CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="th" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>บริติชราช - วิกิพีเดีย</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )thwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"thai", "wgMonthNames":["","มกราคม","กุมภาพันธ์","มีนาคม","เมษายน","พฤษภาคม","มิถุนายน","กรกฎาคม","สิงหาคม","กันยายน","ตุลาคม","พฤศจิกายน","ธันวาคม"],"wgRequestId":"6f907453-2e25-4b71-a476-b4201ad02fb5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"บริติชราช","wgTitle":"บริติชราช","wgCurRevisionId":11908846,"wgRevisionId":11908846,"wgArticleId":112120,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1: long volume value","บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาอังกฤษ","บทความทั้งหมดที่มีลิงก์เสีย", "บทความที่เรียกใช้แม่แบบโดยใส่วันที่ไม่ถูกต้อง","บทความทั้งหมดที่ยังไม่สมบูรณ์","บทความที่มีลิงก์เสียตั้งแต่July 2022","บริติชอินเดีย","อินเดียสมัยอาณานิคม","รัฐสิ้นสภาพในทวีปเอเชีย","รัฐและดินแดนที่ก่อตั้งในปี พ.ศ. 2401","สิ้นสุดในปี พ.ศ. 2490","ประวัติศาสตร์ปากีสถาน","ประวัติศาสตร์บังกลาเทศ","รัฐสิ้นสภาพในประเทศอินเดีย","รัฐสิ้นสภาพในประเทศปากีสถาน", "รัฐสิ้นสภาพในประเทศพม่า","พม่าภายใต้การปกครองของสหราชอาณาจักร","อดีตอาณานิคมและรัฐในอารักขาของอังกฤษในทวีปเอเชีย","การล่มสลายของจักรวรรดิโมกุล","บทความเกี่ยวกับ ประวัติศาสตร์ ที่ยังไม่สมบูรณ์"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"th","wgPageContentLanguage":"th","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"บริติชราช","wgRelevantArticleId":112120,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{ "pageLanguageCode":"th","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"th"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q129286","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready", "mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents", "ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=th&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=th&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=th&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=th&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.15"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg/1200px-British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="980"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg/800px-British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="653"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg/640px-British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="523"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="บริติชราช - วิกิพีเดีย"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//th.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="แก้ไข" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="วิกิพีเดีย (th)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//th.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.th"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="ฟีดอะตอม วิกิพีเดีย" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-บริติชราช rootpage-บริติชราช skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">ข้ามไปเนื้อหา</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="เมนูหลัก" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เมนูหลัก" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เมนูหลัก</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เมนูหลัก</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การนำทาง </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="เยี่ยมชมหน้าหลัก [z]" accesskey="z"><span>หน้าหลัก</span></a></li><li id="n-ask" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1"><span>ถามคำถาม</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ค้นหาข้อมูลเบื้องหลังในเหตุการณ์ปัจจุบัน"><span>เหตุการณ์ปัจจุบัน</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1" title="โหลดหน้าแบบสุ่ม [x]" accesskey="x"><span>สุ่มบทความ</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="ทำความรู้จักวิกิพีเดีย"><span>เกี่ยวกับวิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="วิธีการติดต่อวิกิพีเดีย"><span>ติดต่อเรา</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> มีส่วนร่วม </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D" title="ข้อแนะนำการใช้และแก้ไขวิกิพีเดีย"><span>คำอธิบาย</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99"><span>เริ่มต้นเขียน</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1" title="เกี่ยวกับโครงการ สิ่งที่คุณทำได้ และวิธีการค้นหา"><span>ศาลาประชาคม</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในวิกินี้ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>ปรับปรุงล่าสุด</span></a></li><li id="n-discord" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94"><span>ดิสคอร์ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="วิกิพีเดีย" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-th.svg" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 1.6875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="สารานุกรมเสรี" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-th.svg" width="100" height="18" style="width: 6.25em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ค้นหา</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" aria-label="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="พิเศษ:ค้นหา"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ค้นหา</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-บริติชอินเดียและรัฐมหาราชา" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#บริติชอินเดียและรัฐมหาราชา"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>บริติชอินเดียและรัฐมหาราชา</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-บริติชอินเดียและรัฐมหาราชา-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle บริติชอินเดียและรัฐมหาราชา subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-บริติชอินเดียและรัฐมหาราชา-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-มณฑลขนาดใหญ่" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#มณฑลขนาดใหญ่"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>มณฑลขนาดใหญ่</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-มณฑลขนาดใหญ่-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ธงที่เกี่ยวข้อง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ธงที่เกี่ยวข้อง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ธงที่เกี่ยวข้อง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ธงที่เกี่ยวข้อง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-หมายเหตุ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#หมายเหตุ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>หมายเหตุ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-หมายเหตุ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-บรรณานุกรม" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#บรรณานุกรม"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>บรรณานุกรม</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-บรรณานุกรม-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle บรรณานุกรม subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-บรรณานุกรม-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับด้านการสำรวจ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับด้านการสำรวจ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับด้านการสำรวจ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับด้านการสำรวจ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-แหล่งอ้างอิงที่ได้รับการศึกษาเป็นพิเศษ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#แหล่งอ้างอิงที่ได้รับการศึกษาเป็นพิเศษ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>แหล่งอ้างอิงที่ได้รับการศึกษาเป็นพิเศษ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-แหล่งอ้างอิงที่ได้รับการศึกษาเป็นพิเศษ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับด้านเศรษฐกิจและประวัติศาสตร์สังคม" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับด้านเศรษฐกิจและประวัติศาสตร์สังคม"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับด้านเศรษฐกิจและประวัติศาสตร์สังคม</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับด้านเศรษฐกิจและประวัติศาสตร์สังคม-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับประวัติศาสตร์นิพนธ์และความทรงจำ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับประวัติศาสตร์นิพนธ์และความทรงจำ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับประวัติศาสตร์นิพนธ์และความทรงจำ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับประวัติศาสตร์นิพนธ์และความทรงจำ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-หนังสืออ่านเพิ่ม" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#หนังสืออ่านเพิ่ม"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>หนังสืออ่านเพิ่ม</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-หนังสืออ่านเพิ่ม-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle หนังสืออ่านเพิ่ม subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-หนังสืออ่านเพิ่ม-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-หนังสือประจำรายปีและการบันทึกทางสถิติ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#หนังสือประจำรายปีและการบันทึกทางสถิติ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>หนังสือประจำรายปีและการบันทึกทางสถิติ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-หนังสือประจำรายปีและการบันทึกทางสถิติ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="สารบัญ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">บริติชราช</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 90 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="ब्रिटिश राज – อังคิกา" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ब्रिटिश राज" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="อังคิกา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="الراج البريطاني – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الراج البريطاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="الراج البريطانى – อาหรับพื้นเมืองอียิปต์" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الراج البريطانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="อาหรับพื้นเมืองอียิปต์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9B_%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C" title="ব্ৰিটিছ ৰাজ – อัสสัม" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ব্ৰিটিছ ৰাজ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="อัสสัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raj_brit%C3%A1nicu" title="Raj británicu – อัสตูเรียส" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Raj británicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="อัสตูเรียส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCst%C9%99ml%C9%99k%C9%99_Hindistan%C4%B1" title="Müstəmləkə Hindistanı – อาเซอร์ไบจาน" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Müstəmləkə Hindistanı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="อาเซอร์ไบจาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="بریتانیا هیندوستانی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بریتانیا هیندوستانی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Британия Һиндостаны – บัชคีร์" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Британия Һиндостаны" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="บัชคีร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Брытанская Індыя – เบลารุส" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Брытанская Індыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="เบลารุส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Брытанская Індыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Брытанская Індыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Британска Индия – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Британска Индия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="ब्रिटिश राज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ब्रिटिश राज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4" title="ব্রিটিশ ভারত – บังกลา" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্রিটিশ ভারত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="บังกลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raj_breizhveuriat" title="Raj breizhveuriat – เบรตัน" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Raj breizhveuriat" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="เบรตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raj_brit%C3%A0nic" title="Raj britànic – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Raj britànic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%ACng-gu%C3%B3k_li%C4%81ng_%C3%89ng-d%C3%B4_D%C3%A1%CC%A4-gu%C3%B3k" title="Ĭng-guók liāng Éng-dô Dá̤-guók – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ĭng-guók liāng Éng-dô Dá̤-guók" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%95%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="بەریتانی ڕاج – เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەریتانی ڕاج" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britsk%C3%A1_Indie" title="Britská Indie – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Britská Indie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Raj_Prydeinig" title="Y Raj Prydeinig – เวลส์" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Raj Prydeinig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="เวลส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Βρετανικές Ινδίες – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βρετανικές Ινδίες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="British Raj" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brita_Ra%C4%9Do" title="Brita Raĝo – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Brita Raĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_brit%C3%A1nica" title="India británica – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="India británica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britainiar_Raj" title="Britainiar Raj – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Britainiar Raj" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="راج بریتانیا – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راج بریتانیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittil%C3%A4inen_Intia" title="Brittiläinen Intia – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Brittiläinen Intia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="บทความคุณภาพ"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raj_britannique" title="Raj britannique – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Raj britannique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9imeas_Briotanach" title="Réimeas Briotanach – ไอริช" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Réimeas Briotanach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ไอริช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raj_Brit%C3%A1nico" title="Raj Británico – กาลิเซีย" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Raj Británico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="กาลิเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%AEn-koet_li%C3%A2ng_Yin-thu_Ti-koet" title="Yîn-koet liâng Yin-thu Ti-koet – จีนแคะ" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yîn-koet liâng Yin-thu Ti-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="จีนแคะ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%92%27_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99" title="הראג' הבריטי – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הראג' הבריטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="ब्रिटिश राज – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्रिटिश राज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanska_Indija" title="Britanska Indija – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Britanska Indija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Բրիտանական Հնդկաստան – อาร์เมเนีย" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրիտանական Հնդկաստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="อาร์เมเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raj_Britania_Raya" title="Raj Britania Raya – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Raj Britania Raya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_anglo-indiano" title="Impero anglo-indiano – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Impero anglo-indiano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="บทความคุณภาพ"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E9%A0%98%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="イギリス領インド帝国 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イギリス領インド帝国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ბრიტანეთის ინდოეთი – จอร์เจีย" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრიტანეთის ინდოეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="จอร์เจีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britaniya_Hindstan%C4%B1" title="Britaniya Hindstanı – การา-กาลพาก" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Britaniya Hindstanı" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="การา-กาลพาก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="인도 제국 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도 제국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%B2%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C_%DB%81%D9%90%D9%86%D8%AF" title="بَرطٲنوی ہِند – แคชเมียร์" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بَرطٲنوی ہِند" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="แคชเมียร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81_%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A" title="ບຣິດທິກ ຣາຊ – ลาว" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ບຣິດທິກ ຣາຊ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ลาว" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit%C5%B3_Indija" title="Britų Indija – ลิทัวเนีย" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Britų Indija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ลิทัวเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britu_Indija" title="Britu Indija – ลัตเวีย" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Britu Indija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ลัตเวีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="ब्रिटिश राज – ไมถิลี" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ब्रिटिश राज" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="ไมถิลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Британска Индија – มาซิโดเนีย" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Британска Индија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="มาซิโดเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" title="ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് രാജ് – มาลายาลัม" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് രാജ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="มาลายาลัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="ब्रिटिश राज – มราฐี" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ब्रिटिश राज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="มราฐี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raj_British" title="Raj British – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Raj British" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%87" title="ဗြိတိသျှရာဇ – พม่า" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗြိတိသျှရာဇ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="พม่า" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="ब्रिटिस राज – เนปาล" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ब्रिटिस राज" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="เนปาล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brits-Indi%C3%AB" title="Brits-Indië – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brits-Indië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britisk_India" title="Britisk India – นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Britisk India" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britisk_India" title="Britisk India – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Britisk India" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raj_Britanic" title="Raj Britanic – อ็อกซิตัน" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Raj Britanic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="อ็อกซิตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਬਰਤਾਨਵੀ ਰਾਜ – ปัญจาบ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਰਤਾਨਵੀ ਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ปัญจาบ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie_Brytyjskie" title="Indie Brytyjskie – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Indie Brytyjskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="برطانوی راج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برطانوی راج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="برېتانوي هند – พัชโต" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="برېتانوي هند" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="พัชโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndia_brit%C3%A2nica" title="Índia britânica – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Índia britânica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_Britanic%C4%83" title="India Britanică – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="India Britanică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Британская Индия – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Британская Индия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Брітаньска Індія – รูซิน" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Брітаньска Індія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="รูซิน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ – สันตาลี" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="สันตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breetish_Raj" title="Breetish Raj – สกอตส์" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Breetish Raj" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="สกอตส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%84" title="برطانوي راڄ – สินธิ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="برطانوي راڄ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="สินธิ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanska_Indija" title="Britanska Indija – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Britanska Indija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="British Raj" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britsk%C3%A1_India" title="Britská India – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Britská India" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C_%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF" title="برطانوی ہند – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="برطانوی ہند" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanska_Indija" title="Britanska Indija – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Britanska Indija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raxhi_Britanik" title="Raxhi Britanik – แอลเบเนีย" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Raxhi Britanik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="แอลเบเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Британска Индија – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Британска Индија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittiska_Indien" title="Brittiska Indien – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brittiska Indien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhindi_ya_Kiingereza" title="Uhindi ya Kiingereza – สวาฮีลี" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uhindi ya Kiingereza" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="สวาฮีลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="பிரித்தானியாவின் இந்தியப் பேரரசு – ทมิฬ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரித்தானியாவின் இந்தியப் பேரரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ทมิฬ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%A8" title="భారతదేశంలో బ్రిటిషు పాలన – เตลูกู" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భారతదేశంలో బ్రిటిషు పాలన" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="เตลูกู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%91" title="Ҳиндустони Бритониё – ทาจิก" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳиндустони Бритониё" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ทาจิก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanikong_Raj" title="Britanikong Raj – ตากาล็อก" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Britanikong Raj" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ตากาล็อก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanya_Hindistan%C4%B1" title="Britanya Hindistanı – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Britanya Hindistanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Британия Һиндстаны – ตาตาร์" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Британия Һиндстаны" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ตาตาร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Британська Індія – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Британська Індія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="برطانوی