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id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=ISDB" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=ISDB" title="You're encouraged to log in; 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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Countries_and_territories_using_ISDB-T" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Countries_and_territories_using_ISDB-T"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Countries and territories using ISDB-T</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Countries_and_territories_using_ISDB-T-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Countries and territories using ISDB-T subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Countries_and_territories_using_ISDB-T-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Countries_and_territories_are_available_using_ISDB-T" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Countries_and_territories_are_available_using_ISDB-T"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Countries and territories are available using ISDB-T</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Countries_and_territories_are_available_using_ISDB-T-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Countries and territories are available using ISDB-T subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Countries_and_territories_are_available_using_ISDB-T-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Americas_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americas_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americas_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Introduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Introduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Introduction</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Introduction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Introduction subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Introduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transmission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transmission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Transmission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transmission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interaction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interaction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Interaction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interaction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interfaces_and_Encryption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interfaces_and_Encryption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Interfaces and Encryption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interfaces_and_Encryption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Receiver" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Receiver"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Receiver</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Receiver-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISDB-S" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISDB-S"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>ISDB-S</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ISDB-S-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ISDB-S subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ISDB-S-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_specification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_specification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Technical specification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_specification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Channel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Channel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Channel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Channel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISDB-S3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISDB-S3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>ISDB-S3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISDB-S3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISDB-C" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISDB-C"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>ISDB-C</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISDB-C-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISDB-T" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISDB-T"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>ISDB-T</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ISDB-T-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ISDB-T subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ISDB-T-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Adoption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adoption_by_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.1</span> <span>Adoption by country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adoption_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_specification_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_specification_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Technical specification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_specification_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Summary_of_ISDB-T" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_of_ISDB-T"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4.1</span> <span>Summary of ISDB-T</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary_of_ISDB-T-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Channel_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Channel_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Channel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Channel_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISDB-Tsb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISDB-Tsb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>ISDB-Tsb</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISDB-Tsb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISDB-Tmm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISDB-Tmm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>ISDB-Tmm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISDB-Tmm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2.6_GHz_Mobile_satellite_digital_audio/video_broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2.6_GHz_Mobile_satellite_digital_audio/video_broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>2.6 GHz Mobile satellite digital audio/video broadcasting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2.6_GHz_Mobile_satellite_digital_audio/video_broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Table_of_terrestrial_HDTV_transmission_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Table_of_terrestrial_HDTV_transmission_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Table of terrestrial HDTV transmission systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Table_of_terrestrial_HDTV_transmission_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Broadcasting" title="Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISDB-T" title="ISDB-T – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="ISDB-T" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="ISDB" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="ISDB" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="ISDB" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="ISDB" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="ISDB" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ISDB" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="ISDB" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="ISDB" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISDB-T" title="ISDB-T – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="ISDB-T" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="ISDB" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="ISDB" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="ISDB" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1198832#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Integrated_Services_Digital_Broadcasting&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting">Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Japanese standard for digital television and radio</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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For the development bank, see <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Development_Bank" title="Islamic Development Bank">Islamic Development Bank</a>. 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:180px"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background-color:#ccccff; font-size:110%">List of <a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital television</a> broadcast standards</th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-style:double none; text-align:left"> <a href="/wiki/DVB" title="DVB">DVB</a> standards <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/DVB-T#Countries_and_territories_using_DVB-T_or_DVB-T2" title="DVB-T">countries</a>)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB-T" title="DVB-T">DVB-T</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">terrestrial</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB-T2" title="DVB-T2">DVB-T2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-S" title="DVB-S">DVB-S</a> (<a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">satellite</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB-S2" title="DVB-S2">DVB-S2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-S2X" title="DVB-S2X">DVB-S2X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-C" title="DVB-C">DVB-C</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB-C#DVB-C2" title="DVB-C">DVB-C2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-H" title="DVB-H">DVB-H</a> (handheld) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB-H#DVB-NGH" title="DVB-H">DVB-NGH</a></li> <li>DVB-T2-Lite</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-SH" title="DVB-SH">DVB-SH</a> (satellite)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DVB-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DVB-I (page does not exist)">DVB-I</a> (service discovery)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-style:double none; text-align:left"> <a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC</a> standards <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards#Countries_and_territories_using_ATSC" title="ATSC standards">countries</a>)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Television_Systems_Committee_standards" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Television Systems Committee standards">ATSC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">terrestrial</a>/cable/satellite) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Television_Systems_Committee_standards#ATSC_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Television Systems Committee standards">ATSC 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_3.0" title="ATSC 3.0">ATSC 3.0</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATSC-M/H" title="ATSC-M/H">ATSC-M/H</a> (mobile/handheld)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-style:double none; text-align:left"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">ISDB</a> standards <span class="nobold">(<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Countries_and_territories_using_ISDB-T">countries</a>)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#ISDB-T">ISDB-T</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">terrestrial</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">SBTVD / ISDB-T International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">handheld</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISDB-T#ISDB-Tmm" class="mw-redirect" title="ISDB-T">ISDB-Tmm</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#ISDB-Tsb">ISDB-Tsb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_radio" title="Digital radio">radio</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MobaHo!" title="MobaHo!">MobaHo!</a> (satellite)</li></ul></li> <li>Advanced ISDB-T</li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#ISDB-S">ISDB-S</a> (<a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">satellite</a>) <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#ISDB-S3">ISDB-S3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#ISDB-C">ISDB-C</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable</a>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-style:double none; text-align:left"> <a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a> standards <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast#Countries_and_territories_using_DTMB" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">countries</a>)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a> (terrestrial/mobile) <ul><li>DTMB-A</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Multimedia_Mobile_Broadcasting" title="China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting">CMMB</a> (handheld)</li> <li>ABS-S (satellite)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-style:double none; text-align:left"> <a href="/wiki/Digital_multimedia_broadcasting" title="Digital multimedia broadcasting">DMB</a> standard <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_multimedia_broadcasting#Countries_using_DMB" title="Digital multimedia broadcasting">countries</a>)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Multimedia_Broadcasting#T-DMB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Multimedia Broadcasting">T-DMB</a> (mobile/handheld) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Multimedia_Broadcasting#HD_DMB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Multimedia Broadcasting">HD-DMB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-DMB" title="S-DMB">S-DMB</a> (satellite)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-style:double none; text-align:left"> <a href="/wiki/Video_codec" title="Video codec">Codecs</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li>Video <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">H.266/MPEG-I Part 3 VVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">H.265/MPEG-H HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">H.264/MPEG-4 AVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">MPEG-4 Part 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VC-1" title="VC-1">VC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Third_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS3/AVS3-P2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS+/AVS1-P16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS/AVS1-P2</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Audio <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H_3D_Audio" title="MPEG-H 3D Audio">MPEG-H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Third_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AV3A/AVS3-P3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">HE-AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_AC-4" title="Dolby AC-4">AC-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital_Plus" title="Dolby Digital Plus">E-AC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">AC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Resolution_Adaptation" title="Dynamic Resolution Adaptation">DRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MP2</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-style:double none; text-align:left"> Terrestrial <a href="/wiki/Radio_frequency" title="Radio frequency">Frequency bands</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Very_high_frequency" title="Very high frequency">VHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">UHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_high_frequency" title="Super high frequency">SHF</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-style:double none; text-align:left"> Satellite <a href="/wiki/Radio_spectrum" title="Radio spectrum">Frequency bands</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S_band" title="S band">S band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_band_(IEEE)" title="C band (IEEE)">C band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_band" title="Ku band">Ku band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka_band" title="Ka band">Ka band</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Digital_video_broadcast_standards" title="Template:Digital video broadcast standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Digital_video_broadcast_standards" title="Template talk:Digital video broadcast standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Digital_video_broadcast_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Digital video broadcast standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Privately_held_company" title="Privately held company">Incentive</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1981</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting</b> (<b>ISDB</b>; <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">統合デジタル放送サービス</span></span></span>, <i>Tōgō dejitaru hōsō sābisu</i>) is a Japanese broadcasting standard for <a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital television</a> (DTV) and <a href="/wiki/Digital_radio" title="Digital radio">digital radio</a>. </p><p>ISDB supersedes both the <a href="/wiki/NTSC-J" title="NTSC-J">NTSC-J</a> analog television system and the previously used <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sub-Nyquist_sampling_encoding" title="Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding">MUSE</a> Hi-vision analog HDTV system in Japan. An improved version of ISDB-T (<a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">ISDB-T International</a>) will soon replace the <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a>, <a href="/wiki/PAL-M" title="PAL-M">PAL-M</a>, and <a href="/wiki/PAL#PAL-N_(Argentina,_Paraguay_and_Uruguay)" title="PAL">PAL-N</a> broadcast standards in <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting</a> (DTTB) services using ISDB-T started in Japan in December 2003, and since then, many countries have adopted ISDB over other digital broadcasting standards. </p><p>A newer and "advanced" version of the ISDB standard (that will eventually allow up to 8K terrestrial broadcasts and 1080p mobile broadcasts via the <a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">VVC</a> codec, including <a href="/wiki/High-dynamic-range_video" class="mw-redirect" title="High-dynamic-range video">HDR</a> and <a href="/wiki/High_frame_rate" title="High frame rate">HFR</a>) is currently under development.