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class="vector-toc-link" href="#1958–1991"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>1958–1991</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1958–1991-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retrospectives_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retrospectives_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Retrospectives and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retrospectives_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Major works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Princess Fahrelnissa Zeid</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AE%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="فخر النساء زيد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فخر النساء زيد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eahzad%C9%99_Fahrelnis%C9%99_Zeyid" title="Şahzadə Fahrelnisə Zeyid – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şahzadə Fahrelnisə Zeyid" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D3%99%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Фәхрениса Зейд – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Фәхрениса Зейд" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrelnissa_Zeid" title="Fahrelnissa Zeid – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fahrelnissa Zeid" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrelnissa_Zeid" title="Fahrelnissa Zeid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Fahrelnissa Zeid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrelnissa_Zeid" title="Fahrelnissa Zeid – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fahrelnissa Zeid" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CF%87%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%AC_%CE%96%CE%B5%CE%90%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Φαχρελνισά Ζεΐντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φαχρελνισά Ζεΐντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4,_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Зейд, Фахрониса – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Зейд, Фахрониса" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrelnissa_Zeid" title="Fahrelnissa Zeid – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fahrelnissa Zeid" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrelnissa_Zeid" title="Fahrelnissa Zeid – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fahrelnissa Zeid" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="فخرالنساء زید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فخرالنساء زید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrelnissa_Zeid" title="Fahrelnissa Zeid – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fahrelnissa Zeid" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%90_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93" title="פחר אל-ניסא זייד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פחר אל-ניסא זייד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B4" title="Фахрониса Зејд – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фахрониса Зејд" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AE%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="فخر النساء زيد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فخر النساء زيد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrelnissa_Zeid" title="Fahrelnissa Zeid – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fahrelnissa Zeid" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrelnissa_Zeid" title="Fahrelnissa Zeid – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fahrelnissa Zeid" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrelnissa_Zeid" title="Fahrelnissa Zeid – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fahrelnissa Zeid" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4,_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Зейд, Фахрониса – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зейд, Фахрониса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D3%99%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D3%99_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Фәхренисә Зейд – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фәхренисә Зейд" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahr%C3%BCnnisa_Zeyd" title="Fahrünnisa Zeyd – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fahrünnisa Zeyd" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Фахроніса Зейд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фахроніса Зейд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrelnissa_Zeid" title="Fahrelnissa Zeid – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Fahrelnissa Zeid" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3064473#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Princess Fahrelnissa Zeid</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dd/Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid.jpg/220px-Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/dd/Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Fahrünissa Şakir<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1901-12-06</span>)</span>6 December 1901<br /><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCkada" title="Büyükada">Büyükada</a> island, Istanbul, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">5 September 1991<span style="display:none">(1991-09-05)</span> (aged 90)<br /><a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, Jordan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Izzet Melih Devrim</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1920; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1934)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Zeid_bin_Hussein" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Zeid