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Search results for: telecommunication systems

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9471</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: telecommunication systems</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9471</span> Software Quality Measurement System for Telecommunication Industry in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nor%20Fazlina%20Iryani%20Abdul%20Hamid">Nor Fazlina Iryani Abdul Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Khatim%20Hasan"> Mohamad Khatim Hasan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Evolution of software quality measurement has been started since McCall introduced his quality model in year 1977. Starting from there, several software quality models and software quality measurement methods had emerged but none of them focused on telecommunication industry. In this paper, the implementation of software quality measurement system for telecommunication industry was compulsory to accommodate the rapid growth of telecommunication industry. The quality value of the telecommunication related software could be calculated using this system by entering the required parameters. The system would calculate the quality value of the measured system based on predefined quality metrics and aggregated by referring to the quality model. It would classify the quality level of the software based on Net Satisfaction Index (NSI). Thus, software quality measurement system was important to both developers and users in order to produce high quality software product for telecommunication industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20quality" title="software quality">software quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20measurement" title=" quality measurement"> quality measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20model" title=" quality model"> quality model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20metric" title=" quality metric"> quality metric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=net%20satisfaction%20index" title=" net satisfaction index"> net satisfaction index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15875/software-quality-measurement-system-for-telecommunication-industry-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">592</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9470</span> Exploratory Research on Outsourcing Practices and Benefits on Telecommunication Industry in Oman</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alyamama%20Alsaidi">Alyamama Alsaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research has been conducted in order to analyse the impact of outsourcing on telecommunication industry in Oman. The research is conducted by collecting qualitative and quantitative data in order to widen the area of comprehension. The data has been collected from genuine sources which showcased that results were reliable and possess validity. The outsourcing is very important because it helps the organisation in saving the cost and efforts of the workers. In Oman, the telecommunication industry largely uses the outsourcing service which is provided by the third party. The third party is responsible for providing outsourcing to the telecommunication companies. This research gives an overall view of the outsourcing in the telecommunication companies of Oman. The IT companies of Oman give their work to the outsourcing services as this will help in reducing the cost the project. Rather employing the experts to do the projects, the organization can easily give their products to the outsourcing services in which they complete the work for a cheaper rate for the telecommunication company of Oman. It will help in reducing the work load on the staffs and management of the telecommunication companies in Oman. The IT outsourcing in Oman is very common because some of the staff are not well experienced to do the IT work. The outsourcing has positive as well as negative impact on the telecommunication industry in Oman. The research has been done while considering ethical aspect in an effective and efficient manner. Furthermore, the literature is adequately reviewed so that views of various specialists can be considered for future guidance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IT%20outsourcing" title="IT outsourcing">IT outsourcing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=client%20company" title=" client company"> client company</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=services%20company" title=" services company"> services company</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunication" title=" telecommunication"> telecommunication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79974/exploratory-research-on-outsourcing-practices-and-benefits-on-telecommunication-industry-in-oman" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9469</span> Simulation and Optimization of Hybrid Energy System Autonomous PV-Diesel-Wind Power with Battery Storage for Relay Antenna Telecommunication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahri%20Toufik">Tahri Toufik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouchachia%20Mohamed"> Bouchachia Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Braikia%20Oussama"> Braikia Oussama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this work is the design and optimization of a hybrid PV-Diesel-Wind power system with storage in order to power a relay antenna telecommunication isolated in Chlef region. The aim of the simulation of this hybrid system by the HOMER software is to determine the size and the number of each element of the system and to determine the optimal technical and economic configuration using monthly average values per year for a fixed charge antenna relay telecommunication of 22kWh/d. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HOMER" title="HOMER">HOMER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid" title=" hybrid"> hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV-diesel-wind%20system" title=" PV-diesel-wind system"> PV-diesel-wind system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20antenna%20telecommunication" title=" relay antenna telecommunication"> relay antenna telecommunication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15856/simulation-and-optimization-of-hybrid-energy-system-autonomous-pv-diesel-wind-power-with-battery-storage-for-relay-antenna-telecommunication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9468</span> The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Brand Equity of the Telecommunication Industry in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keitumetse%20Gaesirwe">Keitumetse Gaesirwe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on brand equity. Specific objectives include examining the connections between ethics and philanthropic constructs of CSR and brand loyalty in the telecommunication industry in South Africa. A convenience sampling technique was used, and closed-ended questionnaires were administered to 800 research participants across the nine provinces of South Africa. Data collected from the field was analyzed using inferential statistics (Ordinary Least Squares regression and correlation analysis) as well as descriptive statistics. Findings show positive and significant connections between the constructs of CSR and brand loyalty. The implications of the findings indicate that keeping ethical and philanthropy standards can be a source of competitive advantage and guarantee brand loyalty for telecommunication companies in South Africa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CSR" title="CSR">CSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brand%20awareness" title=" brand awareness"> brand awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunication%20industry" title=" telecommunication industry"> telecommunication industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Africa" title=" South Africa"> South Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157884/the-impact-of-corporate-social-responsibility-on-brand-equity-of-the-telecommunication-industry-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157884.