CINXE.COM

Springer Journals | For Librarians | Springer Nature

<!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if lt IE 7]> <html class="no-js ie6 lt-ie9 lt-ie8"> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 7]> <html class="no-js ie7 lt-ie9 lt-ie8"> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 8]> <html class="no-js ie8 lt-ie9"> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 9]> <html class="no-js ie9"> <![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 9]><!--> <html class="no-js"> <!--<![endif]--> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <!-- Prefetch DNS for external assets --> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.googleapis.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.google-analytics.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.googletagmanager.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//rum-static.pingdom.net" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//global.localizecdn.com" /> <title>Springer Journals | For Librarians | Springer Nature</title> <!-- add data layer first --> <script type="text/javascript"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({"page.attributes.template":"sn","page.category.pageType":"content-page","user.segment.librarians":"1","visitor.organizationName":"Not found"}); </script> <script src="https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-latest.js"></script> <!-- Google Tag Manager --><script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&amp;l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://collect.springernature.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MJMGSX6');</script><!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <meta content="IE=edge" httpEquiv="X-UA-Compatible" /><meta name="description" content=" Springer journals are the leading source for high-quality, specialized content across a broad range of interests. Each publication is rigorously peer-reviewed and edited by internationally respected scientists, researchers and academics from leading institutions and corporations throughout the world." /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="google-site-verification" content="-JVT1U_ajuWw1CQxHC7kxyRa1t7fK3Uv7Y7muf43JpY" /><meta name="google-site-verification" content="pGgCxItPY8TaGQGZyJMzlIgvAnqoYOm7gmkiLqEltR8" /><meta property="fb:pages" content="341168879741, 143932312346551, 199235833463190, 145327659223282, 304238573037854, 346209515556394, 99912541035, 108064145914608, 370429855420, 170400356321916, 273358886101252, 370987992963178, 1565916643629420, 424373190938938, 152586274808123, 152749531404582, 274648772592090, 168287986591458, 284820978207661, 121336764582486, 174395066291972, 124330454291947, 58364190265, 114336798618606, 177450032338982, 460115770673632, 526326927441845, 401070179903991, 35223474166, 2055004118104490, 227993570999679, 121053321387843, 146393288729580" /><link rel="canonical" href="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/fr/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" hreflang="fr" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/de/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" hreflang="de" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" hreflang="en" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/la/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" hreflang="es" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" hreflang="zh" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/jp/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" hreflang="ja" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" hreflang="x-default" /> <script> document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace('no-js', 'js'); </script> <script data-cc-script="C02" data-src="https://cdn.optimizely.com/js/8201881679.js"></script> <!-- Coremedia --><script type="text/javascript">const cm10 = false;</script> <!--[if !IE]><!--> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians.css?r=0.201.0" media="not print"> <!--<![endif]--> <!--[if lte IE 8]> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians-ielt9.css?r=0.201.0" media="not print"> <![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 8]> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians.css?r=0.201.0" media="not print"> <![endif]--> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians-print.css?r=0.201.0" media="print"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/app-sn/public/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png" /><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/app-sn/public/favicon/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/app-sn/public/favicon/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16" /><link rel="manifest" href="/app-sn/public/favicon/manifest.json" /><link rel="mask-icon" href="/app-sn/public/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#f0f4f7" /><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/app-sn/public/favicon/favicon.ico" /><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#8eadbf" /><meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/app-sn/public/favicon/mstile-144x144.png" /><meta name="msapplication-config" content="/app-sn/public/favicon/browserconfig.xml" /><meta name="theme-color" content="#f0f4f7" /> </head> <body class="type-page lang-cn"> <div class="cms-renderer-page-wrapper overflow-x-hidden"> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MJMGSX6&amp;gtm_auth=cZTeqdqElxH4zSLvrFnPig&amp;gtm_preview=env-1&amp;gtm_cookies_win=x" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <div id="" class="has-no-image collection collection-page item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <div id="cheader" class="collection collection-page-grid-row item-1 item-1-3"><div> <div class="core"><div id="" class="collection collection-header item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <div class="logo-meta"> <div class="row"> <div class="columns small-0 header-title medium-8 large-8"> <a href="/cn" title="Springer Nature" class="logo"><img onerror="this.src='/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.svg';this.onerror=null;" src="/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.svg" alt="Springer Nature" /></a> </div> <div class="columns small-8 header-title logo-mobile"> <a href="/cn" title="Springer Nature" class="logo"><img onerror="this.src='/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature-mobile.svg';this.onerror=null;" src="/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature-mobile.svg" alt="Springer Nature" /></a> </div> <div class="columns small-2 medium-2 large-1"> <div class="row"> <div class="columns small-4 medium-4 large-1 navigation-header-2-items"> </div> <div class="columns small-0 medium-0 large-2 navigation-languages"> <div id="c15302202" class="collection collection-navigation-languages item-2 item-2-2 last-item end even-item section even-item-custom"><div> <div class="link-menu-root core"> <div class="link-menu"> <div class="link-menu-label richtext-default">CN</div> </div> <div class="link-menu-panel"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-languages--listwrap" id="DE" data-mh="15302202"><div id="c15796978" class="teaser teaser-navigation-language item-2 item-2-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/de" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-language - DE (German) - https://www.springernature.com/de">DE (German) </a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-languages--listwrap" id="en" data-mh="15302202"><div id="c15302210" class="teaser teaser-navigation-language item-3 item-3-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-language - EN (English) - https://www.springernature.com/gp">EN (English)</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-languages--listwrap" id="cn" data-mh="15302202"><div id="c15986870" class="teaser teaser-navigation-language item-4 item-4-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/la" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-language - ES (Spanish) - https://www.springernature.com/la">ES (Spanish)</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-languages--listwrap" id="FR" data-mh="15302202"><div id="c12147348" class="teaser teaser-navigation-language item-5 item-5-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/fr" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-language - FR (Français) - https://www.springernature.com/fr">FR (Français)</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-languages--listwrap" id="ru" data-mh="15302202"><div id="c15302212" class="teaser teaser-navigation-language item-6 item-6-6 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/jp" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-language - JP (Japanese) - https://www.springernature.com/jp">JP (Japanese)</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="columns small-0 medium-0 large-2 navigation-header-login"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="menu icon"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="c15991142" class="collection-navigation-header--style-theme-orange collection collection-navigation-header item-1 item-1-2 odd-item section odd-item-custom"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class="row row-block-grid small-up-1"><li class="collection-navigation-header--listwrap column" id="authors"><div id="c12212238" class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--style-root-menu collection collection-navigation-header-level-2 item-1 item-1-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="#/cn/librarians" class="link flap--mobile " data-section-link="/cn/librarians" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav">Librarians</a> <div> <ul class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-1"><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="" data-mh="12212238"><div id="c12211758" class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--style-colored-links collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147380" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-neutral teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Home - /cn">Home</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12211734" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-emerald teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/products" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Products - /cn/products">Products</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12213908" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-3 item-3-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/open-science" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Open science - /cn/open-science">Open science</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12211732" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-4 item-4-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/authors" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Authors - /cn/authors">Authors</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147358" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-5 item-5-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/editors" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Editors - /cn/editors">Editors</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147374" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-6 item-6-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/reviewers" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Peer Reviewers - /cn/reviewers">Peer Reviewers</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15128638" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-7 item-7-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/policies" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Policies - /cn/policies">Policies</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12211730" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-orange teaser teaser-navigation-full item-8 item-8-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Librarians - /cn/librarians">Librarians</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c19250658" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-green