راج – อูรดู" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برطانوی راج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="อูรดู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britaniya_Hindistoni" title="Britaniya Hindistoni – อุซเบก" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Britaniya Hindistoni" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="อุซเบก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inpero_anglo-indian" title="Inpero anglo-indian – เวเนโต้" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Inpero anglo-indian" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="เวเนโต้" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raj_thu%E1%BB%99c_Anh" title="Raj thuộc Anh – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Raj thuộc Anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%9E%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="英属印度 – จีนอู๋" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="英属印度" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="จีนอู๋" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%9E%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="英属印度 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="英属印度" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eng-kok_l%C3%A9ng_%C3%8Cn-t%C5%8D%CD%98_T%C3%A8-kok" title="Eng-kok léng Ìn-tō͘ Tè-kok – จีนมินหนาน" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Eng-kok léng Ìn-tō͘ Tè-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="จีนมินหนาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="英屬印度 – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="英屬印度" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q129286#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" title="ดูหน้าเนื้อหา [c]" accesskey="c"><span>บทความ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" rel="discussion" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับหน้าเนื้อหา [t]" accesskey="t"><span>อภิปราย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เปลี่ยนรูปแบบภาษา" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ไทย</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ดู"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&action=history" title="แก้ไขเก่าของหน้านี้ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เครื่องมือ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การกระทำ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&action=history"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ทั่วไป </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" title="รายการหน้าวิกิทุกหน้าที่ลิงก์มาที่นี่ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>หน้าที่ลิงก์มา</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" rel="nofollow" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในหน้าที่ลิงก์จากหน้านี้ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกี่ยวโยง</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//th.wikipedia.org/wiki/วิกิพีเดีย:อัปโหลด" title="อัปโหลดไฟล์ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>อัปโหลดไฟล์</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9" title="รายการหน้าพิเศษทั้งหมด [q]" accesskey="q"><span>หน้าพิเศษ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&oldid=11908846" title="ลิงก์ถาวรมารุ่นนี้ของหน้านี้"><span>ลิงก์ถาวร</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&action=info" title="ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับหน้านี้"><span>สารสนเทศหน้า</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&page=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&id=11908846&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="สารสนเทศเกี่ยวกับวิธีการอ้างอิงหน้านี้"><span>อ้างอิงบทความนี้</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%258A%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%258A"><span>รับยูอาร์แอลแบบสั้น</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%258A%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%258A"><span>ดาวน์โหลดคิวอาร์โค้ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> พิมพ์/ส่งออก </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:British_Raj" hreflang="en"><span>วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q129286" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em;font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="adr" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">อินเดีย</div><br /></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">ค.ศ. 1858–ค.ศ. 1947</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="แผนที่ของอินเดียใน ค.ศ. 1909 โดยสีชมพูแสดงถึงอินเดียของบริเตนในทั้งสองระดับสี และสีเหลืองแสดงถึงรัฐของเหล่ามหาราชา"><img alt="แผนที่ของอินเดียใน ค.ศ. 1909 โดยสีชมพูแสดงถึงอินเดียของบริเตนในทั้งสองระดับสี และสีเหลืองแสดงถึงรัฐของเหล่ามหาราชา" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg/250px-British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg/375px-British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg/500px-British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1498" data-file-height="1223" /></a></span><div style="position:relative;top:0.3em;">แผนที่ของอินเดียใน ค.ศ. 1909 โดยสีชมพูแสดงถึง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="เขตปกครองและมณฑลของบริติชอินเดีย">อินเดียของบริเตน</a>ในทั้งสองระดับสี และสีเหลืองแสดงถึง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2" title="รัฐมหาราชา">รัฐของเหล่ามหาราชา</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">สถานะ</th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A" title="จักรวรรดิบริติช">โครงสร้างทางการเมืองของจักรวรรดิบริติช</a> (ซึ่งประกอบด้วย<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="อินเดียของบริเตน">อินเดียของบริเตน</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2" title="รัฐมหาราชา">รัฐมหาราชา</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-Interpretation_Act_1889_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Interpretation_Act_1889-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87" title="เมืองหลวง">เมืองหลวง</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="โกลกาตา">กัลกัตตา</a><sup id="cite_ref-igi-calcutta_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igi-calcutta-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(ค.ศ. 1858–1911)<br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="นิวเดลี">นิวเดลี</a><br />(ค.ศ. 1911/1931<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–1947)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="ภาษาราชการ">ภาษาราชการ</a></th><td>อังกฤษและ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9" title="ภาษาอูรดู">อูรดู</a><sup id="cite_ref-urdu1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urdu1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-everaert-urdu-official_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-everaert-urdu-official-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">การปกครอง</th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A" title="จักรวรรดิบริติช">รัฐบาลอาณานิคมของบริเตน</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="จักรพรรดิแห่งอินเดีย">จักรพรรดิ</a></th><td> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• ค.ศ. 1858–1901 </div></th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="สมเด็จพระราชินีนาถวิกตอเรียแห่งสหราชอาณาจักร">วิกตอเรีย</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• ค.ศ. 1901–1910 </div></th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_7_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3" title="สมเด็จพระเจ้าเอ็ดเวิร์ดที่ 7 แห่งสหราชอาณาจักร">เอ็ดเวิร์ดที่ 7</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• ค.ศ. 1910–1936 </div></th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_5_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="พระเจ้าจอร์จที่ 5 แห่งสหราชอาณาจักร">จอร์จที่ 5</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• ค.ศ. 1936 </div></th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_8" class="mw-redirect" title="สมเด็จพระเจ้าเอ็ดเวิร์ดที่ 8">เอ็ดเวิร์ดที่ 8</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• ค.ศ. 1936–1947 </div></th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_6_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="พระเจ้าจอร์จที่ 6 แห่งสหราชอาณาจักร">จอร์จที่ 6</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Governor-General of India (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อุปราช</a></th><td> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• ค.ศ. 1858–1862 (คนแรก) </div></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Canning,_1st_Earl_Canning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ชาร์ล แคนนิง</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• ค.ศ. 1947 (คนสุดท้าย) </div></th><td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2" title="หลุยส์ เมานต์แบ็ตเทน เอิร์ลเมานต์แบ็ตเทนที่ 1 แห่งพม่า">หลุยส์ เมานต์แบ็ตเทน</a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secretary_of_State_for_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secretary of State for India (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">รัฐมนตรีว่าการอินเดีย</a></th><td> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• ค.ศ. 1858–1859 (คนแรก) </div></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Stanley,_15th_Earl_of_Derby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เอ็ดเวิร์ด สแตนเลย์</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• ค.ศ. 1947 (คนสุดท้าย) </div></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hare,_5th_Earl_of_Listowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Hare, 5th Earl of Listowel (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">วิลเลียม แฮร์</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row">สภานิติบัญญัติ</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Legislative_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperial Legislative Council (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">สภานิติบัญญัติจักรวรรดิ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ประวัติศาสตร์</th><td> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%84.%E0%B8%A8._1857" title="กบฏอินเดีย ค.ศ. 1857">กบฏอินเดีย</a> </div></th><td>10 พฤษภาคม ค.ศ. 1857</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%84.%E0%B8%A8._1858" class="mw-redirect" title="พระราชบัญญัติรัฐบาลอินเดีย ค.ศ. 1858">พระราชบัญญัติรัฐบาลอินเดีย</a> </div></th><td>2 สิงหาคม ค.ศ. 1858</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%84.%E0%B8%A8._1947&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="พระราชบัญญัติอิสรภาพของอินเดีย ค.ศ. 1947 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">พระราชบัญญัติอิสรภาพของอินเดีย</a></span> </div></th><td>18 กรกฎาคม ค.ศ. 1947</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Partition of India">การแบ่งอินเดีย</a> </div></th><td>14 และ 15 สิงหาคม ค.ศ. 1947</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row">สกุลเงิน</th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="รูปีอินเดีย">รูปีอินเดีย</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <table style="width:95%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>ก่อนหน้า</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>ถัดไป</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5" title="จักรวรรดิโมกุล"><b>ค.ศ. 1858:</b><br />จักรวรรดิโมกุล</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="การปกครองของบริษัทในอินเดีย">การปกครองของบริษัทในอินเดีย</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%9E" title="ประเทศอินเดียในเครือจักรภพ"><b>ค.ศ. 1947:</b><br />อินเดียในเครือจักรภพ</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%9E" title="ประเทศปากีสถานในเครือจักรภพ">ปากีสถานในเครือจักรภพ</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="text-align:left;margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12126193">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">a quasi-federation of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidencies_and_provinces_of_British_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidencies and provinces of British India (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">presidencies and provinces</a> directly governed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Crown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Crown (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">the British Crown</a> through the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viceroy_and_Governor-General_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viceroy and Governor-General of India (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Viceroy and Governor-General of India</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> governed by Indian rulers, under the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suzerainty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suzerainty (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">suzerainty</a> of The British Crown exercised through the Viceroy of India)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Note: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simla (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Simla</a> was the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Summer_capital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Summer capital (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">summer capital</a> of the Government of <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>, not of the British Raj, i.e. the British Indian Empire, which included the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Princely_State&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princely State (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Princely States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-simla-summer-capital_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simla-summer-capital-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The proclamation for New Delhi to be the capital was made in 1911, but the city was inaugurated as the capital of the Raj in February 1931.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>บริติชราช</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>: <span lang="en">British Raj</span>) เป็นการปกครองของพระมหากษัตริย์อังกฤษใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="อนุทวีปอินเดีย">อนุทวีปอินเดีย</a><sup id="cite_ref-def-raj-stacked_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-def-raj-stacked-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> เรียกอีกอย่างว่า <b>การปกครองส่วนพระองค์ในอินเดีย</b><sup id="cite_ref-british-raj-crown-rule-stacked_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-british-raj-crown-rule-stacked-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (อังกฤษ: <span lang="en">Crown rule in India</span>) หรือ <b>การปกครองโดยตรงในอินเดีย</b><sup id="cite_ref-direct-rule-stacked_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-direct-rule-stacked-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Direct rule in India) โดยดำรงอยู่ตั้งแต่ ค.ศ. 1858 จนถึง 1947<sup id="cite_ref-period-of-raj-stacked_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-period-of-raj-stacked-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ภูมิภาคที่อยู่ภายใต้การปกครองของบริเตนแห่งนี้เรียกกันโดยทั่วไปว่า <b>อินเดีย</b> ตามการใช้งานในปัจจุบัน รวมถึงพื้นที่ในปกครองของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="สหราชอาณาจักรบริเตนใหญ่และไอร์แลนด์">สหราชอาณาจักร</a>โดยตรง ซึ่งเรียกแบบโดยรวมว่า<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="เขตปกครองและมณฑลของบริติชอินเดีย">บริติชอินเดีย</a> ตลอดจนรัฐในปกครองของเจ้าพื้นเมือง แต่เนื่องจากบรรดารัฐดังกล่าวอยู่ภายใต้อธิปไตยชั้นสูงสุดโดยบริเตน จึงทำให้พื้นที่ดังกล่าวเรียกว่า<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2" title="รัฐมหาราชา">รัฐมหาราชา</a> บางครั้งภูมิภาคแห่งนี้เรียกว่า <b>บริติช-อินเดีย</b> หรือ <b>จักรวรรดิอินเดีย</b> ถึงแม้ว่าจะเป็นชื่อเรียกอย่างไม่เป็นทางการก็ตาม<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ก่อนหน้ายุคบริติชราช อังกฤษได้ปกครองบรรดาดินแดนในอนุทวีปอินเดียผ่าน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="บริษัทอินเดียตะวันออก">บริษัทอินเดียตะวันออก</a>กว่าร้อยปี ซึ่งบริษัทนี้มีกองเรือและกองทหารเป็นของตนเอง การปกครองโดยบริษัทฯได้สิ้นสุดลงเมื่อมีการตรา<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%84.%E0%B8%A8._1858" class="mw-redirect" title="พระราชบัญญัติรัฐบาลอินเดีย ค.ศ. 1858">พระราชบัญญัติรัฐบาลอินเดีย ค.ศ. 1858</a> ในการนี้ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="สมเด็จพระราชินีนาถวิกตอเรียแห่งสหราชอาณาจักร">สมเด็จพระราชินีนาถวิกตอเรีย</a>ได้สถาปนาพระองค์เป็นจักรพรรดินีนาถแห่งอินเดีย ทรงส่งขุนนางไปปกครองอินเดียในตำแหน่งอุปราชและข้าหลวงต่างพระองค์ ต่อมาภายหลัง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="สงครามโลกครั้งที่สอง">สงครามโลกครั้งที่สอง</a> ก็ได้มีการแบ่งอินเดียแบ่งออกเป็นสอง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%9E" title="ประเทศในเครือจักรภพ">ประเทศในเครือจักรภพ</a>คือ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%9E" title="ประเทศอินเดียในเครือจักรภพ">อินเดีย</a> (ประเทศอินเดียในปัจจุบัน) และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%9E" title="ประเทศปากีสถานในเครือจักรภพ">ปากีสถาน</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศปากีสถาน">ประเทศปากีสถาน</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="ประเทศบังกลาเทศ">ประเทศบังกลาเทศ</a>ในปัจจุบัน) ส่วน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3" title="พม่าภายใต้การปกครองของสหราชอาณาจักร">พม่า</a>นั้นได้แยกตัวออกจากรัฐบาลบริติชอินเดียในปี ค.ศ. 1937 และรัฐบาลสหราชอาณาจักรปกครองโดยตรงตั้งแต่บัดนั้น </p><p>บริติชราชประกอบไปด้วยดินแดนที่เป็นประเทศอินเดียและบังกลาเทศในปัจจุบัน อีกทั้งยังมี<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99" title="เอเดน">เอเดน</a> (1839-1937), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99" title="พม่าตอนบน">พม่าตอนบน</a> (1885-1937), และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="พม่าตอนล่าง">พม่าตอนล่าง</a> (1853-1937), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="โซมาลิแลนด์ของบริเตน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">โซมาลิแลนด์ของบริเตน</a> (1884-98), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="โอมานและมัสกัต (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">โอมานและมัสกัต</a> (1892-1947), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="บาห์เรน">บาห์เรน</a> (1861-1947), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="กาตาร์">กาตาร์</a> (1916-47), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95" class="mw-redirect" title="คูเวต">คูเวต</a> (1899-1947), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="รัฐทรูเชียล">รัฐทรูเชียล</a> (1820-1947), และ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="สเตรตส์เซตเทิลเมนต์">สเตรตส์เซตเทิลเมนต์</a> (1826-67) นอกจากนี้ บริติชราชยังมีเขตอำนาจถึงดินแดนในปกครองอังกฤษในตะวันออกกลาง เงินตรารูปีอินเดียใช้กันอย่างแพร่หลายในอนุทวีปอินเดีย อย่างไรก็ตาม ในบรรดาดินแดนในบังคับของอังกฤษเหล่านี้ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="บริติชซีลอน">บริติชซีลอน</a> (ประเทศศรีลังกาในปัจจุบัน) มีฐานะเป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="คราวน์โคโลนี">คราวน์โคโลนี</a>ที่ไม่ขึ้นกับรัฐบาลอุปราชแห่งอินเดีย </p><p>ราชอาณาจักร<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="เนปาล">เนปาล</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ภูฏาน">ภูฏาน</a> แม้มีความขัดแย้งกับสหราชอาณาจักร แต่ก็ลงนามทำสนธิสัญญากันและได้รับการยอมรับในฐานะรัฐเอกราชและไม่ใช่ส่วนหนึ่งของบริติชราช<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ราชอาณาจักรสิกขิมได้รับการตั้งให้เป็นรัฐราชวงศ์หลังการลงนามในสนธิสัญญาอังกฤษ-สิกขิมในปี 1862 อย่างไรก็ตาม ไม่เคยมีการตกลงในประเด็นว่าด้วยความมีอธิปไตย <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ประเทศมัลดีฟส์">มัลดีฟส์</a>เป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2" title="รัฐในอารักขา">รัฐในอารักขา</a>ของบริเตนตั้งแต่ปี 1867 ถึงปี 1965 ซึ่งไม่ใช่ส่วนหนึ่งในบริติชราช </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:India_1862_One_Mohur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/India_1862_One_Mohur.jpg/290px-India_1862_One_Mohur.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/India_1862_One_Mohur.jpg/435px-India_1862_One_Mohur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/India_1862_One_Mohur.jpg/580px-India_1862_One_Mohur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4954" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>เหรียญทองหนึ่งโมอูร์ (เท่ากับ 15 เหรียญเงินรูปี) เป็นเงินตราที่ใช้ในบริติชราชตลอดจนในเนปาลและอัฟกานิสถาน</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="บริติชอินเดียและรัฐมหาราชา"><span id=".E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.8A.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.99.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.94.E0.B8.B5.E0.B8.A2.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B0.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.90.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.8A.E0.B8.B2"></span>บริติชอินเดียและรัฐมหาราชา</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: บริติชอินเดียและรัฐมหาราชา"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>อินเดียในยุคของบริติชราช ประกอบด้วยดินแดนสองประเภท คือ <i>บริติชอินเดีย</i> ปกครองและบริหารโดยรัฐบาลกลาง กับ <i>รัฐพื้นเมือง (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2" title="รัฐมหาราชา">รัฐมหาราชา</a>) </i> ปกครองโดยเจ้าอินเดียแต่บริหารโดยรัฐบาลกลาง ทั้งนี้ในมาตรา 18 ของพระราชบัญญัติจำกัดความ ค.ศ. 1889 (Interpretation Act) บัญญัติไว้ว่า: </p> <blockquote> <dl><dd>(4.) คำว่า "บริติชอินเดีย" นั้นหมายถึงดินแดนและสถานที่ทั้งปวงในแผ่นดินแว่นแคว้นในสมเด็จฯ ซึ่งขณะนี้อยู่ในปกครองโดยสมเด็จฯผ่านทางข้าหลวงต่างพระองค์แห่งอินเดีย หรือผ่านข้าหลวงหรือเจ้าพนักงานอื่นใดอันขึ้นกับข้าหลวงต่างพระองค์แห่งอินเดีย<br /></dd> <dd>(5.) คำว่า "อินเดีย" นั้นหมายถึงบริติชอินเดียพร้อมด้วยดินแดนของบรรดาเจ้าหรือผู้นำพื้นเมืองภายใต้พระราชอำนาจในสมเด็จฯ ซึ่งทรงบริหารผ่านข้าหลวงต่างพระองค์แห่งอินเดีย หรือผ่านข้าหลวงหรือเจ้าพนักงานอื่นใดอันขึ้นกับข้าหลวงต่างพระองค์แห่งอินเดีย<sup id="cite_ref-Interpretation_Act_1889_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Interpretation_Act_1889-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> </blockquote> <p>โดยทั่วไป คำว่า "บริติชอินเดีย" นั้นใช้เพื่อสื่อถึงอนุทวีปอินเดียภายใต้การปกครองของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="บริษัทอินเดียตะวันออก">บริษัทอินเดียตะวันออก</a>ระหว่าง ค.ศ. 1600 ถึง 1858 นอกจากยังคำว่าบริติชอินเดีย ยังใช้สื่อถึงชาวอังกฤษในอินเดียด้วย ส่วนคำว่า "จักรวรรดิอินเดีย" นั้นเป็นคำที่ไม่ใช้ในสารบบกฎหมาย แต่เนื่องจากกษัตริย์อังกฤษทรงปกครองอินเดียในพระอิสริยยศ <i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="จักรพรรดิแห่งอินเดีย">จักรพรรดิแห่งอินเดีย</a></i> ดังนั้นเวลากษัตริย์อังกฤษมีพระราชดำรัสไปยังรัฐสภาจึงมักจะเรียกอินเดียว่า "จักรวรรดิอินเดีย" ทั้งนี้ หนังสือเดินทางที่ออกโดยรัฐบาลบริติชอินเดียนั้น ปรากฏคำว่า "Indian Empire" บนปก และปรากฏคำว่า "Empire of India" อยู่ด้านใน<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> นอกจากนี้ยังมีการสถาปนาเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์ที่มีชื่อว่า <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์แห่งจักรวรรดิอินเดีย (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์อันสูงส่งยิ่งแห่งจักรวรรดิอินเดีย</a> ด้วย </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="มณฑลขนาดใหญ่"><span id=".E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.93.E0.B8.91.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.82.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.94.E0.B9.83.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.8D.E0.B9.88"></span>มณฑลขนาดใหญ่</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: มณฑลขนาดใหญ่"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9751016">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">บทความหลัก: <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="เขตปกครองและมณฑลของบริติชอินเดีย">เขตปกครองและมณฑลของบริติชอินเดีย</a></div> <p>ในช่วงเปลี่ยนผ่านสู่คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 20 บริติชอินเดียประกอบด้วยมณฑลทั้งสิ้น<span class="nowrap"> </span>8<span class="nowrap"> </span>มณฑล ซึ่งมณฑลเหล่านั้นได้รับการปกครองโดยผู้ว่าราชการ หรือรองผู้ว่าราชการ </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>เขตการปกครองและประชากร (ไม่รวมรัฐพื้นเมือง) ในประมาณ ค.