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9467</span> Assessment the Quality of Telecommunication Services by Fuzzy Inferences System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oktay%20Nusratov">Oktay Nusratov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramin%20Rzaev"> Ramin Rzaev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aydin%20Goyushov"> Aydin Goyushov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fuzzy inference method based approach to the forming of modular intellectual system of assessment the quality of communication services is proposed. Developed under this approach the basic fuzzy estimation model takes into account the recommendations of the International Telecommunication Union in respect of the operation of packet switching networks based on IP-protocol. To implement the main features and functions of the fuzzy control system of quality telecommunication services it is used multilayer feedforward neural network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20communication" title="quality of communication">quality of communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IP-telephony" title=" IP-telephony"> IP-telephony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20set" title=" fuzzy set"> fuzzy set</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20implication" title=" fuzzy implication"> fuzzy implication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15543/assessment-the-quality-of-telecommunication-services-by-fuzzy-inferences-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">471</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9466</span> How Does Ethics Impact Marketing Decision Making of a Company: An Evidence from the Telecommunication Sector of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Daud%20Ali">Mohammad Daud Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For the past decade, marketing ethics has been a central point for academic researchers and practitioners. In particular, the development of frameworks and models to help in the analysis of marketing decisions are the focus of research. The current study aims at finding whether ethical decisions (honesty, fairness, responsibility, and respect) affect organizational marketing decisions. A selection of 250 respondents was purposely made from the telecommunication industry of Pakistan, out of which 204 responses were induced at an acceptable rate of 81.6%. A five-point Likert Scale, itemized with 12 items, was adopted from Taylor-Dunlop & Lester (2000) and used to draw responses regarding ethics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title="marketing">marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethics" title=" ethics"> ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decisions%20making" title=" decisions making"> decisions making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunication" title=" telecommunication"> telecommunication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156260/how-does-ethics-impact-marketing-decision-making-of-a-company-an-evidence-from-the-telecommunication-sector-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156260.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9465</span> Mining Big Data in Telecommunications Industry: Challenges, Techniques, and Revenue Opportunity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoda%20A.%20Abdel%20Hafez">Hoda A. Abdel Hafez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mining big data represents a big challenge nowadays. Many types of research are concerned with mining massive amounts of data and big data streams. Mining big data faces a lot of challenges including scalability, speed, heterogeneity, accuracy, provenance and privacy. In telecommunication industry, mining big data is like a mining for gold; it represents a big opportunity and maximizing the revenue streams in this industry. This paper discusses the characteristics of big data (volume, variety, velocity and veracity), data mining techniques and tools for handling very large data sets, mining big data in telecommunication and the benefits and opportunities gained from them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining%20big%20data" title="mining big data">mining big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title=" big data"> big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunication" title=" telecommunication"> telecommunication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41412/mining-big-data-in-telecommunications-industry-challenges-techniques-and-revenue-opportunity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9464</span> Intermittent Demand Forecast in Telecommunication Service Provider by Using Artificial Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Widyani%20Fatwa%20Dewi">Widyani Fatwa Dewi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subroto%20Athor"> Subroto Athor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a telecommunication service provider, quantity and interval of customer demand often difficult to predict due to high dependency on customer expansion strategy and technological development. Demand arrives when a customer needs to add capacity to an existing site or build a network in a new site. Because demand is uncertain for each period, and sometimes there is a null demand for several equipments, it is categorized as intermittent. This research aims to improve demand forecast quality in Indonesia's telecommunication service providers by using Artificial Neural Network. In Artificial Neural Network, the pattern or relationship within data will be analyzed using the training process, followed by the learning process as validation stage. Historical demand data for 36 periods is used to support this research. It is found that demand forecast by using Artificial Neural Network outperforms the existing method if it is reviewed on two criteria: the forecast accuracy, using Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean of the sum of the Squares of the Forecasting Error (MSE), Mean Error (ME) and service level which is shown through inventory cost. This research is expected to increase the reference for a telecommunication demand forecast, which is currently still limited. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title="artificial neural network">artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20forecast" title=" demand forecast"> demand forecast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecast%20accuracy" title=" forecast accuracy"> forecast accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermittent" title=" intermittent"> intermittent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20level" title=" service level"> service level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunication" title=" telecommunication"> telecommunication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135655/intermittent-demand-forecast-in-telecommunication-service-provider-by-using-artificial-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135655.