teaser teaser-navigation-full item-9 item-9-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/booksellers" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Booksellers - /cn/booksellers">Booksellers</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147376" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-lilac teaser teaser-navigation-full item-10 item-10-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/societies" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Societies - /cn/societies">Societies</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147382" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-lime teaser teaser-navigation-full item-11 item-11-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/partners" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Partners - /cn/partners">Partners</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147378" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-neutral teaser teaser-navigation-full item-12 item-12-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/shop" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Shop - /cn/shop">Shop</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12279240" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-13 item-13-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/advancing-discovery" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - What we do - /cn/advancing-discovery">What we do</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147360" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-neutral teaser teaser-navigation-full item-14 item-14-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/contact" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Contact - /cn/contact">Contact</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c27718490" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-15 item-15-18"><div> <div class="core"> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p>-------</p></div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12270944" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-16 item-16-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/group" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Corporate Site ↗ - /cn/group">Corporate Site ↗</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c27718494" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-17 item-17-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/group/media" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Media Centre ↗ - /cn/group/media">Media Centre ↗</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c14237826" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-18 item-18-18 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/group/careers" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Careers ↗ - /cn/group/careers">Careers ↗</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header--listwrap column" id="mainnav-products"><div id="c12214646" class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--style-default collection collection-navigation-header-level-2 item-2 item-2-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="#/cn/librarians/products" class="link flap--mobile " data-section-link="/cn/librarians/products" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav">Products</a> <div> <ul class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-4"><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="" data-mh="12214646"><div id="c10895830" class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--style-one-title collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-1 item-1-4"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c10683682" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/journals" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Journals - /cn/librarians/products/journals">Journals</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c10895856" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Springer journals - /cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals">Springer journals</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c10895854" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-3 item-3-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/journals/nature-research-journals" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Nature Portfolio journals - /cn/librarians/products/journals/nature-research-journals">Nature Portfolio journals</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c10895860" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-4 item-4-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/journals/adis-journals" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Adis journals - /cn/librarians/products/journals/adis-journals">Adis journals</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c10895852" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-5 item-5-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/journals/academic-journals-on-nature-com" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Academic journals on nature.com - /cn/librarians/products/journals/academic-journals-on-nature-com">Academic journals on nature.com</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c10895858" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-6 item-6-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/journals/palgrave-journals" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Palgrave Macmillan journals - /cn/librarians/products/journals/palgrave-journals">Palgrave Macmillan journals</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c10895862" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-7 item-7-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/journals/journal-archives" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Journal archives - /cn/librarians/products/journals/journal-archives">Journal archives</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c10895864" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-8 item-8-8 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/journals/open-access-journals" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Open access journals - /cn/librarians/products/journals/open-access-journals">Open access journals</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="" data-mh="12214646"><div id="c10683246" class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--style-one-title collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-2 item-2-4"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c10683678" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/ebooks" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - eBooks - /cn/librarians/products/ebooks">eBooks</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c10895796" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/ebooks/ebook-collection" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - eBook collections - /cn/librarians/products/ebooks/ebook-collection">eBook collections</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c10895818" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-3 item-3-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/ebooks/book-archives" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Book archives - /cn/librarians/products/ebooks/book-archives">Book archives</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17038100" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-4 item-4-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/ebooks/open-access-books" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Open Access Books - /cn/librarians/products/ebooks/open-access-books">Open Access Books</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c11031174" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-5 item-5-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/ebooks/proceedings" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Proceedings - /cn/librarians/products/ebooks/proceedings">Proceedings</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c10895814" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-6 item-6-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/ebooks/reference-modules" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Reference Modules - /cn/librarians/products/ebooks/reference-modules">Reference Modules</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c11047638" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-7 item-7-7 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/ebooks/textbooks" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Textbooks - /cn/librarians/products/ebooks/textbooks">Textbooks</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="" data-mh="12214646"><div id="c10683242" class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--style-one-title collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-3 item-3-4"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c10683684" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-9"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/databases-solutions" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Databases &amp; Solutions - /cn/librarians/products/databases-solutions">Databases &amp; Solutions</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c10896174" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-9"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/databases-solutions/adis-insight" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - AdisInsight - /cn/librarians/products/databases-solutions/adis-insight">AdisInsight</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c23263160" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-3 item-3-9"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/databases-solutions/data-solutions" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Data Solutions - /cn/librarians/products/databases-solutions/data-solutions">Data Solutions</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12214586" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-4 item-4-9"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/databases-solutions/protocols-io" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - protocols.io - /cn/librarians/products/databases-solutions/protocols-io">protocols.io</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c10895896" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-5 item-5-9"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/databases-solutions/springermaterials" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - SpringerMaterials - /cn/librarians/products/databases-solutions/springermaterials">SpringerMaterials</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c10895898" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-6 item-6-9"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/databases-solutions/springerprotocols" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - SpringerProtocols - /cn/librarians/products/databases-solutions/springerprotocols">SpringerProtocols</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15081466" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-7 item-7-9"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/databases-solutions/experiments" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Springer Nature Experiments - /cn/librarians/products/databases-solutions/experiments">Springer Nature Experiments</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17681832" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-8 item-8-9"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/databases-solutions/corporate-health" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Corporate &amp; Health - /cn/librarians/products/databases-solutions/corporate-health">Corporate &amp; Health</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16817756" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-9 item-9-9 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/databases-solutions/sn-video" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Springer Nature Video - /cn/librarians/products/databases-solutions/sn-video">Springer Nature