bin Hussein">Prince Zeid bin Hussein</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1934; died 1970)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Faruk Devrim</li> <li>Nejad Devrim</li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eirin_Devrim" class="extiw" title="tr:Şirin Devrim">Şirin Devrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ra%27ad_bin_Zeid" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Ra'ad bin Zeid">Prince Ra'ad bin Zeid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data">Şakir Pasha</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data">Sara İsmet Hanım</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Painting, <a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">collage</a>, sculpture</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Princess Fahrelnissa Zeid</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">فخر النساء زيد</span>, <i>Fakhr un-nisa</i> or <i>Fahr-El-Nissa</i>, born <b>Fahrünissa Şakir</b>; 6 December 1901 – 5 September 1991) was a Turkish artist best known for her large-scale <a href="/wiki/Abstract_paintings" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract paintings">abstract paintings</a> with kaleidoscopic patterns as well as her drawings, <a href="/wiki/Lithographs" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithographs">lithographs</a>, and sculptures. Zeid was one of the first women to go to art school in Istanbul.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She lived in different cities and became part of the avant-garde scenes in 1940s Istanbul, and post-war Paris, there becoming part of the new <a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a>. Her work has been exhibited at various institutions in Paris, New York, and London, including the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Contemporary_Arts" title="Institute of Contemporary Arts">Institute of Contemporary Art</a> in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1970s, she moved to Amman, Jordan, where she established an art school. In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a> in London organised a major retrospective and called her "one of the greatest female artists of the 20th century".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her largest work to be sold at auction, <i>Towards a Sky</i> (1953), went for just under one million pounds in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her record is the USD 2,741,000 sale of her Break of the Atom and Vegetal Life (1962) in 2013 by Christies. </p><p>In 1920, Şakir married Izzet Devrim, with whom she had three children: Faruk, Nejad, and Şirin. Şakir divorced Devrim in 1934. The same year, she married <a href="/wiki/Prince_Zeid_bin_Hussein" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Zeid bin Hussein">Prince Zeid bin Hussein</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Hashemite" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashemite">Hashemite</a> royal family of Iraq. They were the parents of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Ra%27ad_bin_Zeid" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Ra'ad bin Zeid">Prince Ra'ad bin Zeid</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fahrunnisa_Sakir_family_1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Fahrunnisa_Sakir_family_1910.jpg/220px-Fahrunnisa_Sakir_family_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Fahrunnisa_Sakir_family_1910.jpg/330px-Fahrunnisa_Sakir_family_1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Fahrunnisa_Sakir_family_1910.jpg/440px-Fahrunnisa_Sakir_family_1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="1079" /></a><figcaption>Fahrünissa Şakir (seated on the left) with her family, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCkada" title="Büyükada">Büyükada</a> (c. 1910)</figcaption></figure> <p>Fahrünissa Şakir was born in 1901 into the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> Şakır family on the island of <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCkada" title="Büyükada">Büyükada</a> in Istanbul. Her uncle <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Cevad_Pasha" title="Ahmed Cevad Pasha">Ahmed Javad Pasha</a> served as the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Vizier" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Vizier">Grand Vizier</a> of the Ottoman Empire from 1891 to 1895 and another uncle, <a href="/wiki/Cevat_%C3%87obanl%C4%B1" title="Cevat Çobanlı">Cevat Çobanlı</a>, was a <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> hero. Fahrünissa's father, Şakir Pasha, was appointed ambassador to Greece, where he met her mother, Sara İsmet Hanım.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1913, her father was fatally shot and her brother, <a href="/wiki/Cevat_%C5%9Eakir_Kabaa%C4%9Fa%C3%A7l%C4%B1" title="Cevat Şakir Kabaağaçlı">Cevat Şakir Kabaağaçlı</a>, was tried and convicted of his murder. </p><p>Şakir began drawing and painting at a young age. Her earliest known surviving work is a portrait of her grandmother, painted when she was 14.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1919, she enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts for Women in Istanbul. </p><p>In 1920 at the age of nineteen, Şakir married the novelist İzzet Melih Devrim.