Joshua B. Bederson: The Sculptor | Mount Sinai

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"a6b76958a6",applicationID:"745399268"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.283.2.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},217:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>m,gD:()=>v,xN:()=>h});r(860).K7.genericEvents;const n="experimental.marks",i="experimental.measures",o="experimental.resources",a=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var s=r(614),c=r(944),u=r(384),l=r(122);const d="[data-nr-mask]",f=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(i)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(o)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:s.wk,inactiveMs:s.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){a(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(d):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,c.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){a(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,c.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,c.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:["id","className","tagName","type"]}}},g={},p="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function m(e){if(!e)throw new Error(p);if(!g[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return g[e]}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(p);g[e]=(0,l.a)(t,f());const r=(0,u.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=g[e])}function v(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(p);var r=m(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>d});var n=r(122),i=r(384),o=r(154),a=r(324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0,harvester:void 0},l={};function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!l[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");l[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(l[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(l[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=l[e])}},324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.283.2",i="PROD",o="CDN"},154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>l,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,l=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>d,x3:()=>u});var n=r(836),i=r(606),o=r(860),a=r(646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};l(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function d(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(l(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(990),o=r(371),a=r(646),s=r(607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},l={},d=!1;try{d=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=m(e),l=c.length,d=0;d<l;d++)c[d].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:h,listeners:m,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:d?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:d};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=m(e).concat(t)}function m(e){return n[e]||[]}function h(t){return l[t]=l[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),l=(0,n.Zm)();l.ee||(l.ee=u)},646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(566).bz)()},566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(836),i=r(154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>l,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>d});var n=r(154),i=r(863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function l(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(836),i=r(607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];l(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return l(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,l,d;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],l="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],l],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],l,c);try{return d=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],l,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,d],l,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function l(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A$:()=>o,ET:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o={OFF:0,ERROR:1,WARN:2,INFO:3,DEBUG:4,TRACE:5},a="log";n.K7.logging},773:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{z_:()=>o,XG:()=>s,TZ:()=>n,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a});r(154),r(566),r(384);const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(836),i=r(687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>K});var n=r(860),i=r(555),o=r(371),a=r(908),s=r(836),c=r(687),u=r(289),l=r(154),d=r(944),f=r(773),g=r(384),p=r(344);const m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","recordCustomEvent","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(863),b=r(614),y=r(993);var w=r(646),R=r(434);const A=new Map;function E(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,d.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,R.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes;const c=t[r]?.[R.Jt]||t[r];return A.set(c,a),o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",(()=>A.get(c))),i}function _(){const e=(0,g.pV)();m.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,d.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function N(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const m={};var w=s.ee.get(e),R=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var A="api-",_=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function k(){}m.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,v.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},m.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),E(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},h.forEach((e=>{m[e]=j(A,e,!0,"api")})),m.addPageAction=j(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),m.recordCustomEvent=j(A,"recordCustomEvent",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),m.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},m.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,d.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,d.R)(39,typeof e)},m.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,d.R)(41,typeof e)},m.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,d.R)(42,typeof e)},m.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,d.R)(23,e)}},m[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},m[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},m.interaction=function(e){return(new k).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const T=k.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(R.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw R.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{R.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[r?(0,v.t)():performance.now(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function I(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,d.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{T[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),m.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),m.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},l.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>I()),!0):I(),m}var k=r(217),T=r(122);const j={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},I={};var O=r(284);const S=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let P=!1;function K(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:d={},exposed:f=!0}=t;d.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,k.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");I[e]=(0,T.a)(t,j);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=I[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},l.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const m=(0,k.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),h=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];P||(m.proxy.assets&&(S(m.proxy.assets),h.push(m.proxy.assets)),m.proxy.beacon&&h.push(m.proxy.beacon),_(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===m.soft_navigations.enabled&&m.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),d.denyList=[...m.ajax.deny_list||[],...m.ajax.block_internal?h:[]],d.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,d),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=N(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),P=!0}},374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>u,K7:()=>s,P3:()=>c,XX:()=>i,qY:()=>n,v4:()=>a});const n="events",i="jserrors",o="browser/blobs",a="rum",s={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:i,logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},c={[s.pageViewEvent]:1,[s.pageViewTiming]:2,[s.metrics]:3,[s.jserrors]:4,[s.spa]:5,[s.ajax]:6,[s.sessionTrace]:7,[s.softNav]:8,[s.sessionReplay]:9,[s.logging]:10,[s.genericEvents]:11},u={[s.pageViewEvent]:a,[s.pageViewTiming]:n,[s.ajax]:n,[s.spa]:n,[s.softNav]:n,[s.metrics]:i,[s.jserrors]:i,[s.sessionTrace]:o,[s.sessionReplay]:o,[s.logging]:"browser/logs",[s.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.283.2.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.283.2.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),l=0;l<u.length;l++){var d=u[l];if(d.getAttribute("src")==r||d.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=d;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-2Y8GMAOGF658KnXzOZ/v+DlLch8TBFvV0tTNnOy9wrpvtDa1t5CdZMyX+LubTymBlzPp6NUjllBghMCZqXBPmg=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={374:0,840:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.283.2.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.283.2.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(374);var e=i(944),t=i(344),r=i(566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(){this.agentIdentifier=(0,r.LA)(16)}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e("recordCustomEvent",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(217);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var l=i(603);var d=i(687),f=i(234),g=i(289),p=i(154),m=i(384);const h=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function v(e){return!!(0,m.dV)().o.MO&&h(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,d.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,d.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(h(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,d.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),t.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,d.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return v(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(630);class R extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var A=i(908),E=i(843),_=i(878),x=i(782),N=i(863);class k extends y{static featureName=x.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,x.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,A.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,x.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,_.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,A.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,x.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var T=i(773);class j extends y{static featureName=T.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,T.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t){super(),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,m.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(R),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,l.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,m.