Video</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="" data-mh="12214646"><div id="c10959806" class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--style-one-title collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-4 item-4-4 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17681846" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/services" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Services - /cn/librarians/products/services">Services</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15711566" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/services/research-data-services" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Research Data Services - /cn/librarians/products/services/research-data-services">Research Data Services</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15711568" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-3 item-3-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/services/nature-masterclasses" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Nature Masterclasses - /cn/librarians/products/services/nature-masterclasses">Nature Masterclasses</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c10683738" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-4 item-4-4 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Products overview - /cn/librarians/products">Products overview</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header--listwrap column" id="mainnav-licensing"><div id="c16735336" class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--style-default collection collection-navigation-header-level-2 item-3 item-3-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="#/cn/librarians/licensing" class="link flap--mobile " data-section-link="/cn/librarians/licensing" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav">Licensing</a> <div> <ul class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-4"><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="new-content-item" data-mh="16735336"><div id="c16735326" class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--style-one-title collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-1 item-1-4"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16735462" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing/agc" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Academic, Government &amp; Corporate - /cn/librarians/licensing/agc">Academic, Government &amp; Corporate</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16735464" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing/agc/journals" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Journals - /cn/librarians/licensing/agc/journals">Journals</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16735472" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-3 item-3-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing/agc/books" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - eBooks - /cn/librarians/licensing/agc/books">eBooks</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16735482" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-4 item-4-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing/agc/databases" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Databases - /cn/librarians/licensing/agc/databases">Databases</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16735504" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-5 item-5-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing/agc/institutional-trial" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Request a trial - /cn/librarians/licensing/agc/institutional-trial">Request a trial</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16735544" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-6 item-6-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing/agc/expand-renew-corporates" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Request a demo - /cn/librarians/licensing/agc/expand-renew-corporates">Request a demo</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16735494" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-7 item-7-7 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing/agc/expand-renew-institutions" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Request a quote - /cn/librarians/licensing/agc/expand-renew-institutions">Request a quote</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="new-content-item" data-mh="16735336"><div id="c16735328" class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--style-one-title collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-2 item-2-4"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16735522" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing/corporate" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Corporate &amp; Health solutions - /cn/librarians/licensing/corporate">Corporate &amp; Health solutions</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c18137818" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/licensing/corporate#c18369996" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - eBook and Journal collections - https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/licensing/corporate#c18369996">eBook and Journal collections</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c18137820" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-3 item-3-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/licensing/corporate#c18370060" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Content on Demand (CoD) - https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/licensing/corporate#c18370060">Content on Demand (CoD)</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16735548" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-4 item-4-4 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing/corporate/trial" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Quote, trial or demo - /cn/librarians/licensing/corporate/trial">Quote, trial or demo</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="new-content-item" data-mh="16735336"><div id="c16735330" class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--style-one-title collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-3 item-3-4"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16735320" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing/journals-price-list" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Journals catalog - /cn/librarians/licensing/journals-price-list">Journals catalog</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16735594" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing/journals-price-list/serials-update" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Serials Update - /cn/librarians/licensing/journals-price-list/serials-update">Serials Update</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16735624" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-3 item-3-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing/journals-price-list/new-starts" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - New Starts - /cn/librarians/licensing/journals-price-list/new-starts">New Starts</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16735632" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-4 item-4-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing/journals-price-list/take-overs" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Take-overs - /cn/librarians/licensing/journals-price-list/take-overs">Take-overs</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c24598680" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-5 item-5-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing/journals-price-list/publishing-model-changes" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Publishing Model Changes - /cn/librarians/licensing/journals-price-list/publishing-model-changes">Publishing Model Changes</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16735634" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-6 item-6-6 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing/journals-price-list/cessations-and-transfers" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Cessations &amp; Transfers - /cn/librarians/licensing/journals-price-list/cessations-and-transfers">Cessations &amp; Transfers</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="new-content-item" data-mh="16735336"><div id="c16735454" class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--style-one-title collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-4 item-4-4 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16735642" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing/a-z" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Licensing A-Z - /cn/librarians/licensing/a-z">Licensing A-Z</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16861418" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing/a-z/how-it-works" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - How it works - /cn/librarians/licensing/a-z/how-it-works">How it works</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16675630" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-3 item-3-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing/a-z/request-a-trial" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Talk to a Licensing Manager - /cn/librarians/licensing/a-z/request-a-trial">Talk to a Licensing Manager</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16735324" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-4 item-4-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing/a-z/docusign" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Docusign - /cn/librarians/licensing/a-z/docusign">Docusign</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16735334" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-5 item-5-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing/a-z/digital-preservation" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Digital preservation - /cn/librarians/licensing/a-z/digital-preservation">Digital preservation</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c16735332" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-6 item-6-6 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Licensing overview - /cn/librarians/licensing">Licensing overview</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header--listwrap column" id="mainnav-tools-services"><div id="c17622766" class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--style-default collection collection-navigation-header-level-2 item-4 item-4-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="#/cn/librarians/tools-services" class="link flap--mobile " data-section-link="/cn/librarians/tools-services" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav">Tools &amp; Services</a> <div> <ul class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-4"><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="" data-mh="17622766"><div id="c17622772" class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--style-one-title collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-1 item-1-4"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17622776" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-5"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/tools-services/implement" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Implement - /cn/librarians/tools-services/implement">Implement</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17622842" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-5"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/tools-services/implement/discovery" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Discovery at Springer Nature - /cn/librarians/tools-services/implement/discovery">Discovery at Springer Nature</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17622844" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-3 item-3-5"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/tools-services/implement/marc-records" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - MARC Records - /cn/librarians/tools-services/implement/marc-records">MARC