CINXE.COM

<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"/><title>Science Shows Why Drum Machines Will Never Replace Live Drummers</title><link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn2.bustle.com" crossorigin/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn2c.bustle.com" crossorigin/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://imgix.bustle.com"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net"/><style data-href="https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/main-65d79a3b38.css">.V8B{position:relative}.CAk{width:100%;height:100%;border:none;background:none;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;pointer-events:none}.CAk:focus{outline:none}.zwx{position:fixed;inset:0 0 100%;opacity:0;transition:opacity .25s,bottom 0s ease .25s;pointer-events:none}.ecP:checked~.zwx{transition:opacity .25s,bottom 0s;opacity:.7;bottom:0;pointer-events:all}.s4D{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:center;margin:0 auto;position:relative;text-align:center;z-index:10000}body>.s4D{inset:0;height:100%;margin:auto;position:fixed}.SBH{transform:rotate(4deg)}.Bha{background:var(--primaryColor);padding:.5rem 0 1rem}.Bha span{display:inline;font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:2.5rem}@media (min-width: 1025px){.Bha span{font-size:5rem}}@keyframes vWL{0%{opacity:1}50%{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}.zsz{display:inline-block;animation:s6B 20s infinite linear}.Zj1{display:inline;text-transform:uppercase;white-space:nowrap}.bYa{animation:s6B 20s infinite linear}@keyframes s6B{0%{transform:translate(0)}to{transform:translate(-50%)}}.qUu{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;height:0;pointer-events:none;z-index:var(--zIndexNav)}.pGs{position:fixed}.zUh{position:relative;width:100%;height:0;display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:space-between;padding:.5rem .75rem}.zYo{transition:width var(--transitionHover);width:60px}.IgQ .zYo{width:50px}.m4L .O3D{opacity:0;transition:opacity var(--transitionHover)}.O3D{position:relative;display:block;width:100%;padding-top:122.5%;pointer-events:auto;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.Pok{position:absolute;top:0;height:100%;width:100%;fill:var(--metaColor);pointer-events:none}.xxh{transition:fill var(--transitionHover)}.gQC{position:relative;color:var(--metaColor);font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:var(--fontWeightBold);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.012em;text-transform:uppercase;height:45px;cursor:pointer;pointer-events:auto;z-index:1}.gQC button{height:45px;inset:0;margin:auto;position:absolute;transition:color var(--transitionHover);width:45px;z-index:-1}.RdF{cursor:pointer;height:var(--headerHeight);padding:15px;display:flex;align-items:center;margin-right:-1rem;position:relative}.IgQ{pointer-events:auto}.IgQ .O3D{opacity:.9}.IgQ .Pok{fill:var(--slot5)}.IgQ .gQC{color:var(--slot5)}@media (min-width: 768px){.gQC{font-size:1.875rem}.zYo,.IgQ .zYo{width:107px}}.VH1{display:flex}.y9v{flex-shrink:0}.icx{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;-webkit-mask:center / auto 20px no-repeat;mask:center / auto 20px no-repeat;background:currentColor}.kz3{-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/copyLink-51bed30e9b.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/copyLink-51bed30e9b.svg)}.Q6Y{-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/facebook-89d60ac2c5.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/facebook-89d60ac2c5.svg);-webkit-mask-size:auto 23px;mask-size:auto 23px}.g9F{-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/instagram-2d17a57549.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/instagram-2d17a57549.svg)}.ORU{-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/mailto-2d8df46b91.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/mailto-2d8df46b91.svg);-webkit-mask-size:auto 16px;mask-size:auto 16px}.e4D{-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/pinterest-0a16323764.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/pinterest-0a16323764.svg)}.E-s{-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/snapchat-b047dd44ba.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/snapchat-b047dd44ba.svg)}.xr8{-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/globe-18d84c6cec.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/globe-18d84c6cec.svg)}.coW{-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/youtube-79c586d928.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/youtube-79c586d928.svg)}.b18{-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/x-ca75d0a04e.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/x-ca75d0a04e.svg)}.Ag6{color:#402d23;width:100%;margin:0 auto 40px;padding:0 var(--pageGutter);position:relative}.Ag6:before{bottom:.5rem;content:"";display:block;height:30px;width:30px;margin:auto 0;background:currentColor;-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/search-19aaf10bb2.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/search-19aaf10bb2.svg);-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:100%;mask-size:100%;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;right:var(--pageGutter)}.KY9{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.9375rem;margin:auto}.lix{background:transparent;border:none;border-bottom:1px solid;color:currentColor;display:block;font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-size:2.5rem;line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.055em;text-transform:capitalize;margin:auto;padding:0 40px .5rem 0;width:100%;appearance:none}.lix::placeholder{color:currentColor;opacity:.5}.Ui6.Ag6{height:100%;width:calc(100% - 90px);max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);padding:0 var(--pageGutter);margin:0 0 0 auto;border:none;display:flex;align-items:flex-end}.Ui6:before{left:var(--pageGutter);bottom:.5rem}.Ui6 .lix{font-size:1.5rem;width:100%;padding:0 0 .5rem 2.5rem;margin:0}.lix::-ms-clear,.lix::-ms-reveal{display:none;width:0;height:0}.lix::-webkit-search-decoration,.lix::-webkit-search-cancel-button,.lix::-webkit-search-results-button,.lix::-webkit-search-results-decoration{display:none}.lix:focus{outline:none}@media (min-width: 768px){.Ag6{margin-bottom:60px}.KY9{font-size:1rem}.lix{font-size:3.125rem;padding-top:.75rem}.Ui6.Ag6{width:calc(100% - 239px)}.Ui6 .lix{font-size:1.75rem;padding-bottom:.4rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.Ag6{margin-bottom:80px;padding-left:var(--logoMarginWidth)}.lix{font-size:5rem;padding-top:1.25rem}.KY9{font-size:1.25rem}.Ui6.Ag6{width:400px}}.Jqo{position:relative;z-index:var(--zIndexNav)}.zaM{-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;position:fixed;inset:-200% 0 0;overflow:hidden;transform:translate3d(0,-120%,0);transition:transform .5s,top 0s linear .8s;color:var(--slot5)}.zaM:before{background:#fff;content:"";position:absolute;inset:0 0 50%}.K8W{height:100%;overflow:scroll;position:relative;width:100%}.n7w{display:none}.wJ6:checked~.zaM{transform:translateZ(0);transition:transform .5s,top 0s;top:0}.YxB{display:grid;grid-template-rows:repeat(3,auto);grid-template-columns:auto 1fr}.hbV{grid-row:1;grid-column:1 / -1;margin-bottom:var(--pageGutter);transform:translateY(-100%);transition:transform .5s,opacity .25s;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.wYL:checked~.zaM .hbV{transform:translateY(0);opacity:1}.wYL:checked~.zaM .nyh,.wYL:checked~.zaM .BRg{opacity:0;pointer-events:none}.wYL:checked~.zaM .gpr{transition:opacity .5s;pointer-events:all;opacity:1}.wJ6:checked~.zaM .xkd,.wJ6:checked~.zaM .fNG,.wJ6:checked~.zaM i{display:block}.izh{grid-row:1;grid-column:1;width:75px;margin:var(--pageGutter)}.xkd{position:relative;display:block;width:100%;padding-top:122.5%}.xkd svg{position:absolute;top:0;height:100%;width:100%;fill:var(--slot5)}.KjX,.gpr{grid-row:1;grid-column:2;justify-self:end;display:flex}.wVE,.gpr{position:relative;height:54px;width:54px;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;cursor:pointer}.wVE{pointer-events:auto;z-index:1}.BRg{color:var(--slot5)}.gpr{pointer-events:none;opacity:0;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.nyh:after{content:"";width:30px;height:30px;background-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/search-19aaf10bb2.svg);background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:100%}.BRg:after,.BRg:before,.gpr:after,.gpr:before{content:"";position:absolute;width:2px;height:40px;background:currentColor}.BRg:before,.gpr:before{transform:rotate(45deg)}.BRg:after,.gpr:after{transform:rotate(-45deg)}.Q-u{grid-row:4;grid-column:1;align-self:end;justify-self:flex-start;margin:0 0 2rem var(--pageGutter)}.Q-u a{height:30px;width:30px;margin-right:var(--pageGutter);border:1px solid var(--slot5);border-radius:50%}.Q-u i{display:none;background:var(--slot5);transform:scale(.75)}.iX3{grid-row:2;grid-column:1 / -1;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;row-gap:.5rem;padding:var(--pageGutter)}.f0q,.urt{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.625rem;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slot5)}.urt{width:75%;padding-right:33%}.f0q{width:25%;padding-right:var(--pageGutter)}.EN6{grid-row:3;grid-column:1 / -1;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;padding:1rem var(--pageGutter) 1.25rem}.fNG{background-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/bdg_logo-a6c2dcbba1.svg);background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;margin:0;height:32px;width:72px;flex:none}.jhc{display:inline-block;padding:0;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;background:none;cursor:pointer}.eAo{position:relative}.fdE{display:block;font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-size:3.75rem;line-height:.9;letter-spacing:-.055rem;margin-top:-1.1rem;position:relative;padding:1rem var(--pageGutter) 2rem;z-index:1}.fdE:before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0 -20%;background:inherit;z-index:-1}.fdE:focus,.hkL:focus{outline:none}.eAo .fdE{color:#000;background:#7ce2a5}.eAo .fdE:nth-child(2){color:#000;background:#f9ce60}.eAo .fdE:nth-child(3){color:#019aac;background:#d1d3bd}.eAo .fdE:nth-child(4){color:#d2b5eb;background:#da5a3d}.eAo .fdE:nth-child(odd){transform:rotate(-2.2deg);text-align:right;transform-origin:top right}.eAo .fdE:nth-child(2n){transform:rotate(2.2deg);transform-origin:top left}@media (min-width: 768px){.eAo{margin-top:2rem}.YxB{grid-template-rows:1fr repeat(2,auto)}.izh{grid-row:1 / -1;width:214px}.Q-u{align-self:start;justify-self:start;margin:var(--pageGutter)}.iX3,.EN6{grid-column:2}.f0q{font-size:1rem}.urt{font-size:.75rem}.fdE{font-size:6.25rem;padding:var(--pageGutter) 1.75rem calc(4.5vw + 30px);margin-bottom:calc(-5.5vw - 30px)}.eAo .fdE:last-child{padding-bottom:5vw}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.eAo{margin-top:0}.YxB{grid-template-columns:auto 1fr 400px;grid-template-rows:auto 1fr;margin-bottom:-6.25rem}.izh{width:200px}.iX3{grid-row:1;grid-column:2;padding:2rem var(--pageGutter) 1.5rem}.f0q{width:auto;font-size:.75rem;padding-right:2.5rem}.EN6{grid-row:1;grid-column:3;padding-bottom:unset;width:60%}.urt{width:auto;padding:.5rem 0 0 var(--pageGutter);font-size:.6875rem}.KjX,.gpr{grid-column:3;margin:var(--pageGutter) var(--pageGutter) 0 0}.Q-u{grid-column:2;grid-row:2;margin-top:0}.fdE{font-size:7.5rem}.fdE,.fdE:hover{transition:transform .15s}.eAo .fdE:nth-child(odd):hover{transform:rotate(-2.2deg) translateY(-30px)}.eAo .fdE:nth-child(2n):hover{transform:rotate(2.2deg) translateY(-30px)}.wYL:checked~.zaM .hbV{transform:translateY(100%)}}@font-face{font-family:Balto;font-display:swap;src:url(https://cdn2c.bustle.com/2025/mic/baltoweb-book20210630-13-dglu7m-a5fc97cc50.woff2) format("woff2")}@font-face{font-family:Balto;font-display:swap;font-style:italic;src:url(https://cdn2c.bustle.com/2025/mic/baltoweb-bookitalic20210630-13-s02k18-a1156fde14.woff2) format("woff2")}@font-face{font-family:Balto;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://cdn2c.bustle.com/2025/mic/baltoweb-medium20210630-13-ecwey3-f06bb3c91a.woff2) format("woff2")}@font-face{font-family:Balto;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;font-style:italic;src:url(https://cdn2c.bustle.com/2025/mic/baltoweb-mediumitalic20210630-13-l2uguq-3bcf361111.woff2) format("woff2")}@font-face{font-family:Obviously;font-display:swap;src:url(https://cdn2c.bustle.com/2025/mic/Obviously-Wide-4d3691d8d6.woff2) format("woff2")}@font-face{font-family:Obviously;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://cdn2c.bustle.com/2025/mic/Obviously-Wide_Medium-385aec84b6.woff2) format("woff2")}@font-face{font-family:Sainte Colombe;font-display:swap;font-weight:700;src:url(https://cdn2c.bustle.com/2025/mic/saintecolombeweb-regular-581c593938.woff2) format("woff2")}@font-face{font-family:Sainte Colombe;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://cdn2c.bustle.com/2025/mic/saintecolombeweb-italic-ac61147c4c.woff2) format("woff2")}::selection{background:var(--slot4);color:var(--slot3)}*,*:before,*:after{box-sizing:inherit}html{box-sizing:border-box;font-size:var(--fontSizeRoot);line-height:var(--lineHeightStandard);-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0,0,0,0)}body{background:var(--slot2);color:var(--slot1);font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);margin:0;overflow-y:scroll;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}a{color:var(--slot1);background:transparent;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;word-wrap:break-word}h1,h2,h3,h4{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);margin:2rem 0 1rem;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;line-height:1.2}p,blockquote{margin:32px 0}button{border:none}cite{font-style:normal}img{max-width:100%;border:0;backface-visibility:hidden;transform:translateZ(0)}iframe{border:0}::placeholder{color:#ccc}.UdU{display:flex}.UdU>div:before,.hzA.UdU:before{display:block;width:100%;height:var(--minAdSpacing);position:absolute;top:0;color:var(--slot1);content:"ADVERTISEMENT";font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.65rem;letter-spacing:.2em;line-height:var(--minAdSpacing);opacity:.6;word-break:normal;text-align:center}.UdU>div{margin:auto;padding:var(--minAdSpacing) 0}.hzA.UdU{background-color:var(--adBackgroundColor);padding:var(--minAdSpacing) 0}.hzA.UdU>div{padding:0}.hzA.UdU>div:before{content:none}.vmZ{min-width:1px;min-height:1px}.EdX{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;transition:opacity .3s}.ap2{position:relative;width:100%}.ap2 .EdX{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%}.dSy{object-fit:cover;position:absolute;top:0;left:0}.vB9{background:#e1e1e140}.vB9 .EdX{opacity:0}.EdX video::-webkit-media-controls-enclosure{display:none}.zzk{min-width:1px;min-height:1px;overflow-x:hidden;position:relative;text-align:center;z-index:0}.APH{overflow-y:hidden}.pCo,.pCo>div,.pCo>div>div{width:100%;margin:auto;max-width:100vw;text-align:center;overflow:visible;z-index:300}.pCo{min-height:var(--minAdHeight)}.pCo>div{position:sticky;top:var(--headerHeightStickyScrollableAd)}@media screen and (max-width: 1024px){.k_e{grid-row-end:auto!important}}.stickyScrollableRailAd>div{position:sticky;top:var(--headerHeightStickyScrollableAd);margin-top:0!important;padding-bottom:var(--minAdSpacing)}.Ldt{min-height:var(--minAdHeightStickyScrollable)}.Ldt>div{margin-top:0!important}.GQx [id^=google_ads_iframe]{height:0}.JUn,.Hwz,.LWq,.HuM{height:1px}.HuM>div{overflow:hidden}#oopAdWrapperParent:not(:empty){background-color:var(--adBackgroundColor);min-height:var(--minAdHeightVideo);margin-bottom:var(--minAdSpacing)!important;z-index:var(--zIndexOverlay)}#oopAdWrapper:not(:empty),#oopAdWrapper:empty+div{background-color:var(--adBackgroundColor);z-index:var(--zIndexOverlay)}#oopAdWrapper>div>div{margin:0 auto}.fc-ab-root .fc-dialog-container .fc-close{display:none!important}.buT,.TX9{background:none;border:none;margin:0;width:32px;height:32px;position:absolute;bottom:3px;cursor:pointer;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center}.buT{left:40px;background-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/pause-bd49d74afd.svg)}.Am5{background-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/play-3e2dff83eb.svg)}.TX9{left:6px;background-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/unmute-9a8cd4cbb8.svg)}.D5o{background-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/mute-ea100a50bf.svg)}.ne7{align-items:center;background:var(--slot3);color:var(--slot5);display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding:0 var(--pageGutter)}.zQW{color:var(--slot4);font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-size:4.5rem;height:200%;letter-spacing:-.065em;line-height:1;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;transform:rotate(-19deg);width:200%}.A6T{align-items:center;background:var(--slot2);display:flex;flex-direction:column;left:var(--pageGutter);margin:auto;max-width:500px;padding:var(--pageGutter);position:absolute;right:var(--pageGutter);z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.egB{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:1.5rem;letter-spacing:-.06em;line-height:1.1;margin:1rem 0 2rem;text-align:center}.jtK{border:2px solid;color:var(--slot5);display:block;position:relative;background:var(--slot2);font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:.875rem;line-height:.9;letter-spacing:-.06em;text-transform:uppercase;text-align:left;padding:1rem 5rem 1rem var(--pageGutter)}.jtK:after{background:var(--slot5);bottom:0;content:"";height:15px;margin:auto;-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/arrowhead_mobile-3e49e101c0.