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[R,k,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script><script type="text/javascript" id="User1st_Snippet"> var u1stConfiguration = { accessibilityBtn: { useMy: 'u1st-accessibility-button', useMyClass: 'u1st-aria-btn' }, desktop: { button: { showTitle: true } }, mobile: { button: { showTitle: true } } } var script = document.createElement("script"); script.id = "User1st_Switcher"; script.src = "https://ufe.user1st.info/content/frontend.prod.js"; var documentPosition = document.head || document.documentElement; documentPosition.insertAdjacentElement("afterbegin", script); </script> <style> button#u1st-accessibility-button, button.u1st-aria-btn { background: #221F72 !important; background-color: #221F72 !important; } </style> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://assets.sitescdn.net/answers/dev/dev-iife/answers.css?v=1739892234756build_mshealth=2756" /> <script src="https://assets.sitescdn.net/answers/v1.4.2/answerstemplates-iife.compiled.min.js?v=1739892234756build_mshealth=2756"></script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.2.0/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/mshealth/themes/default/scripts/libraries/jquery-ui.min.js?v=1739892234756&build_mshealth=2756"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.5/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/handlebars.js/4.7.8/handlebars.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/mshealth/themes/default/scripts/responsive-table.js?v=1739892234756&build_mshealth=2756"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/mshealth/themes/default/scripts/libraries/jquery.dotdotdot.js?v=1739892234756&build_mshealth=2756"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/mshealth/themes/default/scripts/libraries/typeahead.js?v=1739892234756&build_mshealth=2756"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/mshealth/themes/default/scripts/libraries/bootstrap-typeahead.min.js?v=1739892234756&build_mshealth=2756"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/mshealth/themes/default/scripts/dsmGlobal.js?v=1739892234756build_mshealth=2756"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/mshealth/themes/default/scripts/socialmedia-wall.js?v=1739892234756build_mshealth=2756"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/mshealth/themes/default/scripts/epic/waittime.js?v=1739892234756build_mshealth=2756"></script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="//translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=googleTranslateElementInit"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function googleTranslateElementInit() { new google.translate.TranslateElement({pageLanguage: 'en'}, 'google_translate_element'); } </script> <script src="https://assets.sitescdn.net/answers/dev/dev-iife/answers.js?v=1739892234756build_mshealth=2756" onload="ANSWERS.domReady(initAnswers)" async defer></script>  <script> var _prum = [['id', '56facb39abe53d4d2c361d38'], ['mark', 'firstbyte', (new Date()).getTime()]]; (function() { var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0] , p = document.createElement('script'); p.async = 'async'; p.src = '//rum-static.pingdom.net/prum.min.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(p, s); })(); </script>  <link href="/mshealth/themes/default/styles/owl-carousel.css?v=1739892234756build_mshealth=2756" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/mshealth/themes/default/styles/fonts.css?v=1739892234756&build_mshealth=2756"> <script type="text/javascript"> var MTIProjectId='dce02f95-1b56-4a71-b18f-24a3c33952da'; (function() { var mtiTracking = document.createElement('script'); mtiTracking.type='text/javascript'; mtiTracking.async='true'; mtiTracking.src='/mshealth/themes/default/scripts/mtiFontTrackingCode.js?v=1739892234756&build_mshealth=2756'; (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild( mtiTracking ); })(); </script> <link href="/mshealth/themes/default/styles/vendor.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/mshealth/themes/default/styles/style.css?v=1739892234756build_mshealth=2756"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/mshealth/themes/default/styles/override.css?v=1739892234756build_mshealth=2756"> <title>Joshua B. Bederson: The Sculptor | Mount Sinai - New York</title>  <meta property="og:description" CONTENT="Listen to Dr. Joshua B. Bederson reflect on his passions, and how computer-assisted technology is making neurosurgery faster, safer, and less invasive."> <meta name="description" CONTENT="Listen to Dr. Joshua B. Bederson reflect on his passions, and how computer-assisted technology is making neurosurgery faster, safer, and less invasive."> <meta property="og:url" CONTENT="https://www.mountsinai.org/about/newsroom/podcasts/real-smart-people/joshua-sculptor"> <meta property="og:image" CONTENT="https://www.mountsinai.org/mshealth/themes/default/media/images/logo-color.png"> <meta property="og:site_name" CONTENT="Mount Sinai Health System"> <meta property="og:type" CONTENT="website"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@MountSinaiNYC" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Joshua B. Bederson: The Sculptor" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Listen to Dr. Joshua B. Bederson reflect on his passions, and how computer-assisted technology is making neurosurgery faster, safer, and less invasive." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.mountsinai.org/mshealth/themes/default/media/images/logo-color.png" />  <script async src="https://cdn.penrod.co/scripts/Penrod.HCWT-min.js" onload="Penrod.HCWT.init('https://tag.mountsinai.org/')"> </script> <script>(window.BOOMR_mq=window.BOOMR_mq||[]).push(["addVar",{"rua.upush":"false","rua.cpush":"false","rua.upre":"false","rua.cpre":"false","rua.uprl":"false","rua.cprl":"false","rua.cprf":"false","rua.trans":"","rua.cook":"false","rua.ims":"false","rua.ufprl":"false","rua.cfprl":"false","rua.isuxp":"false","rua.texp":"norulematch","rua.ceh":"false","rua.ueh":"false","rua.ieh.st":"0"}]);</script> <script>!function(a){var e="https://s.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/",t="addEventListener";if("False"=="True")a.BOOMR_config=a.BOOMR_config||{},a.BOOMR_config.PageParams=a.BOOMR_config.PageParams||{},a.BOOMR_config.PageParams.pci=!0,e="https://s2.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/";if(window.BOOMR_API_key="BFBHG-C2X3N-GCWAN-UMPXK-HSX6S",function(){function n(e){a.BOOMR_onload=e&&e.timeStamp||(new Date).getTime()}if(!a.BOOMR||!a.BOOMR.version&&!a.BOOMR.snippetExecuted){a.BOOMR=a.BOOMR||{},a.BOOMR.snippetExecuted=!0;var i,_,o,r=document.createElement("iframe");if(a[t])a[t]("load",n,!1);else if(a.attachEvent)a.attachEvent("onload",n);r.src="javascript:void(0)",r.title="",r.role="presentation",(r.frameElement||r).style.cssText="width:0;height:0;border:0;display:none;",o=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],o.parentNode.insertBefore(r,o);try{_=r.contentWindow.document}catch(O){i=document.domain,r.src="javascript:var d=document.open();d.domain='"+i+"';void(0);",_=r.contentWindow.document}_.open()._l=function(){var a=this.createElement("script");if(i)this.domain=i;a.id="boomr-if-as",a.src=e+"BFBHG-C2X3N-GCWAN-UMPXK-HSX6S",BOOMR_lstart=(new Date).getTime(),this.body.appendChild(a)},_.write("<bo"+'dy onload="document._l();">'),_.close()}}(),"".length>0)if(a&&"performance"in a&&a.performance&&"function"==typeof a.performance.setResourceTimingBufferSize)a.performance.setResourceTimingBufferSize();!function(){if(BOOMR=a.BOOMR||{},BOOMR.plugins=BOOMR.plugins||{},!BOOMR.plugins.AK){var e=""=="true"?1:0,t="",n="bdpnbetiiuryez6ex3za-f-3b01e5ec0-clientnsv4-s.akamaihd.net",i="false"=="true"?2:1,_={"ak.v":"39","ak.cp":"695539","ak.ai":parseInt("479950",10),"ak.ol":"0","ak.cr":3,"ak.ipv":4,"ak.proto":"http/1.1","ak.rid":"11794e55","ak.r":23331,"ak.a2":e,"ak.m":"x","ak.n":"essl","ak.bpcip":"8.222.208.0","ak.cport":54416,"ak.gh":"23.50.232.157","ak.quicv":"","ak.tlsv":"tls1.2","ak.0rtt":"","ak.0rtt.ed":"","ak.csrc":"-","ak.acc":"reno","ak.t":"1740947186","ak.ak":"hOBiQwZUYzCg5VSAfCLimQ==aOY+iYT7apzL3PpG4U+yq2McTijPQAPK5TnewUNKwy1DDnaRA9B7Bs0yMA3FpKtqI1UGYdjsM7T5hbefrLiCY8+HCHZYKQgKAAEQldGFGqXjAmddipWeARU2uw3Qs+hGIZyzCJtDU7ElhoeE6U1zeQqTSF7BCN3edfMDmWj+dPxwauudRDEnu08kXskIlukXJiDZ9d9BUXDTZ4fVSwIkUeRdFIZchjSLIRp4s8zIlm03SWNvkJWimt8P9FT58KZN3KvUUYbeEjuPREEqDUMqcKJGOBfFDMEQnwmtPhun8lviCZGpAVmT10rpkDvTyKHl1cAQxrsL4S/gdlshI6r3n3qiSr+ZiEdu63QrsBZ+xtoAW7jlx8pr514XmCwp3CEFFhxrZNnDENWrJ2FNeGlbKC/Q2ATVPLWeNGAg6Di2X5k=","ak.pv":"59","ak.dpoabenc":"","ak.tf":i};if(""!==t)_["ak.ruds"]=t;var o={i:!1,av:function(e){var t="http.initiator";if(e&&(!e[t]||"spa_hard"===e[t]))_["ak.feo"]=void 0!==a.aFeoApplied?1:0,BOOMR.addVar(_)},rv:function(){var a=["ak.bpcip","ak.cport","ak.cr","ak.csrc","ak.gh","ak.ipv","ak.m","ak.n","ak.ol","ak.proto","ak.quicv","ak.tlsv","ak.0rtt","ak.0rtt.ed","ak.r","ak.acc","ak.t","ak.tf"];BOOMR.removeVar(a)}};BOOMR.plugins.AK={akVars:_,akDNSPreFetchDomain:n,init:function(){if(!o.i){var a=BOOMR.subscribe;a("before_beacon",o.av,null,null),a("onbeacon",o.rv,null,null),o.i=!0}return this},is_complete:function(){return!0}}}}()}(window);</script></head> <body class="hospital-subpage__container--main" data-site="mshealth">   <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5Z94L8" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push( {'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'} );var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5Z94L8');</script>  <script type="text/javascript"> (function(window, document, dataLayerName, id) { window[dataLayerName]=window[dataLayerName]||[],window[dataLayerName].push({start:(new Date).getTime(),event:"stg.start"});var scripts=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],tags=document.createElement('script'); function stgCreateCookie(a,b,c){var d="";if(c){var e=new Date;e.setTime(e.getTime()+24*c*60*60*1e3),d="; expires="+e.toUTCString()}document.cookie=a+"="+b+d+"; path=/"} var isStgDebug=(window.location.href.match("stg_debug")||document.cookie.match("stg_debug"))&&!window.location.href.match("stg_disable_debug");stgCreateCookie("stg_debug",isStgDebug?1:"",isStgDebug?14:-1); var qP=[];dataLayerName!=="dataLayer"&&qP.push("data_layer_name="+dataLayerName),isStgDebug&&qP.push("stg_debug");var qPString=qP.length>0?("?"+qP.join("&")):""; tags.async=!0,tags.src="https://mountsinai.containers.piwik.pro/"+id+".js"+qPString,scripts.parentNode.insertBefore(tags,scripts); !function(a,n,i){a[n]=a[n]||{};for(var c=0;c<i.length;c++)!function(i){a[n][i]=a[n][i]||{},a[n][i].api=a[n][i].api||function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments,0);"string"==typeof a[0]&&window[dataLayerName].push({event:n+"."+i+":"+a[0],parameters:[].slice.call(arguments,1)})}}(i[c])}(window,"ppms",["tm","cm"]); })(window, document, 'dataLayer', 'a27d2fb5-8255-4f15-94c7-cd1f4ffb0436'); </script>   <script src="https://mountsinaiassetsbucket.