</a>: 735 (subgenual organ); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132007/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132007">Perrault, 1999b</a>: 125 (thoracic anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131686/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131686">Lattke, 2004</a>: 242 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429497/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429497">Ectatomminae</a> prosternum); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143230/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143230">Nguyen <i>et al.</i>, 2014</a>: 497 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429349/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429349"><i>Formica</i></a> neck joint); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142536/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142536">Keller <i>et al.</i>, 2014</a>: 1 (thorax architecture); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142740/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142740">Boudinot, 2015</a>: 1 (family diagnosis, mesosoma, coxae); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143408/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143408">Khalife <i>et al.</i>, 2018</a>: 30 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429988/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429988"><i>Melissotarsus</i></a> cranial and leg anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143329/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143329">Liu <i>et al.</i>, 2019</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429389/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429389"><i>Myrmecia</i></a> mesosomal anatomy, and apomorphies for family); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143892/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143892">Fedoseeva & Grevtsova, 2020</a>: 410 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/438835/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/438835"><i>Lasius niger</i></a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/437754/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/437754"><i>Formica rufa</i></a> queen flight muscle histolysis, oogenesis, fat bodies); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143891/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143891">Matte & Billen, 2021</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/438835/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/438835"><i>Lasius niger</i></a> queen flight muscle histolysis); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143972/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143972">Aibekova <i>et al.</i>, 2022</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/437754/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/437754"><i>Formica rufa</i></a> worker mesosomal skeletomusculature); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143979/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143979">Lieberman <i>et al.</i>, 2022</a>: 693 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430753/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430753"><i>Amblyopone australis</i></a> mesosoma anatomy, part); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144004/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144004">Khalife <i>et al.</i>, 2022</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429692/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429692"><i>Carebara</i></a> worker, solder mesosoma anatomy)</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>LEGS</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126135/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126135">Janet, 1895a</a>: 691 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429776/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429776"><i>Myrmica</i></a> strigil); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143547/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143547">Gennerich, 1922</a>: 26 (strigil); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143499/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143499">Dashman, 1953</a>: 56 (general pretarsal terminology); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125380/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125380">Freeland <i>et al.</i>, 1982</a>: 257 (arolium presence across Formicidae); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128527/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128527">Schönitzer & Lawitzky, 1986</a>: 189 (antenna cleaning apparatus ultrastructure); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/128528/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/128528">Schönitzer & Lawitzky, 1987</a>: (antenna cleaning apparatus Aculeata comparison); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125355/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125355">Francoeur & Loiselle, 1988a</a>: 333 (strigil, evolution); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125768/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125768">Hashimoto, 1991b</a>: 289 (tibial spurs); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143548/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143548">Basibuyuk & Quicke, 1994</a>: 205 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429483/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429483"><i>Dorylus</i></a> strigil); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122547/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122547">Basibuyuk & Quicke, 1995</a>: 171, 176 (antenna cleaning apparatus); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143498/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143498">Basibuyuk & Quickle, 1999</a>: 349 (grooming, tarsus, tibial spur morphology); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143520/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143520">Basibuyuk <i>et al.</i>, 2000</a>: 625 (manubrium, manubrial sensillae); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143494/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143494">Federle <i>et al.</i>, 2000</a>: 505 (comparative attachment capacities); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143497/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143497">Federle <i>et al.</i>, 2001</a>: 6215 (pretarsal anatomy, functional morphology); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131963/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131963">Orivel <i>et al.</i>, 2001</a>: 449 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430052/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430052">Ponerinae</a> pretarsal morphology); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143492/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143492">Federle <i>et al.</i>, 2002</a>: 1100 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/442638/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/442638"><i>Oecophylla smaragdina</i></a> aroliar wet adhesion); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143500/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143500">Schulmeister, 2003</a>: 156 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429342/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429342"><i>Cataglyphis</i></a> tarsal plantulae); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143558/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143558">Böröczky <i>et al.</i>, 2013</a>: 3616 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/433412/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/433412"><i>Camponotus pennsylvanicus</i></a> grooming); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143490/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143490">Federle <i>et al.