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9463</span> Between Subscribers of Two Telecommunication Providers in Indonesia: Factors Involved in Customer Retention</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frista%20Dearetha%20Marasabessy">Frista Dearetha Marasabessy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usep%20Suhud"> Usep Suhud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Rizan"> Mohammad Rizan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study objective was to compare influencing factors on customer retention of two brands – SimPATI and IM3 – of telecommunication services owned by Telkomsel and Indosat, two giant mobile telecommunication providers in Indonesia. The authors applied predictor variables including perceived tariff, perceived quality, switching barriers, and customer satisfaction. These variables were used after reviewing literature in quantitative studies on consumer behaviour relating to telecommunication services. This study used indicators adopted and adapted from literature. The quantitative data were gathered in Jakarta, involving 205 subscribers of SimPATI and 202 subscribers of IM3. The authors selected respondents purposively. Data were analysed using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Two fitted models were developed confirming factors that were involved in customer retention as stated on the proposed model: perceived tariff, perceived quality, switching barriers, and customer satisfaction. However, parts of the hypotheses were rejected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20retention" title="customer retention">customer retention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20barriers" title=" switching barriers"> switching barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunication%20providers" title=" telecommunication providers"> telecommunication providers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20equation%20model" title=" structural equation model"> structural equation model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SimPATI" title=" SimPATI"> SimPATI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IM3" title=" IM3"> IM3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia" title=" Indonesia"> Indonesia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10252/between-subscribers-of-two-telecommunication-providers-in-indonesia-factors-involved-in-customer-retention" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10252.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9462</span> Realization of Soliton Phase Characteristics in 10 Gbps, Single Channel, Uncompensated Telecommunication System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Jawahar">A. Jawahar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the dependence of soliton pulses with respect to phase in a 10 Gbps, single channel, dispersion uncompensated telecommunication system was studied. The characteristic feature of periodic soliton interaction was noted at the Interaction point (I=6202.5Km) in one collision length of L=12405.1 Km. The interaction point is located for 10Gbps system with an initial relative spacing (qo) of soliton as 5.28 using Perturbation theory. It is shown that, when two in-phase solitons are launched, they interact at the point I=6202.5 Km, but the interaction could be restricted with introduction of different phase initially. When the phase of the input solitons increases, the deviation of soliton pulses at the I also increases. We have successfully demonstrated this effect in a telecommunication set-up in terms of Quality factor (Q), where the Q=0 for in-phase soliton. The Q was noted to be 125.9, 38.63, 47.53, 59.60, 161.37, and 78.04 for different phases such as 10o, 20o, 30o, 45o, 60o and 90o degrees respectively at Interaction point I. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soliton%20interaction" title="Soliton interaction">Soliton interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Initial%20relative%20spacing" title=" Initial relative spacing"> Initial relative spacing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase" title=" phase"> phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Perturbation%20theory%20and%20telecommunication%20system" title=" Perturbation theory and telecommunication system"> Perturbation theory and telecommunication system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30037/realization-of-soliton-phase-characteristics-in-10-gbps-single-channel-uncompensated-telecommunication-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9461</span> Customer Churn Analysis in Telecommunication Industry Using Data Mining Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burcu%20Oralhan">Burcu Oralhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeki%20Oralhan"> Zeki Oralhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nilsun%20Sariyer"> Nilsun Sariyer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumru%20Uyar"> Kumru Uyar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Data mining has been becoming more and more important and a wide range of applications in recent years. Data mining is the process of find hidden and unknown patterns in big data. One of the applied fields of data mining is Customer Relationship Management. Understanding the relationships between products and customers is crucial for every business. Customer Relationship Management is an approach to focus on customer relationship development, retention and increase on customer satisfaction. In this study, we made an application of a data mining methods in telecommunication customer relationship management side. This study aims to determine the customers profile who likely to leave the system, develop marketing strategies, and customized campaigns for customers. Data are clustered by applying classification techniques for used to determine the churners. As a result of this study, we will obtain knowledge from international telecommunication industry. We will contribute to the understanding and development of this subject in Customer Relationship Management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20churn%20analysis" title="customer churn analysis">customer churn analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20relationship%20management" title=" customer relationship management"> customer relationship management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title=" data mining"> data mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunication%20industry" title=" telecommunication industry"> telecommunication industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54412/customer-churn-analysis-in-telecommunication-industry-using-data-mining-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9460</span> Perception of Risks of the Telecommunication Towers in Malaysia: A Qualitative Inquiry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Kamarulzaman">Y. Kamarulzaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Madun"> A. Madun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20D.%20Yusop"> F. D. Yusop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Abdullah"> N. Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20K.%20Hoong"> N. K. Hoong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 2011, the Malaysian Government has initiated a nationwide project called 1BestariNet which will adopt the using of technology in teaching and learning, resulting in the construction of telecommunication towers inside the public schools’ premise. Using qualitative approach, this study investigated public perception of risks associated with the project, particularly the telecommunication towers. Data collection involved observation and in-depth interviews with 22 individuals consist of a segment of public that was anxious about the risks of radio frequency electromagnetic field (RFEMF) which include two employees of telecommunication companies (telcos) and five employees of Government agencies. Observation of the location of the towers at 10 public schools, a public forum, and media reports provide valuable information in our analysis. The study finds that the main concern is related to the health risks. This study also shows that it is not easy for the Government to manage public perception mainly because it involves public trust. We find that risk perception is related with public trust, as well as the perceived benefits and level of knowledge. Efficient communication and continuous engagement with the local communities help to build and maintain public trust, reduce public fear and anxiety, hence mitigating the risk perception among the public. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20perception" title="risk perception">risk perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20communication" title=" risk communication"> risk communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust" title=" trust"> trust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunication%20tower" title=" telecommunication tower"> telecommunication tower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20frequency%20electromagnetic%20field%20%28RFEMF%29" title=" radio frequency electromagnetic field (RFEMF)"> radio frequency electromagnetic field (RFEMF)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18568/perception-of-risks-of-the-telecommunication-towers-in-malaysia-a-qualitative-inquiry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18568.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9459</span> The Relationship between HR Disclosure and Employee’s Turnover: Study on the Telecommunication Sector in Jordan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dina%20Ahmed%20Alkhodary">Dina Ahmed Alkhodary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human Resources are the individual skills, knowledge, attitude, capabilities and experience collected to produce wealth to the company. Human Resource disclosure is the process of involving, reporting, and sharing the Investments made in the Human Resources of an Organization that such as organizations short goals and objectives, employees creation value, training and development plan are presently not accounted for in the conventional accounting practices which is importance nowadays to reduce the employee`s turnover. For the purpose of the study 3 telecommunications companies in Jordan have been selected. Telecommunication industry has been chosen for this study since it is a successful sector in Jordan and Human resource disclosure practices were adopted in all the selected companies and companies was aware to the HR practices. The objective of the study is to find out the HR disclosures practices of the telecommunication Companies in Jordan and to find the relationship between the HR Disclosures practices and employees’ turnover which has been measured by leaver proficiencies, remaining member proficiencies and the new comers proficiencies. The researcher has used the questioner to collect data for the research purpose. Results reveal that There are human resource disclosure practices in telecommunication companies in Jordan but in some areas only and has found There that there is a significant relationship between the human resource disclosure practices of the telecommunication companies in Jordan and Employees turnover. It is important to the companies to disclose more information and it’s important to the researchers to study the HR disclosure in the other industries in Jordan to increase the awareness about it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HR" title="HR">HR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disclosure" title=" disclosure"> disclosure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employee" title=" employee"> employee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turnover" title=" turnover"> turnover</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29006/the-relationship-between-hr-disclosure-and-employees-turnover-study-on-the-telecommunication-sector-in-jordan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9458</span> Work Engagement Reducing Employee Turnover Intentions in Telecommunication Sector: The Moderator Role of Human Resource Development Climate between Work Engagement and Turnover Intentions </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pirzada%20Sami%20Ullah%20Sabri">Pirzada Sami Ullah Sabri </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study examines the relationship between work engagement (WE) and employee turnover intentions (TI) in telecommunication sector using human resource development climate (HRDC) as a moderator. Based on 538 employees of telecommunication sector Hierarchal regression analysis is employed to examine the influence of HRDC on the relationship of work engagement and turnover intentions. The result indicates the negative correlation between work engagement and turnover intentions; HRD climate support as a powerful moderator increases the work engagement and lessens the turnover intentions. The study shows the importance of favorable and supportive HRD climate which foster the work engagement of the employees in the organization. By understanding the importance of human resource development climate and work engagement in reducing the turnover intentions can increase the productivity and performance of the organization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turnover%20intentions" title="turnover intentions">turnover intentions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20engagement" title=" work engagement"> work engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20resource%20development" title=" human resource development"> human resource development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate" title=" climate"> climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchal%20regression%20analysis" title=" hierarchal regression analysis"> hierarchal regression analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunication%20sector" title=" telecommunication sector "> telecommunication sector </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21348/work-engagement-reducing-employee-turnover-intentions-in-telecommunication-sector-the-moderator-role-of-human-resource-development-climate-between-work-engagement-and-turnover-intentions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9457</span> Data Mining Practices: Practical Studies on the Telecommunication Companies in Jordan </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dina%20Ahmad%20Alkhodary">Dina Ahmad Alkhodary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to investigate the practices of Data Mining on the telecommunication companies in Jordan, from the viewpoint of the respondents. In order to achieve the goal of the study, and test the validity of hypotheses, the researcher has designed a questionnaire to collect data from managers and staff members from main department in the researched companies. The results shows improvements stages of the telecommunications companies towered Data Mining. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data" title="data">data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining" title=" mining"> mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business" title=" business"> business</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29559/data-mining-practices-practical-studies-on-the-telecommunication-companies-in-jordan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29559.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9456</span> A Unified Approach for Naval Telecommunication Architectures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Lacroix">Y. Lacroix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.-F.%20Malbranque"> J.