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/unifiedORGscript.js"></script> <script id="appointmentDlg" type="text/x-handlebars-template"> <div class="modal faceted dynamic fad-raazdoc-modal fad-raazdoc-modal--profile"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-10"> <h4 id="facetedLabel" class="modal-title">Request an appointment with {{fullName}}{{#if degree}}, {{degree}}{{/if}}</h4> </div> <div class="col-xs-2"> <a data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close" class="close pull-right">close<span aria-hidden="true">×</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"></div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div> {{#if isConsumerDigitalEnabled}} <a href="/profiles/{{furl}}#schedule" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'FAD', 'MAA', 'ZocDoc'])" class="zd-plugin zocdoc btn btn-large btn-pink btn-action visible-md-inline-block visible-lg-inline-block"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> Schedule an Appointment</a> <a href="/profiles/{{furl}}#schedule" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'FAD', 'MAA', 'ZocDoc'])" class="btn btn-large btn-pink btn-action hidden-md hidden-lg" ><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> Schedule an Appointment</a> {{else if zocdocId}} <a href="/profiles/{{furl}}#schedule" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'FAD', 'MAA', 'ZocDoc'])" class="zd-plugin zocdoc btn btn-large btn-pink btn-action visible-md-inline-block visible-lg-inline-block"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> Schedule an Appointment</a> <a href="/profiles/{{furl}}#schedule" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'FAD', 'MAA', 'ZocDoc'])" class="btn btn-large btn-pink btn-action hidden-md hidden-lg" ><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> Schedule an Appointment</a> {{else}} <h4>Appointments for {{fullName}} can be made at the following {{{pluralize patientOffices 'location'}}}:</h4> <ul class="modal-cta-list"> {{#each patientOffices}} {{#if isConsumerDigitalEnabled}} <a href="/profiles/{{furl}}#schedule" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'FAD', 'MAA', 'ZocDoc'])" class="zd-plugin zocdoc btn btn-large btn-pink btn-action visible-md-inline-block visible-lg-inline-block"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> Schedule an Appointment</a> <a href="/profiles/{{furl}}#schedule" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'FAD', 'MAA', 'ZocDoc'])" class="btn btn-large btn-pink btn-action hidden-md hidden-lg fad-raazdoc-modal-btn--sap" ><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> Schedule an Appointment</a> {{else if isZocdocEnabled}} <li class="appointment-modal-addr"> <div> {{#if description}}{{description}}<br/>{{/if}} {{#if address1}}{{address1}}<br/>{{/if}} {{#if address2}}{{address2}}<br/>{{/if}} {{city}}, {{state}} {{zip}}<br/> {{#if primaryPhone}}<strong>Phone: </strong><a href="tel:{{this.primaryPhone}}">{{primaryPhone}}</a><br/>{{/if}} </div> <div class="cta"> <a href="/profiles/{{furl}}#schedule" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'FAD', 'MAA', 'ZocDoc'])" class="zd-plugin zocdoc btn btn-large btn-pink btn-action visible-md-inline-block visible-lg-inline-block"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> Schedule an Appointment</a> <a href="/profiles/{{furl}}#schedule" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'FAD', 'MAA', 'ZocDoc'])" class="btn btn-large btn-pink btn-action hidden-md hidden-lg fad-raazdoc-modal-btn--sap" ><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> Schedule an Appointment</a> </div> </li> {{else}} {{#if acceptingAppointments}} <li class="appointment-modal-addr"> <div> {{#if description}}{{description}}<br/>{{/if}} {{#if address1}}{{address1}}<br/>{{/if}} {{#if address2}}{{address2}}<br/>{{/if}} {{city}}, {{state}} {{zip}}<br/> {{#if primaryPhone}}<strong>Phone: </strong><a href="tel:{{this.primaryPhone}}">{{primaryPhone}}</a><br/>{{/if}} </div> <div class="cta"> <a href="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid={{../id}}&office_id={{officeId}}&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org" class="btn btn-large btn-pink btn-action">Request an Appointment</a> </div> </li> {{/if}} {{/if}} {{/each}} </ul> {{/if}} </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer white-bg"> <button type="button" data-dismiss="modal" class="btn btn-default btn-large pull-left">Cancel</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </script>  <header class="c01-crown navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top yxt-search__container--nav" data-elastic-exclude> <div class="white-bg clear-height"> <div class="navbar-brand"> <a href="/"> <img src="/mshealth/themes/default/media/images/logo-color.png" alt="Mount Sinai" width="130" height="44"> </a> </div> <div class="mobile-menu pull-right visible-xs"> <button type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".main-nav" aria-expanded="false" class="collapsed menu-button"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span><i class="fa fa-bars"></i> </button> <button type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".search.collapse" aria-expanded="false" class="collapsed search-button global-search__btn--mobile global-search__btn--region-header"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle search</span> <section class="global-search__container--parent"> <div class="global-search__container--icon global-search__container--maglass"> <i class="fa fa-search" aria-label="open search"></i> <span>Search</span> </div> <div class="global-search__container--icon global-search__container--times"> <i class="fa fa-times" aria-label="close search"></i> <span>Close</span> </div> </section> </button> </div> </div> <div class="blue-sky-bg"> <div class="container">  <nav class="search collapse"> <div class="search_form_mobile" data-searchtype="headerRegion"> </div> </nav> <nav class="main-nav collapse"> <ul class="navbar nav navbar-nav" data-elastic-exclude> <li class="no-expand-mobile visible-xs"> <a href="tel:+18006374624" role="button" class="hidden-xs dropdown" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" > 1-800-MD-SINAI </a> <a href="tel:+18006374624" class="visible-xs dropdown" > 1-800-MD-SINAI </a> </li> <li class="no-expand-mobile"> <i role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="fa fa-angle-down"></i> <a href="/find-a-doctor" role="button" class="hidden-xs dropdown" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" > Find a Doctor </a> <a href="/find-a-doctor" class="visible-xs dropdown" > Find a Doctor </a> </li> <li class="no-expand-mobile"> <i role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="fa fa-angle-down"></i> <a href="/appointment" role="button" class="hidden-xs dropdown" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" > Request an Appointment </a> <a href="/appointment" class="visible-xs dropdown" > Request an Appointment </a> <div class="dropdown-menu mega-dropdown-menu maa"> <div class="container"> <ul class="megaNavUtilityLinks"> <li> <i class="fa fa-calendar" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a href="/appointment/sameday">Same-Day Appointments</a> </li> </ul> <span class="title font-24 lightfont">Request an Appointment</span>  <section class="form merged-single"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div> <form method="get" class=""> <div class="form-group"> <fieldset> <legend class="hide">RAA</legend> <ul> <li> <label> <input type="radio" name="search-by" value="maa-byname"><span>By Name</span> </label> </li> <li> <label> <input type="radio" name="search-by" value="maa-byspecialty" id="maa-by-specialty"><span>By Specialty</span> </label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="form-group form-inline panel maa-byname"> <input type="text" name="name" aria-label="Name" placeholder="Name" class="form-control"> <div class="button-div">Next</div> </div> <div class="form-group form-inline panel maa-byspecialty"> <div class="select"> <select name="select" title="Select specialty drop down menu" aria-labelledby="maa-by-specialty"> <option value="" disabled="" selected="">Select Specialty</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000001" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000001" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000001&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000001&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Acupuncture</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000002" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000002" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000002&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000002&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Adolescent Medicine</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000003" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000003" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000003&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000003&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Allergy and Immunology</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000004" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000004" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000004&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000004&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Anesthesiology</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000005" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000005" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000005&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000005&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Breast Cancer</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000062" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000062" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000062&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000062&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Cancer (Oncology)</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000010" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000010" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000010&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000010&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Cardiology</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000011" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000011" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000011&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000011&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Cardiovascular Surgery</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000017" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000017" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000017&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000017&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Dentistry</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000020" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000020" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000020&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000020&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Ear, Nose, Throat (Otolaryngology)</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000021" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000021" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000021&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000021&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000027" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000027" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000027&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000027&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Gastroenterology</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000052" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000052" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000052&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000052&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Genetics and Genomics</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000029" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000029" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000029&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000029&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Geriatric Medicine</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000037" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000037" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000037&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000037&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Hematology</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000039" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000039" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000039&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000039&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Infectious Disease</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000040" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000040" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000040&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000040&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Internal