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</a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-Islamic_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Islamic_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pre-Islamic period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Islamic_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Islamic period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sasanian_and_early_Islamic_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sasanian_and_early_Islamic_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Sasanian and early Islamic period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sasanian_and_early_Islamic_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abbasids_and_Seljuks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abbasids_and_Seljuks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Abbasids and Seljuks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abbasids_and_Seljuks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mongols_and_Turkmens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mongols_and_Turkmens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Mongols and Turkmens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mongols_and_Turkmens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safavid,_Afshars_and_Qajars_and_loss_of_the_adjacent_Caucasian_territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safavid,_Afshars_and_Qajars_and_loss_of_the_adjacent_Caucasian_territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Safavid, Afshars and Qajars and loss of the adjacent Caucasian territories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safavid,_Afshars_and_Qajars_and_loss_of_the_adjacent_Caucasian_territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.5</span> <span>Contemporary age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.6</span> <span>Monuments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mountains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mountains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Mountains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mountains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rivers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Rivers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biosphere_reserve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biosphere_reserve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Biosphere reserve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biosphere_reserve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Lakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Plain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_Azerbaijan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Azerbaijan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>In Azerbaijan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Azerbaijan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assembly_of_Experts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assembly_of_Experts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Assembly of Experts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assembly_of_Experts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_Consultative_Assembly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_Consultative_Assembly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Islamic Consultative Assembly</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_Consultative_Assembly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cabinet_of_Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cabinet_of_Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Cabinet of Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cabinet_of_Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consulate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consulate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Consulate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consulate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Free_trade_zones_and_exhibition_centers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Free_trade_zones_and_exhibition_centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Free trade zones and exhibition centers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free_trade_zones_and_exhibition_centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heavy_industries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heavy_industries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Heavy industries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heavy_industries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rugs_and_carpets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rugs_and_carpets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Rugs and carpets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rugs_and_carpets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food_industries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_industries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Food industries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_industries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Immigration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_2014_administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_2014_administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>New 2014 administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_2014_administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>UNESCO World Heritage Sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Colleges and universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ashik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ashik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Ashik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ashik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Azerbaijan_Cultural_and_Literature_Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azerbaijan_Cultural_and_Literature_Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Azerbaijan Cultural and Literature Foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azerbaijan_Cultural_and_Literature_Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air_lines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_lines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Air lines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_lines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Bridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Metro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-TV_and_radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TV_and_radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>TV and radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TV_and_radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Native_language_instruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Native_language_instruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Native language instruction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Native_language_instruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newspapers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newspapers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Newspapers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newspapers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sport_Olympiad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_Olympiad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Sport Olympiad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_Olympiad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_sport_clubs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_sport_clubs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Major sport clubs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_sport_clubs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_sport_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_sport_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Major sport events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_sport_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Sports facilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Azerbaijan (Iran)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeraland" title="Azeraland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Azeraland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="أذربيجان (إيران) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أذربيجان (إيران)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C9%99nubi_Az%C9%99rbaycan" title="Cənubi Azərbaycan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cənubi Azərbaycan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آذربایجان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آذربایجان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ইরানি আজারবাইজান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইরানি আজারবাইজান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D3%98%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Иран Әзербайжаны – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Иран Әзербайжаны" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Іранскі Азербайджан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іранскі Азербайджан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaidjan_Irani%C3%A0" title="Azerbaidjan Iranià – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Azerbaidjan Iranià" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81zerb%C3%A1jd%C5%BE%C3%A1n_(%C3%8Dr%C3%A1n)" title="Ázerbájdžán (Írán) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ázerbájdžán (Írán)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aserbaidschan_(Iran)" title="Aserbaidschan (Iran) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aserbaidschan (Iran)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aserbaid%C5%BEaan_(Iraan)" title="Aserbaidžaan (Iraan) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aserbaidžaan (Iraan)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaiy%C3%A1n_iran%C3%AD" title="Azerbaiyán iraní – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Azerbaiyán iraní" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaj%C4%9Dano_(Irano)" title="Azerbajĝano (Irano) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Azerbajĝano (Irano)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irango_Azerbaijan" title="Irango Azerbaijan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Irango Azerbaijan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آذربایجان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آذربایجان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerba%C3%AFdjan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaïdjan (Iran) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Azerbaïdjan (Iran)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Asarbaise%C3%A1in_(an_Iar%C3%A1in)" title="An Asarbaiseáin (an Iaráin) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Asarbaiseáin (an Iaráin)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Azerbaycan" title="Güney Azerbaycan – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Güney Azerbaycan" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80%EB%A0%B9_%EC%95%84%EC%A0%9C%EB%A5%B4%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%94" title="이란령 아제르바이잔 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이란령 아제르바이잔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Իրանական Ադրբեջան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իրանական Ադրբեջան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranski_Azerbajd%C5%BEan" title="Iranski Azerbajdžan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Iranski Azerbajdžan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Azerbaijan (Iran)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaigian_iraniano" title="Azerbaigian iraniano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Azerbaigian iraniano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaycan_(%C3%8Eran)" title="Azerbaycan (Îran) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Azerbaycan (Îran)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C4%81nas_Azerbaid%C5%BE%C4%81na" title="Irānas Azerbaidžāna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Irānas Azerbaidžāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irano_Azerbaid%C5%BEanas" title="Irano Azerbaidžanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Irano Azerbaidžanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1ni_Azerbajdzs%C3%A1n" title="Iráni Azerbajdzsán – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Iráni Azerbajdzsán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaij%C3%A0na_Iraniana" title="Azerbaijàna Iraniana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Azerbaijàna Iraniana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایران آذربایجان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایران آذربایجان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Azerbaijan (Iran)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%87%E1%80%AC%E1%80%98%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA)" title="အဇာဘိုင်ဂျန် ပြည်နယ် (အီရန်) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဇာဘိုင်ဂျန် ပြည်နယ် (အီရန်)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbeidzjan_(Iran)" title="Azerbeidzjan (Iran) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Azerbeidzjan (Iran)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B6%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="アーザルバーイジャーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アーザルバーイジャーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iransk_Aserbajdsjan" title="Iransk Aserbajdsjan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Iransk Aserbajdsjan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eron_Ozarbayjoni" title="Eron Ozarbayjoni – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Eron Ozarbayjoni" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_(%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8)" title="ਆਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨ (ਇਰਾਨ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨ (ਇਰਾਨ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایرانی آذربائیجان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایرانی آذربائیجان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbejd%C5%BCan_Ira%C5%84ski" title="Azerbejdżan Irański – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Azerbejdżan Irański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaij%C3%A3o_(Ir%C3%A3)" title="Azerbaijão (Irã) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Azerbaijão (Irã)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaidjan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaidjan (Iran) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Azerbaidjan (Iran)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иранский Азербайджан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иранский Азербайджан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Azerbaijan (Iran)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_(%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8E%D9%85)" title="ئازەربایجان (ھەرێم) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئازەربایجان (ھەرێم)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ирански Азербејџан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ирански Азербејџан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azarbajd%C5%BEan_(Iran)" title="Azarbajdžan (Iran) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Azarbajdžan (Iran)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaid%C5%BEan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaidžan (Iran) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Azerbaidžan (Iran)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azarbaijan" title="Azarbaijan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Azarbaijan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99)" title="อาเซอร์ไบจาน (ประเทศอิหร่าน) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาเซอร์ไบจาน (ประเทศอิหร่าน)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Azerbaycan" title="Güney Azerbaycan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Güney Azerbaycan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnorta_Azerba%C3%BDjan" title="Günorta Azerbaýjan – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Günorta Azerbaýjan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Іранський Азербайджан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іранський Азербайджан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="آذربائیجان (ایران) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آذربائیجان (ایران)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B2%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئىران ئەزەربەيجان – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىران ئەزەربەيجان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaycan%C3%AA_%C4%B0rani" title="Azerbaycanê İrani – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Azerbaycanê İrani" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Azerbaijan_(Iran)&params=37.6_N_47_E_scale:5000000"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°36′N</span> <span class="longitude">47°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.6°N 47.0°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.6; 47.0</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_Azerbaijan&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Azerbaijan">Iranian Azerbaijan</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historical region in northwestern Iran</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Republic of Azerbaijan</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Azerbaijan (disambiguation)">Azerbaijan (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_historical_region_of_(Iranian)_Azerbaijan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Map_of_the_historical_region_of_%28Iranian%29_Azerbaijan.png/220px-Map_of_the_historical_region_of_%28Iranian%29_Azerbaijan.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Map_of_the_historical_region_of_%28Iranian%29_Azerbaijan.png/330px-Map_of_the_historical_region_of_%28Iranian%29_Azerbaijan.png 1.5x, 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Azerbaijan" title="Category:Azerbaijan">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff"> <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Azerbaijan" title="Culture of Azerbaijan">Culture</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Azerbaijan" title="Architecture of Azerbaijan">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_art" title="Azerbaijani art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Azerbaijan" title="Cinema of Azerbaijan">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_dances" title="Azerbaijani dances">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_traditional_clothing" title="Azerbaijani traditional clothing">Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_literature" title="Azerbaijani literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Azerbaijan" title="Culture of Azerbaijan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Azerbaijan" title="Music of Azerbaijan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_folklore" title="Azerbaijani folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Religion in Azerbaijan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Azerbaijan" title="Sport in Azerbaijan">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre in Azerbaijan">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Tourism in Azerbaijan">Tourism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff"> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_population" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijani population">Traditional areas of settlement</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iran</a> <small>(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iranian Azerbaijan</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Russia" title="Azerbaijanis in Russia">Russia</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Derbent" title="Derbent">Derbent</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Georgia" title="Azerbaijanis in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Armenia" title="Azerbaijanis in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Turkey" title="Azerbaijanis in Turkey">Turkey</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Kars" title="Kars">Kars</a>, <a href="/wiki/I%C4%9Fd%C4%B1r" title="Iğdır">Iğdır</a>)</small></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff"> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_diaspora" title="Azerbaijani diaspora">Diaspora</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Belarus" title="Azerbaijanis in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Canadians" title="Azerbaijani Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_France" title="Azerbaijanis in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Germany" title="Azerbaijanis in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Kazakhstan" title="Azerbaijanis in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Azerbaijanis in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Russia" title="Azerbaijanis in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Turkmenistan" title="Azerbaijanis in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Ukraine" title="Azerbaijanis in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Uzbekistan" title="Azerbaijanis in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Azerbaijanis in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Americans" title="Azerbaijani Americans">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Religion in Azerbaijan">Religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Abrahamic_religions_of_Azerbaijan" title="Pre-Abrahamic religions of Azerbaijan">Pre-Abrahamic religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Azerbaijan" title="Islam in Azerbaijan">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Azerbaijan" title="Christianity in Azerbaijan">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in Azerbaijan">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Zoroastrianism in Azerbaijan">Zoroastrianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarsanism" title="Yarsanism">Yarsanism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff"> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Language</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff"> Persecution</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_Days" title="March Days">March Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_Azerbaijanis_from_Armenia" title="Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia">Deportations from Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gugark_pogrom" title="Gugark pogrom">Gugark pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_January" title="Black January">Black January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojaly_massacre" title="Khojaly massacre">Khojaly massacre</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="font-weight:normal; border-top:#aaa 1px solid"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Azerbaijan" title="Portal:Azerbaijan"><b>Azerbaijan Portal</b> </a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Azerbaijanis" title="Template:Azerbaijanis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Azerbaijanis" title="Template talk:Azerbaijanis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Azerbaijanis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Azerbaijanis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Azerbaijan_(Iran)&params=37.6_N_47_E_scale:5000000"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°36′N</span> <span class="longitude">47°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.6°N 47.0°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.6; 47.0</span></span></span></a></span></span> <b>Azerbaijan</b> or <b>Azarbaijan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>/<a href="/wiki/South_Azerbaijani" class="mw-redirect" title="South Azerbaijani">Azerbaijani</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl" style="font-style: normal;">آذربایجان</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Āzarbāyjān</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Persian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">[ɒːzæɾbɒːjˈdʒɒːn]</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Azerbaijani pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="az-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Azerbaijani" title="Help:IPA/Azerbaijani">[ɑːzæɾbɑjˈdʒɑn]</a></span>), also known as <b>Iranian Azerbaijan</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Historical_region" title="Historical region">historical region</a> in northwestern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> that borders <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> to the west and <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, and the Azerbaijani exclave of the <a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic</a> to the north. </p><p>Iranian Azerbaijan includes three northwestern Iranian provinces: <a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan_province" title="West Azerbaijan province">West Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan_province" title="East Azerbaijan province">East Azerbaijan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ardabil_province" title="Ardabil province">Ardabil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some authors also include <a href="/wiki/Zanjan_province" title="Zanjan province">Zanjan</a> in this list, some in a geographical sense,<sup id="cite_ref-SwietochowskiCollins1999_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SwietochowskiCollins1999-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> others only culturally (due to the predominance of the Azeri Turkic population there).<sup id="cite_ref-Atabaki2000_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atabaki2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region is mostly populated by <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a>, with minority populations of <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tat_people_(Iran)" title="Tat people (Iran)">Tats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talysh_people" title="Talysh people">Talysh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persians</a>. </p><p>Iranian Azerbaijan is the land originally and historically called Azerbaijan; the Azerbaijani-populated Republic of Azerbaijan appropriated the name of the neighbouring Azerbaijani-populated region in Iran during the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-I.B.Tauris_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-I.B.Tauris-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-I.B._Tauris_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-I.B._Tauris-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Amsterdam_University_Press_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amsterdam_University_Press-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historic Azerbaijan was called <i><a href="/wiki/Atropatene" title="Atropatene">Atropatene</a></i> in antiquity and <i>Aturpatakan</i> (<a href="/wiki/Adurbadagan" title="Adurbadagan">Adurbadagan</a>) in the pre-Islamic Middle Ages. Some people refer to Iranian Azerbaijan as <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(toponym)#Southern_Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan (toponym)">South (or Southern) Azerbaijan</a> and the Republic of Azerbaijan as Northern Azerbaijan,<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2002_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_2002-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although others believe that these terms are <a href="/wiki/Irredentist" class="mw-redirect" title="Irredentist">irredentist</a> and politically motivated.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following military defeats at the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar Persia</a> ceded all of its territories in the <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcaucasia">Transcaucasia</a> to Russia via the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gulistan" title="Treaty of Gulistan">Treaty of Gulistan</a> of 1813 and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Treaty of Turkmenchay</a> of 1828.<sup id="cite_ref-Swietochowski_Borderland_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swietochowski_Borderland-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The territories south of the <a href="/wiki/Aras_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Aras River">Aras River</a>, which comprised the region historically known as Azerbaijan, became the new north-west frontier of the Persian Empire and later Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.nl_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.nl-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The territories north of the Aras River, which were not known by the name Azerbaijan at the time of their capture by Russia, were absorbed into the Russian Empire, renamed the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a> during the country's short-lived independence from 1918 to 1920,<sup id="cite_ref-Siavash_Lornejad_p_10_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siavash_Lornejad_p_10-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic</a>, and finally became the independent Republic of Azerbaijan when the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union dissolved</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_usage">Etymology and usage</h2></div> <p>The name Azerbaijan itself is derived from <i><a href="/wiki/Atropates" title="Atropates">Atropates</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persian</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">Satrap</a> (governor) of <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Medea</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a>, who ruled a region found in modern Iranian Azerbaijan called <i><a href="/wiki/Atropatene" title="Atropatene">Atropatene</a></i>. Atropates's name is believed to be derived from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Persian" title="Old Persian">Old Persian</a> roots meaning "protected by fire."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name is also mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Avesta" title="Avesta">Avestan</a> Frawardin Yasht: <i>âterepâtahe ashaonô fravashîm ýazamaide</i> which translates literally to: "We worship the <a href="/wiki/Fravashi" title="Fravashi">Fravashi</a> of the holy Atare-pata."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i>: "In <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Persian language">Middle Persian</a> the name of the province was called Āturpātākān, older new-Persian Ādharbādhagān (آذربادگان/آذرآبادگان), Ādharbāyagān, at present Āzerbāydjān/Āzarbāydjān, <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <i>Atropatēnḗ</i> (Ἀτροπατηνή), <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Greek language">Byzantine Greek</a> <i>Adravigánon</i> (᾿Αδραβιγάνων), <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> <i>Atrpatakan</i> (Ատրպատական), <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a> <i>Adhorbāyghān</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-Minorsky_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minorsky-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name Atropat in Middle Persian was transformed to Adharbad and is connected with Zoroastrianism. A famous Zoroastrian priest by the name Adarbad Mahraspandan is well known for his counsels.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Azerbaijan, due to its numerous fire-temples has also been quoted in a variety of historic sources as being the birthplace of the prophet <a href="/wiki/Zoroaster" title="Zoroaster">Zoroaster</a> although modern scholars have not yet reached an agreement on the location of his birth.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar Iran</a> was forced to cede to <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Imperial Russia</a> its Caucasian territories north of the <a href="/wiki/Aras_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Aras River">Aras River</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, and the Republic of <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>), through the treaties of <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gulistan" title="Treaty of Gulistan">Gulistan</a> (1813) and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Turkmenchay</a> (1828). Following the disintegration of the Russian Empire in 1917, as well as the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_Democratic_Federative_Republic" title="Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic">Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic</a>, in 1918, the leading <a href="/wiki/Musavat" title="Musavat">Musavat government</a> adopted the name "Azerbaijan" for the newly established <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a>, which was proclaimed on May 27, 1918,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for political reasons,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even though the name of "Azerbaijan" had always been used to refer to the adjacent region of contemporary northwestern Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-I.B.Tauris_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-I.B.Tauris-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-I.B._Tauris_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-I.B._Tauris-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Amsterdam_University_Press_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amsterdam_University_Press-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, until 1918, when the Musavat regime decided to name the newly independent state Azerbaijan, this designation had been used exclusively to identify the Iranian province of Azerbaijan.<sup id="cite_ref-I.B._Tauris_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-I.B._Tauris-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Amsterdam_University_Press_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amsterdam_University_Press-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Siavash_Lornejad_p_10_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siavash_Lornejad_p_10-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Iran" title="History of Iran">History of Iran</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6_-_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%82%D9%84_A_Page_419.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6_-_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%82%D9%84_A_Page_419.JPG/100px-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6_-_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%82%D9%84_A_Page_419.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6_-_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%82%D9%84_A_Page_419.JPG/150px-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6_-_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%82%D9%84_A_Page_419.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6_-_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%82%D9%84_A_Page_419.JPG/200px-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6_-_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%82%D9%84_A_Page_419.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1435" data-file-height="1965" /></a><figcaption>Caspian sea and Azerbaijan position on the left side of the map in the 10th century. The original map is in Ṣūrat al-'Arḍ (صورة الارض; "The face of the Earth"), Ibn Hawqal (977), Beyrut, page 419.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ibn_Hawqal%E2%80%99s_map_1_wiki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Ibn_Hawqal%E2%80%99s_map_1_wiki.jpg/100px-Ibn_Hawqal%E2%80%99s_map_1_wiki.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Ibn_Hawqal%E2%80%99s_map_1_wiki.jpg/150px-Ibn_Hawqal%E2%80%99s_map_1_wiki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Ibn_Hawqal%E2%80%99s_map_1_wiki.jpg/200px-Ibn_Hawqal%E2%80%99s_map_1_wiki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2956" data-file-height="4148" /></a><figcaption>An old map of Azerbaijan and its neighboring regions depicted by the Ibn Hawqal 1145 AD</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TabulaRogeriana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/TabulaRogeriana.jpg/220px-TabulaRogeriana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/TabulaRogeriana.jpg/330px-TabulaRogeriana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/TabulaRogeriana.jpg/440px-TabulaRogeriana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="1872" /></a><figcaption>The <i><a href="/wiki/Tabula_Rogeriana" title="Tabula Rogeriana">Tabula Rogeriana</a></i>, drawn by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Idrisi" title="Muhammad al-Idrisi">Muhammad al-Idrisi</a> for <a href="/wiki/Roger_II_of_Sicily" title="Roger II of Sicily">Roger II of Sicily</a> in 1154. Azerbaijan in the southwest of the Caspian sea. South is towards the top.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Islamic_period">Pre-Islamic period</h3></div> <p>The oldest kingdom known in Iranian Azerbaijan is that of the <a href="/wiki/Mannaeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Mannaeans">Mannea</a> who ruled a region south-east of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Urmia" title="Lake Urmia">Lake Urmia</a> centered around modern <a href="/wiki/Saqqez" title="Saqqez">Saqqez</a>. The Manneans were a confederation of Iranian and non-Iranian groups. According to Professor Zadok: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>it is unlikely that there was any ethnolinguistic unity in Mannea. Like other peoples of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a>, the Manneans were subjected to an ever-increasing Iranian (i.e., Indo-European) penetration.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The Mannaeans were conquered and absorbed by an Iranian people called Matieni, and the country was called <a href="/wiki/Matiene" title="Matiene">Matiene</a>, with Lake Urmia called Lake Matianus. Matiene was later conquered by the Medes and became a satrapy of the Median empire and then a sub-satrapy of the Median satrapy of the Persian Empire. </p><p>According to <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Medes</a> were an: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Indo-European people, related to the Persians, who entered northeastern Iran probably as early as the 17th century BC and settled in the plateau land that came to be known as Media.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> conquered <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>, he appointed (328 BC) as governor the Persian general <a href="/wiki/Atropates" title="Atropates">Atropates</a>, who eventually established an independent dynasty. The region, which came to be known as <a href="/wiki/Atropatene" title="Atropatene">Atropatene</a> or Media Atropatene (after Atropates), was much disputed. In the 2nd century BC, it was liberated from <a href="/wiki/Seleucid" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid">Seleucid</a> domination by <a href="/wiki/Mithradates_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithradates I">Mithradates I</a> of <a href="/wiki/Arsacid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsacid Empire">Arsacid dynasty</a>, and was later made a province of the <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid Empire">Sassanid Empire</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ardashir_I" title="Ardashir I">Ardashir I</a>. Under the Sassanids, Azerbaijan was ruled by a <i>marzubān</i>, and, towards the end of the period, belonged to the family of <a href="/wiki/Farrokh_Hormizd" class="mw-redirect" title="Farrokh Hormizd">Farrokh Hormizd</a>. </p><p>Large parts of the region were conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Kingdom of Armenia</a>. Large parts of the region made up part of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">historical Armenia</a>. The parts of historical Armenia within what is modern-day Azerbaijan comprise; <a href="/wiki/Nor_Shirakan" title="Nor Shirakan">Nor Shirakan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaspurakan" title="Vaspurakan">Vaspurakan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paytakaran" title="Paytakaran">Paytakaran</a>. Vaspurakan, of which large parts were located in what is modern-day Iranian Azerbaijan is described as the cradle of <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> civilization.<sup id="cite_ref-ArmVan_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArmVan-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 May 451 AD, a very important battle was fought that would prove immensely pivotal in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Armenia" title="History of Armenia">Armenian history</a>. On the <a href="/wiki/Avarayr_Plain" title="Avarayr Plain">Avarayr Plain</a>, at what is modern-day <a href="/wiki/Churs" title="Churs">Churs</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan Province">West Azerbaijan Province</a>), the Armenian Army under <a href="/wiki/Vardan_Mamikonian" title="Vardan Mamikonian">Vardan Mamikonian</a> clashed with <a href="/wiki/Sassanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid">Sassanid</a> Persia. Although the Persians were victorious on the battlefield itself, the battle proved to be a major strategic victory for Armenians, as Avarayr paved the way to the <a href="/wiki/Nvarsak_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Nvarsak Treaty">Nvarsak Treaty</a> (484 AD), which affirmed Armenia's right to practice Christianity freely.