Records</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17622848" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-4 item-4-5"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/tools-services/implement/librarian-portal" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Librarian Portal - /cn/librarians/tools-services/implement/librarian-portal">Librarian Portal</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17834630" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-5 item-5-5 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/tools-services/implement/remote-access" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Remote Access - /cn/librarians/tools-services/implement/remote-access">Remote Access</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="" data-mh="17622766"><div id="c17622784" class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--style-one-title collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-2 item-2-4"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17622782" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-3"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/tools-services/promote" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Promote - /cn/librarians/tools-services/promote">Promote</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17645608" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-3"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/tools-services/promote#c17624616" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Content Promotion - https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/tools-services/promote#c17624616">Content Promotion</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17645614" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-3 item-3-3 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/tools-services/promote#c17645538" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Library Promotion - https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/tools-services/promote#c17645538">Library Promotion</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="" data-mh="17622766"><div id="c17622788" class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--style-one-title collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-3 item-3-4"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17622786" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-5"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/tools-services/learn" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Learn - /cn/librarians/tools-services/learn">Learn</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17622864" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-5"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/tools-services/learn/tutorials-training-sessions" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Tutorials &amp; User Guides - /cn/librarians/tools-services/learn/tutorials-training-sessions">Tutorials &amp; User Guides</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17622862" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-3 item-3-5"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/tools-services/learn/webinars-podcasts" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Webinars &amp; Podcasts - /cn/librarians/tools-services/learn/webinars-podcasts">Webinars &amp; Podcasts</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17622858" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-4 item-4-5"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/tools-services/learn/white-papers" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - White papers - /cn/librarians/tools-services/learn/white-papers">White papers</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17622860" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-5 item-5-5 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/tools-services/learn/support-your-users" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Support your users - /cn/librarians/tools-services/learn/support-your-users">Support your users</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="" data-mh="17622766"><div id="c17622792" class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--style-one-title collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-4 item-4-4 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17622790" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/tools-services/evaluate" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Evaluate - /cn/librarians/tools-services/evaluate">Evaluate</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17622870" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/tools-services/evaluate/account-development" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Account Development - /cn/librarians/tools-services/evaluate/account-development">Account Development</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17622872" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-3 item-3-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/tools-services/evaluate/usage-reporting" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Usage reporting - /cn/librarians/tools-services/evaluate/usage-reporting">Usage reporting</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17645530" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-4 item-4-4 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/tools-services" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Tools &amp; Services overview - /cn/librarians/tools-services">Tools &amp; Services overview</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header--listwrap column" id="mainnav-tools-services"><div id="c17869566" class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--style-default collection collection-navigation-header-level-2 item-5 item-5-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="#/cn/librarians/the-link" class="link flap--mobile " data-section-link="/cn/librarians/the-link" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav">Blog</a> <div> <ul class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-3"><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="" data-mh="17869566"><div id="c17869568" class="collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-1 item-1-3"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c27691146" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-5"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/the-link/dei" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - DEI - /cn/librarians/the-link/dei">DEI</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c27691148" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-5"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/the-link/ebooks" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - eBooks - /cn/librarians/the-link/ebooks">eBooks</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c27691150" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-3 item-3-5"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/the-link/journals" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Journals - /cn/librarians/the-link/journals">Journals</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c27691152" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-4 item-4-5"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/the-link/open-science" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Open Science - /cn/librarians/the-link/open-science">Open Science</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c27691154" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-5 item-5-5 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/the-link/rd" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - R&amp;D - /cn/librarians/the-link/rd">R&amp;D</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="" data-mh="17869566"><div id="c17957348" class="collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-2 item-2-3"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c27691156" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-5"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/the-link/research-management" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Research Management - /cn/librarians/the-link/research-management">Research Management</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c27691158" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-5"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/the-link/researcher-support" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Researcher Support - /cn/librarians/the-link/researcher-support">Researcher Support</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c27691160" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-3 item-3-5"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/the-link/sdgs" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - SDGs - /cn/librarians/the-link/sdgs">SDGs</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c27691162" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-4 item-4-5"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/the-link/technology" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Technology - /cn/librarians/the-link/technology">Technology</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c27691164" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-5 item-5-5 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/the-link/tools-services" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Tools &amp; Services - /cn/librarians/the-link/tools-services">Tools &amp; Services</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="" data-mh="17869566"><div id="c17922832" class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--style-one-title collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-3 item-3-3 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17922834" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-2"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/the-link/all-blogposts" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - All posts - /cn/librarians/the-link/all-blogposts">All posts</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c17837986" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-2 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/the-link" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Overview Page - /cn/librarians/the-link">Overview Page</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header--listwrap column" id=""><div id="c12218990" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-6 item-6-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/contact-us" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Contact - /cn/librarians/contact-us">Contact</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header--listwrap column" id=""><div id="c15089880" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-7 item-7-7 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/alerts" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Stay informed - /cn/librarians/alerts">Stay informed</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div></div><div id="c-row-2" class="collection collection-page-grid-row item-2 item-2-3"><div> <div class="core"><div id="cmain" class="has-no-image collection collection-page-grid-placement item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <div style="data-background-image:url(&quot;https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/12333146/data/v2&quot;);background-color:#000000;" id="c10904912" class="has-background-image has-background-color has-icon teaser teaser-stage-3 item-1 item-1-8 odd-item section even-item-custom"><div> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column"><div class="core"> <div class="row"> <div class="column small-8 medium-9 large-8"> <div data-mh="10904912" class="text-group"> <div class=" link-button"><a href="/cn/librarians/products/journals" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-stage-3 - Journals - /cn/librarians/products/journals">Journals</a></div> <div> <h1 class="headline stage-headline-style-default">Springer Journals</h1> </div> </div> </div><div class="column small-4 medium-2 medium-offset-1 large-offset-2"> <div class="icon" data-mh="10904912"><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 