Medicine</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000055" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000055" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000055&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000055&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Nephrology</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000056" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000056" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000056&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000056&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Neurological/Neurosurgery</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000057" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000057" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000057&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000057&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Neurology</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000060" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000060" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000060&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000060&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Obstetrics and Gynecology</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000061" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000061" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000061&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000061&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Occupational Medicine</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000065" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000065" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000065&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000065&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Ophthalmology</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000069" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000069" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000069&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000069&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Orthopaedic / Orthopaedic Surgery</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD00000000070" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000070" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD00000000070&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000070&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Pain Management</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD000000000071" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO00000000071" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD000000000071&office_id=MSH00100OOO00000000071&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Pediatrics</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD000000000101" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO000000000101" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD000000000101&office_id=MSH00100OOO000000000101&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD000000000102" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO000000000102" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD000000000102&office_id=MSH00100OOO000000000102&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Podiatry</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD000000000104" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO000000000104" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD000000000104&office_id=MSH00100OOO000000000104&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Preventive Medicine</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD000000000103" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO000000000103" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD000000000103&office_id=MSH00100OOO000000000103&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Primary Care (Internal Medicine)</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD000000000106" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO000000000106" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD000000000106&office_id=MSH00100OOO000000000106&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Psychology-PhD</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD000000000109" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO000000000109" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD000000000109&office_id=MSH00100OOO000000000109&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Pulmonology/Sleep Medicine</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD000000000111" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO000000000111" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD000000000111&office_id=MSH00100OOO000000000111&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Radiology</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD000000000114" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO000000000114" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD000000000114&office_id=MSH00100OOO000000000114&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD000000000116" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO000000000116" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD000000000116&office_id=MSH00100OOO000000000116&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Rheumatology</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD000000000126" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO000000000126" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD000000000126&office_id=MSH00100OOO000000000126&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Spine</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD000000000120" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO000000000120" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD000000000120&office_id=MSH00100OOO000000000120&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Surgery</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD000000000123" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO000000000123" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD000000000123&office_id=MSH00100OOO000000000123&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Transplant</option> <option value="MSH00000DDD000000000125" data-office-id="MSH00100OOO000000000125" data-redirect-url="https://raa.mountsinai.org/makeappt/index.cfm?pid=MSH00000DDD000000000125&office_id=MSH00100OOO000000000125&utm_dom=www.mountsinai.org&sp=1">Urology</option> <optgroup label=""></optgroup> </select> </div> <div class="button-div">Next</div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section>  </div> </div> </li> <li class=""> <i role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="fa fa-angle-down"></i> <a href="/locations" role="button" class="hidden-xs dropdown" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" > Our Locations </a> <a href="/locations" class="visible-xs dropdown" > Our Locations </a> <div class="dropdown-menu mega-dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <div class="container"> <span class="title font-24 lightfont"> Our Locations <a href="/locations" class="hidden-xs">View More Locations</a> </span> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="ul-columns" data-ul-columns="3">  <li class="notranslate"><a href="/locations/brooklyn">Mount Sinai Brooklyn</a></li>  <li class="notranslate"><a href="/locations/mount-sinai">The Mount Sinai Hospital</a></li>  <li class="notranslate"><a href="/locations/morningside">Mount Sinai Morningside</a></li>  <li class="notranslate"><a href="https://www.southnassau.org/sn" target="_blank">Mount Sinai South Nassau</a></li>  <li class="notranslate"><a href="/locations/queens">Mount Sinai Queens</a></li>  <li class="notranslate"><a href="/locations/west">Mount Sinai West</a></li>  <li class="notranslate"><a href="https://www.nyee.edu/" target="_blank">New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai</a></li>  <li class="notranslate"><a href="/locations/spine-hospital">The Spine Hospital at Mount Sinai</a></li>  <li class="notranslate"><a href="/locations/kravis-childrens">Mount Sinai Kravis Children's Hospital</a></li>  <li class="notranslate"><a href="/about/network">The Mount Sinai Health Network</a></li>  <li class="notranslate"><a href="/locations/urgent-care">Urgent Care</a></li>  <li class="notranslate"><a href="/locations/near-me">Mount Sinai Doctors Office Locations</a></li>  <li ><a href="/locations/emergency-medicine">Mount Sinai Emergency Care Locations</a></li>  <li ><a href="/locations/behavioral-health-center">Mount Sinai-Behavioral Health Center</a></li>  <li class="notranslate"><a href="/locations/mount-sinai/pson">Phillips School of Nursing at Mount Sinai</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class=""> <i role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="fa fa-angle-down"></i> <a href="/care" role="button" class="hidden-xs dropdown" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" > Patient Care </a> <a href="/care" class="visible-xs dropdown" > Patient Care </a> <div class="dropdown-menu mega-dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <div class="container"> <span class="title font-24 lightfont"> Featured Services <a href="/care" class="hidden-xs">View All Services</a> </span> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="ul-columns" data-ul-columns="3">  <li ><a href="/care/cancer">Cancer</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/dermatology">Dermatology</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/gastroenterology">Digestive Diseases - Gastroenterology</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/ent">Ear, Nose and Throat</a></li>  <li ><a href="/locations/emergency-medicine">Emergency Care</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/endocrinology">Endocrinology</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/heart">Heart - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/liver-diseases">Liver Diseases</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/neurology">Neurology</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/neurosurgery">Neurosurgery</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/nursing-at-mount-sinai">Nursing</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/obgyn">Obstetrics and Gynecology</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/orthopedics">Orthopedics</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/pain-management">Pain Management</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/primary-care">Primary Care</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/psychiatry">Psychiatry</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/radiology">Radiology</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/surgery">Surgery</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/thoracic-surgery">Thoracic Surgery</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/transplant">Transplantation Services</a></li>  <li ><a href="/locations/urgent-care">Urgent Care</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/urology">Urology</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care">View All Services</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="active"> <i role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="fa fa-angle-down"></i> <a href="/about" role="button" class="hidden-xs dropdown" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" > About Us </a> <a href="/about" class="visible-xs dropdown" > About Us </a> <div class="dropdown-menu mega-dropdown-menu" data-elastic-exclude> <div class="container"> <span class="title font-24 lightfont"> About Us <a href="/about" class="hidden-xs">View More</a> </span> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="ul-columns" data-ul-columns="3">  <li ><a href="/about/contact">Contact Us</a></li>  <li ><a href="/about/patient-tools-and-resources">Digital Patient Tools and Resources</a></li>  <li ><a href="/about/diversity">Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion</a></li>  <li ><a href="/about/executive-leadership">Executive Leadership</a></li>  <li ><a href="/about/facts">Facts and Figures</a></li>  <li ><a href="/about/financial-assistance">Financial Assistance</a></li>  <li ><a href="/about/insurance">Insurance Information</a></li>  <li ><a href="/care/international">International Patient Services</a></li>  <li ><a href="/about/lgbt-health">LGBT- GNB Health</a></li>  <li ><a href="/about/language-accessibility">Language Access Services</a></li>  <li ><a href="/about/mountsinaidaily">Mount Sinai Daily</a></li>  <li ><a href="/about/msd">Mount Sinai Doctors</a></li>  <li ><a href="/about/medical-records">Medical Records</a></li>  <li ><a href="/about/medical-staff">Medical Staff Services Department</a></li>  <li ><a href="/about/mymountsinai">MyMountSinai® App</a></li>  <li ><a href="/about/newsroom">Newsroom</a></li>  <li ><a href="/about/network">The Mount Sinai Health Network</a></li>  <li ><a href="/about/mission">Our Mission</a></li>  <li ><a href="/about/pay-my-bill">Pay My Bill</a></li>  <li ><a href="/about/access/physician-access">Physician Access Services</a></li>  <li ><a href="/about/visit-us">Visit Us</a></li>  <li ><a href="/about">View More</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="no-expand-mobile search global-search__container--root"> <i role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="fa fa-angle-down"></i> <a href="#search" role="button" class="hidden-xs dropdown" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-target="#search"> <section class="global-search__container--parent"> <div class="global-search__container--icon global-search__container--maglass"> <i class="fa fa-search" aria-label="open search"></i> <span>Search</span> </div> <div class="global-search__container--icon global-search__container--times"> <i class="fa fa-times" aria-label="close search"></i> <span>Close</span> </div> </section> </a> <a href="#search" class="visible-xs dropdown" data-target="#search"> <i class="fa fa-search"></i> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu mega-dropdown-menu search global-search__container--input"> <div class="search_form"> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="pull-right header-nav"> <div class="google_translate_parent_container"> <div id="google_translate_element"></div> <a href="/about/translate" class="disclaimer" aria-label="disclaimer link"><i class="fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <ul class="contact-list list-inline"> <li> <a href="tel:+18006374624" class="visible-xs-inline">1-800-MD-SINAI</a><span class="hidden-xs">1-800-MD-SINAI</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://mychart.mountsinai.org/mychart?utm_source=mountsinaiorg&utm_medium=mychart&utm_campaign=msorghp" target="_blank">MyMountSinai (MyChart)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/patient-tools-and-resources/check-symptoms-get-care">Check Symptoms & Get Care</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/pay-my-bill?utm_source=mountsinaiorg&utm_medium=paymybill&utm_campaign=msorgsp">Pay My Bill</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/access/physician-access?utm_source=link&utm_medium=forphysicians&utm_campaign=msorgsp">For Physicians</a> </li> <li> <a href="/appointment/sameday?utm_source=link&utm_medium=sameday&utm_campaign=msorgsp">Same-Day Appointments</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://giving.mountsinai.org/msorghp" target="_blank">Make a Gift</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav>  </div> </div> </header>  <div role="main" class="container-fluid "> <div class="row"> <div class="full-width ">  <nav class="breadcrumbs" data-elastic-exclude> <ul class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/about">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/about/newsroom">Newsroom</a></li> <li><a href="/about/newsroom/podcasts">Mount Sinai Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/real-smart-people">Real, Smart People</a></li> </ul> </nav>  <section class="C-21-Location-Home-Carousel alternative c-35-image-carousel location-Home-Carousel-Homepage"> <div class="owl-carousel"> <div class="item "> <picture> <source srcset="/files/MSHealth/Assets/HS/Newsroom/Real-Smart-People/RSP-Bederson-Mobile-640x486.jpg" media="(max-width: 639px)"> <source srcset="/files/MSHealth/Assets/HS/Newsroom/Real-Smart-People/RealSmartPeople-JoshuaBedersonCarousel-EpPage-1920x575.jpg" media="(min-width: 640px)"> <img src="/files/MSHealth/Assets/HS/Newsroom/Real-Smart-People/RealSmartPeople-JoshuaBedersonCarousel-EpPage-1920x575.jpg" srcset="/files/MSHealth/Assets/HS/Newsroom/Real-Smart-People/RealSmartPeople-JoshuaBedersonCarousel-EpPage-1920x575.jpg" width="1920" alt='Image of Joshua Bederson'> </picture> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row margin-40-top"> <div class="two-thirds col-xs-12 col-md-8 "> <main class="mob-readmore__container--outer"> <section class="white-bg has-cta rte 9f6f13e522887710VgnVCM100000125aec0aRCRD_text mshs-text standard rich-table"> <h1>Joshua: The Sculptor </h1> <div class="nav visible-xs white-bg margin-20-bot-xs">   <aside data-elastic-exclude class="is-lander-nav__container--main c-40-sub-and-sibling-nav blue-dark-bg dfdd13e522887710VgnVCM100000125aec0aRCRD"> <div class="title"><a href="/about/newsroom/podcasts">Mount Sinai Podcasts</a></div> <nav class="is-lander-nav__container--outer"> <ul role="menu" class="nav blue-sky-bg is-lander-nav__menu is-lander-nav__menu--level1" data-menulevel="1"> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level1"> <i role="button" aria-label="Right Nav Button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#f952109f5692c610VgnVCM1000005715020aRCRD_9f6f13e522887710VgnVCM100000125aec0aRCRD" aria-expanded="false" class="fa fa-angle-down"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level1 " href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience" aria-label="Right Nav Links">Road to Resilience</a> <div id="f952109f5692c610VgnVCM1000005715020aRCRD_9f6f13e522887710VgnVCM100000125aec0aRCRD" class="collapse white-bg "> <ul class="is-lander-nav__menu is-lander-nav__menu--level2" role="menu" data-menulevel="2"> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/social-media-overuse">When Social Media Becomes Too Much</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/cheerleader-alopecia">Alopecia as a Dallas Cowboys Cheerleader</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/cancer-pregnancy">Cancer Treatment During Pregnancy</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/gaming">Refugee to Gaming Guru</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/mens-health-urology">Men’s Health, Prostate Cancer and Education</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/heart-matters">Matters of the Heart</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/golden-gate">Strength Through Pain</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/hope-in-harlem">Hope in Harlem</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/community-empowerment">Healing Through Empowerment</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/breast-cancer-wakeup">The Breast Cancer Wake-Up Call</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/older-adults-addiction">Addiction Among Older Adults</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/obesity-struggles">Struggles with Obesity</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/creativity">Creativity Cures the Mind</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/ehhop">Resilience in Community Care</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/opera-caregiving">Care for the Caregiver</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/environmental-health">Environmental Science, at Gunpoint</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/physician-burnout">The Burnout Crisis</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/transgender-care">Matching Mind & Body</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/iron-chef-lungs">Recipes for Resilience</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/heros-journey">Life as a Hero’s Journey</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/sickness-and-health">In Sickness & Health</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/education-through-autism">Education Through Autism</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/down-syndrome-clinic">Thriving With Down Syndrome</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/surviving-domestic-violence">Surviving Domestic Violence</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/when-hearts-attack">When Hearts Attack</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/genetics-research">The Trials of Scientific Research</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/mouse-studies">The Brain & Body Under Social Stress</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/schizophrenia-treatment">The Challenges of Schizophrenia</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/zlata-diary">Zlata’s Diary</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/bridge-program">Bridging Parenting and Recovery</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/physical-endurance-breeds-resilience">Physical Endurance Breeds Resilience</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/interpreting-resilience">Interpreting Resilience</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/dog-therapy">The Dog Will See You Now</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/building-resilience">Approaches to Building Resilience</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/womens-health">Women’s Health is Everyone’s Right</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/seasonal-depression">The Cold Chill of Seasonal Depression</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/family-homicide">When a Family Experiences a Homicide</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/new-approach">A New Approach to Behavioral Health</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/modern-widows-club">Modern Widows Club</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/rapid-aging">Coping with a Rapid-Aging Disease</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/powering-through">Powering Through Internal Conflict</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/music-therapy">Music Therapy</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/sully">Resilience Lessons from Sully</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/long-covid">The Long Battle with Long COVID</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/return">Return of Road to Resilience</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive">Road to Resilience Archive</a> </li> <ul role="menu" data-menulevel="3" class="is-lander-nav__menu is-lander-nav__menu--level3"> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/farewell">Farewell</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/bright-days">Bright Days, Dark Nights</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/harlem-minister">Talking Resilience With a Harlem Minister</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/cancer-dancer">The Cancer Dancer</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/coming-home">Coming Home</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/resilience-paradox">The Resilience Paradox</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/7300-days">7300 Days</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/polymath-soul">Polymath of the Soul</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/only-lonely">Only the Lonely</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/ketamine">Ketamine: From Club to Clinic</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/heart-to-heart">Heart to Heart</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/self-compassion">The Fierce Side of Self-Compassion</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/beyond-sleep">Beyond Sleep Hygiene</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/wise-up">Wise Up</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/toxic-apocalypse">Toxic Apocalypse</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/weirdos-guide">A WEIRDo’s Guide to Exercise</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/man-box">The Man Box</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/good-trouble">Good Trouble</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/shot-arm">A Shot in the Arm</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/enough-mindfulness">Enough with the Mindfulness</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/ptsd-meet-mdma">PTSD, Meet