CINXE.COM
Energy & Geopolitics | CNAS
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MF4NFW');</script> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WKSKNQJ');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#48acdb"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="home" href="https://www.cnas.org/" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.cnas.org/assets/stylesheets/app-cde0411cb8.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//cloud.typography.com/6895734/7858552/css/fonts.css"> <script> function isTouchDevice() { return (('ontouchstart' in window) || (navigator.MaxTouchPoints > 0) || (navigator.msMaxTouchPoints > 0)); } function supportsObjectFit() { return ('objectFit' in document.documentElement.style === true); } var html = document.documentElement; html.className = html.className.replace('no-js', 'js'); html.classList.add((isTouchDevice() ? '' : 'no-') + 'touch'); html.classList.add((supportsObjectFit() ? '' : 'no-') + 'object-fit'); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.typekit.net/skl0tcm.css"> <script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LdYExsqAAAAAIQrguiy7V0Mzf19k4izriCKzUBJ"></script> <script src="https://www.cnas.org/picturefill.min.js" async></script> <title>Energy & Geopolitics | CNAS</title><meta name="generator" content="SEOmatic"> <meta name="description" content="Developing strong, pragmatic and principled national security and defense policies."> <meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade"> <meta name="robots" content="all"> <meta content="en_US" property="og:locale"> <meta content="CNAS" property="og:site_name"> <meta content="website" property="og:type"> <meta content="https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security/energy-exports" property="og:url"> <meta content="Energy & Geopolitics" property="og:title"> <meta content="Developing strong, pragmatic and principled national security and defense policies." property="og:description"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Energy & Geopolitics"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Developing strong, pragmatic and principled national security and defense policies."> <link href="https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security/energy-exports" rel="canonical"> <link href="https://www.cnas.org" rel="home"> <link type="text/plain" href="https://www.cnas.org/humans.txt" rel="author"> <style> /* Progress bar */ .progress-header { z-index: 1; } /* The progress container (transparent background) */ .progress-container { width: 100%; height: 2px; background:rgba(0,0,0,0); } /* The progress bar (scroll indicator) */ .progress-bar { height: 2px; background: #43c1eb; width: 0%; } </style></head> <body style="font-family: freight-text-pro,sans-serif;color:#687279" class="subpage " data-spy="scroll" data-offset="60" data-target="#toc"> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MF4NFW" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WKSKNQJ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <header class="header"> <div class="header__inner"> <div class="header__flag"> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/" class="logo"> <span class="screenreader-only">Center for a New American Security</span> <img class="small-logo" src="/assets/images/CNAS-Logo-Web-NEW.png" alt="CNAS small logo"> </a> <ul id="megamenu-triggers" class="nav -primary"> <li> <button class="nav__button" aria-controls="research-menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open the Research Menu" data-module="collapsible" data-parent="megamenu-triggers"> <span class="nav__button__flex"> <span>Research</span> <span class="chevron -down"></span> </span> </button> </li> <li> <button class="nav__button" aria-controls="experts-menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open the Experts Menu" data-module="collapsible" data-parent="megamenu-triggers"> <span class="nav__button__flex"> <span>Experts</span> <span class="chevron -down"></span> </span> </button> </li> <li> <button class="nav__button" aria-controls="about-menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open the About Menu" data-module="collapsible" data-parent="megamenu-triggers"> <span class="nav__button__flex"> <span>About</span> <span class="chevron -down"></span> </span> </button> </li> </ul> </div> <ul class="nav -secondary"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/events" class="nav__link"><span>Events</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/join" class="nav__link"><span>Subscribe</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/support-cnas" class="nav__link"><span>Support</span></a> </li> <li> <button class="nav__button -search" aria-controls="search-form" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open the Search Form" data-module="collapsible"> <span class="nav__button__flex"> <span class="screenreader-only">Open the Search Form</span> <span class="sprite -magnifier "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#magnifier"></use> </svg> </span> <span class="x"></span> </span> </button> </li> </ul> </div> <form id="search-form" action="https://www.cnas.org/search" method="get" aria-hidden="true" class="header__search"> <label for="q"> <span class="screenreader-only">Search by keyword:</span> </label> <input type="search" name="q" placeholder="What are you looking for?"