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Countries_and_territories_using_ISDB-T">Countries and territories using ISDB-T</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Countries and territories using ISDB-T"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">ISDB-T International</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Japan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span> (officially adopted ISDB-T, started broadcasting in digital)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Maldives"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></span> (officially adopted ISDB-T)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-maldivesembassy.jp_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maldivesembassy.jp-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Sri Lanka"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></span> (officially adopted ISDB-T HD)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americas">Americas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Brazil"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></span> (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started broadcasting in digital)</li> <li><span data-sort-value="Argentina"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></span> (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started broadcasting in digital)</li> <li><span data-sort-value="Uruguay"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></span> (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started broadcasting in digital)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Peru"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></span> (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started broadcasting in digital)</li> <li><span data-sort-value="Chile"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></span> (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started broadcasting in digital)</li> <li><span data-sort-value="Venezuela"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></span> (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started broadcasting in digital)</li> <li><span data-sort-value="Ecuador"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></span> (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started broadcasting in digital)</li> <li><span data-sort-value="Costa Rica"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></span> (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started broadcasting in digital)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Paraguay"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></span> (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started broadcasting in digital)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Bolivia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></span> (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started broadcasting in digital)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Nicaragua"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></span> (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started pre-implementation stage)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Guatemala"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></span> (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started pre-implementation stage, briefly experimented with <a href="/wiki/ATSC" class="mw-redirect" title="ATSC">ATSC</a>)</li> <li><span data-sort-value="Honduras"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></span> (officially adopted ISDB-T International, briefly experimented with <a href="/wiki/ATSC" class="mw-redirect" title="ATSC">ATSC</a>, started broadcasting in digital)</li> <li><span data-sort-value="El Salvador"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></span> (officially adopted ISDB-T international, started pre-implementation stage)</li> <li><span data-sort-value="Belize"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></span> (currently assessing digital platform)</li> <li><span data-sort-value="Saint Kitts and Nevis"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></span> (officially adopted ISDB-T international, started pre-implementation stage)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Botswana"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></span> (officially adopted <a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">ISDB-T International</a> (<a href="/wiki/SBTVD" class="mw-redirect" title="SBTVD">SBTVD</a>), started pre-implementation stage)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Angola"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></span> (In 2013, decided on European digital terrestrial TV. However, Angola reviewed the adoption to ISDB-T International system in March 2019.)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Countries_and_territories_are_available_using_ISDB-T">Countries and territories are available using ISDB-T</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Countries and territories are available using ISDB-T"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americas_2">Americas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="British Virgin Islands"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Montserrat"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia_2">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="East Timor"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Laos"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Malaysia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Singapore"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Thailand"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa_2">Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Kenya"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Nigeria"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Madagascar"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Lesotho"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Zimbabwe"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Switzerland"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Turkey"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Introduction">Introduction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Introduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Digital_terrestrial_television_standards.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Digital_terrestrial_television_standards.svg/500px-Digital_terrestrial_television_standards.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Digital_terrestrial_television_standards.svg/750px-Digital_terrestrial_television_standards.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Digital_terrestrial_television_standards.svg/1000px-Digital_terrestrial_television_standards.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="286" /></a><figcaption>DTT broadcasting systems. Countries using ISDB are shown in green.</figcaption></figure> <p>ISDB is maintained by the Japanese organization <a href="/wiki/ARIB" class="mw-redirect" title="ARIB">ARIB</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Broadcasting#Standards" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting">standards</a> can be obtained for free at the Japanese organization <a href="/wiki/DiBEG" title="DiBEG">DiBEG</a> website and at ARIB. </p><p>The core standards of ISDB are <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Broadcasting#ISDB-S" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting">ISDB-S</a> (satellite television), <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Broadcasting#ISDB-T" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting">ISDB-T</a> (terrestrial), <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Broadcasting#ISDB-C" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting">ISDB-C</a> (cable) and <a href="#2.6_GHz_Mobile_satellite_digital_audio/video_broadcasting">2.6 GHz band mobile broadcasting</a> which are all based on <a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">MPEG-4</a>, or <a href="/wiki/HEVC" class="mw-redirect" title="HEVC">HEVC</a> standard for multiplexing with transport stream structure and video and audio coding (MPEG-2, H.264, or HEVC) and are capable of <a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">UHD</a>, high-definition television (<a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a>) and standard-definition television. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Broadcasting#ISDB-T" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting">ISDB-T</a> and <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Broadcasting#ISDB-Tsb" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting">ISDB-Tsb</a> are for mobile reception in TV bands. <a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a> is the name of an ISDB-T component that allows viewers to watch TV channels via <a href="/wiki/Cell_phones" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell phones">cell phones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laptop_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Laptop computers">laptop computers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicles">vehicles</a>. </p><p>The concept was named for its similarity to <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Network">ISDN</a> as both allow multiple channels of data to be transmitted together (a process called multiplexing). This broadcast standard is also much like another <a href="/wiki/Digital_radio" title="Digital radio">digital radio</a> system, <a href="/wiki/Eureka_147" class="mw-redirect" title="Eureka 147">Eureka 147</a>, which calls each group of stations on a transmitter an <a href="/wiki/DAB_ensemble" class="mw-redirect" title="DAB ensemble">ensemble</a>; this is very much like the multi-channel digital TV standard <a href="/wiki/DVB-T" title="DVB-T">DVB-T</a>. ISDB-T operates on unused TV channels, an approach that was taken by other countries for TV but never before for radio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transmission">Transmission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Transmission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The various flavors of ISDB differ mainly in the modulations used, due to the requirements of different frequency bands. The 12 GHz band ISDB-S uses <a href="/wiki/Phase-shift_keying" title="Phase-shift keying">PSK</a> modulation, 2.6 GHz band digital sound broadcasting uses <a href="/wiki/Code_division_multiplexing" class="mw-redirect" title="Code division multiplexing">CDM</a>, and ISDB-T (in <a href="/wiki/Very_high_frequency" title="Very high frequency">VHF</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">UHF</a> band) uses <a href="/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing">COFDM</a> with <a href="/wiki/Phase-shift_keying" title="Phase-shift keying">PSK</a>/<a href="/wiki/Quadrature_amplitude_modulation" title="Quadrature amplitude modulation">QAM</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interaction">Interaction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Interaction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Besides audio and video transmission, ISDB also defines data connections (Data broadcasting) with the internet as a return channel over several media (<a href="/wiki/10/100" class="mw-redirect" title="10/100">10/100</a> Ethernet, telephone line modem, mobile phone, wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11), etc.) and with different protocols. This component is used, for example, for interactive interfaces like data broadcasting (<a href="/wiki/ARIB_STD-B24" class="mw-redirect" title="ARIB STD-B24">ARIB STD-B24</a>) and electronic program guides (EPG). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interfaces_and_Encryption">Interfaces and Encryption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Interfaces and Encryption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ISDB specification describes a lot of (network) interfaces, but most importantly, the Common Interface for Conditional Access System (CAS). While ISDB has examples of implementing various kinds of CAS systems, in Japan, a CAS system called "B-CAS" is used. ARIB STD-B25 defines the <a href="/wiki/Common_Scrambling_Algorithm" title="Common Scrambling Algorithm">Common Scrambling Algorithm</a> (CSA) system called <a href="/wiki/MULTI2" title="MULTI2">MULTI2</a> required for (de-)scrambling television. </p><p>The ISDB CAS system in Japan is operated by a company named <i><a href="/wiki/B-CAS" title="B-CAS">B-CAS</a></i>; the CAS card is called <i>B-CAS card</i>. The Japanese ISDB signal is always encrypted by the B-CAS system even if it is a free television program. That is why it is commonly called "Pay per view system without charge".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> An interface for mobile reception is under consideration.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>ISDB supports RMP (Rights management and protection). Since all digital television (DTV) systems carry digital data content, a <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> or high-definition (HD) recorder could easily copy content losslessly. <a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">US major film studios</a> requested copy protection; this was the main reason for RMP being mandated. The content has three modes: "copy once", "copy free" and "copy never". In "copy once" mode, a program can be stored on a hard disk recorder, but cannot be further copied; only moved to another copy-protected media—and this move operation will mark the content "copy one generation", which is mandated to prevent further copying permanently. "Copy never" programs may only be <a href="/wiki/Time_shifting" title="Time shifting">timeshifted</a> and cannot be permanently stored. In 2006,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Japanese government is evaluating using the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Transmission_Content_Protection" title="Digital Transmission Content Protection">Digital Transmission Content Protection</a> (DTCP) "Encryption plus Non-Assertion" mechanism to allow making multiple copies of digital content between compliant devices.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Receiver">Receiver</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Receiver"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two types of ISDB receiver: <a href="/wiki/Television_set" title="Television set">Television</a> and <a href="/wiki/Set-top_box" title="Set-top box">set-top box</a>. The aspect ratio of an ISDB-receiving television set is 16:9; televisions fulfilling these specs are called <i>Hi-Vision TV</i>. There are four TV types: <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">Cathode-ray tube</a> (CRT), <a href="/wiki/Plasma_display" title="Plasma display">plasma display panel</a> (PDP), <a href="/wiki/OLED" title="OLED">organic light-emitting diode</a> (OLED) and <a href="/wiki/Liquid_crystal_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid crystal display">liquid crystal display</a> (LCD), with LCD being the most popular <i>Hi-Vision TV</i> on the Japanese market nowadays. </p><p>The LCD share, as measured by <a href="/wiki/JEITA" class="mw-redirect" title="JEITA">JEITA</a> in November 2004, was about 60%. While PDP sets occupy the high-end market with units that are over 50 inches (1270 mm), PDP and CRT set shares are about 20% each. CRT sets are considered low end for Hi-Vision. An STB is sometimes referred to as a digital tuner.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Typical middle to high-end ISDB receivers marketed in Japan have several interfaces: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F_connector" title="F connector">F connectors</a> for RF input.