MDMA</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/year-of-pandemic">Year of the Pandemic</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/theater-of-war">Theater of War</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/workshopping-resilience">Workshopping Resilience</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/cancer-is-me">Cancer is Me</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/indesctructible-judith-hunt">The Indestructible Judith Hunt</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/price-of-perfection">The Price of Perfection</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/our-better-angels">Our Better Angels</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/three-generations-autism-advocates">Three Generations of Autism Advocates</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/i-am-not-my-hair">I Am Not My Hair</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/coping-after-natural-disaster">Coping After a Natural Disaster</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/unmaking-painful-memories">Unmaking Painful Memories</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/rewrite-your-script">Rewrite Your Script</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/opening-up">Opening Up</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/three-good-things">Three Good Things</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/recharge-room">The Recharge Room</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/emily-kumail-on-staying-in">Emily & Kumail on Staying In</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/the-givers">The Givers</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/edge-of-the-unknown">The Edge of the Unknown</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/signs-of-hope">Signs of Hope</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/pandemic-proof-parenting-tips">Pandemic-Proof Parenting Tips</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/our-finest-hour">Our Finest Hour</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/stay-sane-while-staying-home">How to Stay Sane While Staying Home</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/calm-through-chaos">Calm Through Chaos</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/only-way-out-is-through">The Only Way Out is Through</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/body-heals-mind">The Body Heals the Mind</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/modeling-courage">Modeling Courage</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/decision-to-live">"I Made a Decision to Live"</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/facing-climate-change">Facing Climate Change</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/gospel-of-curtis">The Gospel of Curtis</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/resilience-insights">10 Resilience Insights from 2019</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/experiments-with-truth">My Experiments With Truth</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/stuff-with-my-mom">The Stuff With My Mom</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/kids-who-can-deal">Kids Who Can Deal</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/brain-fear">Your Brain on Fear</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/bed-25">The Story of Bed 25</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/scientist-guide-to-optimism">A Scientist’s Guide to Optimism</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/unknown-exposure">Unknown Exposure</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/ep-15-the-comedian-and-the-brain-tumor">The Comedian and the Brain Tumor</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/mental-toll-child-separation">Measuring the Mental Toll of Child Separation</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/kumbaya-self-care">Forget Kumbaya: The Art of Self-Care</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/krieger-resilience-tips">Dr. Krieger’s Three Resilience Tips</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/somebody-lean-on">Somebody to Lean On</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/childhood-trauma">The Long Arm of Childhood Trauma</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/resilience-stories-live">Resilience Stories (Live!)</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/mystery-virus">The Mystery Virus</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/power-optimism">The Power of Optimism</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/thriving-devastating-loss">Thriving After a Devastating Loss</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/stress-anxiety-fear">Managing Stress, Anxiety and Fear</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/journey-trauma-success">A Resilient Journey from Trauma to Success</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/faith-spirituality-mindfulness">Faith, Spirituality and Mindfulness</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/resilient-family">Building a Resilient Family</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/prescription-recovery">The Prescription to My Recovery</a> </li> <li class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level3"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level3"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level3" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/road-resilience/archive/unexpected-trauma">An Unexpected Trauma</a> </li> </ul> </ul> </div> </li> <li role="menuitem" class="active is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level1"> <i role="button" aria-label="Right Nav Button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#cf80d79a6d006710VgnVCM100000125aec0aRCRD_9f6f13e522887710VgnVCM100000125aec0aRCRD" aria-expanded="true" class="fa fa-angle-down"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level1 is-lander-nav__linkitem--lightbg" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/real-smart-people" aria-label="Right Nav Links">Real, Smart People</a> <div id="cf80d79a6d006710VgnVCM100000125aec0aRCRD_9f6f13e522887710VgnVCM100000125aec0aRCRD" class="collapse white-bg in"> <ul class="is-lander-nav__menu is-lander-nav__menu--level2" role="menu" data-menulevel="2"> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/real-smart-people/dancing-scientist">Miriam: The Dancing Scientist</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/real-smart-people/bevin-problem-solver">Bevin: The Problem Solver</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/real-smart-people/jess-love-thy-neighbor">Jess: Love Thy Neighbor</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class="active is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/real-smart-people/joshua-sculptor">Joshua: The Sculptor</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/real-smart-people/autopsies-save-lives">Mary: Autopsies Save Lives</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/real-smart-people/yasmin-barrier-breaker">Yasmin: The Barrier Breaker</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class=" is-lander-nav__menuitem is-lander-nav__menuitem--level2"> <i role="img" aria-label="Active link icon" class="fa fa-angle-right is-lander-nav__icon is-lander-nav__icon--level2"></i> <a class="is-lander-nav__linkitem is-lander-nav__linkitem--level2" href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/real-smart-people/adolfo-virus-hunter">Adolfo: The Virus Hunter</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </aside>   </div> </section> <section class="mob-readmore__container--main mob-readmore__height-locked rte"> <script src="https://www.buzzsprout.com/1485979/7747234-joshua-the-sculptor.js?container_id=buzzsprout-player-7747234&player=small" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <p><strong>Date Published: February 9, 2021</strong></p> <p>In the operating room, neurosurgeon Joshua Bederson, MD, peels away tumors and aneurysms to heal his patients. In his studio, Dr. Bederson turns raw stone and wood into finely carved sculptures. “For me, the connection is in appreciating beauty, creating beauty, and finding beauty,” he says. In this audio portrait, Dr. Bederson reflects on his twin passions and talks about how computer-assisted technology is making neurosurgery faster, safer, and less invasive.</p> <p>Dr. Bederson is the Leonard I. Malis, MD / Corinne and Joseph Graber Professor of Neurosurgery and System Chair for the Department of Neurosurgery at Mount Sinai Health System.</p> <div class="mob-readmore__container--btn visible-xs"> <button class="mob-readmore__btn--show-all" name="mobile-show-all" id="mob-readmore__show-all">Read More</button> </div> </section> </main> <script type="text/javascript"> mshs.text.translateCTAs("9f6f13e522887710VgnVCM100000125aec0aRCRD_text"); </script> <div class=""> <section class="C-21-Location-Home-Carousel c-36-video-carousel white-bg pull-up-70 owl-carousel__dots--hidden"> <div class="video-carousel__container--main item has-video"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WGekKZQv70U?autoplay=1"> <picture> <img class="video-carousel__image--thumbnail" srcset="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/WGekKZQv70U/maxresdefault.jpg" alt="Joshua: The Sculptor (Podcast Trailer)"> </picture> </a> <div class="carousel-caption"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <p> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WGekKZQv70U?autoplay=1">Joshua: The Sculptor (Podcast Trailer)</a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <main > <section class="white-bg has-cta rte fd626d4039197710VgnVCM100000125aec0aRCRD_text mshs-text padding-top-70 pull-up-70 rich-table"> <div > </div> <h2>Podcast Transcript</h2> <p><strong>Dr. Bederson:</strong> 00:00</p> <p>I guess you would call it a ritual, but it's more than a ritual. What I do before every case is I stop, I say a little prayer, I guess you'd call it, even though I'm not a religious person. Just "J.B., do everything you can to not hurt this person." I'm not sure that's related to the complexity of the brain so much as to the need to focus fully on what you're doing.</p> <p>My name is Joshua Bederson. I'm Professor and Chairman of Neurosurgery at the Mount Sinai Health System.</p> <p>The structures in the brain are very soft and delicate. A cranial nerve that moves the eye, for example, can be one millimeter in diameter or less, and it can have the consistency of wet tissue paper. Imagine trying to hold a piece, a string of wet tissue paper between your two fingers, or the fingers of your two hands. It wouldn't take much tension to rip that tiny piece of wet tissue paper. And many of those cranial nerves and structures are in canals and tunnels of bone. Meaning that in order to get access, you have to use instruments and tools capable of drilling bone that can be as hard as cement. And yet the structure you're trying to save is as delicate as wet tissue paper. There are times even in my daily surgeries where the distance between success and tragedy is a fraction of a millimeter. There's something awe-inspiring about doing that on a daily basis.</p> <p>How many surgeries have I performed? Well, since coming to Mount Sinai I have performed approximately 4,000 open neurosurgery procedures. Of course there were many hundreds and thousands of procedures that went into my training. So I'm getting up there in terms of numbers.</p> <p>I love using my hands and if I'm not using my hands in the operating room, I'm in my studio doing things. Since second grade I've been going to art school and art classes. And in the subtractive sculptures that I do, like carving stone and wood, you can envision the hand or the face inside the stone and you release it by removing the part of stone and wood that is not relevant. In neurosurgery, you remove something that is potentially ugly, like a tumor or an aneurysm, and you peel it away, you carefully remove it from within and from without, and the reward at the end is a view of what has to be the most beautiful art on the planet, which is the interior structures of the brain, as pathways of nerves and spinal fluid and blood are revealed. Those are extremely beautiful. I think the real connection for me is in appreciating beauty, creating beauty, and in finding beauty.