> <button type="submit" class="square-chevron-button"> <span class="screenreader-only">Search</span> <span class="chevron -right -white"></span> </button> </form> <div id="research-menu" aria-hidden="true" class="megamenu"> <div class="menu"> <button type="button" class="megamenu__close x-button" data-js="close"> <span class="megamenu__close__flex"> <span class="screenreader-only">Close</span> <span class="x"></span> </span> </button> <div class="menu__pane -c2"> <h3 class="menu__heading" data-toc-skip>Publications</h3> <ul class="menu__list"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/reports">Reports</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/articles-multimedia">Articles & Multimedia</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/articles-multimedia?type=congressional-testimony">Congressional Testimony</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/articles-multimedia?type=commentary">Commentary</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/articles-multimedia?type=video">Video</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/articles-multimedia?type=podcast">Podcast</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu__pane -c10"> <h3 class="menu__heading" data-toc-skip>Research Areas</h3> <ul class="menu__list"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/defense">Defense</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/defense/hard-choices-in-defense">Hard Choices in Defense</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/defense/the-future-of-warfare">The Future of Warfare</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/defense/strengthening-deterrence">Strengthening Deterrence</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/defense/wargaming">The Gaming Lab</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/defense/defense-discussions">Defense Discussions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/indo-pacific-security">Indo-Pacific Security</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/indo-pacific-security/china">The China Challenge</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/indo-pacific-security/regional-alliances-and-partnerships">Regional Alliances and Partnerships</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/indo-pacific-security/the-india-opportunity">The India Opportunity</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/indo-pacific-security/north-korea">The North Korea Threat</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/military-veterans-and-society">Military, Veterans & Society</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/military-veterans-and-society/military">Military</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/military-veterans-and-society/veterans-1">Veterans</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/military-veterans-and-society/society">Society</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/transatlantic-security">Transatlantic Security</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/transatlantic-security/russia">Russia</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/transatlantic-security/confronting-threats-to-democracy">Confronting Threats to Democracy</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/transatlantic-security/nato-and-european-security">NATO and European Security</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/transatlantic-security/the-future-of-europe">Responding to Strategic Challenges</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/middle-east-security">Middle East Security</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/middle-east-security/israel-hamas-war">Israel-Hamas War</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/middle-east-security/evolving-the-mission">Evolving the Mission–Iraq/Syria/ISIS</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/middle-east-security/iran">Iran Futures</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/middle-east-security/constructing-regional-partnerships-and-seizing-emerging-opportunities">Constructing Regional Partnerships and Seizing Emerging Opportunities</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/middle-east-security/israel">Security Assistance</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security">Energy, Economics & Security</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security/sanctions">Targeted Sanctions: Russia and Iran</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security/economic-statecraft">Economic Statecraft</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security/energy-exports">Energy & Geopolitics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security/sanctions-by-the-numbers">Sanctions by the Numbers</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/technology-and-national-security">Technology & National Security</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/technology-and-national-security/artificial-intelligence-ssp">Artificial Intelligence</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/technology-and-national-security/technology-strategy">Technology Strategy</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/technology-and-national-security/5g-security">Critical Digital Infrastructure</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/technology-and-national-security/biotechnology">Biotechnology</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/congress-and-national-security">Securing U.S. Democracy Initiative</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/congress-and-national-security/enhancing-dhs-oversight-accountability">Enhancing DHS Oversight & Accountability</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/congress-and-national-security/safe-home">Safe@Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/congress-and-national-security/intelligence-oversight">Congress and National Security</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/congress-and-national-security/key-national-security-issues">Renewing the National Security Consensus</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="experts-menu" aria-hidden="true" class="megamenu"> <div class="menu"> <button type="button" class="megamenu__close x-button" data-js="close"> <span class="megamenu__close__flex"> <span class="screenreader-only">Close</span> <span class="x"></span> </span> </button> <div class="menu__pane -c6"> <h3 class="menu__heading" data-toc-skip>Resident Experts</h3> <ul class="menu__list"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/experts">All Resident Experts</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu__list"> <li class="break"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/molly-campbell">Molly Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/vivek-chilukuri">Vivek Chilukuri</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/carrie-cordero">Carrie Cordero</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/lisa-curtis">Lisa Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/michael-depp">Michael Depp</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/bill-drexel">Bill