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For their honeymoon, Devrim took Şakir to Venice where she was exposed to <a href="/wiki/European_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="European painting">European painting</a> traditions for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had three children together. Her eldest son, Faruk (born 1921), died of <a href="/wiki/Scarlet_fever" title="Scarlet fever">scarlet fever</a> in 1924. Her son <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.galerinevistanbul.com/artists/46-nejad-devrim/biography/">Nejad Devrim</a> (born 1923) went on to become a painter, and her daughter <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eirin_Devrim" class="extiw" title="tr:Şirin Devrim">Şirin Devrim</a> (born 1926) became an actress. </p><p>Şakir travelled to Paris in 1928 and enrolled at the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_Ranson" title="Académie Ranson">Académie Ranson</a>, where she studied under the painter <a href="/wiki/Roger_Bissi%C3%A8re" title="Roger Bissière">Roger Bissière</a>. Upon her return to Istanbul in 1929, she abandoned her academic figurative practice and turned towards expressionist figurativism, and enrolled at the Istanbul Academy of Fine Arts.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Şakir's brother Cevat, better known as the Fisherman of Halicarnassus, was a novelist. Under her tutelage, her sister <a href="/wiki/Aliye_Berger" title="Aliye Berger">Aliye Berger</a> became a major modernist painter<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and engraver, while her niece <a href="/wiki/Fureya_Koral" class="mw-redirect" title="Fureya Koral">Fureya Koral</a> became a pioneering ceramic artist. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid_family_1937.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid_family_1937.jpg/220px-Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid_family_1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid_family_1937.jpg/330px-Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid_family_1937.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid_family_1937.jpg/440px-Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid_family_1937.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>Princess Fahrelnissa Zeid with her children Shirin and <a href="/wiki/Ra%27ad_bin_Zeid" title="Ra'ad bin Zeid">Raad</a>, Berlin (1937)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Zeid_Al-Hussein_family_1938.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Prince_Zeid_Al-Hussein_family_1938.jpg/220px-Prince_Zeid_Al-Hussein_family_1938.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Prince_Zeid_Al-Hussein_family_1938.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="312" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>Fahrelnissa with her husband <a href="/wiki/Prince_Zeid_bin_Hussein" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Zeid bin Hussein">Prince Zeid bin Hussein</a>, daughter Shirin, and son Raad, Baghdad (1938)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1930–1944"><span id="1930.E2.80.931944"></span>1930–1944</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1930–1944"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Şakir divorced Devrim in 1934, and married <a href="/wiki/Prince_Zeid_bin_Hussein" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Zeid bin Hussein">Prince Zeid bin Hussein</a> of Iraq, who was appointed the first Ambassador of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Kingdom of Iraq</a> to Germany in 1935. The couple moved to Berlin where Fahrelnissa hosted many social events in her role as an ambassador's wife. After the annexation of Austria in March 1938, Prince Zeid and his family were recalled to Iraq, taking up residence in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>. </p><p>Fahrelnissa Zeid became depressed in Baghdad and on the advice of Viennese doctor <a href="/wiki/Hans_Hoff_(psychiatrist)" title="Hans Hoff (psychiatrist)">Hans Hoff</a> returned to Paris after a short time.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She spent the next years of her life traveling between Paris, Budapest, and Istanbul, attempting to immerse herself in painting and recover.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1941, she was back in Istanbul and focusing on her painting. </p><p>Zeid became involved with the <a href="/wiki/D_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="D Group">D Group</a> of Istanbul, an <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> group of painters working in the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although her association with the group was short-lived, working with the D Group from 1944 gave Zeid the confidence to begin exhibiting on her own.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1945–1957"><span id="1945.E2.80.931957"></span>1945–1957</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1945–1957"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1945, Zeid cleared out the parlour rooms of her apartment in <a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%A7ka,_Istanbul" title="Maçka, Istanbul">Maçka, Istanbul</a>, and held her first solo exhibition.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1946, after two more solo exhibitions in <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a> in 1945 and in Istanbul in 1946, Zeid relocated to London where Prince Zeid Al-Hussein became the first Ambassador of the Kingdom of Iraq to the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_St_James%27s" title="Court of St James's">Court of St James's</a>. Zeid continued to paint, turning a room in the Iraqi Embassy into her studio.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1947, Zeid's practice became more complex and her work transitioned from <a href="/wiki/Figurative_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Figurative painting">figurative painting</a> to abstraction. She was influenced by the abstract styles coming out of Paris in the post-war period. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Queen Elizabeth</a> visited Zeid's exhibition at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_George%27s_Gallery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint George's Gallery (page does not exist)">Saint George's Gallery</a> in London in 1948. Art critic <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Collis" title="Maurice Collis">Maurice Collis</a> reviewed that exhibition, and he and Zeid became friends. The prominent French art critic and curator <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Estienne_(critique)" class="extiw" title="fr:Charles Estienne (critique)">Charles Estienne</a> became a major supporter of Zeid's work. She was part of the founding exhibition of the Nouvelle Ecole de Paris organised by Estienne in 1952 at the Galerie Babylone. </p><p>Over the next decade, living between London and Paris, Zeid created some of her strongest works, experimenting with monumental abstract canvases that immerse the viewer in kaleidoscopic universes through their heavy use of line and vibrant colour.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zeid exhibited at Galerie Dina Vierny in 1953, showing her most recent abstract works such as <i>The Octopus of Triton</i>, and <i>Sargasso Sea</i>. The exhibition travelled to the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Contemporary_Arts" title="Institute of Contemporary Arts">Institute of Contemporary Arts</a> in London in 1954, making her the first woman of any nationality to exhibit at the modernist showcase. At the height of her career, she became friends with a group of international artists such as <a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Atlan" title="Jean-Michel Atlan">Jean-Michel Atlan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dubuffet" title="Jean Dubuffet">Jean Dubuffet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serge_Poliakoff" title="Serge Poliakoff">Serge Poliakoff</a>, who experimented with gestural abstraction.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fahrelnissa Zeid also exhibited frequently alongside other members of the Nouvelle Ecole de Paris in small group exhibitions, as well as exhibiting at the Salon des Realites Nouvelles <a href="/wiki/Salon_des_R%C3%A9alit%C3%A9s_Nouvelles" title="Salon des Réalités Nouvelles">Salon des Réalités Nouvelles</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1958–1991"><span id="1958.E2.80.931991"></span>1958–1991</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1958–1991"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1958, Zeid persuaded her husband not to return to Baghdad as acting <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> as he usually did while his great-nephew <a href="/wiki/King_Faisal_II" class="mw-redirect" title="King Faisal II">King Faisal II</a> took a vacation. The couple went to their new holiday home on the island of <a href="/wiki/Ischia" title="Ischia">Ischia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Naples" title="Gulf of Naples">Gulf of Naples</a>. On 14 July 1958 there was <a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">a military coup in Iraq</a> and the entire royal family was assassinated. Prince Zeid and his family narrowly escaped death, and they were given only 24 hours to vacate the Iraqi Embassy in London.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coup halted Zeid's career as a painter and hostess in London. </p><p>Zeid and her family moved into an apartment in Paris and at the age of fifty-seven, she cooked her first meal.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The experience prompted her to begin painting on chicken bones, later creating sculptures from the bones cast in resin, called <i>paléokrystalos</i>. The 1960s were a period of both renewal and looking back for Zeid. She immersed herself in renewing her portrait practice alongside her abstract work. At the same time, she had two large-scale homecoming retrospectives in Turkey in 1964, in Istanbul and Ankara. She prepared for a large exhibition in Paris in the late 1960 after meeting <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Malraux" title="André Malraux">André Malraux</a> but it never happened after the dismissal by Malraux of <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Jaujard" title="Jacques Jaujard">Jacques Jaujard</a> who coordinated with her, and the subsequent May 1968 <a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 68</a> events. Still Zeid continued exhibiting in Paris through 1972. </p><p>In the 1960s Zeid's youngest son, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Ra%27ad_bin_Zeid" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Ra'ad bin Zeid">Prince Raad</a>, married and moved to <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, Jordan. In 1970, Prince Zeid died in Paris and Fahrelnissa Zeid moved to join her son in Amman in 1975. She founded The Royal National Jordanian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_Fahrelnissa_Zeid_of_Fine_Arts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute Fahrelnissa Zeid of Fine Arts (page does not exist)">Institute Fahrelnissa Zeid of Fine Arts</a> in 1976, and for the next fifteen years until her death in 1991 taught and mentored a group of young women.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retrospectives_and_legacy">Retrospectives and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Retrospectives and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Museum_Ludwig" title="Museum Ludwig">Museum Ludwig</a> held Zeid's first retrospective in the west in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2012, <a href="/wiki/Bonhams" title="Bonhams">Bonhams</a> auctioned a number of Zeid's paintings for a total of £2,021,838, setting a world record for the artist.