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/arrowhead_mobile-3e49e101c0.svg);-webkit-mask-size:100%;mask-size:100%;right:0;position:absolute;top:0;transform:rotate(90deg);width:30px}.jtK:before{background:var(--slot5);bottom:0;content:"";height:2px;margin:auto;right:10px;position:absolute;top:0;width:45px}@media (min-width: 768px){.zQW{font-size:6rem;width:150%}.A6T{padding:2rem}.egB{font-size:2rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.zQW{font-size:7.5rem}.A6T{max-width:900px;padding:2rem 4rem}.egB{font-size:2.5rem}}.he5{position:relative;width:1px;height:1px;margin-top:-1px;min-height:1px}.hwi{top:50vh}.h4R{top:-50vh}.h5Q{height:1px;margin:0 auto;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);width:calc(100% - var(--pageGutter) - var(--pageGutter))}:root{--primaryColor: var(--slot4);--textColor: var(--slot1);--metaColor: var(--slot5);--navColor: var(--slot5);--imageBackgroundColor: rgba(225, 225, 225, .25);--adBackgroundColor: rgba(225, 225, 225, .25);--headerHeight: 70px;--pageGutter: .75rem;--bodyGutter: .75rem;--verticalCardSpacing: 3rem;--maxContainerWidth: 1440px;--maxBodyWidth: 940px;--maxFeatureBodyWidth: 824px;--maxFeatureContentWidth: 1252px;--viewportHeight: 100vh;--cardMinHeight: 500px;--cardMaxHeight: 800px;--minAdSpacing: 2rem;--minAdHeight: calc(var(--minAdSpacing) * 2 + 250px);--minAdHeightStickyScrollable: calc(var(--minAdSpacing) * 2 + 400px);--minAdHeightVideo: 188px;--headerHeightStickyScrollableAd: var(--minAdSpacing);--mobiledocSpacing: 1.5rem;--mobiledocIndent: 1.5rem;--cardAuthorSpacing: .5rem;--logoMarginWidth: 130px;--controlSpacing: 4rem;--fontFamilyHeadingSerif: "Sainte Colombe", serif;--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif: "Obviously", sans-serif;--fontFamilyBody: "Balto", Arial, sans-serif;--fontSizeRoot: 16px;--lineHeightStandard: 1.3;--fontWeightLight: 300;--fontWeightRegular: 400;--fontWeightBold: 700;--transitionHover: .2s;--easeOutQuart: cubic-bezier(.25, .46, .45, .94);--zIndexNeg: -1;--zIndexBackground: 0;--zIndexContent: 100;--zIndexOverContent: 200;--zIndexFloatAd: 300;--zIndexPopUp: 400;--zIndexFloating: 500;--zIndexNav: 600;--zIndexOverlay: 700}@media (min-width: 768px){:root{--minAdSpacing: 2.5rem;--bodyGutter: 5rem;--cardMinHeight: 600px}}@media (min-width: 1025px){:root{--verticalCardSpacing: 4.5rem}} </style><style data-href="https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/commons-1-26dee4861f.css">.sWr{height:100%;width:100%;position:relative}.jWY{height:100vh;background-color:var(--cardBackgroundColor);overflow:hidden}.asF{height:100%;max-height:none;background-color:var(--cardBackgroundColor);overflow:hidden}.btA{background:var(--slot8);overflow:hidden}.iGR{height:auto;min-height:0;overflow:hidden}.M7K{position:absolute;bottom:var(--cardAuthorSpacing);left:var(--pageGutter);color:var(--navColor);font-size:.6875rem;letter-spacing:.02em;max-width:80%}.L7S{opacity:0}.TGq{opacity:0;will-change:transform;animation:aBP .2s var(--easeOutQuart) .1s forwards}@keyframes aBP{0%{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}@media (min-width: 768px){.iGR{min-height:0}}.JOT{min-height:1rem;font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.625rem;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:.02em;color:var(--slot1)}.KS5{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;margin:auto}.Izs,.cWT,.c3b{margin:0 0 .25rem;white-space:nowrap}.KS5 .PWd{margin:auto 0}.Fsv .KS5{flex-direction:row;align-items:center}.Fsv .Izs,.Fsv .cWT,.Fsv .c3b{margin:0 .5rem 0 0}@media (min-width: 768px){.Fsv .KS5{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-end}.Fsv .Izs,.Fsv .cWT,.Fsv .c3b{margin:0 0 .5rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.eFu .KS5{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start}.eFu .Izs,.eFu .cWT,.eFu .c3b{margin:0 auto .5rem 0}}.cCV{padding:0}.Rfb{min-width:1px;min-height:1px;position:relative}.kOK{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;transition:opacity .4s;object-fit:cover}.sMW{position:relative;width:100%}.U-k{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%}.NUO{background:var(--imageBackgroundColor, rgba(225, 225, 225, .25))}.M_P{cursor:pointer;width:48px;height:48px;pointer-events:all}.M_P:after{display:block;content:" ";margin:auto}.KAj{filter:brightness(.85)}.pxF{position:relative;min-width:1px;min-height:1px}.N4z{display:block;transition:opacity .2s linear;width:100%;height:100%}.j-j{background:var(--imageBackgroundColor, rgba(225, 225, 225, .25))}.j-j .N4z{opacity:0}.N4z::-webkit-media-controls-enclosure{display:none}.mvL .N4z{position:absolute;top:0;left:0}.JHj{align-self:end;justify-self:end;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.LJm{display:flex;width:54px;height:54px;border:2px solid;border-radius:50%}.LJm:after{width:24px;height:24px;-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/audio-58f66c2fdf.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/audio-58f66c2fdf.svg);background:currentColor}.nKF:after{-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/muted-931464476f.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/muted-931464476f.svg)}.B0j:after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;background:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/halftone_texture-492009aa04.png);mix-blend-mode:soft-light}.gsz{height:var(--viewportHeight);min-height:var(--cardMinHeight);max-height:var(--cardMaxHeight);margin:0 auto;position:relative}.gsz .aVX{margin:0}.oL7{height:100%;width:100%}.r87{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.02em}.r87 p{margin:0 0 1rem}.Vms{display:block;font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.5rem;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:.02em}.Vms a,.r87 a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline}.mFJ{display:none}.boW{position:absolute;height:var(--headerHeight);padding:.5rem 0;left:100px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;z-index:var(--zIndexOverContent)}.Mt9{color:inherit}.F8T{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.625rem;line-height:1}@media (min-width: 768px){.boW{height:147px;left:140px}.r87{font-size:1rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.Vms{font-size:.6875rem}.boW{height:unset;top:147px;left:0;padding-left:.75rem}}.JD9{width:100%;height:100%;background:var(--slot8);color:var(--slot11)}.Ak6{display:grid;grid-template-rows:minmax(20vh,30vh) auto 1fr;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);padding:108px var(--pageGutter) 2rem}.rf3.Ak6{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.daF,.j29{grid-row:1;grid-column:1}.daF{overflow:hidden;position:relative}.geM{object-fit:cover}.j29{text-align:right;margin:.25rem;align-self:end;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.R1N{grid-row:2;grid-column:1;margin:.75rem 0 1rem}.cS4{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:inherit;font-weight:var(--fontWeightRegular);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.06em;text-transform:uppercase}.cS4 em{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-style:normal}.uRt{color:var(--slot10);grid-row:3;grid-column:1}._9y{font-size:1.25rem}.ROm{font-size:1.5rem}.rRO{font-size:1.875rem}.LjQ{font-size:2.375rem}.ZaC{font-size:3rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.Ak6{grid-template-rows:minmax(30vh,44vh) auto 1fr;padding-top:160px}.uRt{max-width:80%}._9y{font-size:1.25rem}.ROm{font-size:1.625rem}.rRO{font-size:2.125rem}.LjQ{font-size:2.5rem}.ZaC{font-size:3.125rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.Ak6{grid-template-rows:150px 1fr repeat(2,auto) 2fr;grid-template-columns:345px 1fr;grid-column-gap:var(--pageGutter);padding:var(--pageGutter)}.daF,.j29{grid-column:2;grid-row:1 / -1}.R1N{grid-row:3;grid-column:1}.uRt{grid-row:4;grid-column:1;max-width:unset}.tN4{font-size:1.25rem}.wfd{font-size:1.75rem}.it9{font-size:2.25rem}.PIy{font-size:2.75rem}.Pzd{font-size:3.25rem}}.SIZ{height:var(--viewportHeight);min-height:var(--cardMinHeight);max-height:var(--cardMaxHeight);width:100%;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.SIZ p,.SIZ h2{margin:0}.SIZ a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline}.DwG{height:100%;width:100%}.LSz{object-fit:cover}.qeY{display:block;font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.5rem;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:.02em}.YV5{display:none}.hZ6{position:absolute;height:var(--headerHeight);padding:.5rem 0;left:100px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;z-index:var(--zIndexOverContent)}.l-g{color:inherit}.Eo9{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.625rem;line-height:1}@media (min-width: 768px){.hZ6{height:147px;left:140px}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.qeY{font-size:.6875rem}.hZ6{height:unset;top:147px;left:0;padding-left:.75rem}}.ZER{width:100%;height:100%;background:var(--slot8);color:var(--slot11)}.Rtq{display:grid;grid-template-rows:1fr repeat(3,auto);grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);margin:0 auto;padding:120px var(--pageGutter) var(--pageGutter)}._dN.Rtq{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.VlA{grid-row:4;grid-column:2 / -1}.LOd{grid-row:3;grid-column:2 / -1;justify-self:end;text-align:right;margin-bottom:.25rem}.CrK{grid-row:1 / 4;grid-column:1 / 3;margin-bottom:-2rem;position:relative}.Qzz{height:100%;width:100%}.DfU{object-fit:contain;object-position:center bottom}.DoW{grid-row:1;grid-column:1 / -1;line-height:1.05;margin-bottom:1rem}.HqG p{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);letter-spacing:-.08em}.HqG h2{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:180%;letter-spacing:-.065em;text-transform:uppercase;line-height:1}.HqG *+*{padding-top:.75rem}.ucj{font-size:1.5rem}.b5p{font-size:2rem}.Mq9{font-size:2.5rem}.PVO{font-size:3.125rem}.k4z{font-size:3.75rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.Rtq{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,18%) repeat(2,1fr);padding-top:180px}.CrK{margin-bottom:-5rem}.HqG h2{font-size:250%}.ucj{font-size:1.75rem}.b5p{font-size:2.25rem}.Mq9{font-size:3.125rem}.PVO{font-size:4rem}.k4z{font-size:5rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.Rtq{grid-template-rows:70px 1fr repeat(2,auto);grid-template-columns:calc(var(--logoMarginWidth) + 100px) repeat(2,1fr);padding-top:var(--pageGutter);grid-column-gap:var(--pageGutter)}.VlA{grid-row:4;grid-column:3}.LOd{grid-row:3;grid-column:3}.DoW{grid-row:2;grid-column:3}.HqG h2{font-size:200%}.HqG *+*{padding-top:1.25rem}.CrK{grid-row:1 / -1;grid-column:2;justify-self:center;width:30vw;max-width:460px;margin-bottom:unset}.DfU{object-position:center}.nh5{display:block;grid-row:1 / -1;grid-column:1;width:1px;height:100%;background:currentColor;justify-self:end}._XD{font-size:1.875rem}.wvk{font-size:2.5rem}.pi9{font-size:3.75rem}.lTt{font-size:5rem}.C9h{font-size:6.25rem}}@media (min-width: 1440px){.Rtq{grid-template-rows:120px 1fr repeat(2,auto)}}.Hof{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:0}.Qf5{--videoLinkUrlHeight: calc(100% - 75px) ;position:relative;margin:auto}.BQA{margin:0}.rv9,.Afu{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.7rem;line-height:1;letter-spacing:.006em;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.rv9 a{color:inherit}.rv9 *{margin:0}.rv9 *+*{margin-top:1rem}.Afu{display:block}.H0B{display:none}.yX_{position:absolute;height:var(--headerHeight);padding:.5rem 0;left:100px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;z-index:var(--zIndexOverContent)}.IHX{color:inherit}.YOV{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.625rem;line-height:1}.RlV>div:first-child{padding-top:150%}.RlV img{object-fit:contain;inset:0;position:absolute}@media (min-width: 768px){.yX_{height:147px;left:140px}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.rv9{font-size:1rem}.yX_{height:unset;top:147px;left:0;padding-left:.75rem}.RlV>div:first-child{padding-top:100%}}.MVF{display:grid;grid-template-rows:1fr auto;grid-template-columns:1fr 90px;width:100%;height:var(--viewportHeight);min-height:var(--cardMinHeight);max-height:var(--cardMaxHeight);padding:var(--headerHeight) var(--pageGutter) var(--pageGutter);background:var(--slot8);color:var(--slot10)}.xuJ.MVF{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.YyI,.aFL{grid-row:1;grid-column:1 / -1;position:relative}.poO,.YyI :first-child{object-fit:contain}.bxT{grid-row:2;grid-column:1;font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.065em;margin-top:1rem}.bxT a{text-decoration:underline}.bdM{grid-row:2;grid-column:2;margin-top:1rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.MVF{grid-template-rows:1fr auto 80px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);padding-top:160px}.bxT{font-size:1rem}.bdM{grid-row:3}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.MVF{grid-template-rows:200px 1fr;grid-template-columns:calc(var(--logoMarginWidth) + 100px) 1fr;grid-column-gap:var(--pageGutter);padding-top:var(--pageGutter)}.bxT,.bdM{grid-row:2}.YyI,.aFL{grid-row:1 / -1;grid-column:2}.YyI{margin:0 120px}.JHP{display:block;grid-row:1 / -1;grid-column:1;width:1px;height:100%;background:currentColor;justify-self:end}}@media (min-width: 1440px){.MVF{--sideMarginWidth: calc((100vw - var(--maxContainerWidth)) / 2 + var(--pageGutter));padding-left:var(--sideMarginWidth);padding-right:var(--sideMarginWidth)}}.XUu{min-width:1px;min-height:260px;position:relative}.XUu>*{margin:0 auto}.Jen{position:absolute;inset:0;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.RK- .Jen{background:#fafafa;border:1px solid rgb(219,219,219);border-radius:4px}.W3A{color:inherit;display:block;height:3rem;width:3rem;padding:.75rem}.W3A i{display:none}.RK- .W3A{height:1.5rem;width:1.5rem}.RK- .W3A i{display:inline-block;background-color:#bebebe;transform:scale(.75)}.bwd{padding-top:56.25%;position:relative;min-height:210px}.TVx{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%}._-W{min-height:210px}.fb_iframe_widget iframe,.fb_iframe_widget span{max-width:100%!important}.tu9{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%}.wHQ{position:relative}.zDQ{min-width:1px;min-height:180px;margin:-10px 0}.zDQ>iframe{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%)}.UyF{width:1px;min-width:100%!important;min-height:100%}.BCT{position:relative;min-height:500px;display:flex;align-items:center;text-align:center}.BCT:after{content:"";display:block;clear:both}.A7C{float:left;padding-bottom:210px}.yzx{position:absolute;inset:0;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.MJ1 .yzx{background:#fafafa;border:1px solid rgb(219,219,219);border-radius:4px}.GmH{color:inherit;display:block;height:3rem;width:3rem;padding:.5rem}.GmH i{display:none}.MJ1 .GmH i{display:inline-block;background-color:#bebebe}@media (min-width: 768px){.A7C{padding-bottom:160px}}.jOH{width:400px;height:558px;overflow:hidden;max-width:100%}.US1{aspect-ratio:16 / 9;position:relative}.GFB{min-height:300px}.GFB iframe{background:#fff}.P4c{display:flex;min-height:600px;min-width:325px;max-width:605px;margin:auto}.P4c>*{margin:0 auto;flex:1}.Duw{display:flex;width:100%;height:100%;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.nv3 .Duw{background:#fafafa;border:1px solid rgb(219,219,219);border-radius:4px}.nHf{color:inherit;display:block;height:3rem;width:3rem;padding:.5rem}.nv3 .nHf i{background:#bebebe}.Muh{padding-top:56.25%;position:relative}.KTw{padding-top:100%;position:relative}.L3D{position:relative;padding-top:175px}.uzt{position:relative;padding-top:380px}.z4F{position:relative;padding-top:228px}.O9g{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%}.Ygb{padding-top:100px;overflow:hidden}.Ygb .G6O{height:300px}.nk0{padding-top:calc(2 / 3 * 100%)}.r7X{padding-top:210px}.fp8{padding-top:220px}.J2L{padding-top:640px}.V8F{height:var(--viewportHeight);min-height:var(--cardMinHeight);max-height:var(--cardMaxHeight);margin:0 auto;position:relative}.V8F p,.V8F h2,.V8F h3{margin:0 0 1rem}.V8F a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline}.lM_{height:100%;width:100%}.Efa{object-fit:cover}.fUy{display:block;font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.5rem;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:.02em;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.NCc{position:absolute;height:var(--headerHeight);padding:.5rem 0;left:100px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;z-index:var(--zIndexOverContent)}.l3B{color:inherit}.Y4r{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.625rem;line-height:1}@media (min-width: 768px){.NCc{height:147px;left:140px}.fUy{font-size:.6875rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.NCc{height:unset;top:147px;left:0;padding-left:.75rem}}.vgf{color:var(--slot1);font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);padding:.5rem 0 0;line-height:.9rem}.t8s{font-size:.65rem;padding-bottom:.15rem}.lAq{font-weight:var(--fontWeightBold);font-size:.75rem}.ZWe{width:100%;height:100%;background:var(--slot10);color:var(--slot8)}.hQv{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;padding:var(--headerHeight) var(--pageGutter) 1.25rem}._JF.hQv{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.Su-{position:absolute;inset:0}.bCj{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;height:var(--headerHeight);padding:.5rem .75rem;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;text-align:right}.Kmx{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);line-height:1.35;letter-spacing:-.065em;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.CPW h2,.CPW h3{font-family:inherit;font-weight:var(--fontWeightRegular);line-height:1;text-align:right;text-transform:uppercase}.CPW h2{font-size:200%}.CPW h3{font-size:140%}.z5v:before{content:"\2014 "}.nWl{font-size:.75rem}.BNR{font-size:.875rem}.l0d{font-size:1rem}.Zgj{font-size:1.25rem}.E_C{font-size:1.5rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.hQv{padding-top:150px}.CPW h2{font-size:166%}.bCj{top:0;right:unset;left:128px;padding:.75rem;justify-content:flex-start}.nWl{font-size:1.5rem}.BNR{font-size:1.75rem}.l0d{font-size:1.875rem}.Zgj{font-size:2rem}.E_C{font-size:2.25rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.Kmx{width:100%;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);padding:0 var(--logoMarginWidth);margin:0 auto}.CPW h2{font-size:250%}.CPW h3{font-size:160%}.f2M{font-size:1.75rem}.JQX{font-size:1.875rem}.RMQ{font-size:2rem}._Bd{font-size:2.25rem}.B19{font-size:2.5rem}}.ooy{margin-left:40%}.wxt{margin-bottom:1rem;padding-top:100%;position:relative}.EaG .wxt{padding-top:85%}.mdu{object-fit:contain;position:absolute;top:0}.yS8{column-gap:.15rem;display:flex;padding:0}.yiq{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:1.4rem;letter-spacing:-.06em;line-height:1;margin-bottom:1.5rem;text-transform:uppercase}.EaG .yiq{margin-bottom:1rem;overflow:hidden;-webkit-line-clamp:5;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient:vertical}.O8F{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);margin:0 0 .5rem}.o75{column-gap:1rem;display:flex;font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:1.5rem;letter-spacing:-.06em;margin-bottom:1.25rem}.JEe .o75{margin:1.25rem 0 .5rem}.ksY{line-height:1.35}._N2{align-self:flex-start;font-size:1.25rem;position:relative}._N2:after{background:currentColor;bottom:0;content:"";height:2px;left:-.25rem;margin:auto;position:absolute;right:-.25rem;top:0}.XM6{font-size:1rem}._N2+.ksY:before{content:"On Sale";margin-right:.25rem}.RSA{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-size:.875rem;letter-spacing:-.02em;line-height:1.4;margin:0 0 1rem}.RSA a{border-bottom:2px solid}.LSl{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;text-align:center}.yMn{align-items:center;align-self:flex-end;background:transparent;border:2px solid;cursor:pointer;display:flex;font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:.625rem;font-weight:var(--fontWeightBold);justify-self:flex-end;letter-spacing:-.06em;line-height:1;max-width:60%;padding:.5rem;text-align:left;text-transform:uppercase}.jMM{background:currentColor;flex:none;width:1.5rem;height:2px;margin:auto 0 auto .5rem;position:relative}.jMM:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:1px;right:8px;transform:rotate(90deg);transform-origin:bottom right;background:currentColor;-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/arrowhead_mobile-3e49e101c0.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/arrowhead_mobile-3e49e101c0.