Drexel</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/janet-egan">Janet Egan</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/joshua-fitt">Joshua Fitt</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/richard-fontaine">Richard Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/geoffrey-gertz">Geoffrey Gertz</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/noah-greene">Noah Greene</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/carlton-haelig">Carlton Haelig</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/sam-howell">Sam Howell</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/kate-johnston">Kate Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/andrea-kendall-taylor">Andrea Kendall-Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/emily-kilcrease">Emily Kilcrease</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/katherine-kuzminski">Katherine L. Kuzminski</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/nicholas-lokker">Nicholas Lokker</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/jonathan-lord">Jonathan Lord</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/gibbs-mckinley">Gibbs McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/carisa-nietsche">Carisa Nietsche</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/stacie-pettyjohn">Stacie Pettyjohn</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/ruby-scanlon">Ruby Scanlon</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/paul-scharre">Paul Scharre</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/philip-sheers">Philip Sheers</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/jacob-stokes">Jacob Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/taren-sylvester">Taren Sylvester</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/adam-h-tong">Adam H. Tong</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/constanza-m-vidal-bustamante">Constanza M. Vidal Bustamante</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/josh-wallin">Josh Wallin</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/becca-wasser">Becca Wasser</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/caleb-withers">Caleb Withers</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/robert-work">Robert O. Work</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu__pane -c6"> <h3 class="menu__heading" data-toc-skip>Adjunct Experts</h3> <ul class="menu__list"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/experts#adjunct">All Adjunct Experts</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="menu__list"> <li class="break"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/manpreet-singh-anand">Manpreet Singh Anand</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/brandon-j-archuleta">Brandon J. Archuleta</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/lt-gen-robert-ashley-jr-ret">Lt. Gen. Robert Ashley, Jr. (Ret.)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/christian-beckner">Christian Beckner</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/samuel-bendett">Samuel Bendett</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/paul-benfield">Paul Benfield</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/rachel-brandenburg">Rachel Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/dr-jonathan-brewer">Dr. Jonathan Brewer</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/josh-campbell">Josh Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/pablo-chavez">Pablo Chavez</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/richard-connolly">Richard Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/john-costello">John Costello</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/eitan-danon">Eitan Danon</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/richard-j-danzig">Richard J. Danzig</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/jason-dempsey">Jason Dempsey</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/yaya-j-fanusie">Yaya J. Fanusie</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/ryan-fedasiuk">Ryan Fedasiuk</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/david-feith">David Feith</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/edward-fishman-1">Edward Fishman</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/tim-fist">Tim Fist</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/greg-grant">Greg Grant</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/dr-erik-lin-greenberg">Dr. Erik Lin-Greenberg</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/michael-greenwald">Michael Greenwald</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/hamzeh-hadad">Hamzeh Hadad</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/hon-robert-f-hale">Hon. Robert F. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/heli-hautala">Heli Hautala</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/franz-stefan-gady">Franz-Stefan Gady</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/jeannette-gaudry-haynie">Dr. Jeannette Gaudry Haynie</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/jacob-helberg">Jacob Helberg</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/michelle-holko-phd-pmp">Michelle Holko, PhD, PMP</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/john-hughes">John Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/kyleanne-hunter">Dr. Kyleanne Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/ltg-anthony-r-tony-ierardi-usa-ret">LTG Anthony R. "Tony" Ierardi, USA (Ret.)