</i>, 2004</a>: 67 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/442638/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/442638"><i>Oecophylla smaragdina</i></a> arolium biomechanics); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143502/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143502">Federle & Endlein, 2004</a>: 67 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/442638/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/442638"><i>Oecophylla smaragdina</i></a> arolium control); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143491/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143491">Endlein & Federle, 2015</a>: e0141269 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/442638/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/442638"><i>Oecophylla smaragdina</i></a> arolium, distal tarsal brush); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143503/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143503">Hackmann <i>et al.</i>, 2015</a>: (functional morphology antenna cleaner); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143501/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143501">Billen <i>et al.</i>, 2017</a>: 24 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/443096/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/443096"><i>Brachyponera sennaarensis</i></a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/436304/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/436304"><i>Daceton armigerum</i></a> pretarsus, climbing ability); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143688/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143688">Beutel <i>et al.</i>, 2020</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429349/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429349"><i>Formica</i></a> tarsal anatomy, grooming and attachment structures); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143846/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143846">Billen <i>et al.</i>, 2021</a>: 1 (basitarsal sulcus gland)</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>WINGS</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124714/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124714">Emery, 1913d</a>: 577 (wing venation); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123254/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123254">Brown & Nutting, 1950</a>: 113 (wing venation); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127573/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127573">Ogata, 1984</a>: 4; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127582/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127582">Ogata, 1991b</a>: 64 (forewing venation); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130723/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130723">Basibuyuk & Quicke, 1997</a>: 1563 (hamuli); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132001/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132001">Perfilieva, 2010</a>: 965 (wing venation); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142963/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142963">Fisher & Bolton, 2016</a>: 459 (morphology and venation glossary); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143309/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143309">Cantone & Von Zuben, 2019</a>: 1 (hindwing venation and phylogeny); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143427/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143427">Cantone, 2019</a>: 1 (wing venation).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>METASOMA (SKELETON AND MUSCULATURE)</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126121/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126121">Janet, 1893</a>: 159 (stridulum); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126129/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126129">Janet, 1894a</a>: 109 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429776/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429776"><i>Myrmica</i></a> stridulum); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126133/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126133">Janet, 1894e</a>: 591 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429776/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429776"><i>Myrmica</i></a> metasoma); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126134/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126134">Janet, 1894f</a>: 185 <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429776/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429776"><i>Myrmica</i></a> petiole); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126123/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126123">Janet, 1902</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429776/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429776"><i>Myrmica</i></a> metasoma}; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143226/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143226">Short, 1959</a>: 194 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429483/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429483"><i>Dorylus</i></a> anterior metasomal skeletomusculature); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125611/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125611">Gotwald, 1969b</a>: 1 (gaster); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127123/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127123">Markl, 1973</a>: 258 (stridulitrum); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122851/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122851">Bolton, 1990a</a>: (abdominal morphology); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131444/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131444">Hashimoto, 1996</a>: 340 (anterior metasomal skeletomusculature); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132008/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132008">Perrault, 2005</a>: 291 (anterior metasomal anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143311/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143311">Fedoseeva, 2017</a>: 49 (metathoracic spiracles); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143979/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143979">Lieberman <i>et al.</i>, 2022</a>: 693 (abdominal skeletomusculature, soft tissue anatomy).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>VENOM APPARATUS</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127307/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127307">Meinert, 1861</a>: 723 (sting apparatus); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124895/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124895">Fenger, 1863</a>: 137 (ants, aculeates; caution: figures with errors); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125001/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125001">Forel, 1878a</a>: 28 (morphology, glands, emphasis on <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429149/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429149">Formicinae</a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429071/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429071">Dolichoderinae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124099/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124099">Dewitz, 1877</a>: 527 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/437754/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/437754"><i>Formica rufa</i></a> sting anatomy, development); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122715/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122715">Beyer, 1890</a>: 1; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126142/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126142">Janet, 1898c</a>: 638 (sting function, glands); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126144/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126144">Janet, 1898e</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429776/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429776"><i>Myrmica</i></a> sting function, gland); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143794/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143794">Daly, 1955</a>: 1 (skeletomusculature); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126566/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126566">Kugler, 1978a</a>: 413 (sting morphology, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429529/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429529">Myrmicinae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126570/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126570">Kugler, 1979c</a>: 117 (sting evolutionary morphology [for treatment of other groups, search for C. Kugler references]); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125885/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125885">Hermann & Chao, 1983</a>: 329 (sting comparative anatomy, emphasis on furcula); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143886/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143886">Somala <i>et al.