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;height:9px;width:18px}@media (min-width: 768px){.wgi{grid-column:1;align-self:flex-end;justify-content:start;text-align:left}.RSA{font-size:.9rem}.LSl{justify-content:flex-start}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.yMn{font-size:.9rem}}.Clt{background:#ffffffe0;border:1px solid #e5e5e5;border-radius:6px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:1rem;padding:1rem;width:100%;font-family:var(--fontFamilySansSerif);box-shadow:0 4px 6px -1px #00000014,0 2px 4px -2px #00000014;transition:box-shadow .2s}.Qiz,.Igk{grid-column:1 / -1}.Igk{height:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:1rem}.P7H{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.15;margin:0 0 .5rem}.Idn{font-size:.7rem;line-height:1.2;padding:.75rem 0 1rem}.amG{align-self:center;height:24px;max-width:100px;grid-column:1;margin-left:.25rem}.yII{background:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/amazon-logo-06b41cef1d.svg) left / contain no-repeat}._kz{background:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/target-logo-1c98143553.svg) left / contain no-repeat}.T_-{background:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/walmart-logo-1825258248.svg) left / contain no-repeat}.nrz{padding-top:100%;position:relative;overflow:hidden}._JP{object-fit:contain;position:absolute;top:0}.srw{padding:0;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1;margin-right:.5rem;white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.G9t{align-self:end;font-size:1rem;margin-right:unset}.Ytj{font-size:1.2rem;opacity:.65;position:relative;text-decoration:line-through;margin-right:.75rem}.D3v{border:none;background-color:transparent;border-top:1px solid #e5e5e5;cursor:pointer;font-family:sans-serif;margin-top:.5rem;padding:.75rem 0 0;width:100%}.YMl{background:#131921;border-radius:6px;color:#fff;display:flex;font-size:1.1rem;font-weight:600;gap:.5rem;justify-content:center;padding:1rem;text-transform:capitalize;transition:background .2s}.Ytn{padding:.3rem 1.25rem;background:#ffb442;position:absolute;top:-5px;right:-5px;border-radius:40px;font-weight:600;font-size:.95rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.02rem}.YTg{display:grid;column-gap:1rem;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.amG,.srw{grid-row:1}.D3v{grid-column:1 / -1}@media (min-width: 768px){.Clt{padding:1.25rem;gap:1.25rem;grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr 1fr}.Clt:not(.h3t):hover{box-shadow:0 20px 25px -5px #0000001a,0 8px 10px -6px #0000001a}.Clt:not(.h3t):hover .YMl,.h3t .D3v:hover .YMl{background:#273344}.Clt:not(.h3t):hover .YMl:after,.h3t .D3v:hover .YMl:after{opacity:1;transform:translate3d(4px,0,0)}.Qiz{grid-column:1}.Igk{grid-column:2 / -1;gap:1.75rem}.P7H{font-size:1.75rem;margin:1.5rem 0 0}.YMl:after{content:"";width:20px;height:20px;margin-right:-18px;opacity:0;background:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/arrow-fc94c1aee2.svg);transition:transform .15s,opacity .3s}}.g0x{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;height:100%}.Lec a{color:inherit}.Ub_{object-position:bottom}.c6C{font-size:1.5rem}.cX_{font-size:1.25rem}.Iup .cX_{font-size:1rem}.kYN{color:inherit}.vfM{padding:var(--pageGutter);background:var(--slot3)}.vfM .Nc8{margin-top:0}@media (min-width: 768px){.Lec{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 240px;grid-template-rows:1fr auto;column-gap:.75rem}.qH2{grid-column:2;grid-row:1 / 7;margin:0}.Iup .c6C{-webkit-line-clamp:6}.vfM{padding:0 var(--logoMarginWidth)}.vfM .Lec{max-width:1024px}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.Lec{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.cX_{font-size:1.6rem}.Iup .cX_{font-size:1.25rem}.c6C{font-size:1.8rem}}.RXx{height:var(--viewportHeight);min-height:var(--cardMinHeight);max-height:var(--cardMaxHeight);margin:0 auto;position:relative}.RXx a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline}.sKi p,.sKi h2{font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;margin:0 0 1rem}.SXI{display:block;font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.5rem;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:.02em}.Dgz{position:absolute;height:var(--headerHeight);padding:.5rem 0;left:100px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;z-index:var(--zIndexOverContent)}.Bv7{color:inherit}.gTg{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.625rem;line-height:1}.l1b{display:none}@media (min-width: 768px){.Dgz{height:147px;left:140px}.SXI{font-size:.6875rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.Dgz{height:unset;top:147px;left:0;padding-left:.75rem}}.lFD{display:inline-block}.lFD a{color:inherit}.c4B{--textSize: 1.5rem}.b-6{--textSize: 1.75rem}.hdY{--textSize: 1.875rem}.h64{--textSize: 2rem}.ydI{--textSize: 2.25rem}.Mov{width:100%;height:100%;background:var(--slot8);color:var(--slot13)}.QkN{display:grid;grid-template-rows:repeat(4,auto) 1fr;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);width:100%;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);margin:0 auto;padding:110px var(--pageGutter) 2.5rem}.Z8A.QkN{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.QkN:before,.LxC:before{display:block;content:"";background:var(--slot9);-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/double_quote-0cf7a98272.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/double_quote-0cf7a98272.svg);-webkit-mask-size:cover;mask-size:cover}.QkN:before{grid-row:2;grid-column:1 / 3;width:111px;height:80px;margin-bottom:.5rem}.LxC:before{width:87px;height:63px;position:absolute;right:100%;top:0;transform:rotate(180deg)}.Vz_{grid-row:2;grid-column:3 / -1;margin-bottom:.5rem}.ToH{grid-row:1;grid-column:3 / -1;justify-self:end;text-align:right;margin:0 0 2px}.Gg8{grid-row:3;grid-column:1 / -1}.vS2{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:var(--textSize);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slot10)}.vS2 strong{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-weight:var(--fontWeightRegular)}.vS2 :last-child{margin-bottom:.5rem}.LxC{grid-row:4;grid-column:4;justify-self:end;position:relative}.M8g{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.875rem;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 0 0 var(--pageGutter)}@media (min-width: 768px){.c4B{--textSize: 2.75rem}.b-6{--textSize: 3rem}.hdY{--textSize: 3.25rem}.h64{--textSize: 3.75rem}.ydI{--textSize: 4rem}.QkN{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);padding-top:180px}.Vz_,.QkN:before{margin-bottom:1rem}.QkN:before{width:170px;height:123px}.LxC:before{width:114px;height:82px;position:unset}.LxC{grid-column:3;justify-self:start}.M8g{font-size:1rem;position:absolute;top:0;left:114px}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.aE9{--textSize: 3rem}.WGG{--textSize: 3.5rem}.tEg{--textSize: 3.75rem}.lhK{--textSize: 4rem}.oLw{--textSize: 4.5rem}.QkN{grid-template-columns:calc(var(--logoMarginWidth) + 100px) 60px 2fr 1fr;grid-column-gap:var(--pageGutter);padding:var(--pageGutter)}.QkN:before{grid-row:1;grid-column:3;width:165px;height:120px;margin-top:var(--pageGutter);margin-bottom:3rem}.Vz_,.ToH{grid-column:3;width:calc(var(--textSize) * 3)}.Vz_{grid-row:3}.ToH{grid-row:2;justify-self:start}.Gg8{grid-row:3;grid-column:3 / -1}.vS2{margin-top:-.2em;padding-right:1rem}.CWc:before{display:block;content:"";width:calc(var(--textSize) * 3 + 1rem);height:calc(var(--textSize) * 3);float:left}.vS2 :last-child{margin-bottom:1.5rem}.LxC{grid-row:4;grid-column:4}.uIW{display:block;grid-row:1 / -1;grid-column:1;width:1px;height:100%;background:var(--slot1);justify-self:end}}@media (min-width: 1440px){.aE9{--textSize: 3.5rem}.WGG{--textSize: 3.75rem}.tEg{--textSize: 4rem}.lhK{--textSize: 4.25rem}.oLw{--textSize: 4.5rem}.QkN{grid-template-columns:calc(var(--logoMarginWidth) + 100px) 100px 3fr 1fr}} </style><style data-href="https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/commons-2-68d3d6e530.css">.DU8{height:var(--viewportHeight);min-height:var(--cardMinHeight);max-height:var(--cardMaxHeight);margin:0 auto;position:relative}.DU8 p{margin:0}.DU8 a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline}.wyW{height:100%;width:100%}.IGQ{object-fit:cover}.Wvn{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:.02em}.cxX,.bSN{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:.02em}.cxX{font-size:.75rem}.bSN{font-size:.5rem}.PAf{display:none}.xA5{position:absolute;height:var(--headerHeight);padding:.5rem 0;left:100px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;z-index:var(--zIndexOverContent)}.LZY{color:inherit}.Qgw{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.625rem;line-height:1}@media (min-width: 768px){.Wvn{font-size:1rem}.cxX{font-size:.875rem}.xA5{height:147px;left:140px}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.bSN{font-size:.6875rem}.xA5{height:unset;top:147px;left:0;padding-left:.75rem}}.j79{width:100%;height:100%;background:var(--slot8);color:var(--slot10)}.fzO{--numeralSize: 3.75rem;display:grid;grid-template-rows:21vh repeat(2,auto) 9vh auto 1fr;grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:var(--headerHeight) var(--pageGutter) 2.5rem;width:100%;max-width:1800px;margin:0 auto}.NQD.fzO{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.xcl{position:relative}.FX8{grid-row:1}.JiC{grid-row:4}.FX8 .Kqx{object-position:center top}.JiC .Kqx{object-position:center bottom}.SfK{position:absolute;bottom:100%;right:0;text-align:right;margin-bottom:.25rem}.lfS{color:var(--slot11);grid-row:2;font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.04em;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;padding:1.5rem 0 1rem}.jOg{grid-row:3;font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.06em;padding-bottom:1rem}.gCX{grid-row:5;padding-top:1rem}.qra{font-size:3rem}.Jsb{font-size:3.5rem}.IdS{font-size:4rem}.mK2{font-size:4.75rem}.hqi{font-size:6rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.fzO{grid-template-rows:31vh repeat(2,auto) 18vh auto 1fr;padding-top:160px}.jOg{font-size:1.25rem}.qra{font-size:5rem}.Jsb{font-size:5.75rem}.IdS{font-size:6.25rem}.mK2{font-size:7rem}.hqi{font-size:8.5rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.fzO{grid-template-rows:1fr repeat(2,auto) 1fr auto;grid-template-columns:var(--logoMarginWidth) 16vw 1fr 24vw;padding:var(--pageGutter)}.FX8{grid-row:1 / -1;grid-column:4}.JiC{grid-row:1 / -1;grid-column:2}.FX8 .Kqx{object-position:right center}.JiC .Kqx{object-position:left center}.SfK{bottom:0;right:100%;margin:0 var(--pageGutter)}.lfS,.jOg,.gCX{grid-column:3;padding:0 var(--pageGutter)}.lfS{grid-row:2;padding-bottom:1.5rem}.jOg{grid-row:3;font-size:2.5rem}.gCX{grid-row:5}.nzx{font-size:4.5rem}.G7E{font-size:5.5rem}.yKj{font-size:8rem}.HNm{font-size:9rem}.e2Y{font-size:10rem}}@media (min-width: 1440px){.nzx{font-size:5.5rem}.G7E{font-size:6.5rem}.yKj{font-size:9rem}.HNm{font-size:10.5rem}.e2Y{font-size:12rem}}.pPW{width:100%;height:100%;background:var(--slot8);color:var(--slot10)}.Ae1{color:var(--slot11);display:grid;grid-template-rows:auto 2fr repeat(3,auto) 1fr 1.5rem;grid-template-columns:220px 1fr 20px;padding:105px var(--pageGutter) 0;width:100%;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);margin:0 auto}.Iwh.Ae1{height:100%;grid-template-rows:auto 2fr repeat(3,auto) 1fr var(--controlSpacing)}.lvr{grid-row:1;grid-column:1;position:relative;height:220px}.EVb{position:absolute;top:100%;margin-top:.25rem}._w9,.lxw,.iyN{grid-column:1 / -2;text-align:right}._w9{grid-row:3;font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);line-height:1;padding-bottom:2rem;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.lxw{color:var(--slot10);grid-row:4}.iyN{grid-row:5;padding-top:1rem}.NU6{display:block;grid-row:1 / -1;grid-column:3;width:1.5px;height:80%;background:currentColor;justify-self:center;align-self:end;position:relative}.NU6:before{content:"";display:block;position:absolute;height:10px;width:20px;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%);background:currentColor;-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/arrowhead_mobile-3e49e101c0.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/arrowhead_mobile-3e49e101c0.svg);-webkit-mask-size:100% 100%;mask-size:100% 100%}.Ptl{font-size:3rem}.ly-{font-size:3.75rem}.coe{font-size:5rem}.KBg{font-size:7rem}.O3Q{font-size:9rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.Ae1{grid-template-columns:360px 1fr 40px;padding-top:160px}.lvr{height:360px}.NU6:before{height:20px;width:40px;-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/arrowhead_desktop-76943c820a.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/arrowhead_desktop-76943c820a.svg)}.Ptl{font-size:6rem}.ly-{font-size:8rem}.coe{font-size:10rem}.KBg{font-size:12rem}.O3Q{font-size:15rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.Ae1{grid-template-rows:3fr repeat(3,auto) 1fr 2rem;grid-template-columns:calc(var(--logoMarginWidth) + 100px) 3fr 120px 2fr 120px;padding-top:var(--pageGutter)}.Iwh.Ae1{grid-template-rows:3fr repeat(3,auto) 1fr var(--controlSpacing)}.lvr{grid-row:1 / -2;grid-column:2;height:100%}.HnE{object-fit:contain;object-position:top left}._w9{grid-row:2;grid-column:2 / -2}.lxw{grid-row:3;grid-column:4}.iyN{grid-row:4;grid-column:4}.NU6{grid-column:5;height:90%}.mhh{font-size:7.5rem}.rNV{font-size:9rem}.RSZ{font-size:12rem}.S3c{font-size:14rem}.xwV{font-size:17rem}}.APi{width:100%;height:100%;background:var(--slot8);color:var(--slot10)}.iND{display:grid;grid-template-rows:auto 1fr repeat(2,auto) 2fr;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);grid-column-gap:var(--pageGutter);padding:105px var(--pageGutter) 1.5rem;width:100%;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);margin:0 auto}.cUg.iND{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.mdr{grid-row:1;grid-column:1;position:relative}.Pbb{height:unset}.MiS{margin-top:2px}.vJt{grid-row:1;grid-column:2}.kgO,.wT0{grid-column:1 / -1;font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);line-height:1;text-align:right}.kgO{color:var(--slot11);grid-row:3;letter-spacing:-.06em;padding-right:.06em;overflow-wrap:break-word;-webkit-text-fill-color:transparent;-webkit-text-stroke-width:1.5px;-webkit-text-stroke-color:currentColor;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.wT0{grid-row:4;font-size:.875rem;letter-spacing:.006em}.zle{font-size:5rem}.gH8{font-size:6.25rem}.mAV{font-size:7.5rem}.iVM{font-size:9rem}.tcv{font-size:11.25rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.iND{grid-template-columns:3fr 1fr 2fr;padding-top:180px}.vJt{grid-column:3}.kgO{-webkit-text-stroke-width:2.4px}.zle{font-size:10rem}.gH8{font-size:14rem}.mAV{font-size:18rem}.iVM{font-size:20rem}.tcv{font-size:22.5rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.iND{grid-template-rows:1fr repeat(2,auto);grid-template-columns:calc(var(--logoMarginWidth) + 100px) repeat(3,1fr);padding:var(--pageGutter)}.mdr{grid-column:2}.vJt{grid-column:4;padding-top:3.25rem}.kgO{grid-row:1 / 3;grid-column:1 / -1;line-height:.9;align-self:end}.wT0{grid-row:3;grid-column:2 / -1}.eSf{display:block;grid-row:1 / -1;grid-column:1;width:1px;height:100%;background:var(--slot11);justify-self:end}.cu5{font-size:14.5rem}.Uf9{font-size:18rem}.ZTB{font-size:24rem}.wmt{font-size:27rem}._l0{font-size:30rem}}@media (min-width: 1440px){.cu5{font-size:18rem}.Uf9{font-size:21rem}}.uZ5{--textSize: 2rem}.ii4{--textSize: 2.25rem}.wYt{--textSize: 2.5rem}.izS{--textSize: 2.75rem}.whA{--textSize: 3rem}.Tum{width:100%;height:100%;background:var(--slot8);color:var(--slot11)}.HEt{display:flex;flex-direction:column;width:100%;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);padding:120px var(--pageGutter) 2rem}.XKR.HEt{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.HeY{margin-bottom:2rem}.pwg{display:inline;font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:var(--textSize);font-weight:var(--fontWeightRegular);line-height:.95;letter-spacing:-.06em}.pwg em{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-style:normal}.OVI{margin-top:.5rem}.FDa{width:87px;height:49px}.Ta5{line-height:1;margin-top:2px}@media (min-width: 768px){.uZ5{--textSize: 5rem}.ii4{--textSize: 5.25rem}.wYt{--textSize: 5.5rem}.izS{--textSize: 5.75rem}.whA{--textSize: 6.25rem}.HEt{padding-top:150px}.HeY{margin-bottom:2.75rem}.pwg,.OVI{display:inline}.OVI{--imageSize: calc(var(--textSize) * .8);display:inline-block;position:relative;width:calc(var(--imageSize) * 16 / 9);height:var(--imageSize);margin-left:1rem;margin-top:0}.FDa{width:100%;height:100%}.Ta5{position:absolute;top:100%}.qm8{color:var(--slot10);max-width:80%}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.DWQ{--textSize: 5.75rem}.iSu{--textSize: 6rem}.Rlf{--textSize: 6.25rem}.MHL{--textSize: 6.5rem}.dp2{--textSize: 7rem}.HEt{padding-top:120px}.HeY,.qm8{padding-left:calc(var(--logoMarginWidth) + 100px)}.qm8{max-width:60%}}.cUF{width:100%;height:100%;background:var(--slot8);color:var(--slot11)}.fQd{display:grid;grid-template-rows:auto 1fr repeat(2,auto);grid-template-columns:1fr 3fr;width:100%;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);padding:var(--headerHeight) var(--pageGutter) 2rem}.Zn3.fQd{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.Vo4{grid-row:1;grid-column:2;text-align:right;margin-bottom:.25rem}.hJa{grid-row:2;grid-column:2;overflow:hidden;position:relative}.y5h{object-fit:contain;object-position:top right}.Bal{grid-row:3;grid-column:1 / -1;margin:.75rem 0 1rem}.gai{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-size:inherit;font-weight:var(--fontWeightRegular);line-height:1.05;letter-spacing:-.06em}.Lgb{color:var(--slot10);grid-row:4;grid-column:1 / -1}.Doa{font-size:1.5rem}.vWV{font-size:2rem}.RzU{font-size:2.5rem}.XJV{font-size:3.125rem}.npW{font-size:3.75rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.fQd{grid-template-rows:repeat(2,auto) 1fr repeat(2,auto);grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);padding-top:10px}.hJa{padding-top:100%;align-self:start}.WhP{position:absolute;top:0}.Bal{grid-row:4;margin:0 0 1.5rem}.Lgb{grid-row:5}.Doa{font-size:2.125rem}.vWV{font-size:3rem}.RzU{font-size:3.75rem}.XJV{font-size:4.75rem}.npW{font-size:5.75rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.fQd{grid-template-rows:3rem auto 1fr repeat(2,auto);grid-template-columns:calc(var(--logoMarginWidth) + 100px) 3fr 2fr;grid-column-gap:var(--pageGutter);padding:var(--pageGutter)}.Vo4{grid-column:3;grid-row:2}.hJa{grid-column:3;grid-row:3}.Bal{grid-row:1 / 4;grid-column:2}.Lgb{grid-row:5;grid-column:2;width:50%}.NOw{display:block;grid-row:1 / -1;grid-column:1;width:1px;height:100%;background:var(--slot11);justify-self:end}.Lgb :last-child{margin-bottom:0}.OYW{font-size:3.75rem}.qgN{font-size:4.375rem}.ZQG{font-size:5rem}.UWA{font-size:6.25rem}.hfi{font-size:7.5rem}}.JbP{width:100%;height:100%;background:linear-gradient(var(--slot8),var(--slot8) 40%,var(--slot9) 40%);color:var(--slot4)}.Fmp{display:grid;grid-template-rows:repeat(2,1fr);grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);padding-top:var(--headerHeight)}.PV-.Fmp{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.BpV{grid-row:1;grid-column:1;position:relative;background:var(--slot9);width:120vw;height:120%;padding:2rem 