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a> or <a href="/wiki/D4_video_connector" class="mw-redirect" title="D4 video connector">D4 connector</a> for an <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a> monitor in a <a href="/wiki/Home_cinema" title="Home cinema">home cinema</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOSLINK" title="TOSLINK">Optical digital audio interface</a> for an audio amplifier and speakers for <a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">5.1 surround audio</a> in a home cinema.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FireWire" class="mw-redirect" title="FireWire">IEEE 1394</a> (aka FireWire) interface for digital data recorders (like <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> recorders) in a home cinema.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCA_jack" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA jack">RCA video jack</a> provides <a href="/wiki/SDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="SDTV">SDTV</a> signal that is sampled down from the HDTV signal for analog CRT television sets or <a href="/wiki/VCR" class="mw-redirect" title="VCR">VCRs</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCA_jack" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA jack">RCA audio jacks</a> provide <a href="/wiki/Stereophonic_sound" title="Stereophonic sound">stereo audio</a> for analog CRT television sets or <a href="/wiki/VCR" class="mw-redirect" title="VCR">VCRs</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-Video" title="S-Video">S video</a> is for <a href="/wiki/VCR" class="mw-redirect" title="VCR">VCRs</a> or analog CRT television sets.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/10/100" class="mw-redirect" title="10/100">10/100</a> and modular jack telephone line <a href="/wiki/Modem#Narrowband" title="Modem">modem</a> interfaces are for an internet connection.</li> <li>B-CAS card interface to de-scramble.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared#Applications" title="Infrared">IR</a> interface jack for controlling a VHS or DVD player.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Services">Services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A typical Japanese broadcast service consists as follows: </p> <ol><li>One HDTV or up to three SDTV services within one channel.</li> <li>Provides <a href="/wiki/Interactive_television" title="Interactive television">interactive television</a> through <a href="/wiki/Datacasting" title="Datacasting">datacasting</a>.</li> <li>Interactive services such as games or shopping, via telephone line or broadband internet.</li> <li>Equipped with an <a href="/wiki/Electronic_program_guide" title="Electronic program guide">electronic program guide</a>.</li> <li>Ability to send firmware patches for the TV/tuner over the air.</li> <li>During emergencies, the service utilizes <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Warning_Broadcast_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency Warning Broadcast system">Emergency Warning Broadcast system</a> to quickly inform the public of various threats for the areas at risk.</li></ol> <p>There are examples providing more than 10 SDTV services with H.264 coding in some countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ISDB-S">ISDB-S</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: ISDB-S"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Japan started digital broadcasting using the DVB-S standard by PerfecTV in October/1996, and DirecTV in December/1997, with communication satellites. Still, DVB-S did not satisfy the requirements of Japanese broadcasters, such as <a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a>, key commercial broadcasting stations like <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Television" title="Nippon Television">Nippon Television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Broadcasting_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo Broadcasting System">TBS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuji_Television" title="Fuji Television">Fuji Television</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV_Asahi" title="TV Asahi">TV Asahi</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV_Tokyo" title="TV Tokyo">TV Tokyo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/WOWOW" class="mw-redirect" title="WOWOW">WOWOW</a> (Movie-only Pay-TV broadcasting). Consequently, <a href="/wiki/ARIB" class="mw-redirect" title="ARIB">ARIB</a> developed a new broadcast standard called ISDB-S. The requirements were HDTV capability, interactive services, network access and effective frequency utilization, and other technical requirements. The DVB-S standard allows the transmission of a bitstream of roughly 34 Mbit/s with a satellite transponder, which means the transponder can send one HDTV channel. Unfortunately, the NHK broadcasting satellite had only four vacant transponders, which led ARIB and NHK to work on ISDB-S: the new standard could transmit at 51 Mbit/s with a single transponder, which means that ISDB-S is 1.5 times more efficient than DVB-S and that one transponder can transmit two HDTV channels, along with other independent audio and data. Digital satellite broadcasting (BS digital) was started by NHK and followed commercial broadcasting stations on 1 December 2000. Today, <a href="/wiki/SKY_PerfecTV!" title="SKY PerfecTV!">SKY PerfecTV!</a> (the successor of Skyport TV and Sky D), CS burn, Platone, EP, DirecTV, J Sky B, and PerfecTV!, adopted the ISDB-S system for use on the 110-degree (east longitude) wide-band communication satellite. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technical_specification">Technical specification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Technical specification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This table shows the summary of ISDB-S (satellite digital broadcasting). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="5">Transmission channel coding</th> <th>Modulation </th> <td colspan="2">TC8PSK, QPSK, BPSK (Hierarchical transmission) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">Error correction coding </th> <td><b>Inner coding</b> </td> <td>Trellis [TC8PSK] and Convolution </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Outer coding</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reed%E2%80%93Solomon_error_correction" title="Reed–Solomon error correction">RS</a> (204,188) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>TMCC</b> </td> <td>Convolution coding+RS </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing" title="Time-division multiplexing">Time domain multiplexing</a> </th> <td colspan="2">TMCC </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Conditional Access</td> <td colspan="2">Multi-2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Data broadcasting</td> <td colspan="2">ARIB STD-B24 (BML, ECMA script) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Service information</td> <td colspan="2">ARIB STD-B10 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Multiplexing</td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a> Systems </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Audio coding</td> <td colspan="2">MPEG-2 Audio (<a href="/wiki/MPEG-2_AAC" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-2 AAC">AAC</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Video coding</td> <td colspan="2">MPEG-2 Video </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Channel">Channel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Channel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frequency and channel specification of Japanese Satellites using ISDB-S </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Method</th> <th>BS digital broadcasting</th> <th>Wide band CS digital broadcasting </th></tr> <tr> <th>Frequency band </th> <td>11.7 to 12.2 GHz</td> <td>12.2 to 12.75 GHz </td></tr> <tr> <th>Transmission bit rate </th> <td>51 Mbit/s (TC8PSK)</td> <td>40 Mbit/s (QPSK) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Transmission band width </th> <td>34.5 MHz*</td> <td>34.5 MHz </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">*Compatible with 27 MHz band satellite transponder for analog FM broadcasting. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISDB-S3">ISDB-S3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: ISDB-S3"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ISDB-S3 is a satellite digital broadcasting specification supporting 4K, 8K, HDR, HFR, and 22.2 audio.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ISDB-C">ISDB-C</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: ISDB-C"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ISDB-C is a cable digital broadcasting specification. The technical specification J.83/C is developed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=JCTEA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JCTEA (page does not exist)">JCTEA</a>. ISDB-C is identical to DVB-C but has a different channel bandwidth of 6 MHz (instead of 8 MHz) and roll-off factor.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ISDB-T">ISDB-T</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: ISDB-T"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>HDTV was invented at <a href="/wiki/NHK_Science_%26_Technology_Research_Laboratories" title="NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories">NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories</a> (Japan Broadcasting Corporation's Science & Technical Research Laboratories). The research for HDTV started as early as the 1960s, though a standard was proposed to the ITU-R (CCIR) only in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1980s, a high definition television camera, cathode-ray tube, videotape recorder, and editing equipment, among others, had been developed. In 1982 NHK developed MUSE (Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding), the first HDTV video compression and transmission system. <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sub-Nyquist_sampling_encoding" title="Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding">MUSE</a> used digital video compression, but for transmission <a href="/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">frequency modulation</a> was used after a digital-to-analog converter converted the digital signal. </p><p>In 1987, NHK demonstrated MUSE in Washington D.C. as well as NAB. The demonstration made a great impression in the U.S., leading to the development of the <a href="/wiki/ATSC_Standards" class="mw-redirect" title="ATSC Standards">ATSC</a> terrestrial DTV system. Europe also developed a DTV system called <a href="/wiki/DVB" title="DVB">DVB</a>. Japan began R&D of a completely digital system in the 1980s that led to ISDB. Japan began terrestrial digital broadcasting, using ISDB-T standard by NHK and commercial broadcasting stations, on 1 December 2003. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Features">Features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISDB-T_CH_Seg_Prog_allocation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/ISDB-T_CH_Seg_Prog_allocation.svg/250px-ISDB-T_CH_Seg_Prog_allocation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/ISDB-T_CH_Seg_Prog_allocation.svg/375px-ISDB-T_CH_Seg_Prog_allocation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/ISDB-T_CH_Seg_Prog_allocation.svg/500px-ISDB-T_CH_Seg_Prog_allocation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="759" /></a><figcaption>Treeview of ISDB-T, channels, Segments and arranging multiple program broadcasting.</figcaption></figure> <p>ISDB-T is characterized by the following features: </p> <ul><li>ISDB-T (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial) in Japan use <a href="/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">UHF</a> 470 MHz-710 MHz, bandwidth of 240 MHz, allocate 40 channels namely channels 13 to 52 (previously used also 710 MHz-770 MHz, 53 to 62, but this range was re-assigned to cell phones), each channel is 6 MHz width (actually 5.572 MHz effective bandwidth and 430 kHz guard band between channels). These channels are called "physical channel(物理チャンネル)". For other countries, US channel table or European channel table are used.</li> <li>For channel tables with 6 MHz width, ISDB-T single channel bandwidths 5.572 MHz has number of carriers 5,617 with interval of 0.99206 kHz. For 7 MHz channel, channel bandwidth is 6.50 MHz; for 8 MHz 7.42 MHz.</li> <li>ISDB-T allows to accommodate any combination of HDTV (roughly 8 Mbit/s in H.264) and SDTV (roughly 2 Mbit/s in H.264) within the given bitrate determined by the transmission parameters such as bandwidth, code-rate, guard interval, etc. Typically, among the 13 segments, the center segment is used for <a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a> with QPSK modulation and the remaining 12 segments for the HDTV or SDTV payloads for 64QAM modulation. The bitstream of the 12 segments are combined into one transport stream, within which any combination of programs can be carried based on the <a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG-2 transport stream</a> definition.</li> <li>ISDB-T transmits an <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a> channel and a mobile TV channel <b><a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a></b> within one channel. 1seg is a mobile terrestrial digital audio/video broadcasting service in Japan. Although 1seg is designed for mobile usage, reception is sometimes problematic in moving vehicles. Because of reception on high speed vehicle, <a href="/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">UHF</a> transmission is shaded by buildings and hills frequently, but reported well receiving in <a href="/wiki/Shinkansen" title="Shinkansen">Shinkansen</a> as far as run in flat or rural area.</li> <li>ISDB-T provides interactive services with data broadcasting. Such as <a href="/wiki/Electronic_program_guide" title="Electronic program guide">Electronic Program Guides</a>. ISDB-T supports internet access as a <a href="/wiki/Return_channel" title="Return channel">return channel</a> that works to support the data broadcasting. Internet access is also provided on mobile phones.</li> <li>ISDB-T provides <a href="/wiki/Single-frequency_network" title="Single-frequency network">Single-Frequency Network</a> (SFN) and <a href="/wiki/On-channel_repeater" class="mw-redirect" title="On-channel repeater">on-channel repeater</a> technology. SFN makes efficient utilization of the frequency resource (spectrum). For example, the Kanto area (greater Tokyo area including most part of Tokyo prefecture and some part of Chiba, Ibaragi, Tochigi, Saitama and Kanagawa prefecture) are covered with SFN with roughly 10 million population coverage.</li> <li>ISDB-T can be received indoors with a simple <a href="/wiki/Indoor_antenna" title="Indoor antenna">indoor antenna</a>.</li> <li>ISDB-T provides robustness to <a href="/wiki/Multipath_interference" class="mw-redirect" title="Multipath interference">multipath interference</a> ("ghosting"), <a href="/wiki/Co-channel_interference" title="Co-channel interference">co-channel analog television interference</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_interference" title="Electromagnetic interference">electromagnetic interferences</a> that come from motor vehicles and power lines in urban environments.</li> <li>ISDB-T is claimed to allow HDTV to be received on moving vehicles at over 100 km/h; <a href="/wiki/DVB-T" title="DVB-T">DVB-T</a> can only receive <a href="/wiki/SDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="SDTV">SDTV</a> on moving vehicles, and it is claimed that <a href="/wiki/ATSC_Standards" class="mw-redirect" title="ATSC Standards">ATSC</a> can not be received on moving vehicles at all (however, in early 2007 there were reports of successful reception of ATSC on laptops using USB tuners in moving vehicles).