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/akira-igata">Akira Igata</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/elsa-b-kania">Elsa B. Kania</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/robert-kaplan">Robert D. Kaplan</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/duyeon-kim">Dr. Duyeon Kim</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/christopher-d-kolenda">Christopher D. Kolenda</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/margarita-rita-konaev">Margarita "Rita" Konaev</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/steven-kosiak">Steven Kosiak</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/dr-andrew-f-krepinevich-jr">Dr. Andrew F. Krepinevich, Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/thomas-krueger">Thomas Krueger</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/peter-l-levin">Peter L. Levin</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/jennifer-mcardle">Jennifer McArdle</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/brendan-mccord">Brendan McCord</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/dr-ed-mcgrady">Dr. ED McGrady</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/trey-meeks">Trey Meeks</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/jack-midgley">Jack Midgley</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/j-travis-mosier">J Travis Mosier</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/dr-go-myong-hyun">Dr. Go Myong-Hyun</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/catherine-a-novelli">Catherine A. Novelli</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/dr-john-park">Dr. John Park</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/dr-lynne-e-parker">Dr. Lynne E. Parker</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/ben-renda">Ben Renda</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/diem-salmon">Diem Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/jordan-schneider">Jordan Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/peter-schroeder">Peter Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/michael-sellitto">Michael Sellitto</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/vance-serchuk">Vance Serchuk</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/mark-seip">Mark Seip</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/lt-gen-jack-shanahan-usaf-ret">John (Jack) N.T. Shanahan</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/tom-shugart">Tom Shugart</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/daniel-silverberg">Daniel Silverberg</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/alexander-sullivan">Alexander Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/tobias-switzer">Tobias Switzer</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/rachel-tecott">Rachel Tecott Metz</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/alanna-c-torres-van-antwerp">Alanna C. Torres-Van Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/jim-townsend">Jim Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/richard-verma">Richard R. Verma</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/anthony-vinci">Anthony Vinci</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/jon-b-wolfsthal">Jon B. Wolfsthal</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/alex-zerden">Alex Zerden</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/rachel-ziemba">Rachel Ziemba</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people/morgan-poyant">Morgan Poyant</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="about-menu" aria-hidden="true" class="megamenu"> <div class="menu"> <button type="button" class="megamenu__close x-button" data-js="close"> <span class="megamenu__close__flex"> <span class="screenreader-only">Close</span> <span class="x"></span> </span> </button> <div class="menu__pane -c2"> <h3 class="menu__heading" data-toc-skip>Who We Are</h3> <ul class="menu__list"> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/mission">Mission</a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=full-time-staff">People</a> <ul> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=full-time-staff">Full-Time Staff</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=executive-team">Executive Team</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=board-of-directors">Board of Directors</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=board-of-advisors">Board of Advisors</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=directors-emeriti">Directors Emeriti</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=distinguished-senior-fellows">Distinguished Senior Fellows</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=adjunct-staff">Adjunct Fellows</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=visting-fellow">Senior Military Fellows</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=joseph-s-nye">Joseph S. Nye Interns</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=cnas-supporters">CNAS Supporters</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=next-generation-national-security-fellows">Next Generation National Security Fellows</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=visiting-fellow">Visiting Fellows</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=writer-in-residence">Writer in Residence</a></li> <li class="hide-on-mobile"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/people?group=in-memoriam">In Memoriam</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/careers">Careers</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/careers/internships">Internships</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu__pane -c6"> <h3 class="menu__heading" data-toc-skip>CNAS Programs</h3> <ul class="menu__list"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/next-generation-programs">Next Generation Programs</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/next-generation-programs/nextgeneration">The Shawn Brimley Next Generation National Security Leaders Fellowship</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/next-generation-programs/robert-m-gates-fellowship">Robert M. Gates Fellowship</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/next-generation-programs/1lt-andrew-j-bacevich-jr-usa-award">1LT Andrew J. Bacevich Jr., USA Award</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/next-generation-programs/make-room-initiative">Make Room</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/next-generation-programs/internships">Joseph S. Nye, Jr. National Security Internship and Mentoring Program</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/next-generation-programs/the-pitch-a-competition-of-new-ideas">The Pitch: A Competition of New Ideas</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/women-in-national-security">Women in National Security</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/visiting-fellows">Visiting