10%;transform:rotate(-11.4deg) translate(-5vw)}.BU1{position:absolute;inset:0}.mcD{mix-blend-mode:multiply;opacity:.3}.qgg{object-fit:cover}.w5X{position:absolute;bottom:100%;left:20vw;margin-bottom:2px}.xwZ{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-size:inherit;font-weight:var(--fontWeightRegular);line-height:.8;letter-spacing:-.06em;text-transform:uppercase;text-align:right;color:var(--slot14);position:relative;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.psM{grid-row:2;grid-column:1;background:var(--slot14);color:var(--slot9);font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:1rem;line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.065em;text-transform:uppercase;width:120vw;padding:2rem 10% 2rem 20%;transform:rotate(12.5deg) translate(-20vw)}.SFC{font-size:2.5rem}.C1O{font-size:2.75rem}.nqC{font-size:2.875rem}.okY{font-size:3rem}.EgO{font-size:3.25rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.Fmp{padding-top:150px}.BpV,.psM{padding-top:3rem}.BpV{height:150%}.psM{font-size:1.5rem;height:200%}.w5X{left:15vw;font-size:.6875rem}.SFC{font-size:4.5rem}.C1O{font-size:4.75rem}.nqC{font-size:5rem}.okY{font-size:5.5rem}.EgO{font-size:6rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.JbP{background:var(--slot2)}.Fmp{grid-template-rows:2fr 1fr;padding-top:var(--headerHeight)}.BpV{grid-row:1 / -1;width:calc(100% + 200px);transform:rotate(-11.4deg);margin-left:-100px;padding:3.5rem 10%}.psM{font-size:2rem;width:calc(100% + 200px);transform:rotate(12.5deg);margin-left:-200px;padding:3.5rem 5rem 3.5rem 200px}.w5X{left:20%}.yMz{font-size:7rem}.wBC{font-size:7.5rem}.Pcn{font-size:8rem}.v-u{font-size:8.5rem}.utT{font-size:9rem}}@media (min-width: 1440px){.w5X{left:15%}}.d4A{width:100%;height:100%;background:var(--slot8);color:var(--slot11)}.o6H{display:grid;grid-template-rows:repeat(2,auto) 1fr auto;grid-template-columns:4fr 1fr;width:100%;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);padding:var(--headerHeight) var(--pageGutter) 1.5rem}.LEf.o6H{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.mNd{grid-row:1;grid-column:1;overflow:hidden;position:relative}.Z6t{height:0;padding-top:100%}.Z6t .Z7f{position:absolute;top:0}.CZQ{object-fit:contain}.Z6t .CZQ{object-fit:cover}.X2V{grid-row:2;grid-column:1;margin-top:.25rem}.a_Z{grid-row:3;grid-column:1 / -1;margin:1rem 0}.JTH{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:inherit;font-weight:var(--fontWeightRegular);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.06em;text-transform:uppercase}.BBk{color:var(--slot10);grid-row:4;grid-column:1 / -1}.BBk :last-child{margin-bottom:0}.JLb{font-size:1.25rem}.CmQ{font-size:1.5rem}.da7{font-size:2rem}.lQZ{font-size:2.625rem}.Z0h{font-size:3.25rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.o6H{grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr;padding-top:150px}.BBk{max-width:80%}.JLb{font-size:1.75rem}.CmQ{font-size:2.125rem}.da7{font-size:2.75rem}.lQZ{font-size:3.25rem}.Z0h{font-size:4rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.o6H{grid-template-rows:var(--headerHeight) auto 1fr repeat(2,auto);grid-template-columns:calc(var(--logoMarginWidth) + 100px) repeat(2,1fr);grid-column-gap:var(--pageGutter);padding:var(--pageGutter)}.mNd{grid-column:2;grid-row:1 / 3}.X2V{grid-column:2;grid-row:3}.Z6t{grid-row:1 / 5;padding-top:unset;height:100%}.qqQ{grid-row:5}.a_Z{grid-column:3;grid-row:2 / 4;margin-top:unset}.BBk{grid-row:4 / -2;grid-column:3;max-width:unset}.Uwx{display:block;grid-row:1 / -1;grid-column:1;width:1px;height:100%;background:var(--slot11);justify-self:end}.abE{font-size:2rem}.pLm{font-size:2.625rem}.kar{font-size:3.75rem}.uA4{font-size:4.5rem}.hP7{font-size:5.5rem}}.XGS{width:100%;height:100%;background:var(--slot8);color:var(--slot11)}.LDr{display:grid;grid-template-rows:1fr auto 1fr;width:100%;max-width:1800px;padding:var(--pageGutter);overflow:hidden}.jLs.LDr{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.fp0{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;text-align:center;writing-mode:vertical-rl;transform:rotate(180deg);padding:2px;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.LkT{position:absolute;inset:0;opacity:.3}.LXE{object-fit:cover}.tlc{position:absolute;height:200%;width:200%;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-19deg);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.Ppu{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-size:inherit;font-weight:var(--fontWeightRegular);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.065em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slot11)}.j0y{grid-row:2;background:var(--slot8);font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);text-align:center;padding:2rem 1.5rem;z-index:var(--zIndexOverContent)}.j0y :last-child{margin-bottom:0}.D9x{font-size:3.5rem}.EXY{font-size:4rem}.TvV{font-size:4.5rem}.Tdw{font-size:5rem}.DpS{font-size:5.5rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.LDr{grid-template-columns:10% 80% 10%}.j0y{grid-column:2;padding:5rem 1.5rem;font-size:1.625rem}.D9x{font-size:6.5rem}.EXY{font-size:7rem}.TvV{font-size:7.5rem}.Tdw{font-size:8rem}.DpS{font-size:9rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.LDr{grid-template-columns:20% 60% 20%}.tlc{width:150%;height:150%}.j0y{max-width:900px;margin:0 auto;padding:5rem}.ZT5{font-size:7.25rem}.pgg{font-size:7.75rem}.hQG{font-size:8.25rem}.qZy{font-size:8.75rem}.EDi{font-size:9.5rem}}@media (min-width: 1440px){.tlc{width:120%}}.T8A{width:100%;height:100%;background:var(--slot1);color:var(--slot8)}.G2w{display:grid;grid-template-rows:1fr repeat(3,auto);grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;padding:var(--headerHeight) var(--pageGutter) 2rem}.rBr.G2w{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.u4k{position:absolute;inset:0}.XBl{object-fit:cover}.ira{grid-row:4;text-align:right;justify-self:end;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.Lmv{grid-row:2;margin-bottom:1rem;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.Kca{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:inherit;line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.06em;text-transform:uppercase}.dYp{grid-row:3;font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);letter-spacing:.02em;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.s5h{font-size:1.25rem}.eKZ{font-size:1.5rem}.IhL{font-size:2rem}.ifM{font-size:2.63rem}.VfT{font-size:3.25rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.G2w{grid-template-rows:1fr repeat(2,auto) 3rem auto}.dYp{max-width:80%}.ira{grid-row:5}.s5h{font-size:2rem}.eKZ{font-size:2.25rem}.IhL{font-size:2.75rem}.ifM{font-size:3.375rem}.VfT{font-size:5.75rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.G2w{grid-template-rows:1fr repeat(2,auto);grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.Lmv,.dYp{grid-column:1}.dYp{max-width:50%}.ira{grid-row:3;grid-column:2;align-self:end}.BhH{font-size:2.125rem}.qVd{font-size:2.5rem}.uFd{font-size:3rem}.E7W{font-size:4.063rem}.V3Y{font-size:5.75rem}}@media (min-width: 1440px){.G2w{--sideMarginWidth: calc((100vw - var(--maxContainerWidth)) / 2 + var(--pageGutter));padding-left:var(--sideMarginWidth);padding-right:var(--sideMarginWidth)}.BhH{font-size:2.5rem}.qVd{font-size:3.125rem}.uFd{font-size:3.75rem}.E7W{font-size:5rem}.V3Y{font-size:6.25rem}}.M_t{height:var(--viewportHeight);width:100%;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.M_t a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline}.wvQ{display:block;font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.5rem;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:.02em;margin-top:.25rem}.Q5_{display:none}._X4{position:absolute;height:var(--headerHeight);padding:.5rem 0;left:100px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;z-index:var(--zIndexOverContent)}.t5w{color:inherit}.zwP{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.625rem;line-height:1}@media (min-width: 768px){._X4{height:147px;left:140px}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.wvQ{font-size:.6875rem}._X4{height:unset;top:147px;left:0;padding-left:.75rem}}.Od3{--textSize: 10vh}.zW4{--textSize: 12vh}.MPa{--textSize: 14vh}.d9I{--textSize: 16vh}.ouC{--textSize: 20vh}.C_j{width:100%;height:100%;background:var(--slot8);color:var(--slot11)}.G5D{display:grid;grid-template-rows:1fr repeat(2,auto) 3fr;grid-template-columns:121px 1fr;padding:var(--headerHeight) var(--pageGutter) var(--pageGutter);width:100%;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);margin:0 auto}.Nfk.G5D{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.XkB{grid-row:2;grid-column:1;margin-bottom:1rem}.ejF{grid-row:3;grid-column:1 / -1;font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:var(--textSize);line-height:.95;letter-spacing:-.02em;text-transform:uppercase}.D8Q:nth-child(odd){-webkit-text-fill-color:transparent;-webkit-text-stroke-width:1.5px;-webkit-text-stroke-color:currentColor}.D8Q:nth-child(2n){animation:sB- 20s infinite linear}@keyframes sB-{0%{transform:translate(-50%)}to{transform:translate(0)}}@media (min-width: 768px){.G5D{grid-template-columns:calc(var(--logoMarginWidth) + 100px) 1fr;padding-top:150px}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.D58{--textSize: 14vh}.nxc{--textSize: 17vh}.o4I{--textSize: 20vh}.Q-q{--textSize: 23vh}.Fpy{--textSize: 26vh}.G5D{grid-template-rows:212px 1fr;grid-column-gap:var(--pageGutter);padding:var(--pageGutter)}.XkB{margin-right:var(--pageGutter)}.ejF{grid-row:1 / -1;grid-column:2;align-self:center;overflow:hidden}.N6v{display:block;grid-row:1 / -1;grid-column:1;width:1px;height:100%;background:currentColor;justify-self:end}}.ktC{--textSize: 1.5rem}.ZdH{--textSize: 1.75rem}.wQd{--textSize: 2rem}.IRN{--textSize: 2.25rem}.Ffp{--textSize: 2.5rem}.dC1{width:100%;height:100%;background:var(--slot8);color:var(--slot11)}.EMF{display:grid;grid-template-rows:auto 2fr 1fr;grid-template-columns:121px 1fr;padding:120px var(--pageGutter) var(--pageGutter);width:100%;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);margin:0 auto}.Xzw.EMF{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.hLb{grid-row:1;grid-column:1;margin-bottom:1.5rem}.J94{grid-row:2;grid-column:1 / -1;font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:var(--textSize);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.02em;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-text-fill-color:transparent;-webkit-text-stroke-width:1px;-webkit-text-stroke-color:currentColor;position:relative;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap}.skF{transform:rotate(-25deg) translateY(-25%)}@media (min-width: 768px){.ktC{--textSize: 2.5rem}.ZdH{--textSize: 3rem}.wQd{--textSize: 3.5rem}.IRN{--textSize: 4rem}.Ffp{--textSize: 4.5rem}.EMF{grid-template-rows:auto 3fr auto;grid-template-columns:calc(var(--logoMarginWidth) + 100px) 1fr;padding:180px var(--pageGutter)}.skF{transform:rotate(-25deg) translateY(-10%)}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.w5z{--textSize: 3.5rem}.grJ{--textSize: 4rem}.Q7e{--textSize: 5.25rem}.W8e{--textSize: 6.5rem}.G9-{--textSize: 7.5rem}.EMF{grid-template-rows:212px 1fr;grid-column-gap:var(--pageGutter);padding:var(--pageGutter)}.hLb{grid-row:2;margin-right:var(--pageGutter)}.J94{grid-row:1 / -1;grid-column:2;-webkit-text-stroke-width:2px}.skF{transform:rotate(-25deg) translate(10%,-10%)}}.J-n{width:100%;height:100%;background:var(--slot1);color:var(--slot8)}.e3y{display:grid;grid-template-rows:84px 1fr;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);padding:0 var(--pageGutter) var(--pageGutter)}.t0v.e3y{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.r_z{position:absolute;inset:0}.APW{grid-row:1;grid-column:2;text-align:right;align-self:end;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.d4L{grid-row:2;grid-column:1 / -1;margin:1rem calc(var(--pageGutter) * -1) 0;overflow:hidden}.bY2{height:100%;width:100%}.wH5{object-fit:contain;object-position:center top}.ic9{grid-row:2;grid-column:1 / -1;align-self:end;padding-bottom:3rem;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.H_u p{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:.02em}.H_u h2{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-size:200%;line-height:1.05;letter-spacing:-.06em;text-transform:capitalize}.H_u *+*{padding-top:1rem}.p85{font-size:.75rem}.pKM{font-size:.875rem}.tP4{font-size:1rem}.qEt{font-size:1.125rem}.jLA{font-size:1.25rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.ic9{width:75%}.H_u h2{font-size:180%}.p85{font-size:1rem}.pKM{font-size:1.125rem}.tP4{font-size:1.25rem}.qEt{font-size:1.375rem}.jLA{font-size:1.5rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.e3y{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr)}.ic9{grid-column:4;width:100%}.H_u *+*{padding-top:1.25rem}.d4L{grid-column:1 / 4;margin:1rem 1rem 0 0}.wH5{object-position:center}.APW{grid-column:4}.zUE{font-size:1.125rem}.WkQ{font-size:1.25rem}.BL2{font-size:1.5rem}.PxF{font-size:1.75rem}.QzI{font-size:2rem}}@media (min-width: 1440px){.e3y{--sideMarginWidth: calc((100vw - var(--maxContainerWidth)) / 2 + var(--pageGutter));padding:0 var(--sideMarginWidth) var(--controlSpacing)}}.bpo{width:100%;height:100%;background:var(--slot8);color:var(--slot11)}.IsO{display:grid;grid-template-rows:2fr 3fr 3fr;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);padding:40px var(--pageGutter) var(--pageGutter)}.wPt.IsO{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.o7z,.ec8{grid-row:3;grid-column:1 / -1}.o7z{overflow:hidden}.ec8{align-self:end;justify-self:end;text-align:right;padding:.25rem;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.kb4{grid-row:1;grid-column:2;overflow:hidden}.s5_{height:100%;width:100%}.wOF{object-fit:contain;object-position:right center}.hwo{grid-row:2;grid-column:1 / -1;line-height:1.2;align-self:end;margin:.75rem 0}.pYl p{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);letter-spacing:-.08em}.pYl h2{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:120%;letter-spacing:-.065em;text-transform:uppercase}.pYl *+*{padding-top:.75rem}.cWm{font-size:1.5rem}.wiZ{font-size:2rem}.aMo{font-size:2.5rem}.nK-{font-size:3.125rem}.Z9H{font-size:3.75rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.IsO{grid-template-rows:1fr auto 2fr;padding-top:var(--headerHeight)}.hwo{padding-top:2rem}.cWm{font-size:1.75rem}.wiZ{font-size:2.25rem}.aMo{font-size:3.125rem}.nK-{font-size:4rem}.Z9H{font-size:5rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.IsO{grid-template-rows:1fr 2fr;grid-template-columns:200px repeat(2,1fr);padding:var(--pageGutter)}.o7z,.ec8{grid-row:1 / -1;grid-column:3}.hwo{grid-row:2;grid-column:2;align-self:unset;padding:0 var(--pageGutter) calc(var(--controlSpacing) - var(--pageGutter))}.pYl h2{font-size:250%;line-height:1}.pYl *+*{padding-top:1.25rem}.kb4{grid-row:1;grid-column:2 / -1;justify-self:center;width:30vw;max-width:500px}.wOF{object-position:center}.xi3{font-size:1.875rem}.Hdj{font-size:2.5rem}.HTb{font-size:3.75rem}.iHj{font-size:5rem}.XCS{font-size:6.25rem}}@media (min-width: 1440px){.IsO{--sideMarginWidth: calc((100vw - var(--maxContainerWidth)) / 2 + var(--pageGutter));grid-template-columns:var(--sideMarginWidth) 200px repeat(2,1fr) var(--sideMarginWidth)}.o7z,.ec8{grid-column:4 / -1}.kb4{grid-column:3 / -2}.hwo{grid-column:3}}.xn_{display:grid;grid-template-rows:1fr auto;grid-template-columns:1fr 90px;width:100%;height:var(--viewportHeight);min-height:var(--cardMinHeight);max-height:var(--cardMaxHeight);padding:var(--headerHeight) var(--pageGutter) var(--pageGutter);background:var(--slot1);color:var(--slot8)}.iK4.xn_{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.xuQ{position:absolute;inset:0}.zsy,.xuQ :first-child{object-fit:cover}.ZIL{grid-row:2;grid-column:1;font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.065em;margin-top:1rem}.ZIL a{text-decoration:underline}.neo{grid-row:2;grid-column:2;margin-top:1rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.xn_{grid-template-rows:1fr auto 80px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);padding-top:160px}.ZIL{font-size:1rem}.neo{grid-row:3}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.xn_{grid-template-rows:200px 1fr;grid-template-columns:220px 1fr;grid-column-gap:var(--pageGutter);padding-top:var(--pageGutter)}.ZIL{grid-row:2}}@media (min-width: 1440px){.xn_{--sideMarginWidth: calc((100vw - var(--maxContainerWidth)) / 2 + var(--pageGutter));padding-left:var(--sideMarginWidth);padding-right:var(--sideMarginWidth)}}.CEN{width:100%;height:100%;background:var(--slot10);color:var(--slot8)}.HEQ{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;padding:var(--headerHeight) var(--pageGutter) 1.25rem}.S36.HEQ{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.p-0{position:absolute;inset:0;pointer-events:none}.mLB{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;height:var(--headerHeight);padding:.5rem .75rem;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;text-align:right}.wHz{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.035em;text-align:right;text-transform:uppercase;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.fOT p,.fOT h2,.fOT h3{margin-bottom:1.25rem}.fOT h2{font-family:inherit;font-weight:var(--fontWeightRegular)}.fOT h3{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-size:90%;letter-spacing:-.08em;text-transform:initial}.fOT h2,.xNJ{font-size:75%}.xNJ:before{content:"\2014 "}.JMa{font-size:1rem}.Vi_{font-size:1.25rem}.jGl{font-size:1.5rem}.Fmq{font-size:1.75rem}.IOw{font-size:2rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.HEQ{padding-top:150px}.fOT h2,.xNJ{font-size:65%}.mLB{top:0;right:unset;left:128px;padding:.75rem;justify-content:flex-start}.JMa{font-size:2.25rem}.Vi_{font-size:2.5rem}.jGl{font-size:2.75rem}.Fmq{font-size:3rem}.IOw{font-size:3.25rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.wHz{width:100%;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);padding-left:var(--logoMarginWidth);margin:0 auto}.fOT h2,.xNJ{font-size:60%}.fOT h3{font-size:80%}.cnC{font-size:2.5rem}.Nxj{font-size:2.75rem}.QJ6{font-size:3rem}.Hag{font-size:3.5rem}.Bs8{font-size:4rem}}@media (min-width: 1440px){.wHz{padding-left:240px}}.REm{width:100%;height:100%;background:var(--slot9);color:var(--slot14)}.Ehy{display:grid;grid-template-rows:1fr;grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:var(--headerHeight) var(--pageGutter) 2.5rem}.x9D.Ehy{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.RJB,.JDv{grid-row:1;grid-column:1;align-self:center}.RJB{width:90%;margin:0 auto;mix-blend-mode:multiply;overflow:hidden}.TQE{object-fit:contain}.BW5{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;height:var(--headerHeight);padding:.5rem .75rem;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;text-align:right;color:var(--slot1)}.JDv{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.065em;z-index:var(--zIndexContent);text-align:justify;text-transform:uppercase}.xdN h2{font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-size:150%}.xdN h3{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-size:120%;letter-spacing:-.08em;text-transform:initial}.wXl{text-align:right}.wXl:before{content:"\2014 "}._-i{font-size:1rem}.pYA{font-size:1.125rem}.K7W{font-size:1.25rem}.yT3{font-size:1.5rem}.s43{font-size:1.75rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.Ehy{padding-top:150px}.RJB{max-width:750px}.BW5{height:150px;padding:.75rem}._-i{font-size:1.75rem}.pYA{font-size:2rem}.K7W{font-size:2.25rem}.yT3{font-size:2.5rem}.s43{font-size:2.75rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.JDv{width:100%;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);margin:0 auto}.JDv,.RJB{padding-left:var(--logoMarginWidth)}.BW5{top:50%;left:0;right:unset;text-align:center;writing-mode:vertical-rl;transform:rotate(180deg) translateY(50%);padding:2px;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.g4c{font-size:2.5rem}.Gj0{font-size:2.75rem}.tcY{font-size:3rem}.B_2{font-size:3.25rem}.mQw{font-size:3.5rem}}.x0F{--textSize: .875rem}.Flj{--textSize: .95rem}.s7e{--textSize: 1rem}.dOB{--textSize: 1.125rem}.Wtt{--textSize: 1.25rem}.IM7{width:100%;height:100%;background:var(--slot8);color:var(--slot14)}.JkS{display:grid;grid-template-rows:1fr repeat(2,auto) 1fr;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr);grid-column-gap:var(--pageGutter);width:100%;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);margin:0 auto;padding:var(--pageGutter)}.CBf.JkS{height:100%;padding-bottom:var(--controlSpacing)}.M1E{grid-row:3;grid-column:1 / 4;margin-top:var(--pageGutter);position:relative;padding-top:100%}.It5{position:absolute;top:0;height:100%;width:100%}._GQ{object-fit:cover}.GZL{grid-row:4;grid-column:1 / 4;margin:.25rem 0 0;color:var(--slot1)}.b82{grid-row:2;grid-column:3 / -1;min-height:30vh}.dUh{grid-row:2;grid-column:1 / 3;min-height:15vh;align-self:end}.b82,.dUh{background:var(--slot9);padding:var(--pageGutter);position:relative}.b82:before,.dUh:before{display:block;content:"";background:inherit;-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/quote_tail-3e8f2c68db.