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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1"/><title>Strong's Greek: 4645. σκληρύνω (sklérunó) -- To harden</title></title><link rel="canonical" href="http://biblehub.com/greek/4645.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/strongsnew2.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-LR4HSKRP2H"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-LR4HSKRP2H'); </script><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/interlinear/vmenus/acts/5-36.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="//biblehu.com/bmstrongs/greek/4645.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/strongs.htm">Strong's</a> > <a href="/englishmans_greek.htm">Greek</a> > 4645</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="../greek/4644.htm" title="4644">◄</a> 4645. sklérunó <a href="../greek/4646.htm" title="4646">►</a></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheading">Strong's Lexicon</div><div align="left"><span class="toptitle2">sklérunó: To harden</span></div><p><span class="tophdg">Original Word: </span><span class="greek">σκληρύνω</span><br><span class="tophdg">Part of Speech: </span>Verb<br><span class="tophdg">Transliteration: </span>sklérunó<br><span class="tophdg">Pronunciation: </span>sklay-ROO-no<br><span class="tophdg">Phonetic Spelling: </span>(sklay-roo'-no)<br><span class="tophdg">Definition: </span>To harden<br><span class="tophdg">Meaning: </span>I harden, make hard, make stubborn.<p><span class="tophdg">Word Origin: </span>From the Greek word σκληρός (skleros), meaning "hard" or "harsh."<p><span class="tophdg">Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: </span> - <b>H2388 (chazaq):</b> Often translated as "to harden," particularly in the context of Pharaoh's heart in Exodus.<p> - <b>H7185 (qashah):</b> Meaning "to be hard" or "to be severe," used in contexts of stubbornness or obstinacy.<p><span class="tophdg">Usage: </span>The verb "sklérunó" means to make hard or to harden. In a biblical context, it often refers to the hardening of the heart, which implies a resistance or insensitivity to God's voice or will. This hardening can be self-imposed or divinely allowed as a form of judgment or testing.<p><span class="tophdg">Cultural and Historical Background: </span>In ancient Greek culture, the concept of hardening was often associated with stubbornness or obstinacy. In the biblical narrative, the hardening of the heart is a significant theme, particularly in the context of God's interactions with humanity. It reflects a spiritual state where individuals or groups become resistant to divine influence, often leading to moral and spiritual decline.<div class="vheading2">HELPS Word-studies</div><p class="discovery"><b>Cognate: 4645</b> <i>sklērýnō</i> – properly, to harden; become inflexible (literally "dried out"); (figuratively) obstinately stubborn, resisting what God says is right. <a href="/greek/4642.htm">See 4642</a> (<i>sklēros</i>).</p><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/discovery.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe><div class="vheading2">NAS Exhaustive Concordance</div><span class="hdg">Word Origin</span><br>from <a href="/greek/4642.htm">skléros</a><br><span class="hdg">Definition</span><br>to harden<br><span class="hdg">NASB Translation</span><br>becoming hardened (1), harden (3), hardened (1), hardens (1).<p><div align="center"><span class="smalltext"><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/nasec.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe></span></div><div class="vheading2">Thayer's Greek Lexicon</div><span class="maintitle">STRONGS NT 4645: σκληρύνω</span><br><br><span class="arttitle"><span class="grktitle">σκληρύνω</span></span> (cf. <span class="abbreviation">Winer</span>'s Grammar, 92 (88)); 1 aorist subjunctive 2 person plural <span class="greek2">σκληρύνητε</span>; passive, imperfect <span class="greek2">ἐσκληρυνομην</span>; 1 aorist <span class="greek2">ἐσκληρυνθην</span>; (<span class="greek2">σκληρός</span>, which see); the <span class="manuref">Sept.</span> for <span class="hebrew">הִקְשָׁה</span> and <span class="hebrew">הִזֵּק</span>, <span class="accented">to make hard, to harden</span>; properly, in <span class="abbreviation">Hippocrates</span> and <span class="abbreviation">Galen</span>; metaphorically, <span class="accented">to render obstinate, stubborn</span> (<span class="abbreviation">A. V.</span> <span class="accented">to harden</span>): <span class="greek2">τινα</span>, <a href="/interlinear/romans/9-18.htm">Romans 9:18</a> (in opposed to those who interpret it <span class="accented">to treat harshly,</span> cf. Fritzsche, vol. ii., p. 323f; (cf., too, Meyer at the passage)); <span class="greek2">τήν</span> <span class="greek2">καρδίαν</span> <span class="greek2">τίνος</span>, <a href="/interlinear/hebrews/3-8.htm">Hebrews 3:8, 15</a> and <a href="/interlinear/hebrews/4-7.htm">Hebrews 4:7</a> (from <a href="/interlinear/psalms/94-8.htm">Psalm 94:8</a><FOOTNOTE:10> (<BIBLE/CHAPTER_VERSE:Ps. 95:8>); cf. <a href="/interlinear/exodus/7-3.htm">Exodus 7:3, 22</a>; <a href="/interlinear/exodus/8-19.htm">Exodus 8:19</a>; <a href="/interlinear/exodus/9-12.htm">Exodus 9:12</a>); passive (the <span class="manuref">Sept.</span> for <span class="hebrew">קָשָׁה</span> and <span class="hebrew">חָזַק</span>) <span class="accented">to be hardened, i. e. become obstinate or stubborn</span>: <a href="/interlinear/acts/19-9.htm">Acts 19:9</a>; <a href="/interlinear/hebrews/3-13.htm">Hebrews 3:13</a>.<FOOTNOTE:1> <br><br><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/bsoft.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe><div class="vheading2">Strong's Exhaustive Concordance</div>harden. <p>From <a href="/greek/4642.htm">skleros</a>; to indurate, i.e. (figuratively) render stubborn -- harden. <p>see GREEK <a href="/greek/4642.htm">skleros</a> <div class="vheading2">Forms and Transliterations</div>εσκλήρυναν εσκλήρυνας εσκλήρυνε εσκληρύνθη εσκληρυνοντο εσκληρύνοντο ἐσκληρύνοντο σκληρυνει σκληρύνει σκληρυνείτε σκληρυνητε σκληρύνητε σκληρυνθείη σκληρυνθη σκληρυνθή σκληρυνθῇ σκληρυνομένη σκληρυνώ σκληρώς σκνίπα σκνίπες σκολιάζων esklerunonto esklērunonto esklerynonto esklerýnonto esklērynonto esklērýnonto sklerunei sklērunei sklerunete sklērunēte sklerunthe sklērunthē sklerynei sklerýnei sklērynei sklērýnei sklerynete sklerýnete sklērynēte sklērýnēte sklerynthe sklērynthē sklerynthêi sklērynthē̂i<div class="vheading2">Links</div><a href="/interlinear/matthew/1-1.htm">Interlinear Greek</a> • <a href="/interlinear/genesis/1-1.htm">Interlinear Hebrew</a> • <a href="/strongs.htm">Strong's Numbers</a> • <a href="/englishmans_greek.htm">Englishman's Greek Concordance</a> • <a href="/englishmans_hebrew.htm">Englishman's Hebrew Concordance</a> • <a href="/texts/matthew/1-1.htm">Parallel Texts</a></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><div class="vheading">Englishman's Concordance</div><b><a href="/text/acts/19-9.