ศ. 1907<sup id="cite_ref-igi-46_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igi-46-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th width="350pt">มณฑล<br /><small>(และดินแดนในปัจจุบัน)</small> </th> <th>พื้นที่รวม </th> <th>ประชากรปี 1901<br />(ล้านคน) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="มณฑลอัสสัม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อัสสัม</a> <br /><small> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="รัฐอัสสัม">รัฐอัสสัม</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="รัฐอรุณาจัลประเทศ">รัฐอรุณาจัลประเทศ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%86%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2" title="รัฐเมฆาลัย">รัฐเมฆาลัย</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="รัฐมิโซรัม">รัฐมิโซรัม</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐนาคาแลนด์">รัฐนาคาแลนด์</a>)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">130,000 ตารางกิโลเมตร<br />50,000 ตารางไมล์ </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เขตปกครองเบงกอล (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เบงกอล</a> <br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="ประเทศบังกลาเทศ">ประเทศบังกลาเทศ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81" title="รัฐเบงกอลตะวันตก">รัฐเบงกอลตะวันตก</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="รัฐพิหาร">รัฐพิหาร</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%8C%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐฌารขัณฑ์">รัฐฌารขัณฑ์</a> และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2" title="รัฐโอฑิศา">รัฐโอฑิศา</a>)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">390,000 ตารางกิโลเมตร<br />150,000 ตารางไมล์ </td> <td style="text-align:center;">75 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เขตปกครองบอมเบย์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">บอมเบย์</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%8C" title="แคว้นสินธ์">แคว้นสินธ์</a> และบางส่วนของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0" title="รัฐมหาราษฏระ">รัฐมหาราษฏระ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95" title="รัฐคุชราต">รัฐคุชราต</a> และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0" title="รัฐกรณาฏกะ">รัฐกรณาฏกะ</a>)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">320,000 ตารางกิโลเมตร<br />120,000 ตารางไมล์ </td> <td style="text-align:center;">19 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3" title="พม่าภายใต้การปกครองของสหราชอาณาจักร">พม่า</a> <br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2" title="ประเทศพม่า">ประเทศพม่า</a>)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">440,000 ตารางกิโลเมตร<br />170,000 ตารางไมล์ </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="มณฑลกลางและเบราร์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">มณฑลกลางและเบราร์</a> <br /><small> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="รัฐมัธยประเทศ">รัฐมัธยประเทศ</a> และบางส่วนของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0" title="รัฐมหาราษฏระ">รัฐมหาราษฏระ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐฉัตตีสครห์">รัฐฉัตตีสครห์</a> และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2" title="รัฐโอฑิศา">รัฐโอฑิศา</a>)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">270,000 ตารางกิโลเมตร<br />100,000 ตารางไมล์ </td> <td style="text-align:center;">13 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เขตปกครองมัทราส (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">มัทราส</a> <br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="รัฐอานธรประเทศ">รัฐอานธรประเทศ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AC%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%B9" title="รัฐทมิฬนาฑู">รัฐทมิฬนาฑู</a> และบางส่วนของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0" title="รัฐเกรละ">รัฐเกรละ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0" title="รัฐกรณาฏกะ">รัฐกรณาฏกะ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2" title="รัฐโอฑิศา">รัฐโอฑิศา</a> และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="รัฐเตลังคานา">รัฐเตลังคานา</a>)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">370,000 ตารางกิโลเมตร<br />140,000 ตารางไมล์ </td> <td style="text-align:center;">38 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A_(%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ปัญจาบ (บริติชอินเดีย) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ปัญจาบ</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A" title="แคว้นปัญจาบ">แคว้นปัญจาบ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94" title="ดินแดนนครหลวงอิสลามาบาด">ดินแดนนครหลวงอิสลามาบาด</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A" title="รัฐปัญจาบ">รัฐปัญจาบ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2" title="รัฐหรยาณา">รัฐหรยาณา</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="รัฐหิมาจัลประเทศ">รัฐหิมาจัลประเทศ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="รัฐฉัตติสครห์">รัฐฉัตติสครห์</a> และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="เดลี">ดินแดนนครหลวงแห่งชาติเดลี</a>) </small></td> <td style="text-align:center;">250,000 ตารางกิโลเมตร<br />97,000 ตารางไมล์ </td> <td style="text-align:center;">20 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%91%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="สหมณฑลอักราและอุตฑ์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">สหมณฑล</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="รัฐอุตตรประเทศ">รัฐอุตตรประเทศ</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐอุตตราขัณฑ์">รัฐอุตตราขัณฑ์</a>)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">280,000 ตารางกิโลเมตร<br />110,000 ตารางไมล์ </td> <td style="text-align:center;">48 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>ในช่วงของการแบ่งเบงกอล (ค.ศ. 1905–1913) มณฑลอัสสัมและเบงกอลตะวันออกได้รับการก่อตั้งขึ้นในฐานะเขตผู้แทนพระองค์ ใน ค.ศ. 1911 <i>มณฑลเบงกอลตะวันออก</i> ถูกรวมกับมณฑลเบงกอลอีกครั้ง และมณฑลใหม่ทางตะวันออกได้กลายไปเป็นมณฑลอัสสัม, เบงกอล, พิหาร และโอฑิศา<sup id="cite_ref-igi-46_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igi-46-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ธงที่เกี่ยวข้อง"><span id=".E0.B8.98.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B5.E0.B9.88.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B5.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.82.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.87"></span>ธงที่เกี่ยวข้อง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&action=edit&section=3" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ธงที่เกี่ยวข้อง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <center> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ธงจักรวรรดิอินเดีย เป็นธงอย่างไม่เป็นทางการ"><img alt="ธงจักรวรรดิอินเดีย เป็นธงอย่างไม่เป็นทางการ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/120px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/180px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/240px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ธงจักรวรรดิอินเดีย เป็นธงอย่างไม่เป็นทางการ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Flag_of_Imperial_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ธงนาวี"><img alt="ธงนาวี" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Imperial_India.svg/120px-Flag_of_Imperial_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Imperial_India.svg/180px-Flag_of_Imperial_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Imperial_India.svg/240px-Flag_of_Imperial_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ธงนาวี</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_(1885%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ธงข้าหลวงต่างพระองค์"><img alt="ธงข้าหลวงต่างพระองค์" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ธงข้าหลวงต่างพระองค์</div> </li> </ul> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="หมายเหตุ"><span id=".E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A2.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B8"></span>หมายเหตุ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&action=edit&section=4" title="แก้ไขส่วน: หมายเหตุ"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r12126193"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&action=edit&section=5" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r12126193"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Interpretation_Act_1889-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Interpretation_Act_1889_3-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Interpretation_Act_1889_3-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Interpretation Act 1889 (52 & 53 Vict. c. 63), s. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-igi-calcutta-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-igi-calcutta_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=9&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V09_266.gif">"Calcutta (<i>Kalikata</i>)"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=9&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V09_001.gif"><i>The Imperial Gazetteer of India</i></a>, vol. IX Bomjur to Central India, Published under the Authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1908, p. 260, <q> —Capital of the Indian Empire, situated in 22° 34' N and 88° 22' E, on the east or left bank of the Hooghly river, within the Twenty-four Parganas District, Bengal</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Calcutta+%28Kalikata%29&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+Gazetteer+of+India&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=Published+under+the+Authority+of+His+Majesty%27s+Secretary+of+State+for+India+in+Council%2C+Oxford+at+the+Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1908&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdsal.uchicago.edu%2Freference%2Fgazetteer%2Fpager.html%3Fvolume%3D9%26objectid%3DDS405.1.I34_V09_266.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-simla-summer-capital-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-simla-summer-capital_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V09_266.gif">"Simla Town"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=22&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V22_001.gif"><i>The Imperial Gazetteer of India</i></a>, vol. XXII Samadhiāla to Singhāna, Published under the Authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1908, p. 260, <q> —Head-quarters of Simla District, Punjab, and the summer capital of the Government of India, situated on a transverse spur of the Central Himālayan system system, in 31° 6' N and 77° 10' E, at a mean elevation above sea-level of 7,084 feet.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Simla+Town&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+Gazetteer+of+India&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=Published+under+the+Authority+of+His+Majesty%27s+Secretary+of+State+for+India+in+Council%2C+Oxford+at+the+Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1908&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdsal.uchicago.edu%2Freference%2Fgazetteer%2Fpager.html%3Fobjectid%3DDS405.1.I34_V09_266.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urdu1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-urdu1_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFVejdani2015" class="citation cs2">Vejdani, Farzin (2015), <i>Making History in Iran: Education, Nationalism, and Print Culture</i>, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 24–25, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-8047-9153-3" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-8047-9153-3"><bdi>978-0-8047-9153-3</bdi></a>, <q> Although the official languages of administration in India shifted from Persian to English and Urdu in 1837, Persian continued to be taught and read there through the early twentieth century.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+History+in+Iran%3A+Education%2C+Nationalism%2C+and+Print+Culture&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.pages=24-25&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-9153-3&rft.aulast=Vejdani&rft.aufirst=Farzin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-everaert-urdu-official-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-everaert-urdu-official_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFEveraert2010" class="citation cs2">Everaert, Christine (2010), <i>Tracing the Boundaries between Hindi and Urdu</i>, Leiden and Boston: BRILL, pp. 253–254, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-90-04-17731-4" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-90-04-17731-4"><bdi>978-90-04-17731-4</bdi></a>, <q> It was only in 1837 that Persian lost its position as official language of India to Urdu and to English in the higher levels of administration.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tracing+the+Boundaries+between+Hindi+and+Urdu&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pages=253-254&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-04-17731-4&rft.aulast=Everaert&rft.aufirst=Christine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-def-raj-stacked-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-def-raj-stacked_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFHirstZavros2011" class="citation cs2">Hirst, Jacqueline Suthren; Zavros, John (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voGoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT27"><i>Religious Traditions in Modern South Asia</i></a>, London and New York: Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-415-44787-4" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-415-44787-4"><bdi>978-0-415-44787-4</bdi></a>, <q> As the (Mughal) empire began to decline in the mid-eighteenth century, some of these regional administrations assumed a greater degree of power. Amongst these ... was the East India Company, a British trading company established by Royal Charter of Elizabeth I of England in 1600. The Company gradually expanded its influence in South Asia, in the first instance through coastal trading posts at Surat, Madras and Calcutta. (The British) expanded their influence, winning political control of Bengal and Bihar after the Battle of Plassey in 1757. From here, the Company expanded its influence dramatically across the subcontinent. By 1857, it had direct control over much of the region. The great rebellion of that year, however, demonstrated the limitations of this commercial company's ability to administer these vast territories, and in 1858 the Company was effectively nationalized, with the British Crown assuming administrative control. Hence began the period known as the British Raj, which ended in 1947 with the partition of the subcontinent into the independent nation-states of India and Pakistan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Traditions+in+Modern+South+Asia&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-415-44787-4&rft.aulast=Hirst&rft.aufirst=Jacqueline+Suthren&rft.au=Zavros%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvoGoAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFSalomone2022" class="citation cs2">Salomone, Rosemary (2022), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_gNREAAAQBAJ&pg=PA236"><i>The Rise of English: Global Politics and the Power of Language</i></a>, Oxford University Press, p. 236, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-19-062561-0" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-19-062561-0"><bdi>978-0-19-062561-0</bdi></a>, <q> Between 1858, when the British East India Company transferred power to British Crown rule (the "British Raj"), and 1947, when India gained independence, English gradually developed into the language of government and education. It allowed the Raj to maintain control by creating an elite gentry schooled in British mores, primed to participate in public life, and loyal to the Crown.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+English%3A+Global+Politics+and+the+Power+of+Language&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-19-062561-0&rft.aulast=Salomone&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_gNREAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-british-raj-crown-rule-stacked-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-british-raj-crown-rule-stacked_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFSteinback2012" class="citation cs2">Steinback, Susie L. (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5VdsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA68"><i>Understanding the Victorians: Politics, Culture and Society in Nineteenth-Century Britain</i></a>, London and New York: Routledge, p. 68, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-415-77408-6" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-415-77408-6"><bdi>978-0-415-77408-6</bdi></a>, <q> The rebellion was put down by the end of 1858. The British government passed the Government of India Act, and began direct Crown rule. This era was referred to as the British Raj (though in practice much remained the same).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+the+Victorians%3A+Politics%2C+Culture+and+Society+in+Nineteenth-Century+Britain&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-415-77408-6&rft.aulast=Steinback&rft.aufirst=Susie+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5VdsBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2015" class="citation cs2">Ahmed, Omar (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GHBvEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA221"><i>Studying Indian Cinema</i></a>, Auteur (now an imprint of Liverpool University Press), p. 221, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9781800347380" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9781800347380"><bdi>9781800347380</bdi></a>, <q> The film opens with what is a lengthy prologue, contextualising the time and place through a detailed voice-over by Amitabh Bachchan. We are told that the year is 1893. This is significant as it was the height of the British Raj, a period of crown rule lasting from 1858 to 1947.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studying+Indian+Cinema&rft.pages=221&rft.pub=Auteur+%28now+an+imprint+of+Liverpool+University+Press%29&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781800347380&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Omar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGHBvEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFWright2015" class="citation cs2">Wright, Edmund (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=POAwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA537"><i>A Dictionary of World History</i></a>, Oxford University Press, p. 537, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-19-968569-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-19-968569-1"><bdi>978-0-19-968569-1</bdi></a>, <q> More than 500 Indian kingdoms and principalities […] existed during the 'British Raj' period (1858–1947) The rule is also called <i>Crown rule in India</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+World+History&rft.pages=537&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-968569-1&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Edmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPOAwBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA537&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFFair2014" class="citation cs2">Fair, C. Christine (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jjaTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA61"><i>Fighting to the End: The Pakistan Army's Way of War</i></a>, Oxford University Press, p. 61, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-19-989270-9" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-19-989270-9"><bdi>978-0-19-989270-9</bdi></a>, <q> […] by 1909 the Government of India, reflecting on 50 years of Crown rule after the rebellion, could boast that […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+to+the+End%3A+The+Pakistan+Army%27s+Way+of+War&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-989270-9&rft.aulast=Fair&rft.aufirst=C.+Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjjaTAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-direct-rule-stacked-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-direct-rule-stacked_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFGlanville2013" class="citation cs2">Glanville, Luke (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nX3GAQAAQBAJ"><i>Sovereignty and the Responsibility to Protect: A New History</i></a>, University of Chicago Press, p. 120, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-226-07708-6" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-226-07708-6"><bdi>978-0-226-07708-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sovereignty+and+the+Responsibility+to+Protect%3A+A+New+History&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-226-07708-6&rft.aulast=Glanville&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnX3GAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span> Quote: "Mill, who was himself employed by the British East India company from the age of seventeen until the British government assumed direct rule over India in 1858."</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFPykett2006" class="citation cs2">Pykett, Lyn (2006), <i>Wilkie Collins</i>, Oxford World's Classics: Authors in Context, Oxford University Press, p. 160, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-19-284034-9" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-19-284034-9"><bdi>978-0-19-284034-9</bdi></a>, <q> In part, the Mutiny was a reaction against this upheavel of traditional Indian society. The suppression of the Mutiny after a year of fighting was followed by the break-up of the East India Company, the exile of the deposed emperor and the establishment of the British Raj, and direct rule of the Indian subcontinent by the British.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wilkie+Collins&rft.series=Oxford+World%27s+Classics%3A+Authors+in+Context&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-284034-9&rft.aulast=Pykett&rft.aufirst=Lyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFLowe2015" class="citation cs2">Lowe, Lisa (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UMMECgAAQBAJ&pg=PT71"><i>The Intimacies of Four Continents</i></a>, Duke University Press, p. 71, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-8223-7564-7" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-8223-7564-7"><bdi>978-0-8223-7564-7</bdi></a>, <q> Company rule in India lasted effectively from the Battle of Plassey in 1757 until 1858, when following the 1857 Indian Rebellion, the British Crown assumed direct colonial rule of India in the new British Raj.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Intimacies+of+Four+Continents&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-7564-7&rft.aulast=Lowe&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUMMECgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-period-of-raj-stacked-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-period-of-raj-stacked_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFVanderven2019" class="citation cs2">Vanderven, Elizabeth (2019), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mc-aDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA222">"National Education Systems: Asia"</a>, ใน Rury, John L.; Tamura, Eileen H. (บ.ก.), <i>The Oxford Handbook of the History of Education</i>, Oxford University Press, p. 213-227, 222, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-19-934003-3" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-19-934003-3"><bdi>978-0-19-934003-3</bdi></a>, <q> During the British East India Company's domination of the Indian subcontinent (1757-1858) and the subsequent British Raj (1858-1947), it was Western-style education that came to be promoted by many as the base upon which a national and uniform education system should be built.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=National+Education+Systems%3A+Asia&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+the+History+of+Education&rft.pages=213-227%2C+222&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-19-934003-3&rft.aulast=Vanderven&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMc-aDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFLapidus2014" class="citation cs2">Lapidus, Ira M. (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZkJpBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA393"><i>A History of Islamic Societies</i></a> (3 ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 393, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-521-51430-9" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-521-51430-9"><bdi>978-0-521-51430-9</bdi></a>, <q> Table 14. <i>Muslim India: outline chronology</i><br />Mughal Empire ... 1526-1858 <br />Akbar I ... 1556-1605 <br /> Aurengzeb ... 1658-1707 <br /> British victory at Plassey ... 1757 <br /> Britain becomes paramount power ... 1818<br />British Raj ... 