<sup id="cite_ref-Hewsen_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hewsen-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pattie_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pattie-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Byzantine emperor</a>, briefly held the region in the 7th century until peace was made with the Sassanids. After the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Conquest_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Conquest of Iran">Islamic Conquest of Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> invaders converted most of its people to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and made it part of the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphate</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_period">Islamic period</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sasanian_and_early_Islamic_period">Sasanian and early Islamic period</h4></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Arab invasion of Iran</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Spahbed" title="Spahbed">Spahbed</a> of Iran was <a href="/wiki/Rostam_Farrokhzad" title="Rostam Farrokhzad">Rostam Farrokhzad</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Farrukh_Hormizd" title="Farrukh Hormizd">Farrukh Hormizd</a>, who was the son of <a href="/wiki/Vinduyih" title="Vinduyih">Vinduyih</a>, the uncle of <a href="/wiki/Khosrau_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Khosrau I">Khosrau I</a> and brother of the Sasanian usurper <a href="/wiki/Vistahm" title="Vistahm">Vistahm</a>. Rustam himself was born in Azerbaijan and led the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasanian army">Sasanian army</a> into battle. He is also mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Shahnameh" title="Shahnameh">Shahnameh</a>. </p><p>The Sasanian army was defeated at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Q%C4%81disiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qādisiyyah">battle of al-Qādisiyyah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rostam_Farrokhzad" title="Rostam Farrokhzad">Rostam Farrokhzad</a>, along with many other Sasanian veterans, was killed. In 642, <a href="/wiki/Piruz_Khosrow" title="Piruz Khosrow">Piruz Khosrow</a>, one of the Sasanian survivors during the battle of al-Qādisiyyah, fought against the Muslims at <a href="/wiki/Nahavand" title="Nahavand">Nahavand</a>, which was a gateway to the provinces of Azerbaijan, <a href="/wiki/Persian_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Armenia">Armenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albania</a>. The battle was fierce, but the Sasanian troops lost during the battle. This opened the gateway for the Muslims to enter Azerbaijan. The Muslims then invaded Azerbaijan and captured <a href="/wiki/Isfandiyar_(Sasanian_commander)" class="mw-redirect" title="Isfandiyar (Sasanian commander)">Isfandiyar</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Farrukhzad" title="Farrukhzad">Farrukhzad</a>. Isfandiyar then promised, in return for his life, that he would agree to surrender his estates in Azerbaijan and aid the Muslims in defeating his brother, Bahram. Bahram was then defeated and sued for peace. A pact was drawn up according to which Azerbaijan was surrendered to <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliph</a> <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a> on usual terms of paying the annual <a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">Jizya</a>. </p><p>Muslims settled in Azerbaijan as they did in many parts of Iran. According to the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijani" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Azerbaijani">Iranian Azerbaijani</a> historian <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Kasravi" title="Ahmad Kasravi">Ahmad Kasravi</a>, more Muslims settled in Azerbaijan compared to other provinces due to the province's plentiful and fertile pastures. Local revolts against the Caliphate were common and the most famous of these revolts was the Persian <a href="/wiki/Khurramites" title="Khurramites">Khurramite movement</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abbasids_and_Seljuks">Abbasids and Seljuks</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adharbayjan_Ninth_Century.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Adharbayjan_Ninth_Century.svg/220px-Adharbayjan_Ninth_Century.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Adharbayjan_Ninth_Century.svg/330px-Adharbayjan_Ninth_Century.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Adharbayjan_Ninth_Century.svg/440px-Adharbayjan_Ninth_Century.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>Map of Adharbayjan in the 9th-century</figcaption></figure> <p>After the revolt of <a href="/wiki/Babak_Khorramdin" title="Babak Khorramdin">Babak Khorramdin</a>, who was a Zoroastrian of neo-Mazdakite background, the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> caliphate's grip on Azerbaijan weakened, allowing native dynasties to rise in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan was taken over by the Kurdish <a href="/wiki/Daisam" class="mw-redirect" title="Daisam">Daisam</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sallarid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sallarid">Sallarid</a> <a href="/wiki/Marzuban_bin_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Marzuban bin Muhammad">Marzuban</a>, the latter united it with <a href="/wiki/Arran_(Caucasus)" title="Arran (Caucasus)">Arran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shirvan" title="Shirvan">Shirvan</a>, and most of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Armenia" title="Eastern Armenia">Eastern Armenia</a>. After confrontations with the local <a href="/wiki/Dailamite" class="mw-redirect" title="Dailamite">Dailamite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurdish</a> populations who had already established their own dynasties and emirates in different parts of Azerbaijan, the <a href="/wiki/Seljuks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuks">Seljuks</a> dominated the region in the 11th and early 12th centuries, at which point the linguistic Turkification of the native Iranian populations began. In 1136, Azerbaijan fell to the Atabakan-e-Azerbaijan and Atabakan-e-Maragheh. It was later invaded by the Khwarizm Shah Jalal ad-din who held Azerbaijan until the advent of the Mongol invasions. </p><p>In the early years of the 13th century, large parts of Azerbaijan were conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Kingdom of Georgia</a>, at the time led by <a href="/wiki/Tamar_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamar the Great">Tamar the Great</a>. Under the command of the brothers Zakaria and Ivane <a href="/wiki/Mkhargrdzeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhargrdzeli">Mkhargrdzeli</a>, the Georgians conquered Ardabil and Tabriz in 1208, and Qazvin and Khoy in 1210.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mongols_and_Turkmens">Mongols and Turkmens</h4></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> under <a href="/wiki/Hulagu_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulagu Khan">Hulagu Khan</a> established their capital at <a href="/wiki/Maragheh" title="Maragheh">Maragheh</a>. The book <i><a href="/wiki/Safina-yi_Tabriz" title="Safina-yi Tabriz">Safina-yi Tabriz</a></i> describes the general state of <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilkhanid">Ilkhanid</a> period. After being conquered by <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a> in the 14th century, Tabriz became an important provincial capital of the <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timurid empire</a>. Later, Tabriz became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kara_Koyunlu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kara Koyunlu">Kara Koyunlu</a> empire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Safavid,_Afshars_and_Qajars_and_loss_of_the_adjacent_Caucasian_territories"><span id="Safavid.2C_Afshars_and_Qajars_and_loss_of_the_adjacent_Caucasian_territories"></span>Safavid, Afshars and Qajars and loss of the adjacent Caucasian territories</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid dynasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afsharid_dynasty" title="Afsharid dynasty">Afsharid dynasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Khanates_of_the_Caucasus" title="Khanates of the Caucasus">Khanates of the Caucasus</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_Wars" title="Russo-Persian Wars">Russo-Persian Wars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gulistan" title="Treaty of Gulistan">Treaty of Gulistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Treaty of Turkmenchay</a></div> <p>It was out of <a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a> (ancient Artavilla) that the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid dynasty</a> arose to renew the state of Persia and establish Shi'ism as the official religion of Iran. Around the same time, the population of what is now Azerbaijan and Iran <a href="/wiki/Safavid_conversion_of_Iran_to_Shia_Islam" title="Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam">were converted to Shiism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-N8IKR0oqdRkC_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N8IKR0oqdRkC-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and both nations remain the only nations in the world with a significantly Shia majority, with Iran having the largest Shia population by percentage, with the Republic of Azerbaijan having the second-largest Shia population by percentage.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1502, Azerbaijan became the chief bulwark and military base of the Safavids. It was the chief province from which the various Iranian empires would control their <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasian</a> provinces, all the way up to <a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a> in the early 19th century. In the meantime, between 1514 and 1603, the Ottomans sometimes occupied Tabriz and other parts of the province during <a href="/wiki/Ottoman-Persian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman-Persian Wars">their numerous wars</a> with their Safavid ideological and political archrivals. The Safavid control was restored by Shah Abbas but during the Afghan invasion (1722–8) the Ottomans recaptured Azerbaijan and other western provinces of Iran, until <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a> expelled them. At the beginning of the reign of <a href="/wiki/Karim_Khan_Zand" title="Karim Khan Zand">Karim Khan Zand</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Azad_Khan_Afghan" title="Azad Khan Afghan">Azad Khan Afghan</a> unsuccessfully revolted in Azerbaijan and later the Dumbuli Kurds of <a href="/wiki/Khoy" title="Khoy">Khoy</a> and other tribal chiefs ruled various parts of the territory. Azad Khan was defeated however by <a href="/wiki/Erekle_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Erekle II">Erekle II</a>. With the advent of the Qajars, Azerbaijan became the traditional residence of the heirs-apparent. Even until then Azerbaijan remained the main area from where the high-ranked governors would control the various territories and <a href="/wiki/Khanates_of_the_Caucasus" title="Khanates of the Caucasus">Khanates of the Caucasus</a> while the main power stayed in <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>. </p><p>Though the first <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar Iranian</a> ruler, <a href="/wiki/Agha_Mohammad_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Agha Mohammad Khan">Agha Mohammad Khan</a>, had reconquered the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> and all of Iran in several swift campaigns, such as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krtsanisi" title="Battle of Krtsanisi">harsh re-subjugation of Georgia</a> in 1795, Iran would eventually irrevocably lose all of the Caucasus region to neighbouring Imperial Russia during the course of the 19th century, which had a crucial impact on the region of modern-day Iranian Azerbaijan. Shortly after the reconquest of Georgia, Agha Mohammad Shah was assassinated while preparing a second expedition in 1797 in <a href="/wiki/Shusha" title="Shusha">Shusha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991329_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991329-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reassertion of Iranian hegemony over Georgia did not last long; in 1799 the Russians marched into <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which would mark the beginning of the end of the Iranian-ruled domains in the Caucasus, comprising modern-day <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Azerbaijan">Republic of Azerbaijan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a> thanks to the 19th century <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_Wars" title="Russo-Persian Wars">Russo-Persian Wars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.nl_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.nl-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the late 17th/early 18th century, the Russians were actively pursuing an expansionist policy towards its neighbouring empires to its south, namely the Ottoman Empire and the successive Iranian kingdoms. Agha Mohammad Khan's death and the Russian troops entering the Iranian possession of Tbilisi in 1799, led directly to the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%931813)" title="Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)">Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)</a>, the first of a number of Russo-Persian wars during the 19th century,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991329_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991329-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the most devastating and humiliating one. By the end of the war in 1813 and the resulting <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gulistan" title="Treaty of Gulistan">Treaty of Gulistan</a>, Qajar Iran was forced to cede Georgia, most of the modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan, and Dagestan to Russia. The only Caucasian territories remaining in Iranian hands were what is now <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nakhichevan_Khanate" title="Nakhichevan Khanate">Nakhichevan Khanate</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Talysh_Khanate" title="Talysh Khanate">Talysh Khanate</a>. The next war, the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)">Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)</a>, resulted in an even more humiliating defeat, with Iran being forced to cede the remaining Caucasian regions,<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.nl_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.nl-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as having Russian troops temporarily occupying Tabriz and Iranian Azerbaijan. As Iran was unwilling to allow the Russians to gain possession over its Caucasian territories in the <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a>, the millennia-old ancient ties between Iran and the Caucasus region were only severed by the superior Russian force of Russia through these 19th-century wars.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991329_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991329-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The area to the north of the river <a href="/wiki/Aras_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Aras River">Aras</a>, which included the territory of the contemporary republic of Azerbaijan, eastern Georgia, Dagestan, and Armenia, were Iranian territory until they were occupied by Russia during the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Swietochowski_Borderland_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swietochowski_Borderland-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.nl_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.nl-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through the course of the 19th century Iran lost to Russia regions<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.nl_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.nl-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which had been part Iran for centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991329_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991329-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the 19th century, the border between Iran and Russia was set more southwards, at the <a href="/wiki/Aras_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Aras River">Aras River</a>, which is currently the border between Iran and Armenia – Azerbaijan. </p><p>Subsequently, the Russians were very influential in Northern Iran including Azerbaijan (as Northern Iran fell into <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia's</a> sphere of influence for decades). After 1905, the representatives of Azerbaijan were very active in the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Constitutional_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Constitutional Revolution">Iranian Constitutional Revolution</a> as a result to this Russian influence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Contemporary_age">Contemporary age</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Russian_Invasion_of_Tabriz,_1911" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Invasion of Tabriz, 1911">Russian Invasion of Tabriz, 1911</a>; <a href="/wiki/Persian_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="Persian campaign (World War I)">Persian campaign (World War I)</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_People%27s_Government" title="Azerbaijan People's Government">Azerbaijan People's Government</a></div> <p>The Russian (Tsarist) army occupied Iranian Azerbaijan in 1909 and again in 1912–1914 and 1915–1918, followed by Ottoman forces in 1914–1915 and 1918–1919; Bolshevik forces occupied Iranian Azerbaijan and other parts of Iran in 1920–1921,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Soviet forces occupied Iranian Azerbaijan in 1941, creating a very short-lived autonomous, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_People%27s_Government" title="Azerbaijan People's Government">Soviet-supported state</a> from November 1945 to November 1946,<sup id="cite_ref-Jessup_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jessup-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was dissolved after the reunification of Iranian Azerbaijan with Iran in November of the same year. The period roughly from the last major <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)">Russo-Persian War</a> up to this date is so-called the period of high Russian influences in Iran. All of Northern Iran, including Iranian Azerbaijan, Gilan, Mazandaran, Qazvin, and many other places all the way up to Isfahan fell into the Russian sphere of influence. Russian armies were stationed in many regions of Iranian Azerbaijan, Russian schools were founded, and many Russians <a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Iran" title="Russians in Iran">settled</a> in the region, but less than in <a href="/wiki/Gilan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilan">Gilan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mazandaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazandaran">Mazandaran</a>. Also, Azerbaijan saw the large influx of the so-called <a href="/wiki/White_%C3%A9migr%C3%A9" title="White émigré">White émigrées</a> who fled to Iran following the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik revolution">Bolshevik revolution</a> in Russia. Iranian nationalism is partly the product of Azerbaijani intellectuals.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Azerbaijani provinces have played a major in the cultural and economic life of Iran in both the Pahlavi era as well as the Iranian Constitutional and Islamic revolution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Monuments">Monuments</h4></div> <p>The Iranian provinces of Azerbaijan, both West and East, possess a large number of monuments from all periods of history.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <p>Iranian Azerbaijan is generally considered the north-west portion of Iran comprising the provinces of <a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Azerbaijan-Britannica_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Azerbaijan-Britannica-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It shares borders with the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Azerbaijan">Republic of Azerbaijan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Armenia, Turkey, and Iraq. There are 17 rivers and two lakes in the region. Cotton, nuts, textiles, tea, machinery, and electrical equipment are the main industries. The northern, <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climate" title="Alpine climate">alpine</a> region, which includes <a href="/wiki/Lake_Urmia" title="Lake Urmia">Lake Urmia</a>, is mountainous, with deep valleys and fertile lowlands. </p><p>The region is bounded in the north by <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Azerbaijan">Republic of Azerbaijan</a> and in the West by <a href="/wiki/Lake_Urmia" title="Lake Urmia">Lake Urmia</a> and Kurdish-inhabited areas of Iran, and in the East by <a href="/wiki/Gilan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilan Province">Gilan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mountains">Mountains</h3></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sabalan" title="Sabalan">Sabalan</a></i> is an inactive <a href="/wiki/Stratovolcano" title="Stratovolcano">stratovolcano</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ardabil_province" title="Ardabil province">Ardabil province</a> of northwestern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. It is the third highest mountain in Iran and has a permanent <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater_lake" title="Volcanic crater lake">crater lake</a> formed at its summit. Sabalan has a <a href="/wiki/Ski_resort" title="Ski resort">ski resort</a> (Alvares) and different tourist areas such as the <a href="/wiki/Sarein" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarein">Sarein</a> spa. The mountain is known for its beautiful vistas, including the Shirvan gorge, where few climbers ever venture. Elevation of Sabalan is 4,811 m (15,784 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-peaklist_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-peaklist-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sahand" title="Sahand">Sahand</a></i> is a massive, heavily eroded <a href="/wiki/Stratovolcano" title="Stratovolcano">stratovolcano</a> in northwestern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. At 3,707 m (12,162 ft), it is the highest mountain in the Iranian province of <a href="/wiki/East_Azarbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azarbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eynali" title="Eynali">Eynali</a></i> is a small mountain range in north of <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. The range has a couple of peaks including Eynali (1,800 m or 5,910 ft), Halileh (1,850 m or 6,070 ft), Pakeh-chin (1,945 m or 6,381 ft), Bahlul (1,985 m or 6,512 ft) and the highest one Dand (2,378 m or 7,802 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mount_Bozgush" title="Mount Bozgush">Mount Bozgush</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/A%C4%9F_Da%C4%9F" title="Ağ Dağ">Ağ Dağ</a></i> is a 3,306-metre (10,846 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> volcanic mountain 20 km (10 mi) south of <a href="/wiki/Sarab,_East_Azerbaijan" title="Sarab, East Azerbaijan">Sarab</a> and north of <a href="/wiki/Meyaneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Meyaneh">Mianeh</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Azarbaijan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azarbaijan Province">East Azerbaijan Province</a>, Iran. Tulips are cultivated on the rich volcanic soil of Mount Bozgush, and medicinal herbs such as <a href="/wiki/Mentha_pulegium" title="Mentha pulegium">pennyroyal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">thyme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borage" title="Borage">borage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urtica" title="Urtica">nettle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liquorice" title="Liquorice">liquorice</a> grow wild on the mountain's slopes. Mount Bozgush is a <a href="/wiki/Stratovolcano" title="Stratovolcano">stratovolcano</a> composed mostly of <a href="/wiki/Andesite" title="Andesite">andesite</a>.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sabalan01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Sabalan"><img alt="Sabalan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sabalan01.JPG/120px-Sabalan01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sabalan01.JPG/180px-Sabalan01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sabalan01.JPG/240px-Sabalan01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sabalan" title="Sabalan">Sabalan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount-Sahand.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sahand"><img alt="Sahand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mount-Sahand.jpg/120px-Mount-Sahand.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mount-Sahand.jpg/180px-Mount-Sahand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mount-Sahand.jpg/240px-Mount-Sahand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4303" data-file-height="3225" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sahand" title="Sahand">Sahand</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eynali_picknick.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eynali"><img alt="Eynali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Eynali_picknick.jpg/120px-Eynali_picknick.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Eynali_picknick.jpg/180px-Eynali_picknick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Eynali_picknick.jpg/240px-Eynali_picknick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="1798" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eynali" title="Eynali">Eynali</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivers">Rivers</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Araz_River.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Araz_River.jpg/220px-Araz_River.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Araz_River.jpg/330px-Araz_River.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Araz_River.jpg/440px-Araz_River.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Aras River near <a href="/wiki/Jolfa,_Iran" title="Jolfa, Iran">Joulfa</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Most of the biggest rivers in Azerbaijan flow into either <a href="/wiki/Lake_Urmia" title="Lake Urmia">Urmia Lake</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> (both of which are <a href="/wiki/Endorheic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endorheic">endorheic</a>). Some of the major rivers are: </p> <ul><li>Urmia Lake basin: <a href="/wiki/Aji_Chay" title="Aji Chay">Aji Chay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quri_Chay" title="Quri Chay">Quri Chay</a>), <a href="/wiki/Zarrineh_River" title="Zarrineh River">Zarriné-Rūd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gadar_River" title="Gadar River">Gadar River</a> and many small permanent and seasonal rivers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> basin: <a href="/wiki/Ghezel_Ozan" title="Ghezel Ozan">Qizil Üzan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sefid-Rud" title="Sefid-Rud">Sefīd-Rūd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aras_(river)" title="Aras (river)">Aras River</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zangmar_River" title="Zangmar River">Zangmar River</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biosphere_reserve">Biosphere reserve</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_misty_mountains.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/The_misty_mountains.jpg/220px-The_misty_mountains.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/The_misty_mountains.jpg/330px-The_misty_mountains.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/The_misty_mountains.jpg/440px-The_misty_mountains.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1874" /></a><figcaption>Mountains of <a href="/wiki/Arasbaran" title="Arasbaran">Arasbaran</a></figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Arasb%C4%81r%C4%81n" class="mw-redirect" title="Arasbārān">Arasbārān</a></i>, in the former <a href="/wiki/Arasbaran" title="Arasbaran">Qaradagh</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> registered <a href="/wiki/World_Network_of_Biosphere_Reserves" title="World Network of Biosphere Reserves">biosphere reserve</a> (since 1976) and an Iranian <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Environment,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Environment, Iran">Dept. of Environment</a> designated "Protected Area" in <a href="/wiki/East_Azarbaijan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azarbaijan Province">East Azarbaijan Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, with a varying altitude from 256 m (840 ft) in the vicinity of the <a href="/wiki/Aras_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Aras River">Aras River</a> to 2,896 m (9,501 ft) and covers an area of 78,560 hectares (194,100 acres; 303.3 sq mi). The biosphere is also home to some 23,500 <a href="/wiki/Nomad" title="Nomad">nomads</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arasbaran is confined to <a href="/wiki/Aras_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Aras River">Aras River</a> in the north, <a href="/wiki/Meshgin_Shahr_County" title="Meshgin Shahr County">Meshgin Shahr County</a> and Moghan in the east, <a href="/wiki/Sarab_County" title="Sarab County">Sarab County</a> in the south, and <a href="/wiki/Tabriz_County" title="Tabriz County">Tabriz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marand" title="Marand">Marand</a> counties in the west. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lakes">Lakes</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urmia_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Urmia Lake">Urmia Lake</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Salt_lake" title="Salt lake">salt lake</a> near Iran's border with <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. The lake is between the provinces of <a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a>, west of the southern portion of the similarly shaped <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a>. It is the largest lake in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorabil_Lake" title="Shorabil Lake">Shorabil Lake</a> is located in a hilly area south of <a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mohaghegh_Ardabili_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohaghegh Ardabili University">Ardabil University</a> is located near the lake.<sup id="cite_ref-trip_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trip-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gori_Lake" title="Gori Lake">Gori Lake</a> is a small fresh to brackish <a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">lake</a> in the uplands of <a href="/wiki/East_Azarbaijan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azarbaijan Province">East Azerbaijan Province</a>. Together with the adjacent reed marshes it is an important breeding area for <a href="/wiki/Waterfowl" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterfowl">waterfowl</a>. A 1.2 km<sup>2</sup> (0.46 sq mi) site was designated as a <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar Convention</a> wetland protection site on 23 June 1975.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neor_Lake" title="Neor Lake">Neor Lake</a> is located in a hilly area south of the province of Ardabil, on the Ardabil–Khalkhal road.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shorabil_Lake_(night).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shorabil Lake at night"><img alt="Shorabil Lake at night" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Shorabil_Lake_%28night%29.jpg/120px-Shorabil_Lake_%28night%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Shorabil_Lake_%28night%29.jpg/180px-Shorabil_Lake_%28night%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Shorabil_Lake_%28night%29.jpg/240px-Shorabil_Lake_%28night%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Shorabil_Lake" title="Shorabil Lake">Shorabil Lake</a> at night</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marmisho_Lake_48.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Marmishu Lake in Urmia County"><img alt="Marmishu Lake in Urmia County" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Marmisho_Lake_48.JPG/90px-Marmisho_Lake_48.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Marmisho_Lake_48.JPG/135px-Marmisho_Lake_48.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Marmisho_Lake_48.JPG/180px-Marmisho_Lake_48.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Marmishu Lake in <a href="/wiki/Urmia_County" title="Urmia County">Urmia County</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NeorLake.JPEG" class="mw-file-description" title="Neor Lake on the Ardabil – Khalkhal road"><img alt="Neor Lake on the Ardabil – Khalkhal road" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/NeorLake.JPEG/120px-NeorLake.JPEG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/NeorLake.JPEG/180px-NeorLake.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/NeorLake.JPEG/240px-NeorLake.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Neor_Lake" title="Neor Lake">Neor Lake</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a> – <a href="/wiki/Khalkhal,_Ardabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalkhal, Ardabil">Khalkhal</a> road</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plain">Plain</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mugan_plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Mugan plain">Mugan plain</a> is a plain located between Iran and the southern part of the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Republic of Azerbaijan</a>. The highest density of irrigation canals is in the section of the Mugan plain which lies in the Republic of Azerbaijan. It is located on the bank of the <a href="/wiki/Aras_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Aras river">Aras river</a> extending to Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Urmia_Plain" title="Urmia Plain">Urmia Plain</a> is in the <a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan Province">West Azerbaijan Province</a>, situated on western side of Lake Urmia and the eastern side of Turkish border.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Azerbaijan">In Azerbaijan</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center;">Province </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Governor-general </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Representative of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran" title="Supreme Leader of Iran">Supreme Leader</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Easmaeil_Jabbarzadeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Easmaeil Jabbarzadeh">Easmaeil Jabbarzadeh</a></i></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Mojtahed_Shabestari" title="Mohsen Mojtahed Shabestari">Mohsen Mojtahed Shabestari</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ghorbanali_Saadat" title="Ghorbanali Saadat">Ghorbanali Saadat</a></i></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Ghoreyshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehdi Ghoreyshi">Mehdi Ghoreyshi</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ardabil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardabil Province">Ardabil Province</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Majid_Khodabakhsh" title="Majid Khodabakhsh">Majid Khodabakhsh</a></i></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Seyid_Hassan_Ameli" class="mw-redirect" title="Seyid Hassan Ameli">Hassan Ameli</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zanjan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanjan Province">Zanjan Province</a></td> <td><i>Asadollad Darvish Amiri</i></td> <td><i>Ali Khatami</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assembly_of_Experts">Assembly of Experts</h3></div> <p>Of the 86 members of <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Experts" title="Assembly of Experts">Assembly of Experts</a>, 11 are representative of the Azerbaijan region. <a href="/wiki/Ali_Meshkini" title="Ali Meshkini">Ali Meshkini</a> from <a href="/wiki/Meshgin_Shahr" class="mw-redirect" title="Meshgin Shahr">Meshgin Shahr</a><sup id="cite_ref-zamaneh-death_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zamaneh-death-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Ardabil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardabil Province">Ardabil Province</a> was <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chairmen_of_the_Assembly_of_Experts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chairmen of the Assembly of Experts">Chairmen of the Assembly of Experts</a> since 1983 to 2007. </p> <ul><li>5 representative of East Azerbaijan.</li> <li>3 representative of West Azerbaijan.</li> <li>2 representative of Ardabil Province.</li> <li>1 representative of Zanjan Province.