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, Tate Modern in London organised a major retrospective of Fahrelnissa Zeid.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to an article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, the exhibition aimed to lift the artist "out of obscurity to ensure that she does not become yet another female artist forgotten by history."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central gallery of the exhibition hosted large-scale, abstract paintings of Zeid from the late 1940s and 1950s including her five-meter work titled <i>My Hell</i> (1951). The last gallery was devoted to the portraits Zeid concentrated on in her last years in Amman, as well as resin sculptures.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All the works in the exhibition were loaned from international collections and Tate Modern acquired one of the paintings, <i>Untitled C</i>, "so she can now be part of our narrative," according to Tate Modern Director Frances Morris.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exhibition traveled to Deutsche Bank KunstHalle in late 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Istanbul Modern lent eight works to the retrospective exhibition and also organised the exhibition <i>Fahrelnissa Zeid</i> in spring 2017 with works from its collection, focusing on works created between the 1940s and 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Modern" title="Istanbul Modern">Istanbul Modern</a> director Levent Çalıkoğlu stated, "The belated interest of Western museums and art community in Zeid’s works. . . is restoring the value she deserves."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019 Zeid was commemorated with a <i>Google Doodle</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zeid's work was included in the 2021 exhibition <i><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Abstraction" title="Women in Abstraction">Women in Abstraction</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Pompidou" title="Centre Pompidou">Centre Pompidou</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Women_in_abstraction_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Women_in_abstraction-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In her lifetime and even after her death, Zeid’s work was beset by orientalist assessments that she fused Islamic and byzantine influences with modernism. The 2017 exhibitions. which strove to place her within the narratives of the transnational abstract practices of mid-twentieth century art, were criticised for their ‘Eurocentric’ framing. The concurrent publication of the artist’s biography <i>Fahrelnissa Zeid: Painter of Inner Worlds</i>, written by <a href="/wiki/Adila_La%C3%AFdi-Hanieh" title="Adila Laïdi-Hanieh">Adila Laïdi-Hanieh</a>, a former student of Zeid's, was seen as upsetting those narratives that explained her art from an ‘Orientalist’ perspective in a way that quite disengaged from the artist herself.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zeid often expressed her modernist sensibilities. Her inclinations were towards a more universalist, elemental vision of art-making. In 1952 she told the art critic <a href="/wiki/Julien_Alvard" title="Julien Alvard">Julien Alvard</a> that:” I am a means to an end. I transpose the cosmic, magnetic vibrations that rule us… I am not a pole, a centre, a myself, a somebody. I act as a channel for that which should and can be transposed by me … painting is for me, flow, movement, speed, encounters, departures, enlargement that knows no limits." </p><p>Adila Laïdi-Hanieh's <i>Fahrelnissa Zeid: Painter of Inner Worlds</i> offers a revisionist and definitive account of both her life and career, and emphasises the importance of her immersion in European culture and her shifting mental state on her artistic vision and constantly renewing bold practice. It redefines Fahrelnissa Zeid as one of the most important modernists of the twentieth century.<sup id="cite_ref-ARTBOOK_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARTBOOK-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zeid's colourful family life is described in her daughter Shirin Devrim's book, <i>A Turkish Tapestry: The Shakirs of Istanbul</i>, published in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-Devrim_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Devrim-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_works">Major works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Major works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Fight Against Abstraction</i>, 1947</li> <li><i>Resolved Problems</i>, 1948</li> <li><i>My Hell</i>, 1951</li> <li><i>Towards a Sky</i>, 1953</li> <li><i>Someone from the Past</i>, 1980</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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.id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 Nov</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vox.com&rft.atitle=Why+is+art+so+expensive%3F&rft.date=2018-10-31&rft.aulast=Del+Valle&rft.aufirst=Gaby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fthe-goods%2F2018%2F10%2F31%2F18048340%2Fart-market-expensive-ai-painting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sothebys.com/de/auctions/ecatalogue/2017/20th-century-art-middle-east-l17228/lot.15.html">Sotheby's - Fahrelnissa Zeid, Towards a Sky</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSotheby's2017" class="citation web cs1">Sotheby's (April 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/the-painting-that-was-too-big-for-londons-ica">"The Painting That Was Too Big for London's ICA"</a>. <i>sothebys.