1858-1947</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Islamic+Societies&rft.pages=393&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-521-51430-9&rft.aulast=Lapidus&rft.aufirst=Ira+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZkJpBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA393&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFBowenManckeReid2012" class="citation cs2">Bowen, H. V.; Mancke, Elizabeth; Reid, John G. (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi9neJg39wcC&pg=PA106"><i>Britain's Oceanic Empire: Atlantic and Indian Ocean Worlds, C. 1550–1850</i></a>, Cambridge University Press, p. 106, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-1-107-02014-6" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-1-107-02014-6"><bdi>978-1-107-02014-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain%27s+Oceanic+Empire%3A+Atlantic+and+Indian+Ocean+Worlds%2C+C.+1550%E2%80%931850&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-107-02014-6&rft.aulast=Bowen&rft.aufirst=H.+V.&rft.au=Mancke%2C+Elizabeth&rft.au=Reid%2C+John+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOi9neJg39wcC%26pg%3DPA106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span> Quote: "British India, meanwhile, was itself the powerful 'metropolis' of its own colonial empire, 'the Indian empire'."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/bhutan.htm">British Empire - Relations with Bhutan</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/nepal.htm">British Empire - Relations with Nepal</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130210064211/http://www.passport-collector.com/2011/04/25/founder-of-pakistan/">"British Indian Passport of Muhammad Ali Jinnah"</a>. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจาก<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.passport-collector.com/2011/04/25/founder-of-pakistan/">แหล่งเดิม</a>เมื่อ 2013-02-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2016-12-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Indian+Passport+of+Muhammad+Ali+Jinnah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.passport-collector.com%2F2011%2F04%2F25%2Ffounder-of-pakistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-igi-46-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-igi-46_18-0">14.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-igi-46_18-1">14.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFImperial_Gazetteer_of_India_vol._IV1909">Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV 1909</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V04_075.gif">46</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="บรรณานุกรม"><span id=".E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.93.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B8.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A1"></span>บรรณานุกรม</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&action=edit&section=6" title="แก้ไขส่วน: บรรณานุกรม"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับด้านการสำรวจ"><span id=".E0.B9.81.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.A5.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B5.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.94.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.B3.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.88"></span>แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับด้านการสำรวจ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&action=edit&section=7" title="แก้ไขส่วน: แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับด้านการสำรวจ"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8938631">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Allan, J., T. Wolseley Haig, H. H. Dodwell. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.283073">The Cambridge Shorter History of India</a></i> (1934) 996 pp.</li> <li>Bandhu, Deep Chand. <i>History of Indian National Congress</i> (2003) 405pp</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFBandyopadhyay2004" class="citation cs2">Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar (2004), <i>From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India</i>, Orient Longman. Pp. xx, 548., <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-81-250-2596-2" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-81-250-2596-2"><bdi>978-81-250-2596-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Plassey+to+Partition%3A+A+History+of+Modern+India&rft.pub=Orient+Longman.+Pp.+xx%2C+548.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-250-2596-2&rft.aulast=Bandyopadhyay&rft.aufirst=Sekhar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFBayly1990" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Alan_Bayly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Alan Bayly (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Bayly, C. A.</a> (1990), <i>Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire (The New Cambridge History of India)</i>, Cambridge and London: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 248, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-521-38650-0" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-521-38650-0"><bdi>978-0-521-38650-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Society+and+the+Making+of+the+British+Empire+%28The+New+Cambridge+History+of+India%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+and+London%3A+Cambridge+University+Press.+Pp.+248&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-521-38650-0&rft.aulast=Bayly&rft.aufirst=C.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFBoseJalal2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sugata_Bose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sugata Bose (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Bose, Sugata</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayesha_Jalal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayesha Jalal (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Jalal, Ayesha</a> (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernsouthasiah00bose"><i>Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy</i></a> (2nd ed.), Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-415-30787-2" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-415-30787-2"><bdi>0-415-30787-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+South+Asia%3A+History%2C+Culture%2C+Political+Economy&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-415-30787-2&rft.aulast=Bose&rft.aufirst=Sugata&rft.au=Jalal%2C+Ayesha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodernsouthasiah00bose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1994" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_M._Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judith M. Brown (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Brown, Judith M.</a> (1994) [First published 1984], <i>Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy</i>, Oxford University Press. Pp. xiii, 474, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-19-873113-9" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-19-873113-9"><bdi>978-0-19-873113-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+India%3A+The+Origins+of+an+Asian+Democracy&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press.+Pp.+xiii%2C+474&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-19-873113-9&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Judith+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFBoseJalal2004" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sugata_Bose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sugata Bose (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Bose, Sugata</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayesha_Jalal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayesha Jalal (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Jalal, Ayesha</a> (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernsouthasiah00bose"><i>Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy</i></a> (2nd ed.), Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-415-30787-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-415-30787-1"><bdi>978-0-415-30787-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+South+Asia%3A+History%2C+Culture%2C+Political+Economy&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-30787-1&rft.aulast=Bose&rft.aufirst=Sugata&rft.au=Jalal%2C+Ayesha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodernsouthasiah00bose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFChhabra2005" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol">Chhabra, G. S. (2005) [First published 1971], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e08-yhBFfpAC"><i>Advanced Study in the History of Modern India</i></a>, vol. III (1920–1947) (Revised ed.), New Delhi: Lotus Press, p. 2, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-81-89093-08-2" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-81-89093-08-2"><bdi>978-81-89093-08-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advanced+Study+in+the+History+of+Modern+India&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=2&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Lotus+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-89093-08-2&rft.aulast=Chhabra&rft.aufirst=G.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De08-yhBFfpAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFCopland2001" class="citation cs2">Copland, Ian (2001), <i>India 1885–1947: The Unmaking of an Empire (Seminar Studies in History Series)</i>, Harlow and London: Pearson Longmans. Pp. 160, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-582-38173-5" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-582-38173-5"><bdi>978-0-582-38173-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+1885%E2%80%931947%3A+The+Unmaking+of+an+Empire+%28Seminar+Studies+in+History+Series%29&rft.pub=Harlow+and+London%3A+Pearson+Longmans.+Pp.+160&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-582-38173-5&rft.aulast=Copland&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Coupland, Reginald. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.280299">India: A Re-Statement</a></i> (Oxford University Press, 1945)</li> <li>Dodwell H. H., ed. <i>The Cambridge History of India. Volume 6: The Indian Empire 1858–1918. With Chapters on the Development of Administration 1818–1858</i> (1932) 660 pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory06rapsuoft">online edition</a>; also published as vol 5 of the <i>Cambridge History of the British Empire</i></li> <li>Gilmour, David. <i>The British in India: A Social History of the Raj</i>(2018); expanded edition of <i>The Ruling Caste: Imperial Lives in the Victorian Raj</i> (2007) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xEzx2zVHXSwC&pg=PA9">Excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Herbertson, A.J. and O.J.R. Howarth. eds. <i>The Oxford Survey Of The British Empire</i> (6 vol 1914) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.77042">online vol 2 on Asia</a> pp. 1–328 on India</li> <li>James, Lawrence. <i>Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India</i> (2000)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFJudd2004" class="citation cs2">Judd, Denis (2004), <i>The Lion and the Tiger: The Rise and Fall of the British Raj, 1600–1947</i>, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. xiii, 280, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-19-280358-0" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-19-280358-0"><bdi>978-0-19-280358-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lion+and+the+Tiger%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+British+Raj%2C+1600%E2%80%931947&rft.pub=Oxford+and+New+York%3A+Oxford+University+Press.+Pp.+xiii%2C+280&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280358-0&rft.aulast=Judd&rft.aufirst=Denis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Louis, William Roger, and Judith M. Brown, eds. <i>The Oxford History of the British Empire</i> (5 vol 1999–2001), with numerous articles on the Raj</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFLow1993" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Low&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Low (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Low, D. A.</a> (1993), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QBaYddlnKBEC"><i>Eclipse of Empire</i></a>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-521-45754-5" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-521-45754-5"><bdi>978-0-521-45754-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eclipse+of+Empire&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-45754-5&rft.aulast=Low&rft.aufirst=D.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQBaYddlnKBEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFLudden2002" class="citation cs2">Ludden, David E. (2002), <i>India And South Asia: A Short History</i>, Oxford: Oneworld, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-1-85168-237-9" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-1-85168-237-9"><bdi>978-1-85168-237-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+And+South+Asia%3A+A+Short+History&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oneworld&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-85168-237-9&rft.aulast=Ludden&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFMajumdarRaychaudhuriDatta1950" class="citation cs2">Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra; Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra; Datta, Kalikinkar (1950), <i>An advanced history of India</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+advanced+history+of+India&rft.date=1950&rft.aulast=Majumdar&rft.aufirst=Ramesh+Chandra&rft.au=Raychaudhuri%2C+Hemchandra&rft.au=Datta%2C+Kalikinkar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Majumdar, R. C. ed. (1970). British paramountcy and Indian renaissance. (<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_History_and_Culture_of_the_Indian_People&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The History and Culture of the Indian People (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">The history and culture of the Indian people</a>) Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.</li> <li>Mansingh, Surjit <i>The A to Z of India</i> (2010), a concise historical encyclopaedia</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2001" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._J._Marshall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P. J. Marshall (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Marshall, P. J.</a> (2001), <i>The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire, 400 pp.</i>, Cambridge and London: Cambridge University Press., <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-521-00254-7" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-521-00254-7"><bdi>978-0-521-00254-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Illustrated+History+of+the+British+Empire%2C+400+pp.&rft.pub=Cambridge+and+London%3A+Cambridge+University+Press.&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-521-00254-7&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=P.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFMarkovits2004" class="citation cs2">Markovits, Claude (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uzOmy2y0Zh4C"><i>A History of Modern India, 1480–1950</i></a>, Anthem Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-1-84331-004-4" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-1-84331-004-4"><bdi>978-1-84331-004-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+India%2C+1480%E2%80%931950&rft.pub=Anthem+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-84331-004-4&rft.aulast=Markovits&rft.aufirst=Claude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuzOmy2y0Zh4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFMetcalfMetcalf2006" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_D._Metcalf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbara D. Metcalf (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Metcalf, Barbara D.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_R._Metcalf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas R. Metcalf (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Metcalf, Thomas R.</a> (2006), <i>A Concise History of Modern India (Cambridge Concise Histories)</i>, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Pp. xxxiii, 372, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-521-68225-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-521-68225-1"><bdi>978-0-521-68225-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+Modern+India+%28Cambridge+Concise+Histories%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+and+New+York%3A+Cambridge+University+Press.+Pp.+xxxiii%2C+372&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-68225-1&rft.aulast=Metcalf&rft.aufirst=Barbara+D.&rft.au=Metcalf%2C+Thomas+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Moon, Penderel. <i>The British Conquest and Dominion of India</i> (2 vol. 1989) 1235pp; the fullest scholarly history of political and military events from a British top-down perspective;</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFOldenburg2007" class="citation cs2">Oldenburg, Philip (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5kwQMax7R?url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557562_13/India.html">"India: Movement for Freedom"</a>, <i>Encarta Encyclopedia</i>, คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจาก<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557562_13/India.html#S133">แหล่งเดิม</a>เมื่อ 31 October 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=India%3A+Movement+for+Freedom&rft.btitle=Encarta+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Oldenburg&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fencyclopedia_761557562_13%2FIndia.html%23S133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K._M._Panikkar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K. M. Panikkar (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Panikkar, K. M.</a> (1953). Asia and Western dominance, 1498–1945, by K.M. Panikkar. London: G. Allen and Unwin.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFPeers2006" class="citation cs2">Peers, Douglas M. (2006), <i>India under Colonial Rule 1700–1885</i>, Harlow and London: Pearson Longmans. Pp. xvi, 163, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-582-31738-3" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-582-31738-3"><bdi>978-0-582-31738-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+under+Colonial+Rule+1700%E2%80%931885&rft.pub=Harlow+and+London%3A+Pearson+Longmans.+Pp.+xvi%2C+163&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-582-31738-3&rft.aulast=Peers&rft.aufirst=Douglas+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Riddick, John F. <i>The history of British India: a chronology</i> (2006) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Es6x4u_g19UC">excerpt and text search</a>, covers 1599–1947</li> <li>Riddick, John F. <i>Who Was Who in British India</i> (1998), covers 1599–1947</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFRobb2002" class="citation cs2">Robb, Peter (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GQ-2VH1LO_EC"><i>A History of India</i></a>, Palgrave Macmillan, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-230-34549-2" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-230-34549-2"><bdi>978-0-230-34549-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+India&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-230-34549-2&rft.aulast=Robb&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGQ-2VH1LO_EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFSarkar2004" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumit_Sarkar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sumit Sarkar (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Sarkar, Sumit</a> (2004) [First published 1983], <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="ต้องสมัครสมาชิกแบบฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernindia1885100sark"><i>Modern India, 1885–1947</i></a></span>, Delhi: Macmillan, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-333-90425-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-333-90425-1"><bdi>978-0-333-90425-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+India%2C+1885%E2%80%931947&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-333-90425-1&rft.aulast=Sarkar&rft.aufirst=Sumit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodernindia1885100sark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Smith, Vincent A. (1958) <i>The Oxford History of India</i> (3rd ed.) the Raj section was written by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Percival_Spear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Percival Spear (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Percival Spear</a></li> <li>Somervell, D.C. <i>The Reign of King George V,</i> (1936) covers Raj 1910–35 pp. 80–84, 282–91, 455–64 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.176466">online free</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFSpear1990" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Percival_Spear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Percival Spear (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Spear, Percival</a> (1990) [First published 1965], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K2H_v0t5jTkC&pg=PA147"><i>A History of India, Volume 2</i></a>, New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-14-013836-8" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-14-013836-8"><bdi>978-0-14-013836-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+India%2C+Volume+2&rft.pub=New+Delhi+and+London%3A+Penguin+Books.+Pp.+298&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-14-013836-8&rft.aulast=Spear&rft.aufirst=Percival&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK2H_v0t5jTkC%26pg%3DPA147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFStein2001" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burton_Stein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burton Stein (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Stein, Burton</a> (2001) [First published 1998], <i>A History of India</i>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-19-565446-2" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-19-565446-2"><bdi>978-0-19-565446-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+India&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-565446-2&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Burton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFStein2010" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burton_Stein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burton Stein (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Stein, Burton</a> (2010) [First published 1998], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QY4zdTDwMAQC"><i>A History of India</i></a> (2nd ed.), John Wiley & Sons, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-1-4443-2351-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-1-4443-2351-1"><bdi>978-1-4443-2351-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+India&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-2351-1&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Burton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQY4zdTDwMAQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Thompson, Edward, and G.T. Garratt. <i>Rise and Fulfilment of British Rule in India</i> (1934) 690 pages; scholarly survey, 1599–1933 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=93fnssiWvjoC">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFWolpert2004" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Wolpert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Wolpert (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Wolpert, Stanley</a> (2004), <i>A New History of India</i> (7th ed.), Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-19-516677-4" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-19-516677-4"><bdi>978-0-19-516677-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+History+of+India&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-516677-4&rft.aulast=Wolpert&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Wolpert, Stanley, ed. <i>Encyclopedia of India</i> (4 vol. 2005) comprehensive coverage by scholars</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFWolpert2006" class="citation cs2">Wolpert, Stanley A. (2006), <i>Shameful Flight: The Last Years of the British Empire in India</i>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-19-539394-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-19-539394-1"><bdi>978-0-19-539394-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shameful+Flight%3A+The+Last+Years+of+the+British+Empire+in+India&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-539394-1&rft.aulast=Wolpert&rft.aufirst=Stanley+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="แหล่งอ้างอิงที่ได้รับการศึกษาเป็นพิเศษ"><span id=".E0.B9.81.