Fellows</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/visiting-fellows/writers-in-residence">Writers in Residence</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/visiting-fellows/senior-military-fellows-program">Senior Military Fellows Program</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/support-cnas">Support CNAS</a> <ul class="hide-on-mobile"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/support-cnas/cnas-council">Join the CNAS Council</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/support-cnas/cnas-corporate-partnership-program">CNAS Corporate Partnership Program</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/support-cnas/frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu__pane -c2"> <h3 class="menu__heading" data-toc-skip>Press</h3> <ul class="menu__list"> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/press">All Press</a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/photos">Photos</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="menu__pane -c2"> <h3 class="menu__heading" data-toc-skip>Events</h3> <ul class="menu__list"> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/events">All Events</a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/events/cnas-2024-national-security-conference-high-stakes">CNAS 2024 National Security Conference: High Stakes</a> </li> </ul> <h3 class="menu__heading" data-toc-skip>Connect</h3> <ul class="menu__list"> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/support-cnas">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/contact">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/join">Subscribe</a></li> </ul> <ul class="menu__social"> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/cnasdc" title="Twitter"> <span class="sprite -twitter "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <title>Twitter</title> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#twitter"></use> </svg> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/CNASdc" title="YouTube"> <span class="sprite -youtube "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <title>YouTube</title> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#youtube"></use> </svg> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/CNASdc" title="Facebook"> <span class="sprite -facebook "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <title>Facebook</title> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#facebook"></use> </svg> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#7a13141c153a19141b095415081d" title="Email"> <span class="sprite -email "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <title>Email</title> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#email"></use> </svg> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Progress bar --> <div class="progress-header"> <div class="progress-container"> <div class="progress-bar" id="myBar"></div> </div> </div> <!-- Progress bar end--> </header> <main id="content" role="main"> <article> <header> <div class="article__header -blue wrapper -extra-large"> <div class="attribution-block"> </div> <p class="overlap-label margin-bottom"> <span class="overlap-label__underline">Part of</span> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security"> <span class="chevron -left -gray"></span> Energy, Economics & Security </a> </p> <h1 class="page-title">Energy & Geopolitics</h1> <p class="overlap-label margin-top"> <span class="overlap-label__underline">Within Energy & Geopolitics</span> </p> <ul class="category-list-columns"> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security/energy-exports/arctic-region"> Arctic Region <span class="chevron -right -gray"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security/energy-exports/law-of-the-sea-convention"> Law of the Sea Convention <span class="chevron -right -gray"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security/energy-exports/climate-change"> Climate Change <span class="chevron -right -gray"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security/energy-exports/natural-resources"> Natural Resources <span class="chevron -right -gray"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security/energy-exports/rare-earth-minerals"> Rare Earth Minerals <span class="chevron -right -gray"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security/energy-exports/resource-security"> Resource Security <span class="chevron -right -gray"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </header> <div class="wrapper wysiwyg margin-vertical"> </div> <p class="center"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/support-cnas" class="button -solid">Support CNAS</a></p> </article> <section class="wrapper -extra-large margin-vertical-2x"> <h2 class="section-title margin-bottom-half-em">Recent Publications</h2> <div class="wrapper"> <ul class="entry-listing"> <li class="-with-image"> <div class="labeled-image"> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/publications/commentary/the-geopolitics-of-deep-sea-mining-and-green-technologies" aria-label="The Geopolitics of Deep-Sea Mining and Green Technologies - image link"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" srcset=" https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_165x110_crop_center-center_none/shutterstock_1154460343.jpg 165w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_285x190_crop_center-center_none/shutterstock_1154460343.jpg 285w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_400x267_crop_center-center_none/shutterstock_1154460343.jpg 400w" sizes="(min-width: 600px) 285px, (min-width: 430px) 400px, calc(100vw - 30px)" width="400" height="267" class="desaturate" alt=""> </a> <span class="label">Commentary</span> </div> <ul class="entry-listing__meta"> <li>United States Institute for Peace</li> <li>November 3, 2022</li> </ul> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/publications/commentary/the-geopolitics-of-deep-sea-mining-and-green-technologies" class="sans-serif fz16 bold margin-top-half-em">The Geopolitics of Deep-Sea Mining and Green Technologies</a> <p class="fz15 margin-top-1em"> <span class="screenreader-only">By</span> Jocelyn Trainer </p> </li> <li class="-with-image"> <div