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Lenus - Wikipedia

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lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lenus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenus" title="Lenus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenus" title="Lenus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lenus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenus" title="Lenus – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lenus" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1" title="לנוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לנוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenus" title="Lenus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lenus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenus" title="Lenus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lenus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" 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see <a href="/wiki/Lenus_(Ireland)" title="Lenus (Ireland)">Lenus (Ireland)</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martbergtempel_Innenraum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Martbergtempel_Innenraum.jpg/300px-Martbergtempel_Innenraum.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Martbergtempel_Innenraum.jpg/450px-Martbergtempel_Innenraum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Martbergtempel_Innenraum.jpg/600px-Martbergtempel_Innenraum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Interior of the reconstructed temple on the Martberg, with a cult statue of Lenus Mars.</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trier_Quelle_am_Irminenwingert632a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Trier_Quelle_am_Irminenwingert632a.jpg/290px-Trier_Quelle_am_Irminenwingert632a.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Trier_Quelle_am_Irminenwingert632a.jpg/435px-Trier_Quelle_am_Irminenwingert632a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Trier_Quelle_am_Irminenwingert632a.jpg/580px-Trier_Quelle_am_Irminenwingert632a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1909" data-file-height="1492" /></a><figcaption>The spring sacred to Lenus Mars near the temple ‘Am Irminenwingert’ overlooking Trier.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Lenus</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ληνός</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) was a Celtic healing god worshipped mainly in eastern <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a>, where he was almost always identified with the <a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">Roman</a> god <a href="/wiki/Mars_(mythology)" title="Mars (mythology)">Mars</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Theonym" title="Theonym">theonym</a> <i>Lenos</i> may derive from a stem <i>lēno</i>-, which could mean 'wood, bocage' (cf. Welsh <i>llwyn</i> 'bush, grave, shrub').<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelamarre2003435_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelamarre2003435-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cult">Cult</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Cult"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was an important god of the <a href="/wiki/Treveri" title="Treveri">Treveri</a> tribe, who had large sanctuaries at medicinal springs at <a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a> and the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martberg" class="extiw" title="de:Martberg">Martberg</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pommern,_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Pommern, Rhineland-Palatinate">Pommern</a> in what is now <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. Two dedications to him are also known from southwestern <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Britain</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chedworth_Roman_Villa" title="Chedworth Roman Villa">Chedworth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caerwent" title="Caerwent">Caerwent</a>). Edith Wightman characterizes him as “one of the best examples of a <a href="/wiki/Teutates" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutates">Teutates</a>, or god of the people, equated with Mars—protector of the tribe in battle, but also [...] bestower of health and general good fortune” (p.&#160;211).<sup id="cite_ref-Wightman_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wightman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His sanctuary ‘Am Irminenwingert’ at Trier had a large temple, baths, smaller shrines and a theatre; that on the Martberg also included a large variety of buildings, probably including rooms for health-seeking pilgrims to stay. Despite his associations with healing, Lenus Mars is depicted classically as a warrior with Corinthian helmet in a bronze statuette from the Martberg.<sup id="cite_ref-Wightman_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wightman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>His name most often appears in inscriptions as ‘Lenus Mars’, rather than ‘Mars Lenus’ as would be expected from other most <a href="/wiki/Interpretatio_Romana" class="mw-redirect" title="Interpretatio Romana">syncretized</a> names. At Trier, Lenus Mars's divine partners were the Celtic goddess <a href="/wiki/Ancamna" title="Ancamna">Ancamna</a> and the Roman <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (goddess)">Victoria</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Xulsigiae" title="Xulsigiae">Xulsigiae</a>, who are perhaps water nymphs.