-F. Malbranque</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present a chronological evolution for naval telecommunication networks. We distinguish periods: with or without multiplexers, with switch systems, with federative systems, with medium switching, and with medium switching with wireless networks. This highlights the introduction of new layers and technology in the architecture. These architectures are presented using layer models of transmission, in a unified way, which enables us to integrate pre-existing models. A ship of a naval fleet has internal communications (i.e. applications&#39; networks of the edge) and external communications (i.e. the use of the means of transmission between edges). We propose architectures, deduced from the layer model, which are the point of convergence between the networks on board and the HF, UHF radio, and satellite resources. This modelling allows to consider end-to-end naval communications, and in a more global way, that is from the user on board towards the user on shore, including transmission and networks on the shore side. The new architectures need take care of quality of services for end-to-end communications, the more remote control develops a lot and will do so in the future. Naval telecommunications will be more and more complex and will use more and more advanced technologies, it will thus be necessary to establish clear global communication schemes to grant consistency of the architectures. Our latest model has been implemented in a military naval situation, and serves as the basic architecture for the RIFAN2 network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium%20beach%20profile" title="equilibrium beach profile">equilibrium beach profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eastern%20tombolo%20of%20Giens" title=" eastern tombolo of Giens"> eastern tombolo of Giens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20function" title=" potential function"> potential function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion" title=" erosion"> erosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68121/a-unified-approach-for-naval-telecommunication-architectures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9455</span> Surprise Fraudsters Before They Surprise You: A South African Telecommunications Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anson%C3%A9%20Human">Ansoné Human</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nantes%20Kirsten"> Nantes Kirsten</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanja%20Verster"> Tanja Verster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Willem%20D.%20Schutte"> Willem D. Schutte</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Every year the telecommunications industry suffers huge losses due to fraud. Mobile fraud, or generally, telecommunications fraud is the utilisation of telecommunication products or services to acquire money illegally from or failing to pay a telecommunication company. A South African telecommunication operator developed two internal fraud scorecards to mitigate future risks of application fraud events. The scorecards aim to predict the likelihood of an application being fraudulent and surprise fraudsters before they surprise the telecommunication operator by identifying fraud at the time of application. The scorecards are utilised in the vetting process to evaluate the applicant in terms of the fraud risk the applicant would present to the telecommunication operator. Telecommunication providers can utilise these scorecards to profile customers, as well as isolate fraudulent and/or high-risk applicants. We provide the complete methodology utilised in the development of the scorecards. Furthermore, a Determination and Discrimination (DD) ratio is provided in the methodology to select the most influential variables from a group of related variables. Throughout the development of these scorecards, the following was revealed regarding fraudulent cases and fraudster behaviour within the telecommunications industry: Fraudsters typically target high-value handsets. Furthermore, debit order dates scheduled for the end of the month have the highest fraud probability. The fraudsters target specific stores. Applicants who acquire an expensive package and receive a medium-income, as well as applicants who obtain an expensive package and receive a high income, have higher fraud percentages. If one month prior to application, the status of an account is already in arrears (two months or more), the applicant has a high probability of fraud. The applicants with the highest average spend on calls have a higher probability of fraud. If the amount collected changes from month to month, the likelihood of fraud is higher. Lastly, young and middle-aged applicants have an increased probability of being targeted by fraudsters than other ages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=application%20fraud%20scorecard" title="application fraud scorecard">application fraud scorecard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20modeling" title=" predictive modeling"> predictive modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression" title=" regression"> regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunications" title=" telecommunications"> telecommunications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148124/surprise-fraudsters-before-they-surprise-you-a-south-african-telecommunications-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9454</span> A Framework for Strategy Development in Small Companies: A Case Study of a Telecommunication Firm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Goodarzi">Maryam Goodarzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdieh%20Sheikhi"> Mahdieh Sheikhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Goodarzi"> Mehdi Goodarzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study intends to offer an appropriate strategy development framework for a telecommunication firm (as a case study) which works on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) projects, development of telecommunication networks, and maintenance of local networks, according to its dominant condition. In this approach, first, the objectives were set and the mission was defined. Then, the capability was assessed by SWOT matrix. Using SPACE matrix, the strategy of the company was determined. The strategic direction is set and an appropriate and superior strategy was developed and offered employing QSPM matrix. The theoretical framework or conceptual model of the present study first involves 4 stages of framework development and then from stage 3 (assessing capability) onward, a strategic management model by Fred R. David. In this respect, the tools and methods offered in the framework are appropriate for all kinds of organizations, particularly small firms, and help strategists identify, evaluate, and select strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy%20formulation" title="strategy formulation">strategy formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firm%20mission" title=" firm mission"> firm mission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20direction" title=" strategic direction"> strategic direction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20diagram" title=" space diagram"> space diagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20strategic%20planning%20matrix" title=" quantitative strategic planning matrix"> quantitative strategic planning matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWOT%20matrix" title=" SWOT matrix"> SWOT matrix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7921/a-framework-for-strategy-development-in-small-companies-a-case-study-of-a-telecommunication-firm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7921.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9453</span> Modelling the Choice of Global Systems of Mobile Networks in Nigeria Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Awal%20Liman%20Sale">Awal Liman Sale</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The world is fast becoming a global village; and a necessary tool for this process is communication, of which telecommunication is a key player. The quantum development is very rapid as one innovation replaces another in a matter of weeks. Interconnected phone calls across the different Nigerian Telecom service providers are mostly difficult to connect and often diverted, incurring unnecessary charges on the customers. This compels the consumers to register and use multiple subscriber information modules (SIM) so that they can switch to another if one fails. This study aims to identify and prioritize the key factors in selecting telecom service providers by subscribers in Nigeria using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in order to match the factors with the GSM network providers and create a hierarchical structure. Opinions of 400 random subscribers of different service providers will be sought using the questionnaire. In general, four components and ten sub-components will be examined in this study. After determining the weight of these