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Acts 19:9</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Imperfect Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person Plural">V-IIM/P-3P</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/acts/19.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">δέ τινες <b>ἐσκληρύνοντο</b> καὶ ἠπείθουν</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/acts/19.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> some <span class="itali">were becoming hardened</span> and disobedient,<br><a href="/kjvs/acts/19.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> divers <span class="itali">were hardened,</span> and<br><a href="/interlinear/acts/19-9.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> moreover some <span class="itali">were hardened</span> and disobeyed<p><b><a href="/text/romans/9-18.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Romans 9:18</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular">V-PIA-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/romans/9.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">δὲ θέλει <b>σκληρύνει</b> </span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/romans/9.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> He desires, <span class="itali">and He hardens</span> whom<br><a href="/kjvs/romans/9.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> whom he will <span class="itali">he hardeneth.</span><br><a href="/interlinear/romans/9-18.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> however he wants <span class="itali">he hardens</span><p><b><a href="/text/hebrews/3-8.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Hebrews 3:8</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Subjunctive Active - 2nd Person Plural">V-PSA-2P</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/hebrews/3.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">μὴ <b>σκληρύνητε</b> τὰς καρδίας</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/hebrews/3.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> <span class="itali">DO NOT HARDEN</span> YOUR HEARTS AS WHEN<br><a href="/kjvs/hebrews/3.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> <span class="itali">Harden</span> not your<br><a href="/interlinear/hebrews/3-8.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> [do] not <span class="itali">harden</span> the hearts<p><b><a href="/text/hebrews/3-13.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Hebrews 3:13</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Passive - 3rd Person Singular">V-ASP-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/hebrews/3.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἵνα μὴ <b>σκληρυνθῇ</b> τις ἐξ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/hebrews/3.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> that none <span class="itali">of you will be hardened</span> by the deceitfulness<br><a href="/kjvs/hebrews/3.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> you <span class="itali">be hardened</span> through the deceitfulness<br><a href="/interlinear/hebrews/3-13.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> that not <span class="itali">might be hardened</span> any of<p><b><a href="/text/hebrews/3-15.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Hebrews 3:15</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Subjunctive Active - 2nd Person Plural">V-PSA-2P</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/hebrews/3.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἀκούσητε Μὴ <b>σκληρύνητε</b> τὰς καρδίας</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/hebrews/3.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> HIS VOICE, <span class="itali">DO NOT HARDEN</span> YOUR HEARTS,<br><a href="/kjvs/hebrews/3.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> his voice, <span class="itali">harden</span> not your<br><a href="/interlinear/hebrews/3-15.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> you will hear [do] not <span class="itali">harden</span> the hearts<p><b><a href="/text/hebrews/4-7.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Hebrews 4:7</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Subjunctive Active - 2nd Person Plural">V-PSA-2P</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/hebrews/4.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἀκούσητε μὴ <b>σκληρύνητε</b> τὰς καρδίας</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/hebrews/4.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> HIS VOICE, <span class="itali">DO NOT HARDEN</span> YOUR HEARTS.<br><a href="/kjvs/hebrews/4.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> his voice, <span class="itali">harden</span> not your<br><a href="/interlinear/hebrews/4-7.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> you will hear not <span class="itali">harden</span> the hearts<p><b><a href="/greek/4645.htm">Strong's Greek 4645</a><br><a href="/greek/strongs_4645.htm">6 Occurrences</a></b><br><br><a href="/greek/eskle_runonto_4645.htm">ἐσκληρύνοντο — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/skle_rune_te_4645.htm">σκληρύνητε — 3 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/skle_runei_4645.htm">σκληρύνει — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/skle_runthe__4645.htm">σκληρυνθῇ — 1 Occ.</a><br><br></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script><br /><br /> </div> <div id="left"><a href="/greek/4644.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="4644"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="4644" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/greek/4646.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="4646"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="4646" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhchap.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>