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/quote_tail-3e8f2c68db.svg);-webkit-mask-size:100% 100%;mask-size:100% 100%;position:absolute}.b82:before{width:125px;height:125px;right:0;top:calc(100% - 1px);transform:rotate(180deg)}.dUh:before{width:70px;height:70px;left:0;bottom:calc(100% - 1px)}.OFg{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:var(--textSize);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.06em;text-transform:uppercase}.OFg :last-child{margin-bottom:.25rem}.h0U{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.04em;margin:0}@media (min-width: 768px){.FI4{--textSize: 1rem}.uHO{--textSize: 1.25rem}.HNF{--textSize: 1.5rem}.lrR{--textSize: 1.75rem}.ldN{--textSize: 2rem}.JkS{grid-template-rows:160px repeat(2,auto) 1fr;grid-template-columns:var(--logoMarginWidth) 2fr 3fr}.b82,.dUh{padding:1.5rem}.b82{grid-column:3;min-height:35vh}.dUh{min-height:unset;height:calc(100% - 140px)}.dUh:before{width:140px;height:140px}.b82:before{width:212px;height:212px}.dUh,.M1E,.GZL{grid-column:2}.h0U{font-size:1.375rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.JkS{grid-template-rows:1fr auto 1fr;grid-template-columns:var(--logoMarginWidth) repeat(3,1fr)}.dUh,.b82,.M1E{grid-row:2}.GZL{grid-row:3;grid-column:4}.dUh{grid-column:2;height:unset;align-self:unset;padding:1.875rem;display:flex;align-items:flex-end}.b82{grid-column:3;min-height:45vh;padding:1.875rem 1.5rem}.M1E{grid-column:4;padding-top:unset;margin-top:unset;height:100%;overflow:hidden}.dUh:before,.b82:before{height:200px;width:200px}.h0U{font-size:1.875rem}} </style><style data-href="https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/commons-3-d1efa883d5.css">.FaY{align-items:flex-end;display:flex;grid-column:main;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 1.5rem;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);padding:0 var(--pageGutter);pointer-events:none;position:relative;z-index:var(--zIndexContent);color:var(--slot10)}.bXN{color:inherit}.oCA{flex:1;font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-size:5rem;letter-spacing:-.05em;line-height:.8}.oCA p{display:inline;position:relative}.oCA h2{line-height:1.2;margin:0}.FaY .oCA p{margin:0;position:relative}.v5j{align-self:flex-start;padding-right:.5rem;width:70px}.zlM{flex:0 1 140px}.fvd{background:var(--slot9);color:var(--slot14);border-top:var(--strokeThickness) solid var(--slot12);border-bottom:var(--strokeThickness) solid var(--slot12);flex-wrap:nowrap;margin-bottom:0;padding:0;transform:rotate(3deg) translate(-1rem);transform-origin:top left;width:calc(100% + 2rem);z-index:var(--zIndexBackground)}.TCz{padding:1.7rem 0 2rem;display:flex}.fvd .oCA{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:2.5rem;line-height:1;margin:0 .25em;padding:0}.fvd .v5j{margin:0 .15em}.TCz .oCA{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}.PBv.FaY{padding:0;margin-bottom:1.5rem}.bXN.FaY{margin-bottom:.75rem}.PBv .oCA{padding:0;font-size:3rem}.bXN.PBv .oCA{font-size:2.5rem;padding-top:.25rem}.KIO .oCA{flex:0;order:1}.KIO .v5j{order:2;padding:0 0 0 1rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.FaY{margin-bottom:2.5rem}.oCA{font-size:9.3rem}.v5j{width:135px}.fvd{transform:rotate(2.5deg) translate(-1rem);margin-bottom:0}.TCz{padding:2.2rem 0 2.5rem}.fvd .oCA{font-size:3.75rem}.PBv .oCA{font-size:4.5rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.FaY{margin:0 auto 1rem;padding-left:var(--logoMarginWidth)}.oCA{font-size:11rem}.v5j{padding-right:1rem;width:170px}.fvd{margin-bottom:0;max-width:none;padding-left:0;transform:rotate(2deg) translate(-1rem)}.TCz{padding:2.7rem 0 3rem}.fvd .oCA,.PBv .oCA{font-size:5.5rem}}.j2F{align-items:center;display:flex}.OPT{animation:lIS 7s infinite linear}@keyframes lIS{0%{transform:translate(0)}to{transform:translate(-25%)}}.CMk{display:grid;width:100%;color:var(--slot1)}.Vx-{color:inherit}.CgC,.cbY,.s6x{grid-row:1;grid-column:1;position:relative}.cjU .cbY{height:var(--videoLinkUrlHeight)}.s6x{color:var(--slot2);margin:.75rem}.tm3{line-height:1.2;text-transform:uppercase;max-width:90%;margin-top:.5rem}.CMk .tm3 *{margin:0}.CMk .tm3 *+*{margin-top:.25rem}.CMk .tm3 h2{font-size:120%}.Fvy .tm3{text-align:right;margin-left:auto}@media (min-width: 768px){.Fvy .tm3{max-width:50%}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.tm3,._Nh{font-size:.7rem}}.r4P{width:100%;color:var(--slot10);background-color:var(--slot8);z-index:1;position:relative;padding:0;overflow:hidden}.OrR{color:var(--slot7);background:var(--slot4);margin-bottom:var(--mobiledocSpacing)}.nhe{color:inherit;background:transparent}.idH{display:grid;width:100%;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);margin:0 auto;padding:var(--pageGutter)}.lU0 .idH{grid-template-rows:1fr auto 1fr;height:var(--viewportHeight);padding:var(--headerHeight) var(--pageGutter) var(--controlSpacing)}.EDE .idH,.WN7 .idH{padding:var(--verticalCardSpacing) var(--pageGutter)}.WN7 .idH{height:calc(var(--viewportHeight) - var(--headerHeight))}.nhe .idH{padding:0}._ys{height:100%;width:100%}.rSu{object-fit:cover}.JmL{position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:-1}.np7{grid-row:1;grid-column:1;height:120px;width:120px;margin-bottom:1.25rem;justify-self:end;overflow:hidden;position:relative;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.np7 .rSu{object-fit:contain}.EDE .np7{margin-top:calc((var(--verticalCardSpacing) - var(--pageGutter)) * -1)}.lU0 .np7{align-self:end}.tY8,.in4{grid-row:1 / -1;grid-column:1;align-self:center;text-align:center;max-width:940px;margin:0 auto;transition:opacity var(--easeOutQuart)}.np7~.tY8,.np7~.in4{grid-row:2}.in4,.BJk .tY8{opacity:0;pointer-events:none}.BJk .in4{opacity:1;pointer-events:all}.jZE,.in4{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:2rem;line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.06em;margin:0}.CfP{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.02em}.CfP *,.OrR .CfP *,.nhe .CfP *{margin:1.25rem 0}.CfP a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline}.bqN{width:100%;margin-top:.75rem}.BNQ{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.LAq{order:2;position:relative;margin-bottom:1.5rem;z-index:1}.q6w{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:1rem;line-height:1.3;background:transparent;color:inherit;outline:none;border:none;border-bottom:1px solid;padding:0 0 .5rem;width:100%}.q6w::placeholder{color:inherit}.iVg .q6w{border:none;padding:.625rem .75rem}.KT5{position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:-1}.A-i{order:3;align-self:start;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;width:auto;min-width:75%;color:var(--slot1);background:var(--slot2);outline:none;border:none;padding:1rem .75rem;cursor:pointer}.A-i span{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-weight:var(--fontWeightBold);font-size:.875rem;line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.06em;text-transform:uppercase}.uDa{background:var(--slot1);width:2.5rem;height:2px;margin:auto 0;position:relative}.uDa:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:1px;right:12px;transform:rotate(90deg);transform-origin:bottom right;background:var(--slot1);-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/arrowhead_desktop-76943c820a.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/arrowhead_desktop-76943c820a.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;height:14px;width:28px}.nLJ{order:4;font-size:.625rem;line-height:1.1;text-align:left;margin-top:.75rem;opacity:.9}.nLJ a{color:inherit;font-weight:var(--fontWeightBold)}.IlE{order:1;margin-bottom:1.5rem;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.dH8{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-weight:var(--fontWeightBold);font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:.006em;padding:2px 2rem .5rem 1.75rem;position:relative}.dH8 *{margin:0;display:inline}.p54+.f4H:before{content:": "}.dH8 input{display:none}.p54:before,.p54:after{content:"";display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:1rem;height:1rem}.p54:before{border:2px solid var(--slot2)}.p54:after{background-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/checked-c87272db16.svg);background-size:13px 12px;background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;opacity:0}.dH8 input[type=checkbox]:checked+.p54:before{background:var(--slot2)}.dH8 input[type=checkbox]:checked+.p54:after{opacity:1}@media (min-width: 768px){.idH,.lU0 .idH{grid-template-rows:1fr;grid-template-columns:120px 1fr 120px}.EDE .idH{padding:6rem var(--pageGutter);min-height:400px}.WN7 .idH{height:calc(var(--viewportHeight) - 140px)}.np7,.EDE .np7{grid-column:1;margin-top:4rem}.lU0 .np7{align-self:center;margin-top:-6rem}.tY8,.in4,.np7~.tY8,.np7~.in4{grid-row:1;grid-column:2}.OrR .tY8,.OrR .in4,.nhe .tY8,.nhe .in4{grid-column:1 / -1;margin:1rem 1rem .25rem}.OrR .np7~.tY8,.OrR .np7~.in4,.nhe .np7~.tY8,.nhe .np7~.in4{grid-column:2 / -1}.jZE,.in4{font-size:3.5rem}.OrR .jZE,.OrR .in4,.nhe .jZE,.nhe .in4{font-size:3rem}.CfP,.q6w{font-size:1.25rem}.dH8{font-size:.875rem}.BNQ{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;column-gap:2rem}.IlE{grid-row:1;grid-column:1 / -1}.LAq{grid-row:2;grid-column:1;margin-bottom:unset;align-self:end}.A-i{grid-row:2;grid-column:2}.nLJ{grid-row:3;grid-column:1 / -1;text-align:right}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.EDE .idH,.lU0 .idH{grid-template-columns:150px 1fr 150px;gap:var(--pageGutter)}.EDE .np7,.lU0 .np7{height:150px;width:150px}.lU0 .np7{align-self:start;margin-top:var(--headerHeight)}.EDE .BNQ,.lU0 .BNQ{width:75%;margin:0 auto}.jZE,.in4{font-size:5rem}.EDE .jZE,.lU0 .jZE{margin-bottom:2rem}}.LED{width:100%;height:1px;min-height:1px;min-width:1px;position:relative}.LED.t5_{width:1px;height:100%;flex:0 0 1px;margin-left:-1px}.eAP{align-items:center;display:flex;height:100%;justify-content:center}.gAr{background:var(--slot14);color:var(--slot9);border:var(--strokeThickness) solid var(--slot15);height:100%;padding:1rem}.gAr a{color:inherit}.Whg .gAr{background:var(--slot6);color:var(--slot4);border-color:var(--slot5)}.NbV,.Whg .NbV{font-size:1.4rem}.ar1,.Whg .ar1{font-size:1.1rem}.lol{color:var(--slot9)}.x_k{height:100%;padding:var(--pageGutter);background:var(--slot3)}.x_k .gAr{height:auto}.x_k .jLr{margin-top:0}@media (min-width: 768px){.gAr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 240px;grid-template-rows:auto;column-gap:.75rem}.Whg .gAr{display:block}.HAW{grid-column:2;grid-row:1 / 7;margin:0}.x_k{padding:0 var(--logoMarginWidth)}.x_k .gAr{grid-template-rows:1fr auto;max-width:1024px}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.gAr{column-gap:1.5rem;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;padding:1.5rem}.NbV{font-size:1.65rem}}.H2A{padding-bottom:1.5rem;position:relative;background:var(--slot3)}.vh1{background:transparent;width:100%;padding-bottom:0}.oKK{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:flex-end;margin-bottom:1.5rem}.oKK.tB1{margin-bottom:1rem}.oKK .Krq{flex:0 1 140px}.oKK .Cs9{flex:1;margin:0;padding:0}.uSQ{flex:0 0 300px}.Pl1{display:grid}.Pl1 .Krq{grid-row:1;grid-column:1;padding:0 var(--pageGutter) .5rem}.Pl1 .Krq.tB1{padding-bottom:1rem}.Pl1 .Cs9{grid-row:2;grid-column:1}.n7d{grid-column:full}.Iw_{margin:1rem var(--pageGutter) var(--mobiledocSpacing);max-width:500px;transform:rotate(3deg);transform-origin:bottom left}.vh1 .Iw_{margin:.25rem 0 .75rem;padding:0;transform:none}.fmW{font-size:.75rem;font-style:italic;grid-column:1 / -1;margin-bottom:.5rem;margin-top:-1rem;text-transform:uppercase}.Iw_ p{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:.02em;margin:0}.OlJ{grid-column:full;color:var(--slot6);position:relative}.iQ7{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:.5rem}.mpQ,.CZq{background:transparent;cursor:pointer;font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeading);font-size:1.75rem;padding:0;text-transform:uppercase}.mpQ:disabled:after,.CZq:disabled:before{opacity:.25}.yc4{column-gap:var(--pageGutter);display:flex;overflow-x:scroll;padding:0 var(--pageGutter);scrollbar-width:none;-ms-overflow-style:none;scroll-behavior:smooth}.yc4::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.vh1 .yc4{padding:0;margin:0 calc(var(--pageGutter) * -1)}.byu{display:none}.ZNz{left:var(--pageGutter)}.RPQ{right:var(--pageGutter)}@media (min-width: 768px){.M7Y .uSQ{flex:0 0 550px}.H2A{padding-bottom:4.5rem}.vh1{padding-bottom:2.5rem}.OlJ{display:flex;justify-content:space-between}.Evl{width:100%}.yc4{margin-left:0}.iQ7{margin-bottom:0}.Iw_{transform:rotate(2.5deg)}.byu{align-items:center;background:var(--slot1);border:none;bottom:1rem;cursor:pointer;display:flex;height:2.5rem;-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/arrow-b10e10afc9.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/arrow-b10e10afc9.svg);-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:90% 90%;mask-size:90% 90%;position:absolute;right:1rem;width:2.5rem;z-index:var(--zIndexOverContent)}.vh1 .byu{background:var(--slot7);bottom:0;height:1.5rem;width:1.5rem}.byu:disabled{pointer-events:none;opacity:0}.byu:focus{outline:none}.zPA{left:var(--pageGutter);transform:rotate(180deg)}.l3t{right:var(--pageGutter)}.vh1 .zPA{left:0}.vh1 .l3t{right:0}.qI0{position:relative;display:block;height:100px;flex:0 0 1px;margin-right:-1px}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.M7Y .uSQ{flex:0 0 650px}.Pl1 .Krq{padding-left:var(--logoMarginWidth)}.yc4{margin-right:0;padding-left:calc(var(--logoMarginWidth) - var(--pageGutter))}.vYD{padding:1.5rem}.Iw_{margin-left:0;padding-left:var(--logoMarginWidth);transform:rotate(2deg)}} </style><style data-href="https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/commons-4-54c486d76b.css">.bwv{display:none}.QNb{position:relative}.kMc{width:100%;height:100%;background:none;border:none;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;pointer-events:none}.C1C{display:grid;grid-template-rows:1fr repeat(2,auto);grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);height:calc(100% - 160px);width:100%;padding:0 var(--pageGutter) 1.5rem;position:relative}.fzk,.ZXG,.LOc{grid-row:1;grid-column:1 / -1;position:relative;margin-bottom:2rem}.fzk{width:100%;height:100%;overflow:hidden}.Kjj{object-fit:contain}.LOc{cursor:pointer}.ZXG{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;color:var(--slot3);padding:0 var(--pageGutter);position:relative;opacity:0;z-index:1}.ZXG:before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;background:var(--slot4);opacity:.95;z-index:-1}.TWY .ZXG{opacity:1}.ZXG a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline}.M4S p,.qEA{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.2}.M4S p{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody)}.qEA{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);letter-spacing:-.06em}.M4S h2{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.25;letter-spacing:-.025em}.ZXG *{margin:0}.ZXG *+*{margin-top:var(--pageGutter)}.Xfx{grid-column:1;grid-row:3;align-self:end;justify-self:start;color:var(--slot4);padding:0;opacity:0;pointer-events:none}.Xfx.feo{opacity:1;pointer-events:all}.ikQ{background:transparent;border:none;cursor:pointer}.ikQ:active,.ikQ:focus{outline:none}.Od1,.olh{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.06em}.Od1{font-size:1.875rem}.Od1:after{content:" +"}.TWY .Od1:after{content:" \2014"}.olh{grid-column:2;grid-row:3;font-size:2.75rem;justify-self:end;align-self:end}.xCo{grid-column:1 / -1;grid-row:2;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;height:30px;margin-bottom:2rem}._sC{content:"";width:35%;height:30px;flex:none;padding:0;position:relative}._sC:before,._sC:after{content:"";position:absolute;background:var(--slot4)}._sC:before{width:30px;height:15px;right:-.5rem;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%) rotate(90deg);background:var(--slot4);-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/arrowhead_mobile-3e49e101c0.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/arrowhead_mobile-3e49e101c0.svg);-webkit-mask-size:100% 100%;mask-size:100% 100%}._sC:after{width:100%;height:2px;left:0;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%)}.VkL{transform:scaleX(-1)}@media (min-width: 768px){.C1C{grid-template-rows:minmax(160px,auto) 1fr auto;grid-template-columns:var(--logoMarginWidth) 1fr 100px var(--logoMarginWidth)}.fzk,.LOc{grid-row:2;grid-column:2 / -2;z-index:var(--zIndexContent);margin:unset}.xCo{grid-row:2;align-self:center;margin:unset}._sC{height:40px}._sC:before{content:"";width:40px;height:20px;-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/arrowhead_desktop-76943c820a.