<sup id="cite_ref-Wightman_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wightman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> An inscription from Kaul in <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> appears to invoke Lenus Mars ‘<a href="/wiki/Veraudunus" title="Veraudunus">Veraudunus</a>’ along with the Celtic goddess <a href="/wiki/Inciona" title="Inciona">Inciona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MNHA_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MNHA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lenus was not the only Celtic god identified with Mars by the Treveri; others, such as <a href="/wiki/Iovantucarus" title="Iovantucarus">Iovantucarus</a> (apparently a protector of youth), <a href="/wiki/Intarabus" title="Intarabus">Intarabus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Camulos">Camulos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Loucetios" title="Loucetios">Loucetios</a> were identified with Mars and perhaps, by extension, with Lenus. His name occasionally appears as ‘Mars Laenus’;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the more usual form ‘Lenus Mars’ is accompanied by the epithets <i>Arterancus</i> and <i>Exsobinus</i> on one inscription each. </p><p>In Britain, Mars Lenus may have been identified with <a href="/wiki/Ocelus" title="Ocelus">Ocelus Vellaunus</a>, on the evidence of this inscription on the base of a statue:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><small>DEO MARTI LENO SIVE OCELO VELLAVN ET NVM AVG M NONIVS ROMANVS OB IMMVNITAT COLLEGNI D D S D GLABRIONE ET HOMVLO COS X K SEPT</small></dd> <dd><i>To the god Mars Lenus or Ocelus Vellaunus and to the <a href="/wiki/Numina" class="mw-redirect" title="Numina">Numen</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Augustus_(honorific)" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus (honorific)">Augustus</a>, Marcus Nonius Romanus dedicated this from the privilege of the college during the consulship of Glabrio and Homulus ten days before the Calends of September.</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Latinarum" title="Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum">CIL</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_einzel_en.php?p_belegstelle=CIL+13%2C+07661&amp;r_sortierung=Belegstelle">XIII, 07661</a>; E. Courtney (1995) reads the original dative form as <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Ληνῷ</span></span> in <i>Musa Lapidaria: A Selection of Latin Verses</i> <b>160</b>, p.&#160;152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelamarre2003435-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelamarre2003435_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDelamarre2003">Delamarre 2003</a>, p.&#160;435.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wightman-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wightman_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wightman_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wightman_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Edith Mary Wightman (1970). <i>Roman Trier and the Treveri.</i> Rupert Hart-Davis, London.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arbre-celtique.com/approfondissements/divinites/inventaire-div/div_liste.php">L'Arbre Celtique</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MNHA-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MNHA_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Musée d'histoire et d'art, Luxembourg. 1974. <i>Pierres sculptées et inscriptions de l'époque romaine</i>, catalogued by Eugénie Wilhelm, p.71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicole Jufer &amp; Thierry Luginbühl (2001). <i>Les dieux gaulois&#160;: répertoire des noms de divinités celtiques connus par l'épigraphie, les textes antiques et la toponymie.</i> Paris: Editions Errance. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-87772-200-7" title="Special:BookSources/2-87772-200-7">2-87772-200-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Collingwood and R.P. Wright. <i>The Roman Inscriptions of Britain.</i> Oxford. RIB 309. Quoted at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-britain.org/places/venta_silurum.htm#rib309">Roman-Britain.org</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelamarre2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Delamarre" title="Xavier Delamarre">Delamarre, Xavier</a> (2003). <i>Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental</i>. Errance. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782877723695" title="Special:BookSources/9782877723695"><bdi>9782877723695</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+de+la+langue+gauloise%3A+Une+approche+linguistique+du+vieux-celtique+continental&amp;rft.pub=Errance&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=9782877723695&amp;rft.aulast=Delamarre&amp;rft.aufirst=Xavier&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALenus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lenus_Mars" class="extiw" title="commons:Lenus Mars"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Lenus Mars</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flickr.com/photos/paul_garland/669176150/in/set-72157600602638404/">Photograph of the Treveran Mars, by Paul Garland</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Gaulish-Brythonic_mythology" title="Template:Gaulish-Brythonic mythology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gaulish-Brythonic_mythology" title="Template talk:Gaulish-Brythonic mythology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gaulish-Brythonic_mythology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gaulish-Brythonic mythology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Celtic_mythology_series" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic mythology</a> series</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#c1e6c1;"><div><b>Ancient deities of <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Iron_Age" title="British Iron Age">Britain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a> by region</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Supra-regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaunus" title="Alaunus">Alaunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alisanos" title="Alisanos">Alisanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andarta" title="Andarta">Andarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anextiomarus" title="Anextiomarus">Anextiomarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artio" title="Artio">Artio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aveta" title="Aveta">Aveta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belenus" title="Belenus">Belenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belisama" title="Belisama">Belisama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borvo" title="Borvo">Borvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigantia_(goddess)" title="Brigantia (goddess)">Brigantia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camulus" title="Camulus">Camulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cernunnos" title="Cernunnos">Cernunnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicolluis" title="Cicolluis">Cicolluis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cissonius" title="Cissonius">Cissonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condatis" title="Condatis">Condatis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damona" title="Damona">Damona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dis_Pater" title="Dis Pater">Dis Pater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divona" title="Divona">Divona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epona" title="Epona">Epona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erecura" title="Erecura">Erecura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esus" title="Esus">Esus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_Spirits" title="Hooded Spirits">Genii Cucullati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grannus" title="Grannus">Grannus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ialonus_Contrebis" title="Ialonus Contrebis">Ialonus Contrebis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litavis" title="Litavis">Litavis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loucetios" title="Loucetios">Loucetios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugus" title="Lugus">Lugus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maponos" title="Maponos">Maponos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matres_and_Matronae" title="Matres and Matronae">Matres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dea_Matrona" title="Dea Matrona">Matrona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogons" title="Mogons">Mogons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantosuelta" title="Nantosuelta">Nantosuelta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogmios" title="Ogmios">Ogmios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritona" title="Ritona">Ritona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosmerta" title="Rosmerta">Rosmerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segomo" title="Segomo">Segomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirona_(goddess)" title="Sirona (goddess)">Sirona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucellus" title="Sucellus">Sucellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleviae" title="Suleviae">Suleviae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranis" title="Taranis">Taranis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesphorus_(mythology)" title="Telesphorus (mythology)">Telesphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toutatis" title="Toutatis">Toutatis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virotutis" title="Virotutis">Virotutis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visucius" title="Visucius">Visucius</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rouelle_d_or_Balesme_Haute_Marne.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Celtic wheel"><img alt="Celtic wheel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Rouelle_d_or_Balesme_Haute_Marne.jpg/100px-Rouelle_d_or_Balesme_Haute_Marne.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Rouelle_d_or_Balesme_Haute_Marne.jpg/150px-Rouelle_d_or_Balesme_Haute_Marne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Rouelle_d_or_Balesme_Haute_Marne.jpg/200px-Rouelle_d_or_Balesme_Haute_Marne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Celtic wheel</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taranis_Jupiter_with_wheel_and_thunderbolt_Le_Chatelet_Gourzon_Haute_Marne.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Taranis"><img alt="Taranis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Taranis_Jupiter_with_wheel_and_thunderbolt_Le_Chatelet_Gourzon_Haute_Marne.jpg/100px-Taranis_Jupiter_with_wheel_and_thunderbolt_Le_Chatelet_Gourzon_Haute_Marne.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Taranis_Jupiter_with_wheel_and_thunderbolt_Le_Chatelet_Gourzon_Haute_Marne.jpg/150px-Taranis_Jupiter_with_wheel_and_thunderbolt_Le_Chatelet_Gourzon_Haute_Marne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Taranis_Jupiter_with_wheel_and_thunderbolt_Le_Chatelet_Gourzon_Haute_Marne.jpg/200px-Taranis_Jupiter_with_wheel_and_thunderbolt_Le_Chatelet_Gourzon_Haute_Marne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="953" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>Taranis</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Iron_Age" title="British Iron Age">Britannia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abandinus" title="Abandinus">Abandinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaisiagae" title="Alaisiagae">Alaisiagae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancasta" title="Ancasta">Ancasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andraste" title="Andraste">Andraste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnemetia" title="Arnemetia">Arnemetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belatucadros" title="Belatucadros">Belatucadros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britannia" title="Britannia">Britannia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clota" title="Clota">Clota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocidius" title="Cocidius">Cocidius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventina" title="Coventina">Coventina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iouga" title="Iouga">Iouga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latis" title="Latis">Latis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nodens" title="Nodens">Nodens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocelus" title="Ocelus">Ocelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricagambeda" title="Ricagambeda">Ricagambeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satiada" title="Satiada">Satiada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senuna" title="Senuna">Senuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulis" title="Sulis">Sulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinotonus" title="Vinotonus">Vinotonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verbeia" title="Verbeia">Verbeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veteris" title="Veteris">Veteris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania">Gallia