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center;">Name </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Province </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hashem_Hashemzadeh_Herisi" title="Hashem Hashemzadeh Herisi">Hashem Hashemzadeh Herisi</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Mojtahed_Shabestari" title="Mohsen Mojtahed Shabestari">Mohsen Mojtahed Shabestari</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Feyzi" title="Mohammad Feyzi">Mohammad Feyzi</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Taghi_Pourmohammadi" title="Mohammad Taghi Pourmohammadi">Mohammad Taghi Pourmohammadi</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ali_Malakouti" title="Ali Malakouti">Ali Malakouti</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asghar_Dirbaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Asghar Dirbaz">Asghar Dirbaz</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ali_Akbar_Ghoreyshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Akbar Ghoreyshi">Ali Akbar Ghoreyshi</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Javad_Mojtahed_Shabestari" title="Javad Mojtahed Shabestari">Javad Mojtahed Shabestari</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Ameli" title="Hassan Ameli">Hassan Ameli</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ardabil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardabil Province">Ardabil Province</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fakhraddin_Mousavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakhraddin Mousavi">Fakhraddin Mousavi</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ardabil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardabil Province">Ardabil Province</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mohammad Reza Doulabi</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Zanjan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanjan Province">Zanjan Province</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_Consultative_Assembly"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Consultative_Assembly" title="Islamic Consultative Assembly">Islamic Consultative Assembly</a></h3></div> <p>Of the 290 members of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Consultative_Assembly" title="Islamic Consultative Assembly">Islamic Consultative Assembly</a>, 44 are representative of Azerbaijan region. in the Azerbaijan region 40/44 Azerbaijani are in parliament the members of the <a href="/wiki/Fraction_of_Turkic_regions" title="Fraction of Turkic regions">Fraction of Turkic regions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/electorate" class="extiw" title="wikt:electorate">Electorate</a> According to <a href="/wiki/County" title="County">County</a></dt> <dd><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 10em;"> <dl><dt><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Azerbaijan_(electoral_district)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Azerbaijan (electoral district) (page does not exist)">Electoral district of East Azerbaijan</a></dt> <dd><i>19</i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Tabriz,_Osku_and_Azarshahr_(electoral_district)" title="Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr (electoral district)">Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr</a></dt> <dd><i>6</i><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_politician-i"><a href="#endnote_politician-i">i</a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Mianeh_(electoral_district)" title="Mianeh (electoral district)">Mianeh</a></dt> <dd><i>2</i> <sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_politician-n"><a href="#endnote_politician-n">n</a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Kaleybar,_Khoda_Afarin_and_Hurand_(electoral_district)" title="Kaleybar, Khoda Afarin and Hurand (electoral district)">Kaleybar, Khoda Afarin</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliollah_Golizadeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goliollah Golizadeh (page does not exist)">1</a></i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Marand_and_Jolfa_(electoral_district)" title="Marand and Jolfa (electoral district)">Marand and Jolfa</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hassannejad" title="Mohammad Hassannejad">1</a></i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Sarab_(electoral_district)" title="Sarab (electoral district)">Sarab</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yusef_Davudi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yusef Davudi (page does not exist)">1</a></i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Bostanabad_(electoral_district)" title="Bostanabad (electoral district)">Bostanabad</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Vahdati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad Vahdati (page does not exist)">1</a></i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Maragheh_and_Ajabshir_(electoral_district)" title="Maragheh and Ajabshir (electoral district)">Maragheh and Ajabshir</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Mohammadali_Hosseinzadeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammadali Hosseinzadeh">1</a></i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Hashtrud_and_Charuymaq_(electoral_district)" title="Hashtrud and Charuymaq (electoral district)">Hashtrud and Charuymaq</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamzeh_Amini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamzeh Amini (page does not exist)">1</a></i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Bonab_(electoral_district)" title="Bonab (electoral district)">Bonab</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Zia-Allah_Ezazi_Maleki" title="Zia-Allah Ezazi Maleki">1</a></i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Varzaqan_(electoral_district)" title="Varzaqan (electoral district)">Varzaqan</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reza_Alizadeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reza Alizadeh (page does not exist)">1</a></i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Ahar_and_Heris_(electoral_district)" title="Ahar and Heris (electoral district)">Ahar and Heris</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Beytollah_Abdollahi" title="Beytollah Abdollahi">1</a></i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Shabestar_(electoral_district)" title="Shabestar (electoral district)">Shabestar</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masoumeh_Aghapour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masoumeh Aghapour (page does not exist)">1</a></i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Malekan_(electoral_district)" title="Malekan (electoral district)">Malekan</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Salman_Khodadadi" title="Salman Khodadadi">1</a></i></dd></dl> </div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 10em;"> <dl><dt><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Azerbaijan_(electoral_district)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Azerbaijan (electoral district) (page does not exist)">Electoral district of West Azerbaijan</a></dt> <dd><i>12</i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Urmia_(electoral_district)" title="Urmia (electoral district)">Urmia</a></dt> <dd><i>3</i><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_politician-j"><a href="#endnote_politician-j">j</a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Miandoab,_Shahin_Dezh_and_Takab_(electoral_district)" title="Miandoab, Shahin Dezh and Takab (electoral district)">Miandoab, Shahin Dezh, Takab</a></dt> <dd><i>2</i> <sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_politician-o"><a href="#endnote_politician-o">o</a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Khoy_and_Chaypareh_(electoral_district)" title="Khoy and Chaypareh (electoral district)">Khoy, Chaypareh</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taghi_Kabiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taghi Kabiri (page does not exist)">1</a></i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Mahabad_(electoral_district)" title="Mahabad (electoral district)">Mahabad</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalal_Mahmoudzadeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalal Mahmoudzadeh (page does not exist)">1</a></i> <small>(Kurd)</small></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Bukan_(electoral_district)" title="Bukan (electoral district)">Bukan</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Qasim_Osmani" title="Mohammad Qasim Osmani">1</a></i> <small>(Kurd)</small></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Maku,_Chaldoran,_Poldasht_and_Showt_(electoral_district)" title="Maku, Chaldoran, Poldasht and Showt (electoral district)">Maku, Poldasht, Showt, Chaldoran</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eynollah_Sharifpour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eynollah Sharifpour (page does not exist)">1</a></i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Naqadeh_and_Oshnavieh_(electoral_district)" title="Naqadeh and Oshnavieh (electoral district)">Nagadeh, Oshnavieh</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdolkarim_Hoseinzadeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdolkarim Hoseinzadeh (page does not exist)">1</a></i> <small>(Kurd)</small></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Salmas_(electoral_district)" title="Salmas (electoral district)">Salmas</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahruz_Barzegar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahruz Barzegar (page does not exist)">1</a></i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Piranshahr_and_Sardasht_(electoral_district)" title="Piranshahr and Sardasht (electoral district)">Piranshahr, Sardasht</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rasoul_Khezri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rasoul Khezri (page does not exist)">1</a></i> <small>(Kurd)</small></dd></dl> </div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 10em;"> <dl><dt><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ardabil_(electoral_district)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ardabil (electoral district) (page does not exist)">Electoral district of Ardabil Province</a></dt> <dd><i>7</i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Ardabil,_Nir,_Namin_and_Sareyn_(electoral_district)" title="Ardabil, Nir, Namin and Sareyn (electoral district)">Ardabil, Nir, Namin and Sareyn</a></dt> <dd><i>3</i><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_politician-k"><a href="#endnote_politician-k">k</a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Germi_(electoral_district)" title="Germi (electoral district)">Germi</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Hemayat_Mirzadeh" title="Hemayat Mirzadeh">1</a></i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Meshginshahr_(electoral_district)" title="Meshginshahr (electoral district)">Meshginshahr</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Vali_Maleki" title="Vali Maleki">1</a></i></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Khalkhal_and_Kowsar_(electoral_district)" title="Khalkhal and Kowsar (electoral district)">Khalkhal and Kowsar</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Bashir_Khaleghi" title="Bashir Khaleghi">1</a></i></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Parsabad_and_Bilesavar_(electoral_district)" title="Parsabad and Bilesavar (electoral district)">Parsabad and Bilesavar</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shakur_Pourhossein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shakur Pourhossein (page does not exist)">1</a></i></dd></dl> </div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 10em;"> <dl><dt><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanjan_(electoral_district)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanjan (electoral district) (page does not exist)">Electoral district of Zanjan Province</a></dt> <dd><i>5</i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Zanjan_and_Tarom_(electoral_district)" title="Zanjan and Tarom (electoral district)">Zanjan, Tarom</a></dt> <dd><i>2</i><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_politician-m"><a href="#endnote_politician-m">m</a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Abhar_and_Khorramdarreh_(electoral_district)" title="Abhar and Khorramdarreh (electoral district)">Abhar, Khorramdarreh</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Azizi_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad Azizi (politician) (page does not exist)">1</a></i></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Khodabandeh_(electoral_district)" title="Khodabandeh (electoral district)">Khodabandeh</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Bighdeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Bighdeli (page does not exist)">1</a></i></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Mahneshan_and_Ijrud_(electoral_district)" title="Mahneshan and Ijrud (electoral district)">Ijrud, Mahneshan</a></dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morteza_Khatami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morteza Khatami (page does not exist)">1</a></dd></dl> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cabinet_of_Iran"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Iran" title="Cabinet of Iran">Cabinet of Iran</a></h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammadreza_Nematzadeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammadreza Nematzadeh">Mohammadreza Nematzadeh</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Industries_and_Business_(Iran)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Industries and Business (Iran)">Minister of Industries and Business</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Chitchian" title="Hamid Chitchian">Hamid Chitchian</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_(Iran)" title="Ministry of Energy (Iran)">Minister of Energy</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahindokht_Molaverdi" title="Shahindokht Molaverdi">Shahindokht Molaverdi</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice President of Iran">vice president of Iran</a> the section <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice President of Iran">Women and Family Affairs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consulate">Consulate</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:left; width:130px;">Country </th> <th style="text-align:left; width:320px;">Name </th> <th style="text-align:left; width:070px;">City </th> <th style="text-align:left; width:100px;">Province </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td><i>Turkish Consulate in Tabriz</i><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Turkish Consulate in Urmia</i><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></td> <td><i>Republic of Azerbaijan Consulate in Tabriz</i><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> <p>Several <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Army">Iranian Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Sepah</a> divisions and brigades are based in Azerbaijan, including: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center;">Type </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Name </th> <th style="text-align:center;">City </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Province </th></tr> <tr> <td>Operational Headquarter of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Army">Army</a> in North-West</td> <td><i>Northwestern Operational Headquarter of Ground Forces of Islamic Republic of Iran Army</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">Division (military)</a> of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Army">Army</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/64th_Infantry_Division_of_Urmia" title="64th Infantry Division of Urmia">64th Infantry Division of Urmia</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">Division (military)</a> of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Army">Army</a></td> <td><i>21st Infantry Division of Azerbaijan</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Logistic Headquarter of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Army">Army</a></td> <td><i>Maraqeh District 4 Headquarter</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maragheh" title="Maragheh">Maragheh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">Brigade</a> of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Army">Army</a></td> <td><i>40th Infantry Separate Brigade of Sarab</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sarab,_East_Azerbaijan" title="Sarab, East Azerbaijan">Sarab</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ardabil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardabil Province">Ardabil Province</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">Brigade</a> of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Army">Army</a></td> <td><i>41st Infantry Separate Brigade of Qushchi</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Separate Brigade of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Army">Army</a></td> <td><i>36th Armored Separate Brigade of Mianeh</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mianeh_(Iran)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mianeh (Iran)">Mianeh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Army Training Centre of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Army">Army</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/03_Ajabshir_Recruit_Training_Centre" title="03 Ajabshir Recruit Training Centre">03 Ajabshir Recruit Training Centre</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ajab_Shir" title="Ajab Shir">Ajab Shir</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Military_airbase" class="mw-redirect" title="Military airbase">Military airbase</a> of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army_Aviation" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Army Aviation">Islamic Republic of Iran Army Aviation</a></td> <td><i>Havanirooz Tabriz Base</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Military_airbase" class="mw-redirect" title="Military airbase">Military airbase</a> of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Air_Force" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force">Air force</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Tabriz_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabriz Air Base">Tactical Air Base 2</a></i>, or <i>Paygah Dovvom-e Shekari</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Government_agency" title="Government agency">Agency</a> of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Navy" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Navy">Navy</a></td> <td><i>Navy Office of Tabriz</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Provincial Corps</td> <td><i>Ardabil Hazrat Abbas <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Provincial Corps</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ardabil_province" title="Ardabil province">Ardabil province</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Provincial Corps</td> <td><i>West Azerbaijan Shohada <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Provincial Corps</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Provincial Corps</td> <td><i>East Azerbaijan Ashura <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Provincial Corps</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Provincial Corps</td> <td><i>Zanjan Ansar al-Mahdi <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Provincial Corps</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zanjan,_Iran" title="Zanjan, Iran">Zanjan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zanjan_province" title="Zanjan province">Zanjan province</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Industry-Iran-map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Industry-Iran-map.jpg/220px-Industry-Iran-map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Industry-Iran-map.jpg/330px-Industry-Iran-map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Industry-Iran-map.jpg/440px-Industry-Iran-map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Industry and mining of Iranian Azerbaijan in North-west</figcaption></figure> <p>The economy in Iranian Azerbaijan is based on Heavy industries, food industries, agriculture, and handicraft. The biggest economic hub is Tabriz which contains the majority of heavy industries and food industries. Iranian Azerbaijan has two free trade zones designated to promote international trade: <a href="/wiki/Aras_Free_Zone" title="Aras Free Zone">Aras Free Zone</a> and Maku Free Zone. The agriculture industry in Iranian Azerbaijan is relatively better than many other parts of the country because of comparatively higher precipitation. Handicrafts are mostly a seasonal industry mostly in rural areas during wintertime when the agriculture season is finished. There are 500 important production and industrial unit in this area.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in October 2016, 500 Regional economic giant was introduced in 5 areas and 19 groups.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free_trade_zones_and_exhibition_centers">Free trade zones and exhibition centers</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabriz_International_Exhibition_Center" title="Tabriz International Exhibition Center">Tabriz International Exhibition Center</a>: which is a complex with vast exhibition infrastructures, is located in the eastern part of <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>. It holds over forty commerce exhibitions on a yearly schedule. The most famous fair is TEXPO, which is a general trade fair.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aras_Free_Zone" title="Aras Free Zone">Aras Free Zone</a>: is situated in <a href="/wiki/East_Azarbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azarbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> province, in the north-west of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> and the Republic of <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iran-daily_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iran-daily-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Existence of the <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse" title="Greenhouse">greenhouse</a> town in the AFTZ, which has been built upon cooperation of Agricultural Jihad Ministry, has paved the ground for presence of investors in the arena of planting <a href="/wiki/Hydroponic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroponic">hydroponic</a> products.<sup id="cite_ref-iran-daily_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iran-daily-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 500-megawatt combined cycle <a href="/wiki/Power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Power plant">power plant</a> project which is currently underway in AFTZ as a joint investment venture with foreign parties.<sup id="cite_ref-iran-daily_76-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iran-daily-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Maku Free Zone: is situated in <a href="/wiki/West_Azarbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azarbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a> province, in the north-west of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heavy_industries">Heavy industries</h3></div> <p>Industries include machine tools, vehicle factories, oil refineries, petrochemical complexes, food processing, cement, textiles, electric equipment, and sugar milling. Oil and gas pipelines run through the region. Wool, carpets, and metalware are also produced. In some factories and major companies in Azerbaijan include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Tractor_Manufacturing_Company" title="Iran Tractor Manufacturing Company">Iran Tractor Manufacturing Company</a> (ITMCO), a producer of <a href="/wiki/Tractor" title="Tractor">tractor</a>, diesel engines, and other auto parts, and provider of industrial services with its headquarter and main site in <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ws_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ws-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>ITMCO</i> has manufacturing sites in several countries and it exports different products to ten countries.<sup id="cite_ref-ws_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ws-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company is <a href="/wiki/ISO_9001" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 9001">ISO 9001</a> audited, and has received several awards of quality and exporting.<sup id="cite_ref-ws_77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ws-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>ITMCO</i> is listed as one of Iran's 100 fortune brands.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldstone_Tires" title="Goldstone Tires">Goldstone Tires</a>, operating under the <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brand</a> Goldstone Tires is an Iranian manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">tire</a> for automobiles, commercial trucks, light trucks, SUVs, race cars, airplanes, and heavy earth-mover machinery in <a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a>. Artawheel Tire is currently the largest non-government owned tire manufacturer in Iran by market share.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company currently has agreements with <a href="/wiki/Iran_Khodro_Tabriz" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran Khodro Tabriz">Iran Khodro Tabriz</a> to develop tires for the <a href="/wiki/Peugeot_206" title="Peugeot 206">Peugeot 206</a> models.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_Sazi_Tabriz" title="Machine Sazi Tabriz">Mashin Sazi Tabriz</a> (MST) is a manufacturer of industrial machinery and tools in <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>. The major products of the factory are turning machines, milling machines, drilling machines, grinding machines, and tools.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakhsh_Khodro_Diesel" title="Rakhsh Khodro Diesel">Rakhsh Khodro Diesel</a> is an Iranian <a href="/wiki/Truck" title="Truck">truck</a> manufacturer established in 2005 and located in <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>. This company is a strategic partner of <a href="/wiki/Kamaz" title="Kamaz">Kamaz</a> of Russia, <a href="/wiki/Anhui_Jianghuai_Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Anhui Jianghuai Automobile">JAC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jinbei_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinbei (car)">Jinbei</a> of China and <a href="/wiki/Maz-Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Maz-Man">Maz-Man</a> of Belarus, and produces Kamaz trucks, JAC light trucks, and its own designed minibus. Its headquarters is in <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azar_Motor_Industrial_Co" title="Azar Motor Industrial Co">Amico</a> is an Iranian truck manufacturer established in 1989 and located in Jolfa near Tabriz. This company produces light and heavy diesel vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Khodro" title="Iran Khodro">Iran Khodro Tabriz</a>, whose headquarters is in Tehran, is the leading Iranian vehicle manufacturer; it has the country's largest car factory in Tehran and five other vehicle factories. The company's original name was "Iran National".<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until 2014, Iran Khodro Tabriz had a capacity of 520,000 vehicles,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> building 150 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samand_Arisan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samand Arisan (page does not exist)">Samand Arisan</a> cars per day instead of the Bardo Pick-up Paykan.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site also produces 100 <a href="/wiki/IKCO_Samand" title="IKCO Samand">IKCO Samands</a> per day.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Other major petrochemical companies, oil refineries and industries include Machine works Company of Tabriz, Iranian Diesel Engine Manufacturing (IDEM), Tabriz Oil Refinery, Tabriz Petrochemical, and Copper Mine Songon.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rugs_and_carpets">Rugs and carpets</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/The_Ardabil_Carpet" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ardabil Carpet">The Ardabil Carpet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tabriz_rug" title="Tabriz rug">Tabriz rug</a> the best kind of <a href="/wiki/Iranian_carpet" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian carpet">Iranian carpet</a>. Now 40 percent of <a href="/wiki/Iranian_carpet" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian carpet">Iranian carpet</a> exports are carried through <a href="/wiki/East_Azarbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azarbaijan">East Azarbaijan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Azerbaijani carpets and rugs are important: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabriz_rug" title="Tabriz rug">Tabriz rug</a> is a type in the general category of <a href="/wiki/Iranian_carpet" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian carpet">Iranian carpets</a><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the city of <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heriz_rug" title="Heriz rug">Heriz rug</a> are <a href="/wiki/Persian_rugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian rugs">Persian rugs</a> from the area of <a href="/wiki/Heris,_East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Heris, East Azerbaijan">Heris, East Azerbaijan</a>, northeast of <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>. Such rugs are produced in the village of the same name in the slopes of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sabalan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Sabalan">Mount Sabalan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardabil_rug" title="Ardabil rug">Ardabil rug</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ardabil_carpet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardabil carpet">Ardabil carpet</a> originate from <a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a>. Ardabil has a long and illustrious history of Azerbaijani carpet weaving. The reign of the Safavid dynasty in the 16th and 17th centuries represented the peak of Azerbaijani carpet making in the region.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karadagh_rug" title="Karadagh rug">Karadagh rug</a> or Karaja rug is handmade in or near the village of Qarājeh (Karaja), in the Qareh Dāgh (<a href="/wiki/Arasbaran" title="Arasbaran">Karadagh</a>) region just south of the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> border, northeast of Tabrīz. The best-known pattern shows three geometric medallions that are somewhat similar to those in Caucasian carpets. The central one has a latch-hooked contour and differs in colour from the others, which are eight-pointed stars.<sup id="cite_ref-Karadagh_rug_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karadagh_rug-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ardabil_Carpet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Ardabil Carpet"><img alt="The Ardabil Carpet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ardabil_Carpet.jpg/62px-Ardabil_Carpet.jpg" decoding="async" width="62" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ardabil_Carpet.jpg/93px-Ardabil_Carpet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ardabil_Carpet.jpg/124px-Ardabil_Carpet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="2411" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/The_Ardabil_Carpet" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ardabil Carpet">The Ardabil Carpet</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Farsh_tabriz.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tabriz rug"><img alt="Tabriz rug" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Farsh_tabriz.JPG/120px-Farsh_tabriz.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Farsh_tabriz.JPG/180px-Farsh_tabriz.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Farsh_tabriz.JPG/240px-Farsh_tabriz.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2046" data-file-height="1458" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tabriz_rug" title="Tabriz rug">Tabriz rug</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heriz_Azeri_carpet_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heriz rug"><img alt="Heriz rug" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Heriz_Azeri_carpet_002.jpg/86px-Heriz_Azeri_carpet_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Heriz_Azeri_carpet_002.jpg/129px-Heriz_Azeri_carpet_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Heriz_Azeri_carpet_002.jpg/172px-Heriz_Azeri_carpet_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="788" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Heriz_rug" title="Heriz rug">Heriz rug</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karaja_1103L4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karadagh rug"><img alt="Karadagh rug" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Karaja_1103L4.jpg/101px-Karaja_1103L4.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Karaja_1103L4.jpg/152px-Karaja_1103L4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Karaja_1103L4.jpg/202px-Karaja_1103L4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="525" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Karadagh_rug" title="Karadagh rug">Karadagh rug</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food_industries">Food industries</h3></div> <p>More than fifty percent of entire Iranian food exports are carried from Iranian Azerbaijan.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major hub for the food industry in the region is Tabriz which includes the <a href="/wiki/Shirin_Asal" class="mw-redirect" title="Shirin Asal">Shirin Asal</a>, Aydin, Shoniz, Anata, Baraka and Chichak manufacturers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Outside of Tabriz Minoo Industrial Group in <a href="/wiki/Khorramdarreh" title="Khorramdarreh">Khorramdarreh</a> is another nationally recognized food manufacturer.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3></div> <p>The principle crops of the region are grains, fruits, cotton, rice, nuts, and tobacco. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People">People</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azerbaijanis</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="List of Iranian Azerbaijanis">List of Iranian Azerbaijanis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Iran" title="Demographics of Iran">Demographics of Iran</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Iran" title="Ethnic minorities in Iran">Ethnic minorities in Iran</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azerbaijanis</a>, are a <a href="/wiki/Turkic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkic people">Turkic</a>-<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">speaking</a> people, of which are largely of Iranian origin.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They number between 16 and 24 percent<sup id="cite_ref-Minority_Rights_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minority_Rights-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-New_America_Foundation_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_America_Foundation-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CIA_World_Factbook_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and between 15 and 16 million<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica-Iran_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-Iran-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue-Azb_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-Azb-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica-Azerbaijani_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-Azerbaijani-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Iran" title="Demographics of Iran">Iran's population</a>, and comprise by far the second-largest ethnic group in the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaffer_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaffer-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Azerbaijan region, the population consists mainly of <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azeris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Azerbaijan-Britannica_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Azerbaijan-Britannica-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Azeris are the largest group in Iranian Azerbaijan, while Kurds are the second largest group and a majority in many cities of <a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan Province">West Azerbaijan Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iranian Azerbaijan is one of the richest and most densely populated regions of Iran. Many of these various linguistic, religious, and tribal minority groups, and Azeris themselves have settled widely outside the region.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority Azeris are followers of <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a">Shi'a</a> Islam. The Iranian Azeris mainly reside in the northwest provinces, including the Iranian Azerbaijan provinces (<a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan Province">East Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan Province">West Azerbaijan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ardabil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardabil Province">Ardabil</a>), <a href="/wiki/Zanjan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanjan Province">Zanjan</a>, as well as regions of the North<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to <a href="/wiki/Hamadan_County" title="Hamadan County">Hamadan County</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hamadan-Governor_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamadan-Governor-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Shara_District" title="Shara District">Shara District</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hamadan-Governor_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamadan-Governor-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the East <a href="/wiki/Hamadan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamadan Province">Hamadan Province</a>, some regions <a href="/wiki/Qazvin_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Qazvin Province">Qazvin Province</a><sup id="cite_ref-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iran-Azerbaijanis_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iran-Azerbaijanis-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also Azerbaijani minorities living in <a href="/wiki/Markazi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Markazi Province">Markazi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kordestan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kordestan Province">Kordestan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gilan_province" title="Gilan province">Gilan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Kermanshah_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kermanshah Province">Kermanshah</a>.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Songor"><a href="#endnote_Songor">h</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smaller groups, such as <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tat_people_(Iran)" title="Tat people (Iran)">Tats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talysh_people" title="Talysh people">Talyshs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Jews">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">Circassians</a>, (and other <a href="/wiki/Peoples_of_the_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoples of the Caucasus">Peoples of the Caucasus</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persians</a> also inhabit the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <p>The majority of <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a> in Azerbaijan are followers of <a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelver Shia">Twelver Shia</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Azerbaijanis commemorate Shia holy days (ten first days of the holy month of <a href="/wiki/Muharram" title="Muharram">Muharram</a>) minority Sunni Azerbaijani Turks (<a href="/wiki/Shafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi">Shafi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a>) who live in the <a href="/wiki/Ardabil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardabil Province">Ardabil Province</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hashatjin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashatjin">Hashatjin</a><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and villages of <a href="/wiki/Bileh_Savar_County" title="Bileh Savar County">Bileh Savar County</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/West_Azarbaijan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azarbaijan province">West Azerbaijan province</a> (near the cities of <a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khoy" title="Khoy">Khoy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salmas" title="Salmas">Salmas</a>) and have population about 200,000 people in this area.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ardabil_-_Aligapi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Muharram in Ardabil"><img alt="Muharram in Ardabil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ardabil_-_Aligapi.jpg/120px-Ardabil_-_Aligapi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ardabil_-_Aligapi.jpg/180px-Ardabil_-_Aligapi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ardabil_-_Aligapi.jpg/240px-Ardabil_-_Aligapi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Muharram" title="Muharram">Muharram</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_Mosque_of_Tabriz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Blue Mosque in Tabriz"><img alt="Blue Mosque in Tabriz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Blue_Mosque_of_Tabriz.jpg/79px-Blue_Mosque_of_Tabriz.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Blue_Mosque_of_Tabriz.jpg/119px-Blue_Mosque_of_Tabriz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Blue_Mosque_of_Tabriz.jpg/159px-Blue_Mosque_of_Tabriz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mosque,_Tabriz" title="Blue Mosque, Tabriz">Blue Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jame_mosque-Urmia_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Jameh Mosque of Urmia"><img alt="Jameh Mosque of Urmia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Jame_mosque-Urmia_%282%29.JPG/120px-Jame_mosque-Urmia_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Jame_mosque-Urmia_%282%29.JPG/180px-Jame_mosque-Urmia_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Jame_mosque-Urmia_%282%29.JPG/240px-Jame_mosque-Urmia_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="810" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jameh_Mosque_of_Urmia" title="Jameh Mosque of Urmia">Jameh Mosque of Urmia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jemeh_mosque_Zanjan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jameh Mosque of Zanjan"><img alt="Jameh Mosque of Zanjan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Jemeh_mosque_Zanjan.jpg/120px-Jemeh_mosque_Zanjan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Jemeh_mosque_Zanjan.jpg/180px-Jemeh_mosque_Zanjan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Jemeh_mosque_Zanjan.jpg/240px-Jemeh_mosque_Zanjan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jameh_Mosque_of_Zanjan" title="Jameh Mosque of Zanjan">Jameh Mosque of Zanjan</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3></div> <p>Azerbaijani people mostly live in northwest parts of Iran, but large Azerbaijani populations can be found in <a href="/wiki/Khorasan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorasan Province">Khorasan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Emigration_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emigration-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mostly in <a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <a href="/wiki/Central_Iran" title="Central Iran">central Iran</a>, due to <a href="/wiki/Internal_migration" title="Internal migration">internal migration</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Emigration_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emigration-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Karaj" title="Karaj">Karaj</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Iran-Azerbaijanis_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iran-Azerbaijanis-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Qum" class="mw-redirect" title="Qum">Qum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Emigration_116-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emigration-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Where they have settled, they have become prominent – not only among urban and industrial working classes – but also in commercial, administrative, political, religious, and intellectual circles.