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href="https://pub.dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Package site</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><main id="page-content"><div id="site-toc--side" class="site-toc"><header class="site-toc__title">Contents</header><ul class="section-nav"><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#token-authentication">Authenticating with a custom package repository</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#retrieving-dependencies-from-a-custom-package-repository">Retrieving dependencies from a custom package repository</a><ul class="nav"><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#using-multiple-package-repositories">Using multiple package repositories</a></li></ul></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#publishing-to-a-custom-package-repository">Publishing to a custom package repository</a><ul class="nav"><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#default-override">Overriding the default package repository</a></li></ul></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#setting-up-a-custom-package-repository">Setting up a custom package repository</a><ul class="nav"><li class="toc-entry nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#dart-package-repositories-as-a-service">Dart package repositories as a service</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><article><div class="content"><div id="site-content-title"><h1>Custom package repositories</h1></div><div id="site-toc--inline" class="site-toc"><header class="site-toc__title">Contents</header><ul class="section-nav"><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#token-authentication">Authenticating with a custom package repository</a></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#retrieving-dependencies-from-a-custom-package-repository">Retrieving dependencies from a custom package repository</a><ul><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#using-multiple-package-repositories">Using multiple package repositories</a></li></ul></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#publishing-to-a-custom-package-repository">Publishing to a custom package repository</a><ul><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#default-override">Overriding the default package repository</a></li></ul></li><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#setting-up-a-custom-package-repository">Setting up a custom package repository</a><ul><li class="toc-entry"><a href="#dart-package-repositories-as-a-service">Dart package repositories as a service</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><p>The <code>dart pub</code> tool supports third-party package repositories. A package repository is a server that hosts Dart packages for consumption by the <code>dart pub</code> tool. The default package repository used, <a href="https://pub.dev">pub.dev</a>, is operated by the Dart team to facilitate publication of Dart packages for public use. A package repository is identified by a <em>hosted-url</em>, such as <code>https://dart-packages.example.com/</code>.</p><p>Sometimes a custom package repository might be useful for hosting private packages, including in some of the following scenarios:</p><ol><li>Sharing internal proprietary packages within an organization.</li><li>Tight control of dependencies in enterprise environments.</li><li>Secure environments without public internet access.</li></ol><p>It's also common to use <a href="/tools/pub/dependencies#git-packages">git-dependencies</a> for hosting private packages, however, the <code>dart pub</code> tool doesn't support resolving versions against a git repository; it just fetches a specific revision of the git repository. Therefore, when many people are collaborating it's often preferable to use a private package repository.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="token-authentication">Authenticating with a custom package repository</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#token-authentication" aria-label="Link to 'Authenticating with a custom package repository' section">#</a></div><p>Most custom package repositories are private package repositories that require authentication. To authenticate against custom package repositories, the <code>dart pub</code> tool attaches a secret token to the requests.</p><p>You can obtain the secret token from your custom package repository and either specify it manually or through an environment variable. To manually specify the secret token, use the <code>dart pub token add</code> command which prompts for the token:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-console"><div class="code-block-body"><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">$ dart pub token add https://dart-packages.example.com</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">Enter secret token: [enter secret token]</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">Requests to "https://dart-packages.example.com" will now be authenticated using the secret token.</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>You can also tell <code>dart pub</code> to read the token from an environment variable, including in a CI environment, with the <code>--env-var</code> flag:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-console"><div class="code-block-body"><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">$ dart pub token add https://dart-packages.example.com --env-var MY_SECRET_TOKEN</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">Requests to "https://dart-packages.example.com" will now be authenticated using the secret token stored in the environment variable "MY_SECRET_TOKEN".</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>This ensures that <code>dart pub</code> doesn't actually store the secret token in its configuration, instead it merely stores the fact that it should read the secret from the environment variable <code>$MY_SECRET_TOKEN</code>. This reduces the risk that secrets are accidentally leaked if the execution environment is shared between CI jobs.</p><aside class="alert alert-info"><div class="alert-header"><i class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">info</i> <span>Note</span></div><div class="alert-content"><p>When the <code>dart pub</code> tool doesn't have a token for a given repository URL, it attempts to make requests without authentication.