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sothebys.com&rft.atitle=The+Painting+That+Was+Too+Big+for+London%27s+ICA&rft.date=2017-04-19&rft.au=Sotheby%27s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sothebys.com%2Fen%2Farticles%2Fthe-painting-that-was-too-big-for-londons-ica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevrim1996" class="citation book cs1">Devrim, Şirin (1996). <i>A Turkish Tapestry: The Shakirs of Istanbul</i>. London: Quartet. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0704380358" title="Special:BookSources/0704380358"><bdi>0704380358</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Turkish+Tapestry%3A+The+Shakirs+of+Istanbul&rft.place=London&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Quartet&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0704380358&rft.aulast=Devrim&rft.aufirst=%C5%9Eirin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg2017" class="citation book cs1">Greenberg, Kerryn (2017). "The Evolution of an Artist". In Greenberg, Kerryn (ed.). <i>Fahrelnissa Zeid</i>. London: Tate Publishing. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849764568" title="Special:BookSources/9781849764568"><bdi>9781849764568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+an+Artist&rft.btitle=Fahrelnissa+Zeid&rft.place=London&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Tate+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781849764568&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Kerryn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevrim1996" class="citation book cs1">Devrim, Şirin (1996). <i>A Turkish Tapestry: The Shakirs of Istanbul</i>. London: Quartet. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0704380358" title="Special:BookSources/0704380358"><bdi>0704380358</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Turkish+Tapestry%3A+The+Shakirs+of+Istanbul&rft.place=London&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Quartet&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0704380358&rft.aulast=Devrim&rft.aufirst=%C5%9Eirin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg2017" class="citation book cs1">Greenberg, Kerryn (2017). "The Evolution of an Artist". In Greenberg, Kerryn (ed.). <i>Fahrelnissa Zeid</i>. London: Tate Publishing. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849764568" title="Special:BookSources/9781849764568"><bdi>9781849764568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+an+Artist&rft.btitle=Fahrelnissa+Zeid&rft.place=London&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Tate+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781849764568&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Kerryn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg2017" class="citation book cs1">Greenberg, Kerryn (2017). "The Evolution of an Artist". In Greenberg, Kerryn (ed.). <i>Fahrelnissa Zeid</i>. London: Tate Publishing. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849764568" title="Special:BookSources/9781849764568"><bdi>9781849764568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+an+Artist&rft.btitle=Fahrelnissa+Zeid&rft.place=London&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Tate+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781849764568&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Kerryn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailysabah.com/arts-culture/2017/06/03/istanbul-modern-displays-vivid-colorful-art-by-fahrelnissa-zeid">"Istanbul Modern displays vivid, colorful art by Fahrelnissa Zeid"</a>. <i>DailySabah</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DailySabah&rft.atitle=Istanbul+Modern+displays+vivid%2C+colorful+art+by+Fahrelnissa+Zeid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Farts-culture%2F2017%2F06%2F03%2Fistanbul-modern-displays-vivid-colorful-art-by-fahrelnissa-zeid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevrim1996" class="citation book cs1">Devrim, Şirin (1996). <i>A Turkish Tapestry: The Shakirs of Istanbul</i>. London: Quartet. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0704380358" title="Special:BookSources/0704380358"><bdi>0704380358</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Turkish+Tapestry%3A+The+Shakirs+of+Istanbul&rft.place=London&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Quartet&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0704380358&rft.aulast=Devrim&rft.aufirst=%C5%9Eirin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg2017" class="citation book cs1">Greenberg, Kerryn (2017). "The Evolution of an Artist". In Greenberg, Kerryn (ed.). <i>Fahrelnissa Zeid</i>. London: Tate Publishing. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849764568" title="Special:BookSources/9781849764568"><bdi>9781849764568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+an+Artist&rft.btitle=Fahrelnissa+Zeid&rft.place=London&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Tate+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781849764568&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Kerryn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg2017" class="citation book cs1">Greenberg, Kerryn (2017). "The Evolution of an Artist". In Greenberg, Kerryn (ed.). <i>Fahrelnissa Zeid</i>. London: Tate Publishing. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849764568" title="Special:BookSources/9781849764568"><bdi>9781849764568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+an+Artist&rft.btitle=Fahrelnissa+Zeid&rft.place=London&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Tate+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781849764568&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Kerryn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg2017" class="citation book cs1">Greenberg, Kerryn (2017). "The Evolution of an Artist". In Greenberg, Kerryn (ed.). <i>Fahrelnissa Zeid</i>. London: Tate Publishing. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849764568" title="Special:BookSources/9781849764568"><bdi>9781849764568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+an+Artist&rft.btitle=Fahrelnissa+Zeid&rft.place=London&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Tate+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781849764568&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Kerryn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevrim1996" class="citation book cs1">Devrim, Şirin (1996). <i>A Turkish Tapestry: The Shakirs of Istanbul</i>. London: Quartet. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0704380358" title="Special:BookSources/0704380358"><bdi>0704380358</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Turkish+Tapestry%3A+The+Shakirs+of+Istanbul&rft.place=London&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Quartet&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0704380358&rft.aulast=Devrim&rft.aufirst=%C5%9Eirin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg2017" class="citation book cs1">Greenberg, Kerryn (2017). "The Evolution of an Artist". In Greenberg, Kerryn (ed.). <i>Fahrelnissa Zeid</i>. London: Tate Publishing. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849764568" title="Special:BookSources/9781849764568"><bdi>9781849764568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+an+Artist&rft.btitle=Fahrelnissa+Zeid&rft.place=London&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Tate+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781849764568&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Kerryn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTate" class="citation news cs1">Tate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/zeid-untitled-t14415">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Untitled', Fahrelnissa Zeid, c.1950s | Tate"</a>. <i>Tate</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tate&rft.atitle=%27Untitled%27%2C+Fahrelnissa+Zeid%2C+c.1950s+%7C+Tate&rft.au=Tate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tate.org.uk%2Fart%2Fartworks%2Fzeid-untitled-t14415&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevrim1996" class="citation book cs1">Devrim, Şirin (1996). <i>A Turkish Tapestry: The Shakirs of Istanbul</i>. London: Quartet. p. 210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0704380358" title="Special:BookSources/0704380358"><bdi>0704380358</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Turkish+Tapestry%3A+The+Shakirs+of+Istanbul&rft.place=London&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Quartet&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0704380358&rft.aulast=Devrim&rft.aufirst=%C5%9Eirin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaïdi-Hanieh2017" class="citation book cs1">Laïdi-Hanieh, Adila (2017). "The Late Style". In Greenberg, Kerryn (ed.). <i>Fahrelnissa Zeid</i>. London: Tate Publishing. p. 131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849764568" title="Special:BookSources/9781849764568"><bdi>9781849764568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Late+Style&rft.btitle=Fahrelnissa+Zeid&rft.place=London&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Tate+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781849764568&rft.aulast=La%C3%AFdi-Hanieh&rft.aufirst=Adila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180316084828/http://www.kulturnews.de/fahrelnissa-zeid-deutsche-bank-kunsthalle-berlin/">"Fahrelnissa Zeid: Deutsche Bank Kunsthalle, Berlin - kulturnews.de"</a> (in German). 2017-10-25. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kulturnews.de/fahrelnissa-zeid-deutsche-bank-kunsthalle-berlin/">the original</a> on 2018-03-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fahrelnissa+Zeid%3A+Deutsche+Bank+Kunsthalle%2C+Berlin+-+kulturnews.de&rft.date=2017-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kulturnews.de%2Ffahrelnissa-zeid-deutsche-bank-kunsthalle-berlin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bonhams.com/press_release/11462/">"Bonhams sets new world record for Turkish Artist Fahrelnissa Zeid"</a>. Bonhams. October 2, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bonhams+sets+new+world+record+for+Turkish+Artist+Fahrelnissa+Zeid&rft.pub=Bonhams&rft.date=2012-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bonhams.com%2Fpress_release%2F11462%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpence2017" class="citation web cs1">Spence, Rachel (2017-06-28). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/ca4d57b8-5be8-11e7-b553-e2df1b0c3220">"Fahrelnissa Zeid, Tate Modern, London — journey into abstraction"</a></span>. <i>Financial Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Fahrelnissa+Zeid+at+Istanbul+Modern&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Ffahrelnissa-zeid-at-istanbul-modern-113847&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doodles.google/doodle/fahrelnissa-zeids-118th-birthday/">"Fahrelnissa Zeid's 118th Birthday"</a>. <i>Google</i>. 7 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google&rft.atitle=Fahrelnissa+Zeid%27s+118th+Birthday&rft.date=2019-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoodles.google%2Fdoodle%2Ffahrelnissa-zeids-118th-birthday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Women_in_abstraction-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Women_in_abstraction_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Women in abstraction</i>. London : New York, New York: Thames & Hudson Ltd. ; Thames & Hudson Inc. 2021. p. 170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0500094372" title="Special:BookSources/978-0500094372"><bdi>978-0500094372</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+abstraction&rft.place=London+%3A+New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson+Ltd.