<sup id="cite_ref-Emigration_116-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emigration-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Azerbaijanis make up 25%–33%<sup id="cite_ref-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iran-Azerbaijanis_106-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iran-Azerbaijanis-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran Province">Tehran Province</a>'s population. They are the largest ethnic groups after <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persians</a> in Tehran and the Tehran Province.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The governor of Tehran is <a href="/wiki/Hossein_Hashemi" title="Hossein Hashemi">Hossein Hashemi</a><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from <a href="/wiki/Sarab,_East_Azerbaijan" title="Sarab, East Azerbaijan">Sarab</a>; he was born in East Azerbaijan;<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran" title="Supreme Leader of Iran">Supreme Leader of Iran</a>, was born in <a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a> and is of <a href="/wiki/Azeris" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeris">Azeri</a> origin.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The journals <i><a href="/wiki/Varliq" class="mw-redirect" title="Varliq">Varliq</a></i> and <i>Azari</i> are printed by the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijani people</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iranian_Azerbaijan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Iranian_Azerbaijan.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="185" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="185" /></a><figcaption>Four provinces of Iranian Azerbaijan</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_population_by_urban_area" title="Azerbaijani population by urban area">Azerbaijani population by urban area</a></div> <p>According to the population census of 2012, the four provinces of <a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> (2012 pop. 3,724,620), <a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a> (2012 pop. 3,080,576), <a href="/wiki/Zanjan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanjan Province">Zanjan</a> (2012 pop. 1,015,734), and <a href="/wiki/Ardabil_province" title="Ardabil province">Ardabil</a> (2012 pop. 1,248,488) have a combined population of 9 million people.<sup id="cite_ref-The_population_of_Iranian_cities_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_population_of_Iranian_cities-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> <p>Azerbaijan's major cities are <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a><sup id="cite_ref-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis_105-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iran-Azerbaijanis_106-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iran-Azerbaijanis-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the capital of <a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a>), <a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis_105-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iran-Azerbaijanis_106-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iran-Azerbaijanis-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the capital of <a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a>), <a href="/wiki/Zanjan,_Iran" title="Zanjan, Iran">Zanjan</a><sup id="cite_ref-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis_105-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iran-Azerbaijanis_106-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iran-Azerbaijanis-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the capital of <a href="/wiki/Zanjan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanjan Province">Zanjan Province</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a><sup id="cite_ref-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis_105-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iran-Azerbaijanis_106-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iran-Azerbaijanis-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the capital of <a href="/wiki/Ardabil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardabil Province">Ardabil Province</a>) and Major cities non-capital of Province's Azerbaijan are <a href="/wiki/Khoy" title="Khoy">Khoy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maragheh" title="Maragheh">Maragheh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis_105-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iran-Azerbaijanis_106-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iran-Azerbaijanis-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center;">Rank </th> <th style="text-align:center;">City </th> <th style="text-align:center;">County </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Province </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Population<br />(2016) </th> <th style="text-align:center;" class="unsortable">Image </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabriz_County" title="Tabriz County">Tabriz County</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7006155869300000000♠">1,558,693</span><sup id="cite_ref-The_population_of_Iranian_cities_124-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_population_of_Iranian_cities-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elg%C3%B6l%C3%BC_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Elg%C3%B6l%C3%BC_front.jpg/160px-Elg%C3%B6l%C3%BC_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Elg%C3%B6l%C3%BC_front.jpg/240px-Elg%C3%B6l%C3%BC_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Elg%C3%B6l%C3%BC_front.jpg/320px-Elg%C3%B6l%C3%BC_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="2832" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urmia_County" title="Urmia County">Urmia County</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005736224000000000♠">736,224</span><sup id="cite_ref-The_population_of_Iranian_cities_124-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_population_of_Iranian_cities-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3_Gonbad_photo_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/3_Gonbad_photo_2.jpg/160px-3_Gonbad_photo_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/3_Gonbad_photo_2.jpg/240px-3_Gonbad_photo_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/3_Gonbad_photo_2.jpg/320px-3_Gonbad_photo_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4283" data-file-height="3212" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ardabil_County" title="Ardabil County">Ardabil County</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ardabil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardabil Province">Ardabil Province</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005529374000000000♠">529,374</span><sup id="cite_ref-The_population_of_Iranian_cities_124-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_population_of_Iranian_cities-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheikh-safi_tomb.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sheikh-safi_tomb.JPG/160px-Sheikh-safi_tomb.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sheikh-safi_tomb.JPG/240px-Sheikh-safi_tomb.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sheikh-safi_tomb.JPG/320px-Sheikh-safi_tomb.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1152" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Zanjan,_Iran" title="Zanjan, Iran">Zanjan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zanjan_County" title="Zanjan County">Zanjan County</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zanjan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanjan Province">Zanjan Province</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005486495000000000♠">486,495</span><sup id="cite_ref-The_population_of_Iranian_cities_124-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_population_of_Iranian_cities-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jemeh_mosque_Zanjan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Jemeh_mosque_Zanjan.jpg/160px-Jemeh_mosque_Zanjan.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Jemeh_mosque_Zanjan.jpg/240px-Jemeh_mosque_Zanjan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Jemeh_mosque_Zanjan.jpg/320px-Jemeh_mosque_Zanjan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Khoy" title="Khoy">Khoy</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khoy_County" title="Khoy County">Khoy County</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005198845000000000♠">198,845</span><sup id="cite_ref-The_population_of_Iranian_cities_124-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_population_of_Iranian_cities-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stone_gate_of_Khoy.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Stone_gate_of_Khoy.JPG/160px-Stone_gate_of_Khoy.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Stone_gate_of_Khoy.JPG/240px-Stone_gate_of_Khoy.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Stone_gate_of_Khoy.JPG/320px-Stone_gate_of_Khoy.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="864" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Maragheh" title="Maragheh">Maragheh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maragheh_County" title="Maragheh County">Maragheh County</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005175255000000000♠">175,255</span><sup id="cite_ref-The_population_of_Iranian_cities_124-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_population_of_Iranian_cities-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Awhadi%27s_Tomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Awhadi%27s_Tomb.jpg/160px-Awhadi%27s_Tomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Awhadi%27s_Tomb.jpg/240px-Awhadi%27s_Tomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Awhadi%27s_Tomb.jpg/320px-Awhadi%27s_Tomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4165" data-file-height="2821" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Miandoab" title="Miandoab">Miandoab</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Miandoab_County" title="Miandoab County">Miandoab County</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005134425000000000♠">134,425</span><sup id="cite_ref-The_population_of_Iranian_cities_124-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_population_of_Iranian_cities-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miandoab_historic_bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Miandoab_historic_bridge.jpg/160px-Miandoab_historic_bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Miandoab_historic_bridge.jpg/240px-Miandoab_historic_bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Miandoab_historic_bridge.jpg/320px-Miandoab_historic_bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>8 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Marand" title="Marand">Marand</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marand_County" title="Marand County">Marand County</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005130825000000000♠">130,825</span><sup id="cite_ref-The_population_of_Iranian_cities_124-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_population_of_Iranian_cities-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shah_Abbasi_caravanserai_of_Marand.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Shah_Abbasi_caravanserai_of_Marand.JPG/160px-Shah_Abbasi_caravanserai_of_Marand.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Shah_Abbasi_caravanserai_of_Marand.JPG/240px-Shah_Abbasi_caravanserai_of_Marand.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Shah_Abbasi_caravanserai_of_Marand.JPG/320px-Shah_Abbasi_caravanserai_of_Marand.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="864" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>9 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahar" title="Ahar">Ahar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahar_County" title="Ahar County">Ahar County</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005100641000000000♠">100,641</span><sup id="cite_ref-The_population_of_Iranian_cities_124-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_population_of_Iranian_cities-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA.jpg/160px-%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA.jpg/240px-%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA.jpg/320px-%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_2014_administrative_divisions">New 2014 administrative divisions</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Regions_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Regions_of_Iran.svg/220px-Regions_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Regions_of_Iran.svg/330px-Regions_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Regions_of_Iran.svg/440px-Regions_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>5 <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Iran" title="Regions of Iran">regions of Iran</a>; region 3 includes Iranian Azerbaijan and its capital is <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>, East Azerbaijan.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p> During <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani" title="Hassan Rouhani">Hassan Rouhani</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hassan_Rouhani_(2013%E2%80%932017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Hassan Rouhani (2013–2017)">government</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Iran)" title="Ministry of Interior (Iran)">Ministry of Interior</a> declared<sup id="cite_ref-New_ad_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_ad-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the provinces of Iran would be organized into regions. <i>Region 3</i> in Northwest Iran includes <a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan Province">East Azerbaijan Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan Province">West Azerbaijan Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardabil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardabil Province">Ardabil Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zanjan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanjan Province">Zanjan Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilan Province">Gilan Province</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan Province">Kurdistan Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Folio_from_a_Khamsa-c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Folio_from_a_Khamsa-c.jpg/220px-Folio_from_a_Khamsa-c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="491" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Folio_from_a_Khamsa-c.jpg/330px-Folio_from_a_Khamsa-c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Folio_from_a_Khamsa-c.jpg/440px-Folio_from_a_Khamsa-c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="1340" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid Empire">Sassanid</a> king <a href="/wiki/Bahram_V_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahram V of Persia">Bahram Gur</a> is a great favourite in Persian tradition and poetry. Depiction of Nezami's "Bahram and the Indian Princess in the Black Pavilion" <i>Khamse</i> ("Quintet"), mid-16th century <a href="/wiki/Safavid" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavid">Safavid</a> era.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a> have influenced Iranian culture while also being influenced by their non-Iranian neighbors, particularly <a href="/wiki/Peoples_of_the_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoples of the Caucasus">Caucasians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a>. The majority of Azerbaijanis in both Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan are <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shiite Muslims</a>. They celebrate <a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a>, the Iranian new year, at the arrival of spring. Azerbaijan has a <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Azerbaijan" title="Music of Azerbaijan">distinct music</a> that is tightly connected to the music of other Iranian peoples such as <a href="/wiki/Persian_traditional_music" title="Persian traditional music">Persian music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_music" title="Kurdish music">Kurdish music</a>, and also the music of the <a href="/wiki/Peoples_of_the_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoples of the Caucasus">Caucasian peoples</a>. Although the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani language</a> is not an official language of Iran it is widely used, mostly orally, among the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azerbaijanis</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3></div> <p>Many poets that came from Azerbaijan wrote poetry in both <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>. Renowned poets in <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani language</a> are <a href="/wiki/Nasimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasimi">Nasimi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shah_Ismail_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Ismail I">Shah Ismail I</a> (who was known with the pen-name “Khata'i”), <a href="/wiki/Fuzuli_(poet)" title="Fuzuli (poet)">Fuzuli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imadaddin_Nasimi" title="Imadaddin Nasimi">Nasimi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jahan_Shah" title="Jahan Shah">Jahan Shah</a> were probably born outside what is now Iranian Azerbaijan. <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a> was the dominant language of the Turkish ruling dynasties of the area, such as <a href="/wiki/Aq_Qoyunlu" title="Aq Qoyunlu">Ak Koyunlu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Azeri_Turkish_Literature_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Azeri_Turkish_Literature-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Qara_Qoyunlu" title="Qara Qoyunlu">Kara Koyunlu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was later used in the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid</a> court, until Isfahan became the capital,<sup id="cite_ref-Cyril_Glassé_2003,_pg_392_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cyril_Glassé_2003,_pg_392-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by religious, military and state dignitaries.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-price_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-price-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 16th century, Azerbaijani literature further flourished with the development of <a href="/wiki/Ashik" title="Ashik">Ashik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>: <i lang="az">Aşıq</i>) poetic genre of bards. During the same period, under the pen-name of “Khaṭāʾī” (<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>: <span lang="az"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" class="extiw" title="wikt:خطایی">خطائی</a></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'the <a href="/wiki/Cathayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathayan">Cathayan</a>')<sup id="cite_ref-Amanat_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amanat-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Obastan_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obastan-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shah_Ismail_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Ismail I">Shah Ismail I</a> wrote about 1,400 verses in Azerbaijani,<sup id="cite_ref-minorsky1_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-minorsky1-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which were later published as his <i>Divan</i>. A unique literary style known as <i>qoshma</i> (<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>: <i lang="az">qoşma</i> for <i>improvisation</i>) was introduced in this period, and developed by Shah Ismail and later by his son and successor, Shah <a href="/wiki/Tahmasp_I" title="Tahmasp I">Tahmasp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tahmasp_I" title="Tahmasp I">Tahmasp I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Azeri_Turkish_Literature_132-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Azeri_Turkish_Literature-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the span of the 17th century, 18th and 19th century, Fizuli's unique genres as well <a href="/wiki/Ashik" title="Ashik">Ashik</a> poetry were taken up by prominent poets and writers such as <a href="/wiki/Qovsi_Tabrizi" title="Qovsi Tabrizi">Qovsi Tabrizi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbas_II_of_Persia" title="Abbas II of Persia">Shah Abbas Sani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khasta_Qasim" title="Khasta Qasim">Khasta Qasim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Fatali_Akhundov" title="Mirza Fatali Akhundov">Mirza Fatali Akhundov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seyid_Abulgasim_Nabati" class="mw-redirect" title="Seyid Abulgasim Nabati">Seyid Abulgasim Nabati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ali_Mojuz" title="Ali Mojuz">Ali Mojuz</a> and others. </p><p>An influential piece of post-World War II Azerbaijani poetry, <i><a href="/wiki/Heydar_Babaya_Salam" title="Heydar Babaya Salam">Heydar Babaya Salam</a></i> (Greetings to Heydar Baba) was written by Azeri poet <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hossein_Shahriar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Hossein Shahriar">Mohammad Hossein Shahriar</a>. This poem, published in <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a> in 1954 and written in colloquial Azerbaijani, became popular among <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranians</a> and the people of <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic</a>. In <i><a href="/wiki/Heydar_Babaya_Salam" title="Heydar Babaya Salam">Heydar Babaya Salam</a></i>, Shahriar expressed his identity as an Iranian attached to his homeland, language, and culture. Heydar Baba is a hill near Khoshknab, the native village of the poet. </p><p>Azerbaijan is mentioned favorably on many occasions in <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">Persian literature</a> by <a href="/wiki/List_of_Persian_poets_and_authors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Persian poets and authors">Iran's greatest authors and poets</a>. Examples: </p><p>گزیده هر چه در ایران بزرگان<br /> زآذربایگان و ری و گرگان<br /> All the nobles and greats of Iran,<br /> Choose from Azerbaijan, <a href="/wiki/Ray,_Iran" title="Ray, Iran">Ray</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gorgan" title="Gorgan">Gorgan</a>.<br /> —<i><a href="/wiki/Vis_o_Ramin" class="mw-redirect" title="Vis o Ramin">Vis o Ramin</a></i> </p><p>از آنجا بتدبیر آزادگان<br /> بیامد سوی آذرآبادگان<br /> From there the wise and the free,<br /> set off to Azerbaijan<br /> —<i><a href="/wiki/Nizami_Ganjavi" title="Nizami Ganjavi">Nizami</a></i> </p><p>به یک ماه در آذرآبادگان<br /> ببودند شاهان و آزادگان<br /> For a month's time, The Kings and The Free,<br /> Would choose in Azerbaijan to be<br /> —<i><a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi" title="Ferdowsi">Ferdowsi</a></i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</h3></div> <p>Nine historical sites in Azerbaijan have been designated as <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bazaar_of_Tabriz" title="Bazaar of Tabriz">Bazaar of Tabriz</a>: is one of the oldest <a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">bazaars</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and the largest covered bazaar in the <a href="/wiki/World" title="World">world</a>. The bazaar was declared to be a World Heritage Site in July 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Safi_al-Din_Kh%C4%81neg%C4%81h_and_Shrine_Ensemble" title="Sheikh Safi al-Din Khānegāh and Shrine Ensemble">Sheikh Safi al-Din Khānegāh and Shrine Ensemble</a>: is the tomb of Sheikh <a href="/wiki/Safi-ad-din_Ardabili" class="mw-redirect" title="Safi-ad-din Ardabili">Safi-ad-din Ardabili</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, it was registered on the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage List">UNESCO World Heritage List</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht-e_Soleym%C4%81n" title="Takht-e Soleymān">Takht-e Soleymān</a>: literally the Throne of Solomon, in earlier ancient periods known as <i>Shiz</i> or <i>Adur Gushnasp</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> literally the Fire of the Warrior Kings) is an archaeological site in <a href="/wiki/West_Azarbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azarbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a>. It lies midway between <a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamadan" title="Hamadan">Hamadan</a>, very near the present-day town of <a href="/wiki/Takab" title="Takab">Takab</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_Soltaniyeh" title="Dome of Soltaniyeh">Dome of Soltaniyeh</a>: located near <a href="/wiki/Zanjan,_Iran" title="Zanjan, Iran">Zanjan</a>, 240 kilometres (150 mi) to the north-west of <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, used to be the capital of Mongol <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilkhanid">Ilkhanid</a> rulers of <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a> in the 14th century. Its name translates as The Imperial. In 2005, UNESCO listed Soltaniyeh as one of the World Heritage Sites. The road from Zanjan to Soltaniyeh extends until it reaches to the <a href="/wiki/Katale_khor" class="mw-redirect" title="Katale khor">Katale khor</a> cave.</li> <li>The Armenian Monastic Ensemble: <a href="/wiki/St._Thaddeus_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Thaddeus Monastery">St. Thaddeus Monastery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Stepanos_Monastery" title="Saint Stepanos Monastery">Saint Stepanos Monastery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Mother_of_God,_Darashamb" title="Church of the Holy Mother of God, Darashamb">Church of the Holy Mother of God, Darashamb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_Dzordzor" title="Chapel of Dzordzor">Chapel of Dzordzor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_Chupan" title="Chapel of Chupan">Church of Chupan</a> are World Heritage Sites.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tabriz_bazaar_012008.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bazaar of Tabriz"><img alt="Bazaar of Tabriz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Tabriz_bazaar_012008.jpg/97px-Tabriz_bazaar_012008.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Tabriz_bazaar_012008.jpg/145px-Tabriz_bazaar_012008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Tabriz_bazaar_012008.jpg/194px-Tabriz_bazaar_012008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2019" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bazaar_of_Tabriz" title="Bazaar of Tabriz">Bazaar of Tabriz</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheikh-safi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sheikh Safi al-Din Khānegāh and Shrine Ensemble"><img alt="Sheikh Safi al-Din Khānegāh and Shrine Ensemble" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Sheikh-safi.jpg/95px-Sheikh-safi.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Sheikh-safi.jpg/142px-Sheikh-safi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Sheikh-safi.jpg/190px-Sheikh-safi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="253" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Safi_al-Din_Kh%C4%81neg%C4%81h_and_Shrine_Ensemble" title="Sheikh Safi al-Din Khānegāh and Shrine Ensemble">Sheikh Safi al-Din Khānegāh and Shrine Ensemble</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Takht-e-soleiman-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Takht-e Soleymān"><img alt="Takht-e Soleymān" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Takht-e-soleiman-1.jpg/120px-Takht-e-soleiman-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Takht-e-soleiman-1.jpg/180px-Takht-e-soleiman-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Takht-e-soleiman-1.jpg/240px-Takht-e-soleiman-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1578" data-file-height="1184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Takht-e_Soleym%C4%81n" title="Takht-e Soleymān">Takht-e Soleymān</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soltaniyeh_exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Soltanieh Dome in Soltaniyeh"><img alt="Soltanieh Dome in Soltaniyeh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Soltaniyeh_exterior.jpg/80px-Soltaniyeh_exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Soltaniyeh_exterior.jpg/120px-Soltaniyeh_exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Soltaniyeh_exterior.jpg/160px-Soltaniyeh_exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="654" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Soltanieh Dome in <a href="/wiki/Soltaniyeh" title="Soltaniyeh">Soltaniyeh</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Northwestthaddes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Qara Klisa"><img alt="Qara Klisa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Northwestthaddes.jpg/120px-Northwestthaddes.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Northwestthaddes.jpg/180px-Northwestthaddes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Northwestthaddes.jpg/240px-Northwestthaddes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="313" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/St._Thaddeus_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Thaddeus Monastery">Qara Klisa</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3></div> <p>There are many universities in Azerbaijan, included units and centers: <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public university</a> and <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private university</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Azad_University" title="Islamic Azad University">Islamic Azad University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Payame_Noor_University" title="Payame Noor University">Payame Noor University</a>, Nonprofit educational institutions, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Applied_Science_and_Technology" title="University of Applied Science and Technology">University of Applied Science and Technology</a>. </p><p>Some of the most prestigious public universities in the area are: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Row</th> <th>Colleges and universities</th> <th>City</th> <th>Province </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tabriz" title="University of Tabriz">University of Tabriz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Urmia" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Urmia">University of Urmia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohaghegh_Ardabili_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohaghegh Ardabili University">Mohaghegh Ardabili University</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ardabil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardabil Province">Ardabil Province</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zanjan" title="University of Zanjan">University of Zanjan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zanjan,_Iran" title="Zanjan, Iran">Zanjan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zanjan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanjan Province">Zanjan Province</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Sahand_University_of_Technology" title="Sahand University of Technology">Sahand University of Technology</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Urmia_University_of_Technology" title="Urmia University of Technology">Urmia University of Technology</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Studies_in_Basic_Sciences" title="Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences">Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zanjan,_Iran" title="Zanjan, Iran">Zanjan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zanjan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanjan Province">Zanjan Province</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>8 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabriz_University_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Tabriz University of Medical Sciences">Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>9 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Urmia_University_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Urmia University of Medical Sciences">Urmia University of Medical Sciences</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>10 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ardabil_University_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Ardabil University of Medical Sciences">Ardabil University of Medical Sciences</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ardabil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardabil Province">Ardabil Province</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>11 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Zanjan_University_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Zanjan University of Medical Sciences">Zanjan University of Medical Sciences</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zanjan,_Iran" title="Zanjan, Iran">Zanjan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zanjan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanjan Province">Zanjan Province</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>12 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabriz_Islamic_Arts_University" title="Tabriz Islamic Arts University">Tabriz Islamic Arts University</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>13 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Azarbaijan_Shahid_Madani_University" title="Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University">Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>14 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maragheh" title="University of Maragheh">University of Maragheh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maragheh" title="Maragheh">Maragheh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>15 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Maragheh_observatory" title="Maragheh observatory">Maragheh observatory</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maragheh" title="Maragheh">Maragheh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>16 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonab" title="University of Bonab">University of Bonab</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bonab" title="Bonab">Bonab</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal_of_Medical_University_of_Ardabil.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ardabil University of Medical Sciences"><img alt="Ardabil University of Medical Sciences" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Portal_of_Medical_University_of_Ardabil.JPG/120px-Portal_of_Medical_University_of_Ardabil.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Portal_of_Medical_University_of_Ardabil.JPG/180px-Portal_of_Medical_University_of_Ardabil.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Portal_of_Medical_University_of_Ardabil.JPG/240px-Portal_of_Medical_University_of_Ardabil.JPG 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ardabil_University_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Ardabil University of Medical Sciences">Ardabil University of Medical Sciences</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IASBS_Physics.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Physics department interior of IASBS in Zanjan"><img alt="Physics department interior of IASBS in Zanjan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/IASBS_Physics.JPG/90px-IASBS_Physics.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/IASBS_Physics.JPG/135px-IASBS_Physics.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/IASBS_Physics.JPG/180px-IASBS_Physics.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1632" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Physics department interior of <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Studies_in_Basic_Sciences" title="Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences">IASBS</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zanjan,_Iran" title="Zanjan, Iran">Zanjan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ElectricMechanicFacultiesofZanjanUni.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="University of Zanjan"><img alt="University of Zanjan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/ElectricMechanicFacultiesofZanjanUni.jpeg/120px-ElectricMechanicFacultiesofZanjanUni.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/ElectricMechanicFacultiesofZanjanUni.jpeg/180px-ElectricMechanicFacultiesofZanjanUni.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/ElectricMechanicFacultiesofZanjanUni.jpeg/240px-ElectricMechanicFacultiesofZanjanUni.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zanjan" title="University of Zanjan">University of Zanjan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Westminster_Hospital_in_Urmia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joseph Cochran in Westminster Hospital Urmia (now Urmia University of Medical Sciences)"><img alt="Joseph Cochran in Westminster Hospital Urmia (now Urmia University of Medical Sciences)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Westminster_Hospital_in_Urmia.jpg/120px-Westminster_Hospital_in_Urmia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Westminster_Hospital_in_Urmia.jpg/180px-Westminster_Hospital_in_Urmia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Westminster_Hospital_in_Urmia.jpg/240px-Westminster_Hospital_in_Urmia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="419" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cochran" title="Joseph Cochran">Joseph Cochran</a> in Westminster Hospital Urmia (now <a href="/wiki/Urmia_University_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Urmia University of Medical Sciences">Urmia University of Medical Sciences</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Urmia_uni_central_library.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shahid Chamran Hall (central library) – of the University of Urmia"><img alt="Shahid Chamran Hall (central library) – of the University of Urmia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Urmia_uni_central_library.jpg/120px-Urmia_uni_central_library.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Urmia_uni_central_library.jpg/180px-Urmia_uni_central_library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Urmia_uni_central_library.jpg/240px-Urmia_uni_central_library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shahid Chamran Hall (central library) – of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Urmia" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Urmia">University of Urmia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Behnam%27s_House,_Sahand_University_of_Technology,_Tabriz,_Azerbaijan,_Iran,_08-19-2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Behnam House is part of the School of Architecture of Tabriz Islamic Arts University."><img alt="Behnam House is part of the School of Architecture of Tabriz Islamic Arts University." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Behnam%27s_House%2C_Sahand_University_of_Technology%2C_Tabriz%2C_Azerbaijan%2C_Iran%2C_08-19-2006.jpg/120px-Behnam%27s_House%2C_Sahand_University_of_Technology%2C_Tabriz%2C_Azerbaijan%2C_Iran%2C_08-19-2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Behnam%27s_House%2C_Sahand_University_of_Technology%2C_Tabriz%2C_Azerbaijan%2C_Iran%2C_08-19-2006.jpg/180px-Behnam%27s_House%2C_Sahand_University_of_Technology%2C_Tabriz%2C_Azerbaijan%2C_Iran%2C_08-19-2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Behnam%27s_House%2C_Sahand_University_of_Technology%2C_Tabriz%2C_Azerbaijan%2C_Iran%2C_08-19-2006.jpg/240px-Behnam%27s_House%2C_Sahand_University_of_Technology%2C_Tabriz%2C_Azerbaijan%2C_Iran%2C_08-19-2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2505" data-file-height="1583" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Behnam_House" title="Behnam House">Behnam House</a> is part of the School of Architecture of <a href="/wiki/Tabriz_Islamic_Arts_University" title="Tabriz Islamic Arts University">Tabriz Islamic Arts University</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tabriz_University_main_enterance.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="University of Tabriz's Tower"><img alt="University of Tabriz's Tower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tabriz_University_main_enterance.jpg/90px-Tabriz_University_main_enterance.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tabriz_University_main_enterance.jpg/135px-Tabriz_University_main_enterance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tabriz_University_main_enterance.jpg/180px-Tabriz_University_main_enterance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1632" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tabriz" title="University of Tabriz">University of Tabriz</a>'s Tower</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maragheh_Observatory.