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/arrowhead_desktop-76943c820a.svg)}.Xfx{display:none}.ZXG{grid-row:1;grid-column:3 / -1;opacity:1;color:var(--slot4)}.ZXG:before{display:none}.olh{grid-column:3 / -1;font-size:3.75rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.C1C{height:calc(100% - var(--headerHeight));grid-template-columns:3fr 8fr 3fr;grid-template-rows:1fr auto;padding-bottom:3rem}.fzk,.LOc{grid-column:2;grid-row:1 / -1}.xCo{grid-row:1 / -1}.ZXG{grid-row:2;grid-column:1;padding-left:.25rem;max-width:260px}.olh{grid-row:2;grid-column:3;padding-right:.25rem}}.GLK{position:fixed;inset:0;background:var(--slot3);color:var(--slot4);z-index:var(--zIndexNav);display:none}.ION:checked~.GLK{display:block}.kpP{position:relative;width:100%;height:160px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;padding:.5rem .75rem}.wiO{width:60px}.MNV{position:relative;display:block;width:100%;padding-top:122.5%;pointer-events:auto;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.x0J{position:absolute;top:0;height:100%;width:100%;fill:var(--slot4);pointer-events:none}.St5{position:relative;height:100%;cursor:pointer;z-index:var(--zIndexNav)}.St5:after{content:"CLOSE";position:relative;height:45px;font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:var(--fontWeightBold);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.012em}@media (min-width: 768px){.St5:after{font-size:1.875rem}.wiO{width:107px}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.kpP{height:var(--headerHeight)}}.Uga{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:flex-end;margin-bottom:1.5rem}.Uga.dqA{margin-bottom:0}.Uga .pj8{flex:0 1 140px}.Uga .B1N{flex:1;margin:0;padding:0}.vSA{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:.02em}.vSA a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline}.uES .vSA p{margin:0}.uES .vSA p+p{margin-top:var(--pageGutter)}.ENZ{position:relative}._-g{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:.006em;text-transform:uppercase}.AA0{display:block}._-g a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline}@media (min-width: 1025px){.vSA{font-size:1rem}._-g{font-size:.875rem}.XJ-:before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;background:var(--slot1);opacity:0;transition:opacity .2s ease;z-index:1}.XJ-:hover{cursor:pointer}.XJ-:hover:before{opacity:.4}}.ddr{padding:2rem 0}.pm7{padding:1rem 0}.IWn{margin-bottom:var(--pageGutter);width:100%;position:relative}.wvJ{margin-top:.5rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.bli{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}.IWn{width:calc(50% - (var(--pageGutter) / 2))}.IWn:nth-child(4n+1),.IWn:nth-child(4n+3){margin-right:var(--pageGutter)}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.IWn:nth-child(4n+1),.IWn:nth-child(4n+4){width:calc(60% - (var(--pageGutter) / 2))}.IWn:nth-child(4n+2),.IWn:nth-child(4n+3){width:calc(40% - (var(--pageGutter) / 2))}}.fuD{padding-top:2rem}.jcX{padding:1rem 0}.I66{margin-bottom:2.5rem;width:100%;position:relative}.Uw3{margin-top:.5rem}.I66:nth-child(3n+3){display:flex;flex-direction:row-reverse}.I66:nth-child(3n+3) .CZz{width:50%;flex:none}.I66:nth-child(3n+3) .Uw3{margin-top:0;margin-right:var(--pageGutter);text-align:right}@media (min-width: 768px){.YTI{display:grid;grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr 3fr;grid-column-gap:var(--pageGutter)}.I66:nth-child(1){grid-column:1 / 3;grid-row:1 / 3}.I66:nth-child(2){grid-column:3;grid-row:1}.I66:nth-child(3){grid-column:2 / -1;grid-row:2;align-items:flex-end}.I66:nth-child(4){grid-column:1 / 3;grid-row:3 / 5}.I66:nth-child(5){grid-column:3;grid-row:3}.I66:nth-child(6){grid-column:2 / -1;grid-row:4;align-items:flex-end}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.YTI{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.I66:nth-child(3n+1){grid-column:1}.I66:nth-child(3n+2),.I66:nth-child(3n+3){grid-column:2}}.TuB{padding:2rem 0}.J2N{padding:1rem 0}.Zy3{margin-bottom:var(--pageGutter);width:100%;position:relative}.KxQ{margin-top:.5rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.xvC{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);grid-column-gap:var(--pageGutter)}}.nbP{display:grid;width:70%;margin:0 auto;color:var(--slot1)}.HuS,.hI-,.V52{grid-row:1;grid-column:1;position:relative}.WW2 .hI-{height:var(--videoLinkUrlHeight)}.B7r{line-height:1.2;text-transform:uppercase;max-width:90%;margin-top:.5rem}.nbP .B7r *{margin:0}.nbP .B7r *+*{margin-top:.25rem}.nbP .B7r h2{font-size:120%}.A1z .B7r{text-align:right;margin-left:auto}@media (min-width: 768px){.nbP{width:50%}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.B7r,.v5o{font-size:.7rem}}.VE7{width:100%;margin:0 auto;color:var(--slot1)}.VE7 .OIO{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:.006em;text-transform:uppercase;max-width:90%;margin-top:.5rem}.MWi{display:block}.VE7 .OIO *{margin:0}.VE7 .OIO *+*{margin-top:.25rem}.VE7 .OIO h2{font-size:120%}.VE7 .OIO a{color:inherit}@media (min-width: 1025px){.OIO{font-size:.875rem}}:root{--indent: 2rem;--indentTabletUp: 5.5rem}[data-md-text-align=center]{text-align:center}[data-md-text-align=right]{text-align:right}.rs0 a,.tDr a,.Afg>h2 a,.Afg>h3 a,.Afg h4 a,.Afg h5 a,.Afg p a,.Afg li a{border-bottom:2px solid;font-weight:var(--fontWeightBold)}.Afg p{color:inherit;margin-bottom:var(--mobiledocSpacing);margin-top:0}.Afg b,.Afg strong{font-weight:var(--fontWeightBold)}.Afg>h2,.Afg>h3,.Afg>h4{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);line-height:1;margin:2.25rem 0 calc(var(--mobiledocSpacing) * .75)}.Afg>h2{font-size:1.75rem}.Afg>h3{font-size:1.5rem}.Afg>h4{font-size:1.25rem}.Afg ul,.Afg ol{margin-bottom:var(--mobiledocSpacing);margin-top:0;padding-left:2rem}.Afg ul{list-style:none}.Afg ul li{list-style:none;padding-bottom:.5rem;position:relative}.Afg ul li:before{background:var(--slot4);border-radius:100%;content:"";height:2px;left:-1.75rem;position:absolute;top:.95rem;width:1rem}.Afg ol li{counter-increment:list;list-style-type:none;padding-bottom:.5rem;position:relative}.Afg ol li:before{color:var(--slot4);content:counter(list) ". ";display:inline-block;font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-size:1.25rem;left:-2rem;line-height:1.52;position:absolute;text-align:left;top:2px;width:2rem}.Afg iframe{border:0}.rs0{color:var(--slot5);font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:1.2rem;font-weight:var(--fontWeightBold);justify-self:flex-end;letter-spacing:-.06em;line-height:1.05;margin:1rem 0 calc(3rem + var(--mobiledocSpacing));max-width:var(--maxBodyWidth);position:relative;text-transform:uppercase;width:100%}.rs0 a{border:none;color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:2px}.tDr{border-left:2px solid var(--slot4);font-size:inherit;font-style:italic;margin:0 0 var(--mobiledocSpacing) var(--mobiledocIndent);padding-left:1rem;position:relative}@media (min-width: 768px){.Afg ul li:before{left:-2rem}.Afg ol li:before{font-size:1.15rem}.Afg>h2{font-size:2.5rem}.Afg>h3{font-size:2rem}.Afg h4{font-size:1.5rem}.rs0{font-size:1.5rem;margin-top:3rem}.tDr{margin:.5rem 0 calc(.5rem + var(--mobiledocSpacing)) 5%}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.Afg>h2{font-size:3rem}.Afg>h3{font-size:2.5rem}.Afg h4,.rs0{font-size:2rem}.Afg ul,.Afg ol{padding-left:3rem}.Afg ul li:before,.Afg ol li:before{left:-3rem}.Afg ul li:before{top:1rem}.Afg ol li:before{top:.23rem}}.gQR,.TrI{display:block;font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.625rem;padding-top:1.25rem}.TrI cite{margin-left:.25rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.gQR,.TrI{font-size:.75rem}}@media (min-width: 1440px){.gQR,.TrI{font-size:.875rem}}.CEt{margin:0 auto var(--mobiledocSpacing);position:relative}.CEt .Ndo{background:var(--imageBackgroundColor);position:relative}.DfJ img{object-fit:cover}.vrU{margin:0 auto var(--mobiledocSpacing);max-width:var(--maxBodyWidth)}.vrU blockquote{margin:0;text-transform:none}.vrU blockquote:before{content:none}.xu4{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;margin:2rem 0;text-align:right}.M7V{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%}@media (min-width: 768px){.vrU{margin:1rem auto calc(var(--mobiledocSpacing) + 1rem)}}.aFe{margin:2rem auto}.Vqp{max-width:400px}.Ndo{position:relative}.Ndo img,.Ndo video{object-fit:contain}.Ndo>*{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:100%;margin:0}.Ndo>iframe[src*=dailymail]{height:calc(112px + 60vw + 4em);margin-top:-56.25%;overflow:hidden;position:relative}@media (min-width: 380px){.Ndo>iframe[src*=dailymail]{height:calc(92px + 60vw + 3em)}}@media (min-width: 540px){.Ndo>iframe[src*=dailymail]{height:calc(92px + 60vw + 2em)}}@media (min-width: 768px){.Ndo>iframe[src*=dailymail]{height:525px;width:640px}}.j2O{display:block;margin:1.5rem auto;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);width:100%}.j2O .CEt{margin:5px 0;width:100%}.j2O .Ndo:before{content:none}.j2O .ryZ{border:none}.j2O img{border:none;object-fit:cover}@media (min-width: 768px){.j2O{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;width:100%}.j2O .CEt{margin:5px 0}.gVn{flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-direction:row}.gVn .CEt,.A7- .CEt{flex:0 0 calc(50% - .25rem)}.A7- .CEt:first-child{flex:0 0 100%;width:100%}.fPa .CEt{flex:0 0 calc(50% - .25rem)}.Nyw .CEt{flex:0 0 calc(33.333% - .25rem)}.Nyw .CEt:first-child{flex:0 0 100%;width:100%}}.iuf{line-height:1.3;margin:0 auto;max-width:1000px;text-align:right;width:100%}.Z8F{text-align:center;margin:2rem -1rem}.E1M{max-width:100%}.T46{margin:0 auto var(--mobiledocSpacing)}@media (min-width: 768px){.T46{margin:var(--mobiledocSpacing) auto calc(var(--mobiledocSpacing) * 2)}}.p42{margin:0 auto} </style><style data-href="https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/commons-7-9c7d253c86.css">.wVh{color:var(--slot4);font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:1.2rem;font-weight:var(--fontWeightBold);grid-column:main;line-height:1.1;padding:0 1.5rem .75rem 1rem;position:relative;text-align:right;text-transform:uppercase}.wVh:after{background:var(--slot4);content:"";height:15px;margin-top:-3px;-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/arrowhead_desktop-76943c820a.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/arrowhead_desktop-76943c820a.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;position:absolute;transform:rotate(90deg) translate(28px,-3px);width:30px}.wVh:before{background:var(--slot4);bottom:0;content:"";height:1px;right:0;position:absolute;width:50%}.yKY{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:.65rem;font-weight:var(--fontWeightRegular);margin-bottom:.5rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.wVh{max-width:500px}}@media (min-width: 1440px){.Ixw{font-size:1.25rem;max-width:none;padding:1rem 1.5rem 0 1rem;position:absolute;right:var(--pageGutter);text-align:left;top:0;width:270px}.Ixw:after{right:-10px;top:0;transform:rotate(90deg)}.Ixw:before{top:4px;width:95%}}._Qy{width:100%;margin:0 auto;position:relative;background:#000;padding-top:56.25%}._Qy>div:not(.mY6){position:absolute;inset:0}.N-H:empty{display:none}.mY6{position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%)}@media (min-width: 1025px){aside.rhF{grid-column:1;grid-row:4 / span 20}}.f_S{margin-top:var(--headerHeight);display:flex;flex-direction:column}.NNu{max-width:var(--maxBodyWidth);text-align:center;line-height:1;margin:0 auto}.BVV{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:var(--fontSizeEyebrow);text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 auto .25rem}.lER{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);font-size:1rem;margin:0 auto 1rem}.vAS{max-width:875px;margin:auto;width:100%}.jTT{width:160px;margin:1rem auto 0}@media (min-width: 768px){.f_S{height:65vh;min-height:var(--cardMinHeight);max-height:var(--cardMaxHeight)}.vAS{height:100%;padding:0}.lER{font-size:1.2rem}.jTT{width:200px}}.Rps{width:1px;height:1px}aside.jIS{z-index:2}.TnP{display:none}amp-next-page .amp-next-page-links{display:none}@media (min-width: 1025px){.TnP{display:block}}.QVH{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:1rem;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.3;text-transform:uppercase}.WDi{justify-self:center;order:2}.FC9{margin:0;order:1;text-transform:uppercase}.FC9 a{color:inherit;margin:0}.KYT{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-self:flex-end;order:3}.KYT div{line-height:.9}.KYT span{font-size:.6em;font-weight:var(--fontWeightBold);padding-right:.25rem}.Ihh{color:var(--slot5);font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-size:2.3rem;letter-spacing:-.06em;line-height:1;margin:1.75rem 0 1.5rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.QVH{align-items:flex-start;grid-column:main}.Ihh{font-size:3rem;grid-column:main}.KYT{align-items:flex-end}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.Ihh{font-size:4.5rem}}.bVd{display:flex;overflow-x:scroll;scrollbar-width:none;-ms-overflow-style:none;scroll-behavior:smooth}.bVd::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.bVd .zZ_{flex:1 0 150px}.bVd .H60{max-height:18px;max-width:58px;margin:.5rem 0 0}@media (min-width: 1025px){.bVd{flex-wrap:wrap;overflow:hidden}.bVd .zZ_{flex:1 0 200px}}.rxQ{--logoHeight: 20px;--logoWidth: 74px;background:currentColor;height:var(--logoHeight);-webkit-mask-position:left center;mask-position:left center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:contain;mask-size:contain;max-height:100%;width:var(--logoWidth);color:#000}.DP_{color:inherit;height:calc(var(--logoHeight) * 1.3);width:calc(var(--logoWidth) * 1.3)}.kYO{-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/bustle-a72d18d4e8.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/bustle-a72d18d4e8.svg)}.x5l{--logoHeight: 24px;--logoWidth: 75px;-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/elitedaily-5b21ea03a5.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/elitedaily-5b21ea03a5.svg)}.ARi{--logoHeight: 24px;--logoWidth: 85px;-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/fatherly-b421cc1960.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/fatherly-b421cc1960.svg)}.vvq{--logoHeight: 16px;--logoWidth: 108px;-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/inverse-cb754238ef.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/inverse-cb754238ef.svg)}.CXF{--logoHeight: 32px;--logoWidth: 26px;-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/mic-9f74b11905.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/mic-9f74b11905.svg)}.udq{--logoHeight: 18px;--logoWidth: 105px;-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/nylon-98d2447386.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/nylon-98d2447386.svg)}.GE5{--logoHeight: 18px;--logoWidth: 95px;-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/romper-3079c0c267.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/romper-3079c0c267.svg)}.JwB{--logoHeight: 40px;--logoWidth: 71px;-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/scarymommy-a6082297c5.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/scarymommy-a6082297c5.svg)}.kgt{--logoWidth: 45px;-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/thezoereport-98080d9bbb.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/thezoereport-98080d9bbb.svg)}.jru{--logoHeight: 36px;--logoWidth: 23px;-webkit-mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/wmagazine-cc9f13fe6d.svg);mask-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/wmagazine-cc9f13fe6d.svg)}.FZb{column-gap:1rem;margin:0 calc(var(--pageGutter) * -1);padding:0 var(--pageGutter)}.FZb .vok{flex:0 0 150px}.Msl{color:var(--slot1)}.vZT{display:none}.vok .D-3{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:.85rem;line-height:1.12;margin:.5rem 0 0}@media (min-width: 768px){.FZb .vok{column-gap:1rem;display:grid;flex:1 0 200px;grid-template-columns:1fr .48fr;grid-template-rows:auto 1fr;row-gap:.5rem}.vok .OO4{grid-column:2;grid-row:1 / 3}.vZT{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-style:italic;font-weight:var(--fontWeightRegular);line-height:.85;text-align:left;text-transform:capitalize}.vZT,.vZT div{display:block}.vok .D-3{margin:0}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.FZb{margin:0;padding:0}.FZb .vok{margin-bottom:2.5rem;row-gap:1rem}.vok .D-3{font-size:1rem}}.nnm{background-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/SUTD-b5c9f9369a.svg);background-size:100% 100%;height:60px;margin:8.5rem 0 2.5rem}.oHL{font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.05;margin:0}.Kym{font-family:var(--fontFamilyBody);margin-top:1.75rem}.BMP{background:var(--slot4);color:var(--slot6);padding:.75rem}.VU5{background:transparent;border:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--slot6);color:var(--slot6);font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem;outline:none;padding:1rem 1rem .5rem 0;width:100%}.VU5::placeholder{color:var(--slot6);text-transform:capitalize}.Rp5{align-self:flex-start;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:1.25rem;width:100%}.i5n{color:var(--slot6);font-size:.95rem}.kj_{font-weight:var(--fontWeightBold);font-size:.85rem;margin-bottom:.5rem;text-transform:uppercase}.i5n input{margin-right:.5rem}button.qgj{background:transparent;color:var(--slot6);cursor:pointer;font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSansSerif);font-weight:var(--fontWeightBold);font-size:.875rem;margin:0;outline:none;padding:0;text-transform:capitalize;z-index:var(--zIndexContent)}.gQD{align-items:flex-end;border:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;margin:0;padding:0}.g-0{order:4;font-size:.625rem;line-height:1.1;text-align:left;margin-top:.75rem;opacity:.9}.g-0 a{color:inherit;font-weight:var(--fontWeightBold)}.lqj{animation:ohH .3s ease-out forwards;opacity:0;width:100%}.lqj:first-child{margin-bottom:3rem}.z3b{background-image:url(https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/RN-8f2698d76f.svg);background-size:100% 100%;height:46px;margin-bottom:2.5rem}@media (min-width: 1025px){aside.fX2{margin:0 auto;max-width:350px;width:100%}}@keyframes ohH{0%{transform:translateY(-20px);opacity:0}to{transform:translateY(0);opacity:1}}.CCp{font-size:1.1rem;font-weight:var(--fontWeightBold)}.tuN{text-align:center}.CCp:before{display:none} </style><style data-href="https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/CardPage-d249b00cc3.css">.oVA{background:var(--slot2);color:var(--slot1);display:flex;flex-direction:column;position:relative}.Uf-{align-items:flex-end;display:flex;flex-direction:column-reverse;gap:3rem;justify-content:flex-end;margin:0 0 2rem;padding:0 var(--pageGutter)}.IcT{grid-column:2}.OIi{padding:2rem var(--pageGutter) 1.5rem}.tn6{margin:0 auto;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);padding-bottom:2rem;width:100%}.AOL{color:var(--slot1);display:grid;font-size:1.15rem;grid-auto-rows:min-content;grid-template-columns:[full-start] var(--bodyGutter) [main-start] minmax(calc(63% - 3.75rem),var(--maxBodyWidth)) [main-end] var(--bodyGutter) [full-end];letter-spacing:-.01rem;line-height:1.7;margin:0 auto;position:relative;word-break:break-word}.AOL>*{grid-column:main}.AOL>p:first-of-type{display:flow-root}.AOL>p:first-of-type:first-letter{float:left;font-family:var(--fontFamilyHeadingSerif);font-size:6.25rem;line-height:.92;margin:0 1rem -.5rem 0;padding:0;text-transform:uppercase}.b-a{width:1px;height:1px}.kG8{grid-column:full;margin:0 auto;min-width:300px;overflow:visible}.G8T{grid-column:1 / -1;margin-bottom:var(--minAdSpacing);width:100vw}.kG8>div{max-width:300px;overflow-x:hidden}.D5t{font-size:.69rem;font-style:italic;line-height:1.1;letter-spacing:-.005em;opacity:.65;margin-top:2rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.AOL,.OIi{grid-template-columns:[full-start] minmax(var(--bodyGutter),1fr) [main-start] minmax(65%,var(--maxBodyWidth)) [main-end] var(--pageGutter) [full-end];margin:0}.OIi{display:grid;padding:2rem 0 2.5rem}}@media (min-width: 1025px){.AOL,.OIi{font-size:1.2rem;grid-template-columns:[full-start] 37% [main-start] minmax(calc(63% - 