</i>, 2020</a>: 53 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/450995/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/450995"><i>Tetraponera rufonigra</i></a> sting histology); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143979/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143979">Lieberman <i>et al.</i>, 2022</a>: 693 (sting skeletomusculature, soft tissue anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144449/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144449">Casadei-Ferreira <i>et al.</i>, 2025</a>: 80 (evolution and functional implications of stinger shape).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>GENITALIA</h6> <p>Crampton, 1919: 129 (male genitalia); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126300/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126300">Kempf, 1956</a>: 101 (male genitalia); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122771/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122771">Birket-Smith, 1981</a>: 377 (male genital skeletomusculature); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127577/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127577">Ogata, 1983a</a>: 2 (male genitalia), <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127582/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127582">Ogata, 1991b</a>: 61 (male genitalia, skeletomusculature); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/142314/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/142314">Boudinot, 2013</a>: 29 (male genitalia); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144170/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144170">Farder-Gomes <i>et al.</i>, 2019</a>: 515 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430379/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430379"><i>Acromyrmex rugosus</i></a> ovary, spermatheca); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144260/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144260">Griebenow <i>et al.</i>, 2023</a>: 945 (male genitalia, skeletomusculature); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144390/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144390">Boudinot <i>et al.</i>, 2024</a>: 1 (male genitalia, skeletomusculature)</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>SKELETON AND MUSCULATURE: MISCELLANEOUS</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126136/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126136">Janet, 1895b</a>: 610 (muscles); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126137/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126137">Janet, 1895c</a>: 1 (articulatory membrane, tendon, muscle); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126139/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126139">Janet, 1897b</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429776/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429776"><i>Myrmica</i></a> post-cephalic segmentation, musculature); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126140/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126140">Janet, 1898a</a>: 435 (post-cephalic segmentation, membranes); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125759/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125759">Harris, 1979</a>: 1 (surface sculpture); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125697/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125697">Gronenberg & Ehmer, 1995</a>: 68 (tubular muscle fibers).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>ALIMENTARY CANAL</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125003/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125003">Forel, 1878c</a>: 339 (proventriculus); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124543/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124543">Emery, 1888d</a>: 379 (proventriculus); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123316/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123316">Bugnion, 1926</a> 33 (anterior alimentary canal, see also: <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123319/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123319">Bugnion, 1927a</a>: 59; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123320/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123320">Bugnion, 1927c</a>: 105; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123317/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123317">Bugnion, 1929</a>: 55; <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123318/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123318">Bugnion, 1930</a>: 85); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125786/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125786">Haskins & Whelden, 1954</a>: 33 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429389/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429389"><i>Myrmecia</i></a> food transfer); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124480/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124480">Eisner, 1957</a>: 439 (proventriculus); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123243/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123243">Brown, 1988h</a>: 17 (malpighian tubule numbers); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123429/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123429">Caetano, 1988</a>: 129 (digestive tract anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143834/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143834">Solis <i>et al.</i>, 2012</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429718/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429718"><i>Monomorium</i></a> digestive tract); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143750/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143750">Casadei-Ferreira <i>et al.</i>, 2020</a>: 1 (thoracic crop in <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429833/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429833"><i>Pheidole</i></a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144230/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144230">Zharkov & Dubovikoff, 2023</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429237/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429237"><i>Oecophylla</i></a> proventriculus).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>TRACHEAL SYSTEM</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126290/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126290">Keister, 1963</a>: 336 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429244/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429244"><i>Camponotus</i></a> tracheal system anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143508/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143508">Délye, 1965</a>: 285 (spiracle anatomy, function); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143311/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143311">Fedoseeva, 2017</a>: 49 (metathoracic spiracles).