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.A5.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B5.E0.B9.88.E0.B9.84.E0.B8.94.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A8.E0.B8.B6.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A9.E0.B8.B2.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.9B.E0.B9.87.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.B4.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.A8.E0.B8.A9"></span>แหล่งอ้างอิงที่ได้รับการศึกษาเป็นพิเศษ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&action=edit&section=8" title="แก้ไขส่วน: แหล่งอ้างอิงที่ได้รับการศึกษาเป็นพิเศษ"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8938631"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFBaker1993" class="citation cs2">Baker, David (1993), <i>Colonialism in an Indian Hinterland: The Central Provinces, 1820–1920</i>, Delhi: Oxford University Press. Pp. xiii, 374, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-19-563049-7" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-19-563049-7"><bdi>978-0-19-563049-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonialism+in+an+Indian+Hinterland%3A+The+Central+Provinces%2C+1820%E2%80%931920&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press.+Pp.+xiii%2C+374&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-19-563049-7&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFBayly2000" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Alan_Bayly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Alan Bayly (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Bayly, Christopher</a> (2000), <i>Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication in India, 1780–1870 (Cambridge Studies in Indian History and Society)</i>, Cambridge University Press. Pp. 426, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-521-66360-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-521-66360-1"><bdi>978-0-521-66360-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire+and+Information%3A+Intelligence+Gathering+and+Social+Communication+in+India%2C+1780%E2%80%931870+%28Cambridge+Studies+in+Indian+History+and+Society%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press.+Pp.+426&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-521-66360-1&rft.aulast=Bayly&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFBaylyHarper2005" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Alan_Bayly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Alan Bayly (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Bayly, Christopher</a>; Harper, Timothy (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qXH9xGCWjYUC"><i>Forgotten Armies: The Fall of British Asia, 1941–1945</i></a>, Harvard University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-674-01748-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-674-01748-1"><bdi>978-0-674-01748-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forgotten+Armies%3A+The+Fall+of+British+Asia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01748-1&rft.aulast=Bayly&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Harper%2C+Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqXH9xGCWjYUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFBaylyHarper2007" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Alan_Bayly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Alan Bayly (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Bayly, Christopher</a>; Harper, Timothy (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0M4Pl_VCExgC"><i>Forgotten Wars: Freedom and Revolution in Southeast Asia</i></a>, Harvard University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-674-02153-2" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-674-02153-2"><bdi>978-0-674-02153-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forgotten+Wars%3A+Freedom+and+Revolution+in+Southeast+Asia&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-674-02153-2&rft.aulast=Bayly&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Harper%2C+Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0M4Pl_VCExgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Bayly, Christopher Alan. <i>Imperial Meridian: The British Empire and the World 1780-1830</i>. (Routledge, 2016).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFBose1916" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sudhindra_Bose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sudhindra Bose (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Bose, Sudhindra</a> (1916), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5wmGAAAAIAAJ"><i>Some Aspects of British Rule in India</i></a>, Studies in the Social Sciences, vol. V, Iowa City: The University, pp. 79–81</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Some+Aspects+of+British+Rule+in+India&rft.place=Iowa+City&rft.series=Studies+in+the+Social+Sciences&rft.pages=79-81&rft.pub=The+University&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Bose&rft.aufirst=Sudhindra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5wmGAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Bosma, Ulbe (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/europe-on-the-road/economic-migration/ulbe-bosma-emigration-colonial-circuits-between-europe-and-asia-in-the-19th-and-early-20th-century">Emigration: Colonial circuits between Europe and Asia in the 19th and early 20th century</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieg-ego.eu/">EGO - European History Online</a>, Mainz: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieg-mainz.de/likecms/index.php">Institute of European History</a>, retrieved: March 25, 2021 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/103144355X/34">pdf</a>).</li> <li>Brown, Judith M. <i>Gandhi: Prisoner of Hope</i> (1991), scholarly biography</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFBrown,_Judith_M.Louis2001" class="citation cs2">Brown, Judith M.; Louis, Wm. Roger, บ.ก. (2001), <i>Oxford History of the British Empire: The Twentieth Century</i>, Oxford University Press. pp. 800, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-19-924679-3" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-19-924679-3"><bdi>978-0-19-924679-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+History+of+the+British+Empire%3A+The+Twentieth+Century&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press.+pp.+800&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-924679-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Buckland, C.E. <i>Dictionary of Indian Biography</i> (1906) 495 pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_InFTmnS4crYC">full text</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFCarrington2013" class="citation cs2">Carrington, Michael (May 2013), "Officers, Gentlemen, and Murderers: Lord Curzon's campaign against "collisions" between Indians and Europeans, 1899–1905", <i>Modern Asian Studies</i>, <b>47</b> (3): 780–819, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0026749X12000686">10.1017/S0026749X12000686</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147335168">147335168</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Officers%2C+Gentlemen%2C+and+Murderers%3A+Lord+Curzon%27s+campaign+against+%22collisions%22+between+Indians+and+Europeans%2C+1899%E2%80%931905&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=780-819&rft.date=2013-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0026749X12000686&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147335168%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFChandavarkar1998" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajnarayan_Chandavarkar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajnarayan Chandavarkar (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Chandavarkar, Rajnarayan</a> (1998), <i>Imperial Power and Popular Politics: Class, Resistance and the State in India, 1850–1950</i>, (Cambridge Studies in Indian History & Society). Cambridge University Press. Pp. 400, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-521-59692-3" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-521-59692-3"><bdi>978-0-521-59692-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Power+and+Popular+Politics%3A+Class%2C+Resistance+and+the+State+in+India%2C+1850%E2%80%931950&rft.pub=%28Cambridge+Studies+in+Indian+History+%26+Society%29.+Cambridge+University+Press.+Pp.+400&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-521-59692-3&rft.aulast=Chandavarkar&rft.aufirst=Rajnarayan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFChatterji1993" class="citation cs2">Chatterji, Joya (1993), <i>Bengal Divided: Hindu Communalism and Partition, 1932–1947</i>, Cambridge University Press. Pp. 323, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-521-52328-8" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-521-52328-8"><bdi>978-0-521-52328-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bengal+Divided%3A+Hindu+Communalism+and+Partition%2C+1932%E2%80%931947&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press.+Pp.+323&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-52328-8&rft.aulast=Chatterji&rft.aufirst=Joya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFCopland2002" class="citation cs2">Copland, Ian (2002), <i>Princes of India in the Endgame of Empire, 1917–1947</i>, (Cambridge Studies in Indian History & Society). Cambridge University Press. Pp. 316, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-521-89436-4" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-521-89436-4"><bdi>978-0-521-89436-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Princes+of+India+in+the+Endgame+of+Empire%2C+1917%E2%80%931947&rft.pub=%28Cambridge+Studies+in+Indian+History+%26+Society%29.+Cambridge+University+Press.+Pp.+316&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-89436-4&rft.aulast=Copland&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFDas1964" class="citation book cs1">Das, Manmath Nath (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V3geAAAAMAAJ"><i>India under Morley and Minto: politics behind revolution, repression and reforms</i></a>. G. Allen and Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9780049540026" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9780049540026"><bdi>9780049540026</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+under+Morley+and+Minto%3A+politics+behind+revolution%2C+repression+and+reforms&rft.pub=G.+Allen+and+Unwin&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=9780049540026&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Manmath+Nath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV3geAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2001" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Davis_(scholar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mike Davis (scholar) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Davis, Mike</a> (2001), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Late_Victorian_Holocausts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Late Victorian Holocausts (ไม่มีหน้านี้)"><i>Late Victorian Holocausts</i></a>, Verso Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-1-85984-739-8" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-1-85984-739-8"><bdi>978-1-85984-739-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Late+Victorian+Holocausts&rft.pub=Verso+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-85984-739-8&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Dewey, Clive. <i>Anglo-Indian Attitudes: The Mind of the Indian Civil Service</i> (2003)</li> <li>Ewing, Ann. "Administering India: The Indian Civil Service", <i>History Today</i>, June 1982, 32#6 pp. 43–48, covers 1858–1947</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFFieldhouse1996" class="citation cs2">Fieldhouse, David (1996), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S2EXN8JTwAEC&q=famine+british+empire+india&pg=PA132">"For Richer, for Poorer?"</a>, ใน Marshall, P. J. (บ.ก.), <i>The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 400, pp. 108–146, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-521-00254-7" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-521-00254-7"><bdi>978-0-521-00254-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=For+Richer%2C+for+Poorer%3F&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Illustrated+History+of+the+British+Empire&rft.pages=108-146&rft.pub=Cambridge%3A+Cambridge+University+Press.+Pp.+400&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-521-00254-7&rft.aulast=Fieldhouse&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS2EXN8JTwAEC%26q%3Dfamine%2Bbritish%2Bempire%2Bindia%26pg%3DPA132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gilmartin, David. 1988. <i>Empire and Islam: Punjab and the Making of Pakistan</i>. University of California Press. 258 pages. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-520-06249-8" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-520-06249-8">978-0-520-06249-8</a>.</li> <li>Gilmour, David. <i>Curzon: Imperial Statesman</i> (2006) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kOEsSmOQL7EC">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Gopal, Sarvepalli. <i>British Policy in India 1858–1905</i> (2008)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFGopal1976" class="citation cs2">Gopal, Sarvepalli (1976), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jj-4zmBLXq0C"><i>Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography</i></a>, Harvard U. Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-674-47310-2" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-674-47310-2"><bdi>978-0-674-47310-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jawaharlal+Nehru%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=Harvard+U.+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-674-47310-2&rft.aulast=Gopal&rft.aufirst=Sarvepalli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJj-4zmBLXq0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gopal, Sarvepalli. <i>Viceroyalty of Lord Irwin 1926–1931</i> (1957)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFGopal1953" class="citation cs2">Gopal, Sarvepalli (1953), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eKE9AAAAIAAJ"><i>The Viceroyalty of Lord Ripon, 1880–1884</i></a>, Oxford U. Press<span class="reference-accessdate">, สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Viceroyalty+of+Lord+Ripon%2C+1880%E2%80%931884&rft.pub=Oxford+U.+Press&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Gopal&rft.aufirst=Sarvepalli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeKE9AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFGould2004" class="citation cs2">Gould, William (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Hindu_Nationalism_and_the_Language_of_Po/XNsganXnq-oC"><i>Hindu Nationalism and the Language of Politics in Late Colonial India</i></a>, Cambridge U. Press. Pp. 320</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Nationalism+and+the+Language+of+Politics+in+Late+Colonial+India&rft.pub=Cambridge+U.+Press.+Pp.+320&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Gould&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FHindu_Nationalism_and_the_Language_of_Po%2FXNsganXnq-oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFGrove2007" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Grove&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Grove (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Grove, Richard H.</a> (2007), "The Great El Nino of 1789–93 and its Global Consequences: Reconstructing an Extreme Climate Even in World Environmental History", <i>The Medieval History Journal</i>, <b>10</b> (1&2): 75–98, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F097194580701000203">10.1177/097194580701000203</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hdl_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hdl (identifier) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">hdl</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="เข้าถึงได้ฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//hdl.handle.net/1885%2F51009">1885/51009</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162783898">162783898</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Medieval+History+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Great+El+Nino+of+1789%E2%80%9393+and+its+Global+Consequences%3A+Reconstructing+an+Extreme+Climate+Even+in+World+Environmental+History&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1%262&rft.pages=75-98&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1885%2F51009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162783898%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F097194580701000203&rft.aulast=Grove&rft.aufirst=Richard+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFHall-Matthews2008" class="citation cs2">Hall-Matthews, David (November 2008), "Inaccurate Conceptions: Disputed Measures of Nutritional Needs and Famine Deaths in Colonial India", <i>Modern Asian Studies</i>, <b>42</b> (6): 1189–1212, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0026749X07002892">10.1017/S0026749X07002892</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146232991">146232991</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Inaccurate+Conceptions%3A+Disputed+Measures+of+Nutritional+Needs+and+Famine+Deaths+in+Colonial+India&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1189-1212&rft.date=2008-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0026749X07002892&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146232991%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hall-Matthews&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFHeadrick1988" class="citation cs2">Headrick, Daniel R. (1988), <i>The tentacles of progress: technology transfer in the age of imperialism, 1850–1940</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+tentacles+of+progress%3A+technology+transfer+in+the+age+of+imperialism%2C+1850%E2%80%931940&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Headrick&rft.aufirst=Daniel+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFHyam2007" class="citation cs2">Hyam, Ronald (2007), <i>Britain's Declining Empire: The Road to Decolonisation, 1918–1968</i>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-521-86649-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-521-86649-1"><bdi>978-0-521-86649-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain%27s+Declining+Empire%3A+The+Road+to+Decolonisation%2C+1918%E2%80%931968&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-86649-1&rft.aulast=Hyam&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFImperial_Gazetteer_of_India_vol._III1907" class="citation cs2">Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III (1907), <i>The Indian Empire, Economic (Chapter X: Famine), pp. 475–502</i>, Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxx, 1 map, 552.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indian+Empire%2C+Economic+%28Chapter+X%3A+Famine%29%2C+pp.+475%E2%80%93502&rft.pub=Published+under+the+authority+of+His+Majesty%27s+Secretary+of+State+for+India+in+Council%2C+Oxford+at+the+Clarendon+Press.+Pp.+xxx%2C+1+map%2C+552.&rft.date=1907&rft.au=Imperial+Gazetteer+of+India+vol.+III&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFImperial_Gazetteer_of_India_vol._IV1909" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/imperialgazettee04grea"><i>The Imperial Gazetteer of India</i></a>, vol. IV: The Indian Empire, Administrative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+Gazetteer+of+India&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1909&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fimperialgazettee04grea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFJalal1993" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayesha_Jalal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayesha Jalal (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Jalal, Ayesha</a> (1993), <i>The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan</i>, Cambridge U. Press, 334 pages</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sole+Spokesman%3A+Jinnah%2C+the+Muslim+League+and+the+Demand+for+Pakistan&rft.pub=Cambridge+U.+Press%2C+334+pages&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Jalal&rft.aufirst=Ayesha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Kaminsky, Arnold P. <i>The India Office, 1880–1910</i> (1986) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/1880-1910-Contributions-Comparative-Colonial-Studies/dp/0313249091/">excerpt and text search</a>, focus on officials in London</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2007" class="citation cs2">Khan, Yasmin (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatpartitionma00khan"><i>The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan</i></a>, Yale U. Press, 250 pages, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-300-12078-3" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-300-12078-3"><bdi>978-0-300-12078-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Partition%3A+The+Making+of+India+and+Pakistan&rft.pub=Yale+U.+Press%2C+250+pages&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12078-3&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Yasmin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatpartitionma00khan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Khan, Yasmin. <i>India At War: The Subcontinent and the Second World War</i> (2015), wide-ranging scholarly survey <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/India-At-War-Subcontinent-Second/dp/0199753490/">excerpt</a>; also published as Khan, Yasmin. <i>The Raj At War: A People's History Of India's Second World War</i> (2015) a major, comprehensive scholarly study</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFKlein2000" class="citation cs2">Klein, Ira (July 2000), "Materialism, Mutiny and Modernization in British India", <i>Modern Asian Studies</i>, <b>34</b> (3): 545–80, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0026749X00003656">10.1017/S0026749X00003656</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/313141">313141</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143348610">143348610</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Materialism%2C+Mutiny+and+Modernization+in+British+India&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=545-80&rft.date=2000-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143348610%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F313141%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0026749X00003656&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Ira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFKoomar2009" class="citation cs2">Koomar, Roy Basanta (2009), <i>The Labor Revolt in India</i>, BiblioBazaar, LLC, pp. 13–14, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-1-113-34966-8" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-1-113-34966-8"><bdi>978-1-113-34966-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Labor+Revolt+in+India&rft.pages=13-14&rft.pub=BiblioBazaar%2C+LLC&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-113-34966-8&rft.aulast=Koomar&rft.aufirst=Roy+Basanta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Kumar, Deepak. <i>Science and the Raj: A Study of British India</i> (2006)</li> <li>Lipsett, Chaldwell. <i>Lord Curzon in India 1898–1903</i> (1903) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Curzon-India-1898-1903-Chaldwell-Lipsett/dp/1110690029/">excerpt and text search</a> 128pp</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFLow2002" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Low&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Low (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Low, D. A.</a> (2002), <i>Britain and Indian Nationalism: The Imprint of Ambiguity 1929–1942</i>, Cambridge University Press. Pp. 374, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-521-89261-2" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-521-89261-2"><bdi>978-0-521-89261-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+and+Indian+Nationalism%3A+The+Imprint+of+Ambiguity+1929%E2%80%931942&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press.+Pp.+374&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-89261-2&rft.aulast=Low&rft.aufirst=D.