components, the importance of each in choosing the service will be prioritized in Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20hierarchy%20process" title="analytical hierarchy process">analytical hierarchy process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20village" title=" global village"> global village</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigerian%20telecommunication" title=" Nigerian telecommunication"> Nigerian telecommunication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subscriber%20information%20modules" title=" subscriber information modules"> subscriber information modules</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69550/modelling-the-choice-of-global-systems-of-mobile-networks-in-nigeria-using-the-analytical-hierarchy-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9452</span> Order Optimization of a Telecommunication Distribution Center through Service Lead Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tam%C3%A1s%20Hartv%C3%A1nyi">Tamás Hartványi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferenc%20T%C3%B3th"> Ferenc Tóth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> European telecommunication distribution center performance is measured by service lead time and quality. Operation model is CTO (customized to order) namely, a high mix customization of telecommunication network equipment and parts. CTO operation contains material receiving, warehousing, network and server assembly to order and configure based on customer specifications. Variety of the product and orders does not support mass production structure. One of the success factors to satisfy customer is to have a proper aggregated planning method for the operation in order to have optimized human resources and highly efficient asset utilization. Research will investigate several methods and find proper way to have an order book simulation where practical optimization problem may contain thousands of variables and the simulation running times of developed algorithms were taken into account with high importance. There are two operation research models that were developed, customer demand is given in orders, no change over time, customer demands are given for product types, and changeover time is constant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CTO" title="CTO">CTO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregated%20planning" title=" aggregated planning"> aggregated planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20simulation" title=" demand simulation"> demand simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=changeover%20time" title=" changeover time"> changeover time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70267/order-optimization-of-a-telecommunication-distribution-center-through-service-lead-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9451</span> Optimization of Interface Radio of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Mohamed%20Amine">O. Mohamed Amine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Khireddine"> A. Khireddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Telecoms operators are always looking to meet their share of the other customers, they try to gain optimum utilization of the deployed equipment and network optimization has become essential. This project consists of optimizing UMTS network, and the study area is an urban area situated in the center of Algiers. It was initially questions to become familiar with the different communication systems (3G) and the optimization technique, its main components, and its fundamental characteristics radios were introduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UTRAN" title=" UTRAN"> UTRAN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WCDMA" title=" WCDMA"> WCDMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52556/optimization-of-interface-radio-of-universal-mobile-telecommunication-system-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9450</span> 3G or 4G: A Predilection for Millennial Generation of Indian Society</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rishi%20Prajapati">Rishi Prajapati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 3G is the abbreviation of third generation of wireless mobile telecommunication technologies. 3G is a mode that finds application in wireless voice telephony, mobile internet access, fixed wireless internet access, video calls and mobile TV. It also provides mobile broadband access to smartphones and mobile modems in laptops and computers. The first 3G networks were introduced in 1998, followed by 4G networks in 2008. 4G is the abbreviation of fourth generation of wireless mobile telecommunication technologies. 4G is termed to be the advanced form of 3G. 4G was firstly introduced in South Korea in 2007. Many abstracts have floated researches that depicted the diversity and similarity between the third and the fourth generation of wireless mobile telecommunications technology, whereas this abstract reflects the study that focuses on analyzing the preference between 3G versus 4G given by the elite group of the Indian society who are known as adolescents or the Millennial Generation aging from 18 years to 25 years. The Millennial Generation was chosen for this study as they have the easiest access to the latest technology. A sample size of 200 adolescents was selected and a structured survey was carried out which had several closed ended as well as open ended questions, to aggregate the result of this study. It was made sure that the effect of environmental factors on the subjects was as minimal as possible. The data analysis comprised of primary data collection reflecting it as quantitative research. The rationale behind this research is to give brief idea of how 3G and 4G are accepted by the Millennial Generation in India. The findings of this research would materialize a framework which depicts whether Millennial Generation would prefer 4G over 3G or vice versa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fourth%20generation" title="fourth generation">fourth generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20telecommunication%20technology" title=" wireless telecommunication technology"> wireless telecommunication technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian%20society" title=" Indian society"> Indian society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=millennial%20generation" title=" millennial generation"> millennial generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20research" title=" market research"> market research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third%20generation" title=" third generation"> third generation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56902/3g-or-4g-a-predilection-for-millennial-generation-of-indian-society" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9449</span> Business Intelligence for Profiling of Telecommunication Customer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rokhmatul%20Insani">Rokhmatul Insani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hira%20Laksmiwati%20Soemitro"> Hira Laksmiwati Soemitro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Business Intelligence is a methodology that exploits the data to produce information and knowledge systematically, business intelligence can support the decision-making process. Some methods in business intelligence are data warehouse and data mining. A data warehouse can store historical data from transactional data. For data modelling in data warehouse, we apply dimensional modelling by Kimball. While data mining is used to extracting patterns from the data and get insight from the data. Data mining has many techniques, one of which is segmentation. For profiling of telecommunication customer, we use customer segmentation according to customer’s usage of services, customer invoice and customer payment. Customers can be grouped according to their characteristics and can be identified the profitable customers. We apply K-Means Clustering Algorithm