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maragheh observatory"><img alt="Maragheh observatory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Maragheh_Observatory.jpg/120px-Maragheh_Observatory.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Maragheh_Observatory.jpg/180px-Maragheh_Observatory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Maragheh_Observatory.jpg/240px-Maragheh_Observatory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="943" data-file-height="905" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maragheh_observatory" title="Maragheh observatory">Maragheh observatory</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Azeri_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri style">Azeri style</a></i> is a style (<i>sabk</i>) of architecture when categorizing <a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture" title="Iranian architecture">Iranian architecture</a> development in Azerbaijan history. Landmarks of this style of architecture span from the late 13th century (<a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a>) to the appearance of the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid dynasty</a> in the 16th century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ashik">Ashik</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ashiklar-Tabriz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Ashiklar-Tabriz.jpg/220px-Ashiklar-Tabriz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Ashiklar-Tabriz.jpg/330px-Ashiklar-Tabriz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Ashiklar-Tabriz.jpg/440px-Ashiklar-Tabriz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Ashiks by <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_traditional_clothing" title="Azerbaijani traditional clothing">Azerbaijani traditional clothing</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a>-<a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ashik" title="Ashik">Ashik</a> is a mystic bard, balladeer, or troubadour who accompanied his song be it a hikaye or a shorter original composition with a long-necked lute. The modern Azerbaijani ashiq is a professional musician who usually serves an apprenticeship, masters playing saz, and builds up a varied but individual repertoire of Turkic folk songs.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/The_Coffeehouse_of_Ashiks" title="The Coffeehouse of Ashiks">The Coffeehouse of Ashiks</a> is a coffeehouse in cities of Azerbaijan where ashiks perform <a href="/wiki/Turkish_hikaye" title="Turkish hikaye">Turkish hikaye</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In cities, towns, and villages of Iranian Azerbaijan ashiks entertain audiences in coffeehouses.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Azerbaijan_Cultural_and_Literature_Foundation">Azerbaijan Cultural and Literature Foundation</h3></div> <p>Azerbaijan Cultural and Literature Foundation, was founded for the purpose of research, study and promote the study of the culture, art, language, literature, and history of Azerbaijan in four provinces (<a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardabil_province" title="Ardabil province">Ardabil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zanjan_province" title="Zanjan province">Zanjan</a>) of Azerbaijan region.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3></div> <p>Iranian Azerbaijan is connected to other parts of Iran and the world via several air routes. There are seven civil airports in the region and the biggest Airport in the region is <a href="/wiki/Tabriz_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabriz International Airport">Tabriz International Airport</a> located in north-west of Tabriz. The other Airports are: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Row</th> <th>Airport</th> <th>City</th> <th>Province </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabriz_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabriz International Airport">Tabriz International Airport</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Urmia_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Urmia Airport">Urmia Airport</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ardabil_Airport" title="Ardabil Airport">Ardabil Airport</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ardabil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardabil Province">Ardabil Province</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Zanjan_Airport" title="Zanjan Airport">Zanjan Airport</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zanjan,_Iran" title="Zanjan, Iran">Zanjan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zanjan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanjan Province">Zanjan Province</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Sahand_Airport" title="Sahand Airport">Sahand Airport</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bonab" title="Bonab">Bonab</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Khoy_Airport" title="Khoy Airport">Khoy Airport</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khoy" title="Khoy">Khoy</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Parsabad-Moghan_Airport" title="Parsabad-Moghan Airport">Parsabad-Moghan Airport</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parsabad" title="Parsabad">Parsabad</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ardabil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardabil Province">Ardabil Province</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Air_lines">Air lines</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ATA_Airlines_A320.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/ATA_Airlines_A320.jpg/220px-ATA_Airlines_A320.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/ATA_Airlines_A320.jpg/330px-ATA_Airlines_A320.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/ATA_Airlines_A320.jpg/440px-ATA_Airlines_A320.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>An ATA Airlines A320-200 landing at Tabriz International Airport</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ata_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Ata Airlines">Ata Airlines</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Airline" title="Airline">airline</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. Operates scheduled domestic services and international services in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, as well as charter services including <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. Its main base is <a href="/wiki/Tabriz_Shahid_Madani_International_Airport" title="Tabriz Shahid Madani International Airport">Tabriz International Airport</a>. This airplane company is in Azerbaijan with <a href="/wiki/Eram_Air" title="Eram Air">Eram Air</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bridge">Bridge</h3></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Urmia_Lake_Bridge" title="Urmia Lake Bridge">Urmia Lake Bridge</a></i> is a bridge in region. It crosses <a href="/wiki/Lake_Urmia" title="Lake Urmia">Lake Urmia</a> and connects <a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meshginshahr_suspension_bridge" title="Meshginshahr suspension bridge">Meshginshahr suspension bridge</a></i> is Middle East's largest <a href="/wiki/Suspension_bridge" title="Suspension bridge">suspension bridge</a> in height of 80 metres (260 ft).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabriz_Cable_Bridge" title="Tabriz Cable Bridge">Tabriz Cable Bridge</a></i> is the biggest cable-stayed bridge in Iran.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3></div> <p>Azerbaijan is connected to the rest of Iranian railways through a line that connects Tabriz to <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>. This line continues from Tabriz to <a href="/wiki/Jolfa,_Iran_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jolfa, Iran (city)">Jolfa</a> city in the north of East Azerbaijan province and is connected to the railways of <a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhichevan</a>. Tabriz–Jolfa railway is one of the oldest railways in Iran that was built between 1912 and 1916. This railway line is the only part of Iranian railways that has an electric line. Tabriz also connected to Turkey through Tabriz-Razi railways which were built 1960–1961. The most important railways station in Azerbaijan is <a href="/wiki/Tabriz_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabriz Railway Station">Tabriz Railway Station</a> which was founded in West of <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a> in 1917; the current railway building of Tabriz railway station was built during the second <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi</a> era by Iranian architect <a href="/wiki/Heydar_Ghiai" title="Heydar Ghiai">Heydar Ghiaï-Chamlou</a>. The first railroad arriving at Tabriz had been built by <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russians</a>. The railway started from <a href="/wiki/Jolfa,_Iran_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jolfa, Iran (city)">Jolfa</a>, a city on the border of Iran and the modern <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Azerbaijan">Republic of Azerbaijan</a>. </p><p>Active lines this railway included: Tabriz–<a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, Tabriz–<a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic</a>, and Tabriz–<a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metro">Metro</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tabriz_Metro" title="Tabriz Metro">Tabriz Metro</a> opened on 28 August 2015 with 7 km length and 6 stations.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It will encompass 5 lines (4 lines are underground subway and 1 line is planned to connect <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a> to Sahand) and the total planned length is 75 kilometres (47 mi). Line 1 is the first line under construction that connects Shah-Golu in the southeast to Laleh district in the southwest after passing through the city center of Tabriz.<sup id="cite_ref-Metro_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metro-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-overlay"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 508.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 506.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TURO-El_Goli.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tabriz Urban Railway Organization (TURO), El-Gölü Station"><img alt="Tabriz Urban Railway Organization (TURO), El-Gölü Station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/TURO-El_Goli.jpg/760px-TURO-El_Goli.jpg" decoding="async" width="507" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/TURO-El_Goli.jpg/1140px-TURO-El_Goli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/TURO-El_Goli.jpg/1520px-TURO-El_Goli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1543" data-file-height="792" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 487px"><div class="gallerytext">Tabriz Urban Railway Organization (TURO), El-Gölü Station</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 384.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 382.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TabrizRail.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tabriz Railway Station"><img alt="Tabriz Railway Station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/TabrizRail.jpg/574px-TabrizRail.jpg" decoding="async" width="383" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/TabrizRail.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="435" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 363px"><div class="gallerytext">Tabriz Railway Station</div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3></div> <p>A network of Iranian national roads connects cities and populated areas of Azerbaijan to each other and to other parts of Iran. The only freeway in Azerbaijan is <a href="/wiki/Freeway_2_(Iran)" title="Freeway 2 (Iran)">Freeway 2 (Iran)</a> which connects Tabriz to Tehran and it is planned to construct the rest of the freeway up to the Iran-Turkey border at <a href="/wiki/Bazargan,_Iran" title="Bazargan, Iran">Bazargan</a>. Other roads and highways include <a href="/wiki/Road_32_(Iran)" title="Road 32 (Iran)">Road 32 (Iran)</a> which connects Tehran to Tabriz and continues to the Iran-Turkey border at Bazargan. Here is a list and map of roads that pass through Azerbaijan. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Type </th> <th scope="col">Number Road </th> <th scope="col">Distance (km) </th> <th scope="col">Distance (mi) </th> <th scope="col">City of Origin </th> <th scope="col">City of Destination </th> <th scope="col">Location </th> <th>Image </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Freeways" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeways">Freeways</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Freeway_2_(Iran)" title="Freeway 2 (Iran)">Freeway 2 (Iran)</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005600000000000000">600 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005600000000000000">370 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a> (Az) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_2_(Iran).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Road_2_%28Iran%29.jpg/100px-Road_2_%28Iran%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Road_2_%28Iran%29.jpg/150px-Road_2_%28Iran%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Road_2_%28Iran%29.jpg/200px-Road_2_%28Iran%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="823" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran-Karaj_Freeway,_Apadana,_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C86_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Tehran-Karaj_Freeway%2C_Apadana%2C_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C86_-_panoramio.jpg/130px-Tehran-Karaj_Freeway%2C_Apadana%2C_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C86_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Tehran-Karaj_Freeway%2C_Apadana%2C_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C86_-_panoramio.jpg/195px-Tehran-Karaj_Freeway%2C_Apadana%2C_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C86_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Tehran-Karaj_Freeway%2C_Apadana%2C_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C86_-_panoramio.jpg/260px-Tehran-Karaj_Freeway%2C_Apadana%2C_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C86_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">Highways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Roads</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Road_11_(Iran)" title="Road 11 (Iran)">Road 11 (Iran)</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005325000000000000">325 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005325000000000000">202 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jolfa,_Iran_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jolfa, Iran (city)">Jolfa</a> (Az) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baneh" title="Baneh">Baneh</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_11_(Iran).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Road_11_%28Iran%29.jpg/100px-Road_11_%28Iran%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Road_11_%28Iran%29.jpg/150px-Road_11_%28Iran%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Road_11_%28Iran%29.jpg/200px-Road_11_%28Iran%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="823" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">Highways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Roads</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Road_12_(Iran)" title="Road 12 (Iran)">Road 12 (Iran)</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005572000000000000">572 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005572000000000000">355 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bazargan,_Iran" title="Bazargan, Iran">Bazargan</a> (Az) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bileh_Savar" title="Bileh Savar">Bileh Savar</a> (Az) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_12_(Iran).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Road_12_%28Iran%29.jpg/100px-Road_12_%28Iran%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Road_12_%28Iran%29.jpg/150px-Road_12_%28Iran%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Road_12_%28Iran%29.jpg/200px-Road_12_%28Iran%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="823" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">Highways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Roads</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Road_14_(Iran)" title="Road 14 (Iran)">Road 14 (Iran)</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005460000000000000">460 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005460000000000000">290 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Razi,_Ardabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Razi, Ardabil">Razi, Ardabil</a> (Az) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salmas" title="Salmas">Salmas</a> (Az) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_14_(Iran).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Road_14_%28Iran%29.jpg/100px-Road_14_%28Iran%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Road_14_%28Iran%29.jpg/150px-Road_14_%28Iran%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Road_14_%28Iran%29.jpg/200px-Road_14_%28Iran%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="823" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">Highways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Roads</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Road_16_(Iran)" title="Road 16 (Iran)">Road 16 (Iran)</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005428000000000000">428 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005428000000000000">266 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astara,_Iran" title="Astara, Iran">Astara</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Serow,_Iran" title="Serow, Iran">Serow</a> (Az) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_16_(Iran).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Road_16_%28Iran%29.jpg/100px-Road_16_%28Iran%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Road_16_%28Iran%29.jpg/150px-Road_16_%28Iran%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Road_16_%28Iran%29.jpg/200px-Road_16_%28Iran%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="823" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Urmia_bridge_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Lake_Urmia_bridge_2010.jpg/130px-Lake_Urmia_bridge_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Lake_Urmia_bridge_2010.jpg/195px-Lake_Urmia_bridge_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Lake_Urmia_bridge_2010.jpg/260px-Lake_Urmia_bridge_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">Highways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Roads</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Road_21_(Iran)" title="Road 21 (Iran)">Road 21 (Iran)</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005978000000000000">978 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005978000000000000">608 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ilam,_Iran" title="Ilam, Iran">Ilam</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jolfa,_Iran_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jolfa, Iran (city)">Jolfa</a> (Az) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_21_(Iran).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Road_21_%28Iran%29.jpg/100px-Road_21_%28Iran%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Road_21_%28Iran%29.jpg/150px-Road_21_%28Iran%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Road_21_%28Iran%29.jpg/200px-Road_21_%28Iran%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="823" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">Highways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Roads</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Road_22_(Iran)" title="Road 22 (Iran)">Road 22 (Iran)</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005428000000000000">428 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005428000000000000">266 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sarakhs" title="Sarakhs">Sarakhs</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khalkhal,_Ardabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalkhal, Ardabil">Khalkhal</a> (Az) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_22_(Iran).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Road_22_%28Iran%29.jpg/100px-Road_22_%28Iran%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Road_22_%28Iran%29.jpg/150px-Road_22_%28Iran%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Road_22_%28Iran%29.jpg/200px-Road_22_%28Iran%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="823" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golestan_jungle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Golestan_jungle.jpg/130px-Golestan_jungle.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Golestan_jungle.jpg/195px-Golestan_jungle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Golestan_jungle.jpg/260px-Golestan_jungle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">Highways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Roads</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Road_23_(Iran)" title="Road 23 (Iran)">Road 23 (Iran)</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005390000000000000">390 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005390000000000000">240 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Miandoab" title="Miandoab">Miandoab</a> (Az) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamadan" title="Hamadan">Hamadan</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_23_(Iran).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Road_23_%28Iran%29.jpg/100px-Road_23_%28Iran%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Road_23_%28Iran%29.jpg/150px-Road_23_%28Iran%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Road_23_%28Iran%29.jpg/200px-Road_23_%28Iran%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="823" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">Highways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Roads</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Road_24_(Iran)" title="Road 24 (Iran)">Road 24 (Iran)</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005142000000000000">142 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005142000000000000">88 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hashtrud" title="Hashtrud">Hashtrud</a> (Az) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bonab" title="Bonab">Bonab</a> (Az) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_24_(Iran).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Road_24_%28Iran%29.jpg/100px-Road_24_%28Iran%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Road_24_%28Iran%29.jpg/150px-Road_24_%28Iran%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Road_24_%28Iran%29.jpg/200px-Road_24_%28Iran%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="823" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">Highways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Roads</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Road_26_(Iran)" title="Road 26 (Iran)">Road 26 (Iran)</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005151000000000000">151 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005151000000000000">94 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Miandoab" title="Miandoab">Miandoab</a> (Az) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Piranshahr" title="Piranshahr">Piranshahr</a> (Az) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_26_(Iran).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Road_26_%28Iran%29.jpg/100px-Road_26_%28Iran%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Road_26_%28Iran%29.jpg/150px-Road_26_%28Iran%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Road_26_%28Iran%29.jpg/200px-Road_26_%28Iran%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="823" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">Highways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Roads</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Road_27_(Iran)" title="Road 27 (Iran)">Road 27 (Iran)</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005245000000000000">245 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005245000000000000">152 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khomarlu" title="Khomarlu">Khomarlu</a> (Az) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a> (Az) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_27_(Iran).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Road_27_%28Iran%29.jpg/100px-Road_27_%28Iran%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Road_27_%28Iran%29.jpg/150px-Road_27_%28Iran%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Road_27_%28Iran%29.jpg/200px-Road_27_%28Iran%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="823" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">Highways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Roads</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Road_31_(Iran)" title="Road 31 (Iran)">Road 31 (Iran)</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005539000000000000">539 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005539000000000000">335 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parsabad" title="Parsabad">Parsabad</a> (Az) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manjil" title="Manjil">Manjil</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_31_(Iran).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Road_31_%28Iran%29.jpg/100px-Road_31_%28Iran%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Road_31_%28Iran%29.jpg/150px-Road_31_%28Iran%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Road_31_%28Iran%29.jpg/200px-Road_31_%28Iran%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="823" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">Highways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Roads</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Road_32_(Iran)" title="Road 32 (Iran)">Road 32 (Iran)</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005880000000000000">880 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005880000000000000">550 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bazargan,_Iran" title="Bazargan, Iran">Bazargan</a> (Az) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_32_(Iran).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Road_32_%28Iran%29.jpg/100px-Road_32_%28Iran%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Road_32_%28Iran%29.jpg/150px-Road_32_%28Iran%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Road_32_%28Iran%29.jpg/200px-Road_32_%28Iran%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="823" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">Highways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Roads</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Road_33_(Iran)" title="Road 33 (Iran)">Road 33 (Iran)</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005155000000000000">155 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005155000000000000">96 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a> (Az) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bileh_Savar" title="Bileh Savar">Bileh Savar</a> (Az) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_33_(Iran).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Road_33_%28Iran%29.jpg/100px-Road_33_%28Iran%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Road_33_%28Iran%29.jpg/150px-Road_33_%28Iran%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Road_33_%28Iran%29.jpg/200px-Road_33_%28Iran%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="823" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">Highways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Roads</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Road_35_(Iran)" title="Road 35 (Iran)">Road 35 (Iran)</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005155000000000000">155 </td> <td style="text-align:right;" data-sort-value="7005155000000000000">96 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zanjan,_Iran" title="Zanjan, Iran">Zanjan</a> (Az) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khorramabad" title="Khorramabad">Khorramabad</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_35_(Iran).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Road_35_%28Iran%29.jpg/100px-Road_35_%28Iran%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Road_35_%28Iran%29.jpg/150px-Road_35_%28Iran%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Road_35_%28Iran%29.jpg/200px-Road_35_%28Iran%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="823" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tabriz,_IRIB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Tabriz%2C_IRIB.jpg/220px-Tabriz%2C_IRIB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Tabriz%2C_IRIB.jpg/330px-Tabriz%2C_IRIB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Tabriz%2C_IRIB.jpg/440px-Tabriz%2C_IRIB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="754" data-file-height="689" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahand_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sahand TV (page does not exist)">Sahand TV</a> main building</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="TV_and_radio">TV and radio</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahand_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sahand TV (page does not exist)">Sahand TV</a> from <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eshragh_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eshragh TV (page does not exist)">Eshragh TV</a> from <a href="/wiki/Zanjan,_Iran" title="Zanjan, Iran">Zanjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabalan_TV" title="Sabalan TV">Sabalan TV</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ardebil" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardebil">Ardebil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_TV" title="Azerbaijan TV">Azerbaijan TV</a> from <a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Native_language_instruction">Native language instruction</h3></div> <p>Azerbaijani language is not taught in Iranian schools; but for the first time at the level of academic education since 2016, Azerbaijani language and literature launched in Azerbaijan for <a href="/wiki/Tabriz_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabriz University">Tabriz University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newspapers">Newspapers</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <dl><dt>Ardabil Province</dt></dl> <ul><li><i>Ardabil Farda</i><sup id="cite_ref-Newspapers-Ardabil_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newspapers-Ardabil-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Ardabil Hamshahri</i><sup id="cite_ref-Newspapers-Ardabil_153-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newspapers-Ardabil-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt>West Azerbaijan</dt></dl> <ul><li><i>Araz Azerbaijan</i><sup id="cite_ref-Newspapers-Araz_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newspapers-Araz-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt>Zanjan Province</dt></dl> <ul><li><i>Mardom -e- No</i><sup id="cite_ref-Newspapers-Zanjan_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newspapers-Zanjan-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Zanjan Hamshahri</i><sup id="cite_ref-Newspapers-Zanjan_155-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newspapers-Zanjan-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <dl><dt>East Azerbaijan</dt></dl> <ul><li><i>Azerbaijan</i><sup id="cite_ref-Newspapers-Tabriz_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newspapers-Tabriz-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Ark</i><sup id="cite_ref-Newspapers-Tabriz_156-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newspapers-Tabriz-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Amin</i><sup id="cite_ref-Newspapers-Tabriz_156-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newspapers-Tabriz-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Sorkhab</i><sup id="cite_ref-Newspapers-Tabriz_156-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newspapers-Tabriz-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Saib Tabriz</i><sup id="cite_ref-Newspapers-Tabriz_156-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newspapers-Tabriz-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Asr Azadi</i><sup id="cite_ref-Newspapers-Tabriz_156-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newspapers-Tabriz-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Fajr Azerbaijan</i><sup id="cite_ref-Newspapers-Tabriz_156-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newspapers-Tabriz-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Mahd Azadi</i><sup id="cite_ref-Newspapers-Tabriz_156-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newspapers-Tabriz-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport_Olympiad">Sport Olympiad</h3></div> <p>For the first time, Sports Olympiad of northwest in 23 sports to host <a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a> city will be held the presence of <a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Azerbaijan">West Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Azerbaijan">East Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardabil_province" title="Ardabil province">Ardabil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zanjan_province" title="Zanjan province">Zanjan provinces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sahand_Stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sahand_Stadium.jpg/220px-Sahand_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sahand_Stadium.jpg/330px-Sahand_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sahand_Stadium.jpg/440px-Sahand_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yadegar-e_Emam_Stadium_(Tabriz)" title="Yadegar-e Emam Stadium (Tabriz)">Sahand Stadium</a>; has a capacity of about 70,000 and is located in <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_sport_clubs">Major sport clubs</h3></div> <p>Representatives of Azerbaijani in the top two leagues: </p> <dl><dt>Football</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tractor_Sazi_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Tractor Sazi F.C.">Tractor Sazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_Sazi_F.C." title="Machine Sazi F.C.">Machine Sazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gostaresh_Foulad_F.C." title="Gostaresh Foulad F.C.">Gostaresh Foolad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrdari_Tabriz_F.C." title="Shahrdari Tabriz F.C.">Shahrdari Tabriz</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Futsal</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mes_Sungun_FSC" title="Mes Sungun FSC">Mes Sungun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Behrad_Ardabil_FSC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Behrad Ardabil FSC (page does not exist)">Behrad Ardabil</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Volleyball</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahrdari_Urmia_VC" title="Shahrdari Urmia VC">Shahrdari Urmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrdari_Tabriz_VC" title="Shahrdari Tabriz VC">Shahrdari Tabriz</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Basketball</dt></dl> <ul><li>Shahrdari Tabriz</li></ul> <dl><dt>Cycling Team</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabriz_Petrochemical_CCN_Team" title="Tabriz Petrochemical CCN Team">Tabriz Petrochemical CCN Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabriz_Shahrdari_Team" title="Tabriz Shahrdari Team">Tabriz Shahrdary Team</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_sport_events">Major sport events</h3></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/2010_Asian_Men%27s_Cup_Volleyball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Asian Men's Cup Volleyball Championship">2010 Asian Men's Cup Volleyball Championship</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Ghadir_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghadir Arena">Ghadir Arena</a> in <a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2012_WAFF_Futsal_Championship" title="2012 WAFF Futsal Championship">2012 WAFF Futsal Championship</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Ghadir_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghadir Arena">Ghadir Arena</a> in Urmia.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2012_Asian_Junior_Men%27s_Volleyball_Championship" title="2012 Asian Junior Men's Volleyball Championship">2012 Asian Junior Men's Volleyball Championship</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Ghadir_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghadir Arena">Ghadir Arena</a> in Urmia.</li> <li><i>16th Wrestle International Children's Day</i> <a href="/wiki/Shahid_Poursharifi_Arena" title="Shahid Poursharifi Arena">Shahid Poursharifi Arena</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2014_Asian_Men%27s_Junior_Handball_Championship" title="2014 Asian Men's Junior Handball Championship">2014 Asian Men's Junior Handball Championship</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Shahid_Poursharifi_Arena" title="Shahid Poursharifi Arena">Shahid Poursharifi Arena</a> in Tabriz.</li> <li>1976: Part of <a href="/wiki/1976_AFC_Asian_Cup" title="1976 AFC Asian Cup">1976 AFC Asian Cup</a>'s final tournament held in <a href="/wiki/Bagh_Shomal_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagh Shomal Stadium">Bagh Shomal Stadium</a>, Tabriz.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tour_of_Iran_(Azerbaijan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tour of Iran (Azerbaijan)">Tour of Iran (Azerbaijan)</a></i> since 1986.