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>MacMillan, Margaret. <i>Women of the Raj: The Mothers, Wives, and Daughters of the British Empire in India</i> (2007)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFMetcalf1991" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_R._Metcalf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas R. Metcalf (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Metcalf, Thomas R.</a> (1991), <i>The Aftermath of Revolt: India, 1857–1870</i>, Riverdale Co. Pub. Pp. 352, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-81-85054-99-5" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-81-85054-99-5"><bdi>978-81-85054-99-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Aftermath+of+Revolt%3A+India%2C+1857%E2%80%931870&rft.pub=Riverdale+Co.+Pub.+Pp.+352&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-81-85054-99-5&rft.aulast=Metcalf&rft.aufirst=Thomas+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFMetcalf1997" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_R._Metcalf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas R. Metcalf (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Metcalf, Thomas R.</a> (1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TRcMoGSkRtIC&pg=PR8"><i>Ideologies of the Raj</i></a>, Cambridge University Press, Pp. 256, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-521-58937-6" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-521-58937-6"><bdi>978-0-521-58937-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ideologies+of+the+Raj&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press%2C+Pp.+256&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-521-58937-6&rft.aulast=Metcalf&rft.aufirst=Thomas+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTRcMoGSkRtIC%26pg%3DPR8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2001a" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol">Moore, Robin J. (2001a), "Imperial India, 1858–1914", ใน Porter, Andrew N. (บ.ก.), <i>Oxford History of the British Empire</i>, vol. III: The Nineteenth Century, pp. 422–46, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-19-924678-6" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-19-924678-6"><bdi>978-0-19-924678-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Imperial+India%2C+1858%E2%80%931914&rft.btitle=Oxford+History+of+the+British+Empire&rft.pages=422-46&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-924678-6&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Robin+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Moore, Robin J. "India in the 1940s", in Robin Winks, ed. <i>Oxford History of the British Empire: Historiography</i>, (2001b), pp. 231–42</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFNehru1946" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru, Jawaharlal</a> (1946), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/DiscoveryOfIndia"><i>Discovery of India</i></a>, Delhi: Oxford University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovery+of+India&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1946&rft.aulast=Nehru&rft.aufirst=Jawaharlal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FDiscoveryOfIndia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2001" class="citation cs2">Porter, Andrew, บ.ก. (2001), <i>Oxford History of the British Empire: Nineteenth Century</i>, Oxford University Press. Pp. 800, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-19-924678-6" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-19-924678-6"><bdi>978-0-19-924678-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+History+of+the+British+Empire%3A+Nineteenth+Century&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press.+Pp.+800&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-924678-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Raghavan, Srinath. <i>India's War: World War II and the Making of Modern South Asia</i> (2016). wide-ranging scholarly survey <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/046503022X/">excerpt</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFRai2008" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lajpat_Rai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lajpat Rai (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Rai, Lajpat</a> (2008), <i>England's Debt to India: A Historical Narrative of Britain's Fiscal Policy in India</i>, BiblioBazaar, LLC, pp. 263–281, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-559-80001-6" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-559-80001-6"><bdi>978-0-559-80001-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=England%27s+Debt+to+India%3A+A+Historical+Narrative+of+Britain%27s+Fiscal+Policy+in+India&rft.pages=263-281&rft.pub=BiblioBazaar%2C+LLC&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-559-80001-6&rft.aulast=Rai&rft.aufirst=Lajpat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFRaja2010" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masood_Ashraf_Raja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masood Ashraf Raja (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Raja, Masood Ashraf</a> (2010), <i>Constructing Pakistan: Foundational Texts and the Rise of Muslim National Identity, 1857–1947</i>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-19-547811-2" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-19-547811-2"><bdi>978-0-19-547811-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constructing+Pakistan%3A+Foundational+Texts+and+the+Rise+of+Muslim+National+Identity%2C+1857%E2%80%931947&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-547811-2&rft.aulast=Raja&rft.aufirst=Masood+Ashraf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFRamusack2004" class="citation cs2">Ramusack, Barbara (2004), <i>The Indian Princes and their States (The New Cambridge History of India)</i>, Cambridge University Press. Pp. 324, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-521-03989-5" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-521-03989-5"><bdi>978-0-521-03989-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indian+Princes+and+their+States+%28The+New+Cambridge+History+of+India%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press.+Pp.+324&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-03989-5&rft.aulast=Ramusack&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Read, Anthony, and David Fisher; <i>The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence</i> (W. W. Norton, 1999) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/proudestdayindia0000read">Archive.org, borrowable</a></li> <li>Riddick, John F. <i>The History of British India: A Chronology</i> (2006) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Es6x4u_g19UC">excerpt</a></li> <li>Riddick, John F. <i>Who Was Who in British India</i> (1998); 5000 entries <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LI8UAQAAIAAJ">excerpt</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFShaikh1989" class="citation cs2">Shaikh, Farzana (1989), <i>Community and Consensus in Islam: Muslim Representation in Colonial India, 1860–1947</i>, Cambridge University Press. Pp. 272., <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-521-36328-0" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-521-36328-0"><bdi>978-0-521-36328-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Community+and+Consensus+in+Islam%3A+Muslim+Representation+in+Colonial+India%2C+1860%E2%80%931947&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press.+Pp.+272.&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-521-36328-0&rft.aulast=Shaikh&rft.aufirst=Farzana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFTalbotSingh1999" class="citation cs2">Talbot, Ian; Singh, Gurharpal, บ.ก. (1999), <i>Region and Partition: Bengal, Punjab and the Partition of the Subcontinent</i>, Oxford University Press. Pp. 420, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-19-579051-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-19-579051-1"><bdi>978-0-19-579051-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Region+and+Partition%3A+Bengal%2C+Punjab+and+the+Partition+of+the+Subcontinent&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press.+Pp.+420&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-579051-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Thatcher, Mary. <i>Respected Memsahibs: an Anthology</i> (Hardinge Simpole, 2008)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFTinker1968" class="citation cs2">Tinker, Hugh (October 1968), "India in the First World War and after", <i>Journal of Contemporary History</i>, <b>3</b> (4, 1918–19: From War to Peace): 89–107, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002200946800300407">10.1177/002200946800300407</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/259853">259853</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150456443">150456443</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+History&rft.atitle=India+in+the+First+World+War+and+after&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4%2C+1918%E2%80%9319%3A+From+War+to+Peace&rft.pages=89-107&rft.date=1968-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A150456443%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F259853%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002200946800300407&rft.aulast=Tinker&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Voigt, Johannes. <i>India in The Second World War</i> (1988)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFWainwright1993" class="citation cs2">Wainwright, A. Martin (1993), <i>Inheritance of Empire: Britain, India, and the Balance of Power in Asia, 1938–55</i>, Praeger Publishers. Pp. xvi, 256, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-275-94733-0" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-275-94733-0"><bdi>978-0-275-94733-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inheritance+of+Empire%3A+Britain%2C+India%2C+and+the+Balance+of+Power+in+Asia%2C+1938%E2%80%9355&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers.+Pp.+xvi%2C+256&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-275-94733-0&rft.aulast=Wainwright&rft.aufirst=A.+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFWolpert2007" class="citation cs2">Wolpert, Stanley A. (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-47042/India">"India: British Imperial Power 1858–1947 (Indian nationalism and the British response, 1885–1920; Prelude to Independence, 1920–1947)"</a>, <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=India%3A+British+Imperial+Power+1858%E2%80%931947+%28Indian+nationalism+and+the+British+response%2C+1885%E2%80%931920%3B+Prelude+to+Independence%2C+1920%E2%80%931947%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Wolpert&rft.aufirst=Stanley+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-47042%2FIndia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Wolpert, Stanley A. <i>Jinnah of Pakistan</i> (2005)</li> <li>Wolpert, Stanley A. <i>Tilak and Gokhale: revolution and reform in the making of modern India</i> (1962) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cmV6KLzEZNAC">full text online</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับด้านเศรษฐกิจและประวัติศาสตร์สังคม"><span id=".E0.B9.81.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.A5.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B5.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.94.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.A8.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A9.E0.B8.90.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.88.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B0.E0.B8.9B.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B0.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.A8.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.8C.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.A1"></span>แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับด้านเศรษฐกิจและประวัติศาสตร์สังคม</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&action=edit&section=9" title="แก้ไขส่วน: แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับด้านเศรษฐกิจและประวัติศาสตร์สังคม"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8938631"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Anstey, Vera. <i>The economic development of India</i> (4th ed. 1952), 677pp; thorough scholarly coverage; focus on 20th century down to 1939</li> <li>Ballhatchet, Kenneth. <i>Race, Sex, and Class under the Raj: Imperial Attitudes and Policies and Their Critics, 1793–1905</i> (1980).</li> <li>Chaudhary, Latika, et al. eds. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_New_Economic_History_of_Colonial_India/-chmCgAAQBAJ"><i>A New Economic History of Colonial India</i></a> (2015)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFDerbyshire1987" class="citation cs2">Derbyshire, I. D. (1987), "Economic Change and the Railways in North India, 1860–1914", <i>Population Studies</i>, <b>21</b> (3): 521–45, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0026749x00009197">10.1017/s0026749x00009197</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/312641">312641</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146480332">146480332</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Population+Studies&rft.atitle=Economic+Change+and+the+Railways+in+North+India%2C+1860%E2%80%931914&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=521-45&rft.date=1987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146480332%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F312641%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0026749x00009197&rft.aulast=Derbyshire&rft.aufirst=I.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Chaudhuri, Nupur. "Imperialism and Gender." in <i>Encyclopedia of European Social History,</i> edited by Peter N. Stearns, (vol. 1, 2001), pp. 515–521. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3460500057/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=GPS&xid=6ee40b44">online</a> emphasis on Raj.</li> <li>Dutt, Romesh C. <i>The Economic History of India under early British Rule</i> (1901); <i>The Economic History of India in the Victorian Age</i> (1906) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28Dutt%2C%20Romesh%20C.%20%27%27The%20Economic%20History%20of%20India%22%29%20AND%20creator%3A%28Dutt%2C%20Romesh%20%29">online</a></li> <li>Gupta, Charu, ed. <i>Gendering Colonial India: Reforms, Print, Caste and Communalism</i> (2012)</li> <li>Hyam, Ronald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3704337"><i>Empire and Sexuality: The British Experience</i></a> (1990).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFKumarDesai1983" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol">Kumar, Dharma; Desai, Meghnad (1983), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9ew8AAAAIAAJ"><i>The Cambridge Economic History of India</i></a>, vol. 2: c. 1757–c. 1970, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-521-22802-2" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-521-22802-2"><bdi>978-0-521-22802-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Economic+History+of+India&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-521-22802-2&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Dharma&rft.au=Desai%2C+Meghnad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9ew8AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Lockwood, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/openview/50a1ffbea6422ce9b62141f99391e4e7/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=54954"><i>The Indian Bourgeoisie: A Political History of the Indian Capitalist Class in the Early Twentieth Century</i></a> (I.B. Tauris, 2012) 315 pages; focus on Indian entrepreneurs who benefited from the Raj, but ultimately sided with the Indian National Congress.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFO'Dell2014" class="citation journal cs1">O'Dell, Benjamin D (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academia.edu/download/49550822/ODell_Beyond_Bengal_VLC.pdf">"Beyond Bengal: Gender, Education, And The Writing Of Colonial Indian History"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Victorian Literature and Culture</i>. <b>42</b> (3): 535–551. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1060150314000138">10.1017/S1060150314000138</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:96476257">96476257</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Victorian+Literature+and+Culture&rft.atitle=Beyond+Bengal%3A+Gender%2C+Education%2C+And+The+Writing+Of+Colonial+Indian+History&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=535-551&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1060150314000138&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A96476257%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=O%27Dell&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2Fdownload%2F49550822%2FODell_Beyond_Bengal_VLC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title=" เมื่อ July 2022" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="วิกิพีเดีย:ลิงก์เสีย">ลิงก์เสีย</a></i>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFRoy2002" class="citation cs2">Roy, Tirthankar (Summer 2002), "Economic History and Modern India: Redefining the Link", <i>The Journal of Economic Perspectives</i>, <b>16</b> (3): 109–30, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="เข้าถึงได้ฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1257%2F089533002760278749">10.1257/089533002760278749</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/3216953">3216953</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Economic+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Economic+History+and+Modern+India%3A+Redefining+the+Link&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=109-30&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1257%2F089533002760278749&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3216953%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Tirthankar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sarkar, J. (2013, reprint). Economics of British India ... Third edition. Enlarged and partly rewritten. Calcutta: M.C. Sarkar & Sons.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFSimmons1985" class="citation cs2">Simmons, Colin (1985), "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'De-Industrialization', Industrialization and the Indian Economy, c. 1850–1947", <i>Modern Asian Studies</i>, <b>19</b> (3): 593–622, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0026749x00007745">10.1017/s0026749x00007745</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/312453">312453</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144581168">144581168</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=%27De-Industrialization%27%2C+Industrialization+and+the+Indian+Economy%2C+c.+1850%E2%80%931947&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=593-622&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144581168%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F312453%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0026749x00007745&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sinha, Mrinalini. <i>Colonial Masculinity: The 'Manly Englishman' and the 'Effeminate Bengali' in the Late Nineteenth Century</i> (1995).</li> <li>Strobel, Margaret. <i>European Women and the Second British Empire</i> (1991).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFTirthankar2014" class="citation cs2">Tirthankar, Roy (2014), "Financing the Raj: the City of London and colonial India 1858–1940", <i>Business History</i>, <b>56</b> (6): 1024–1026, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00076791.2013.828424">10.1080/00076791.2013.828424</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153716644">153716644</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+History&rft.atitle=Financing+the+Raj%3A+the+City+of+London+and+colonial+India+1858%E2%80%931940&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1024-1026&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00076791.2013.828424&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153716644%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Tirthankar&rft.aufirst=Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFTomlinson1993" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol">Tomlinson, Brian Roger (1993), <i>The Economy of Modern India, 1860–1970</i>, New Cambridge history of India, vol. III, 3, Cambridge University Press, p. 109, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-0-521-36230-6" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-0-521-36230-6"><bdi>978-0-521-36230-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Economy+of+Modern+India%2C+1860%E2%80%931970&rft.series=New+Cambridge+history+of+India&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-36230-6&rft.aulast=Tomlinson&rft.aufirst=Brian+Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFTomlinson1975" class="citation cs2">Tomlinson, Brian Roger (October 1975), "India and the British Empire, 1880–1935", <i>Indian Economic and Social History Review</i>, <b>12</b> (4): 337–380, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F001946467501200401">10.1177/001946467501200401</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144217855">144217855</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Economic+and+Social+History+Review&rft.atitle=India+and+the+British+Empire%2C+1880%E2%80%931935&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=337-380&rft.date=1975-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F001946467501200401&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144217855%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Tomlinson&rft.aufirst=Brian+Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับประวัติศาสตร์นิพนธ์และความทรงจำ"><span id=".E0.B9.81.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.A5.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B5.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.9B.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B0.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.A8.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.8C.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.98.E0.B9.8C.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B0.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.88.E0.B8.B3"></span>แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับประวัติศาสตร์นิพนธ์และความทรงจำ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&action=edit&section=10" title="แก้ไขส่วน: แหล่งอ้างอิงเกี่ยวกับประวัติศาสตร์นิพนธ์และความทรงจำ"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFAndrews,_C.F.2017" class="citation book cs1">Andrews, C.F. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tMZRDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT11"><i>India and the Simon Report</i></a>. Routledge reprint of 1930 first edition. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9781315444987" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9781315444987"><bdi>9781315444987</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+and+the+Simon+Report&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Routledge+reprint+of+1930+first+edition&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781315444987&rft.au=Andrews%2C+C.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtMZRDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Durant, Will (2011, reprint). The case for India. New York: Simon and Schuster.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFEllis2009" class="citation journal cs1">Ellis, Catriona (2009). "Education for All: Reassessing the Historiography of Education in Colonial India". <i>History Compass</i>. <b>7</b> (2): 363–75. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1478-0542.2008.00564.x">10.1111/j.1478-0542.2008.00564.