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adoption">Adoption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Adoption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ISDB-T was adopted for commercial transmissions in Japan in December 2003. It currently comprises a market of about 100 million television sets. ISDB-T had 10 million subscribers by the end of April 2005. Along with the wide use of ISDB-T, the price of receivers is getting low. The price of ISDB-T STB in the lower end of the market is ¥19800 as of 19 April 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By November 2007 only a few older, low-end STB models could be found in the Japanese market (average price U$180), showing a tendency towards replacement by mid to high-end equipment like PVRs and TV sets with inbuilt tuners. In November 2009, a retail chain <a href="/wiki/%C3%86on_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Æon (company)">AEON</a> introduced STB in 40 USD,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by variety of low-cost tuners. The Dibeg web page confirms this tendency by showing low significance of the digital tuner STB market in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, which used an <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcast television system">analogue TV system</a> (PAL-M) that slightly differed from any other countries, has chosen ISDB-T as a base for its <a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">DTV</a> format, calling it <a href="/wiki/ISDB-Tb" class="mw-redirect" title="ISDB-Tb">ISDB-Tb</a> or <i>internally</i> <a href="/wiki/SBTVD" class="mw-redirect" title="SBTVD">SBTVD</a> (<i>Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão Digital-Terrestre</i>). The Japanese DiBEG group incorporated the advancements made by Brazil -<a href="/wiki/H.264" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264">MPEG4</a> video codec instead of ISDB-T's MPEG2 and a powerful interaction middleware called <a href="/wiki/Ginga_(SBTVD_Middleware)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginga (SBTVD Middleware)">Ginga</a>- and has renamed the standard to "<a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">ISDB-T International</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other than Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Chile and Ecuador<sup id="cite_ref-blog.subtel.cl_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blog.subtel.cl-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which have selected ISDB-Tb, there are other South American countries, mainly from <a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a>, such as Venezuela,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that chose ISDB-Tb, which providing economies of scale and common market benefits from the regional South American manufacturing instead of importing ready-made STBs as is the case with the other standards. Also, it has been confirmed with extensive tests realized by Brazilian Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters (ABERT), Brazilian Television Engineering Society (SET) and <a href="/wiki/Universidade_Presbiteriana_Mackenzie" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie">Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie</a> the insufficient quality for indoor reception presented by ATSC and, between DVB-T and ISDB-T, the latter presented superior performance in indoor reception and flexibility to access digital services and TV programs through non-mobile, mobile or portable receivers with impressive quality.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ABERT–SET group in Brazil did system comparison tests of DTV under the supervision of the <a href="/wiki/CPqD" class="mw-redirect" title="CPqD">CPqD</a> foundation. The comparison tests were done under the direction of a work group of SET and <a href="/wiki/ABERT" title="ABERT">ABERT</a>. The ABERT/SET group selected ISDB-T as the best choice in digital broadcasting modulation systems among ATSC, DVB-T and ISDB-T.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Another study found that ISDB-T and DVB-T performed similarly, and that both were outperformed by <a href="/wiki/DVB-T2" title="DVB-T2">DVB-T2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ISDB-T was singled out as the most flexible of all for meeting the needs of mobility and portability. It is most efficient for mobile and portable reception. On June 29, 2006, Brazil announced ISDB-T-based SBTVD as the chosen standard for digital TV transmissions, to be fully implemented by 2016. By November 2007 (one month prior DTTV launch), a few suppliers started to announce zapper STBs of the new Nippon-Brazilian SBTVD-T standard, at that time without interactivity. </p><p>As in 2019, the implementation rollout in Brazil proceeded successfully, with terrestrial analog services (PAL-M) phased out in most of the country (for some less populated regions, analog signal shutdown was postponed to 2023). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Adoption_by_country">Adoption by country</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Adoption by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This lists the other countries who adopted the ISDB-T standard, chronologically arranged. </p> <ul><li>On June 30, 2006, Brazil announced its decision to adopt ISDB-T as the digital terrestrial television standard, by means of presidential decree 5820/2006.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On April 23, 2009, Peru announced its decision to adopt ISDB-T as the digital terrestrial television standard. This decision was taken on the basis of the recommendations by the Multi-sectional Commission to assess the most appropriate standard for the country.</li> <li>On August 28, 2009, Argentina officially adopted the ISDB-T system<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> calling it internally SATVD-T (Sistema Argentino de Televisión – Terrestre).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On September 14, 2009, Chile announced it was adopting the ISDB-T standard because it adapts better to the geographical makeup of the country, while allowing signal reception in cell phones, high-definition content delivery and a wider variety of channels.<sup id="cite_ref-blog.subtel.cl_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blog.subtel.cl-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On October 6, 2009, Venezuela officially adopted the ISDB-T standard.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On March 26, 2010, Ecuador announced its decision to adopt ISDB-T standard. This decision was taken on the basis of the recommendations by the Superintendent of Telecommunications.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On April 29, 2010, Costa Rica officially announced the adoption of ISDB-Tb standard based upon a commission in charge of analyzing which protocol to accept.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On June 1, 2010, Paraguay officially adopted ISDB-T International, via a presidential decree #4483.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On June 11, 2010, the Philippines (<a href="/wiki/National_Telecommunications_Commission_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Telecommunications Commission (Philippines)">NTC</a>) officially adopted the ISDB-T standard.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On July 6, 2010, Bolivia announced its decision to adopt ISDB-T standard as well.</li> <li>On December 27, 2010, the Uruguayan Government adopts the ISDB-T standard.,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> voiding a previous 2007 decree which adopted the European DVB system.</li> <li>On November 15, 2011, the Maldivian Government adopts the ISDB-T standard.<sup id="cite_ref-maldivesembassy.jp_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maldivesembassy.jp-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the first country in the region that use European channel table and 1 channel bandwidth is 8 MHz.</li> <li>On February 26, 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> government adopts the ISDB-T standard; as the first country within the <a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">SADC</a> region and even the first country within the continent of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> as a whole.</li> <li>On September 12, 2013, Honduras adopted the ISDB-T standard.</li> <li>On May 20, 2014, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Government of Sri Lanka">Government of Sri Lanka</a> officially announced its decision to adopt ISDB-T standard,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on September 7, 2014 Japanese Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Shinz%C5%8D_Abe" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinzō Abe">Shinzo Abe</a> signed an agreement with Sri Lankan President <a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksa" title="Mahinda Rajapaksa">Mahinda Rajapakse</a> for constructing infrastructure such as ISDB-T networks with a view to smooth conversion to ISDB-T, and cooperating in the field of content and developing human resources.</li> <li>On January 23, 2017, El Salvador adopted the ISDB-T standard.</li> <li>On March 20, 2019, Angola adopted the ISDB-T standard.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technical_specification_2">Technical specification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Technical specification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b> Segment structure </b> </p><p>ARIB has developed a segment structure called <a href="/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing#BST-OFDM_used_in_ISDB" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing">BST-OFDM</a> (see figure). ISDB-T divides the frequency band of one channel into thirteen segments. The broadcaster can select which combination of segments to use; this choice of segment structure allows for service flexibility. For example, ISDB-T can transmit both <a href="/wiki/LDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="LDTV">LDTV</a> and HDTV using one TV channel or change to 3 SDTV, a switch that can be performed at any time. ISDB-T can also change the modulation scheme at the same time. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-weight:bold"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#ccffff">s11 </td> <td bgcolor="#ccffff">s 9 </td> <td bgcolor="#ccffff">s 7 </td> <td bgcolor="#ccffff">s 5 </td> <td bgcolor="#ccffff">s 3 </td> <td bgcolor="#ccffff">s 1 </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffde">s 0 </td> <td bgcolor="#ccffff">s 2 </td> <td bgcolor="#ccffff">s 4 </td> <td bgcolor="#ccffff">s 6 </td> <td bgcolor="#ccffff">s 8 </td> <td bgcolor="#ccffff">s10 </td> <td bgcolor="#ccffff">s12 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The above figure shows the spectrum of 13 segments structure of ISDB-T. <br />(<i>s0</i> is generally used for <a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a>, <i>s1</i>-<i>s12</i> are used for one <a href="/wiki/HDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="HDTV">HDTV</a> or three <a href="/wiki/SDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="SDTV">SDTVs</a>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Summary_of_ISDB-T">Summary of ISDB-T</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Summary of ISDB-T"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="5">Transmission<br />channel coding </th> <th>Modulation </th> <td colspan="2">64QAM-OFDM,<br />16QAM-OFDM,<br />QPSK-OFDM,<br />DQPSK-OFDM<br />(Hierarchical transmission) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Error correction coding </th> <td>Data: <br /> Inner coding: Convolutional 7/8,5/6,3/4,2/3,1/2 <br />Outer coding: Reed-Solomon(204,188) </td> <td>TMCC: <br /> Shortened code (184,102) <br /> of Difference Cyclic Code (273,191) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Guard interval </th> <td colspan="2">1/32,1/16,1/8,1/4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Interleaving </th> <td colspan="2">Time, Frequency, bit, byte </td></tr> <tr> <th>Frequency domain multiplexing </th> <td colspan="2">BST-OFDM <br />(Segmented structure OFDM) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Conditional Access </th> <td colspan="2">Multi-2 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Data broadcasting </th> <td colspan="2">ARIB STD-B24 (BML, ECMA script) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Service information </th> <td colspan="2">ARIB STD-B10 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Multiplexing </th> <td colspan="2">MPEG-2 Systems </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Audio coding </th> <td colspan="2">MPEG-2 Audio (AAC) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Video coding </th> <td>MPEG-2 Video </td> <td>MPEG-4 AVC /H.264* </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>H.264 Baseline profile is used in one segment (<a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a>) broadcasting for portables and Mobile phone.</li> <li>H.264 High-profile is used in ISDB-Tb to high definition broadcasts.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Channel_2">Channel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Channel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Specification of Japanese terrestrial digital broadcasting using ISDB-T. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Method </th> <td>Terrestrial digital broadcasting </td></tr> <tr> <th>Frequency band </th> <td>VHF/UHF, super high band </td></tr> <tr> <th>Transmission bit rate </th> <td>23 Mbit/s(64QAM) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Transmission band width </th> <td>5.6 MHz* </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISDB-Tsb">ISDB-Tsb</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: ISDB-Tsb"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ISDB-Tsb is the <b>t</b>errestrial digital <b>s</b>ound <b>b</b>roadcasting specification. The technical specification is the same as ISDB-T. ISDB-Tsb supports the <a href="/wiki/COFDM" class="mw-redirect" title="COFDM">coded transmission of OFDM signals</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISDB-Tmm">ISDB-Tmm</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: ISDB-Tmm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ISDB-Tmm (<b>T</b>errestrial <b>m</b>obile <b>m</b>ulti-media) utilised suitable number of segments by station with video coding MPEG-4 AVC/H.264. With multiple channels, ISDB-Tmm served dedicated channels such as sport, movie, music channels and others with <a href="/wiki/CD" class="mw-redirect" title="CD">CD</a> quality sound, allowing for better broadcast quality as compared to <a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a>. This service used the <a href="/wiki/VHF" class="mw-redirect" title="VHF">VHF</a> band, 207.5–222 MHz which began to be utilised after Japan's <a href="/wiki/Digital_television_transition" title="Digital television transition">switchover to digital television</a> in July 2011. </p><p>Japan's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_and_Communications" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications">Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications</a> licensed to <a href="/wiki/NTT_Docomo" title="NTT Docomo">NTT Docomo</a> subsidiary <i>mmbi, Inc.</i> for ISDB-Tmm method on September 9, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/MediaFLO" title="MediaFLO">MediaFLO</a> method offered with <a href="/wiki/KDDI" title="KDDI">KDDI</a> was not licensed.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ISDB-Tmm broadcasting service by <i>mmbi, Inc.</i> is named モバキャス (<a href="/wiki/Pronunciation" title="Pronunciation">pronounced</a> <i>mobakyasu</i>), literally short form of mobile casting on July 14, 2011, and had been branded as <b>NOTTV</b> since October 4, 2011. The <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Internal_Affairs_and_Communications_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications (Japan)">Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications</a> approved the start of operations of <i>NOTTV</i> on October 13, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Planning the service with monthly subscription fee of 420 <a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">yen</a> for south <a href="/wiki/Kanto_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanto Plain">Kanto Plain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aichi_Prefecture" title="Aichi Prefecture">Aichi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osaka_Prefecture" title="Osaka Prefecture">Osaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> and some other prefectures from April 1, 2012. The deployment plan was to cover approximately 73% of <a href="/wiki/Household" title="Household">households</a> by the end of 2012, approximately 91% by the end of 2014, and 125 stations or <a href="/wiki/Repeater" title="Repeater">repeaters</a> to be installed in 2016 to cover <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">cities</a> nationwide.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablets</a> with ISDB-Tmm receiving capability were also sold mainly by <a href="/wiki/NTT_DoCoMo" class="mw-redirect" title="NTT DoCoMo">NTT DoCoMo</a>, although a separate tuner (TV BoX manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a>; or StationTV manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Pixela_Corporation" title="Pixela Corporation">Pixela</a>) could be purchased for <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhones</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPads</a> as well as Android smartphones and tablets sold by <a href="/wiki/Au_(mobile_phone_company)" title="Au (mobile phone company)">au by KDDI</a> and <a href="/wiki/SoftBank_Mobile" class="mw-redirect" title="SoftBank Mobile">SoftBank Mobile</a> to receive ISDB-Tmm broadcasts. </p><p>Due to the continued unprofitability of NOTTV, <i>mmbi, Inc.</i> shut down the service on June 30, 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2.6_GHz_Mobile_satellite_digital_audio/video_broadcasting"><span id="2.6_GHz_Mobile_satellite_digital_audio.2Fvideo_broadcasting"></span>2.6 GHz Mobile satellite digital audio/video broadcasting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: 2.6 GHz Mobile satellite digital audio/video broadcasting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/MobaHo!" title="MobaHo!">MobaHo!