+%3B+Thames+%26+Hudson+Inc&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0500094372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thirdtext.org/Ozpinar-Fahrelnissa-Zeid#fn2">"Özpınar, Ceren. "Why Not See Farther and Enlarge the Visual Orb': Revisiting Fahrelnissa Zeid"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Third Text</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Third+Text.&rft.atitle=%C3%96zp%C4%B1nar%2C+Ceren.+%22Why+Not+See+Farther+and+Enlarge+the+Visual+Orb%E2%80%99%3A+Revisiting+Fahrelnissa+Zeid%22.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thirdtext.org%2FOzpinar-Fahrelnissa-Zeid%23fn2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARTBOOK-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ARTBOOK_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artbook.com/9781908970312.html">"Fahrelnissa Zeid: Painter of Inner Worlds"</a>. <i>ARTBOOK</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ARTBOOK&rft.atitle=Fahrelnissa+Zeid%3A+Painter+of+Inner+Worlds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artbook.com%2F9781908970312.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Devrim-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Devrim_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevrim1994" class="citation book cs1">Devrim, Shirin (1994). <i>A Turkish tapestry: the Shakirs of Istanbul</i>. London: Quartet Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780704370630" title="Special:BookSources/9780704370630"><bdi>9780704370630</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Turkish+tapestry%3A+the+Shakirs+of+Istanbul&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Quartet+Books&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780704370630&rft.aulast=Devrim&rft.aufirst=Shirin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincess+Fahrelnissa+Zeid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Becker, Wolfgang. <i>Fahr-El-Nissa Zeid: zwischen Orient und Okzident, Gemälde und Zeichnungen</i>. New York: Neue Galerie, 1990.</li> <li>Greenberg, Kerryn, ed. <i>Fahrelnissa Zeid</i>. London: Tate Publishing, 2017.</li> <li>Laïdi-Hanieh, Adila. <i>Fahrelnissa Zeid: Painter of Inner Worlds</i>. London: Art / Books, 2017.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-908970-31-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-908970-31-2">978-1-908970-31-2</a>.</li> <li>Laïdi-Hanieh, Adila. <i>Fahrelnissa Zeid’s Amman Portraiture: Rituals of Friendship and Reinvention</i>. Bonham’s Modern & Contemporary Middle Eastern Art. November 2018. (2017)</li> <li>Parinaud, André and Shoman, Suha. Fahrelnissa Zeid. Amman: Royal National Jordanian Institute Fahrelnissa Zeid of Fine Arts, 1984.</li> <li>Zaid, Fahrelnissa. Fahrelnissa Zeid: portraits et peintures abstraites. Paris: Galerie Granoff, 1972.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Princess_Fahrelnissa_Zeid" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Princess Fahrelnissa Zeid">Princess Fahrelnissa Zeid</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/search/actor:zeid-fahrelnissa-19011991">1 artwork by or after Princess Fahrelnissa Zeid</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Art_UK" title="Art UK">Art UK</a> site</li> <li>Laïdi-Hanieh, Adila (2021). <i>Fahrelnisaa Zeid 1901-1991.</i> BarjeelFoundation.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.barjeelartfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Barjeel-essay-Fahrelnissa-V3.pdf">[1]</a></li> <li>Fahrelnissa Zeid at the AWARE: Archives of Women Artists, Research and Exhibitions <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://awarewomenartists.com/en/artiste/fahrelnissa-zeid/">[2]</a></li> <li>Awwad, Salma (2013.10.30). “$2.7m artwork breaks world record for female Mideast artist.” Arabian Business. Retrieved 2021-01-16</li> <li>Devrim, Şirin (1996). A Turkish Tapestry: The Shakirs of Istanbul. London: Quartet.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0704380358" title="Special:BookSources/0704380358">0704380358</a>.</li> <li>Harambourg, Lydia. “Les années 50 à Paris 1945/1965” Applicat-Prazan.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.applicat-prazan.com/fr/les-annees-50-aparis/#:~:text=Le%20terme%20%C2%AB%20Nouvelle%20%C3%89cole%20de,xxe%20si%C3%A8cle%20et%20la">[3]</a></li> <li>Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (2017-06-12). "Fahrelnissa Zeid: Tate Modern resurrects artist forgotten by history". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-03-12.</li> <li>Oikonomopoulos, Vassilis (2017). "Multiple Dimensions of a Cosmopolitan Modernist". In Greenberg, Kerryn (ed.). Fahrelnissa Zeid. London: Tate Publishing. pp. 45–46. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849764568" title="Special:BookSources/9781849764568">9781849764568</a>.</li> <li>Kayabali, Yaman. “Fahrelnissa Zeid and the Problem of Eurocentrism in Art History’ “ Muftah. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://muftah.org/fahrelnissa-zeid-problem-eurocentrism-art-history/#.YDpcTGgzY2x">https://muftah.org/fahrelnissa-zeid-problem-eurocentrism-art-history/#.YDpcTGgzY2x</a>)</li> <li>Özpınar, Ceren. “Why Not See Farther and Enlarge the Visual Orb’: Revisiting Fahrelnissa Zeid”. Third Text. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.thirdtext.org/Ozpinar-Fahrelnissa-Zeid#fn2">[4]</a></li> <li>Roditi, Edouard. Dialogues on Art. London, Martin Secker & Warburg, 1960. P.196. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780915520213" title="Special:BookSources/9780915520213">9780915520213</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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