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Compass&rft.atitle=Education+for+All%3A+Reassessing+the+Historiography+of+Education+in+Colonial+India&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=363-75&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1478-0542.2008.00564.x&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=Catriona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFGilmartin2015" class="citation journal cs1">Gilmartin, David (2015). "The Historiography of India's Partition: Between Civilization and Modernity". <i>The Journal of Asian Studies</i>. <b>74</b> (1): 23–41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0021911814001685">10.1017/s0021911814001685</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:67841003">67841003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Historiography+of+India%27s+Partition%3A+Between+Civilization+and+Modernity&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=23-41&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0021911814001685&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A67841003%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gilmartin&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFMajor2011" class="citation journal cs1">Major, Andrea (2011). "Tall tales and true: India, historiography and British imperial imaginings". <i>Contemporary South Asia</i>. <b>19</b> (3): 331–32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09584935.2011.594257">10.1080/09584935.2011.594257</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145802033">145802033</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+South+Asia&rft.atitle=Tall+tales+and+true%3A+India%2C+historiography+and+British+imperial+imaginings&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=331-32&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09584935.2011.594257&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145802033%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Major&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Mantena, Rama Sundari. <i>The Origins of Modern Historiography in India: Antiquarianism and Philology</i> (2012)</li> <li>Moor-Gilbert, Bart. <i>Writing India, 1757–1990: The Literature of British India</i> (1996) on fiction written in English</li> <li>Mukherjee, Soumyen. "Origins of Indian Nationalism: Some Questions on the Historiography of Modern India." <i>Sydney Studies in Society and Culture</i> 13 (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openjournals.library.usyd.edu.au/index.php/SSSC/article/download/7500/7868">online</a></li> <li>Nawaz, Rafida, and Syed Hussain Murtaza. "Impact of Imperial Discourses on Changing Subjectivities in Core and Periphery: A Study of British India and British Nigeria." <i>Perennial Journal of History</i> 2.2 (2021): 114-130. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pjh.wum.edu.pk/index.php/ojs/article/download/66/56">online</a></li> <li>Nayak, Bhabani Shankar. "Colonial world of postcolonial historians: reification, theoreticism, and the neoliberal reinvention of tribal identity in India." <i>Journal of Asian and African Studies</i> 56.3 (2021): 511-532 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0021909620930048">online</a>.</li> <li>Parkash, Jai. "Major trends of historiography of revolutionary movement in India – Phase II." (PhD dissertation, Maharshi Dayanand University, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/7844/7/07_summary.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Philips, Cyril H. ed. <i>Historians of India, Pakistan and Ceylon</i> (1961), reviews the older scholarship</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFStern2009" class="citation journal cs1">Stern, Philip J (2009). "History and Historiography of the English East India Company: Past, Present, and Future". <i>History Compass</i>. <b>7</b> (4): 1146–80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1478-0542.2009.00617.x">10.1111/j.1478-0542.2009.00617.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Compass&rft.atitle=History+and+Historiography+of+the+English+East+India+Company%3A+Past%2C+Present%2C+and+Future&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1146-80&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1478-0542.2009.00617.x&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Philip+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Stern, Philip J. "Early Eighteenth-Century British India: Antimeridian or antemeridiem?." '<i>Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History</i> 21.2 (2020) pp 1–26, focus on C.A. Bayly, <i>Imperial Meridian</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/761127/summary">online</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFWhitehead2005" class="citation journal cs1">Whitehead, Clive (2005). "The historiography of British imperial education policy, Part I: India". <i>History of Education</i>. <b>34</b> (3): 315–329. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00467600500065340">10.1080/00467600500065340</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144515505">144515505</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Education&rft.atitle=The+historiography+of+British+imperial+education+policy%2C+Part+I%3A+India&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=315-329&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00467600500065340&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144515505%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Whitehead&rft.aufirst=Clive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Winks, Robin, ed. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofb0005unse/page/n5/mode/2up">Historiography</a></i> (1999) vol. 5 in William Roger Louis, eds. <i>The Oxford History of the British Empire</i></li> <li>Winks, Robin W. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historiographyof0000wink/page/n5/mode/2up">The Historiography of the British Empire-Commonwealth: Trends, Interpretations and Resources</a></i> (1966)</li> <li>Young, Richard Fox, ed. (2009). <i>Indian Christian Historiography from Below, from Above, and in Between India and the Indianness of Christianity: Essays on Understanding – Historical, Theological, and Bibliographical – in Honor of Robert Eric Frykenberg</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="หนังสืออ่านเพิ่ม"><span id=".E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.B7.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.B4.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.A1"></span>หนังสืออ่านเพิ่ม</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&action=edit&section=11" title="แก้ไขส่วน: หนังสืออ่านเพิ่ม"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10827797">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12102239">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search">วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</a>มีสื่อที่เกี่ยวข้องกับ <b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:British_Raj?setlang=th">บริติชราช</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10827797"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r12102239"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">วิกิคำคมมีคำคมเกี่ยวกับ <i><b><a href="https://th.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/บริติชราช">บริติชราช</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10827797"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r12102239"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">วิกิท่องเที่ยว มีคำแนะนำการท่องเที่ยวสำหรับ <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A#Q129286" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:บริติชราช">บริติชราช</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10827797"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r12102239"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">วิกิพจนานุกรม มีความหมายของคำว่า <i><b><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/บริติชราช">บริติชราช</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li>Malone, David M., C. Raja Mohan, and Srinath Raghavan, eds. <i>The Oxford handbook of Indian foreign policy (2015)</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Oxford-Handbook-Indian-Foreign-Policy/dp/0198799063/">excerpt</a> pp 55–79.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015027588329;view=1up;seq=5">Simon Report (1930) vol 1</a>, wide-ranging survey of conditions</li> <li>Editors, Charles Rivers (2016). The British Raj: The History and Legacy of Great Britain's Imperialism in India and the Indian subcontinent.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFKeith,_Arthur_Berriedale1912" class="citation book cs1">Keith, Arthur Berriedale (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/responsiblegove00keitgoog"><i>Responsible government in the dominions</i></a>. The Clarendon press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Responsible+government+in+the+dominions&rft.pub=The+Clarendon+press&rft.date=1912&rft.au=Keith%2C+Arthur+Berriedale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fresponsiblegove00keitgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span>, major primary source</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="หนังสือประจำรายปีและการบันทึกทางสถิติ"><span id=".E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.B7.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.9B.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B0.E0.B8.88.E0.B8.B3.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.9B.E0.B8.B5.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B0.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B6.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.96.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B4"></span>หนังสือประจำรายปีและการบันทึกทางสถิติ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&action=edit&section=12" title="แก้ไขส่วน: หนังสือประจำรายปีและการบันทึกทางสถิติ"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Indian Year-book for 1862: A review of social, intellectual, and religious progress in India and Ceylon</i> (1863), ed. by John Murdoch <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ODMQAAAAYAAJ">online edition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uqAEAAAAQAAJ">1861 edition</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i25MAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Year-book of the Imperial Institute of the United Kingdom, the colonies and India: a statistical record of the resources and trade of the colonial and Indian possessions of the British Empire</i></a> (2nd ed.), India, 1893, pp. 375–462 – โดยทาง Google Books</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Year-book+of+the+Imperial+Institute+of+the+United+Kingdom%2C+the+colonies+and+India%3A+a+statistical+record+of+the+resources+and+trade+of+the+colonial+and+Indian+possessions+of+the+British+Empire&rft.place=India&rft.pages=375-462&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=1893&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di25MAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>The Imperial Gazetteer of India</i> (26 vol, 1908–31), highly detailed description of all of India in 1901. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/">online edition</a></li> <li><i>Statistical abstract relating to British India, from 1895–96 to 1904–05</i> (London, 1906) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xC5RAAAAYAAJ">full text online</a>,</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U9bkAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Cyclopedia of India: biographical, historical, administrative, commercial</i></a> (1908) business history, biographies, illustrations</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.850">The Indian Year Book: 1914</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i>The Indian Annual Register: A digest of public affairs of India regarding the nation's activities in the matters, political, economic, industrial, educational, etc. during the period 1919–1947</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.40427">online</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.40427">1930 edition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.110101">1921 edition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28%22+Indian+Annual+Register%22%29&sort=-date&page=4">1919–1947 editions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12093835">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10791470">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ประวัติศาสตร์ของจักรวรรดิ" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r12093835"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12093841">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ดู"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4" title="แม่แบบ:จักรวรรดิ"><abbr title="ดูแม่แบบนี้" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">ด</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-คุย"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="คุยเรื่องแม่แบบ:จักรวรรดิ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)"><abbr title="อภิปรายแม่แบบนี้" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">ค</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-แก้"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:EditPage/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4" title="พิเศษ:EditPage/แม่แบบ:จักรวรรดิ"><abbr title="แก้ไขแม่แบบนี้" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">ก</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ประวัติศาสตร์ของจักรวรรดิ" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ประวัติศาสตร์">ประวัติศาสตร์</a>ของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4" title="จักรวรรดิ">จักรวรรดิ</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">โบราณ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93" title="อียิปต์โบราณ">อียิปต์โบราณ</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 3150+)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" title="เอลาม">เอลาไมต์</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 3000+)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="อารยธรรมมิโนอัน">มิโนอัน</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 2700+)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%94" title="จักรวรรดิแอกแคด">แอกแคด</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 2400+)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="อัสซีเรีย">อัสซีเรีย</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 2000+)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="อาณาจักรบาบิโลเนีย">บาบิโลเนีย</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 1696)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="จักรวรรดิอียิปต์">อียิปต์</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 1600+)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ประวัติศาสตร์ฮิตไทต์">ฮิตไทต์</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 1800+)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ฟินิเชีย">ฟินิเชีย</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 1200)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88" title="จักรวรรดิอัสซีเรียใหม่">อัสซีเรียใหม่</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 934)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2" title="ราชอาณาจักรมาเกโดนีอา">มาเกโดนีอา</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 800)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%98" title="แคว้นมคธ">มคธ</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 684)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="จักรวรรดิมีเดีย (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">มีเดีย</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 625)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="จักรวรรดิอคีเมนียะห์">อคีเมนียะห์</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 550)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0" title="ราชวงศ์นันทะ">นันทะ</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 424)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AC%E0%B8%B0" title="ราชวงศ์โจฬะ">โจฬะ</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 300)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="จักรวรรดิทอเลมี">ทอเลมี</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 305)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0" title="ราชวงศ์โมริยะ">โมริยะ</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 322)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94" title="จักรวรรดิซิลูซิด">ซิลูซิด</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 312)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="จักรวรรดิพาร์เธีย">พาร์เธีย</a> <small>(อาร์ซาซิด)</small> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 247)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="จักรวรรดิสาตวาหนะ">สาตวาหนะ</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 230)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ราชวงศ์ฉิน">ฉิน</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 221)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="ราชวงศ์ฮั่น">ฮั่น</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 202)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="จักรวรรดิชังกา (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ชังกา</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 185)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B0" title="จักรวรรดิกุษาณะ">กุษาณะ</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 60)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="จักรวรรดิโรมัน">โรมัน</a> <small><i>(ก.ค.ศ. 27)</i></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81" title="จักรวรรดิโรมันตะวันตก">โรมันตะวันตก</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="จักรวรรดิโรมันตะวันออก">โรมันตะวันออก</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="จักรวรรดิอัคซูไมท์">อัคซูไมท์</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 50)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="จักรวรรดิซาสซานิยะห์">ซาสซานิยะห์</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 224)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="จักรวรรดิพาลไมรีน">พาลไมรีน</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 260)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" title="ราชวงศ์จิ้น">จิน</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 265)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0" title="จักรวรรดิคุปตะ">คุปตะ</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 280)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="จักรวรรดิฮัน">ฮัน</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 370)</i></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ยุคกลาง</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="จักรวรรดิแฟรงก์">แฟรงก์</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 481)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0" title="ราชวงศ์จาลุกยะ">จาลุกยะ</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 543)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2" title="ราชวงศ์สุย">สุย</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 581)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="ราชวงศ์ถัง">ถัง</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 618)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="จักรวรรดิบัลแกเรีย">บัลแกเรีย</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 632)</i></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1" title="จักรวรรดิบัลแกเรียที่ 1">บัลแกเรียที่หนึ่ง</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2" title="จักรวรรดิบัลแกเรียที่ 2">บัลแกเรียที่สอง</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="จักรวรรดิอาหรับ">อาหรับ</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 632)</i></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์รอชิดีน">รอชิดีน</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์อุมัยยะฮ์">อุมัยยะฮ์</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์อับบาซียะฮ์">อับบาซียะฮ์</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์ฟาติมียะห์">ฟาติมียะห์</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2" title="อาณาจักรศรีวิชัย">ศรีวิชัย</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 660)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="จักรวรรดิเวนิส">เวนิส</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 697)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="จักรวรรดิคาเน็ม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">คาเน็ม</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 700)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0" title="จักรวรรดิปาละ">ปาละ</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 750)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%BA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ราชวงศ์ราษฏฺรกูฏ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ราษฏฺรกูฏ</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 753)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ราชวงศ์อิดรีสิด (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อิดรีสิด</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 789)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="จักรวรรดิกานา (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">กานา</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 790)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8C%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="จักรวรรดิการอแล็งเฌียง">การอแล็งเฌียง</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 800)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="จักรวรรดิทิเบต">ทิเบต</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 800?)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="จักรวรรดิเขมร">เขมร</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 802)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เกรตโมราเวีย (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">จักรวรรดิเกรตโมราเวีย</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 833)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="ราชวงศ์ซาฟฟาริยะห์">ซาฟฟาริยะห์</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 861)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="จักรวรรดิไบแซนไทน์">ไบแซนไทน์</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 873)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9F" title="จักรวรรดิรุสเคียฟ">รุสเคียฟ</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 880)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7" title="ราชวงศ์เหลียว">เหลียว</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 907)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2" title="จักรวรรดิตูอีโตงา">ตูอีโตงา</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 950)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="ราชวงศ์ซ่ง">ซ่ง</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 960)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C" title="จักรวรรดิโรมันอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์">โรมันอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 962)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C" title="จักรวรรดิกาสนาวิยะห์">กาสนาวิยะห์</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 963)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อาณาจักรได่เวียด (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ได่เวียด</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 968)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="ราชอาณาจักรฮังการี">ฮังการี</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 1000)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อาณาจักรจอร์เจีย (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">จอร์เจีย</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1007)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="จักรวรรดิฮอยซารา (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ฮอยซารา</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 1026)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84" title="จักรวรรดิเซลจุค">เซลจุค</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 1037)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ราชวงศ์อัลโมราวิด (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อัลโมราวิด</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 1040)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="จักรวรรดิควาเรซเมีย (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ควาเรซเมีย</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์อัลโมฮาด (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อัลโมฮาด</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 1124)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="จักรวรรดิอองชู (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อองชู</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 1154)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="จักรวรรดิเบนิน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เบนิน</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1170)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="จักรวรรดิละติน">ละติน</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1204)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="รัฐสุลต่านเดลี (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เดลี</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1205)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5" title="จักรวรรดิมองโกล">มองโกล</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1206)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="จักรวรรดิข่านชากาทาย">ชากาทาย</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1225)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="จักรวรรดิมาลี">มาลี</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 1230)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94" title="โกลเดนฮอร์ด">โกลเดนฮอร์ด</a> <small><i>(ราว ค.