for segmentation. The input variable for that algorithm we use RFM (Recency, Frequency and Monetary) model. All process in data mining, we use tools IBM SPSS modeller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20intelligence" title="business intelligence">business intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20segmentation" title=" customer segmentation"> customer segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20warehouse" title=" data warehouse"> data warehouse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title=" data mining"> data mining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46969/business-intelligence-for-profiling-of-telecommunication-customer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9448</span> Characterization of Optical Communication Channels as Non-Deterministic Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentina%20Alessandra%20Carvalho%20do%20Vale">Valentina Alessandra Carvalho do Vale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmo%20Thiago%20Lins%20C%C3%B6uras%20Ford"> Elmo Thiago Lins Cöuras Ford</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasingly telecommunications sectors are adopting optical technologies, due to its ability to transmit large amounts of data over long distances. However, as in all systems of data transmission, optical communication channels suffer from undesirable and non-deterministic effects, being essential to know the same. Thus, this research allows the assessment of these effects, as well as their characterization and beneficial uses of these effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20communication" title="optical communication">optical communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20fiber" title=" optical fiber"> optical fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-deterministic%20effects" title=" non-deterministic effects"> non-deterministic effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunication" title=" telecommunication"> telecommunication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18372/characterization-of-optical-communication-channels-as-non-deterministic-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">788</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9447</span> Churn Prediction for Telecommunication Industry Using Artificial Neural Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulas%20Vural">Ulas Vural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ergun%20Okay"> M. Ergun Okay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Mesut%20Yildiz"> E. Mesut Yildiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Telecommunication service providers demand accurate and precise prediction of customer churn probabilities to increase the effectiveness of their customer relation services. The large amount of customer data owned by the service providers is suitable for analysis by machine learning methods. In this study, expenditure data of customers are analyzed by using an artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN model is applied to the data of customers with different billing duration. The proposed model successfully predicts the churn probabilities at 83% accuracy for only three months expenditure data and the prediction accuracy increases up to 89% when the nine month data is used. The experiments also show that the accuracy of ANN model increases on an extended feature set with information of the changes on the bill amounts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20relationship%20management" title="customer relationship management">customer relationship management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=churn%09prediction" title=" churn prediction"> churn prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecom%20industry" title=" telecom industry"> telecom industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20networks" title=" artificial neural networks"> artificial neural networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126999/churn-prediction-for-telecommunication-industry-using-artificial-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126999.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9446</span> Telecom Infrastructure Outsourcing: An Innovative Approach </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irfan%20Zafar">Irfan Zafar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the years the Telecom Industry in the country has shown a lot of progress in terms of infrastructure development coupled with the availability of telecom services. This has however led to the cut throat completion among various operators thus leading to reduced tariffs to the customers. The profit margins have seen a reduction thus leading the operators to think of other avenues by adopting new models while keeping the quality of service intact. The outsourcing of the network and the resources is one such model which has shown promising benefits which includes lower costs, less risk, higher levels of customer support and engagement, predictable expenses, access to the emerging technologies, benefiting from a highly skilled workforce, adaptability, focus on the core business while reducing capital costs. A lot of research has been done on outsourcing in terms of reasons of outsourcing and its benefits. However this study is an attempt to analyze the effects of the outsourcing on an organizations performance (Telecommunication Sector) considering the variables (1) Cost Reduction (2) Organizational Performance (3) Flexibility (4) Employee Performance (5) Access to Specialized Skills & Technology and the (6) Outsourcing Risks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outsourcing" title="outsourcing">outsourcing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title=" ICT"> ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunication" title=" telecommunication"> telecommunication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IT" title=" IT"> IT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=networking" title=" networking "> networking </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31310/telecom-infrastructure-outsourcing-an-innovative-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9445</span> The Influence of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty at a Telecommunication Company in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Azlina%20Mohamed%20Yunus">Noor Azlina Mohamed Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baharom%20Abd%20Rahman"> Baharom Abd Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Kadir%20Othman"> Abdul Kadir Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narehan%20Hassan"> Narehan Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohana%20Mat%20Som"> Rohana Mat Som</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibhrahim%20Zakaria"> Ibhrahim Zakaria </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Customer satisfaction and customer loyalty are the most important outcomes of marketing in which both elements serve various stages of consumer buying behavior. Excellent service quality has become a major corporate goal as more companies gradually struggle for quality for their products and services. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of service quality on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty at one telecommunication company in Malaysia which is Telekom Malaysia. The scope of this research is to evaluate satisfaction on the products or services at TMpoint Bukit Raja, Malaysia. The data are gathered through the distribution of questionnaires to a total of 306 respondents who visited and used the products or services. By using correlation and multiple regression analyses, the result revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction. The most influential factor on customer satisfaction was empathy followed by reliability, assurance and tangibles. However, there was no significant influence between responsiveness and customer satisfaction. The result also showed there was a positive and significant relationship between service quality and customer loyalty. The most influential factor on customer loyalty was assurance followed by reliability and tangibles. TMpoint Bukit Raja is recommended to device excellent strategies to satisfy customers’ needs and to adopt action-oriented approach by focusing on what the customers wanted. It is also recommended that similar study can be carried out in other industries using different methodologies such as longitudinal method, enlarge the sample size and use a qualitative approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20satisfaction" title="customer satisfaction">customer satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20loyalty" title=" customer loyalty"> customer loyalty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20quality" title=" service quality"> service quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunication%20company" title=" telecommunication company"> telecommunication company</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12042/the-influence-of-service-quality-on-customer-satisfaction-and-customer-loyalty-at-a-telecommunication-company-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9444</span> Cellular Mobile Telecommunication GSM Radio Base Station Network Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Alzahrani">Saeed Alzahrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaser%20Miaji"> Yaser Miaji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The project involves the design and simulation of a Mobile Cellular Telecommunication Network using the software tool CelPlanner. The design is mainly concerned with Global System for Mobile Communications . The design and simulation of the network is done for a small part of the area allocated for us in the terrain area of Shreveport city .The project is concerned with designing a network that is cost effective and which also efficiently meets the required Grade of Service (GOS) AND Quality of Service (QOS).The expected outcome of this project is the design of a network that gives a good coverage for the area allocated to us with minimum co-channel interference and adjacent channel interference. The Handover and Traffic Handling Capacity should also be taken into consideration and should be good for the given area . The Traffic Handling Capacity of the network in a way decides whether the designed network is good or bad . The design also takes into consideration the topographical and morphological information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20communication" title="mobile communication">mobile communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM" title=" GSM"> GSM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20base%20station" title=" radio base station"> radio base station</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20planning" title=" network planning"> network planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28246/cellular-mobile-telecommunication-gsm-radio-base-station-network-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28246.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9443</span> Analysing the Moderating Effect of Customer Loyalty on Long Run Repurchase Intentions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Akpesiri%20Olotewo">John Akpesiri Olotewo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the controversies in existing marketing literatures is on how to retain existing and new customers to have repurchase intention in the long-run; however, empirical answer to this question is scanty in existing studies. Thus, this study investigates the moderating effect of consumer loyalty on long-run repurchase intentions in telecommunication industry using Lagos State environs. The study adopted field survey research design using questionnaire to elicit responses from 250 respondents who were selected using random and stratified random sampling techniques from the telecommunication industry in Lagos State, Nigeria. The internal consistency of the research instrument was verified using the Cronbach’s alpha, the result of 0.89 implies the acceptability of the internal consistency of the survey instrument. The test of the research hypotheses were analyzed using Pearson Product Method of Correlation (PPMC), simple regression analysis and inferential statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science version 20.0 (SPSS). The study confirmed that customer satisfaction has a significant relationship with customer loyalty in the telecommunication industry; also Service quality has a significant relationship with customer loyalty to a brand; loyalty programs have a significant relationship with customer loyalty to a network operator in Nigeria and Customer loyalty has a significant effect on the long run repurchase intentions of the customer. The study concluded that one of the determinants of long term profitability of a business entity is the long run repurchase intentions of its customers which hinges on the level of brand loyalty of the customer. Thus, it was recommended that service providers in Nigeria should improve on factors like customer satisfaction, service quality, and loyalty programs in order to increase the loyalty of their customer to their brands thereby increasing their repurchase intentions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20loyalty" title="customer loyalty">customer loyalty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long%20run%20repurchase%20intentions" title=" long run repurchase intentions"> long run repurchase intentions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brands" title=" brands"> brands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20quality%20and%20customer%20satisfaction" title=" service quality and customer satisfaction"> service quality and customer satisfaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46294/analysing-the-moderating-effect-of-customer-loyalty-on-long-run-repurchase-intentions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9442</span> A New Resonance Solution to Suppress the Voltage Stresses in the Forward Topology Used in a Switch Mode Power Supply</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maamar%20Latroch">Maamar Latroch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Bourahla"> Mohamed Bourahla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forward topology used in switch mode power supply (SMPS) is one of the most famous configuration feeding DC systems such as telecommunication systems and other specific applications where the galvanic isolation is required. This configuration benefits of the high frequency feature of the transformer to provide a small size and light weight of the over all system. However, the stresses existing on the power switch during an ON/OFF commutation limit the transmitted power to the DC load. This paper investigates the main causes of the stresses in voltage existing during a commutation cycle and suggest a low cost solution that eliminates the overvoltage. As a result, this configuration will yield the possibility of the use of this configuration in higher power applications. Simulation results will show the efficiency of the presented method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switch%20mode%20power%20supply" title="switch mode power supply">switch mode power supply</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20topology" title=" forward topology"> forward topology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonance%20topology" title=" resonance topology"> resonance topology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20frequency%20commutation" title=" high frequency commutation"> high frequency commutation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32934/a-new-resonance-solution-to-suppress-the-voltage-stresses-in-the-forward-topology-used-in-a-switch-mode-power-supply" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32934.pdf" target="_blank" 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