</a> is the name of the services that uses the Mobile satellite digital audio broadcasting specifications. <a href="/wiki/MobaHo!" title="MobaHo!">MobaHo!</a> started its service on 20 October 2004. Ended on 31 March 2009 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standards">Standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/ARIB" class="mw-redirect" title="ARIB">ARIB</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=JCTEA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JCTEA (page does not exist)">JCTEA</a> developed the following standards. Some part of standards are located on the pages of <a href="/wiki/ITU-R" title="ITU-R">ITU-R</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:97%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Channel </th> <th>Communication<br />Satellite television </th> <th>Broadcasting<br />Communication<br />Satellite television </th> <th>Terrestrial television </th> <th>Satellite Sound </th> <th>Terrestrial Sound </th> <th>Cable television </th></tr> <tr> <th>Nickname </th> <td>-</td> <td>ISDB-S</td> <td>ISDB-T</td> <td>2.6 GHz mobile broadcasting</td> <td>ISDB-Tsb</td> <td>64QAM, Trans-modulation (ISDB-C) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Transmission </th> <td>DVB-S</td> <td>ARIB STD-B20</td> <td>ARIB STD-B31</td> <td>ARIB STD-B41</td> <td>ARIB STD-B29</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>-</td> <td>ITU-R BO.1408</td> <td>ITU-R BT.1306-1</td> <td>-</td> <td>ITU-R BS.1114</td> <td>ITU-T J.83 Annex C, J.183 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Receiver </th> <td>ARIB STD-B16</td> <td colspan="2">ARIB STD-B21</td> <td>ARIB STD-B42</td> <td>ARIB STD-B30</td> <td>JCTEA STD-004, STD-007 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Server type broadcasting </th> <td>-</td> <td colspan="4">ARIB STD-B38</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <th>Conditional access </th> <td>-</td> <td colspan="4">ARIB STD-B25 (Multi-2)</td> <td>JCTEA STD-001 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Service information </th> <td>-</td> <td colspan="4">ARIB STD-B10</td> <td>JCTEA STD-003 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data broadcasting </th> <td>-</td> <td colspan="4">ARIB STD-B24 (BML), ARIB STD-B23 (EE or MHP like)</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <th>Video/Audio compression and multiplexing </th> <td>MPEG-2</td> <td colspan="4">ARIB STD-B32 (MPEG)</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <th>Technical report </th> <td>-</td> <td>ARIB TR-B13</td> <td>ARIB TR-B14</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>- </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Table_of_terrestrial_HDTV_transmission_systems">Table of terrestrial HDTV transmission systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Table of terrestrial HDTV transmission systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Table 1: Main characteristics of three DTTB systems </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Systems </th> <th>ATSC 8-VSB</th> <th>DVB COFDM</th> <th>ISDB BST-COFDM </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" align="left">Source coding </th></tr> <tr> <th>Video </th> <td colspan="3" align="center">Main profile syntax of ISO/IEC 13818-2 (MPEG-2 – video) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Audio </th> <td>ATSC Standard A/52 (Dolby AC-3)</td> <td>ISO/IEC 13818-2 (MPEG-2 – layer II audio) and Dolby AC-3</td> <td>ISO/IEC 13818-7 (MPEG-2 – AAC audio) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" align="left">Transmission system </th></tr> <tr> <th>Channel coding </th> <td colspan="3" align="center">- </td></tr> <tr> <th>Outer coding </th> <td>R-S (207, 187, t = 10)</td> <td colspan="2">R-S (204, 188, t = 8) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Outer interleaver </th> <td>52 R-S block interleaver</td> <td colspan="2">12 R-S block interleaver </td></tr> <tr> <th>Inner coding </th> <td>Rate 2/3 trellis code</td> <td colspan="2">Punctured convolution code: Rate 1/2, 2/3,3/4, 5/6, 7/8 Constraint length = 7, Polynomials (octal) = 171, 133 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Inner interleaver </th> <td>12 to 1 trellis code interleaver</td> <td>Bit-wise interleaving and frequency interleaving</td> <td>Bit-wise interleaving, frequency interleaving and selectable time interleaving </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data randomization </th> <td colspan="3" align="center">16-bit PRBS </td></tr> <tr> <th>Modulation </th> <td>8-VSB and 16-VSB </td> <td>COFDM <br /> QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM <br /> Hierarchical modulation: multi-resolution constellation (16QAM and 64 QAM) <br /> Guard interval: 1/32, 1/16, 1/8 & 1/4 of OFDM symbol <br /> 2 modes: 2k and 8k FFT </td> <td>BST-COFDM with 13 frequency segments <br /> DQPSK, QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM <br /> Hierarchical modulation: choice of three different modulations on each segment <br /> Guard interval: 1/32, 1/16, 1/8 & 1/4 of OFDM symbol <br /> 3 modes: 2k, 4k and 8k FFT </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>General category </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DiBEG" title="DiBEG">DiBEG</a> – The Digital Broadcasting Experts Group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">Digital television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">Digital terrestrial television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_radio" title="Digital radio">Digital radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_multimedia_broadcasting" title="Digital multimedia broadcasting">Digital multimedia broadcasting</a> (DMB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-CAS" title="B-CAS">B-CAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datacasting" title="Datacasting">Datacasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard-definition_television" title="Standard-definition television">SDTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enhanced-definition_television" title="Enhanced-definition television">EDTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">ISDB-T International</a> (<a href="/wiki/SBTVD" class="mw-redirect" title="SBTVD">SBTVD</a>) – Brazilian Digital Television System based on ISDB-T</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Skytree" title="Tokyo Skytree">Tokyo Skytree</a> – ISDB-T broadcasting for <a href="/wiki/Kanto_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanto Plain">Kanto Plain</a></li></ul> <p>Transmission technology </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_Standards" class="mw-redirect" title="ATSC Standards">ATSC Standards</a> – Advanced Television Systems Committee Standard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMB-T" class="mw-redirect" title="DMB-T">DMB-T</a> – Digital Multimedia Broadcast-Terrestrial</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-T" title="DVB-T">DVB-T</a> – Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG">MPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-frequency_network" title="Single-frequency network">Single-frequency network</a> (SFN), <a href="/wiki/Multi-frequency_network" title="Multi-frequency network">multi-frequency network</a> (MFN)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/terrestrial/broadcast/Americas/Documents/Presentations_Panama/ISDB-T.pdf">https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/terrestrial/broadcast/Americas/Documents/Presentations_Panama/ISDB-T.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/ibc2019/nhk_ibc2019_flyer.pdf">https://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/ibc2019/nhk_ibc2019_flyer.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://setexperience.org.br/en/patrocinador/nec-en/">"NEC Archives"</a>. <i>Set Experience</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Set+Experience&rft.atitle=NEC+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsetexperience.org.br%2Fen%2Fpatrocinador%2Fnec-en%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120327190438/http://www.malaya.com.ph/aug24/busi5.html">"Business Insight | Business"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Malaya_(newspaper)" title="Malaya (newspaper)">Malaya</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaya.com.ph/aug24/busi5.html">the original</a> on 2012-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malaya&rft.atitle=Business+Insight+%26%23124%3B+Business&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaya.com.ph%2Faug24%2Fbusi5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dtvpilipinas.blogspot.com/2011/08/news5-interaksyon-were-turning-japanese.html">"News5 InterAksyon: We're "turning Japanese" on digital TV platform"</a>. 23 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=News5+InterAksyon%3A+We%27re+%22turning+Japanese%22+on+digital+TV+platform&rft.date=2011-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdtvpilipinas.blogspot.com%2F2011%2F08%2Fnews5-interaksyon-were-turning-japanese.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01tsushin08_01000009.html"><bdi lang="ja">モルディブ共和国政府による同国国営放送の地デジ日本方式採用決定、日・モルディブ共同声明を公表</bdi></a> [Republic of Maldives decided to adopt ISDB-T, Japan-Maldives issued a joint statement] (in Japanese). Tokyo: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_and_Communications" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications">Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications</a>. 2011-10-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%96%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E5%90%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%96%B6%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E6%8E%A1%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%BA%E5%AE%9A%E3%80%81%E6%97%A5%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%96%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E%E3%82%92%E5%85%AC%E8%A1%A8&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Internal+Affairs+and+Communications&rft.date=2011-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soumu.go.jp%2Fmenu_news%2Fs-news%2F01tsushin08_01000009.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maldivesembassy.jp-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-maldivesembassy.jp_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maldivesembassy.jp_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111145929/http://www.maldivesembassy.jp/cat_054/7707">"Maldives introduces the Japanese ISDB-T system at MNBC | Maldives Embassy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maldivesembassy.jp/cat_054/7707">the original</a> on 2012-01-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maldives+introduces+the+Japanese+ISDB-T+system+at+MNBC+%26%23124%3B+Maldives+Embassy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maldivesembassy.jp%2Fcat_054%2F7707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140908155705/http://www.ft.lk/2014/07/03/sri-lanka-to-digitalise-tv-broadcasting/">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ft.lk/2014/07/03/sri-lanka-to-digitalise-tv-broadcasting">the original</a> on 2014-09-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.lk%2F2014%2F07%2F03%2Fsri-lanka-to-digitalise-tv-broadcasting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171017223243/http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/eng/Releases/Telecommunications/140520_04.html">"Information and Communications Policy Site | Press Release | Comment of the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications on Adoption of Japanese Terrestrial Digital TV Broadcasting System (ISDB-T) in the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/eng/Releases/Telecommunications/140520_04.html">the original</a> on 2017-10-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Information+and+Communications+Policy+Site+%26%23124%3B+Press+Release+%26%23124%3B+Comment+of+the+Minister+for+Internal+Affairs+and+Communications+on+Adoption+of+Japanese+Terrestrial+Digital+TV+Broadcasting+System+%28ISDB-T%29+in+the+Democratic+Socialist+Republic+of+Sri+Lanka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soumu.go.jp%2Fmain_sosiki%2Fjoho_tsusin%2Feng%2FReleases%2FTelecommunications%2F140520_04.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717111720/http://www.ttvmedianews.com/scripts/templates/estilo_nota.asp?nota=eng%2FTV%2BAbierta%2FTDT%2F2010%2F12_diciembre%2F28_uruguay_se_decanta_por_el_estandar_isdbt">"DTT: Uruguay Regains Common Sense"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>: ttv medianews. 2010-12-28. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ttvmedianews.com/scripts/templates/estilo_nota.asp?nota=eng%2FTV+Abierta%2FTDT%2F2010%2F12%5Fdiciembre%2F28%5Furuguay%5Fse%5Fdecanta%5Fpor%5Fel%5Festandar%5Fisdbt">the original</a> on 2011-07-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DTT%3A+Uruguay+Regains+Common+Sense&rft.place=Montevideo%2C+Uruguay&rft.pub=ttv+medianews&rft.date=2010-12-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ttvmedianews.com%2Fscripts%2Ftemplates%2Festilo_nota.asp%3Fnota%3Deng%252FTV%2BAbierta%252FTDT%252F2010%252F12%255Fdiciembre%252F28%255Furuguay%255Fse%255Fdecanta%255Fpor%255Fel%255Festandar%255Fisdbt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gobierno se decidió por la norma japonesa</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120330132451/http://www.panoramaaudiovisual.com/en/2012/03/21/Costa-Rica-makes-its-first-broadcast-on-DTT-under-tb-ISDB/">"Costa Rica held its first broadcast on DTT ISDB-Tb"</a>. Panorama Audiovisual. 2012-03-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panoramaaudiovisual.com/en/2012/03/21/Costa-Rica-makes-its-first-broadcast-on-DTT-under-tb-ISDB/">the original</a> on 2012-03-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Costa+Rica+held+its+first+broadcast+on+DTT+ISDB-Tb&rft.date=2012-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panoramaaudiovisual.com%2Fen%2F2012%2F03%2F21%2FCosta-Rica-makes-its-first-broadcast-on-DTT-under-tb-ISDB%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150530141842/http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/?p=25005">"Presidencia de la República del Paraguay"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/?p=25005">the original</a> on 2015-05-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presidencia+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+del+Paraguay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidencia.gov.py%2Fv1%2F%3Fp%3D25005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Internal_Affairs_and_Communications2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_and_Communications" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications">Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications</a> (2010-07-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/02tsushin08_02000008.html"><bdi lang="ja">ボリビア多民族国における地上デジタルテレビ放送日本方式採用の決定</bdi></a> [The decision to adopt Japanese DTT system at Plurinational State of Bolivia] (in Japanese). Tokyo, Japan<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AA%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2%E5%A4%9A%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8A%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%83%93%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E6%8E%A1%E7%94%A8%E3%81%AE%E6%B1%BA%E5%AE%9A&rft.place=Tokyo%2C+Japan&rft.date=2010-07-05&rft.au=Ministry+of+Internal+Affairs+and+Communications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soumu.go.jp%2Fmenu_news%2Fs-news%2F02tsushin08_02000008.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929031046/http://www.lostiempos.com/diario/actualidad/nacional/20100705/bolivia-adoptara-el-sistema-digital-de-tv-japones-brasileno-que-regira_78803_148904.html">"Bolivia adoptará el sistema digital de TV japonés-brasileño que regirá desde el 2011"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lostiempos.com/diario/actualidad/nacional/20100705/bolivia-adoptara-el-sistema-digital-de-tv-japones-brasileno-que-regira_78803_148904.html">the original</a> on 2011-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bolivia+adoptar%C3%A1+el+sistema+digital+de+TV+japon%C3%A9s-brasile%C3%B1o+que+regir%C3%A1+desde+el+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lostiempos.com%2Fdiario%2Factualidad%2Fnacional%2F20100705%2Fbolivia-adoptara-el-sistema-digital-de-tv-japones-brasileno-que-regira_78803_148904.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeleSemana2010" class="citation web cs1">TeleSemana (2010-08-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716204652/http://telesemana.com/noticias/detalle.php?id=4421l">"Nicaragua opta por la noma brasileña-japonesa para TV digital"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://telesemana.com/noticias/detalle.php?id=4421l">the original</a> on 2011-07-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nicaragua+opta+por+la+noma+brasile%C3%B1a-japonesa+para+TV+digital&rft.date=2010-08-10&rft.au=TeleSemana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftelesemana.com%2Fnoticias%2Fdetalle.php%3Fid%3D4421l&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130621011729/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=1285">"Botswana adopts ISDB-T"</a>. <i>Botswana Daily News</i>. <a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a>: Daily News. 2013-02-27. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botswana+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Botswana+adopts+ISDB-T&rft.date=2013-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailynews.gov.bw%2Fnews-details.php%3Fnid%3D1285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130623072917/http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/eng/Releases/Telecommunications/130227_01.html">"Decision of Adoption of Japanese System for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting in the Republic of Botswana"</a>. 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Tokyo: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_and_Communications" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications">Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications</a>, Japan. 2013-02-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Internal+Affairs+and+Communications&rft.atitle=Adoption+of+Japanese+Digital+Terrestrial+TV+Broadcasting+System+%28ISDB-T+System%29+in+the+Republic+of+Angola&rft.date=2019-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soumu.go.jp%2Fmain_sosiki%2Fjoho_tsusin%2Feng%2FReleases%2FTelecommunications%2F19032_01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japan.cnet.com/article/20094312/">"JEITA、地デジのコンテンツ保護策として暗号方式 EPN を提案"</a>. <i>CNET Japan</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu&rft.atitle=ArchivalWare+%3E%3ELogin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcollections.library.cmu.edu%2Fportal%2Fmain.jsp%3Fflag%3Dbrowse%26smd%3D1%26awdid%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070709074636/http://www.watch.impress.co.jp/av/docs/20060330/uniden3.htm">"uniden"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.watch.impress.co.jp/av/docs/20060330/uniden3.htm">the original</a> on July 9, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=uniden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.watch.impress.co.jp%2Fav%2Fdocs%2F20060330%2Funiden3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://av.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/20090904_313051.html">"イオン、4,980円のピクセラ製地デジチューナを発売"</a>. 4 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%80%814%2C980%E5%86%86%E3%81%AE%E3%83%94%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BB%E3%83%A9%E8%A3%BD%E5%9C%B0%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%82%92%E7%99%BA%E5%A3%B2&rft.date=2009-09-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fav.watch.impress.co.jp%2Fdocs%2Fnews%2F20090904_313051.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071114023735/http://www.dibeg.org/news/news-5/news-e5.htm#dn068e">"News-e5"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Features+of+ISDB-T&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dibeg.org%2Ftechp%2Ffeature%2Ffeatures_of_isdb-t.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blog.subtel.cl-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blog.subtel.cl_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blog.subtel.cl_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090922192948/http://blog.subtel.cl/wp/?p=105">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.subtel.cl/wp/?p=105">the original</a> on 2009-09-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-09-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.subtel.cl%2Fwp%2F%3Fp%3D105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.telesintese.ig.com.br/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=13284">http://www.telesintese.ig.com.br/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=13284</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928163814/http://www.set.com.br/artigos/nab.pps">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.set.com.br/artigos/nab.pps">the original</a> on 2011-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.set.com.br%2Fartigos%2Fnab.pps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julian Clover <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2010/11/02/dvb-t-far-superior-to-isdb-dvb-t2-beats-them-both/"><i>DVB-T far superior to ISDB, DVB-T2 beats them both</i></a>, in <i>broadbandtvnews</i> November 2, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2004-2006/2006/decreto/d5820.htm">"Decree nº 5.820/2006"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decree+n%C2%BA+5.820%2F2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.planalto.gov.br%2Fccivil_03%2F_ato2004-2006%2F2006%2Fdecreto%2Fd5820.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/DisplayPdf.aspx?s=01&f=20090828">"Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+Oficial+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+Argentina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boletinoficial.gov.ar%2FDisplayPdf.aspx%3Fs%3D01%26f%3D20090828&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/DisplayPdf.aspx?f=20090901&s=01&pd=3&pa=4">"Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+Oficial+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+Argentina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boletinoficial.gov.ar%2FDisplayPdf.aspx%3Ff%3D20090901%26s%3D01%26pd%3D3%26pa%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110809112541/http://www.mcti.gob.ve/Noticias/3673">"MCTI - Noticias | Venezuela selecciona estándar japonés para Televisión Digital Terrestre"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcti.gob.ve/Noticias/3673">the original</a> on 2011-08-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MCTI+-+Noticias+%26%23124%3B+Venezuela+selecciona+est%C3%A1ndar+japon%C3%A9s+para+Televisi%C3%B3n+Digital+Terrestre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcti.gob.ve%2FNoticias%2F3673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110809112636/http://www.mcti.gob.ve/Noticias/3674">"MCTI - Noticias | TV Digital en Venezuela integrará la región"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcti.gob.ve/Noticias/3674">the original</a> on 2011-08-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MCTI+-+Noticias+%26%23124%3B+TV+Digital+en+Venezuela+integrar%C3%A1+la+regi%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcti.gob.ve%2FNoticias%2F3674&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elcomercio.com/noticiaEC.asp?id_noticia=342557&id_seccion=6">"Ecuador adopta estándar japonés para televisión digital"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ecuador+adopta+est%C3%A1ndar+japon%C3%A9s+para+televisi%C3%B3n+digital&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elcomercio.com%2FnoticiaEC.asp%3Fid_noticia%3D342557%26id_seccion%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120206222741/http://www.nacion.com/2010-05-25/AldeaGlobal/UltimaHora/AldeaGlobal2384283.aspx">"Es oficial: Costa Rica adoptó formato japonés brasileño de televisión digital - ALDEAGLOBAL - la Nación"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nacion.com/2010-05-25/AldeaGlobal/UltimaHora/AldeaGlobal2384283.aspx">the original</a> on 2012-02-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Es+oficial%3A+Costa+Rica+adopt%C3%B3+formato+japon%C3%A9s+brasile%C3%B1o+de+televisi%C3%B3n+digital+-+ALDEAGLOBAL+-+la+Naci%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nacion.com%2F2010-05-25%2FAldeaGlobal%2FUltimaHora%2FAldeaGlobal2384283.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150530141842/http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/?p=25005">"Decreto presidencial 4483 de Paraguay"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/?p=25005">the original</a> on 2015-05-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decreto+presidencial+4483+de+Paraguay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidencia.gov.py%2Fv1%2F%3Fp%3D25005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151105221706/https://ntc.gov.ph/laws/mc/MC%202010/MC%2002-06-2010%20Standard%20for%20Digital%20Terrestrial%20Television%20(DTT)%20Broadcast%20Service.pdf/">"NTC Philippines"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntc.gov.ph/laws/mc/MC%202010/MC%2002-06-2010%20Standard%20for%20Digital%20Terrestrial%20Television%20(DTT)%20Broadcast%20Service.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2015-11-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-05-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NTC+Philippines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntc.gov.ph%2Flaws%2Fmc%2FMC%25202010%2FMC%252002-06-2010%2520Standard%2520for%2520Digital%2520Terrestrial%2520Television%2520%28DTT%29%2520Broadcast%2520Service.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/sci/noticias/2010/12/2010122707.htm">Uruguayan government news (in spanish)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110318073241/http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/sci/noticias/2010/12/2010122707.htm">Archived</a> 2011-03-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171017223243/http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/eng/Releases/Telecommunications/140520_04.html">"Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Japan"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/eng/Releases/Telecommunications/140520_04.html">the original</a> on 2017-10-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ministry+of+Internal+Affairs+and+Communications+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soumu.go.jp%2Fmain_sosiki%2Fjoho_tsusin%2Feng%2FReleases%2FTelecommunications%2F140520_04.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100911073806/http://www.fiercemobilecontent.com/story/japan-regulators-favor-isdb-tmm-not-mediaflo-mobile-tv/2010-09-08">"Japan regulators favor ISDB-Tmm, not MediaFLO, for mobile TV"</a>. FierceWireless. 2010-09-08. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiercemobilecontent.com/story/japan-regulators-favor-isdb-tmm-not-mediaflo-mobile-tv/2010-09-08">the original</a> on 2010-09-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+regulators+favor+ISDB-Tmm%2C+not+MediaFLO%2C+for+mobile+TV&rft.pub=FierceWireless&rft.date=2010-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiercemobilecontent.com%2Fstory%2Fjapan-regulators-favor-isdb-tmm-not-mediaflo-mobile-tv%2F2010-09-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100911100943/http://mobile.engadget.com/2010/09/09/japan-chooses-isdb-tmm-over-mediaflo-for-new-mobile-tv-network/">"Japan chooses ISDB-Tmm over MediaFLO for new mobile TV network, KDDI pouts"</a>. Engadget. 2010-09-09. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mobile.engadget.com/2010/09/09/japan-chooses-isdb-tmm-over-mediaflo-for-new-mobile-tv-network/">the original</a> on 2010-09-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+chooses+ISDB-Tmm+over+MediaFLO+for+new+mobile+TV+network%2C+KDDI+pouts&rft.pub=Engadget&rft.date=2010-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmobile.engadget.com%2F2010%2F09%2F09%2Fjapan-chooses-isdb-tmm-over-mediaflo-for-new-mobile-tv-network%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01ryutsu07_01000005.html">"207.5 MHz以上222 MHz以下の周波数を使用する特定基地局の開設計画の認定"</a> [The licence approval of the plan to use specific broadcasting station for 207.5–222 MHz band usage] (in Japanese). Tokyo: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_and_Communications" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications">Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications</a>. 2010-09-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=207.5+MHz%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8A222+MHz%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8B%E3%81%AE%E5%91%A8%E6%B3%A2%E6%95%B0%E3%82%92%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0%E5%B1%80%E3%81%AE%E9%96%8B%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E7%94%BB%E3%81%AE%E8%AA%8D%E5%AE%9A&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Internal+Affairs+and+Communications&rft.date=2010-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soumu.go.jp%2Fmenu_news%2Fs-news%2F01ryutsu07_01000005.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://k-tai.impress.co.jp/docs/news/20100910_393010.html">"MediaFLO陣営、携帯次世代放送の認定結果に「極めて残念」"</a> ["Too much disappointed" for approval of next generation mobile broadcasting — MediaFLO team] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Impress Watch. 2010-09-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MediaFLO%E9%99%A3%E5%96%B6%E3%80%81%E6%90%BA%E5%B8%AF%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E4%BB%A3%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E3%81%AE%E8%AA%8D%E5%AE%9A%E7%B5%90%E6%9E%9C%E3%81%AB%E3%80%8C%E6%A5%B5%E3%82%81%E3%81%A6%E6%AE%8B%E5%BF%B5%E3%80%8D&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Impress+Watch&rft.date=2010-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fk-tai.impress.co.jp%2Fdocs%2Fnews%2F20100910_393010.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111007064142/http://mmbi.co.jp/news/2011/10/04/0118.html">"スマートフォン向け新放送局名称を「NOTTV（ノッティーヴィー）」に決定"</a> [Decided new broadsacsting station is named to be <i>NOTTV</i> for Smartphone] (in Japanese). Tokyo: <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/mmbi" class="extiw" title="ja:mmbi">mmbi</a>. 2011-10-04. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mmbi.co.jp/news/2011/10/04/0118.html">the original</a> on 2011-10-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3%E5%90%91%E3%81%91%E6%96%B0%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%B1%80%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0%E3%82%92%E3%80%8CNOTTV%EF%BC%88%E3%83%8E%E3%83%83%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%EF%BC%89%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AB%E6%B1%BA%E5%AE%9A&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=mmbi&rft.date=2011-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmmbi.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2011%2F10%2F04%2F0118.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plusd.itmedia.co.jp/mobile/articles/1107/14/news113.html">"サービス名は「モバキャス」、mmbiがマルチメディア放送の具体像を説明"</a> [Service is named <i>モバキャス</i><b>™</b> (Mobakyasu), <i>mmbi, Inc</i> explained concrete form of multimedia broadcasting] (in Japanese). 2011-07-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9%E5%90%8D%E3%81%AF%E3%80%8C%E3%83%A2%E3%83%90%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%80%8D%E3%80%81mmbi%E3%81%8C%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%83%81%E3%83%A1%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E3%81%AE%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%93%E5%83%8F%E3%82%92%E8%AA%AC%E6%98%8E&rft.date=2011-07-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplusd.itmedia.co.jp%2Fmobile%2Farticles%2F1107%2F14%2Fnews113.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rapidtvnews.com/index.php/201012019131/multimedia-broadcasting-appointed-sole-operator-for-japanese-mobile-media.html"><i>Japan appoints sole operator for mobile media</i></a>, Rapid TV News, 2010-12-01</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+appoints+sole+operator+for+mobile+media&rft.pub=Rapid+TV+News&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rapidtvnews.com%2Findex.php%2F201012019131%2Fmultimedia-broadcasting-appointed-sole-operator-for-japanese-mobile-media.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itmedia.co.jp/business/articles/1606/30/news153.html">"「テレビと呼ぶには、面白すぎる」NOTTV、4年超でサービス終了"</a>. <i>ITmedia ビジネスオンライン</i> (in Japanese). June 30, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ITmedia+%E3%83%93%E3%82%B8%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8C%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%83%93%E3%81%A8%E5%91%BC%E3%81%B6%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E9%9D%A2%E7%99%BD%E3%81%99%E3%81%8E%E3%82%8B%E3%80%8DNOTTV%E3%80%814%E5%B9%B4%E8%B6%85%E3%81%A7%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9%E7%B5%82%E4%BA%86&rft.date=2016-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itmedia.co.jp%2Fbusiness%2Farticles%2F1606%2F30%2Fnews153.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISDB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISDB&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dibeg.org/">Welcome to ISDB-T Official Web Site!</a> Digital Broadcasting Experts Group (DiBEG)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150529154416/http://www.isdb-t.org/">ISDB-T International Web Site!