ศ. 1240)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ราชวงศ์มะรีนิด (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">มะรีนิด</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1244)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81_(%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3)" class="mw-redirect" title="รัฐสุลต่านมัมลูก (ไคโร)">มัมลูก</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1250)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5" title="จักรวรรดิข่านอิล">อิลข่าน</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1256)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="จักรวรรดิเอธิโอเปีย">เอธิโอเปีย</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1270)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99" title="ราชวงศ์หยวน">หยวน</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1271)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95" title="อาณาจักรมัชปาหิต">มัชปาหิต</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1293)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="จักรวรรดิออตโตมัน">ออตโตมัน</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1299)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81" title="จักรวรรดิแอซเท็ก">แอซเท็ก</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1325)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3" title="จักรวรรดิวิชัยนคร">วิชัยนคร</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1336)</i></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ยุคใหม่</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE" title="จักรวรรดิซองไฮ">ซองไฮ</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1340)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="จักรวรรดิเซอร์เบีย">เซอร์เบีย</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1346)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="ราชวงศ์หมิง">หมิง</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1368)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%99" title="จักรวรรดิบรูไน">บรูไน</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1368)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="ราชวงศ์ตีมูร์">ตีมูร์</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1370)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="จักรวรรดิโอโย (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">โอโย</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1400)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="จักรวรรดิบอร์นู (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">บอร์นู</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="รัฐสุลต่านมะละกา (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">มะละกา</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1400)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA" title="จักรวรรดิโปรตุเกส">โปรตุเกส</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1415)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2" title="จักรวรรดิอินคา">อินคา</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1438)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="รัฐสุลต่านเดมัก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เดมัก</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1475)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐสุลต่านอาเจะฮ์">อาเจะฮ์</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1480)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%99" title="จักรวรรดิสเปน">สเปน</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1492)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="จักรวรรดิซาฟาวิยะห์">ซาฟาวิยะห์</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1501)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5" title="จักรวรรดิโมกุล">โมกุล</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1526)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="รัฐสุลต่านยะโฮร์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ยะโฮร์</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1528)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="จักรวรรดิอาณานิคมฝรั่งเศส">อาณานิคมฝรั่งเศส</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1534)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81" title="จักรวรรดิอาณานิคมเดนมาร์ก">อาณานิคมเดนมาร์ก</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1536)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ราชวงศ์ซะอะดี (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ซะอะดี</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1549)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="สหภาพไอบีเรีย">ไอบีเรีย</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1580)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="รัฐสุลต่านมะตะรัม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">มะตะรัม</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1585)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%8C" title="จักรวรรดิดัตช์">ดัตช์</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1605)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99" title="จักรวรรดิสวีเดน">สวีเดน</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1611)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="ราชวงศ์ชิง">ชิง</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1636)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="จักรวรรดิอาณานิคมสวีเดน">อาณานิคมสวีเดน</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1638)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2" title="จักรวรรดิมราฐา">มราฐา</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1674)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="จักรวรรดิโอมาน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">โอมาน</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1696)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A" title="จักรวรรดิบริติช">บริติช</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1707)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="จักรวรรดิรัสเซีย">รัสเซีย</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1721)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="จักรวรรดิอาฟชาริยะห์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อาฟชาริยะห์</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1736)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ราชวงศ์ซานด์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ซานด์</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1750)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A3" title="ราชวงศ์กอญัร">กอญัร</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1794)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%8C" title="จักรวรรดิซิกข์">ซิกข์</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1799)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="ราชวงศ์เหงียน">เหงียน</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1802)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1" class="mw-redirect" title="จักรวรรดิฝรั่งเศสที่ 1">ฝรั่งเศสที่ 1</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1804)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="จักรวรรดิออสเตรีย">ออสเตรีย</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1804)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="จักรวรรดิเฮติที่ 1 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เฮติที่ 1</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1804)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1" title="จักรวรรดิเม็กซิโกที่ 1">เม็กซิโกที่ 1</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1821)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5" title="จักรวรรดิบราซิล">บราซิล</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1822)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="จักรวรรดิเฮติที่ 2 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เฮติที่ 2</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1849)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2" class="mw-redirect" title="จักรวรรดิฝรั่งเศสที่ 2">ฝรั่งเศสที่ 2</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1852)</i></small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">อินเดีย</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1858)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="จักรวรรดิเม็กซิโกที่ 2 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เม็กซิโกที่ 2</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1864)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2-%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="จักรวรรดิออสเตรีย-ฮังการี">ออสเตรีย-ฮังการี</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1867)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="จักรวรรดิญี่ปุ่น">ญี่ปุ่น</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1868)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="จักรวรรดิเยอรมัน">เยอรมัน</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1871)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="จักรวรรดิอิตาลี">อิตาลี</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1882)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="จักรวรรดิอาณานิคมเยอรมัน">อาณานิคมเยอรมัน</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1884)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="จักรวรรดิอาณานิคมญี่ปุ่น">อาณานิคมญี่ปุ่น</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1895)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="จักรวรรดิเกาหลี">เกาหลี</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1897)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="จักรวรรดิอาณานิคมเบลเยียม">อาณานิคมเบลเยียม</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1908)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%84.%E0%B8%A8._1915%E2%80%931916)" title="จักรวรรดิจีน (ค.ศ. 1915–1916)">จีน</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1915)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5" title="อิหร่านปาห์ลาวี">อิหร่าน</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1925)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B9" title="ประเทศแมนจู">แมนจู</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1934)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" title="จักรวรรดิเวียดนาม">เวียดนาม</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1945)</i></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="จักรวรรดิแอฟริกากลาง">แอฟริกากลาง</a> <small><i>(ค.ศ. 1976)</i></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>หมายเหตุ:</b> <i>เรียงลำดับตามปีการก่อตั้ง เลขในวงเล็บหลังชื่อแสดงปีการก่อตั้ง</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9895811">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Crystal_Clear_app_kworldclock.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Crystal_Clear_app_kworldclock.png/35px-Crystal_Clear_app_kworldclock.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Crystal_Clear_app_kworldclock.png/53px-Crystal_Clear_app_kworldclock.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Crystal_Clear_app_kworldclock.png/70px-Crystal_Clear_app_kworldclock.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body"> บทความ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ประวัติศาสตร์">ประวัติศาสตร์</a>นี้ยังเป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87" title="วิกิพีเดีย:โครง">โครง</a> คุณสามารถช่วยวิกิพีเดียได้โดยการ<a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&action=edit">เพิ่มเติมข้อมูล</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r12093835"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r12093841"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ดู"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="แม่แบบ:โครงประวัติศาสตร์"><abbr title="ดูแม่แบบนี้">ด</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-คุย"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="คุยเรื่องแม่แบบ:โครงประวัติศาสตร์"><abbr title="อภิปรายแม่แบบนี้">ค</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-แก้"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:EditPage/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="พิเศษ:EditPage/แม่แบบ:โครงประวัติศาสตร์"><abbr title="แก้ไขแม่แบบนี้">ก</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">เข้าถึงจาก "<a dir="ltr" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=บริติชราช&oldid=11908846">https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=บริติชราช&oldid=11908846</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88" title="พิเศษ:หมวดหมู่">หมวดหมู่</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88July_2022&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีลิงก์เสียตั้งแต่July 2022 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">บทความที่มีลิงก์เสียตั้งแต่July 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="หมวดหมู่:บริติชอินเดีย">บริติชอินเดีย</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1" title="หมวดหมู่:อินเดียสมัยอาณานิคม">อินเดียสมัยอาณานิคม</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="หมวดหมู่:รัฐสิ้นสภาพในทวีปเอเชีย">รัฐสิ้นสภาพในทวีปเอเชีย</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2401" title="หมวดหมู่:รัฐและดินแดนที่ก่อตั้งในปี พ.ศ. 2401">รัฐและดินแดนที่ก่อตั้งในปี พ.ศ. 2401</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2490" title="หมวดหมู่:สิ้นสุดในปี พ.ศ. 2490">สิ้นสุดในปี พ.ศ. 2490</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="หมวดหมู่:ประวัติศาสตร์ปากีสถาน">ประวัติศาสตร์ปากีสถาน</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="หมวดหมู่:ประวัติศาสตร์บังกลาเทศ">ประวัติศาสตร์บังกลาเทศ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="หมวดหมู่:รัฐสิ้นสภาพในประเทศอินเดีย">รัฐสิ้นสภาพในประเทศอินเดีย</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="หมวดหมู่:รัฐสิ้นสภาพในประเทศปากีสถาน">รัฐสิ้นสภาพในประเทศปากีสถาน</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2" title="หมวดหมู่:รัฐสิ้นสภาพในประเทศพม่า">รัฐสิ้นสภาพในประเทศพม่า</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3" title="หมวดหมู่:พม่าภายใต้การปกครองของสหราชอาณาจักร">พม่าภายใต้การปกครองของสหราชอาณาจักร</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="หมวดหมู่:อดีตอาณานิคมและรัฐในอารักขาของอังกฤษในทวีปเอเชีย">อดีตอาณานิคมและรัฐในอารักขาของอังกฤษในทวีปเอเชีย</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5" title="หมวดหมู่:การล่มสลายของจักรวรรดิโมกุล">การล่มสลายของจักรวรรดิโมกุล</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความเกี่ยวกับ ประวัติศาสตร์ ที่ยังไม่สมบูรณ์">บทความเกี่ยวกับ ประวัติศาสตร์ ที่ยังไม่สมบูรณ์</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">หมวดหมู่ที่ซ่อนอยู่: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="หมวดหมู่:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาอังกฤษ">บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาอังกฤษ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความทั้งหมดที่มีลิงก์เสีย">บทความทั้งหมดที่มีลิงก์เสีย</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่เรียกใช้แม่แบบโดยใส่วันที่ไม่ถูกต้อง">บทความที่เรียกใช้แม่แบบโดยใส่วันที่ไม่ถูกต้อง</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความทั้งหมดที่ยังไม่สมบูรณ์">บทความทั้งหมดที่ยังไม่สมบูรณ์</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> หน้านี้แก้ไขล่าสุดเมื่อวันที่ 9 พฤศจิกายน 2567 เวลา 02:41 น.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><div>อนุญาตให้เผยแพร่ภายใต้<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">สัญญาอนุญาตครีเอทีฟคอมมอนส์ แบบแสดงที่มา-อนุญาตแบบเดียวกัน</a> และอาจมีเงื่อนไขเพิ่มเติม ดูรายละเอียดที่ <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/th">ข้อกำหนดการใช้งาน</a><br /> Wikipedia® เป็นเครื่องหมายการค้าจดทะเบียนของ<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org">มูลนิธิวิกิมีเดีย</a> องค์กรไม่แสวงผลกำไร</div> <div class="noprint"><br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="วิกิพีเดีย:ติดต่อ">ติดต่อเรา</a></div></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">นโยบายความเป็นส่วนตัว</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A">เกี่ยวกับวิกิพีเดีย</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A">ข้อปฏิเสธความรับผิดชอบ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">จรรยาบรรณ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">ผู้พัฒนา</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/th.wikipedia.org">สถิติ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">นโยบายการใช้คุกกี้</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//th.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">มุมมองสำหรับอุปกรณ์เคลื่อนที่</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ค้นหา</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="พิเศษ:ค้นหา"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ค้นหา</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">บริติชราช</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>90 ภาษา</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>เพิ่มหัวข้อ</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-56d8db5f6f-8h5pg","wgBackendResponseTime":141,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.156","walltime":"1.322","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8247,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":327517,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":17881,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":230720,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1146.104 1 -total"," 41.11% 471.190 86 แม่แบบ:Citation"," 21.59% 247.444 1 แม่แบบ:รายการอ้างอิง"," 12.97% 148.692 5 แม่แบบ:Infobox"," 12.55% 143.841 1 แม่แบบ:Infobox_former_country"," 9.90% 113.507 2 แม่แบบ:Langx"," 5.86% 67.193 1 แม่แบบ:Harvnb"," 5.76% 66.024 1 แม่แบบ:จักรวรรดิ"," 5.54% 63.455 1 แม่แบบ:Navbox"," 4.62% 53.005 4 แม่แบบ:Sister_project"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.767","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":19347734,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAhmed2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndrews,_C.F.2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaker1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBandyopadhyay2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBayly1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBayly2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaylyHarper2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaylyHarper2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBose1916\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoseJalal2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoseJalal2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBowenManckeReid2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown,_Judith_M.Louis2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarrington2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChandavarkar1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChatterji1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChhabra2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCopland2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCopland2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDas1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavis2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDerbyshire1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllis2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEveraert2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFair2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFieldhouse1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilmartin2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlanville2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGopal1953\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGopal1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGould2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrove2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall-Matthews2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeadrick1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHirstZavros2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHyam2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFImperial_Gazetteer_of_India_vol._III1907\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFImperial_Gazetteer_of_India_vol._IV1909\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJalal1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJudd2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeith,_Arthur_Berriedale1912\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhan2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlein2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoomar2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKumarDesai1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLapidus2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLow1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLow2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLowe2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLudden2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMajor2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMajumdarRaychaudhuriDatta1950\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkovits2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarshall2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMetcalf1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMetcalf1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMetcalfMetcalf2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore2001a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNehru1946\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Dell2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOldenburg2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeers2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPorter2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPykett2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRai2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaja2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamusack2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobb2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoy2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalomone2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSarkar2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShaikh1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimmons1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpear1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStein2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStein2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteinback2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStern2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTalbotSingh1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTinker1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTirthankar2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTomlinson1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTomlinson1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVanderven2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVejdani2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWainwright1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitehead2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolpert2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolpert2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolpert2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2015\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 3,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 86,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 8,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 4,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox former country\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 2,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 2,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 2,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 3,\n [\"Refend\"] = 3,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikivoyage\"] = 1,\n [\"Wiktionary\"] = 1,\n [\"จักรวรรดิ\"] = 1,\n [\"รายการหมายเหตุ\"] = 1,\n [\"รายการอ้างอิง\"] = 1,\n [\"หลัก\"] = 1,\n [\"โครงประวัติศาสตร์\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-8677d595b5-8bhmc","timestamp":"20250213050255","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a","url":"https:\/\/th.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q129286","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q129286","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e23\u0e48\u0e27\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e27\u0e34\u0e01\u0e34\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-08-15T02:29:29Z","dateModified":"2024-11-08T19:41:06Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/36\/British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>