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports_facilities">Sports facilities</h3></div> <p>Large and important stadiums: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yadegar-e_Emam_Stadium_(Tabriz)" title="Yadegar-e Emam Stadium (Tabriz)">Yadegar-e Emam Stadium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ali_Daei_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Daei Stadium">Ali Daei Stadium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Takhti_Stadium_(Tabriz)" title="Takhti Stadium (Tabriz)">Takhti Stadium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gostaresh_Foulad_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gostaresh Foulad Stadium">Gostaresh Foulad Stadium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabriz_Cycling_Track" title="Tabriz Cycling Track">Tabriz Cycling Track</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shahid_Pour_Sharifi_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahid Pour Sharifi Arena">Shahid Pour Sharifi Arena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghadir_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghadir Arena">Ghadir Arena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rezazadeh_Stadium" title="Rezazadeh Stadium">Rezazadeh Stadium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marzdaran_Stadium" title="Marzdaran Stadium">Marzdaran Stadium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tractor_Stadium" title="Tractor Stadium">Tractor Stadium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sahand_Ski_Resort" title="Sahand Ski Resort">Sahand Ski Resort</a></i></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/48px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/64px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iran" title="Portal:Iran">Iran portal</a></span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atropatene" title="Atropatene">Atropatene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_People%27s_Government" title="Azerbaijan People's Government">Azerbaijan People's Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_name_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the name Azerbaijan">History of the name Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijani people">Azerbaijani people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Azeri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Azeri language">Old Azeri language</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> </div> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_The_World_Factbook"><b><a href="#ref_The_World_Factbook">^a</a></b> Reporting and estimation <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">World Factbook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_New_America_Foundation"><b><a href="#ref_New_America_Foundation">^c</a></b> Reporting and estimation <a href="/wiki/New_America_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="New America Foundation">New America Foundation</a></span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Minority_Rights"><b><a href="#ref_Minority_Rights">^d</a></b> Reporting and estimation <a href="/wiki/Minority_Rights_Group_International" title="Minority Rights Group International">Minority Rights Group International</a></span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Britannica"><b><a href="#ref_Britannica">^e</a></b> Reporting and estimation <a href="/wiki/Britannica_Encyclopaedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Britannica Encyclopaedia">Britannica Encyclopaedia</a></span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Ethnologue"><b><a href="#ref_Ethnologue">^f</a></b> Reporting and estimation <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Iranica"><b><a href="#ref_Iranica">^g</a></b> Reporting and estimation <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a>, The number of Turkic speakers in Iran today is estimated about 16 million, The majority are ethnic Azeris</span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Songor"><b><a href="#ref_Songor">^h</a></b> Just in <a href="/wiki/Sonqor_County" title="Sonqor County">Sonqor County</a></span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_politician-i"><b><a href="#ref_politician-i">^i</a></b>  <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Alirezabeighi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad Alirezabeighi">Ahmad Alirezabeighi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zahra_Saei" title="Zahra Saei">Zahra Saei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masoud_Pezeshkian" title="Masoud Pezeshkian">Masoud Pezeshkian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hosein_Farhanghi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Hosein Farhanghi">Mohammad Hosein Farhanghi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shahabaddin_Bimegdar" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahabaddin Bimegdar">Shahabaddin Bimegdar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Esmaeil_Saeidi" title="Mohammad Esmaeil Saeidi">Mohammad Esmaeil Saeidi</a></span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_politician-j"><b><a href="#ref_politician-j">^j</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hadi_Bahadori" title="Hadi Bahadori">Hadi Bahadori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rohollah_Hazratpour" class="mw-redirect" title="Rohollah Hazratpour">Rohollah Hazratpour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nader_Ghazipour" title="Nader Ghazipour">Nader Ghazipour</a></span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_politician-k"><b><a href="#ref_politician-k">^k</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Reza_Karimi_(politicians)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reza Karimi (politicians)">Reza Karimi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodeif_Badri" title="Sodeif Badri">Sodeif Badri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Feyzi" title="Mohammad Feyzi">Mohammad Feyzi</a></span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_politician-m"><b><a href="#ref_politician-m">^m</a></b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Waqfchi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Waqfchi (page does not exist)">Ali Waqfchi</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fereydun_Ahmadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fereydun Ahmadi (page does not exist)">Fereydun Ahmadi</a></span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_politician-n"><b><a href="#ref_politician-n">^n</a></b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fardin_Farmand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fardin Farmand (page does not exist)">Fardin Farmand</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaqub_Shivyari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaqub Shivyari (page does not exist)">Yaqub Shivyari</a></span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_politician-o"><b><a href="#ref_politician-o">^o</a></b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homayun_Hashemi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homayun Hashemi (page does not exist)">Homayun Hashemi</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahanbakhsh_Mohebbinia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jahanbakhsh Mohebbinia (page does not exist)">Jahanbakhsh Mohebbinia</a></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Minahan. "Miniature Empires", Published by Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Azerbaijan-region-Iran">"Azerbaijan: Region, Iran"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200420212241/https://www.britannica.com/place/Azerbaijan-region-Iran">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-04-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Azerbaijan%3A+Region%2C+Iran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FAzerbaijan-region-Iran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume XI (Brill Publishers, Leiden, 2002). Article: "Zandjan", page 446: <blockquote><p>The mediaeval geographers mostly placed Zandjan in Djibal province, usually linking it with Abhar [q.v] or Awhar some 80 km/50 miles to its south-east, but they usually stated that it was on the frontier with Adharbaydjan, and some authorities attributed it to Daylam or to Rayy.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SwietochowskiCollins1999-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SwietochowskiCollins1999_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTadeusz_SwietochowskiBrian_C._Collins1999" class="citation book cs1">Tadeusz Swietochowski; Brian C. Collins (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yjIZ6ymyNO8C"><i>Historical Dictionary of Azerbaijan</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-3550-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-3550-4"><bdi>978-0-8108-3550-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170406113843/https://books.google.com/books?id=yjIZ6ymyNO8C">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-04-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Azerbaijan&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-3550-4&rft.au=Tadeusz+Swietochowski&rft.au=Brian+C.+Collins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyjIZ6ymyNO8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atabaki2000-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Atabaki2000_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTouraj_Atabaki2000" class="citation book cs1">Touraj Atabaki (4 November 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MybbePBf9YcC"><i>Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. pp. 8, 90 and 112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-554-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-554-9"><bdi>978-1-86064-554-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226225450/https://books.google.com/books?id=MybbePBf9YcC">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Azerbaijan%3A+Ethnicity+and+the+Struggle+for+Power+in+Iran&rft.pages=8%2C+90+and+112&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2000-11-04&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-554-9&rft.au=Touraj+Atabaki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMybbePBf9YcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-I.B.Tauris-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-I.B.Tauris_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-I.B.Tauris_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtabaki2000" class="citation book cs1">Atabaki, Touraj (2000). <i>Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran</i>. I.B.Tauris. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781860645549" title="Special:BookSources/9781860645549"><bdi>9781860645549</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Azerbaijan%3A+Ethnicity+and+the+Struggle+for+Power+in+Iran&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781860645549&rft.aulast=Atabaki&rft.aufirst=Touraj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-I.B._Tauris-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-I.B._Tauris_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-I.B._Tauris_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-I.B._Tauris_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDekmejianSimonian2003" class="citation book cs1">Dekmejian, R. Hrair; Simonian, Hovann H. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4_jdnke35AgC&q=azerbaijan+name+used+1918"><i>Troubled Waters: The Geopolitics of the Caspian Region</i></a>. I.B. Tauris. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1860649226" title="Special:BookSources/978-1860649226"><bdi>978-1860649226</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210119105746/https://books.google.com/books?id=4_jdnke35AgC&q=azerbaijan+name+used+1918">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-01-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-08</span></span>. <q>Until 1918, when the Musavat regime decided to name the newly independent state Azerbaijan, this designation had been used exclusively to identify the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Azerbaijan">Iranian province of Azerbaijan</a>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Troubled+Waters%3A+The+Geopolitics+of+the+Caspian+Region&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1860649226&rft.aulast=Dekmejian&rft.aufirst=R.+Hrair&rft.au=Simonian%2C+Hovann+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4_jdnke35AgC%26q%3Dazerbaijan%2Bname%2Bused%2B1918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amsterdam_University_Press-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Amsterdam_University_Press_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amsterdam_University_Press_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amsterdam_University_Press_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRezvani2014" class="citation book cs1">Rezvani, Babak (2014). <i>Ethno-territorial conflict and coexistence in the caucasus, Central Asia and Fereydan: academisch proefschrift</i>. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 356. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9048519286" title="Special:BookSources/978-9048519286"><bdi>978-9048519286</bdi></a>. <q>The region to the north of the river Araxes was not called Azerbaijan prior to 1918, unlike the region in northwestern Iran that has been called since so long ago.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethno-territorial+conflict+and+coexistence+in+the+caucasus%2C+Central+Asia+and+Fereydan%3A+academisch+proefschrift&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=356&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-9048519286&rft.aulast=Rezvani&rft.aufirst=Babak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown_2002-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brown_2002_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2002" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, Cameron S. (December 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030223221730/http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2002/issue4/jv6n4a7.html#Cameron%20S.%20Brown">"Observations from Azerbaijan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Review_of_International_Affairs" title="Middle East Review of International Affairs">Middle East Review of International Affairs</a></i>. <b>6</b> (4). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2002/issue4/jv6n4a7.html">the original</a> on 23 February 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Review+of+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=Observations+from+Azerbaijan&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2002-12&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Cameron+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmeria.idc.ac.il%2Fjournal%2F2002%2Fissue4%2Fjv6n4a7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael P. Croissant, "The Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict: Causes and Implications", Praeger/Greenwood, 1998. excerpt from pg 61: "During the Soviet-era historical revisionism and myth-building intended to denounce imperialism, the notion of a "northern" and "southern" Azerbaijan was created and propagated throughout USSR. It was charged that the "two Azerbaijanis" once united were separated artificially by a conspiracy between imperial Russia and Iran".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Ethnic Conflict and International Security</i>, Edited by Michael E. Brown, Princeton University Press, 1993</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bert G. Fragner, ‘Soviet Nationalism’: An Ideological Legacy to the Independent Republics of Central Asia’ in Van Schendel, Willem (Editor). Identity Politics in Central Asia and the Muslim World: Nationalism, Ethnicity and Labour in the Twentieth Century. London, GBR: I. B. Tauris & Company, Limited, 2001. Excerpt from pg 24: "Under Soviet auspices and in accordance with Soviet nationalism, historical Azerbaijan proper was reinterpreted as 'Southern Azerbaijan', with demands for liberation and, eventually, for 're'-unification with Northern (Soviet) Azerbaijan – a breathtaking manipulation. No need to point to concrete Soviet political activities in this direction, as in 1945–46 etc. The really interesting point is that in the independent former Soviet republics this typically Soviet ideological pattern has long outlasted the Soviet Union."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swietochowski_Borderland-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Swietochowski_Borderland_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swietochowski_Borderland_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwietochowski1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Swietochowski" title="Tadeusz Swietochowski">Swietochowski, Tadeusz</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FfRYRwAACAAJ&q=Russia+and+Iran+in+the+great+game:+travelogues+and+orientalism"><i>Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. pp. 69, 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-07068-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-07068-3"><bdi>978-0-231-07068-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713174716/https://books.google.com/books?id=FfRYRwAACAAJ&dq=Russia+and+Iran+in+the+great+game:+travelogues+and+orientalism">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-07-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia+and+Azerbaijan%3A+A+Borderland+in+Transition&rft.pages=69%2C+133&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-231-07068-3&rft.aulast=Swietochowski&rft.aufirst=Tadeusz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFfRYRwAACAAJ%26q%3DRussia%2Band%2BIran%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bgreat%2Bgame%3A%2Btravelogues%2Band%2Borientalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.nl-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.nl_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.nl_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.nl_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.nl_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.nl_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Timothy C. Dowling <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&dq=russo+persian+war+1804-1813&pg=PA728"><i>Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160903022939/https://books.google.com/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA728&dq=russo+persian+war+1804-1813&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=QnOXVJXpCcz7UPevhPAK&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=russo%20persian%20war%201804-1813&f=false">Archived</a> 2016-09-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> pp 728–729 ABC-CLIO, 2 dec. 2014 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1598849484" title="Special:BookSources/1598849484">1598849484</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siavash_Lornejad_p_10-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Siavash_Lornejad_p_10_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siavash_Lornejad_p_10_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Siavash Lornejad, Ali Doostzadeh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LhTqtSxN4ikC&dq=azerbaijan+adopted+the+name+azerbaijan+1918&pg=PA10"><i>ON THE MODERN POLITICIZATION OF THE PERSIAN POET NEZAMI GANJAVI</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210828201840/https://books.google.com/books?id=LhTqtSxN4ikC&pg=PA10&dq=azerbaijan+adopted+the+name+azerbaijan+1918&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAWoVChMIvonK6OP1yAIVh-sOCh2qLgPf#v=onepage&q=azerbaijan%20adopted%20the%20name%20azerbaijan%201918&f=false">Archived</a> 2021-08-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> CCIS, 2012 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9993069744" title="Special:BookSources/978-9993069744">978-9993069744</a> p 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFelectricpulp.com" class="citation web cs1">electricpulp.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/atropates-aturpat-lit">"ATROPATES – Encyclopaedia Iranica"</a>. <i>www.iranicaonline.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210512181344/https://iranicaonline.org/articles/atropates-aturpat-lit">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iranicaonline.org&rft.atitle=ATROPATES+%E2%80%93+Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.au=electricpulp.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fatropates-aturpat-lit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinahan1998" class="citation book cs1">Minahan, James (1998). <i>Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30610-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30610-5"><bdi>978-0-313-30610-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miniature+Empires%3A+A+Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Newly+Independent+States&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-313-30610-5&rft.aulast=Minahan&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChamoux2003" class="citation book cs1">Chamoux, François (2003). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hellenisticcivil00cham"><i>Hellenistic Civilization</i></a></span>. John Wiley and Sons. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hellenisticcivil00cham/page/n37">26</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-22241-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-22241-5"><bdi>978-0-631-22241-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hellenistic+Civilization&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-631-22241-5&rft.aulast=Chamoux&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhellenisticcivil00cham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworth_A.B.2002" class="citation book cs1">Bosworth A.B., Baynham E.J. (2002). <i>Alexander the Great in Fact and fiction</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-925275-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-925275-6"><bdi>978-0-19-925275-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alexander+the+Great+in+Fact+and+fiction&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-925275-6&rft.aulast=Bosworth+A.B.&rft.aufirst=Baynham+E.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopædia Iranica, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v3f1/v3f1a020.html">"ATROPATES"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071015212953/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v3f1/v3f1a020.html">Archived</a> October 15, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> M. L. Chaumont.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson" class="citation web cs1">Peterson, Joseph H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avesta.org/ka/yt13sbe.htm">"AVESTA: KHORDA AVESTA (English): Frawardin Yasht (Hymn to the Guardian Angels)"</a>. <i>www.avesta.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180929002203/http://www.avesta.org/ka/yt13sbe.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.avesta.org&rft.atitle=AVESTA%3A+KHORDA+AVESTA+%28English%29%3A+Frawardin+Yasht+%28Hymn+to+the+Guardian+Angels%29&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Joseph+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avesta.org%2Fka%2Fyt13sbe.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Minorsky-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Minorsky_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Aḏh̲arbayḏj̲ān (Azarbāyḏj̲ān)". <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_0016">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%E1%B8%8Fh%CC%B2arbay%E1%B8%8Fj%CC%B2%C4%81n+%28Azarb%C4%81y%E1%B8%8Fj%CC%B2%C4%81n%29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_0016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson" class="citation web cs1">Peterson, Joseph H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avesta.org/mp/adarbad1.htm">"Counsels of Adarbad Mahraspandan"</a>. <i>www.avesta.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126034832/http://www.avesta.org/mp/adarbad1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-01-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.avesta.org&rft.atitle=Counsels+of+Adarbad+Mahraspandan&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Joseph+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avesta.org%2Fmp%2Fadarbad1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Gnoli, Zoroaster's time and homeland, Naples, 1980</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Touraj Atabaki. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M3adD9kNH1gC&dq=1918+adopted+the+name+azerbaijan&pg=PA132"><i>Iran and the First World War: Battleground of the Great Powers</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210827194745/https://books.google.com/books?id=M3adD9kNH1gC&pg=PA132&dq=1918+adopted+the+name+azerbaijan&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiCrKL-nsLJAhUovXIKHR-JD40Q6AEIJTAB#v=onepage&q=1918%20adopted%20the%20name%20azerbaijan&f=false">Archived</a> 2021-08-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> I.B.Tauris, 4 sep. 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1860649646" title="Special:BookSources/978-1860649646">978-1860649646</a> p 132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYilmaz2015" class="citation book cs1">Yilmaz, Harun (2015). <i>National Identities in Soviet Historiography: The Rise of Nations Under Stalin</i>. Routledge. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1317596646" title="Special:BookSources/978-1317596646"><bdi>978-1317596646</bdi></a>. <q>On May 27, the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (DRA) was declared with Ottoman military support. The rulers of the DRA refused to identify themselves as [Transcaucasian] Tatar, which they rightfully considered to be a Russian colonial definition. (...) Neighboring Iran did not welcome the DRA's adoption of the name of "Azerbaijan" for the country because it could also refer to Iranian Azerbaijan and implied a territorial claim.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Identities+in+Soviet+Historiography%3A+The+Rise+of+Nations+Under+Stalin&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1317596646&rft.aulast=Yilmaz&rft.aufirst=Harun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarthold1963" class="citation book cs1">Barthold, Vasily (1963). <i>Sochineniya, vol II/1</i>. Moscow. p. 706. <q>(...) whenever it is necessary to choose a name that will encompass all regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan, name <a href="/wiki/Arran_(Caucasus)" title="Arran (Caucasus)">Arran</a> can be chosen. But the term Azerbaijan was chosen because when the Azerbaijan republic was created, it was assumed that this and the Persian Azerbaijan will be one entity, because the population of both has a big similarity. On this basis, the word Azerbaijan was chosen. Of course right now when the word Azerbaijan is used, it has two meanings as Persian Azerbaijan and as a republic, its confusing and a question arises as to which Azerbaijan is talked about.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sochineniya%2C+vol+II%2F1&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=706&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Barthold&rft.aufirst=Vasily&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFragner2001" class="citation book cs1">Fragner, B.G. (2001). <i>Soviet Nationalism: An Ideological Legacy to the Independent Republics of Central Asia</i>. I.B. Tauris and Company. pp. 13–32. <q>In the post Islamic sense, Arran and <a href="/wiki/Shirvan" title="Shirvan">Shirvan</a> are often distinguished, while in the pre-Islamic era, Arran or the western <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albania</a> roughly corresponds to the modern territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan. In the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> era, in a breathtaking manipulation, historical Azerbaijan (northwestern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>) was reinterpreted as "South Azerbaijan" in order for the Soviets to lay territorial claim on historical Azerbaijan proper which is located in modern-day northwestern Iran.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soviet+Nationalism%3A+An+Ideological+Legacy+to+the+Independent+Republics+of+Central+Asia&rft.pages=13-32&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris+and+Company&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Fragner&rft.aufirst=B.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/ot_grp10/ot_mannea_20060116.html">MANNEA by R. Zadok in Encyclopaedia Iranica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080108032003/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/ot_grp10/ot_mannea_20060116.html">Archived</a> January 8, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9051719">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Mede". <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 12 February 2007"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Mede%22.+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica.+2007.+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online.+12+February+2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9051719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArmVan-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ArmVan_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHovannisian1999" class="citation book cs1">Hovannisian, Richard G. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/armenianvanvaspu00rich"><i>Armenian Van/Vaspurakan</i></a>. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56859-130-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-56859-130-6"><bdi>1-56859-130-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenian+Van%2FVaspurakan&rft.place=Costa+Mesa%2C+California&rft.pub=Mazda+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-56859-130-6&rft.aulast=Hovannisian&rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farmenianvanvaspu00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hewsen-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hewsen_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewsen2011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Hewsen" title="Robert H. Hewsen">Hewsen, Robert H.</a> (August 17, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/avarayr-a-village-in-armenia-in-the-principality-of-artaz-southeast-of-the-iranian-town-of-maku">"AVARAYR"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117005213/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/avarayr-a-village-in-armenia-in-the-principality-of-artaz-southeast-of-the-iranian-town-of-maku">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2015</span>. <q>So spirited was the Armenian defense, however, that the Persians suffered enormous losses as well. Their victory was pyrrhic and the king, faced with troubles elsewhere, was forced, at least for the time being, to allow the Armenians to worship as they chose.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.atitle=AVARAYR&rft.date=2011-08-17&rft.aulast=Hewsen&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Favarayr-a-village-in-armenia-in-the-principality-of-artaz-southeast-of-the-iranian-town-of-maku&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pattie-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pattie_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusan_Paul_Pattie1997" class="citation book cs1">Susan Paul Pattie (1997). <i>Faith in History: Armenians Rebuilding Community</i>. Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1560986298" title="Special:BookSources/1560986298"><bdi>1560986298</bdi></a>. <q>The Armenian defeat in the Battle of Avarayr in 451 proved a pyrrhic victory for the Persians. Though the Armenians lost their commander, Vartan Mamikonian, and most of their soldiers, Persian losses were proportionately heavy, and Armenia was allowed to remain Christian.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faith+in+History%3A+Armenians+Rebuilding+Community&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1560986298&rft.au=Susan+Paul+Pattie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL._BakerSmithOleynik2014" class="citation book cs1">L. Baker, Patricia; Smith, Hilary; Oleynik, Maria (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RT0bAgAAQBAJ"><i>Iran</i></a>. London, United Kingdom: Bradt Travel Guides. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1841624020" title="Special:BookSources/978-1841624020"><bdi>978-1841624020</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200903000833/https://books.google.com/books?id=RT0bAgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-09-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Bradt+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1841624020&rft.aulast=L.+Baker&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.au=Smith%2C+Hilary&rft.au=Oleynik%2C+Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRT0bAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalia1983" class="citation book cs1">Salia, Kalistrat (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xjAhAQAAMAAJ"><i>History of the Georgian nation</i></a>. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin. p. 181. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200903000841/https://books.google.com/books?id=xjAhAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-09-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Georgian+nation&rft.place=Madison%2C+WI&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Salia&rft.aufirst=Kalistrat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxjAhAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikaberidze2011" class="citation book cs1">Mikaberidze, Alexander (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WjQfo3a1eVMC"><i>Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1</i></a>. Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO. p. 196. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1598843361" title="Special:BookSources/978-1598843361"><bdi>978-1598843361</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200903000843/https://books.google.com/books?id=WjQfo3a1eVMC">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-09-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conflict+and+Conquest+in+the+Islamic+World%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia%2C+Volume+1&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California%2C+USA&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1598843361&rft.aulast=Mikaberidze&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWjQfo3a1eVMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikaberidze2015" class="citation book cs1">Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JNNQCgAAQBAJ&q=1828+most+of+eastern+armenia"><i>Historical Dictionary of Georgia</i></a> (2 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 184, 623. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1442241466" title="Special:BookSources/978-1442241466"><bdi>978-1442241466</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210827161158/https://books.google.com/books?id=JNNQCgAAQBAJ&q=1828+most+of+eastern+armenia">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-08-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Georgia&rft.pages=184%2C+623&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1442241466&rft.aulast=Mikaberidze&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJNNQCgAAQBAJ%26q%3D1828%2Bmost%2Bof%2Beastern%2Barmenia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N8IKR0oqdRkC-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N8IKR0oqdRkC_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkiner2004" class="citation book cs1">Akiner, Shirin (5 July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N8IKR0oqdRkC&q=safavid+persia+conversion&pg=PA158"><i>The Caspian: Politics, Energy and Security</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203641675" title="Special:BookSources/9780203641675"><bdi>9780203641675</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210328003602/https://books.google.com/books?id=N8IKR0oqdRkC&q=safavid+persia+conversion&pg=PA158">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2020</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Caspian%3A+Politics%2C+Energy+and+Security&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2004-07-05&rft.isbn=9780203641675&rft.aulast=Akiner&rft.aufirst=Shirin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN8IKR0oqdRkC%26q%3Dsafavid%2Bpersia%2Bconversion%26pg%3DPA158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files.preslib.az/projects/remz/pdf_en/atr_din.pdf">"Administrative Department of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan – Presidential Library – Religion"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111123084541/http://files.preslib.az/projects/remz/pdf_en/atr_din.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2011-11-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Administrative+Department+of+the+President+of+the+Republic+of+Azerbaijan+%E2%80%93+Presidential+Library+%E2%80%93+Religion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffiles.preslib.az%2Fprojects%2Fremz%2Fpdf_en%2Fatr_din.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Juan Eduardo Campo,<i>Encyclopedia of Islam</i>, p.625</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991329-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991329_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991329_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991329_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991329_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991">Fisher et al. 1991</a>, p. 329.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alekseĭ I. Miller. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_8niIYSTqToC&dq=agha+mohammad+khan+conquer+georgia&pg=PA204"><i>Imperial Rule</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210827145924/https://books.google.com/books?id=_8niIYSTqToC&pg=PA204&dq=agha+mohammad+khan+conquer+georgia&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=bhxYVcu9BIS37AaTqIGwCQ&ved=0CGwQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=agha%20mohammad%20khan%20conquer%20georgia&f=false">Archived</a> 2021-08-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Central European University Press, 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9639241989" title="Special:BookSources/9639241989">9639241989</a> p 204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL._Batalden1997" class="citation book cs1">L. Batalden, Sandra (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WFjPAxhBEaEC&q=The+newly+independent+states+of+Eurasia:+handbook+of+former+Soviet+republics"><i>The Newly Independent States of Eurasia: Handbook of Former Soviet Republics</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89774-940-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89774-940-4"><bdi>978-0-89774-940-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713174717/https://books.google.com/books?id=WFjPAxhBEaEC&dq=The+newly+independent+states+of+Eurasia:+handbook+of+former+Soviet+republics">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-07-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Newly+Independent+States+of+Eurasia%3A+Handbook+of+Former+Soviet+Republics&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-89774-940-4&rft.aulast=L.+Batalden&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWFjPAxhBEaEC%26q%3DThe%2Bnewly%2Bindependent%2Bstates%2Bof%2BEurasia%3A%2Bhandbook%2Bof%2Bformer%2BSoviet%2Brepublics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._Ebel,_Robert2000" class="citation book cs1">E. Ebel, Robert, Menon, Rajan (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-sCpf26vBZ0C&q=Energy+and+conflict+in+Central+Asia+and+the+Caucasus"><i>Energy and conflict in Central Asia and the Caucasus</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 181. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-0063-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-0063-1"><bdi>978-0-7425-0063-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713174720/https://books.google.com/books?id=-sCpf26vBZ0C&dq=Energy+and+conflict+in+Central+Asia+and+the+Caucasus">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-07-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Energy+and+conflict+in+Central+Asia+and+the+Caucasus&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-0063-1&rft.aulast=E.+Ebel%2C+Robert&rft.aufirst=Menon%2C+Rajan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-sCpf26vBZ0C%26q%3DEnergy%2Band%2Bconflict%2Bin%2BCentral%2BAsia%2Band%2Bthe%2BCaucasus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndreeva2010" class="citation book cs1">Andreeva, Elena (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FfRYRwAACAAJ&q=%3DRussia+and+Iran+in+the+great+game:+travelogues+and+orientalism"><i>Russia and Iran in the Great Game: Travelogues and Orientalism</i></a> (reprint ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-78153-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-78153-4"><bdi>978-0-415-78153-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713174721/https://books.google.com/books?id=FfRYRwAACAAJ&dq=%3DRussia+and+Iran+in+the+great+game:+travelogues+and+orientalism">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-07-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia+and+Iran+in+the+Great+Game%3A+Travelogues+and+Orientalism&rft.pages=6&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-415-78153-4&rft.aulast=Andreeva&rft.aufirst=Elena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFfRYRwAACAAJ%26q%3D%253DRussia%2Band%2BIran%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bgreat%2Bgame%3A%2Btravelogues%2Band%2Borientalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÇiçek,_Kemal2000" class="citation book cs1">Çiçek, Kemal, Kuran, Ercüment (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c5VpAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Great+Ottoman-Turkish+Civilisation"><i>The Great Ottoman-Turkish Civilisation</i></a>. University of Michigan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-6782-18-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-6782-18-7"><bdi>978-975-6782-18-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713174723/https://books.google.com/books?id=c5VpAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Great+Ottoman-Turkish+Civilisation&dq=The+Great+Ottoman-Turkish+Civilisation">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-07-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Ottoman-Turkish+Civilisation&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-975-6782-18-7&rft.aulast=%C3%87i%C3%A7ek%2C+Kemal&rft.aufirst=Kuran%2C+Erc%C3%BCment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc5VpAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DThe%2BGreat%2BOttoman-Turkish%2BCivilisation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnest_Meyer,_Karl2006" class="citation book cs1">Ernest Meyer, Karl, Blair Brysac, Shareen (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ssv-GONnxTsC&q=Tournament+of+Shadows:+The+Great+Game+and+the+Race+for+Empire+in+Central+Asia"><i>Tournament of Shadows: The Great Game and the Race for Empire in Central Asia</i></a>. Basic Books. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-04576-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-04576-1"><bdi>978-0-465-04576-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713174725/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ssv-GONnxTsC&dq=Tournament+of+Shadows:+The+Great+Game+and+the+Race+for+Empire+in+Central+Asia">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-07-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tournament+of+Shadows%3A+The+Great+Game+and+the+Race+for+Empire+in+Central+Asia&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-465-04576-1&rft.aulast=Ernest+Meyer%2C+Karl&rft.aufirst=Blair+Brysac%2C+Shareen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSsv-GONnxTsC%26q%3DTournament%2Bof%2BShadows%3A%2BThe%2BGreat%2BGame%2Band%2Bthe%2BRace%2Bfor%2BEmpire%2Bin%2BCentral%2BAsia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iran-bulletin.org/ibMEF-2-completed/TheGilan+Republic.htm">"The Gilan Republic"</a>. <i>www.iran-bulletin.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iran-bulletin.org&rft.atitle=The+Gilan+Republic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iran-bulletin.org%2FibMEF-2-completed%2FTheGilan%2BRepublic.