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>GLANDULAR SYSTEM</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126131/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126131">Janet, 1894c</a>: 989 (general); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126132/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126132">Janet, 1894d</a>: 45 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429349/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429349"><i>Formica</i></a> pharyngeal glands); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126141/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126141">Janet, 1898b</a>: 1168 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429529/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429529">Myrmicinae</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126143/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126143">Janet, 1898d</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429776/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429776"><i>Myrmica</i></a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130299/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130299">Whelden, 1963a</a>: 13 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429459/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429459"><i>Eciton</i></a> w., q. comparison, see also: <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130300/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130300">Whelden, 1963b</a>: 90); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125952/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125952">Hölldobler & Engel, 1979</a>: 285 (tergal and sternal glands); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125954/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125954">Hölldobler & Engel-Siegel, 1982</a>: 113 (tergal and sternal glands); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125955/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125955">Hölldobler & Engel-Siegel, 1985</a>: 201 (metapleural gland); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122738/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122738">Billen, 1986b</a>: 165 (Dufour's gland); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122852/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122852">Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990</a>: 5, 229 (anatomy, exocrine glands); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122728/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122728">Billen, 1993</a>: 4 (exocrine glands); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131493/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131493">Hölldobler <i>et al.</i>, 1996</a>: 157 (metatibial gland); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132238/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132238">Schönitzer <i>et al.</i>, 1996</a>: 107 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/440187/hover_preview.json" class="synonym unresolved-homonym" href="/catalog/440187"><i>Messor rufitarsis</i></a> antenna cleaner gland); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132595/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132595">Wenseleers <i>et al.</i>, 1998</a>: 121 (cloacal gland); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143524/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143524">Jensen & Borgesen, 2000</a>: 171 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429718/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429718"><i>Monomorium</i></a> fat body); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143227/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143227">Gusmão <i>et al.</i>, 2001</a>: 31 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429613/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429613"><i>Atta</i></a> ultramorphology metapleural gland); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143518/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143518">Lommelen <i>et al.</i>, 2003</a>: 209 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/430115/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/430115"><i>Neoponera</i></a> labial gland development); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143436/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143436">Billen, 2019</a>: 165 (synopsis of exocrine glands); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143846/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143846">Billen <i>et al.</i>, 2021</a>: 1 (basitarsal sulcus gland); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143866/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143866">Wang <i>et al.</i>, 2021</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429559/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429559"><i>Strumigenys</i></a> scape gland); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143979/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143979">Lieberman <i>et al.</i>, 2022</a>: 693 (metapleural gland anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144125/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144125">Wang <i>et al.</i>, 2023</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429559/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429559"><i>Strumigenys</i></a> spongiform tissue).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>NEUROANATOMY</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126147/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126147">Janet, 1899b</a>: 295 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429776/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429776"><i>Myrmica</i></a> cranial nerves, corpora allata); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143148/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143148">Pietschker, 1910</a>: 43 (brain structure); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129330/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129330">Thompson, 1913</a>: 515 (mushroom body comparative anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143340/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143340">Brun, 1952</a>: 74 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/461984/hover_preview.json" class="homonym" href="/catalog/461984"><i>Tetramorium schneideri</i></a> neuroanatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143533/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143533">Steiger, 1967</a>: 511 (mushroom body, "corpus pedunculatum"); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125531/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125531">Goll, 1967</a>: 143 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429349/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429349"><i>Formica</i></a> neuroanatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127151/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127151">Masson, 1969</a>: 171 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429244/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429244"><i>Camponotus</i></a> deutocerebrum); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143511/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143511">Bressac & Rabitsch, 1969</a>: 135 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/431258/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/431258"><i>Aphaenogaster senilis</i></a> cranial nervous system); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127153/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127153">Masson, 1972a</a>: 31 (deutocerebrum); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127154/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127154">Masson, 1972b</a>: 343 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429244/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429244"><i>Camponotus</i></a>, see also <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127156/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127156">Masson <i>et al.</i>, 1972</a>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143512/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143512">Schoeters & Billen, 1999</a>: 139 (terminal abdominal ganglia); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143705/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143705">Julian & Gronenberg, 2002</a>: 152 (comparison worker, queens); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143529/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143529">Paul & Gronenberg, 2002</a>: 255 (mandible closer muscle motor control); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143530/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143530">Seid <i>et al.