Aquitania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abellio" title="Abellio">Abellio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baco_(god)" title="Baco (god)">Baco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagus_(god)" title="Fagus (god)">Fagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexarbores" title="Sexarbores">Sexarbores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Belgica" title="Gallia Belgica">Gallia Belgica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abnoba" title="Abnoba">Abnoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancamna" title="Ancamna">Ancamna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arduinna" title="Arduinna">Arduinna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvernus" title="Arvernus">Arvernus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icovellauna" title="Icovellauna">Icovellauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inciona" title="Inciona">Inciona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intarabus" title="Intarabus">Intarabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iovantucarus" title="Iovantucarus">Iovantucarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veraudunus" title="Veraudunus">Veraudunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindonnus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vindonnus">Vindonnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vosegus" title="Vosegus">Vosegus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xulsigiae" title="Xulsigiae">Xulsigiae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Celtica" title="Gallia Celtica">Gallia Celtica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acionna" title="Acionna">Acionna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anvallus" title="Anvallus">Anvallus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atepomarus" title="Atepomarus">Atepomarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricta" title="Bricta">Bricta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobannus" title="Gobannus">Gobannus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icaunis" title="Icaunis">Icaunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxovius" title="Luxovius">Luxovius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemetona" title="Nemetona">Nemetona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moccus" title="Moccus">Moccus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moritasgus" title="Moritasgus">Moritasgus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullo_(god)" title="Mullo (god)">Mullo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naria" title="Naria">Naria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robor" title="Robor">Robor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequana" title="Sequana">Sequana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souconna_(mythology)" title="Souconna (mythology)">Souconna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smertrios" title="Smertrios">Smertrios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telo_(mythology)" title="Telo (mythology)">Telo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Cisalpina" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallia Cisalpina">Gallia Cisalpina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambisagrus" title="Ambisagrus">Ambisagrus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis">Gallia Narbonensis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albiorix_(Gaulish_deity)" title="Albiorix (Gaulish deity)">Albiorix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaius" title="Artaius">Artaius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxenus" title="Buxenus">Buxenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathubodua" title="Cathubodua">Cathubodua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lero" title="Lero">Lero et Lerina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemausus" title="Nemausus">Nemausus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudianos" title="Rudianos">Rudianos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germania_Inferior" title="Germania Inferior">Germania Inferior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matronae_Aufaniae" title="Matronae Aufaniae">Matronae Aufaniae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebrinius" title="Gebrinius">Gebrinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehalennia" title="Nehalennia">Nehalennia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandua" title="Bandua">Bandua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endovelicus" title="Endovelicus">Endovelicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabia" title="Nabia">Nabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reo_(deity)" title="Reo (deity)">Reue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐24l65 Cached time: 20241124173804 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.414 seconds Real time usage: 0.524 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 748/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 23052/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 463/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 19914/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.294/10.000 seconds Lua memory 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