120 80"><title>_</title><path d="M8.826,32.789,6.856,33.84l-.131-1.62L8.783,32ZM3.791,37.649a3.38,3.38,0,0,1-.35,1.882l-.919-.35A2.9,2.9,0,0,0,3,37.606ZM22.05,47.326c2.539-10.465-.438-18.785-8.538-19.748a10.7,10.7,0,0,1,.044,1.139c0,.525-.044.963-.044.963l-1.27-.219c.044-.438.131-3.414-.92-4.071a16.556,16.556,0,0,1-.35,3.152L9.79,28.323a1.769,1.769,0,0,0-1.138-1.839l.307,2.146-.745,1.094.35,1.007-2.321.788L5.586,33.4l-4.072,5.6,1.533,1.839L4.755,39.4l.394.262v2.146h.919a8.6,8.6,0,0,1,2.846-4.2l-.657-.788.963-.833.919,1.14,3.284-.045a9.062,9.062,0,0,0,.788-3.809h1.27c0,4.992-2.5,6.961-5.6,10.027A6.5,6.5,0,0,0,7.6,47.326ZM25.2,48.551H4.535V47.282H6.287c.307-4.116,4.247-5.649,6.436-8.976h-2.54c-1.226.438-3.065,3.152-3.065,4.728h-3.2l.044-1.314L2.915,42.6l-2.8-3.24a.675.675,0,0,1-.131-.307.537.537,0,0,1,.044-.219l4.423-6,.787-2.365,1.183-.438,1.226-1.707-.438-2.978a2.8,2.8,0,0,1,2.89.524,15.238,15.238,0,0,0-.043-1.838,2.651,2.651,0,0,1,3.2,2.19,14.945,14.945,0,0,1,1.576.219.71.71,0,0,1,.657-.482.645.645,0,0,1,.656.657v.175a12.713,12.713,0,0,1,2.584,1.226.625.625,0,0,1,.525-.264.645.645,0,0,1,.657.657.54.54,0,0,1-.131.4A11.246,11.246,0,0,1,21.7,30.949a.812.812,0,0,1,.307-.088.683.683,0,0,1,.7.657.587.587,0,0,1-.35.569,12.349,12.349,0,0,1,1.051,2.584.263.263,0,0,1,.175-.044.644.644,0,0,1,.656.657.632.632,0,0,1-.48.657c.174.92.307,1.839.394,2.8a.682.682,0,0,1,.7.657.713.713,0,0,1-.656.7c0,.92-.044,1.927-.131,2.89a.709.709,0,0,1,.613.7.683.683,0,0,1-.7.657h-.045c-.174.964-.349,1.926-.568,2.934H25.2v1.269"/><path d="M4.536,55.032H25.2v-2.54H4.536Z"/><path d="M118.424,40.233a1.494,1.494,0,0,0-1.051-.438c-.569,0-1.314.657-1.794,2.014v4.072c0,1.488.174,1.62,2.057,1.751v.875h-6v-.875c1.533-.131,1.664-.263,1.664-1.751V40.934c0-1.489-.088-1.489-1.489-1.752v-.744a21.459,21.459,0,0,0,3.766-.963V40.1h.043c.744-1.445,1.839-2.582,2.89-2.582A1.454,1.454,0,0,1,120,38.875C120,39.883,118.905,40.758,118.424,40.233Zm-12.61-1.62c-1.006,0-2.058,1.095-2.32,2.978l3.765-.088c.482,0,.569-.131.569-.569A2.2,2.2,0,0,0,105.813,38.613Zm3.722,3.81c-.394.044-3.416.263-6.173.35.086,2.889,1.794,4.115,3.5,4.115A3.233,3.233,0,0,0,109.4,45.75l.569.788a5.463,5.463,0,0,1-3.941,2.233c-3.108,0-4.9-2.364-4.9-5.166,0-3.416,2.584-6.086,5.166-6.086a3.924,3.924,0,0,1,3.854,3.9C110.148,42.072,110.017,42.335,109.535,42.422ZM94.08,38.569c-.92,0-1.971.963-1.971,2.8s.963,3.153,2.277,3.153c.962,0,1.883-.832,1.883-2.846C96.269,39.97,95.436,38.569,94.08,38.569Zm2.8,11.253a8.888,8.888,0,0,0-2.8-.263,2.537,2.537,0,0,0-2.715,2.452c0,1.489,1.314,2.627,3.284,2.627,2.188,0,3.414-1.445,3.414-2.89A2.046,2.046,0,0,0,96.881,49.822Zm3.459-11.735a3.557,3.557,0,0,1-1.051,1.357l-1.27-.131a4.287,4.287,0,0,1,.613,2.19c0,2.671-2.408,4.116-4.6,4.116-.131,0-.482-.044-.788-.044a1.516,1.516,0,0,0-.963,1.182c0,.394.394.876,1.445.876h2.626c1.533,0,3.591.744,3.591,3.2,0,2.8-2.934,5.166-6.348,5.166-2.978,0-4.554-1.838-4.554-3.327,0-.963.482-1.708,2.54-3.284-.744-.263-2.058-1.007-1.971-2.408a6.915,6.915,0,0,0,2.321-1.708A3.66,3.66,0,0,1,89.657,41.9,4.515,4.515,0,0,1,94.3,37.519a5.422,5.422,0,0,1,2.539.613c1.139-.045,2.277-.176,3.328-.307ZM87.863,48.508H82.7v-.875c1.226-.131,1.4-.263,1.4-1.664V41.678c0-1.576-.7-2.54-2.014-2.54a4.112,4.112,0,0,0-2.452,1.226v5.6c0,1.4.131,1.533,1.357,1.664v.875H75.645v-.875c1.489-.131,1.708-.263,1.708-1.664V40.934c0-1.489-.086-1.576-1.4-1.752v-.744a22.533,22.533,0,0,0,3.678-.963v1.752c.569-.482,2.233-1.707,3.5-1.707a3.082,3.082,0,0,1,3.2,3.371v5.079c0,1.4.219,1.533,1.534,1.664v.875ZM71.574,35.154a1.511,1.511,0,0,1,0-3.022,1.511,1.511,0,1,1,0,3.022Zm2.89,13.354H68.859v-.875c1.489-.131,1.708-.263,1.708-1.839V41.065c0-1.708-.131-1.708-1.576-1.883v-.744a26.829,26.829,0,0,0,3.81-.963v8.32c0,1.576.131,1.708,1.664,1.839v.875ZM66.1,40.233a1.178,1.178,0,0,0-1.05-.438c-.569,0-1.27.657-1.752,2.014v4.072c0,1.488.175,1.62,2.057,1.751v.875H59.4v-.875c1.489-.131,1.664-.263,1.664-1.751V40.934c0-1.489-.131-1.489-1.489-1.752v-.744a23.11,23.11,0,0,0,3.722-.963V40.1h.044c.788-1.445,1.883-2.582,2.889-2.582a1.425,1.425,0,0,1,1.489,1.356C67.72,39.883,66.671,40.758,66.1,40.233ZM52.44,39.138a4.958,4.958,0,0,0-2.19.832v6.48a3.014,3.014,0,0,0,2.233.919c1.27,0,2.934-.963,2.934-4.247,0-2.759-1.314-3.985-2.978-3.985Zm-.569,9.589a5.9,5.9,0,0,1-1.62-.306v4.116c0,1.489.175,1.62,2.19,1.8v.831H46.267v-.831c1.576-.175,1.707-.307,1.707-1.8V40.846c0-1.533-.044-1.576-1.531-1.708v-.744A28.91,28.91,0,0,0,50.251,37.3v1.664l2.365-1.226a1.777,1.777,0,0,1,.92-.218,4.388,4.388,0,0,1,4.246,4.641A6.479,6.479,0,0,1,51.871,48.728ZM39.392,48.9a9.95,9.95,0,0,1-4.246-.963,27.474,27.474,0,0,1-.438-4.247l1.007-.175c.569,2.145,1.357,4.247,3.984,4.247a2.691,2.691,0,0,0,2.934-2.846c0-4.51-7.487-3.5-7.487-8.714,0-2.363,1.927-4.509,5.341-4.509a10.97,10.97,0,0,1,3.591.744c.088.92.175,1.971.219,3.81l-.92.044c-.438-1.533-1.139-3.416-3.372-3.416a2.342,2.342,0,0,0-2.5,2.495c0,4.16,7.62,3.284,7.62,8.714,0,2.584-2.321,4.817-5.737,4.817"/></svg></div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div></div><div id="c23996108" class="has-no-image collection collection-general-grid item-2 item-2-8 even-item section odd-item-custom"><div> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column"><div data-setting-grid-columns-small="100" data-setting-grid-columns-medium="auto,33" class="core"> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column medium-8" id="-"><div id="c16776426" class="article article-default item-1 item-1-2"><div> <div class="core"> <div class=""> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p class="intro--paragraph">Spearhead of quality, cross discipline content since 1842</p><p>Accumulating over 2,900 journals, spanning all subject areas, Springer continues to be the leading research source that is read, referenced and written by experts in the field. Springer is committed to advancing the conversation among researchers and professionals around the world and is also home to the largest portfolio of open access titles from BioMed Central and SpringerOpen.</p><p><br /></p></div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column medium-4" id="-"><div id="c16776428" class="has-no-image collection collection-default item-2 item-2-2 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <div class="row row-block-grid small-up-1"><div class="column" id="this-collection-includes-more-than-"><div id="c16776434" class="has-no-image collection collection-default item-1 item-1-2"><div> <div class="core"> <div class="row row-block-grid small-up-1"><div class="column" id=""><div id="c16773696" class="linked has-no-copy-text teaser teaser-icon item-1 item-1-1 last-item end" data-mh="16776434"><div> <a href="/cn/librarians/contact-us" title="Contact your local Licensing Manager for more information" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-icon - Contact your local Licensing Manager for more information - /cn/librarians/contact-us" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" class="teaser-icon-link core"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-visual"> <div class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><title>_</title><path d="M19.511,25.569a.674.674,0,0,1-.077.754c-.121.134-.249.285-.384.444-.909,1.071-2.269,2.672-4.3,2.673a5.009,5.009,0,0,1-2.452-.714c-2.505-1.4-6.573-5.472-8.774-9.611l-.469-.882C.868,14.128-.327,9.5.078,6.71.6,3.066,2.809,2.67,4.267,2.408c.206-.037.405-.073.592-.116a.732.732,0,0,1,.762.375c.665.9,2.479,6.025,1.9,7.032a5.825,5.825,0,0,1-.838.938,6.874,6.874,0,0,0-1.338,1.6c-.048,1.631,4.315,8.623,5.7,9.131a5.875,5.875,0,0,0,1.7-.453,4.256,4.256,0,0,1,1.476-.386C15.314,20.6,19.064,24.466,19.511,25.569ZM32,3.8V14.433a1.711,1.711,0,0,1-1.729,1.8H13.65a1.721,1.721,0,0,1-1.731-1.8V3.8A1.713,1.713,0,0,1,13.65,2H30.271A1.721,1.721,0,0,1,32,3.8Zm-1.935.614a1,1,0,0,0-1.414-.049l-6.529,6.087c-.08.076-.156.145-.331,0L15.265,4.42a1,1,0,0,0-1.357,1.469l6.527,6.033A2.38,2.38,0,0,0,22,12.535a2.148,2.148,0,0,0,1.49-.619l6.529-6.087A1,1,0,0,0,30.065,4.415Z"/></svg> </div> </div> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-content"> <div> <span class="link teaser_icon_title">Contact your local Licensing Manager for more information</span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div></div></div></div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="New content item"><div id="c16776432" class="has-no-image collection collection-default item-2 item-2-2 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <div class="row row-block-grid small-up-1"><div class="column" id="download-the-springerlink-brochure"><div id="c16776454" class="linked teaser teaser-download item-1 item-1-1 last-item end" data-mh="16776432"><div> <div class="core"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-visual"> <div class="image"><span><img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8,&lt;%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F&gt;&lt;svg width='1024px' height='768px' viewBox='0 0 1024 768' version='1.1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'&gt;&lt;!-- Generator: Sketch 53.2 (72643) - https://sketchapp.com --&gt;&lt;title&gt;Loading IMG&lt;/title&gt;&lt;desc&gt;Created with Sketch.&lt;/desc&gt;&lt;g id='Loading-IMG' stroke='none' stroke-width='1' fill='none' fill-rule='evenodd'&gt;&lt;rect fill='%23EBF1F5' x='0' y='0' width='1024' height='768'&gt;&lt;/rect&gt;&lt;rect id='Rectangle' fill='%23DFEDF2' x='0' y='0' width='1024' height='770'&gt;&lt;/rect&gt;&lt;path d='M546.960938,374.039062 C543.510399,374.039062 540.2715,373.388027 537.244141,372.085938 C534.216782,370.783848 531.580089,368.993501 529.333984,366.714844 C527.087879,364.436187 525.297533,361.783218 523.962891,358.755859 C522.628249,355.7285 521.960938,352.489601 521.960938,349.039062 C521.960938,345.588524 522.628249,342.349625 523.962891,339.322266 C525.297533,336.294907 527.087879,333.641938 529.333984,331.363281 C531.580089,329.084624 534.216782,327.294277 537.244141,325.992188 C540.2715,324.690098 543.510399,324.039062 546.960938,324.039062 C550.411476,324.039062 553.666651,324.690098 556.726562,325.992188 C559.786474,327.294277 562.439442,329.084624 564.685547,331.363281 C566.931652,333.641938 568.705723,336.294907 570.007812,339.322266 C571.309902,342.349625 571.960938,345.588524 571.960938,349.039062 C571.960938,352.489601 571.309902,355.7285 570.007812,358.755859 C568.705723,361.783218 566.931652,364.436187 564.685547,366.714844 C562.439442,368.993501 559.786474,370.783848 556.726562,372.085938 C553.666651,373.388027 550.411476,374.039062 546.960938,374.039062 Z M546.960938,334 C542.859354,334 539.343765,335.464829 536.414062,338.394531 C533.48436,341.324233 532.019531,344.872375 532.019531,349.039062 C532.019531,353.20575 533.48436,356.753892 536.414062,359.683594 C539.343765,362.613296 542.859354,364.078125 546.960938,364.078125 C551.127625,364.078125 554.675767,362.613296 557.605469,359.683594 C560.535171,356.753892 562,353.20575 562,349.039062 C562,344.872375 560.535171,341.324233 557.605469,338.394531 C554.675767,335.464829 551.127625,334 546.960938,334 Z M596.960938,284 C601.127625,284 604.675767,285.464829 607.605469,288.394531 C610.535171,291.324233 612,294.872375 612,299.039062 L612,469.058594 C612,473.160177 610.535171,476.675767 607.605469,479.605469 C604.675767,482.535171 601.127625,484 596.960938,484 L427.039062,484 C422.872375,484 419.324233,482.535171 416.394531,479.605469 C413.464829,476.675767 412,473.160177 412,469.058594 L412,299.039062 C412,294.872375 413.464829,291.324233 416.394531,288.394531 C419.324233,285.464829 422.872375,284 427.039062,284 L596.960938,284 Z M421.960938,469.058594 C421.960938,470.425788 422.449214,471.597651 423.425781,472.574219 C424.402349,473.550786 425.606764,474.039062 427.039062,474.039062 L565.320312,474.039062 L470.300781,374.722656 C469.84505,374.266925 469.340498,373.925131 468.787109,373.697266 C468.233721,373.4694 467.664065,373.355469 467.078125,373.355469 C466.492185,373.355469 465.938805,373.485676 465.417969,373.746094 C464.897133,374.006512 464.408856,374.364581 463.953125,374.820312 L421.960938,421.011719 L421.960938,469.058594 Z M602.039062,469.058594 L602.039062,299.039062 C602.039062,297.671868 601.550786,296.500005 600.574219,295.523438 C599.597651,294.54687 598.393236,294.058594 596.960938,294.058594 