1.5rem),var(--maxBodyWidth)) [main-end] var(--pageGutter) [full-end]}.OIi{margin:auto;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);padding-top:2.5rem;width:100%}.AOL>p:first-of-type:first-letter{font-size:6.6rem;margin-right:1.25rem}.Pln{margin:auto;max-width:var(--maxContainerWidth);position:relative}.G8T{margin-left:calc((100vw - 100%)/2*-1)}.kG8{grid-column:1;padding-bottom:0}.kG8>*{left:0;position:absolute;right:0}} </style><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="https://cdn2c.bustle.com/2025/mic/Obviously-Wide-4d3691d8d6.woff2" crossorigin/><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="https://cdn2c.bustle.com/2025/mic/saintecolombeweb-regular-581c593938.woff2" crossorigin/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/main-c404912a90.js"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/runtime-a9bae45cd5.js"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/vendors-f8e0b01ac7.js"/><link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/CardPage-07362c1cd1.js"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.mic.com/articles/113504/science-shows-why-drum-machines-will-never-replace-live-drummers"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://www.mic.com/rss"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.mic.com/articles/113504/science-shows-why-drum-machines-will-never-replace-live-drummers"/><meta property="og:title" content="Science Shows Why Drum Machines Will Never Replace Live Drummers"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/czdwvhitq7w0mjgodx5jmqlfo4tlojejtgg63i3txbfnkbhklrb4v6birwzlhqyd.jpg?w=1200&h=630&fit=crop&crop=faces&fm=jpg"/><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:image:height" content="630"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta property="og:description" content="The live drummer is an endangered species in much of today's popular music. Modern post-production makes it supremely easy to substitute programmed drums for an imperfect human performance, or even to buff out errors from a live take. Increasingly,…"/><meta name="description" content="The live drummer is an endangered species in much of today's popular music. Modern post-production makes it supremely easy to substitute programmed drums for an imperfect human performance, or even to buff out errors from a live take. Increasingly,…"/><meta property="article:published_time" content="2015-03-23T16:17:15.000Z"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@mic"/><meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/MicMedia"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Mic"/><link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/icon-d9ec10ae77.png"/><meta name="referrer" content="unsafe-url"/><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","headline":"Science Shows Why Drum Machines Will Never Replace Live Drummers","description":"The live drummer is an endangered species in much of today's popular music. Modern post-production makes it supremely easy to substitute programmed drums for an imperfect human performance, or even to buff out errors from a live take. Increasingly,…","datePublished":"2015-03-23T16:17:15+00:00","dateModified":"2015-03-23T16:17:15+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.mic.com/articles/113504/science-shows-why-drum-machines-will-never-replace-live-drummers"},"image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/czdwvhitq7w0mjgodx5jmqlfo4tlojejtgg63i3txbfnkbhklrb4v6birwzlhqyd.jpg?w=1200&h=675&fit=crop&crop=faces&fm=jpg","width":"1200","height":"675"},{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/czdwvhitq7w0mjgodx5jmqlfo4tlojejtgg63i3txbfnkbhklrb4v6birwzlhqyd.jpg?w=1200&h=900&fit=crop&crop=faces&fm=jpg","width":"1200","height":"900"},{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/czdwvhitq7w0mjgodx5jmqlfo4tlojejtgg63i3txbfnkbhklrb4v6birwzlhqyd.jpg?w=1200&h=1200&fit=crop&crop=faces&fm=jpg","width":"1200","height":"1200"}],"author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Tom Barnes","url":"https://www.mic.com/profile/tom-barnes-16100472"}],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Mic","url":"https://www.mic.com","logo":"https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/icon-d9ec10ae77.png"},"articleSection":"Culture","creator":["Tom Barnes"],"keywords":["science","culture","adex-light-bid"]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.mic.com/culture","name":"Culture"}}]}]}</script></head><body><style>:root{--slot1:#000000;--slot2:#ffffff;--slot3:#F4F2ED;--slot4:#FCB159;--slot5:#3D312E;--slot6:#3D312E;--slot7:#3D312E;--slot8:#F4F2ED;--slot9:#FCB159;--slot10:#3D312E;--slot11:#3D312E;--slot12:#F4F2ED;--slot13:#3D312E;--slot14:#3D312E;--slot15:#3D312E;--strokeThickness:2px;--gradientHalfOpacity:#00000088;--gradientTransparent:#00000000;--metaColor:#3D312E;--navColor:#3D312E}</style><div class="qUu"><div class="zUh"><div class="zYo"><a href="/" title="Mic" class="O3D"><svg viewBox="0 0 214 262" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="Pok"><path d="M0 257.671L.394 4.331h28.994l18.499 133.557L65.86 4.33h29.257v253.341H66.517l7.61-159.929-17.319 159.929H38.31L20.99 97.742l7.61 159.929H0zM104.18 257.671V4.331h31.881v253.34H104.18zM143.27 219.623V37.653C143.27 17.057 159.144 0 178.43 0c19.549 0 35.423 17.056 35.423 37.654v83.965h-30.7V38.047c0-6.822-1.443-9.708-4.723-9.708-2.886 0-4.329 2.886-4.329 9.708V224.74c0 6.56 1.049 9.053 4.329 9.053s4.723-2.493 4.723-9.053v-88.689h30.7v83.572c0 30.044-14.169 42.377-35.423 42.377-20.991 0-35.16-12.333-35.16-42.377z"></path></svg></a></div><label aria-haspopup="true" for="navCheckbox" class="V8B gQC"><span>Menu</span><button aria-expanded="false" aria-label="menu" type="button" class="CAk"></button></label></div></div><article class="oVA page-83147376"><div class="cCV"><div class="sWr"><div class="cUF"><div class="gsz fQd"><div class="Bal RzU ZQG"><h1 class="aVX gai">Science Shows Why Drum Machines Will Never Replace Live Drummers</h1></div><div class="r87 Lgb"><p></p></div><div class="hJa"><div class="pxF oL7 WhP"><picture><source media="(min-width:1025px)" srcset="https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/czdwvhitq7w0mjgodx5jmqlfo4tlojejtgg63i3txbfnkbhklrb4v6birwzlhqyd.jpg?w=450&h=252&fit=crop&crop=faces, https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/czdwvhitq7w0mjgodx5jmqlfo4tlojejtgg63i3txbfnkbhklrb4v6birwzlhqyd.jpg?w=450&h=252&fit=crop&crop=faces&dpr=2 2x"/><source media="(min-width:768px)" srcset="https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/czdwvhitq7w0mjgodx5jmqlfo4tlojejtgg63i3txbfnkbhklrb4v6birwzlhqyd.jpg?w=350&h=196&fit=crop&crop=faces, https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/czdwvhitq7w0mjgodx5jmqlfo4tlojejtgg63i3txbfnkbhklrb4v6birwzlhqyd.jpg?w=350&h=196&fit=crop&crop=faces&dpr=2 2x"/><source srcset="https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/czdwvhitq7w0mjgodx5jmqlfo4tlojejtgg63i3txbfnkbhklrb4v6birwzlhqyd.jpg?w=220&h=123&fit=crop&crop=faces, https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/czdwvhitq7w0mjgodx5jmqlfo4tlojejtgg63i3txbfnkbhklrb4v6birwzlhqyd.jpg?w=220&h=123&fit=crop&crop=faces&dpr=2 2x"/><img alt src="https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/czdwvhitq7w0mjgodx5jmqlfo4tlojejtgg63i3txbfnkbhklrb4v6birwzlhqyd.jpg?w=220&h=123&fit=crop&crop=faces&dpr=2" class="N4z y5h"/></picture></div></div><div class="mFJ NOw"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="OIi"><div class="QVH"><div class="WDi">Culture</div><div class="lFD FC9">By <a href="/profile/tom-barnes-16100472">Tom Barnes</a></div><div class="KYT"><div><time datetime="2015-03-23T16:17:15+00:00">March 23, 2015</time></div></div></div></div><div class="tn6"><div data-adroot="true" class="AOL Afg"><p>The live drummer is an <a href="http://www.cnet.com/news/is-technology-robbing-musics-soul/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">endangered species</a> in much of today's popular music. Modern post-production makes it <a href="http://www.drummagazine.com/plugged-in/post/how-to-add-life-to-the-machine/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">supremely easy</a> to substitute programmed drums for an imperfect human performance, or even to buff out errors from a live take. Increasingly, a good drummer is simply an afterthought for producers.</p><p>But this trend is definitively misguided. Recent scientific studies show there are certain aspects of human-created rhythm that machines cannot replicate, or can only replicate poorly. These tiny imperfections are exactly what draw us to a real human drum player. Live drummers aren't going anywhere anytime soon.</p><div class="sWr iGR CEt"><figure class="Qf5 CMk"><div class="pxF CgC mvL s1076284893"><style>.s1076284893{padding-top:66.6667%}@media(min-width:768px){.s1076284893{padding-top:66.6262%}}</style><noscript><picture><source media="(min-width:768px)" srcset="https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/noboxprcu45zikkdmpvsyhyp9tfw4xvsbsrcriwfkdtpb41fwbo5pbknytbyvzbi.jpg?w=824&h=549&fit=crop&crop=faces, https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/noboxprcu45zikkdmpvsyhyp9tfw4xvsbsrcriwfkdtpb41fwbo5pbknytbyvzbi.jpg?w=824&h=549&fit=crop&crop=faces&dpr=2 2x"/><source srcset="https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/noboxprcu45zikkdmpvsyhyp9tfw4xvsbsrcriwfkdtpb41fwbo5pbknytbyvzbi.jpg?w=414&h=276&fit=crop&crop=faces, https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/noboxprcu45zikkdmpvsyhyp9tfw4xvsbsrcriwfkdtpb41fwbo5pbknytbyvzbi.jpg?w=414&h=276&fit=crop&crop=faces&dpr=2 2x"/><img alt src="https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/noboxprcu45zikkdmpvsyhyp9tfw4xvsbsrcriwfkdtpb41fwbo5pbknytbyvzbi.jpg?w=414&h=276&fit=crop&crop=faces&dpr=2" class="N4z"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="rv9 tm3"><cite class="Afu _Nh">Matt Rourke/AP</cite></figcaption><div class="H0B"></div></figure></div><p><b>Listeners crave imperfection.</b> Even the most professional and seasoned drummers cannot keep time like a drum machine. They fluctuate slightly when attempting to play along to a steady, metronomic beat. But these variations are actually extremely pleasing to the ear.</p><p>"The offsets are typically small, perhaps 10 to 20 [milliseconds]," wrote researcher Holger Hennig in a 2012 <em>Physics Today</em> <a href="http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/magazine/physicstoday/article/65/7/10.1063/PT.3.1650" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">article</a>. "That's less than the time it takes for a dragonfly to flap its wings, but you can tell the difference in the music."</p><p>Many electronic music programs understand these principles and feature "humanizing" — aka "randomizing" — functions to help producers add imperfections back into the music. It turns out that human beat variation is not entirely random. In 2011, Hennig's team had looked carefully at the <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0026457" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">timing</a> of a professional drummer and found that while his hits shifted ahead and behind the beat, they shifted according to a set pattern. Not only that, the highly precise patterns lasted for minutes. "It is as if the human brain has an enduring memory for those deviations," <a href="http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/magazine/physicstoday/article/65/7/10.1063/PT.3.1650" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">wrote</a> the team in <em>Physics Today</em>.</p><p>These kinds of long-range rhythmic variations have been used to great effect by some of our culture's greatest drummers. Questlove purposefully drags way behind the beat on D'Angelo's neo-soul albums, to give that music its <a href="http://www.buzzfeed.com/naomizeichner/dangelo#.rjRYmbQjN" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">"drunk-sounding" swagger</a>. Tony Williams, Miles Davis' virtuosic 19-year-old drummer in his late '60s quintet, was famous for his ability to "<a href="https://jackstilgoe.wordpress.com/2011/11/11/rage-against-the-drum-machine/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">speed up</a>" the beat by pushing just slightly ahead of the rhythm.</p><div class="sWr iGR vrU"><figure class="VE7"><div></div><div></div></figure></div><p><b>But it's more than just feel.</b> While programs can be updated to mirror a more human feel, they still cannot produce the same tremendously wide variety of rhythmic variations that research shows <a href="http://www.mpg.de/4621315/Humanizing_Musical_Rhythms" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">humans prefer</a>.</p><p>"Digital computers are binary machines, which means they compute tasks making decisions between zero and one — yes or no," says musician Jojo Mayer in the mini-documentary <em><a href="http://vimeo.com/93213203" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Between Zero and One</a></em>. "When we play music and generate it in real time, when we improvise, that decision-making process gets condensed to a degree where it surpasses our capability to make conscious decisions anymore. When that happens, I am entering that zone beyond zero and one, beyond yes and no, which is a space that machines cannot access yet. That's the human experience — right between zero and one."</p><p>Mayer makes a compelling demonstration, cycling through a torrent of drum and bass-influenced rhythms that no digital interface could execute while maintaining the same levels of speed, originality and style:</p><div class="sWr iGR vrU"><figure class="VE7"><div><div class="O9g"><div data-iframe-src="https://cdn.embedly.com/widgets/media.html" class="tu9"></div></div></div><div></div></figure></div><p> </p><p><b>Responsiveness is the key: </b>Nate Wood, <a href="http://natewoodmusic.net/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">multi-instrumentalist</a> and drummer for the jazz band <a href="http://kneebody.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Kneebody</a>, also believes improvisation and live presence are the key distinguishing factors that pre-programmed drums can't match. Drumming may vary due to set patterns, but those patterns are always responding to something that only the most talented musicians are sensitive to.</p><p>"[T]he main advantage is improvisation, especially in a band context, as it makes for a much more exciting performance," Wood told <em>Mic</em> via email. "Being able to react to the energy of the audience can create more energy. Visually it might be more exciting as well."</p><div class="sWr iGR vrU"><figure class="VE7"><div></div><div></div></figure></div><p><b>Music is catching on: </b>Though heavily programmed drums are common throughout the industry, a lot of traditionally electronic styles of music are working to bring the power of the live drummer to their stages. Rappers such as <a href="https://mic.com/articles/109848/chance-the-rapper-is-about-to-become-the-biggest-rapper-of-2015" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Chance the Rapper</a>, <a href="https://mic.com/articles/108460/donald-glover-is-leading-a-hip-hop-revolution-this-performance-is-exactly-why" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Childish Gambino</a> and <a href="http://revive-music.com/2015/03/17/kendrick-lamar-pimp-butterfly-meet-musicians-made-album-possible/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Kendrick Lamar</a> have all started incorporating more live instrumentation into their sets. Even electronic acts like AraabMuzik, who creates many of his rhythms live using a sequencer, is mixing <a href="https://youtu.be/_9qQouhoqQk" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">live instrumentation</a> into his electronic sounds.</p><p>The dynamism and irresistibly "human" feel that live drummers bring to musical rhythm will not go out of style anytime soon. No machine will ever be able to replace the heart and soul of a live drummer.</p><div class="CCp"><div><time></time></div></div><aside class="fX2 rhF jIS"><div><div class="lqj TnP"><div><div class="nnm"></div><div class="BMP"><div class="oHL">Stories that Fuel Conversations</div><form class="Kym"><input name="source" type="hidden" value="OnDeck"/><div class="gQD"><input autocomplete="email" name="email" placeholder="enter your email address..." required type="email" value class="VU5 VU5"/><div class="Rp5"><div class="i5n"><input checked id="MIC_CHECK" value="MIC_CHECK" name="MIC_CHECK" type="checkbox"/><label for="MIC_CHECK">Mic Check</label></div><div class="i5n"><input checked id="UP_NEXT" value="UP_NEXT" name="UP_NEXT" type="checkbox"/><label for="UP_NEXT">Up Next</label></div></div><button type="submit" class="qgj">Submit</button><div class="g-0">By subscribing to this BDG newsletter, you agree to our <a href="https://www.bdg.com/info/terms-of-service" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Terms of Service</a> and <a href="https://www.bdg.com/info/privacy-policy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Privacy Policy</a></div></div></form><noscript><a href="/newsletter">Subscribe to our newsletter ></a></noscript></div></div></div><div class="lqj"><div class="z3b"></div><div class="FZb bVd"><a href="/shopping/homedics-modulair-compression-system" class="vok zZ_"><div class="vZT"><div class="QVH"><div class="WDi">Shopping</div></div></div><div class="OO4"><div style="padding-top:100%;" class="vmZ ap2"><noscript><img src="https://imgix.bustle.com/uploads/image/2025/1/31/b753ecbf/sr-cmxk10hja_pdp05.jpg?w=118&h=118&fit=crop&crop=faces&dpr=2" srcset="https://imgix.bustle.com/uploads/image/2025/1/31/b753ecbf/sr-cmxk10hja_pdp05.jpg?w=118&h=118&fit=crop&crop=faces 118w, https://imgix.bustle.com/uploads/image/2025/1/31/b753ecbf/sr-cmxk10hja_pdp05.jpg?w=118&h=118&fit=crop&crop=faces&dpr=2 236w" sizes="118px" alt class="EdX"/></noscript></div></div><div class="Msl"><div class="D-3">These innovative therapy wraps combine heat & compression massage for soothing relief</div></div></a><a href="/shopping/the-most-impressive-ways-to-upgrade-your-home-in-less-than-5-minutes-for-under-30" class="vok zZ_"><div class="vZT"><div class="QVH"><div class="WDi">Shopping</div></div></div><div class="OO4"><div style="padding-top:100%;" class="vmZ ap2"><noscript><img src="https://imgix.bustle.com/uploads/image/2024/12/3/8d612d27/the-most-impressive-ways.jpg?w=118&h=118&fit=crop&crop=faces&dpr=2" srcset="https://imgix.bustle.com/uploads/image/2024/12/3/8d612d27/the-most-impressive-ways.jpg?w=118&h=118&fit=crop&crop=faces 118w, https://imgix.bustle.com/uploads/image/2024/12/3/8d612d27/the-most-impressive-ways.jpg?w=118&h=118&fit=crop&crop=faces&dpr=2 236w" sizes="118px" alt="The most impressive ways to upgrade your home in less than 5 minutes & for under $30" class="EdX"/></noscript></div></div><div class="Msl"><div class="D-3">The most impressive ways to upgrade your home in less than 5 minutes & for under $30</div></div></a><a href="https://www.inverse.com/science/star-wars-map-trope-planets-astronomy-science" class="vok zZ_"><div class="vZT"><div class="QVH"><div class="WDi">Science</div></div></div><div class="OO4"><div style="padding-top:100%;" class="vmZ ap2"><noscript><img