</i>, 2005</a>: 269 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429833/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429833"><i>Pheidole</i></a> age-related change mushroom bodies); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143525/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143525">Kühn-Bühlmann & Wehner, 2006</a>: 511 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429342/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429342"><i>Cataglyphis</i></a> mushroom body variation); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143704/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143704">Gronenberg, 2008</a>: 25 (family-level neuroanatomy review); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143532/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143532">Wehner, 2009</a>: 85 (navigational architecture); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131589/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131589">Kelber <i>et al.</i>, 2009</a>: 273 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429609/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429609">Attini</a>/<span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Attina</span> antennal lobe anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143531/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143531">Stieb <i>et al.</i>, 2010</a>: 408 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429342/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429342"><i>Cataglyphis</i></a> mushroom body variation); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143751/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143751">Bressan <i>et al.</i>, 2015</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429911/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429911"><i>Cardiocondyla</i></a> brain map); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143475/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143475">Ramirez-Esquivel <i>et al.</i>, 2017</a>: 552 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/449946/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/449946"><i>Temnothorax rugatulus</i></a> setation, compound eye anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143752/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143752">Habenstein <i>et al.</i>, 2020</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429342/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429342"><i>Cataglyphis</i></a> brain map).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>SENSORY STRUCTURE AND NEUROANATOMY</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125008/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125008">Forel, 1885a</a>: 1 (antennal sensillae); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126130/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126130">Janet, 1894b</a>: 814 (antennal nerves, chordotonal organ); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124051/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124051">Debaisieux, 1934</a>: 139 (scolopidial organs); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143478/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143478">Jaisson, 1969</a>: 279 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429529/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429529">Myrmicinae</a> antennal sensilla distribution); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126117/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126117">Jaisson, 1970</a>: 1192 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/431450/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/431450"><i>Atta laevigata</i></a> sensilla sexual dimorphism); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127152/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127152">Masson, 1970</a>: 346 (receptor anatomy, function); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143509/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143509">Masson & Gabouriaut, 1973</a>: 39 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429244/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429244"><i>Camponotus</i></a> Johnston's organ); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127155/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127155">Masson & Friggi, 1971</a>: 618 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429244/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429244"><i>Camponotus</i></a> sensilla coeloconica); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124441/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124441">Dumpert, 1972b</a>: 95 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/438773/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/438773"><i>Lasius fuliginosus</i></a> antennal sensilla); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129580/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129580">Walther, 1979a</a>: 30 (antennal sensilla, comparison to other <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Aculeata</span>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129581/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129581">Walther, 1979b</a>: 313 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/437754/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/437754"><i>Formica rufa</i></a> antennal sensilla); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129574/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129574">Walther, 1981</a>: 146 (cuticular sense organs, phylogeny); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129576/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129576">Walther, 1983</a>: 373 (antennal sensilla comparative morphology); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129578/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129578">Walther, 1985</a>: 173 (antennal sensilla review); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125763/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125763">Hashimoto, 1990</a>: 491 (antennal sensilla, comparison to other <span class="taxt-logged-in-only-gray-bold-notice">Aculeata</span>); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/125767/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/125767">Hashimoto, 1991a</a>: 125 (antennal and labial sensilla); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129579/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129579">Walther, 1994</a>: 360 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/442183/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/442183"><i>Nothomyrmecia macrops</i></a> antennal sensilla); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131411/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131411">Gronenberg & Hölldobler, 1999</a>: 229 (optical and antennal neuroanatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143479/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143479">Kleineidam <i>et al.</i>, 2000</a>: 43 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/431467/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/431467"><i>Atta sexdens</i></a> sensillum ampullaceum ultrastructure, physiology); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143487/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143487">Renthal <i>et al.</i>, 2003</a>: 405 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/447760/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/447760"><i>Solenopsis invicta</i></a> antennal sensilla distribution); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143960/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143960">Ozaki <i>et al.</i>, 2005</a>: 311 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/432909/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/432909"><i>Camponotus japonicus</i></a> "sensilla basiconica" form, function); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143480/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143480">Marques-Silva <i>et al.</i>, 2006</a>: 885 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/436418/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/436418"><i>Dinoponera lucida</i></a> antennal sensilla, secretory glands); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143483/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143483">Nakanishi <i>et al.</i>, 2009</a>: 79 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/432909/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/432909"><i>Camponotus japonicus</i></a> sexual dimorphism antennal sensilla); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132865/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132865">Barsagade <i>et al.