</p> <p>If I could snap my fingers and unlock one mystery about the brain, it would be—what can we do about consciousness and unconsciousness, when it seems that most of the structures that should support consciousness are there, but the patient doesn't wake up? The level of consciousness is adversely affected by some combination of structural or circuitry abnormalities. And yet all of our studies and scans would lead us to believe that the structures underlying consciousness should be available.</p> <p>So augmented reality and other technologies are already making surgeries faster, safer, less invasive. We create a virtual 3D-reality scenario about a patient. And we use that during surgery to see important structures and avoid dangerous ones before we get to them. That's now. What I see happening in the future is that we will be able to connect instruments directly to that visual information. So that now, instead of seeing that you have to stop because you're reaching the carotid artery, you will feel your instruments stop.</p> <p>If I could give myself a piece of advice when I was younger, I would say some combination of vision and desire and impatience is necessary to get a lot done. But flexibility and patience are also necessary, because there's so many roadblocks and obstacles along the way. So although I have managed to get something done, I feel like most of what I've been doing is two steps forward and 1.95 steps backward. And yet there's steady progress forward because the net result is 0.05 steps forward with each step.</p> </section> </main> <script type="text/javascript"> mshs.text.translateCTAs("fd626d4039197710VgnVCM100000125aec0aRCRD_text"); </script> </div> <div class="one-third col-xs-12 col-md-4 ">  <aside class="C-40-Generic-Call-Out white-bg"> <p class="title rail-heading blue-rail-bg">In This Episode</p> <picture> <source srcset="/files/MSHealth/Assets/HS/Newsroom/Real-Smart-People/RealSmartPeople-Spotlight-JoshuaBederson-740x540.jpg" media="(min-width: 992px)"> <source srcset="/files/MSHealth/Assets/HS/Newsroom/Real-Smart-People/RealSmartPeople-Spotlight-JoshuaBederson-740x540.jpg" media="(min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 991px)">  <img src="/files/MSHealth/Assets/HS/Newsroom/Real-Smart-People/RealSmartPeople-Spotlight-JoshuaBederson-740x540.jpg" alt="Photo of Joshua B Bederson"> </picture> <div class="body featured-person-rr accordion-list"> <p class="person-name"> Joshua B Bederson, MD </p> <div class="personspotlight-title"> <p>Corinne and Joseph Graber Professor of Neurosurgery and System Chair for the Department of Neurosurgery at Mount Sinai Health System</p> </div> <div class="biooverride"> </div> <hr> <a href="/profiles/joshua-b-bederson" class="view-bio">View Full Bio</a> </div> </aside> <script type="text/javascript"> /* $(document).ready(function() { mshs.expandExpandables($(".featured-person-rr")); }); */ </script> <aside class="C-25-Patient-Story mshs-patient-story relatedlinks"> <div class="title"> Related Links </div> <div class="story-block"> <ul class="additional-info1"> <li style="padding-left: 10px; padding-top: 10px;"> <a href="/care/neurosurgery">Neurosurgery Care at Mount Sinai </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px; padding-top: 10px;"> <a href="https://icahn.mssm.edu/about/departments/neurosurgery" target="_blank">Department of Neurosurgery at the Icahn School of Medicine </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px; padding-top: 10px;"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oo4vbQk_BSk" target="_blank">Watch Dr. Bederson at work (YouTube)</a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px; padding-top: 10px;"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-takes-great-surgeon-how-mount-sinais-head-john-colapinto/" target="_blank">"What it takes to be a great neurosurgeon" (an essay about Dr. Bederson)</a> </li> </ul> </div> </aside> <aside class="C-25-Patient-Story mshs-patient-story relatedlinks"> <div class="title"> Available On </div> <div class="story-block"> <ul class="additional-info1"> <li style="padding-left: 10px; padding-top: 10px;"> <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/real-smart-people/id1541695487" target="_blank">Apple Podcasts </a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px; padding-top: 10px;"> <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/2C2TQfwUrpzPkhXxShWz2W" target="_blank">Spotify</a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px; padding-top: 10px;"> <a href="https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5idXp6c3Byb3V0LmNvbS8xNDg1OTc5LnJzcw?sa=X&ved=0CAMQ4aUDahcKEwiwkZ_U4qrtAhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQAQ" target="_blank">Google Podcasts</a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px; padding-top: 10px;"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCT7BA-HcHlgRwJ2UjQFFHUH6r3NkGtUM" target="_blank">YouTube</a> </li> </ul> </div> </aside> <aside class="C-25-Patient-Story mshs-patient-story relatedlinks"> <div class="title"> More Episodes </div> <div class="story-block"> <ul class="additional-info1"> <li style="padding-left: 10px; padding-top: 10px;"> <a href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/real-smart-people/dancing-scientist">Miriam: The Dancing Scientist</a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px; padding-top: 10px;"> <a href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/real-smart-people/bevin-problem-solver">Bevin: The Problem Solver</a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px; padding-top: 10px;"> <a href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/real-smart-people/jess-love-thy-neighbor">Jess: Love Thy Neighbor</a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px; padding-top: 10px;"> <a href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/real-smart-people/joshua-sculptor">Joshua: The Sculptor</a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px; padding-top: 10px;"> <a href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/real-smart-people/autopsies-save-lives">Mary: Autopsies Save Lives</a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px; padding-top: 10px;"> <a href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/real-smart-people/yasmin-barrier-breaker">Yasmin: The Barrier Breaker</a> </li> <li style="padding-left: 10px; padding-top: 10px;"> <a href="/about/newsroom/podcasts/real-smart-people/adolfo-virus-hunter">Adolfo: The Virus Hunter</a> </li> </ul> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="full-width"> </div> </div>  <footer data-elastic-exclude> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8">  <nav class="connect row"> <ul class="nav navbar nav-pills col-xs-12"> <li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/mountsinainyc" aria-label="LinkedIn Social Link" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i> <span class="sr-only">LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/mountsinainyc" aria-label="Facebook Social Link" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-facebook"></i> <span class="sr-only">Facebook</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://x.com/MountSinaiNYC" aria-label="X Social Link" target="_blank"> <i class="fab fa-x-twitter"></i> <span class="sr-only">X</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/MountSinaiNY" aria-label="YouTube Social Link" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-youtube"></i> <span class="sr-only">Youtube</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/mountsinainyc/" aria-label="Instagram Social Link" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-instagram"></i> <span class="sr-only">Instagram</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/MountSinaiNYC/" aria-label="Pinterest Social Link" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-pinterest"></i> <span class="sr-only">Pinterest</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@mountsinainyc" aria-label="Tiktok Social Link" target="_blank"> <i class="fab fa-tiktok"></i> <span class="sr-only">Tiktok</span> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="nav navbar col-xs-12"> <ul class=""> <li> <a href="/about/covid19/staff-resources">COVID-19 Staff Resources</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://inside.mountsinai.org">Mount Sinai Today Blog</a> </li> <li> <a href="tel:+18006374624" class="visible-xs-inline">1-800-MD-SINAI</a><span class="hidden-xs">1-800-MD-SINAI</span> </li> </ul>  </div> </nav> <nav class="row"> <div class="nav col-xs-12 col-sm-4"> <ul class=""> <li> Patient Information </li> <li> <a href="/about/mymountsinai">MyMountSinai® App</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/pay-my-bill">Pay My Bill</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/insurance/rights-protections">No Surprises Act</a> </li> <li> <a href="/care/international">International Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/access"> Mount Sinai Access</a> </li> <li> <a href="/find-a-doctor">Find a Doctor</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/patient-tools-and-resources/check-symptoms-get-care">Check Symptoms & Get Care</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/contact">Patient Representatives Offices</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/language-accessibility">Language and Accessibility</a> </li> <li> <a href="/health-library">Health Library</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.mountsinai.org/clinical-trials?keywords=">Clinical Trials </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/newsroom">Newsroom</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.changehealthcare.com/hipaa-substitute-notice.html" target="_blank">Change Healthcare HIPAA Substitute Notice</a> </li> </ul>  </div> <div class="nav col-xs-12 col-sm-4"> <ul class=""> <li> Research & Education </li> <li> <a href="https://icahn.mssm.edu/" target="_blank">Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://icahn.mssm.edu/education/medical" target="_blank">Medical Education</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://icahn.mssm.edu/education/graduate" target="_blank">Graduate Education</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://icahn.mssm.edu/research" target="_blank">Research</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://faculty.icahn.mssm.edu/" target="_blank">Find Faculty</a> </li> <li> <a href="/locations/mount-sinai/pson">Phillips School of Nursing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/diversity">Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/insurance">Insurance</a> </li> </ul>  </div> <div class="nav col-xs-12 col-sm-4"> <ul class=""> <li> For Health Professionals </li> <li> <a href="/about/access/patient-transfer">Transfer a Patient </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.mountsinai.org/ms-connect">Mount Sinai Connect</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/access">Refer a Patient</a> </li> <li> <a href="/care/nursing-at-mount-sinai">Nursing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/hospital-sponsored-programs-office">Hospital Sponsored Programs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/medical-staff">Medical Staff Services</a> </li> </ul>  </div> </nav> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 pull-right">  <aside> <form role="form"> <fieldset style="display: block" data-elastic-exclude> <legend class="hide">Choose A Location</legend> <ul> <li> <label><input type="radio" name="footer-map" value="hospitals" checked=""><span>Hospitals</span></label> </li> <li> <label><input type="radio" name="footer-map" value="urgent-care"><span>Urgent Care/Walk-In</span></label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> <div class="select hospitals" data-elastic-exclude> <select aria-label="hospital"> <option value="choose" data-address="" data-number="" data-href="" data-number2="" data-href2="">Choose a