</p></div></aside><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="retrieving-dependencies-from-a-custom-package-repository">Retrieving dependencies from a custom package repository</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#retrieving-dependencies-from-a-custom-package-repository" aria-label="Link to 'Retrieving dependencies from a custom package repository' section">#</a></div><p>To fetch a package from custom package repository, you must specify the <em>hosted-url</em> for the package in <code>pubspec.yaml</code>, using the syntax for <a href="/tools/pub/dependencies#hosted-packages">hosted packages</a>. For example:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-yaml"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language yaml">yaml</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">dependencies</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> example_package</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> hosted</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#11796D">https://dart-packages.example.com</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> version</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#11796D">^1.4.0</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>In the previous example, <code>package:example_package</code> is fetched from <code>https://dart-packages.example.com</code>. If authentication is required by this package repository, see <a href="#token-authentication">Authenticating with a custom package repository</a> for more information on how to authenticate your requests.</p><p>You can also use the <code>dart pub add</code> command with the <code>--hosted</code> flag to add a dependency from a custom package repository:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-console"><div class="code-block-body"><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">$ dart pub add example_package --hosted https://dart-packages.example.com</span></span></code></pre></div></div><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="using-multiple-package-repositories">Using multiple package repositories</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#using-multiple-package-repositories" aria-label="Link to 'Using multiple package repositories' section">#</a></div><p>You can also fetch different dependencies from different package repositories, as the <em>hosted-url</em> can be specified for each dependency:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-yaml"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language yaml">yaml</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">dependencies</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> # package retry is fetched from pub.dev (the default package repository)</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> retry</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#11796D">^3.0.0</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"> # package example_package is fetched from https://dart-packages.example.com</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> example_package</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> hosted</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#11796D">https://dart-packages.example.com</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> version</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#11796D">^1.4.0</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>This enables you to keep private packages on a private package repository while using the most up-to-date public packages as dependencies.</p><p>However, conflicts can easily arise if your dependencies require a package with the same name from different repositories. For example, if package <code>retry</code> requires <code>meta</code> from pub.dev, and <code>example_package</code> requires <code>meta</code> from <code>https://dart-packages.example.com</code>. Therefore, if mirroring any packages into a private package repository it's often necessary to mirror all dependencies and either update the <code>dependencies</code> section of each package, or <a href="#default-override">override the default package repository</a>.</p><aside class="alert alert-info"><div class="alert-header"><i class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">info</i> <span>Note</span></div><div class="alert-content"><p>To ensure that public packages are usable to everyone, the official package repository, <a href="https://pub.dev">pub.dev</a>, doesn't allow publication of packages with git-dependencies or hosted-dependencies from custom package repositories.</p><p>However, such packages can be published to a custom package repository.</p></div></aside><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="publishing-to-a-custom-package-repository">Publishing to a custom package repository</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#publishing-to-a-custom-package-repository" aria-label="Link to 'Publishing to a custom package repository' section">#</a></div><p>To publish a package to a custom package repository instead of <a href="https://pub.dev">pub.dev</a>, specify the <a href="/tools/pub/pubspec#publish_to"><code>publish_to</code></a> property in <code>pubspec.yaml</code>. If authentication is enabled, publishing uses the same <a href="#token-authentication">token authentication</a> as retrieving packages.</p><aside class="alert alert-info"><div class="alert-header"><i class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">info</i> <span>Note</span></div><div class="alert-content"><p>To prevent accidental publication to <a href="https://pub.dev">pub.dev</a> when working on a private package, it's a good idea to specify this early in the development.