</i>, 2010</a>: 53 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/432317/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/432317"><i>Camponotus compressus</i></a>: mouthpart sensilla); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143482/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143482">Mysore <i>et al.</i>, 2010</a>: 310 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/432317/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/432317"><i>Camponotus compressus</i></a> antennal sensilla, glomeruli, anatomy, development); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/132796/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/132796">Siddiqui <i>et al.</i>, 2010</a>: 6956 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/443096/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/443096"><i>Brachyponera sennaarensis</i></a> antennal sensilla ultrastructure); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143468/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143468">Barsagade <i>et al.</i>, 2013</a>: 113 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/432317/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/432317"><i>Camponotus compressus</i></a>: antennal sensilla); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143472/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143472">Gill <i>et al.</i>, 2013</a>: 834 (antennal sensilla density-dependent function); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143473/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143473">Ramirez-Esquivel <i>et al.</i>, 2014</a>: 543 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/441121/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/441121"><i>Myrmecia pyriformis</i></a> antennal sensilla); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143466/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143466">Barsagade <i>et al.</i>, 2017</a>: 99 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/439225/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/439225"><i>Leptogenys dentilobis</i></a>: mouthpart sensilla); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143469/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143469">Gathalkar & Barsagade, 2018</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/441736/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/441736"><i>Myrmicaria brunnea</i></a> head, antennal sensilla); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143470/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143470">Barsagade <i>et al.</i>, 2018</a>: 848 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/450995/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/450995"><i>Tetraponera rufonigra</i></a> leg sensilla); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143467/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143467">Barsagade <i>et al.</i>, 2019</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/439191/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/439191"><i>Leptogenys chinensis</i></a>, antennal sensilla).</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>GAMETES</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143576/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143576">Blochmann, 1886</a>: 143 (oogenesis); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143506/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143506">Blochmann, 1884</a>: 243 (oogenesis); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143504/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143504">Lams, 1908</a>: 528 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/432768/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/432768"><i>Camponotus herculeanus</i></a> spermatogenesis); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143507/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143507">Buchner, 1918</a>: 1 (oogenesis); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129826/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129826">Wheeler <i>et al.</i>, 1990</a>: 343 (sperm comparative ultrastructure); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/131897/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/131897">Moya <i>et al.</i>, 2007</a>: 181 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429409/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429409"><i>Pseudomyrmex</i></a> sperm ultrastructure); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144231/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144231">Jacintho <i>et al.</i>, 2023</a>: 433.</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>KARYOLOGY</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130301/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130301">Whelden & Haskins, 1954</a>: 579 (family-level comparisons); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/123970/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/123970">Crozier, 1970a</a>: 109 (karyology); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126051/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126051">Imai <i>et al.</i>, 1984</a>: 5 (karyology); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126052/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126052">Imai <i>et al.</i>, 1984</a>: 66 (karyology); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126059/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126059">Imai <i>et al.</i>, 1985</a>: 46 (karyology); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/144231/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/144231">Jacintho <i>et al.</i>, 2023</a>: 433.</p> </div> <div class='mb-4 group/reference-sections-item'> <h6 class='font-bold'>DEVELOPMENT (EMBRYO, LARVA, PRE-PUPA, PUPA)</h6> <p><a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143795/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143795">Ganin, 1869</a>: 1 (embryogenesis, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/437477/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/437477"><i>Formica fusca</i></a> focus); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/124099/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/124099">Dewitz, 1877</a>: 527 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/437754/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/437754"><i>Formica rufa</i></a> sting development); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143584/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143584">Blochmann, 1892</a>: 236 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429244/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429244"><i>Camponotus</i></a> embryogenesis); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143830/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143830">Berlese, 1902</a>: 233 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/449297/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/449297"><i>Tapinoma erraticum</i></a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/444258/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/444258"><i>Pheidole pallidula</i></a> larval anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143831/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143831">Pérez, 1902</a>: 198 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/437754/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/437754"><i>Formica rufa</i></a> postembryonic development); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126127/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126127">Janet, 1907</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429161/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429161"><i>Lasius</i></a> flight apodeme development); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143796/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143796">Tanquary, 1912</a>: 62 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429244/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429244"><i>Camponotus</i></a>, <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429776/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429776"><i>Myrmica</i></a> embryogenesis); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143797/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143797">Hegner, 1915</a>: 521 