class="labeled-image"> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/publications/commentary/americas-2021-counterproliferation-finance-agenda" aria-label="America’s 2021 Counterproliferation Finance Agenda - image link"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" srcset=" https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_165x110_crop_center-center_none/Treasury-Department-Hero-Getty.jpg 165w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_285x190_crop_center-center_none/Treasury-Department-Hero-Getty.jpg 285w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_400x267_crop_center-center_none/Treasury-Department-Hero-Getty.jpg 400w" sizes="(min-width: 600px) 285px, (min-width: 430px) 400px, calc(100vw - 30px)" width="400" height="267" class="desaturate" alt=""> </a> <span class="label">Commentary</span> </div> <ul class="entry-listing__meta"> <li>December 11, 2020</li> </ul> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/publications/commentary/americas-2021-counterproliferation-finance-agenda" class="sans-serif fz16 bold margin-top-half-em">America’s 2021 Counterproliferation Finance Agenda</a> <p class="fz15 margin-top-1em"> <span class="screenreader-only">By</span> Jason Bartlett </p> </li> <li class="-with-image"> <div class="labeled-image"> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/publications/commentary/why-stopping-environmental-crime-is-a-matter-of-national-security" aria-label="Why Stopping Environmental Crime Is a Matter of National Security - image link"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" srcset=" https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_165x110_crop_center-center_none/arctic-landscape.jpg 165w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_285x190_crop_center-center_none/arctic-landscape.jpg 285w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_400x267_crop_center-center_none/arctic-landscape.jpg 400w" sizes="(min-width: 600px) 285px, (min-width: 430px) 400px, calc(100vw - 30px)" width="400" height="267" class="desaturate" alt=""> </a> <span class="label">Commentary</span> </div> <ul class="entry-listing__meta"> <li>World Politics Review</li> <li>July 7, 2020</li> </ul> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/publications/commentary/why-stopping-environmental-crime-is-a-matter-of-national-security" class="sans-serif fz16 bold margin-top-half-em">Why Stopping Environmental Crime Is a Matter of National Security</a> <p class="fz15 margin-top-1em"> <span class="screenreader-only">By</span> Neil Bhatiya </p> </li> <li class="-with-image"> <div class="labeled-image"> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/publications/commentary/energy-markets-geopolitics-covid-19" aria-label="Energy Markets, Geopolitics, and COVID-19 - image link"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" srcset=" https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_165x110_crop_center-center_none/Oil-Platform-Natural-Resources-Getty-Header.jpg 165w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_285x190_crop_center-center_none/Oil-Platform-Natural-Resources-Getty-Header.jpg 285w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_400x267_crop_center-center_none/Oil-Platform-Natural-Resources-Getty-Header.jpg 400w" sizes="(min-width: 600px) 285px, (min-width: 430px) 400px, calc(100vw - 30px)" width="400" height="267" class="desaturate" alt=""> </a> <span class="label">Commentary</span> </div> <ul class="entry-listing__meta"> <li>May 22, 2020</li> </ul> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/publications/commentary/energy-markets-geopolitics-covid-19" class="sans-serif fz16 bold margin-top-half-em">Energy Markets, Geopolitics, and COVID-19</a> <p class="fz15 margin-top-1em"> <span class="screenreader-only">By</span> Sam Dorshimer & Abigail Eineman </p> </li> <li> <ul class="entry-listing__meta -with-label"> <li> <span class="label">Podcast</span> </li> <li>May 1, 2020</li> </ul> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/publications/podcast/covid-19-and-the-oil-price-collapse" class="sans-serif fz16 bold margin-top-half-em">Covid‑19 and the oil price collapse</a> <p class="fz15 margin-top-1em"> <span class="screenreader-only">By</span> Rachel Ziemba, Roland Rajah & Rodger Shanahan </p> </li> </ul> <p class="margin-top-1em"> <a href="/reports?area=energy-exports" class="button">View All Reports</a> <a href="/articles-multimedia?area=energy-exports" class="button">View All Articles & Multimedia</a> </p> </div> </section> <section class="wrapper -extra-large margin-vertical-2x"> <h2 class="section-title margin-bottom-half-em">Related Events</h2> <div class="wrapper -extra-large"> <div class="wrapper -extra-large -clear margin-vertical"> <div class="photo-listing -multiple -c3 "> <figure class="photo-listing__item"> <div class="labeled-image"> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/events/virtual-fireside-chat-effects-of-the-russian-oil-cap-with-dep-sec-wally-adeyemo" aria-label="Virtual Fireside Chat | Effects of the Russian Oil Cap with Dep. Sec. Wally Adeyemo - image link"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" srcset=" https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_580x348_crop_center-center_none/wally-adeyemo.png 580w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_690x414_crop_center-center_none/wally-adeyemo.png 690w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_768x461_crop_center-center_none/wally-adeyemo.png 768w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_1140x684_crop_center-center_none/wally-adeyemo.png 1140w" sizes="(min-width: 1200px) 1140px, (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 60px), calc(100vw - 30px)" width="1140" height="684" class="desaturate" alt=""> </a> <span class="label">Energy, Economics & Security</span> </div> <figcaption> <h2 class="h4"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/events/virtual-fireside-chat-effects-of-the-russian-oil-cap-with-dep-sec-wally-adeyemo">Virtual Fireside Chat | Effects of the Russian Oil Cap with Dep. Sec. Wally Adeyemo</a></h2> <p class="margin-top-1em"> Jun 15, 2023</p> <p> </p> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="photo-listing__item"> <div