</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050308180143/http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/open99/de-2/shosai-e.html">Outline of the Specification for ISDB</a><a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050307011608/http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/tech/digital-broadcasting/kiev/Presentations/saito/ITU%20Seminar%20ISDB-T%20001108.pdf">The ISDB-T System</a><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU</a> (link is down, 2012/10/28)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/publica/bt/en/to0005-1.html">Comparison Test Results in Brazil, Clear Superiority of the ISDB-T system</a><a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326214427/http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/pdf/3888-06-en.pdf">Digital Television Laboratory and Field Test Results - Brazil</a><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150122154744/http://www.tc.ait.ac.th/faculty/teerapat/Presentation/ISDB-T_presentation.pdf">ISDB-T: Japanese Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB)</a>, (PDF) <a href="/wiki/Asian_Institute_of_Technology" title="Asian Institute of Technology">Asian Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202022555/http://www.mtc.gob.pe/portal/tdt/documentos.html#informe1">Final report of the Digital Terrestrial Television Peruvian Commission (In Spanish)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090604103831/http://www.dibeg.org/world/world.htm">Digital Broadcasting, the Launching by Country</a> Digital Broadcasting Experts Group (DiBEG)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/publica/bt/en/pa0007.html">ISDB-C – Cable Television Transmission for Digital Broadcasting in Japan</a><a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/publica/bt/en/pa0005.html">ISDB-S – Satellite Transmission System for Advanced Multimedia Services Provided by Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting</a><a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090618105318/http://www.dpa.or.jp/english/">The Association for Promotion of Digital Broadcasting (Dpa)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/publica/bt/en/pa0006.html">ISDB-T – Digital Terrestrial Television/Sound/Data Broadcasting in Japan</a><a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110323015803/http://www.gov-online.go.jp/eng/publicity/book/hlj/html/201009/201009_08.html">Switching On to ISDB-T Digital</a> Highlighting Japan September 2010 (Public Relations Office Government of Japan)</li> <li>ISDB-Tmm <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/asp/CMS/Events/2011/DigitalBroadcast-May2011/S3_Japan.pdf">Introducing ISDB-Tmm mobile multimedia broadcasting system</a> – <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU</a> (May 2010)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/asp/CMS/Events/2011/DigitalBroadcast-May2011/S5_MMBI_Japan.pdf">Deployment of Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting based on ISDB-Tmm technology in Japan</a> – <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU</a>(May 23, 2011)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Broadcast_video_formats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_formats" title="Template:Video formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_formats" title="Template talk:Video formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Broadcast_video_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">Broadcast video formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Television" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Television</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analog_television" title="Analog television">Analog</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/405-line_television_system" title="405-line television system">405 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_A" title="CCIR System A">System A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/525_lines" title="525 lines">525 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_M" title="CCIR System M">System M</a> (Color systems: <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a>, <a href="/wiki/NTSC-J" title="NTSC-J">NTSC-J</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clear-Vision" title="Clear-Vision">Clear-Vision</a>, <a href="/wiki/PAL-M" title="PAL-M">PAL-M</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-MAC" title="B-MAC">B-MAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/625_lines" title="625 lines">625 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_B" title="CCIR System B">System B</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_C" title="CCIR System C">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_D" title="CCIR System D">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_G" title="CCIR System G">G</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_H" title="CCIR System H">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_I" title="CCIR System I">I</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_K" title="CCIR System K">K</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_L" title="CCIR System L">L</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_N" title="CCIR System N">N</a> (Color systems: <a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a>, <a href="/wiki/PAL#PALN" title="PAL">PAL-N</a>, <a href="/wiki/PALplus" title="PALplus">PALplus</a>, <a href="/wiki/SECAM" title="SECAM">SECAM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplexed_Analogue_Components" title="Multiplexed Analogue Components">MAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/819_line" title="819 line">819 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_E" title="CCIR System E">System E</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_E#System_F" title="CCIR System E">F</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">1125 lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_sub-Nyquist_sampling_encoding" title="Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding">MUSE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">1250 lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HD-MAC" title="HD-MAC">HD-MAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_signal" title="Audio signal">Audio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multichannel_television_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Multichannel television sound">BTSC (MTS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIAJ_MTS" title="EIAJ MTS">EIAJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NICAM" title="NICAM">NICAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_audio_program" title="Second audio program">SAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound-in-Syncs" title="Sound-in-Syncs">Sound-in-Syncs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zweikanalton" title="Zweikanalton">Zweikanalton (A2/IGR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Hidden signals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closed_captioning" title="Closed captioning">Captioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGMS-A" title="CGMS-A">CGMS-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_program_guide" title="Electronic program guide">EPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost-canceling_reference" title="Ghost-canceling reference">GCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Delivery_Control" title="Programme Delivery Control">PDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_blanking_interval" title="Vertical blanking interval">VBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Encoded_Invisible_Light" title="Video Encoded Invisible Light">VEIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIT_signals" title="VIT signals">VIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_interval_timecode" title="Vertical interval timecode">VITC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widescreen_signaling" title="Widescreen signaling">WSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Data_Services" title="Extended Data Services">XDS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_systems_before_1940" title="Television systems before 1940">Pre-1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_television" title="Mechanical television">Mechanical television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/180-line_television_system" title="180-line television system">180-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/343-line_television_system" title="343-line television system">343-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/375-line_television_system" title="375-line television system">375-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/441-line_television_system" title="441-line television system">441-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/455-line_television_system" title="455-line television system">455-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/567-line_television_system" title="567-line television system">567-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field-sequential_color_system" title="Field-sequential color system">Field-sequential color system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Central_Television#OSKM" title="Soviet Central Television">OSKM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">Digital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Interlaced_video" title="Interlaced video">Interlaced</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard-definition_television" title="Standard-definition television">SDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/480i" title="480i">480i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/576i" title="576i">576i</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_scan" title="Progressive scan">Progressive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">LDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">240p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">288p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced-definition_television" title="Enhanced-definition television">EDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/480p" title="480p">480p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/576p" title="576p">576p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">UHDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">4K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">8K</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">MPEG-2 Video</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB" title="DVB">DVB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB_3D-TV" title="DVB 3D-TV">DVB 3D-TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ISDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat_9" title="ChinaSat 9">ABS-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Multimedia_Mobile_Broadcasting" title="China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting">CMMB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS+</a><sup id="cite_ref-avs_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avs-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat_9" title="ChinaSat 9">ABS-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">MPEG-4 Visual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MobaHo!" title="MobaHo!">MobaHo!</a><sup id="cite_ref-mobaho_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mobaho-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">MPEG-4 AVC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards#H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" title="ATSC standards">ATSC A/72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Multimedia_Mobile_Broadcasting" title="China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting">CMMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_multimedia_broadcasting" title="Digital multimedia broadcasting">DMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">SBTVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MobaHo!" title="MobaHo!">MobaHo!</a><sup id="cite_ref-mobaho_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mobaho-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2</a><sup id="cite_ref-avs_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avs-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat_9" title="ChinaSat 9">ABS-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">MPEG-H HEVC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_3.0" title="ATSC 3.0">ATSC 3.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_multimedia_broadcasting" title="Digital multimedia broadcasting">HD DMB</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#ISDB-S3">ISDB-S3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">Audio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">AC-3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">5.1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_AC-4" title="Dolby AC-4">AC-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Resolution_Adaptation" title="Dynamic Resolution Adaptation">DRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MPEG-1 Audio Layer II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Multichannel" title="MPEG Multichannel">MPEG Multichannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation" title="Pulse-code modulation">PCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_pulse-code_modulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Linear pulse-code modulation">LPCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">HE-AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H_3D_Audio" title="MPEG-H 3D Audio">MPEG-H 3D Audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Hidden signals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Format_Description" title="Active Format Description">AFD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_flag" title="Broadcast flag">Broadcast flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_captioning" title="Closed captioning">Captioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-CPCM" title="DVB-CPCM">CPCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_program_guide" title="Electronic program guide">EPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-avs-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-avs_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avs_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Also used in China's DVB-S/S2 network.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mobaho-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mobaho_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mobaho_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Defunct.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Technical_issues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Technical issues</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14:9" class="mw-redirect" title="14:9">14:9 compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast-safe" title="Broadcast-safe">Broadcast-safe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_cinema" title="Digital cinema">Digital cinema</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Cinema Initiative">DCI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_motion_blur" title="Display motion blur">Display motion blur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_image_formats" title="Moving image formats">Moving image formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG transport stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_Standards_Conversion" title="Reverse Standards Conversion">Reverse Standards Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_standards_conversion" title="Television standards conversion">Standards conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_transmitter" title="Television transmitter">Television transmitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_card" title="Test card">Test card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">Video on demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_processing" title="Video processing">Video processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widescreen_signaling" title="Widescreen signaling">Widescreen signaling</a></li> <li>Templates (<a href="/wiki/Template:Analogue_TV_transmitter_topics" title="Template:Analogue TV transmitter topics">Analogue TV Topics</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="High-definition_(HD)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:High-definition" title="Template:High-definition"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:High-definition" title="Template talk:High-definition"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:High-definition" title="Special:EditPage/Template:High-definition"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="High-definition_(HD)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">High-definition (HD)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">High-definition television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_video" title="High-definition video">High-definition video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">Ultra-high-definition television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resolutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p (HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i (Full HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p (Full HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1440p" title="1440p">1440p (Quad HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">2160p (4K Ultra HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">4320p (8K Ultra HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16K_resolution" title="16K resolution">8640p (16K Ultra HD)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analog_high-definition_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog high-definition television system">Analog broadcast</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(All