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429244/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429244"><i>Camponotus</i></a> embryogenesis); BUNCHER 1918 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429244/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429244"><i>Camponotus</i></a> embryogenesis); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/130129/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/130129">Wheeler, 1918c</a>: 293 (larvae); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143577/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143577">Lilienstern, 1932</a> 110 (bacteriocytes); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143310/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143310">Athias-Henriot, 1947</a>: 247 (larval anatomy, head musculature, multiple subfamilies); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143833/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143833">Valentini, 1951</a>: 249 (larval anatomy, adaptation, multiple subfamilies); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129774/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129774">Weir, 1957</a>: 499 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429776/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429776"><i>Myrmica</i></a> larval mid-gut functional anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/126788/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/126788">Lappano, 1958</a>: 31 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/437053/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/437053"><i>Eciton burchellii</i></a> larval anatomy, development); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143835/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143835">Nitschmann, 1959</a>: 453 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429776/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429776"><i>Myrmica</i></a> larval digestive tract development); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143838/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143838">Weir, 1959</a>: 27 ({t429776} larva head endocrine system); BUCHNER 1965 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429244/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429244"><i>Camponotus</i></a> embryogenesis); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143836/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143836">Emmert, 1968</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429349/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429349"><i>Formica</i></a> head gland development); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143837/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143837">Emmert, 1969</a>: 97 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429349/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429349"><i>Formica</i></a> labial gland); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143839/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143839">Jeantet, 1969</a>: 87 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429349/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429349"><i>Formica</i></a> fat tissue development); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127570/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127570">Ofer, 1970</a>: 49 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429313/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429313"><i>Polyrhachis</i></a> larval silk gland); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/122868/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/122868">Bonavita-Cougourdan & Poveda, 1972</a>: 775 (larval hindgut); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129906/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129906">Wheeler & Wheeler, 1976b</a>: 45 (larvae); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143832/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143832">Wang & Happ, 1974</a>: 73 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/442030/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/442030"><i>Neivamyrmex nigrescens</i></a> larval development); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127795/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127795">Petralia & Vinson, 1979</a>: 472 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/447760/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/447760"><i>Solenopsis invicta</i></a> development egg, larva); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143513/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143513">Petralia & Vinson, 1980</a>: 89 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/447760/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/447760"><i>Solenopsis invicta</i></a> fourth instar internal anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127796/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127796">Petralia & Vinson, 1980</a>: 375 (larval feeding surface variation); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/129923/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/129923">Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986e</a>: 684 (larvae); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/127794/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/127794">Petralia & Haut, 1986</a>: 16 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429244/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429244"><i>Camponotus</i></a> larval labial gland); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143825/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143825">Ortius-Lechner <i>et al.</i>, 2003</a>: 41 (larval gonads); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143834/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143834">Solis <i>et al.</i>, 2012</a>: 1 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429718/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429718"><i>Monomorium</i></a> larval digestive tract anatomy); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143824/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143824">Penick <i>et al.</i>, 2014</a>: 51 (larval genital imaginal discs); <a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/references/143910/hover_preview.json" class="taxt-hover-reference" href="/references/143910">Adams <i>et al.</i>, 2021</a>: 201 (<a data-controller="hover-preview" data-hover-preview-url-value="/catalog/429610/hover_preview.json" class="valid" href="/catalog/429610"><i>Acromyrmex</i></a> larval development, caste and sex identification)</p> </div> </div>  <div class='mb-12'></div> <h5 class='font-bold'>Citations</h5> <ul> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/9969">Adams, R. 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M.</a> 1915i ("1914"). <a href="/references/130096">The ants of the Baltic Amber.</a> Schriften der Physikalisch-Ökonomischen Gesellschaft zu Königsberg 55:1-142. <a class="pdf-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://antcat.org/documents/3494/3323.pdf">PDF</a> </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/8966">Wheeler, W. M.</a> 1916r. <a href="/references/130115">Formicoidea. Formicidae.</a> Pp. 577-601 in: <a href="/authors/9251">Viereck, H. L.</a> 1916. <a href="/references/130114">Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Part III. The Hymenoptera, or wasp-like insects, of Connecticut. Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey.</a> Bulletin 22:1-824. </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/8966">Wheeler, W. 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M.</a> 1923g. <a href="/references/130169">Social life among the insects.</a> New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., vii + 375 pp. </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/8966">Wheeler, W. M.</a> 1928h. <a href="/references/130203">The social insects: their origin and evolution.</a> New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., xviii + 378 pp. </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/8003">Whelden, R. M.</a> 1957. <a href="/references/130295">Notes on the anatomy of <i>Rhytidoponera</i> <i>convexa</i> Mayr ("<i>violacea</i>" Forel) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae).</a> Annals of the Entomological Society of America 50:271-282. </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/8003">Whelden, R. 