location</option> <option class="notranslate" value="00e7e0f3443b2510VgnVCM10000091e7510aRCRD" data-mapurl="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mount+Sinai+Beth+Israel/@40.733066,-73.981926,16z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x747a17c9c9c3e88c!8m2!3d40.7330663!4d-73.9819259?hl=en-US" data-address="281 First Avenue (First Avenue at 16th Street) New York, NY 10003" data-number="212-420-2000" data-href="tel:2124202000" data-number2="" data-href2="tel:">Mount Sinai Beth Israel</option><option class="notranslate" value="81e7e0f3443b2510VgnVCM10000091e7510aRCRD" data-mapurl="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mount+Sinai+Brooklyn/@40.618732,-73.942987,16z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x784f36c592530078!8m2!3d40.6187324!4d-73.9429871?hl=en-US" data-address="3201 Kings Highway Brooklyn, NY 11234" data-number="718-252-3000" data-href="tel:7182523000" data-number2="718-312-7300" data-href2="tel:7183127300">Mount Sinai Brooklyn</option><option class="notranslate" value="c2e7e0f3443b2510VgnVCM10000091e7510aRCRD" data-mapurl="https://www.google.com/maps/place/The+Mount+Sinai+Hospital/@40.789823,-73.953332,16z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x9797c11e6d7bc63f!8m2!3d40.7898228!4d-73.953332?hl=en-US" data-address="1 Gustave L. Levy Place New York, NY 10029" data-number="212-241-6500" data-href="tel:2122416500" data-number2="212-590-3300" data-href2="tel:2125903300">The Mount Sinai Hospital</option><option class="notranslate" value="85e7e0f3443b2510VgnVCM10000091e7510aRCRD" data-mapurl="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mount+Sinai+Morningside/@40.8052631,-73.963359,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89c25859240401cb:0xa5fcfaf930e439d2!8m2!3d40.8052591!4d-73.9611703?hl=en-US" data-address="1111 Amsterdam Avenue New York, NY 10025" data-number="212-523-4000" data-href="tel:2125234000" data-number2="212-857-9990" data-href2="tel:2128579990">Mount Sinai Morningside</option><option class="notranslate" value="44e7e0f3443b2510VgnVCM10000091e7510aRCRD" data-mapurl="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mount+Sinai+Queens/@40.768098,-73.92487,16z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x909638963f87c55b!8m2!3d40.7680983!4d-73.9248696?hl=en-US" data-address="25-10 30th Avenue Astoria, NY 11102" data-number="718-932-1000" data-href="tel:7189321000" data-number2="" data-href2="tel:">Mount Sinai Queens</option><option class="notranslate" value="fd7b054dbba77610VgnVCM1000005715020aRCRD" data-mapurl="https://www.google.com/maps/dir//South+Nassau+Communities+Hospital,+1+Healthy+Way,+Oceanside,+NY+11572/@40.6519518,-73.6326876,17z/data=!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x89c27b42707c5b71:0xba44a917fcef1a39!2m2!1d-73.6304989!2d40.6519518" data-address="One Healthy Way Oceanside, NY 11572" data-number="877-768-8462" data-href="tel:8777688462" data-number2="" data-href2="tel:">Mount Sinai South Nassau</option><option class="notranslate" value="a3f604df05922510VgnVCM1000008ce7510aRCRD" data-mapurl="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mount+Sinai+West/@40.769567,-73.986045,16z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x7bd728896053e9c8!8m2!3d40.769567!4d-73.9860452?hl=en-US" data-address="1000 Tenth Avenue New York, NY 10019" data-number="212-523-4000" data-href="tel:2125234000" data-number2="212-857-9990 " data-href2="tel:2128579990 ">Mount Sinai West </option><option class="notranslate" value="e7e7e0f3443b2510VgnVCM10000091e7510aRCRD" data-mapurl="https://www.google.com/maps/place/New+York+Eye+and+Ear+Infirmary+of+Mount+Sinai/@40.731853,-73.984583,16z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x6262dd43ac578352!8m2!3d40.7318525!4d-73.9845832?hl=en-US" data-address="310 East 14th Street New York, NY 10003" data-number="212-979-4000" data-href="tel:2129794000" data-number2="" data-href2="tel:">New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai</option><option class="notranslate" value="66a563ca102dd510VgnVCM2000005815020aRCRD" data-mapurl="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mount+Sinai+Union+Square/@40.734783,-73.989535,16z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x653199a7b6323431!8m2!3d40.7347832!4d-73.989535?hl=en-US" data-address="10 Union Square East New York, NY 10003" data-number="" data-href="tel:" data-number2="" data-href2="tel:">Mount Sinai-Union Square</option> </select> </div> <div class="select urgent-care hidden" data-elastic-exclude> <select aria-label="urgent-care"> <option value="choose" data-address="" data-number="" data-href="" data-number2="" data-href2="">Choose a location</option> <option class="notranslate" value="78386ef0a49be510VgnVCM1000005715020aRCRD" data-mapurl="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mount+Sinai+Union+Square+Urgent+Care+Center/@40.7348125,-73.991796,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89c25998c6a132bb:0x5a408122d7a047d9!8m2!3d40.7348085!4d-73.9896073" data-address="10 Union Square East, Suite 2Q New York, NY 10003" data-number="212-844-6000" data-href="tel:2128446000" data-number2="" data-href2="tel:">Mount Sinai-Union Square Urgent Care</option><option class="notranslate" value="25037187d5f03510VgnVCM20000092e7510aRCRD" data-mapurl="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mount+Sinai+Urgent+Care+Upper+West+Side/@40.7796936,-73.9895206,14z/data=!4m8!1m2!2m1!1sMount+Sinai+Urgent+Care+and+Multispecialty+Physicians+Upper+West+Side!3m4!1s0x89c2589cc2b562a1:0xa95d898b4d1f2351!8m2!3d40.7896225!4d-73.9701614" data-address="638 Columbus Avenue New York, NY 10024" data-number="212-828-3250" data-href="tel:2128283250" data-number2="" data-href2="tel:">Mount Sinai Doctors-Urgent Care & Multispecialty, Upper West Side</option><option class="notranslate" value="d9437187d5f03510VgnVCM20000092e7510aRCRD" data-mapurl="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mount+Sinai+Doctors+-+West+23rd+Street/@40.7457603,-74.0009292,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89c259bb2472711f:0x4623b7074bd88fdb!8m2!3d40.7457563!4d-73.9987405" data-address=" 309 West 23rd Street, 2nd Floor New York, NY 10011" data-number="212-256-7000" data-href="tel:2122567000" data-number2="" data-href2="tel:">Mount Sinai Doctors West 23rd Street</option><option class="notranslate" value="d4537187d5f03510VgnVCM20000092e7510aRCRD" data-mapurl="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mount+Sinai+Doctors+-+East+34th+Street/@40.747578,-73.983956,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89c2590782ff9205:0x3574fb31257c6330!8m2!3d40.747574!4d-73.9817673" data-address="55 East 34th Street 1st and 5th Floors New York, NY 10016" data-number="212-252-6000" data-href="tel:2122526000" data-number2="" data-href2="tel:">Mount Sinai Doctors East 34th Street</option><option class="notranslate" value="ca177a44fb9d2910VgnVCM100000125aec0aRCRD" data-mapurl="https://www.google.com/maps/place/30-14+Crescent+St,+Long+Island+City,+NY+11102/@40.768072,-73.9283047,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x89c25f4869a24611:0xd26a8bde1bc1a76f!8m2!3d40.768072!4d-73.9257298!16s%2Fg%2F11c288783n?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI0MTAyOS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D" data-address="30-14 Crescent Street Long Island City, NY 11102" data-number="718-808-7003" data-href="tel:7188087003" data-number2="" data-href2="tel:">Mount Sinai Express Care-Queens</option><option class="notranslate" value="fece37e85f745910VgnVCM100000125aec0aRCRD" data-mapurl="https://www.google.com/maps/place/310+E+14th+St,+New+York,+NY+10013/@40.7319493,-73.9871618,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x89c2599e403c9c91:0x7fb9767cf476afd8!8m2!3d40.7319493!4d-73.9845869!16s%2Fg%2F11b8v3vspt?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDIyNC4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D" data-address="310 East 14th Street, Ground Floor New York, NY 10003" data-number="" data-href="tel:" data-number2="" data-href2="tel:">Mount Sinai-Urgent Care, East 14th Street</option><option class="notranslate" value="01510886b7947810VgnVCM100000125aec0aRCRD" data-mapurl="" data-address="Join from your web browser or use the MyMountSinai app New York, NY " data-number="1-855-343-3470" data-href="tel:18553433470" data-number2="" data-href2="tel:">Virtual Urgent Care</option> </select> </div> <address class="fade"></address> </form>  </aside>  </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8">  <div class="utility"> <div class="copyright"><span>©2025 </span>Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</div> <nav> <div class="nav navbar"> <ul class=""> <li> <a href="/about/contact">Contact Us</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://careers.mountsinai.org" target="_blank">Careers</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.mountsinai.org/tou">Terms & Conditions </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.mountsinai.org/privacy">Privacy Policy </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.mountsinai.org/about/compliance/hipaa-privacy-security-compliance-program">HIPAA Privacy Practices</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/compliance">Compliance</a> </li> <li> <a href="/nondiscrimination-notice">Non-Discrimination Notice</a> </li> <li> <a href="/files/MSHealth/Assets/HS/MSHS_Patients_Responsibilities_English_16x20.pdf" target="_blank">Patient Responsibilities</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/insurance">Price Transparency</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.vendormate.com/mountsinaihealth">Vendors</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer>  <script type="text/javascript" src="/mshealth/themes/default/scripts/main.min.js?v=1739892234756build_mshealth=2756"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/mshealth/themes/default/scripts/make-an-appointment.js?v=1739892234756build_mshealth=2756"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/mshealth/themes/default/scripts/find-a-doctor.js?v=1739892234756build_mshealth=2756"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/mshealth/themes/default/scripts/our-services.js?v=1739892234756build_mshealth=2756"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/mshealth/themes/default/scripts/nav-main.js?v=1739892234756build_mshealth=2756"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/mshealth/themes/default/scripts/libraries/modernizr-custom.js?v=1739892234756&build_mshealth=2756"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/picturefill/3.0.1/picturefill.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/skrollr/0.6.30/skrollr.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.1.1/owl.carousel.min.js"></script> <div id="VideoModal" class="modal fade" data-elastic-exclude> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"><a data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close" class="close pull-right">close<span aria-hidden="true">×</span></a></div> <div class="modal-body"> <iframe width="568" height="333" allowfullscreen=""></iframe> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="MagnifyModal" class="modal" data-elastic-exclude> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"><a data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close" class="close pull-right">close<span aria-hidden="true">×</span></a></div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/mshealth/alerts/alert.js?v=1739892234756build_mshealth=2756" data-site="mshealth"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/gsight.js?v=1739892234756&build_mshealth=2756"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.plu.mx/widget-person.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.plu.mx/widget-group.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"a6b76958a6","agent":"","beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","applicationTime":4072,"applicationID":"745399268","transactionName":"ZFRSZBYEVhACU01aX10eemM0Sk5MCl5dVkgdW0NA","queueTime":0}</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Joshua B. Bederson: The Sculptor | Mount Sinai - New York