class="labeled-image"> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/events/make-room-study-session-national-security-in-the-era-of-climate-change" aria-label="Make Room | Study Session: National Security in the Era of Climate Change - image link"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" srcset=" https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_580x348_crop_center-center_none/CNAS-Make-Room-web-hero.jpg 580w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_690x414_crop_center-center_none/CNAS-Make-Room-web-hero.jpg 690w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_768x461_crop_center-center_none/CNAS-Make-Room-web-hero.jpg 768w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_1140x684_crop_center-center_none/CNAS-Make-Room-web-hero.jpg 1140w" sizes="(min-width: 1200px) 1140px, (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 60px), calc(100vw - 30px)" width="1140" height="684" class="desaturate" alt=""> </a> <span class="label">Energy, Economics & Security</span> </div> <figcaption> <h2 class="h4"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/events/make-room-study-session-national-security-in-the-era-of-climate-change">Make Room | Study Session: National Security in the Era of Climate Change</a></h2> <p class="margin-top-1em"> Apr 18, 2023</p> <p> </p> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="photo-listing__item"> <div class="labeled-image"> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/events/virtual-event-climate-security" aria-label="Virtual Event | Climate Security - image link"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" srcset=" https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_580x348_crop_center-center_none/clean-tech-solar-work.jpeg 580w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_690x414_crop_center-center_none/clean-tech-solar-work.jpeg 690w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_768x461_crop_center-center_none/clean-tech-solar-work.jpeg 768w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/hero/_1140x684_crop_center-center_none/clean-tech-solar-work.jpeg 1140w" sizes="(min-width: 1200px) 1140px, (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 60px), calc(100vw - 30px)" width="1140" height="684" class="desaturate" alt=""> </a> <span class="label">Energy, Economics & Security</span> </div> <figcaption> <h2 class="h4"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/events/virtual-event-climate-security">Virtual Event | Climate Security</a></h2> <p class="margin-top-1em"> Oct 13, 2022</p> <p> </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <p class="margin-top-1em"> <a href="/events?area=energy-exports" class="button">View All Events</a> </p> </div> </section> <section class="wrapper -extra-large margin-vertical-2x"> <h2 class="section-title margin-bottom-half-em">Related Press</h2> <div class="wrapper -extra-large"> <div class="wrapper -extra-large -clear margin-vertical"> <div class="photo-listing -multiple -c3 "> <figure class="photo-listing__item"> <div class="labeled-image"> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/press/in-the-news/commodities-2024-global-crude-supplies-seen-giving-biden-wiggle-room-on-oil-sanctions" aria-label="Commodities 2024: Global Crude Supplies Seen Giving Biden Wiggle Room on Oil Sanctions - image link"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" srcset=" https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/title/_580x348_crop_center-center_none/Oil-prices.jpeg 580w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/title/_690x414_crop_center-center_none/Oil-prices.jpeg 690w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/title/_768x461_crop_center-center_none/Oil-prices.jpeg 768w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/title/_1140x684_crop_center-center_none/Oil-prices.jpeg 1140w" sizes="(min-width: 1200px) 1140px, (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 60px), calc(100vw - 30px)" width="1140" height="684" class="desaturate" alt=""> </a> <span class="label">Energy, Economics & Security</span> </div> <figcaption> <h2 class="h4"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/press/in-the-news/commodities-2024-global-crude-supplies-seen-giving-biden-wiggle-room-on-oil-sanctions">Commodities 2024: Global Crude Supplies Seen Giving Biden Wiggle Room on Oil Sanctions</a></h2> <p class="margin-top-1em"> US gasoline prices in 2024 will be a factor in any Biden administration decision to tighten oil-related sanctions in an election year when prices at the pump could sway voters... </p> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="photo-listing__item"> <div class="labeled-image"> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/press/in-the-news/how-a-yemeni-rebel-group-is-creating-chaos-in-the-global-economy" aria-label="How a Yemeni Rebel Group Is Creating Chaos in the Global Economy - image link"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" srcset=" https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/title/_580x348_crop_center-center_none/houthi-yemen_2023-12-27-180927_mhbc.jpg 580w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/title/_690x414_crop_center-center_none/houthi-yemen_2023-12-27-180927_mhbc.jpg 690w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/title/_768x461_crop_center-center_none/houthi-yemen_2023-12-27-180927_mhbc.jpg 768w, https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/title/_1140x684_crop_center-center_none/houthi-yemen_2023-12-27-180927_mhbc.jpg 1140w" sizes="(min-width: 1200px) 1140px, (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 60px), calc(100vw - 30px)" width="1140" height="684" class="desaturate" alt=""> </a> <span class="label">Energy, Economics & Security</span> </div> <figcaption> <h2 class="h4"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/press/in-the-news/how-a-yemeni-rebel-group-is-creating-chaos-in-the-global-economy">How a Yemeni Rebel Group Is Creating Chaos in the Global Economy</a></h2> <p class="margin-top-1em"> Some countries may feel the impact directly, such as the cash-strapped government of Egypt, which earns more than $9 billion a year from Suez Canal transit fees. But given the... </p> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="photo-listing__item"> <div