src="https://imgix.bustle.com/uploads/image/2025/1/20/8a47320a/map-to-luke-star.jpeg?w=118&h=118&fit=crop&crop=faces&dpr=2" srcset="https://imgix.bustle.com/uploads/image/2025/1/20/8a47320a/map-to-luke-star.jpeg?w=118&h=118&fit=crop&crop=faces 118w, https://imgix.bustle.com/uploads/image/2025/1/20/8a47320a/map-to-luke-star.jpeg?w=118&h=118&fit=crop&crop=faces&dpr=2 236w" sizes="118px" alt class="EdX"/></noscript></div></div><div class="Msl"><div class="D-3">The Dumbest Star Wars Trope Is Also Somehow The Most Scientifically Accurate</div><div class="H60 rxQ vvq"></div></div></a></div></div></div></aside></div></div></article><div class="h5Q"></div><div class="Jqo"><input id="navCheckbox" type="checkbox" class="ecP n7w wJ6"/><input id="searchCheckbox" type="checkbox" class="n7w wYL"/><nav class="zaM"><div class="K8W"><div class="YxB"><div class="izh"><a href="/" class="xkd"><svg viewBox="0 0 214 262" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 257.671L.394 4.331h28.994l18.499 133.557L65.86 4.33h29.257v253.341H66.517l7.61-159.929-17.319 159.929H38.31L20.99 97.742l7.61 159.929H0zM104.18 257.671V4.331h31.881v253.34H104.18zM143.27 219.623V37.653C143.27 17.057 159.144 0 178.43 0c19.549 0 35.423 17.056 35.423 37.654v83.965h-30.7V38.047c0-6.822-1.443-9.708-4.723-9.708-2.886 0-4.329 2.886-4.329 9.708V224.74c0 6.56 1.049 9.053 4.329 9.053s4.723-2.493 4.723-9.053v-88.689h30.7v83.572c0 30.044-14.169 42.377-35.423 42.377-20.991 0-35.16-12.333-35.16-42.377z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="KjX"><label for="searchCheckbox" class="V8B wVE nyh"><button aria-label="open search" type="button" class="CAk"></button></label><label for="navCheckbox" class="V8B wVE BRg"><button aria-label="close nav" type="button" class="CAk"></button></label></div><div class="hbV"><form action="/search" target="_top" autocomplete="off" autocapitalize="off" class="Ag6 Ui6"><input type="search" placeholder="Search Mic..." aria-label="Search Mic" name="q" value class="lix"/></form></div><label for="searchCheckbox" class="V8B gpr"><button aria-label="close search" type="button" class="CAk"></button></label><div class="iX3"><a href="/newsletter" class="f0q">Newsletter</a><a href="https://www.bdg.com/mic" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="f0q">About Us</a><a href="/current/masthead" class="f0q">Masthead</a><a href="https://www.bdg.com/advertise" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="f0q">Advertise</a><a href="https://www.bdg.com/terms" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="f0q">Terms</a><a href="https://www.bdg.com/privacy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="f0q">Privacy</a><a href="https://www.bdg.com/dmca" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="f0q">DMCA</a><button data-privacy-options="true" class="f0q jhc">Your Privacy Options</button></div><div class="VH1 Q-u"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/MicMedia" title="Facebook" class="y9v"><i class="icx Q6Y"></i></a><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://x.com/mic" title="X" class="y9v"><i class="icx b18"></i></a><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://instagram.com/mic" title="Instagram" class="y9v"><i class="icx g9F"></i></a><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/micmediavideo" title="Youtube" class="y9v"><i class="icx coW"></i></a></div><div class="EN6"><div class="fNG"></div><div class="urt">© 2025 BDG Media, Inc. All rights reserved.</div></div></div><form id="verticalsForm" class="eAo"><a href="/culture" class="fdE"><span>Culture</span></a><a href="/identity" class="fdE"><span>Identity</span></a><a href="/life" class="fdE"><span>Life</span></a><a href="/impact" class="fdE"><span>Impact</span></a></form></div></nav></div><noscript data-noscript="true"><img src="https://pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-xPmcrFNGfHkBg.gif"/><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.comp?c1=2&c2=17519299&v=3.9.1&cj=1"/><img src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1636673763227734&ev=PageView&noscript=1"/></noscript><script id="__INITIAL_STATE__" type="application/json">{"pathname":"/articles/113504/science-shows-why-drum-machines-will-never-replace-live-drummers","key":"1508646336","data":{"site":{"name":"MIC","contentByPath":{"header":{"id":"83147374","card":{"__typename":"HeadlineCard","id":"83147375","type":"headline","settings":{},"variant":"simple","fields":{"headline":{"version":"0.3.2","markups":[],"atoms":[],"cards":[],"sections":[[1,"p",[[0,[],0,"Science Shows Why Drum Machines Will Never Replace Live Drummers"]],[]]]},"dek":{"version":"0.3.2","markups":[],"atoms":[],"cards":[],"sections":[[1,"p",[[0,[],0,""]],[]]]},"fontSizeDesktop":"regular","fontSizeMobile":"regular"},"image":{"id":"16114963","url":"https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/czdwvhitq7w0mjgodx5jmqlfo4tlojejtgg63i3txbfnkbhklrb4v6birwzlhqyd.jpg","width":1912,"height":1072}}},"body":{"version":"0.3.2","markups":[["a",["href","http://www.cnet.com/news/is-technology-robbing-musics-soul/"]],["a",["href","http://www.drummagazine.com/plugged-in/post/how-to-add-life-to-the-machine/"]],["b"],["em"],["a",["href","http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/magazine/physicstoday/article/65/7/10.1063/PT.3.1650"]],["a",["href","http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0026457"]],["a",["href","http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/magazine/physicstoday/article/65/7/10.1063/PT.3.1650"]],["a",["href","http://www.buzzfeed.com/naomizeichner/dangelo#.rjRYmbQjN"]],["a",["href","https://jackstilgoe.wordpress.com/2011/11/11/rage-against-the-drum-machine/"]],["a",["href","http://www.mpg.de/4621315/Humanizing_Musical_Rhythms"]],["a",["href","http://vimeo.com/93213203"]],["a",["href","http://natewoodmusic.net/"]],["a",["href","http://kneebody.com/"]],["a",["href","https://mic.com/articles/109848/chance-the-rapper-is-about-to-become-the-biggest-rapper-of-2015"]],["a",["href","https://mic.com/articles/108460/donald-glover-is-leading-a-hip-hop-revolution-this-performance-is-exactly-why"]],["a",["href","http://revive-music.com/2015/03/17/kendrick-lamar-pimp-butterfly-meet-musicians-made-album-possible/"]],["a",["href","https://youtu.be/_9qQouhoqQk"]]],"atoms":[],"cards":[["ZoneCard",{"id":"83147189","pass":"REFERENCE"}],["ZoneCard",{"id":"83147251","pass":"REFERENCE"}],["ZoneCard",{"id":"83147184","pass":"REFERENCE"}],["ZoneCard",{"id":"83147245","pass":"REFERENCE"}]],"sections":[[1,"p",[[0,[],0,"The live drummer is an "],[0,[0],1,"endangered species"],[0,[],0," in much of today's popular music. Modern post-production makes it "],[0,[1],1,"supremely easy"],[0,[],0," to substitute programmed drums for an imperfect human performance, or even to buff out errors from a live take. Increasingly, a good drummer is simply an afterthought for producers."]],[]],[1,"p",[[0,[],0,"But this trend is definitively misguided. Recent scientific studies show there are certain aspects of human-created rhythm that machines cannot replicate, or can only replicate poorly. These tiny imperfections are exactly what draw us to a real human drum player. Live drummers aren't going anywhere anytime soon."]],[]],[10,0],[1,"p",[[0,[2],1,"Listeners crave imperfection."],[0,[],0," Even the most professional and seasoned drummers cannot keep time like a drum machine. They fluctuate slightly when attempting to play along to a steady, metronomic beat. But these variations are actually extremely pleasing to the ear."]],[]],[1,"p",[[0,[],0,"\"The offsets are typically small, perhaps 10 to 20 [milliseconds],\" wrote researcher Holger Hennig in a 2012 "],[0,[3],1,"Physics Today"],[0,[],0," "],[0,[4],1,"article"],[0,[],0,". \"That's less than the time it takes for a dragonfly to flap its wings, but you can tell the difference in the music.\""]],[]],[1,"p",[[0,[],0,"Many electronic music programs understand these principles and feature \"humanizing\" — aka \"randomizing\" — functions to help producers add imperfections back into the music. It turns out that human beat variation is not entirely random. In 2011, Hennig's team had looked carefully at the "],[0,[5],1,"timing"],[0,[],0," of a professional drummer and found that while his hits shifted ahead and behind the beat, they shifted according to a set pattern. Not only that, the highly precise patterns lasted for minutes. \"It is as if the human brain has an enduring memory for those deviations,\" "],[0,[6],1,"wrote"],[0,[],0," the team in "],[0,[3],1,"Physics Today"],[0,[],0,"."]],[]],[1,"p",[[0,[],0,"These kinds of long-range rhythmic variations have been used to great effect by some of our culture's greatest drummers. Questlove purposefully drags way behind the beat on D'Angelo's neo-soul albums, to give that music its "],[0,[7],1,"\"drunk-sounding\" swagger"],[0,[],0,". Tony Williams, Miles Davis' virtuosic 19-year-old drummer in his late '60s quintet, was famous for his ability to \""],[0,[8],1,"speed up"],[0,[],0,"\" the beat by pushing just slightly ahead of the rhythm."]],[]],[10,1],[1,"p",[[0,[2],1,"But it's more than just feel."],[0,[],0," While programs can be updated to mirror a more human feel, they still cannot produce the same tremendously wide variety of rhythmic variations that research shows "],[0,[9],1,"humans prefer"],[0,[],0,"."]],[]],[1,"p",[[0,[],0,"\"Digital computers are binary machines, which means they compute tasks making decisions between zero and one — yes or no,\" says musician Jojo Mayer in the mini-documentary "],[0,[3,10],2,"Between Zero and One"],[0,[],0,". \"When we play music and generate it in real time, when we improvise, that decision-making process gets condensed to a degree where it surpasses our capability to make conscious decisions anymore. When that happens, I am entering that zone beyond zero and one, beyond yes and no, which is a space that machines cannot access yet. That's the human experience — right between zero and one.\""]],[]],[1,"p",[[0,[],0,"Mayer makes a compelling demonstration, cycling through a torrent of drum and bass-influenced rhythms that no digital interface could execute while maintaining the same levels of speed, originality and style:"]],[]],[10,2],[1,"p",[[0,[],0," "]],[]],[1,"p",[[0,[2],1,"Responsiveness is the key: "],[0,[],0,"Nate Wood, "],[0,[11],1,"multi-instrumentalist"],[0,[],0," and drummer for the jazz band "],[0,[12],1,"Kneebody"],[0,[],0,", also believes improvisation and live presence are the key distinguishing factors that pre-programmed drums can't match. Drumming may vary due to set patterns, but those patterns are always responding to something that only the most talented musicians are sensitive to."]],[]],[1,"p",[[0,[],0,"\"[T]he main advantage is improvisation, especially in a band context, as it makes for a much more exciting performance,\" Wood told "],[0,[3],1,"Mic"],[0,[],0," via email. \"Being able to react to the energy of the audience can create more energy. Visually it might be more exciting as well.\""]],[]],[10,3],[1,"p",[[0,[2],1,"Music is catching on: "],[0,[],0,"Though heavily programmed drums are common throughout the industry, a lot of traditionally electronic styles of music are working to bring the power of the live drummer to their stages. Rappers such as "],[0,[13],1,"Chance the Rapper"],[0,[],0,", "],[0,[14],1,"Childish Gambino"],[0,[],0," and "],[0,[15],1,"Kendrick Lamar"],[0,[],0," have all started incorporating more live instrumentation into their sets. Even electronic acts like AraabMuzik, who creates many of his rhythms live using a sequencer, is mixing "],[0,[16],1,"live instrumentation"],[0,[],0," into his electronic sounds."]],[]],[1,"p",[[0,[],0,"The dynamism and irresistibly \"human\" feel that live drummers bring to musical rhythm will not go out of style anytime soon. No machine will ever be able to replace the heart and soul of a live drummer."]],[]]]},"bodyZones":[{"id":"83147189","card":{"media":{"__typename":"Image","id":"16114964","url":"https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/noboxprcu45zikkdmpvsyhyp9tfw4xvsbsrcriwfkdtpb41fwbo5pbknytbyvzbi.jpg","width":3045,"height":2030},"__typename":"MediaCard","id":"83147190","type":"media","settings":{},"variant":"textWidth","fields":{"attribution":"Matt Rourke/AP"},"image":{"id":"16114964","url":"https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/noboxprcu45zikkdmpvsyhyp9tfw4xvsbsrcriwfkdtpb41fwbo5pbknytbyvzbi.jpg","attribution":"Matt Rourke/AP","width":3045,"height":2030}}},{"id":"83147251","card":{"oembed":{"id":"83147241","url":"https://www.youtube.com","thumbnailUrl":"https://www.youtube.com/img/desktop/yt_1200.png","title":"YouTube","description":"Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube.","providerName":"Youtube","type":"LINK"},"__typename":"OembedCard","id":"83147252","type":"oembed","settings":{},"variant":"unbounded","fields":{"url":"https://youtube.com/watch?v=RsCjeHWXiGY"}}},{"id":"83147184","card":{"oembed":{"id":"16420937","url":"https://cdn.embedly.com/widgets/media.html","providerName":"Embedly","type":"LINK"},"__typename":"OembedCard","id":"83147185","type":"oembed","settings":{},"variant":"unbounded","fields":{"url":"https://cdn.embedly.com/widgets/media.html?src=https%3A%2F%2Fplayer.vimeo.com%2Fvideo%2F93213203\u0026url=https%3A%2F%2Fvimeo.com%2F93213203\u0026image=http%3A%2F%2Fi.vimeocdn.com%2Fvideo%2F475729375_1280.jpg\u0026key=25bf3602073943478e54668402a4f5a8\u0026type=text%2Fhtml\u0026schema=vimeo"}}},{"id":"83147245","card":{"oembed":{"id":"83147216","url":"https://www.youtube.com/","thumbnailUrl":"https://www.youtube.com/img/desktop/yt_1200.png","title":"YouTube","description":"Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube.","providerName":"Youtube","type":"LINK"},"__typename":"OembedCard","id":"83147246","type":"oembed","settings":{},"variant":"unbounded","fields":{"url":"https://youtube.com/watch?v=4jozb9lhZXg"}}}],"eyebrow":{"path":"/culture","text":"Culture","visible":true},"nsfaLevel":"LOW","teaser":{"title":"Science Shows Why Drum Machines Will Never Replace Live Drummers","summary":{"version":"0.3.2","markups":[],"atoms":[],"cards":[],"sections":[[1,"p",[[0,[],0,""]],[]]]},"image":{"url":"https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/czdwvhitq7w0mjgodx5jmqlfo4tlojejtgg63i3txbfnkbhklrb4v6birwzlhqyd.jpg","width":1912,"height":1072}},"renderAffiliateDisclosure":false,"canDisplayAds":true,"description":"The live drummer is an endangered species in much of today's popular music. Modern post-production makes it supremely easy to substitute programmed drums for an imperfect human performance, or even to buff out errors from a live take. Increasingly,…","noindex":false,"slug":"articles-113504-science-shows-why-drum-machines-will-never-replace-live-drummers","site":{"name":"MIC"},"type":"CardPage","__typename":"CardPage","id":"83147376","amp":false,"canonicalUrl":"https://www.mic.com/articles/113504/science-shows-why-drum-machines-will-never-replace-live-drummers","firstPublishedAt":1427127435000,"path":"/articles/113504/science-shows-why-drum-machines-will-never-replace-live-drummers","publishedAt":1427127435000,"showAuthors":true,"sponsored":false,"title":"Science Shows Why Drum Machines Will Never Replace Live Drummers","url":"https://www.mic.com/articles/113504/science-shows-why-drum-machines-will-never-replace-live-drummers","authorConnection":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"16100472","name":"Tom Barnes","path":"/profile/tom-barnes-16100472","primaryMedia":{"url":"https://imgix.bustle.com/mic/a4437152a5406355ca38065366ea72e23fa5731ce201526f90171d910ae277e4.jpg"}}}]},"categoryConnection":{"nodes":[]},"tags":[{"slug":"science"},{"slug":"culture"},{"slug":"adex-light-bid"}],"vertical":{"slug":"culture","name":"Culture"},"related":{"nodes":[{"__typename":"CardPage","id":"368592499","title":"This weird new gadget just might be the secret to muscle relief","path":"/shopping/homedics-modulair-compression-system","site":{"url":"https://www.mic.com"},"showAuthors":true,"authorConnection":{"nodes":[{"name":"Danielle Kraese"}]},"publishedAt":1739719585469,"vertical":{"name":"Shopping"},"teaser":{"title":"These innovative therapy wraps combine heat \u0026 compression massage for soothing relief","image":{"url":"https://imgix.bustle.com/uploads/image/2025/1/31/b753ecbf/sr-cmxk10hja_pdp05.jpg","width":3000,"height":3000}},"eyebrow":{"text":"Shopping","visible":true},"header":{"card":{"image":{"url":"https://imgix.bustle.com/uploads/image/2025/1/31/b753ecbf/sr-cmxk10hja_pdp05.jpg","width":3000,"height":3000}}}},{"__typename":"ListiclePage","id":"355019937","title":"The most impressive ways to upgrade your home in less than 5 minutes \u0026 for under $30","path":"/shopping/the-most-impressive-ways-to-upgrade-your-home-in-less-than-5-minutes-for-under-30","site":{"url":"https://www.mic.com"},"showAuthors":true,"authorConnection":{"nodes":[{"name":"Erin Celletti"}]},"publishedAt":1739719305417,"vertical":{"name":"Shopping"},"teaser":{"title":"The most impressive ways to upgrade your home in less than 5 minutes \u0026 for under $30","image":{"url":"https://imgix.bustle.com/uploads/image/2024/12/3/8d612d27/the-most-impressive-ways.jpg","description":"The most impressive ways to upgrade your home in less than 5 minutes \u0026 for under $30","width":1500,"height":820}},"eyebrow":{"text":"Shopping","visible":true},"header":{"card":{"image":{"url":"https://imgix.bustle.com/uploads/image/2024/12/3/8d612d27/the-most-impressive-ways.jpg","description":"The most impressive ways to upgrade your home in less than 5 minutes \u0026 for under $30","width":1500,"height":820}}}}]},"crossSiteRelated":{"nodes":[{"__typename":"CardPage","id":"369067676","title":"The Dumbest Star Wars Trope Is Also the Most Realistic According To Science","path":"/science/star-wars-map-trope-planets-astronomy-science","site":{"url":"https://www.inverse.com"},"showAuthors":true,"authorConnection":{"nodes":[{"name":"Ryan Britt"}]},"publishedAt":1738847725077,"vertical":{"name":"Science"},"teaser":{"title":"The Dumbest Star Wars Trope Is Also Somehow The Most Scientifically Accurate","image":{"url":"https://imgix.bustle.com/uploads/image/2025/1/20/8a47320a/map-to-luke-star.jpeg","width":2800,"height":1400}},"eyebrow":{"text":"Reel Science","visible":true},"header":{"card":{"image":{"url":"https://imgix.bustle.com/uploads/image/2025/1/20/8a47320a/map-to-luke-star.jpeg","width":2800,"height":1400}}}}]}}}}}</script><script>__ctx__={"version":"1d2e4bdd5"}</script><script defer src="https://geo.bdg.com?script=__ctx__"></script><script defer src="https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/main-c404912a90.js"></script><script defer src="https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/runtime-a9bae45cd5.js"></script><script defer src="https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/vendors-f8e0b01ac7.js"></script><script defer src="https://cdn2.bustle.com/2025/mic/CardPage-07362c1cd1.js"></script><script>if(!RegExp('[?&]'+atob('KGFkZXgtKT9ub2Fkcw==')+'(=|&|$)','i').test(location.search)){const d=document,s=d.createElement('script');s.async=1,s.src='https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js',d.head.appendChild(s)}</script></body></html>