L427.039062,294.058594 C425.606764,294.058594 424.402349,294.54687 423.425781,295.523438 C422.449214,296.500005 421.960938,297.671868 421.960938,299.039062 L421.960938,406.070312 L456.53125,368.082031 C457.898444,366.584628 459.477205,365.429041 461.267578,364.615234 C463.057952,363.801428 464.962229,363.361979 466.980469,363.296875 C468.998708,363.296875 470.902986,363.687496 472.693359,364.46875 C474.483733,365.250004 476.095045,366.356764 477.527344,367.789062 L579.089844,474.039062 L596.960938,474.039062 C598.393236,474.039062 599.597651,473.550786 600.574219,472.574219 C601.550786,471.597651 602.039062,470.425788 602.039062,469.058594 Z' id='%EE%9C%8E' fill='%238FAEC1' fill-rule='nonzero' opacity='0.5'&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;" alt="Download the Springer Journals brochure" data-src="https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/19055440/data/v2" style="max-height: 526px" /></span></div> </div> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-content"> <div> <a href="https://resource-cms.springernature.com/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/16776454/data/v6" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="PDF - /cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-download - Download the Springer Journals brochure - https://resource-cms.springernature.com/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/16776454/data/v6" download="Download the Springer Journals brochure">Download the Springer Journals brochure</a> <div> (PDF, 746.62 KB) </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div> </div> </div></div></div></div> </div> </div></div></div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div><div id="c16776266" class="has-no-image collection collection-general-grid item-3 item-3-8 odd-item section even-item-custom"><div> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column"><div class="core"> <div class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-3"><div class="column" id="help-your-users-make-their-own-discoveries"><div id="c16776270" class="article article-default item-1 item-1-3"><div> <div class="core"> <div class=""> <h2 class="headline headline-h2">Content that leads the conversation</h2> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><img alt="People and Partners © David Copeman" title="People and Partners © David Copeman" src="//media.springernature.com/full/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/15526632/data/v2" /></p><p>A growing collection of leading multi-discipline research. Springer journals collected many ground-breaking articles, written by international experts in the field and influential researchers across all subject areas, including many Nobel Prize winners.<br /><br /></p></div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="help-your-users-make-their-own-discoveries"><div id="c16776342" class="article article-default item-2 item-2-3"><div> <div class="core"> <div class=""> <h2 class="headline headline-h2">175+ years of leading scientific research</h2> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><img alt="New Content Item" title="New Content Item" src="//media.springernature.com/full/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/16776608/data/v1" /></p><p>Driving academic publishing and advancing discovery with comprehensive and rigorously peer reviewed content. Springer journals are readily available with enhanced discoverability via Springer Nature Link, providing quick and easy access to millions of articles.</p></div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="help-your-users-make-their-own-discoveries"><div id="c16776344" class="article article-default item-3 item-3-3 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <div class=""> <h2 class="headline headline-h2">Sharing the knowledge &amp; innovation</h2> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><img alt="© Shutterstock / Jacob Lund" title="© Shutterstock / Jacob Lund" src="//media.springernature.com/full/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/16556230/data/v4" /><br /></p><p>Working with and on behalf of the research community to support the advance of discovery in their areas, we partner with over 750 societies to collaborate on more than 25% of Springer journals. Investing in new formats, tools and platforms, providing the most comprehensive variety of research to today’s generation.</p></div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div><div id="c16776164" class="has-no-image collection collection-general-grid item-4 item-4-8 even-item section odd-item-custom"><div> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column"><div data-setting-grid-columns-large="16" data-setting-grid-constraints-max-columns="6" data-setting-grid-columns-small="100" data-setting-grid-columns-medium="33" class="core"> <h2 class="headline headline-h2">Hand-picked journal highlights from the Editors</h2> <div class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-3 large-up-6"><div class="column" id=""><div id="c16776178" class="teaser teaser-cover item-1 item-1-6" data-mh="16776164"><div> <a href="https://link.springer.com/journal/401" title="Acta Neuropathologica" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-cover - Acta Neuropathologica - https://link.springer.com/journal/401" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" class="teaser-cover__link core"> <div class="image"><span><img src="https://covers.springernature.com/journals/jpg_width_153_pixels/00401.jpg" alt="00401" /></span></div> <span class="teaser-cover__link-arrow"></span> </a> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c16776188" class="teaser teaser-cover item-2 item-2-6" data-mh="16776164"><div> <a href="https://link.springer.com/journal/134" title="Intensive Care Medicine " data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-cover - Intensive Care Medicine - https://link.springer.com/journal/134" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" class="teaser-cover__link core"> <div class="image"><span><img src="https://covers.springernature.com/journals/jpg_width_153_pixels/00134.jpg" alt="00134" /></span></div> <span class="teaser-cover__link-arrow"></span> </a> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c16776186" class="teaser teaser-cover item-3 item-3-6" data-mh="16776164"><div> <a href="https://link.springer.com/journal/10853" title="Journal of Materials Science" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-cover - Journal of Materials Science - https://link.springer.com/journal/10853" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" class="teaser-cover__link core"> <div class="image"><span><img src="https://covers.springernature.com/journals/jpg_width_153_pixels/10853.jpg" alt="10853" /></span></div> <span class="teaser-cover__link-arrow"></span> </a> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c16776184" class="teaser teaser-cover item-4 item-4-6" data-mh="16776164"><div> <a href="https://link.springer.com/journal/11205" title="Social Indicators Research" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-cover - Social Indicators Research - https://link.springer.com/journal/11205" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" class="teaser-cover__link core"> <div class="image"><span><img src="https://covers.springernature.com/journals/jpg_width_153_pixels/11205.jpg" alt="11205" /></span></div> <span class="teaser-cover__link-arrow"></span> </a> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c16776182" class="teaser teaser-cover item-5 item-5-6" data-mh="16776164"><div> <a href="https://link.springer.com/journal/12274" title="Nano Research" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-cover - Nano Research - https://link.springer.com/journal/12274" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" class="teaser-cover__link core"> <div class="image"><span><img src="https://covers.springernature.com/journals/jpg_width_153_pixels/12274.jpg" alt="12274" /></span></div> <span class="teaser-cover__link-arrow"></span> </a> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c16776180" class="teaser teaser-cover item-6 item-6-6 last-item end" data-mh="16776164"><div> <a href="https://link.springer.com/journal/222" title="Inventiones mathematicae" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-cover - Inventiones mathematicae - https://link.springer.com/journal/222" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" class="teaser-cover__link core"> <div class="image"><span><img src="https://covers.springernature.com/journals/jpg_width_153_pixels/222.jpg" alt="222" /></span></div> <span class="teaser-cover__link-arrow"></span> </a> </div></div></div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div><div id="c16776528" class="has-no-image collection collection-general-grid item-5 item-5-8 odd-item section even-item-custom"><div> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column"><div class="core"> <h2 class="headline headline-h2">To share with your users</h2> <div class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-3"><div class="column" id="journal-suggester"><div id="c16776550" class="article article-default item-1 item-1-3"><div> <div class="core"> <div class=""> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><strong><img alt="New Content Item" class="float--right" title="New Content Item" src="//media.springernature.com/full/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/16776556/data/v3" />Journal suggester</strong>&nbsp;-&nbsp;Help your users find a good home for their research with the <a href="https://journalsuggester.springer.com/" target="_self" class="is-external" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="richtext-link - journal suggester - https://journalsuggester.springer.com/">journal suggester</a>. Simply by entering the article's title, keywords, and abstract, and our advanced algorithm will do the rest.</p></div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="-"><div id="c16776544" class="article article-default item-2 item-2-3"><div> <div class="core"> <div class=""> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p><img alt="New Content Item" class="float--right" title="New Content Item" src="//media.springernature.com/full/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/16776546/data/v3" />​​​​​​​<strong>SharedIt</strong> - Springer Nature wants researchers to share content easily and legally. With <a href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/sharedit" target="_self" class="is-external" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="richtext-link - SharedIt - https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/sharedit">SharedIt</a>, users can share&nbsp;links to view-only, full-text subscription research articles can be posted anywhere.</p></div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c16776592" class="teaser teaser-default item-3 item-3-3 last-item end" data-mh="16776528"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://link.springer.com/" title="Go to link.springer.com" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-default - Spanning all subjects - https://link.springer.com/" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" class="teaser-default__link"> <div class="text-group"> <h3 class="headline">Spanning all subjects</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p>Springer covers all areas of research: Science, Technology, Medicine, Humanities and Social Sciences.