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jessup-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jessup_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJessup1989" class="citation book cs1">Jessup, John E. (1989). <i>A Chronology of Conflict and Resolution, 1945–1985</i>. New York: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-24308-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-24308-5"><bdi>0-313-24308-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Chronology+of+Conflict+and+Resolution%2C+1945%E2%80%931985&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-313-24308-5&rft.aulast=Jessup&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2018)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For more information see: Ali Morshedizad, Roshanfekrane Azari va Hoviyate Melli va Ghomi (Azari Intellectuals and Their Attitude to National and Ethnic Identity (Tehran: Nashr-e Markaz publishing co., 1380)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100715220624/http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=va2.browse&sort=Collection&item=1945-46%20Iranian%20Crisis">"Cold War International History Project Virtual Archive 2.0 Collection: 1945–46 Iranian Crisis"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=va2.browse&sort=Collection&item=1945%2D46%20Iranian%20Crisis">the original</a> on July 15, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cold+War+International+History+Project+Virtual+Archive+2.0+Collection%3A+1945%E2%80%9346+Iranian+Crisis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wilsoncenter.org%2Findex.cfm%3Ftopic_id%3D1409%26fuseaction%3Dva2.browse%26sort%3DCollection%26item%3D1945%252D46%2520Iranian%2520Crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleiss" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kleiss, Wolfram. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azerbaijan-monuments">"AZERBAIJAN xii. MONUMENTS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121205180313/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azerbaijan-monuments">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-12-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=AZERBAIJAN+xii.+MONUMENTS&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.aulast=Kleiss&rft.aufirst=Wolfram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fazerbaijan-monuments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Azerbaijan-Britannica-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Azerbaijan-Britannica_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Azerbaijan-Britannica_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Azerbaijan-region-Iran">"Azerbaijan"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. 2019-10-06. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200420212241/https://www.britannica.com/place/Azerbaijan-region-Iran">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-04-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Azerbaijan&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2019-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FAzerbaijan-region-Iran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span> (excerpt:"geographic region that comprises the extreme northwestern portion of Iran. It is bounded on the north by the Aras River, which separates it from independent Azerbaijan and Armenia; on the east by the Iranian region of Gīlān and the Caspian Sea; on the south by the Iranian regions of Zanjān and Kordestān; and on the west by Iraq and Turkey. Azerbaijan is about 40,000 square miles (100,000 square km) in area.")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranica.com/articles/ot_grp5/ot_archeology_viii_20040616.html">M. N. POGREBOVA, Encyclopædia Iranica, ARCHEOLOGY. viii. NORTHERN AZERBAIJAN (REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN), 16 June 2004</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060324004715/http://www.iranica.com/articles/ot_grp5/ot_archeology_viii_20040616.html">Archived</a> March 24, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-peaklist-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-peaklist_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/iran.html">"Iran: 54 Mountain Summits with Prominence of 1,500 meters or greater"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190507014126/http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/iran.html">Archived</a> 2019-05-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Peaklist.org. Retrieved 2011-11-21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090925062937/http://www.tabrizmount.com/comments.aspx?id=4">"East Azerbaijan Mountaineering Confederation"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tabrizmount.com/comments.aspx?id=4">the original</a> on September 25, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=East+Azerbaijan+Mountaineering+Confederation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tabrizmount.com%2Fcomments.aspx%3Fid%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Geographic Society (2005) <i>National Geographic Atlas of the World</i> (8th ed.) Washington, DC, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7922-7542-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7922-7542-X">0-7922-7542-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090605225251/http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=IRA+01&mode=all">"Profile at UNESCO biosphere reserve directory"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=IRA+01&mode=all">the original</a> on June 5, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profile+at+UNESCO+biosphere+reserve+directory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fmabdb%2Fbr%2Fbrdir%2Fdirectory%2Fbiores.asp%3Fcode%3DIRA%2B01%26mode%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/619901/Lake-Urmia">"Britanica"</a>. <i>Britannica.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110907004058/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/619901/Lake-Urmia">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Britanica&rft.btitle=Britannica.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F619901%2FLake-Urmia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trip-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trip_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tripadvisor.in/Attraction_Review-g680027-d1954237-Reviews-Shorabil_Lake-Ardabil_Ardabil_Province.html">"Shorabil Lake"</a>. tripadvisor.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019113220/http://www.tripadvisor.in/Attraction_Review-g680027-d1954237-Reviews-Shorabil_Lake-Ardabil_Ardabil_Province.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shorabil+Lake&rft.pub=tripadvisor.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tripadvisor.in%2FAttraction_Review-g680027-d1954237-Reviews-Shorabil_Lake-Ardabil_Ardabil_Province.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTapper" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Tapper, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mogan-parent-i-ii">"MOḠĀN"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130313023201/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mogan-parent-i-ii">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-03-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=MO%E1%B8%A0%C4%80N&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.aulast=Tapper&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fmogan-parent-i-ii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190130073207/http://www.a-gharbi.rmto.ir/NewSite/English/Include/ShowTab.asp?qsTab=1">"خطا"</a>. <i>www.a-gharbi.rmto.ir</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.a-gharbi.rmto.ir/NewSite/English/Include/ShowTab.asp?qsTab=1">the original</a> on 2019-01-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.a-gharbi.rmto.ir&rft.atitle=%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.a-gharbi.rmto.ir%2FNewSite%2FEnglish%2FInclude%2FShowTab.asp%3FqsTab%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zamaneh-death-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zamaneh-death_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930022401/http://www.radiozamaneh.org/news/2007/07/post_2044.html">"The chairman of the Assembly of Experts died"</a> (in Persian). Radio Zamaneh. 2007-08-30. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radiozamaneh.org/news/2007/07/post_2044.html">the original</a> on 2007-09-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+chairman+of+the+Assembly+of+Experts+died&rft.pub=Radio+Zamaneh&rft.date=2007-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiozamaneh.org%2Fnews%2F2007%2F07%2Fpost_2044.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.trend.az/other/commentary/2679141.html">"Iranian Turks' new parliamentary faction breaking more taboos"</a>. en.trend.az. 31 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161103102827/http://en.trend.az/other/commentary/2679141.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iranian+Turks%27+new+parliamentary+faction+breaking+more+taboos&rft.date=2016-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.trend.az%2Fother%2Fcommentary%2F2679141.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=13910330000536">"جدول مدارک تحصیلی و سوابق اجرایی اعضای 14 کمیسیون‌ مجلس نهم"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fars_News_Agency" title="Fars News Agency">Fars News Agency</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171230100403/http://www.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=13910330000536">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fars+News+Agency&rft.atitle=%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84+%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9+%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B5%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82+%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C+14+%DA%A9%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%E2%80%8C+%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3+%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.farsnews.ir%2Fnewstext.php%3Fnn%3D13910330000536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hamshahrionline.ir/details/227147">News</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170720064225/http://www.hamshahrionline.ir/details/227147">Archived</a> 2017-07-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Hamshahri Online</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020043658/http://www.mojnews.com/en/Miscellaneous/ViewContents.aspx?Contract=cms_Contents_I_News&r=1229674">"15 of 18 Proposed Iranian Cabinet Ministers Devoted by Parliament"</a>. <i>Mojnews</i>. 16 August 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mojnews.com/en/Miscellaneous/ViewContents.aspx?Contract=cms_Contents_I_News&r=1229674">the original</a> on 20 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mojnews&rft.atitle=15+of+18+Proposed+Iranian+Cabinet+Ministers+Devoted+by+Parliament&rft.date=2013-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mojnews.com%2Fen%2FMiscellaneous%2FViewContents.aspx%3FContract%3Dcms_Contents_I_News%26r%3D1229674&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.de/%D8%B4%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B4%D8%AF/a-17145729">"شهیندخت مولاوردی، معاون حسن روحانی در امور زنان شد"</a>. <i>Persian <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i>. 13 August 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150610200140/http://www.dw.de/%D8%B4%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B4%D8%AF/a-17145729">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Persian+Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=%D8%B4%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%AA+%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%8C+%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86+%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1+%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%B4%D8%AF&rft.date=2013-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.de%2F%25D8%25B4%25D9%2587%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25AE%25D8%25AA-%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C-%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D9%2586-%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B3%25D9%2586-%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C-%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25B2%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AF%2Fa-17145729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.ir/en/72201">"Ms Molaverdi appointed as vice president for women, family Affairs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/President_of_Iran" title="President of Iran">President of Iran</a> Website. 13 August 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181125115845/http://www.president.ir/en/72201">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ms+Molaverdi+appointed+as+vice+president+for+women%2C+family+Affairs&rft.date=2013-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.president.ir%2Fen%2F72201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tabriz.isna.ir/default.aspx?NSID=5&SSLID=46&NID=4916">"تبریز، میهمان رئیس جمهور ترکیه"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Students_News_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Students News Agency">ISNA</a>. 17 February 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020072727/http://tabriz.isna.ir/default.aspx?NSID=5&SSLID=46&NID=4916">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%8C+%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3+%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1+%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87&rft.pub=ISNA&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftabriz.isna.ir%2Fdefault.aspx%3FNSID%3D5%26SSLID%3D46%26NID%3D4916&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923175416/http://www.asromid.com/Default.aspx?tabid=1582&articleType=ArticleView&articleId=1531105">"مهمت بولوت سرکنسول جدید ترکیه در ارومیه ، با استاندار دیدار کرد"</a>. Asar-e Omid News Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asromid.com/Default.aspx?tabid=1582&articleType=ArticleView&articleId=1531105">the original</a> on 2015-09-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA+%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF+%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87+%D8%8C+%D8%A8%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1+%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF&rft.pub=Asar-e+Omid+News+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asromid.com%2FDefault.aspx%3Ftabid%3D1582%26articleType%3DArticleView%26articleId%3D1531105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://president.az/articles/364">"Ə.F.Əlizadənin İran İslam Respublikasının Təbriz şəhərində Azərbaycan Respublikasının baş konsulu təyin edilməsi haqqında Azərbaycan Respublikası Prezidentinin Sərəncamı"</a>. <a href="/wiki/President_of_Azerbaijan" title="President of Azerbaijan">Presidential Azerbaijan</a> Website. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020062358/http://president.az/articles/364">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C6%8F.F.%C6%8Flizad%C9%99nin+%C4%B0ran+%C4%B0slam+Respublikas%C4%B1n%C4%B1n+T%C9%99briz+%C5%9F%C9%99h%C9%99rind%C9%99+Az%C9%99rbaycan+Respublikas%C4%B1n%C4%B1n+ba%C5%9F+konsulu+t%C9%99yin+edilm%C9%99si+haqq%C4%B1nda+Az%C9%99rbaycan+Respublikas%C4%B1+Prezidentinin+S%C9%99r%C9%99ncam%C4%B1&rft.pub=Presidential+Azerbaijan+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpresident.az%2Farticles%2F364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nasrnews.ir/News/tabid/243/ArticleID/57457/%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF">"دبیر اجرایی خانه کارگر تبریز: برندهای معتبر بزرگترین سرمایه کشورها هستند"</a>. Nasr News. 15 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1+%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%3A+%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1+%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86+%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87+%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7+%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF&rft.date=2016-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnasrnews.ir%2FNews%2Ftabid%2F243%2FArticleID%2F57457%2F%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25DB%258C-%25D8%25AE%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2587-%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25B2-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C-%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B2%25D8%25B1%25DA%25AF%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D9%2586-%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B1%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D9%2587-%25DA%25A9%25D8%25B4%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7-%25D9%2587%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1395/07/04/1196101/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%88-%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%88-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C-%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF">"برندهای برتر تولید و خدمات شمال غرب کشور انتخاب و معرفی می‌شوند"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tasnim_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasnim News">Tasnim News</a>. September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227032902/https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1395/07/04/1196101/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%88-%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%88-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C-%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1+%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF+%D9%88+%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8+%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D9%88+%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C+%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF&rft.date=2016-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tasnimnews.com%2Ffa%2Fnews%2F1395%2F07%2F04%2F1196101%2F%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25AF-%25D9%2588-%25D8%25AE%25D8%25AF%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25B4%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584-%25D8%25BA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8-%25DA%25A9%25D8%25B4%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AE%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8-%25D9%2588-%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D9%2581%25DB%258C-%25D9%2585%25DB%258C-%25D8%25B4%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nasrnews.ir/News/tabid/243/ArticleID/58342/500-%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87-%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C">"500 غول اقتصاد منطقه آذربایجان معرفی شدند+اسامی"</a>. Nasr News. September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=500+%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87+%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C+%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF%2B%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C&rft.date=2016-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnasrnews.ir%2FNews%2Ftabid%2F243%2FArticleID%2F58342%2F500-%25D8%25BA%25D9%2588%25D9%2584-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B5%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF-%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25B7%25D9%2582%25D9%2587-%25D8%25A2%25D8%25B0%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D9%2581%25DB%258C-%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25DB%258C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iran-daily-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iran-daily_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iran-daily_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iran-daily_76-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iran-daily.com/1389/4/13/MainPaper/3720/Page/4/Index.htm">"Irandaily | No. 3720 | Domestic Economy | Page 4"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629172841/http://www.iran-daily.com/1389/4/13/MainPaper/3720/Page/4/Index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-06-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Irandaily+%26%23124%3B+No.+3720+%26%23124%3B+Domestic+Economy+%26%23124%3B+Page+4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iran-daily.com%2F1389%2F4%2F13%2FMainPaper%2F3720%2FPage%2F4%2FIndex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ws-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ws_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ws_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ws_77-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itm.co.ir/ERP/ERP_Systems/Site/UserFiles/file/6081/en/01016081Index-en.aspx">Official website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722014340/http://www.itm.co.ir/ERP/ERP_Systems/Site/UserFiles/file/6081/en/01016081Index-en.aspx">Archived</a> 2011-07-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110420140856/http://www.goldstoneir.com/English/index.php">"Goldstone Tire"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goldstoneir.com/English/index.php">the original</a> on 2011-04-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Goldstone+Tire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goldstoneir.com%2FEnglish%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713054415/http://www.iranexportsmagazine.com/Archive/mag%2066/industry66.html">"Industry"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C+%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA+%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%2B%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1&rft.pub=Mashregh+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mashreghnews.ir%2Ffa%2Fnews%2F355508%2F%25D8%25AE%25D9%2588%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25DB%258C-%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C%25D9%2586-%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AA-%25D9%25BE%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B5%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019144807/http://www.ikco.com/en/Product.aspx?ID=86&Section=1">"Bardo"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Iran_Khodro" title="Iran Khodro">Iran Khodro</a> Website. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ikco.com/en/Product.aspx?ID=86&Section=1">the original</a> on 2013-10-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bardo&rft.pub=Iran+Khodro+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ikco.com%2Fen%2FProduct.aspx%3FID%3D86%26Section%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=13940430000916">"آغاز تولید سمند در ایران خودرو تبریز/ تولید روزانه حدود 150 دستگاه آریسان و 100 دستگاه سمند"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fars_News_Agency" title="Fars News Agency">Fars News Agency</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150722144459/http://www.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=13940430000916">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A2%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2+%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF+%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88+%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%2F+%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF+%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87+%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF+150+%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87+%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%88+100+%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87+%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF&rft.pub=Fars+News+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.farsnews.ir%2Fnewstext.php%3Fnn%3D13940430000916&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=8709131714">"احداث موزه فرش و ايجاد پايانه صادراتي فرش در تبريز"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fars_News_Agency" title="Fars News Agency">Fars News Agency</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019144614/http://farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=8709131714">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AB+%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87+%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B4+%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87+%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A+%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B4+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2&rft.pub=Fars+News+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffarsnews.ir%2Fnewstext.php%3Fnn%3D8709131714&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Along with Kashan, Kerman, Herat, and every major city of Iran...</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacoby1952" class="citation book cs1">Jacoby, Heinrich (1952). <i>How to know Oriental carpets and rugs</i>. Allen & Unwin. p. 15. <q>Persian carpets: Tabriz, Ramadan, ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+know+Oriental+carpets+and+rugs&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Jacoby&rft.aufirst=Heinrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobsen2007" class="citation book cs1">Jacobsen, Charles W. (2007). <i>Facts about Oriental Rugs</i>. READ BOOKS. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4067-0467-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4067-0467-9"><bdi>978-1-4067-0467-9</bdi></a>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Different weaves...Persian rugs..Bakhtiari..Kashan..Lorestan..Shiraz..Tabriz..</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Facts+about+Oriental+Rugs&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=READ+BOOKS&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4067-0467-9&rft.aulast=Jacobsen&rft.aufirst=Charles+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karadagh_rug-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Karadagh_rug_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/312018/Karaja-rug">"Karaja rug"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Britannica_Encyclopaedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Britannica Encyclopaedia">Britannica Encyclopaedia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131018035207/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/312018/Karaja-rug">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Karaja+rug&rft.pub=Britannica+Encyclopaedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F312018%2FKaraja-rug&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160625054633/http://donya-e-eqtesad.com/news/627516/">"استان‌های آذری نشین قطب تولید شیرینی و شکلات کشور"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Donya-e-Eqtesad" title="Donya-e-Eqtesad">Donya-e-Eqtesad</a>. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://donya-e-eqtesad.com/news/627516/">the original</a> on 25 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86+%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A8+%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF+%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C+%D9%88+%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA+%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdonya-e-eqtesad.com%2Fnews%2F627516%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.magiran.com/npview.asp?ID=3023167">"غول صنعتي "مينو" بورسي مي شود"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Donya-e-Eqtesad" title="Donya-e-Eqtesad">Donya-e-Eqtesad</a>. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211202144942/http://www.magiran.com/article/3023167">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%8A+%22%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%22+%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A+%D9%85%D9%8A+%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AF&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.magiran.com%2Fnpview.asp%3FID%3D3023167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">V. Minorsky, <i>Studies in Caucasian History</i>, Cambridge University Press, 1957, p. 112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Minority_Rights-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Minority_Rights_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=5096">"Azeris"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Minority_Rights_Group_International" title="Minority Rights Group International">Minority Rights Group International</a>. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053530/http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=5096">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Azeris&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minorityrights.org%2F%3Flid%3D5096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_America_Foundation-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-New_America_Foundation_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723044939/http://www.terrorfreetomorrow.org/upimagestft/TFT%20Iran%20Survey%20Report%200609.pdf">"Results a new nationwide public opinion survey of Iran"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/New_America_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="New America Foundation">New America Foundation</a>. June 12, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terrorfreetomorrow.org/upimagestft/TFT%20Iran%20Survey%20Report%200609.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Results+a+new+nationwide+public+opinion+survey+of+Iran&rft.date=2009-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.terrorfreetomorrow.org%2Fupimagestft%2FTFT%2520Iran%2520Survey%2520Report%25200609.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibrary_of_Congress" class="citation web cs1">Library of Congress, Library of Congress – Federal Research Division. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Iran.pdf">"Ethnic Groups and Languages of Iran"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120130153236/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Iran.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2012-01-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-12-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Groups+and+Languages+of+Iran&rft.aulast=Library+of+Congress&rft.aufirst=Library+of+Congress+%E2%80%93+Federal+Research+Division&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Ffrd%2Fcs%2Fprofiles%2FIran.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span> 16% estimated in 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_World_Factbook_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCIA" class="citation web cs1">CIA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/">"CIA World Factbook"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210110162554/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-01-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.au=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Firan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iranica-Iran-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Iranica-Iran_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-v1-peoples-survey">"IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (1) A General Survey"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>. March 29, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190517075943/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-v1-peoples-survey">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=IRAN+v.+PEOPLES+OF+IRAN+%281%29+A+General+Survey&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.date=2012-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Firan-v1-peoples-survey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ethnologue-Azb-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue-Azb_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/azb">"Azerbaijani, South # A language of Iran"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a>. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191214161342/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/azb">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Azerbaijani%2C+South+%23+A+language+of+Iran&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fazb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-Azerbaijani-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica-Azerbaijani_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/46833/Azerbaijani">"Azerbaijani"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006093258/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/46833/Azerbaijani">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Azerbaijani&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F46833%2FAzerbaijani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shaffer-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shaffer_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brenda Shaffer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uEOd-cDWVwQC&pg=PA229"><i>The Limits of Culture: Islam and Foreign Policy</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170321184644/https://books.google.com/books?id=uEOd-cDWVwQC&pg=PA229">Archived</a> 2017-03-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> MIT Press, 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0262195291" title="Special:BookSources/0262195291">0262195291</a> p 229</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keith Stanley McLachlan, <i>The Boundaries of Modern Iran</i>, Published by UCL Press, 1994. pg 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Iranica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Iranica">Encyclopaedia Iranica</a></i>, page 243, accessed January 9, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParviz_Aḏkāʾi_and_EIr" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Parviz Aḏkāʾi and EIr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hamadan-i#">"HAMADĀN i. GEOGRAPHY"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017025643/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hamadan-i">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=HAMAD%C4%80N+i.+GEOGRAPHY&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.au=Parviz+A%E1%B8%8Fk%C4%81%CA%BEi+and+EIr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fhamadan-i%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hamadan-Governor-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hamadan-Governor_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamadan-Governor_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hamedan-hm.ir/fa/showpages.aspx?mid=NDg=&spi=Mw==">"زبانهاي رايج و نوع گويش در شهرستان"</a>. Governor of <a href="/wiki/Hamadan" title="Hamadan">Hamadan</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131101133427/http://hamedan-hm.ir/fa/showpages.aspx?mid=NDg=&spi=Mw==">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A+%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AC+%D9%88+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9+%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B4+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhamedan-hm.ir%2Ffa%2Fshowpages.aspx%3Fmid%3DNDg%3D%26spi%3DMw%3D%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis_105-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis_105-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis_105-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis_105-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis_105-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis_105-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis_105-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0KOSUrLPC6IC&q=majority+of+the+population+of+East+Azarbaijan+and+a+majority+of+West+Azarbaijan.&pg=PA152">"Country Study Guide-Azerbaijanis"</a>. STRATEGIC INFORMATION AND DEVELOPMENTS-USA. 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739714768" title="Special:BookSources/9780739714768"><bdi>9780739714768</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Country+Study+Guide-Azerbaijanis&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780739714768&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0KOSUrLPC6IC%26q%3Dmajority%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bpopulation%2Bof%2BEast%2BAzarbaijan%2Band%2Ba%2Bmajority%2Bof%2BWest%2BAzarbaijan.%26pg%3DPA152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iran-Azerbaijanis-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iran-Azerbaijanis_106-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iran-Azerbaijanis_106-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iran-Azerbaijanis_106-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iran-Azerbaijanis_106-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iran-Azerbaijanis_106-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iran-Azerbaijanis_106-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iran-Azerbaijanis_106-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iran-Azerbaijanis_106-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ir0052)">"Iran-Azerbaijanis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies" title="Library of Congress Country Studies">Library of Congress Country Studies</a>. December 1987. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200125044513/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+ir0052%29">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iran-Azerbaijanis&rft.date=1987-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fr%3Ffrd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID%2Bir0052%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://markazi.farhang.gov.ir/fa/moarefi">"معرفی استان مرکزی"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Islamic_Guidance_(Iran)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance (Iran)">Office of Culture and Islamic Guidance</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130225045957/http://markazi.farhang.gov.ir/fa/moarefi">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2%DB%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarkazi.farhang.gov.ir%2Ffa%2Fmoarefi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/322153/Kordestan">"Kordestān"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131022020507/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/322153/Kordestan">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kordest%C4%81n&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F322153%2FKordestan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBazin" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bazin, Marcel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-i-geography">"GĪLĀN i. GEOGRAPHY AND ETHNOGRAPHY"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131013205130/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-i-geography">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=G%C4%AAL%C4%80N+i.+GEOGRAPHY+AND+ETHNOGRAPHY&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.aulast=Bazin&rft.aufirst=Marcel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fgilan-i-geography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParviz_Aḏkāʾi_and_EIr" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Parviz Aḏkāʾi and EIr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-xiv-ethnic-groups">"GILĀN xiv. Ethnic Groups"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131016131154/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilan-xiv-ethnic-groups">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=GIL%C4%80N+xiv.+Ethnic+Groups&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.au=Parviz+A%E1%B8%8Fk%C4%81%CA%BEi+and+EIr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fgilan-xiv-ethnic-groups&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Knüppel" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Michael Knüppel, E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/turkic-languages-overview">"Turkic languages of persia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110429200115/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/turkic-languages-overview">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-04-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Turkic+languages+of+persia&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.aulast=Michael+Kn%C3%BCppel&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fturkic-languages-overview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson,_Lawrence_R.2002" class="citation book cs1">Robertson, Lawrence R. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ye1oAAAAMAAJ"><i>Russia & Eurasia Facts & Figures Annual</i></a>. Academic International Press. p. 210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87569-199-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-87569-199-4"><bdi>0-87569-199-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320162646/http://books.google.com/books?id=ye1oAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-03-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia+%26+Eurasia+Facts+%26+Figures+Annual&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Academic+International+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87569-199-4&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Lawrence+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dye1oAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014001300/http://iqna.ir/ardebil/news_detail.php?ProdID=545484">"Bileh Savar"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Islamica" title="Encyclopaedia Islamica">Encyclopaedia Islamica</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iqna.ir/ardebil/news_detail.php?ProdID=545484">the original</a> on 2013-10-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bileh+Savar&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Islamica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiqna.ir%2Fardebil%2Fnews_detail.php%3FProdID%3D545484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150120023145/http://www.encyclopaediaislamica.com/madkhal2.php?sid=2523">"برگزاری جشن "وحدت" در شهر اهل تسنن هشتجین"</a>. <i>International Quran News Agency</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Quran+News+Agency&rft.atitle=%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86+%22%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AA%22+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84+%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopaediaislamica.com%2Fmadkhal2.php%3Fsid%3D2523&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHun" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hun, Abubakr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urmu.freeoda.com/meqaleler/tokhaye_sonni_azerbaijan_gharbi.htm">"ترکهای سنّی آذربایجان غربی قربانیان تبعیض مضاعف"</a>. <i>urmu.freeoda</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131007065535/http://urmu.freeoda.com/meqaleler/tokhaye_sonni_azerbaijan_gharbi.