defunct)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analog_high-definition_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog high-definition television system">819 line system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplexed_Analogue_Components" title="Multiplexed Analogue Components">HD MAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_sub-Nyquist_sampling_encoding" title="Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding">MUSE (Hi-Vision)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital broadcast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DMB-T/H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ISDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">SBTVD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">Surround sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Stream_Digital" title="Direct Stream Digital">DSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_eXtreme_Definition" title="Digital eXtreme Definition">DXD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Filming and storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Initiatives" title="Digital Cinema Initiatives">DCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDV" title="HDV">HDV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High-definition_pre-recorded_media_and_compression" title="High-definition pre-recorded media and compression">HD media and<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archival_Disc" title="Archival Disc">Archival Disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Blue_High-definition_Disc" title="China Blue High-definition Disc">CBHD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-VHS" title="D-VHS">D-VHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-Audio" title="DVD-Audio">DVD-Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">H.264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">H.265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">H.266</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Multilayer_Disc" title="Versatile Multilayer Disc">HD VMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laserdisc#MUSE_LD" class="mw-redirect" title="Laserdisc">MUSE LaserDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiview_Video_Coding" title="Multiview Video Coding">MVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD">Super Audio CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncompressed_video" title="Uncompressed video">Uncompressed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VC-1" title="VC-1">VC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W-VHS" title="W-VHS">W-VHS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Component_video" title="Component video">Component</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Visual_Interface" title="Digital Visual Interface">DVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VGA_connector" title="VGA connector">VGA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deployments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_television_deployments_by_country" title="List of digital television deployments by country">List of digital television deployments by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Telecommunications" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Telecommunications" title="Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Telecommunications" title="Template talk:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Telecommunications" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beacon#For_defensive_communications" title="Beacon">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_broadcasting" title="History of broadcasting">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_protection_system" title="Cable protection system">Cable protection system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite#History" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network#History" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Data compression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">video</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">Digital media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_video" title="Internet video">Internet video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">online video platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drums_in_communication" title="Drums in communication">Drums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edholm%27s_law" title="Edholm's law">Edholm's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_telegraph#History" title="Electrical telegraph">Electrical telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fax#History" title="Fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliograph#History" title="Heliograph">Heliographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_telegraph#Greek_hydraulic_semaphore_system" title="Hydraulic telegraph">Hydraulic telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Information revolution">Information revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Internet" title="History of the Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media#History" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">Mobile phone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_communication" title="Optical communication">Optical telecommunication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_telegraph" title="Optical telegraph">Optical telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pager" title="Pager">Pager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photophone" title="Photophone">Photophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_prepaid_mobile_phones" title="History of prepaid mobile phones">Prepaid mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">Radiotelephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaphore" title="Semaphore">Semaphore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phryctoria" title="Phryctoria">Phryctoria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">Semiconductor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOSFET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_transistor" title="History of the transistor">transistor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_signal" title="Smoke signal">Smoke signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">Telecommunications history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telautograph" title="Telautograph">Telautograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">Telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">Teleprinter</a> (teletype)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_telephone" title="History of the telephone">Telephone</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Telephone_Cases" title="The Telephone Cases">The Telephone Cases</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_television" title="History of television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_television" title="Streaming television">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable#Early_history:_telegraph_and_coaxial_cables" title="Submarine communications cable">Undersea telegraph line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_videotelephony" title="History of videotelephony">Videotelephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whistled_language" title="Whistled language">Whistled language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless revolution">Wireless revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Ahmed_(engineer)" title="Nasir Ahmed (engineer)">Nasir Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Howard_Armstrong" title="Edwin Howard Armstrong">Edwin Howard Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_M._Atalla" title="Mohamed M. Atalla">Mohamed M. Atalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Baran" title="Paul Baran">Paul Baran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile_Berliner" title="Emile Berliner">Emile Berliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Blake_(inventor)" title="Francis Blake (inventor)">Francis Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bourseul" title="Charles Bourseul">Charles Bourseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Houser Brattain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Chappe" title="Claude Chappe">Claude Chappe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogen_Dalal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogen Dalal">Yogen Dalal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Davis_Jr." title="Daniel Davis Jr.">Daniel Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Davies" title="Donald Davies">Donald Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Dolbear" title="Amos Dolbear">Amos Dolbear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth" title="Philo Farnsworth">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden" title="Reginald Fessenden">Reginald Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray">Elisha Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Heaviside" title="Oliver Heaviside">Oliver Heaviside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erna_Schneider_Hoover" title="Erna Schneider Hoover">Erna Schneider Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hopkins_(physicist)" title="Harold Hopkins (physicist)">Harold Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard" title="Gardiner Greene Hubbard">Gardiner Greene Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_pioneers" title="List of Internet pioneers">Internet pioneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Bob Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawon_Kahng" title="Dawon Kahng">Dawon Kahng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narinder_Singh_Kapany" title="Narinder Singh Kapany">Narinder Singh Kapany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr" title="Hedy Lamarr">Hedy Lamarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Landell_de_Moura" title="Roberto Landell de Moura">Roberto Landell de Moura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenzo_Manzetti" title="Innocenzo Manzetti">Innocenzo Manzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">Robert Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Meucci" title="Antonio Meucci">Antonio Meucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Morse" title="Samuel Morse">Samuel Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun-ichi_Nishizawa" title="Jun-ichi Nishizawa">Jun-ichi Nishizawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grafton_Page" title="Charles Grafton Page">Charles Grafton Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radia_Perlman" title="Radia Perlman">Radia Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Stepanovich Popov">Alexander Stepanovich Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivadar_Pusk%C3%A1s" title="Tivadar Puskás">Tivadar Puskás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Philipp_Reis" title="Johann Philipp Reis">Johann Philipp Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almon_Brown_Strowger" title="Almon Brown Strowger">Almon Brown Strowger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sutton_(inventor)" title="Henry Sutton (inventor)">Henry Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner_Tainter" title="Charles Sumner Tainter">Charles Sumner Tainter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Tissot" title="Camille Tissot">Camille Tissot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Vail" title="Alfred Vail">Alfred Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Watson" title="Thomas A. Watson">Thomas A. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Charles Wheatstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transmission_medium" title="Transmission medium">Transmission<br />media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">Coaxial cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">Fiber-optic communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fiber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-space_optical_communication" title="Free-space optical communication">Free-space optical communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_communication" title="Molecular communication">Molecular communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio waves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_line" title="Transmission line">Transmission line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunication_circuit" title="Telecommunication circuit">telecommunication circuit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Network_topology" title="Network topology">Network topology</a><br />and switching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">Bandwidth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_link" title="Telecommunications link">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Node_(networking)" title="Node (networking)">Nodes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_(telecommunication)" title="Terminal (telecommunication)">terminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">Network switching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_switching" title="Circuit switching">circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_switching" title="Packet switching">packet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange" title="Telephone exchange">Telephone exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multiplexing" title="Multiplexing">Multiplexing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space-division_multiple_access" title="Space-division multiple access">Space-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Frequency-division multiplexing">Frequency-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing" title="Time-division multiplexing">Time-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarization-division_multiplexing" title="Polarization-division multiplexing">Polarization-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_angular_momentum_multiplexing" title="Orbital angular momentum multiplexing">Orbital angular-momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access" title="Code-division multiple access">Code-division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Communication protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_communication" title="Data communication">Data transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_and_forward" title="Store and forward">Store and forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">Telecommunications equipment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Types of network</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Network">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">LAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-generation_network" title="Next-generation network">NGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_network" title="Public switched telephone network">Public Switched Telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_network" title="Radio network">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Television broadcasting">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telex" title="Telex">Telex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UUCP" title="UUCP">UUCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">WAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">Wireless network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Notable networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">BITNET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYCLADES" title="CYCLADES">CYCLADES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet2" title="Internet2">Internet2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JANET" title="JANET">JANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPL_network" title="NPL network">NPL network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toasternet" title="Toasternet">Toasternet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Africa" title="Category:Telecommunications in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li>Americas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_North_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in North America">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_South_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in South America">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communications_in_Antarctica" title="Category:Communications in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Asia" title="Category:Telecommunications in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Europe" title="Category:Telecommunications in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Oceania" title="Category:Telecommunications in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_telecommunications_regulatory_bodies" title="List of telecommunications regulatory bodies">Global telecommunications regulation bodies</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/16px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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