<br /></p></div> <span class="teaser-default__arrow-icon teaser-default__arrow-icon--external-link"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div></div></div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div><div id="c16776096" class="has-no-image collection collection-general-grid item-6 item-6-8 even-item section odd-item-custom"><div> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column"><div class="core"> <h2 class="headline headline-h2">Video highlights</h2> <div class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-3"><div class="column" id="-"><div id="c16776104" class="video video-teaser item-1 item-1-3"><div> <div class="core"> <div id="vZOUyLXjzYgA" style="padding-bottom:56.25%;" class="video--youtube"> <iframe title="youtube video" aria-label="youtube" width="100%" height="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZOUyLXjzYgA?rel=0&amp;showinfo=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> </div> <div class="text-group"> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p>The Springer Story - What authors, librarians and colleagues have to say<br /></p></div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="-"><div id="c16776108" class="video video-teaser item-2 item-2-3"><div> <div class="core"> <div id="v4If_bbX4ctw" style="padding-bottom:56.25%;" class="video--youtube"> <iframe title="youtube video" aria-label="youtube" width="100%" height="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4If_bbX4ctw?rel=0&amp;showinfo=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> </div> <div class="text-group"> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p>The Springer Story. Cameron Tropea, Editor-in-Chief, Series and Handbook Editor<br /></p></div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id="-"><div id="c16776110" class="video video-teaser item-3 item-3-3 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <div id="v9EeTp0ZwxJw" style="padding-bottom:56.25%;" class="video--youtube"> <iframe title="youtube video" aria-label="youtube" width="100%" height="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9EeTp0ZwxJw?rel=0&amp;showinfo=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> </div> <div class="text-group"> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p>The Springer Online Journals Advantage<br /></p></div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div><div id="c16776058" class="has-no-image collection collection-general-grid item-7 item-7-8 odd-item section even-item-custom"><div> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column"><div class="core"> <h2 class="headline headline-h2">Additional information</h2> <div class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-4"><div class="column" id=""><div id="c16776074" class="has-no-background-image has-no-background-color has-icon has-no-icon-fullsize has-no-copy-text teaser teaser-box item-1 item-1-4"><div> <a href="https://link.springer.com/" title="Go to link.springer.com" style="" data-mh="16776058" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-box - Browse all journals on link.springer.com - https://link.springer.com/" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" class="teaser-box__link js-match-height core"> <div class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100"><title>_</title><path d="M34.632,100a2.094,2.094,0,0,1-1.26-.421,2.146,2.146,0,0,1-.857-1.717V85.686h-16.4A2.129,2.129,0,0,1,14,83.547V2.139A2.129,2.129,0,0,1,16.117,0H83.885a2.117,2.117,0,0,1,1.5.627A2.148,2.148,0,0,1,86,2.139l-.021,80.605a2.134,2.134,0,0,1-1.5,2.043l-49.23,15.12A2.13,2.13,0,0,1,34.632,100Zm2.117-76.411V94.977l45-13.819.022-73.715ZM18.235,81.408h14.28V22.08a2.138,2.138,0,0,1,1.408-2.014L77.948,4.277H18.235Z"/></svg> </div> <div class="text-group"> <h3 class="headline">Browse all journals on link.springer.com</h3> </div> <span class="teaser-box__arrow-icon teaser-box__arrow-icon--external-link"></span> </a> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c16774106" class="has-no-background-image has-no-background-color has-icon has-no-icon-fullsize has-no-copy-text teaser teaser-box item-2 item-2-4"><div> <a href="/cn/librarians/tools-services" title="Tools &amp; Services" style="" data-mh="16776058" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-box - Make the most of your online content - /cn/librarians/tools-services" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" class="teaser-box__link js-match-height core"> <div class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100"><title>_</title><path d="M0,87V2A2,2,0,0,1,4,2V87a2,2,0,0,1-4,0Zm34-7a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V33.212a2,2,0,0,0-4,0V78A2,2,0,0,0,34,80Zm16-5a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V26.225a2,2,0,0,0-4,0V73A2,2,0,0,0,50,75Zm16-5a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V13.048a2,2,0,1,0-4,0V68A2,2,0,0,0,66,70ZM18,84.041a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V59.152a2,2,0,0,0-4,0V82.041A2,2,0,0,0,18,84.041ZM99.993,69.926c0-.061-.021-.123-.031-.184a2.018,2.018,0,0,0-.039-.212l0-.017c-.012-.041-.033-.077-.047-.116a1.991,1.991,0,0,0-.1-.237c-.022-.043-.051-.082-.076-.123a1.987,1.987,0,0,0-.137-.208c-.026-.032-.055-.059-.082-.089a1.976,1.976,0,0,0-.192-.194c-.022-.019-.047-.034-.071-.052a1.981,1.981,0,0,0-.25-.171c-.013-.007-.027-.012-.04-.019l-9.445-7.545a2,2,0,1,0-2.5,3.125l6.706,5.358L1.441,96.08A2,2,0,1,0,2.559,99.92l92.3-26.851L92,81.4a2,2,0,1,0,3.783,1.3l4.1-11.973a1.985,1.985,0,0,0,.105-.769C99.992,69.943,99.994,69.935,99.993,69.926Z"/></svg> </div> <div class="text-group"> <h3 class="headline">Make the most of your online content</h3> </div> <span class="teaser-box__arrow-icon"></span> </a> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c16774108" class="has-no-background-image has-no-background-color has-icon has-no-icon-fullsize has-no-copy-text teaser teaser-box item-3 item-3-4"><div> <a href="/cn/librarians/contact-us" title="Contact us" style="" data-mh="16776058" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-box - Contact us! We’re happy to help - /cn/librarians/contact-us" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" class="teaser-box__link js-match-height core"> <div class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100"><title>_</title><path d="M46.476,94.073a16.1,16.1,0,0,1-7.927-2.205C30.684,87.477,17.924,74.709,11.024,61.74L9.562,58.985C2.717,46.112-1.027,31.573.247,22.805c1.7-11.7,10.475-13.294,15.719-14.248.685-.124,1.322-.24,1.889-.37a2.681,2.681,0,0,1,2.83,1.336c2.153,2.916,7.871,19.055,5.942,22.4a22.892,22.892,0,0,1-1.94,2.54c-1.033,1.253-3.45,4.183-3.593,5.162-.131,4.82,13.4,26.524,17.468,28.019.625.106,2.885-.843,4.1-1.35,2.042-.852,3.358-1.365,4.5-1.29.627.044,2.537.178,9.278,6.809,1.075,1.058,6.5,6.472,7.591,9.184a2.536,2.536,0,0,1-.327,2.811l-.238.266C60.488,87.378,54.471,94.073,46.476,94.073ZM17.753,12.3c-.342.066-.7.131-1.071.2C11.7,13.4,5.492,14.531,4.207,23.381c-.966,6.65,1.408,19.657,8.89,33.727l1.462,2.753C21.486,72.882,34.075,84.786,40.5,88.374c8.773,4.9,15.633-2.16,19.521-6.463C58.133,78.791,49.091,69.867,46.814,69a21.7,21.7,0,0,0-2.613.982c-2.612,1.091-5.081,2.121-7.015,1.414C30.991,69.128,16.9,45.411,17.094,39.48h0c.065-2.031,1.909-4.416,4.505-7.564.574-.7,1.216-1.474,1.482-1.87C23.427,27.651,19.678,15.367,17.753,12.3ZM93.732,52H44.163c-4.6,0-6.267-3.893-6.267-6.51l0-30.979A6.2,6.2,0,0,1,44.16,8H93.733c4.6,0,6.267,3.9,6.267,6.513V45.49A6.2,6.2,0,0,1,93.732,52ZM42.066,13.392a3.352,3.352,0,0,0-.172,1.121l0,30.977A2.262,2.262,0,0,0,44.163,48H93.732A2.2,2.2,0,0,0,96,45.49V14.513a3.469,3.469,0,0,0-.255-1.271,2.011,2.011,0,0,1-.229.256L70.146,37.367a2,2,0,0,1-2.747,0ZM46.422,12,68.778,33.158,91.261,12Z"/></svg> </div> <div class="text-group"> <h3 class="headline">Contact us! We’re happy to help</h3> </div> <span class="teaser-box__arrow-icon"></span> </a> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c16776068" class="has-no-background-image has-no-background-color has-icon has-no-icon-fullsize has-no-copy-text teaser teaser-box item-4 item-4-4 last-item end"><div> <a href="/cn/librarians/products/journals/journal-archives/springerjournalarchives" title="Springer journals archives" style="" data-mh="16776058" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-box - Discover the heritage of scientific research - /cn/librarians/products/journals/journal-archives/springerjournalarchives" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" class="teaser-box__link js-match-height core"> <div class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100"><title>_</title><path d="M8,29.989v-5.1C8,19.833,12.281,18,15.158,18H84.842A6.811,6.811,0,0,1,92,24.884v5.1a2,2,0,0,1-4,0v-5.1C87.98,24.032,87.634,22,84.842,22H15.158c-.729.012-3.158.257-3.158,2.884v5.1a2,2,0,0,1-4,0ZM18,14a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V8.887C20,6.442,21.354,6.028,22.127,6H77.873C79.81,6,79.99,8.22,80,8.887V12a2,2,0,0,0,4,0V8.887C84,6.119,82.368,2,77.873,2H22.127C19.664,2,16,3.834,16,8.887V12A2,2,0,0,0,18,14Zm82,29.7V90.3c0,5.647-4.9,7.7-8.191,7.7H8.191C2.182,98,0,93.4,0,90.3V43.7C0,38.05,4.9,36,8.191,36H91.809C97.818,36,100,40.6,100,43.7Zm-4,0c-.018-.853-.371-3.7-4.191-3.7H8.2c-.712.01-4.2.236-4.2,3.7V90.3c.018.853.371,3.7,4.191,3.7H91.809C92.5,93.991,96,93.771,96,90.3ZM62,62a2,2,0,0,0-2,2v6H40V64a2,2,0,0,0-4,0v7.154c0,.984.769,2.846,3.677,2.846H60.323C62.522,74,64,72.856,64,71.154V64A2,2,0,0,0,62,62Z"/></svg> </div> <div class="text-group"> <h3 class="headline">Discover the heritage of scientific research</h3> </div> <span class="teaser-box__arrow-icon"></span> </a> </div></div></div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div><div id="c12843532" class="has-no-image collection collection-general-grid item-8 item-8-8 last-item end even-item section odd-item-custom"><div> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column"><div class="core"> <h2 class="headline headline-h2">关注我们</h2> <div class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-3"><div class="column" id=""><div id="c12843536" class="teaser-icon--style-highlight linked has-no-copy-text teaser teaser-icon item-1 item-1-3" data-mh="12843532"><div> <a href="/cn/contact" title="关注我们的微信" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-icon - 关注我们的微信 - /cn/contact" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" class="teaser-icon-link core"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-visual"> <div class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28.69,26.15a7.49,7.49,0,0,0,3.31-6c0-4.45-4.41-8.05-9.85-8.05s-9.85,3.6-9.85,8.05,4.41,8.05,9.85,8.05a11.83,11.83,0,0,0,3.32-.47.38.38,0,0,1,.27,0l2.44,1.13a.38.38,0,0,0,.55-.39l-.19-2A.38.38,0,0,1,28.69,26.15Zm-9.92-7.28A1.28,1.28,0,1,1,20,17.59,1.28,1.28,0,0,1,18.77,18.87Zm6.41,0a1.28,1.28,0,1,1,1.28-1.28A1.28,1.28,0,0,1,25.18,18.87Z"/><path d="M22.15,11.31l.82,0C22.17,6.63,17.36,3,11.54,3,5.17,3,0,7.35,0,12.73a9.14,9.14,0,0,0,4,7.33.38.38,0,0,1,.15.38l-.53,2.78a.38.38,0,0,0,.55.41l3.31-1.7a.38.38,0,0,1,.28,0,13.53,13.53,0,0,0,4.17.54h0a7.4,7.4,0,0,1-.37-2.31C11.52,15.27,16.29,11.31,22.15,11.31Zm-7.1-3a1.48,1.48,0,1,1-1.48,1.48A1.48,1.48,0,0,1,15.05,8.36Zm-7.76,3A1.48,1.48,0,1,1,8.77,9.84,1.48,1.48,0,0,1,7.29,11.31Z"/></svg> </div> </div> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-content"> <div> <span class="link teaser_icon_title">关注我们的微信</span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c13294228" class="teaser-icon--style-highlight linked has-no-copy-text teaser teaser-icon item-2 item-2-3" data-mh="12843532"><div> <a href="https://weibo.com/u/2279408463 " title="关注我们的微博" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-icon - 关注我们的微博 - https://weibo.com/u/2279408463 " data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" class="teaser-icon-link core"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-visual"> <div class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M13.44,26c-5.3.53-9.87-1.87-10.22-5.35s3.67-6.72,9-7.25,9.87,1.87,10.21,5.35-3.67,6.72-9,7.25M24,14.48c-.45-.14-.76-.23-.53-.82a3.34,3.34,0,0,0,0-3.19c-1-1.48-3.88-1.4-7.14,0,0,0-1,.45-.76-.36.5-1.61.42-3-.35-3.74-1.77-1.77-6.47.07-10.5,4.1-3,3-4.77,6.22-4.77,9,0,5.29,6.79,8.51,13.42,8.51,8.7,0,14.49-5.06,14.49-9.07,0-2.43-2-3.81-3.88-4.38M29.82,4.8a8.46,8.46,0,0,0-8.06-2.61h0a1.22,1.22,0,0,0,.51,2.39,6,6,0,0,1,7,7.74h0a1.23,1.23,0,0,0,2.33.76h0A8.45,8.45,0,0,0,29.82,4.8M26.59,7.71a4.11,4.11,0,0,0-3.93-1.27A1.05,1.05,0,1,0,23.1,8.5h0a2,2,0,0,1,2.34,2.59h0a1.06,1.06,0,0,0,2,.65,4.12,4.12,0,0,0-.86-4m-12.85,12a.76.76,0,0,1-.91.34.53.53,0,0,1-.23-.79.76.76,0,0,1,.89-.34.53.53,0,0,1,.26.79M12,21.89a2,2,0,0,1-2.44.8,1.41,1.41,0,0,1-.54-2.12,2,2,0,0,1,2.39-.8A1.41,1.41,0,0,1,12,21.89M14,16.11a5.77,5.77,0,0,0-6.46,2.82A3.93,3.93,0,0,0,10,24.53a5.72,5.72,0,0,0,6.83-2.9A4,4,0,0,0,14,16.11"/></svg> </div> </div> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-content"> <div> <span class="link teaser_icon_title">关注我们的微博</span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c12843540" class="teaser-icon--style-highlight linked has-copy-text teaser teaser-icon item-3 item-3-3 last-item end" data-mh="12843532"><div> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/springernature/" title="关注我们的领英" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-icon - 关注我们的领英 - https://www.linkedin.com/company/springernature/" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" class="teaser-icon-link core"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-visual"> <div class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><title>_</title><path d="M3.838,7.508H3.8A3.549,3.549,0,0,1,0,3.94,3.588,3.588,0,0,1,3.881.372,3.551,3.551,0,0,1,7.719,3.94,3.563,3.563,0,0,1,3.838,7.508ZM7.236,31H.351V10.324H7.236ZM32,31H25.135V19.941c0-2.774-1-4.672-3.482-4.672a3.759,3.759,0,0,0-3.525,2.5,5.169,5.169,0,0,0-.231,1.691V31H11.032c.085-18.735,0-20.676,0-20.676H17.9v3h-.043a6.811,6.811,0,0,1,6.238-3.486C28.621,9.844,32,12.806,32,19.15Z"/></svg> </div> </div> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-content"> <div> <span class="link teaser_icon_title">关注我们的领英</span> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p>Connect with us on LinkedIn and stay up to date with news and development.