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%91%DB%8C+%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C+%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B6+%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%81&rft.btitle=urmu.freeoda&rft.aulast=Hun&rft.aufirst=Abubakr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furmu.freeoda.com%2Fmeqaleler%2Ftokhaye_sonni_azerbaijan_gharbi.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emigration-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emigration_116-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emigration_116-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emigration_116-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emigration_116-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTapper" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Tapper, R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azerbaijan-vi">"AZERBAIJAN vi. Population and its Occupations and Culture"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130322101157/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azerbaijan-vi">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=AZERBAIJAN+vi.+Population+and+its+Occupations+and+Culture&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.aulast=Tapper&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fazerbaijan-vi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://khabarfarsi.com/ext/3881782">"Mourning Azerbaijanis residing in Mashhad"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mehr_News_Agency" title="Mehr News Agency">Mehr News Agency</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mourning+Azerbaijanis+residing+in+Mashhad&rft.date=2011-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkhabarfarsi.com%2Fext%2F3881782&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921094245/http://en.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=98">"Tehran, Political situation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Tehran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Tehran">Municipality of Tehran</a>. 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Hamshahri Online. 11 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130914032508/http://www.hamshahrionline.ir/details/230754">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-09-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%B1%D8%A7+%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84+%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA&rft.pub=Hamshahri+Online&rft.date=2013-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhamshahrionline.ir%2Fdetails%2F230754&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mehrnews.com/detail/News/2131744">"سید حسین هاشمی استاندار تهران شد"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mehr_News_Agency" title="Mehr News Agency">Mehr News Agency</a>. 8 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140729173205/http://www.mehrnews.com/detail/News/2131744">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-07-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF+%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%B4%D8%AF&rft.pub=Mehr+News+Agency&rft.date=2013-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mehrnews.com%2Fdetail%2FNews%2F2131744&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070814165654/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=26910">"Azeris unhappy at being butt of national jokes"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asia+Times&rft.atitle=Middle+East+%7C+Iran+at+sea+over+Azerbaijan&rft.date=2004-09-28&rft.aulast=Abedin&rft.aufirst=Mahan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Fatimes%2FMiddle_East%2FFI28Ak01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_population_of_Iranian_cities-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_population_of_Iranian_cities_124-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_population_of_Iranian_cities_124-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_population_of_Iranian_cities_124-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_population_of_Iranian_cities_124-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_population_of_Iranian_cities_124-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_population_of_Iranian_cities_124-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_population_of_Iranian_cities_124-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_population_of_Iranian_cities_124-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_population_of_Iranian_cities_124-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_population_of_Iranian_cities_124-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201839/http://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/2/census-90/shahrestanha-jamiat-90.xlsx">"The population of Iranian cities"</a>. 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June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140815041652/http://www.jamejamonline.ir/NewsPreview/1549246292375749350">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140623191332/http://www.hamshahrionline.ir/details/263382/Iran/-provinces">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1+%D8%A8%D9%87+%DB%B5+%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87+%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85+%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF&rft.date=2014-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hamshahrionline.ir%2Fdetails%2F263382%2FIran%2F-provinces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.entekhab.ir/fa/news/168273/استان‌های-کشور-به-۵-منطقه-تقسیم-شدند">"استان‌های کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند"</a>. Entekhab Online. July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140718031352/http://www.entekhab.ir/fa/news/168273/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%87-%DB%B5-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1+%D8%A8%D9%87+%DB%B5+%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87+%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85+%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF&rft.date=2014-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.entekhab.ir%2Ffa%2Fnews%2F168273%2F%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%87-%DB%B5-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khabaronline.ir/detail/361714/Politics/government">"ایران، فدرال می شود؟ تقسیم کشور به 5 منطقه مستقل"</a>. Khabar-Online. July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808041108/http://www.khabaronline.ir/detail/361714/Politics/government">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%8C+%D9%81%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84+%D9%85%DB%8C+%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%9F+%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85+%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1+%D8%A8%D9%87+5+%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87+%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84&rft.date=2014-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khabaronline.ir%2Fdetail%2F361714%2FPolitics%2Fgovernment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamejamonline.ir/NewsPreview/1541246114000873209">"استانهای کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jaam-e_Jam_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaam-e Jam (newspaper)">Jamejam</a> Online. July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140815041630/http://www.jamejamonline.ir/NewsPreview/1541246114000873209">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1+%D8%A8%D9%87+%DB%B5+%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87+%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85+%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF&rft.date=2014-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jamejamonline.ir%2FNewsPreview%2F1541246114000873209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/4882045/استانهای-کشور-به-5-منطقه-تقسیم-شدند">"استانهای کشور به 5 منطقه تقسیم شدند"</a>. yjc. July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140625031637/http://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/4882045/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%87-5-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1+%D8%A8%D9%87+5+%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87+%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85+%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF&rft.date=2014-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yjc.ir%2Ffa%2Fnews%2F4882045%2F%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%87-5-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Azeri_Turkish_Literature-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Azeri_Turkish_Literature_132-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Azeri_Turkish_Literature_132-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azerbaijan-x">"AZERBAIJAN x. Azeri Turkish Literature"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Iranica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Iranica">Encyclopaedia Iranica</a></i>. May 24, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121031031857/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azerbaijan-x">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=AZERBAIJAN+x.+Azeri+Turkish+Literature&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.date=2012-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fazerbaijan-x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Minorsky, V. "Jihān-Shāh Qara-Qoyunlu and His Poetry (Turkmenica, 9)", <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London</i>, Vol. 16, No. 2 (1954), p. 277</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cyril_Glassé_2003,_pg_392-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cyril_Glassé_2003,_pg_392_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cyril Glassé (ed.), <i>The New Encyclopedia of Islam</i>, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, revised ed., 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7591-0190-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7591-0190-6">0-7591-0190-6</a>, p. 392: "Shah Abbas moved his capital from <a href="/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin">Qazvin</a> to <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a>. His reign marked the peak of the Safavid dynasty's achievement in art, diplomacy, and commerce. It was probably around this time that the court, which originally spoke a Turkic language, began to use Persian"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zabiollah Safa (1986), "Persian Literature in the Safavid Period", The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 6: The Timurid and Safavid Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-20094-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-20094-6">0-521-20094-6</a>, pp. 948–65. P. 950: "In day-to-day affairs, the language chiefly used at the Safavid court and by the great military and political officers, as well as the religious dignitaries, was Turkish, not Persian; and the last class of persons wrote their religious works mainly in Arabic. Those who wrote in Persian were either lacking in proper tuition in this tongue or wrote outside Iran and hence at a distance from centers where Persian was the accepted vernacular, endued with that vitality and susceptibility to skill in its use which a language can have only in places where it truly belongs."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-price-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-price_136-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice2005" class="citation book cs1">Price, Massoume (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gzpdq679oJwC&pg=PA66"><i>Iran's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-993-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-993-5"><bdi>978-1-57607-993-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151025134615/https://books.google.com/books?id=gzpdq679oJwC&pg=PA66">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-10-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-20</span></span>. <q>The Shah was a native Turkic speaker and wrote poetry in the Azerbaijani language.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran%27s+Diverse+Peoples%3A+A+Reference+Sourcebook&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-993-5&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Massoume&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgzpdq679oJwC%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amanat-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Amanat_137-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbas_Amanat2017" class="citation book cs1">Abbas Amanat (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=omo3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA60"><i>Iran: A Modern History</i></a>. p. 60. <q>A book of Turkish poetry, under the curious pen name Khata'i (presumably someone from "Cathay," today's China), was most likely composed by Isma'il for his Turkmen followers as inspirational literature.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran%3A+A+Modern+History&rft.pages=60&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Abbas+Amanat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Domo3DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Obastan-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Obastan_138-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"XƏTAİ". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obastan.com/x%C9%99tai/545391"><i>Azərbaycan kişi adlarının izahlı lüğəti</i></a> (in Azerbaijani). <q>məşhur Azərbaycan şairi və dövlət xadimi Şah İsmayılın bu təxəllüsü tədqiqatlarda "Xətay, Kitay türklərindən olan", "xəta törədən, əlindən xəta çıxan" və "Allah, Tanrı" kimi izah edilir. Çinin ən qədim adı olan "Kitay", "ki" od, Günəş, "tay" dağ sözlərindən düzəlmiş, "Günəşli dağ" və ya "Günəşli ölkə" mənasında işlənir. Zənnimizcə, Ş[ah] İ[smayıl] Xətainin Kitay türklərindən olması ehtimalı daha düzgündür.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=X%C6%8FTA%C4%B0&rft.btitle=Az%C9%99rbaycan+ki%C5%9Fi+adlar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n+izahl%C4%B1+l%C3%BC%C4%9F%C9%99ti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobastan.com%2Fx%25C9%2599tai%2F545391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-minorsky1-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-minorsky1_139-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinorsky1942" class="citation journal cs1">Minorsky, Vladimir (1942). "The Poetry of Shah Ismail". <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London</i>. <b>10</b> (4): 1053. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0041977X00090182">10.1017/S0041977X00090182</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159929872">159929872</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies%2C+University+of+London&rft.atitle=The+Poetry+of+Shah+Ismail&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1053&rft.date=1942&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0041977X00090182&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159929872%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Minorsky&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/642">"World Heritage Committee inscribes seven cultural sites on World Heritage List"</a>. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 31 July 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100804040658/https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/642">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Heritage+Committee+inscribes+seven+cultural+sites+on+World+Heritage+List&rft.pub=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.date=2010-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2F642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1346">"Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex"</a>. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180706022511/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1346">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tabriz+Historic+Bazaar+Complex&rft.pub=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1345">"Sheikh Safi al-din Khānegāh and Shrine Ensemble in Ardabil – UNESCO World Heritage Centre"</a>. Whc.unesco.org. 2010-07-29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180706024128/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1345">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-07-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sheikh+Safi+al-din+Kh%C4%81neg%C4%81h+and+Shrine+Ensemble+in+Ardabil+%E2%80%93+UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.pub=Whc.unesco.org&rft.date=2010-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSource:_Unescopress" class="citation web cs1">Source: Unescopress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/world_heritage_committee_inscribes_seven_cultural_sites_on_world_heritage_list/">"World Heritage Committee inscribes seven cultural sites on World Heritage List | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization"</a>. Unesco.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121010173934/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/world_heritage_committee_inscribes_seven_cultural_sites_on_world_heritage_list/">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-10-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Heritage+Committee+inscribes+seven+cultural+sites+on+World+Heritage+List+%26%23124%3B+United+Nations+Educational%2C+Scientific+and+Cultural+Organization&rft.pub=Unesco.org&rft.au=Source%3A+Unescopress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fnew%2Fen%2Fmedia-services%2Fsingle-view%2Fnews%2Fworld_heritage_committee_inscribes_seven_cultural_sites_on_world_heritage_list%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuff2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Huff, Dietrich (2002-07-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/takt-e-solayman">"Taḵt-e Solaymān"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Iranica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130517045910/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/takt-e-solayman">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-05-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ta%E1%B8%B5t-e+Solaym%C4%81n&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.date=2002-07-20&rft.aulast=Huff&rft.aufirst=Dietrich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Ftakt-e-solayman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fallāḥʹfar, Saʻīd (سعید فلاح‌فر). <i>The Dictionary of Iranian Traditional Architectural Terms (Farhang-i vāzhahʹhā-yi miʻmārī-i sunnatī-i Īrān فرهنگ واژه‌های معماری سنتی ایران)</i>. Kamyab Publications (انتشارات کامیاب). Kāvushʹpardāz. 2000, 2010. Tehran. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-964-2665-60-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-964-2665-60-0">978-964-2665-60-0</a> US Library of Congress LCCN Permalink: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/2010342544">http://lccn.loc.gov/2010342544</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120713082632/http://lccn.loc.gov/2010342544">Archived</a> 2012-07-13 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> pp.16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Colin P. Mitchell (Editor), <i>New Perspectives on Safavid Iran: Empire and Society</i>, 2011, Routledge, 90–92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBasgoz1970" class="citation journal cs1">Basgoz, I (1970). "Turkish Hikaye-Telling Tradition in Azerbaijan, Iran". <i>Journal of American Folklore</i>. <b>83</b> (330): 394. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F539661">10.2307/539661</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/539661">539661</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+American+Folklore&rft.atitle=Turkish+Hikaye-Telling+Tradition+in+Azerbaijan%2C+Iran&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=330&rft.pages=394&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F539661&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F539661%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Basgoz&rft.aufirst=I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbright1976" class="citation journal cs1">Albright, C. F. (1976). "The Azerbaijani cashiq and his performance of a dästän". <i>Iranian Studies</i>. <b>9</b> (4): 220–247. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00210867608701517">10.1080/00210867608701517</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iranian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Azerbaijani+cashiq+and+his+performance+of+a+d%C3%A4st%C3%A4n&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=220-247&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00210867608701517&rft.aulast=Albright&rft.aufirst=C.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zanjan.isna.ir/Default.aspx?NSID=5&SSLID=46&NID=64641">"به دنبال مکان مناسب برای راه‌اندازی بنیاد فرهنگی آذربایجان هستیم"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Students_News_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Students News Agency">Isna</a>. 26 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161027060557/http://zanjan.isna.ir/Default.aspx?NSID=5&SSLID=46&NID=64641">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%A8%D9%87+%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84+%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8+%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C+%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C+%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85&rft.date=2016-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzanjan.isna.ir%2FDefault.aspx%3FNSID%3D5%26SSLID%3D46%26NID%3D64641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/news/asia/single-view/view/tabriz-metro-opens.html">"Tabriz Metro Opens"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421011753/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/news/asia/single-view/view/tabriz-metro-opens.html">Archived</a> 2016-04-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Railway Gazette)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Metro-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Metro_151-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017201705/http://inn.ir/NSite/FullStory/News/?Serv=8&Id=145770&Rate=0">"متروی تبریز اوایل خردادماه به راه می‌افتد"</a>. INN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inn.ir/NSite/FullStory/News/?Serv=8&Id=145770&Rate=0">the original</a> on 2013-10-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C+%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2+%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84+%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87+%D8%A8%D9%87+%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87+%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AF&rft.pub=INN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finn.ir%2FNSite%2FFullStory%2FNews%2F%3FServ%3D8%26Id%3D145770%26Rate%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/1255249/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87-3-%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1">"ایجاد رشته زبان و ادبیات آذری در منطقه 3 آموزشی کشور"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IRIB" class="mw-redirect" title="IRIB">IRIB</a>. 16 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160821035821/http://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/1255249/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87-3-%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%87+%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%88+%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87+3+%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4%DB%8C+%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1&rft.date=2016-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iribnews.ir%2Ffa%2Fnews%2F1255249%2F%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF-%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AA%25D9%2587-%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D9%2588-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25A2%25D8%25B0%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C-%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1-%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25B7%25D9%2582%25D9%2587-3-%25D8%25A2%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D8%25B2%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C-%25DA%25A9%25D8%25B4%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newspapers-Ardabil-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Newspapers-Ardabil_153-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newspapers-Ardabil_153-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ads.dabi.ir/PubsInfo.aspx?state=%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84">"لیست نشریات استان اردبيل"</a>. List of periodicals in the Iranian Provinces. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827083401/http://ads.dabi.ir/PubsInfo.aspx?state=%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA+%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fads.dabi.ir%2FPubsInfo.aspx%3Fstate%3D%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D9%2584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newspapers-Araz-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newspapers-Araz_154-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mehrnews.com/detail/News/1714252">"ارومیه فعال در حوزه مطبوعات/ انتشار اولین نشریه شهرستانی در ارومیه"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mehr_News_Agency" title="Mehr News Agency">Mehr News Agency</a>. 6 October 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012082243/http://www.mehrnews.com/detail/News/1714252">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87+%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87+%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA%2F+%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86+%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87+%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87&rft.date=2013-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mehrnews.com%2Fdetail%2FNews%2F1714252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newspapers-Zanjan-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Newspapers-Zanjan_155-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newspapers-Zanjan_155-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ads.dabi.ir/PubsInfo.aspx?state=%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86">"لیست نشریات استان زنجان"</a>. List of periodicals in the Iranian Provinces. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20131017205550/http://ads.dabi.ir/PubsInfo.aspx?state=%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA+%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fads.dabi.ir%2FPubsInfo.aspx%3Fstate%3D%25D8%25B2%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newspapers-Tabriz-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Newspapers-Tabriz_156-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newspapers-Tabriz_156-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newspapers-Tabriz_156-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newspapers-Tabriz_156-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newspapers-Tabriz_156-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newspapers-Tabriz_156-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newspapers-Tabriz_156-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newspapers-Tabriz_156-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017141141/http://www.tabriz.ir/?PageID=239">"لیست نشریات آذربایجان شرقی"</a>. <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Tabriz" title="List of mayors of Tabriz">Mayor of Tabriz</a> Website. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tabriz.ir/?PageID=239">the original</a> on 17 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA+%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tabriz.ir%2F%3FPageID%3D239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1395/07/19/1209984/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B4%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84">"برگزاری المپیاد ورزشی شمال‌غرب در اردبیل‌"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tasnim_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasnim News">Tasnim News</a>. 10 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161018222729/http://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1395/07/19/1209984/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B4%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B4%DB%8C+%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%E2%80%8C&rft.date=2016-10-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tasnimnews.com%2Ffa%2Fnews%2F1395%2F07%2F19%2F1209984%2F%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%25BE%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF-%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B2%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C-%25D8%25B4%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584-%25D8%25BA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D9%2584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisherAveryHamblyMelville1991" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, William Bayne; Avery, P.; Hambly, G. R. G; Melville, C. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H20Xt157iYUC&q=agha+muhammad+khan+invade+georgia"><i>The Cambridge History of Iran</i></a>. Vol. 7. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521200954" title="Special:BookSources/0521200954"><bdi>0521200954</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Iran&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0521200954&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=William+Bayne&rft.au=Avery%2C+P.&rft.au=Hambly%2C+G.+R.+G&rft.au=Melville%2C+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH20Xt157iYUC%26q%3Dagha%2Bmuhammad%2Bkhan%2Binvade%2Bgeorgia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzerbaijan+%28Iran%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="az:"> Azerbaijani edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="azb:"> South Azerbaijani edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060517091341/http://www.bartleby.com/65/az/AzerbjIrn.html">"Azerbaijan" (<i>Columbia Encyclopedia</i>, 6th edition; 2001–05)</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Iranian Azerbaijan</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iranian_Azerbaijan" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Iranian Azerbaijan">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Azerb%C4%81%C3%AFj%C4%81n" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Azerbāïjān">Texts</a></b> from Wikisource</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" class="extiw" title="voy:Azerbaijan (Iran)">Travel guides</a></b> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Azerbaijani_people_by_country_or_region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Azerbaijani_population" title="Template:Azerbaijani population"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Azerbaijani_population" title="Template talk:Azerbaijani population"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Azerbaijani_population" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Azerbaijani population"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Azerbaijani_people_by_country_or_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijani people by country or region</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_diaspora" title="Azerbaijani diaspora">Azerbaijani diaspora</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_population_by_urban_area" title="Azerbaijani population by urban area">Largest urban areas</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iran</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iranian Azerbaijan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borchaly_uezd" title="Borchaly uezd">Borchaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbent" title="Derbent">Derbent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Armenia" title="Azerbaijanis in Armenia">Armenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former Soviet Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Belarus" title="Azerbaijanis in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Georgia" title="Azerbaijanis in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Kazakhstan" title="Azerbaijanis in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Azerbaijanis in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Russia" title="Azerbaijanis in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Turkmenistan" title="Azerbaijanis in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Ukraine" title="Azerbaijanis in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Uzbekistan" title="Azerbaijanis in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_France" title="Azerbaijanis in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Germany" title="Azerbaijanis in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Azerbaijanis in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Turkey" title="Azerbaijanis in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Canadians" title="Azerbaijani Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Americans" title="Azerbaijani Americans">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Azerbaijani_Olympic_medalists" title="List of Azerbaijani Olympic medalists">Azerbaijani Olympic medalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Azerbaijanis" title="List of Azerbaijanis">List of Azerbaijanis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Zoroastrianism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FBEC5D;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Zoroastrianism" title="Template:Zoroastrianism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Zoroastrianism" title="Template talk:Zoroastrianism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Zoroastrianism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Zoroastrianism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Zoroastrianism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">Primary topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroaster" title="Zoroaster">Zarathustra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asha" title="Asha">Asha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vohu_Manah" title="Vohu Manah">Vohu Manah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Persia/Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faravahar" title="Faravahar">Faravahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan" title="Avestan">Avestan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:ZoroastrianismSymbolWhite.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Atar (fire)"><img alt="Atar (fire)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/ZoroastrianismSymbolWhite.PNG" decoding="async" width="151" height="194" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">Divine entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amesha_Spenta" title="Amesha Spenta">Amesha Spentas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazata" title="Yazata">Yazatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahura" title="Ahura">Ahuras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daeva" title="Daeva">Daevas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angra_Mainyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Angra Mainyu">Angra Mainyu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">Scripture and worship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avesta" title="Avesta">Avesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gathas">Gathas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashem_Vohu" title="Ashem Vohu">Ashem Vohu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahuna_Vairya" title="Ahuna Vairya">Ahuna Vairya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenghe_hatam" title="Yenghe hatam">Yenghe hatam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airyaman_ishya" title="Airyaman ishya">Airyaman ishya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_temple" title="Fire temple">Fire Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/101_Names_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="101 Names of God">101 Names of Ahura Mazda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udvada_Atash_Behram" class="mw-redirect" title="Udvada Atash Behram">Udvada Atash Behram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adur_Burzen-Mihr" title="Adur Burzen-Mihr">Adur Burzen-Mihr</a></li> <li>Adur Farnbag</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adur_Gushnasp" title="Adur Gushnasp">Adur Gushnasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_of_Kashmar" title="Cypress of Kashmar">Cypress of Kashmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasna" title="Yasna">Yasna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendidad" title="Vendidad">Vendidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visperad" title="Visperad">Visperad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasht" title="Yasht">Yashts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khordeh_Avesta" title="Khordeh Avesta">Khordeh Avesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revayats" class="mw-redirect" title="The Revayats">The Revayats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab-Zohr" title="Ab-Zohr">Ab-Zohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atash_Behram" title="Atash Behram">Atash Behram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magi" title="Magi">Magi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">Accounts and legends</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denkard" title="Denkard">Dēnkard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundahishn" title="Bundahishn">Bundahišn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Arda_Viraf" title="Book of Arda Viraf">Book of Arda Viraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamasp_Namag" title="Jamasp Namag">Book of Jamasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qissa-i_Sanjan" title="Qissa-i Sanjan">Story of Sanjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinvat_Bridge" title="Chinvat Bridge">Chinvat Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frashokereti" title="Frashokereti">Frashokereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xrafstar" title="Xrafstar">Xrafstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamistagan" title="Hamistagan">Hamistagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duzakh" title="Duzakh">Duzakh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmar" title="Kashmar">Kashmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd" title="Yazd">Yazd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">History and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsi">Parsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurvanism" title="Zurvanism">Zurvanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdakism" title="Mazdakism">Mazdakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khurramites" title="Khurramites">Khurramites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Persian_religions" title="Three Persian religions">Three Persian religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_calendar" title="Zoroastrian calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_festivals" title="Zoroastrian festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_wedding" title="Zoroastrian wedding">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Silence" title="Tower of Silence">Burial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">Adherents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Afghanistan" title="Zoroastrianism in Afghanistan">in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Armenia" title="Zoroastrianism in Armenia">in Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Zoroastrianism in Azerbaijan">in Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrianism in China">in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Sichuan" title="Zoroastrianism in Sichuan">in Sichuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_India" title="Zoroastrianism in India">in India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irani_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irani (India)">Irani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsis" title="Parsis">Parsis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Iran" title="Zoroastrianism in Iran">in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iraq#Zoroastrianism" title="Religion in Iraq">in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrianism in Pakistan">in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_the_United_States" title="Zoroastrianism in the United States">in United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrianism in Uzbekistan">in Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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