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M.</a> 1963a. <a href="/references/130299">Anatomy of adult queen and workers of army ants <i>Eciton</i> <i>burchelli</i> Westw. and <i>E. hamatum</i> Fabr. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).</a> Journal of the New York Entomological Society 71:14-30. </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/8003">Whelden, R. M.</a> 1963b. <a href="/references/130300">The anatomy of the adult queen and workers of the army ants <i>Eciton</i> <i>burchelli</i> Westwood and <i>Eciton</i> <i>hamatum</i> Fabricus [sic] (continued).</a> Journal of the New York Entomological Society 71:90-115. </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/8003">Whelden, R. M.</a>; <a href="/authors/7996">Haskins, C. P.</a> 1954 ("1953"). <a href="/references/130301">Cytological and histological studies in the Formicidae. I. Chromosome morphology and the problem of sex determination.</a> Annals of the Entomological Society of America 46:579-595. </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/9335">White, W. F.</a> 1884. <a href="/references/130306">Ants and their ways. With illustrations, and an appendix giving a complete list of genera and species of the British ants.</a> London: Religious Tract Society, 279 pp. <a class="pdf-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://antcat.org/documents/3656/8215.pdf">PDF</a> </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/6935">Wilson, E. O.</a>; <a href="/authors/7198">Carpenter, F. M.</a>; <a href="/authors/7186">Brown, W. 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W.</a> 1838. <a href="/references/130596">Insecta Lapponica. Sectio secunda. Hymenoptera.</a> Lipsiae [= Leipzig]: L. Voss, pp. 317-475. </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/12672">Zharkov, D.</a>; <a href="/authors/9802">Dubovikoff, D. A.</a> 2023. <a href="/references/144230">A fossil "social stomach": micro-CT imaging unearths first fossil record of ant proventriculi and comparative analysis with recent species.</a> Journal of Morphology 284 (11):1-6. 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S.</a>; <a href="/authors/8428">Li, S.</a>; <a href="/authors/11890">Zhang, Q.</a>; <a href="/authors/11890">Zhang, Q.</a>; <a href="/authors/11890">Zhang, Q.</a>; <a href="/authors/11891">Wong, J.</a>; <a href="/authors/9397">Wang, J.</a>; <a href="/authors/9030">Wang, H.</a>; <a href="/authors/11892">Fang, Y.</a>; <a href="/authors/11893">Zhang, H.</a>; <a href="/authors/11680">Wang, B.</a> 2018. <a href="/references/143222">A Late Cretaceous amber biota from central Myanmar.</a> Nature Communications 9:3170. <a class="external-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05650-2">10.1038/s41467-018-05650-2</a> <a class="pdf-link" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05650-2">PDF</a> </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/10471">Zhou, S.</a> 2001a. <a href="/references/132709">Ants of Guangxi. [In Chinese.].</a> Guilin, China: Guangxi Normal University Press, 255 pp. <a class="pdf-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://antcat.org/documents/4136/9721.pdf">PDF</a> </li> <li class='group/citations-reference [&_a]:break-words'> <a href="/authors/12555">Zhu, W.</a>; <a href="/authors/12556">Wu, L.</a>; <a href="/authors/12557">Duan, L.</a>; <a href="/authors/9385">Xu, S.</a> 2022. <a href="/references/143940">A checklist of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in northern Shaanxi Province, China, with one new species of genus <i>Proformica</i> Ruzsky, 1902.</a> Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 25 (1):27 pp. [online early] <a class="external-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2022.101875">10.1016/j.aspen.2022.101875</a> <a class="pdf-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://antcat.org/documents/8193/zhu_et_al_2022_onlineearly_aspen_ants_of_shaanxi_incl_proformica_n_sp.pdf">PDF</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class='medium-3'> <div class='callout-white mb-4'> <p>Extant: 16 valid subfamilies, 38 valid tribes, 343 valid genera, 14,319 valid species</p><p>Fossil: 6 valid subfamilies, 6 valid tribes, 176 valid genera, 830 valid species</p> <a class="btn-default" href="/catalog/429011?include_full_statistics=true">More statistics</a> </div> <div class='callout-white'> <a class="external-link" href="https://www.antwiki.org/wiki/Formicidae">AntWiki</a> <a class="external-link" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Formicidae+Latreille%2C+1802">Google Scholar</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class='sticky color-coded-catalog-links nottiny:bottom-0' id='taxon-browser'> <div class='bg-white overflow-hidden h-auto' id='taxon-browser-css-tabs'> <div class='hidden px-4' data-toggler-name='taxon_key'> <div class='flex justify-between gap-1 flex-wrap'> <div>&dagger;fossil</div> <div class='valid'>valid</div> <div class='synonym'>synonym</div> <div class='unidentifiable'>unidentifiable/excluded from Formicidae</div> <div class='homonym'>homonym</div> <div class='unavailable'>unavailable/nomen nudum</div> <div class='obsolete-combination'>obsolete combination</div> </div> </div> <input checked='checked' class='taxon-browser-tab-input hidden' id='taxon-browser-tab-0' name='taxon_browser_tab' type='radio' value='selected tab'> <label class='text-ac-blue-text py-1 px-4 !m-0' for='taxon-browser-tab-0'>Formicidae subfamilies</label> <div class='float-right hidden sm:block'> <button class='btn-neutral' data-action='click->toggler#toggle' data-toggler-target='taxon_key'>toggle legend</button> <span class='base__btn [&_a]:text-white bg-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-600 border-gray-500'> <a rel="nofollow" data-method="put" href="/catalog/toggle_view?show=valid_and_invalid">show invalid<i class="antcat_icon refresh"></i></a> </span> </div> <div class='hidden overflow-y-auto clear-right p-4 pt-0 min-h-[10rem] max-h-[24vh]' id='taxon-browser-tab-0-content'> <ul class='no-bullet py-2 columns-[9rem]'> <li class='uppercase whitespace-nowrap'><span class="label-white-smaller"><a href="/catalog/429011?view=all_genera_in_family">All genera</a></span></li> <li class='uppercase whitespace-nowrap'><span class="label-white-smaller"><a href="/catalog/429011?view=incertae_sedis_in_family">Incertae sedis</a></span></li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430014">Agroecomyrmecinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430020">Amblyoponinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/429060">Aneuretinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/507398">Apomyrminae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430175">†Armaniinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430196">†Brownimeciinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/429071">Dolichoderinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/429481">Dorylinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/429497">Ectatomminae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430199">†Formiciinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/429149">Formicinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/508390">†Haidomyrmecinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430164">Leptanillinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430173">Martialinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/429387">Myrmeciinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/429529">Myrmicinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430147">Paraponerinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430052">Ponerinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430150">Proceratiinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/429404">Pseudomyrmecinae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/430185">†Sphecomyrminae</a> </li> <li class='whitespace-nowrap'> <a class="valid subfamily" href="/catalog/511088">†Zigrasimeciinae</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <footer class='bg-ac-blue text-white [&_a]:text-white [&_a:hover]:font-bold'> <div class='layout-container text-center text-sm pt-12 pb-8'> <div class='w-full flex flex-wrap'> <div class='w-full flex items-center justify-around lg:w-6/12'> <ul class='no-bullet'> <li><img alt="AntCat" class="inline-block mb-4" 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