class="labeled-image"> <a href="https://www.cnas.org/press/in-the-news/us-treasury-sanctions-companies-tankers-for-violating-g7-led-price-cap-on-russian-crude" aria-label="U.S. Treasury Sanctions Companies, Tankers for Violating G7-Led Price Cap on Russian Crude - image link"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" srcset=" https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/title/_580x348_crop_center-center_none/oil-tanker-getty.jpg 580w" sizes="(min-width: 1200px) 1140px, (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 60px), calc(100vw - 30px)" width="683" height="410" class="desaturate" alt=""> </a> <span class="label">Energy, Economics & Security</span> </div> <figcaption> <h2 class="h4"><a href="https://www.cnas.org/press/in-the-news/us-treasury-sanctions-companies-tankers-for-violating-g7-led-price-cap-on-russian-crude">U.S. Treasury Sanctions Companies, Tankers for Violating G7-Led Price Cap on Russian Crude</a></h2> <p class="margin-top-1em"> The new sanctions are a part of the shift that the US took towards enforcement of the price cap in October, and they may lead G7 companies to become more reluctant to trade wi... </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <p class="margin-top-1em"> <a href="/press?area=energy-exports" class="button">View All Press</a> </p> </div> </section> </main> <footer class="footer"> <div class="footer__inner"> <dl class="footer__contact-info"> <dt class="screenreader-only">Address:</dt> <dd> <span class="sprite -pin "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#pin"></use> </svg> </span> <span> Center for a New American Security<br> 1701 Pennsylvania Ave NW<br> Suite 700<br> Washington, DC 20006 </span> </dd> <dt class="screenreader-only">Phone:</dt> <dd> <span class="sprite -phone "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#phone"></use> </svg> </span> <span>(202) 457-9400</span> </dd> <dt class="screenreader-only">Email:</dt> <dd> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#056c6b636a45666b64762b6a7762"> <span class="sprite -email "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#email"></use> </svg> </span> <span><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="f1989f979eb1929f9082df9e8396">[email protected]</span></span> </a> </dd> </dl> <ul class="footer__social-nav"> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/cnasdc"> <span class="sprite -twitter "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#twitter"></use> </svg> </span> <span>Twitter</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/center-for-a-new-american-security/"> <span class="sprite -linkedin "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#linkedin"></use> </svg> </span> <span>LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/CNASdc"> <span class="sprite -youtube "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#youtube"></use> </svg> </span> <span>YouTube</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://instagram.com/cnasdc"> <span class="sprite -instagram "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#instagram"></use> </svg> </span> <span>Instagram</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/CNASdc"> <span class="sprite -facebook "> <svg width="16" height="16" class="svgsprite"> <use xlink:href="/assets/images/icons.svg?v=2#facebook"></use> </svg> </span> <span>Facebook</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="footer__supplementary-nav"> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/mission">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/careers/internships">Internships</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/careers">Careers</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/support-cnas">Support CNAS</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/join">Subscribe</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/press">Press</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cnas.org/contact">Contact</a></li> </ul> <p class="footer__copyright"> © 2024 Center for a New American Security. </p> </div> <div class="return-top"> <a href="#top" title="Return to top"> <img class="return-top-icon" alt="Return to top" src="/assets/images/return-top-white.png"> </a> </div> </footer> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="https://www.cnas.org/assets/javascripts/app-83c83bd3c129aa526fb9.js"></script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","author":{"@id":"#identity"},"copyrightHolder":{"@id":"#identity"},"copyrightYear":"2016","creator":{"@id":"#creator"},"dateCreated":"2016-07-25T08:56:01-04:00","dateModified":"2016-09-28T13:49:19-04:00","datePublished":"2016-07-25T08:56:01-04:00","description":"Developing strong, pragmatic and principled national security and defense policies.","headline":"Energy & Geopolitics","inLanguage":"en-us","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security/energy-exports","name":"Energy & Geopolitics","publisher":{"@id":"#creator"},"url":"https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security/energy-exports"},{"@id":"#identity","@type":"LocalBusiness","priceRange":"$"},{"@id":"#creator","@type":"Organization"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","description":"Breadcrumbs list","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","item":"https://www.cnas.org","name":"Homepage","position":1},{"@type":"ListItem","item":"https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security","name":"Energy, Economics & Security","position":2},{"@type":"ListItem","item":"https://www.cnas.org/research/energy-economics-and-security/energy-exports","name":"Energy & Geopolitics","position":3}],"name":"Breadcrumbs"}]}</script><script>window.rsk = "6LdYExsqAAAAAIQrguiy7V0Mzf19k4izriCKzUBJ"; // Progress bar window.onscroll = function() {progressScroll()}; function progressScroll() { var winScroll = document.body.scrollTop || document.documentElement.scrollTop; var height = document.documentElement.scrollHeight - document.documentElement.clientHeight; var scrolled = (winScroll / height) * 100; document.getElementById("myBar").style.width = scrolled + "%"; };</script></body> </html> <!-- Cached by Blitz on 2024-11-23T17:38:42-05:00 --><!-- Served by Blitz on 2024-11-24T10:45:13-05:00 -->