</p></div></aside><p>To prepare a package for publishing to <code>https://dart-packages.example.com</code>, your <code>pubspec.yaml</code> should look minimally like the following:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-yaml"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language yaml">yaml</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">name</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#11796D">example_package</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">version</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#11796D">1.0.0</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6E6E70"># Ensures the package is published to https://dart-packages.example.com</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">publish_to</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#11796D">https://dart-packages.example.com</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>To then publish a new version of the package, use <code>dart pub publish</code>:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-console"><div class="code-block-body"><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">$ dart pub publish</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">Publishing example_package 1.0.0 to https://dart-packages.example.com</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">|-- CHANGELOG.md</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">|-- LICENSE</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">|-- README.md</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">|-- lib</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">| '-- example_package.dart</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">'-- pubspec.yaml</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">...</span></span></code></pre></div></div><aside class="alert alert-info"><div class="alert-header"><i class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">info</i> <span>Note</span></div><div class="alert-content"><p>Even if you aren't using a private repository, you can specify <code>publish_to: none</code> which stops any accidental publication.</p></div></aside><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="default-override">Overriding the default package repository</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#default-override" aria-label="Link to 'Overriding the default package repository' section">#</a></div><p>By default, <code>dart pub</code> retrieves dependencies from and publishes packages to the <a href="https://pub.dev">pub.dev site</a> unless the hosted-dependency syntax is used to specify a custom package repository. However, you can override the default package repository using the <a href="/tools/pub/environment-variables"><code>PUB_HOSTED_URL</code></a> environment variable.</p><p>This approach is particularly useful when mirroring all packages in a private package repository or a subset of pub.dev when working in a restricted network environment.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="setting-up-a-custom-package-repository">Setting up a custom package repository</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#setting-up-a-custom-package-repository" aria-label="Link to 'Setting up a custom package repository' section">#</a></div><p>You can write a custom package repository by implementing the REST API outlined in the <a href="https://github.com/dart-lang/pub/blob/master/doc/repository-spec-v2.md">Hosted Pub Repository Specification Version 2</a>.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="dart-package-repositories-as-a-service">Dart package repositories as a service</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#dart-package-repositories-as-a-service" aria-label="Link to 'Dart package repositories as a service' section">#</a></div><p>Custom package repositories are also offered as a service with support for token authentication by multiple vendors, alleviating you from the overhead of hosting and maintaining your own custom package repository:</p><ul class="cols2"><li><img src="/assets/img/tools/cloudsmith.svg" class="list-image" alt="Cloudsmith logo"> <a href="https://help.cloudsmith.io/docs/dart-repository"><b>Cloudsmith</b></a></li><li><img src="/assets/img/tools/proget.svg" class="list-image" alt="Inedo ProGet logo"> <a href="https://docs.inedo.com/docs/proget/feeds/pub"><b>Inedo ProGet</b></a></li><li><img src="/assets/img/tools/jfrog.svg" class="list-image" alt="JFrog logo"> <a href="https://www.jfrog.com/confluence/display/JFROG/Pub+Repositories"><b>JFrog Artifactory</b></a></li><li><img src="/assets/img/tools/onepub.svg" class="list-image" alt="OnePub logo"> <a href="https://onepub.dev"><b>OnePub Dart Repository</b></a></li></ul><p id="page-github-links"><span>Unless stated otherwise, the documentation on this site reflects Dart 3.5.4. Page last updated on 2024-11-05.</span> <a href="https://github.com/dart-lang/site-www/tree/main/src/content/tools/pub/custom-package-repositories.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View source</a> <span>or </span><a href="https://github.com/dart-lang/site-www/issues/new?template=1_page_issue.yml&page-url=https://dart.dev/tools/pub/custom-package-repositories/&page-source=https://github.com/dart-lang/site-www/tree/main/src/content/tools/pub/custom-package-repositories.md" title="Report an issue with this page" target="_blank" rel="noopener">report an issue</a>.</p></div></article></main><footer id="page-footer"><div class="footer-section footer-main"><a href="/" class="brand" title="Dart"><img src="/assets/img/logo/logo-white-text.svg" alt="Dart" width="164"></a><div class="footer-social-links"><a href="https://medium.com/dartlang" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Medium blog"><svg><use href="/assets/img/social/medium.svg#medium"></use></svg> </a><a href="https://github.com/dart-lang" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="GitHub"><svg><use href="/assets/img/social/github.svg#github"></use></svg> </a><a href="https://twitter.com/dart_lang" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="X (Twitter)"><svg><use href="/assets/img/social/x.svg#x"></use></svg></a></div></div><div class="footer-section footer-tray"><div class="footer-licenses">Except as otherwise noted, this site is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, and code samples are licensed under the <a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause">3-Clause BSD License</a>.</div><div class="footer-utility-links"><ul><li><a href="/terms" title="Terms of use">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Privacy policy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="/security" title="Security philosophy and practices">Security</a></li></ul></div></div></footer></body></html>