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div></div></div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div> </div> </div></div></div> </div></div><div id="cfooter" class="collection collection-page-grid-row item-3 item-3-3 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"><div id="" class="collection collection-footer item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <div id="c12219010" class="has-no-image collection collection-navigation-footer item-1 item-1-3 odd-item section odd-item-custom"><div> <div data-setting-viewtype="Navigation Footer" class="core"> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column medium-4 large-2" id="products-solutions"><div id="c12219026" class="collection collection-navigation-footer-level-2 item-1 item-1-5"><div> <div class="core"> <strong class="headline flap--mobile">Products</strong> <div> <div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219026"><div id="c12211842" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-1 item-1-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/products/journals" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Journals - /cn/products/journals">Journals</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219026"><div id="c12211834" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-2 item-2-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/products/books" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Books - /cn/products/books">Books</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219026"><div id="c12211846" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-3 item-3-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/products/platforms" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Platforms - /cn/products/platforms">Platforms</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219026"><div id="c12211844" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-4 item-4-4 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/products/database" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Databases - /cn/products/database">Databases</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column medium-4 large-2" id="researchers-partners"><div id="c12219016" class="collection collection-navigation-footer-level-2 item-2 item-2-5"><div> <div class="core"> <strong class="headline flap--mobile">Researchers &amp; Partners</strong> <div> <div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219016"><div id="c12211732" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-1 item-1-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/authors" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Authors - /cn/authors">Authors</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219016"><div id="c12147358" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-2 item-2-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/editors" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Editors - /cn/editors">Editors</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219016"><div id="c12213908" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-3 item-3-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/open-science" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Open science - /cn/open-science">Open science</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219016"><div id="c12147376" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-4 item-4-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/societies" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Societies - /cn/societies">Societies</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219016"><div id="c12147382" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-5 item-5-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/partners" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Partners - /cn/partners">Partners</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219016"><div id="c15128638" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-6 item-6-6 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/policies" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Policies - /cn/policies">Policies</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column medium-4 large-2" id="librarians"><div id="c12218998" class="collection collection-navigation-footer-level-2 item-3 item-3-5"><div> <div class="core"> <strong class="headline flap--mobile">Librarians</strong> <div> <div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c13276880" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-1 item-1-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Overview - /cn/librarians">Overview</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c12248062" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-2 item-2-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/products" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Products - /cn/librarians/products">Products</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c12248084" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-3 item-3-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/licensing" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Licensing - /cn/librarians/licensing">Licensing</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c12248086" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-4 item-4-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/tools-services" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Tools &amp; Services - /cn/librarians/tools-services">Tools &amp; Services</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c12248088" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-5 item-5-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/tools-services/evaluate/account-development" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Account Development - /cn/librarians/tools-services/evaluate/account-development">Account Development</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c12214650" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-6 item-6-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/the-link" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Blog - /cn/librarians/the-link">Blog</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c13276874" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-7 item-7-7 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/librarians/contact-us" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Sales and account contacts - /cn/librarians/contact-us">Sales and account contacts</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column medium-4 large-2" id="our-company"><div id="c12219024" class="collection collection-navigation-footer-level-2 item-4 item-4-5"><div> <div class="core"> <strong class="headline flap--mobile">Our company</strong> <div> <div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c16303858" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-1 item-1-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/group" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Overview - /cn/group">Overview</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c17612242" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-2 item-2-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/group/about-us" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - About us - /cn/group/about-us">About us</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c17612248" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-3 item-3-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/group/careers" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Careers - /cn/group/careers">Careers</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c17612252" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-4 item-4-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/group/about-us/education-business" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Education - /cn/group/about-us/education-business">Education</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c17612376" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-5 item-5-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/group/about-us/health-business" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Professional - /cn/group/about-us/health-business">Professional</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c17612378" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-6 item-6-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/group/media" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Media Centre - /cn/group/media">Media Centre</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c17612380" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-7 item-7-7 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/group/about-us/locations-contact" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Locations &amp; Contact - /cn/group/about-us/locations-contact">Locations &amp; Contact</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column medium-6 large-4" id="about-us"><div id="c12219020" class="collection collection-navigation-footer-level-2-teaser item-5 item-5-5 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"><ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2-teaser--listwrap" id=""><div id="c10683756" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-3"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/contact" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Contact - /cn/contact">Contact</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2-teaser--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12348462" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-3"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/shop" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Shop - /cn/shop">Shop</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2-teaser--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12219030" class="teaser teaser-navigation-button item-3 item-3-3 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline">About us </h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p>We are a world leading research, educational and professional publisher. Visit our main website for more information.</p></div> <a href="https://group.springernature.com/gp/group" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-button - Corporate site  ↗ - https://group.springernature.com/gp/group">Corporate site  ↗</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div> </div></div></div></div> </div> </div></div> <div class="collection--footer-row-second"> <div class="row logo-social-row"> <div class="column logo"> <img onerror="this.src='/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature_white.png';this.onerror=null;" src="/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature_white.svg" alt="Springer Nature" /> </div> <div class="column"> <div id="c12219000" class="has-no-image collection collection-navigation-footer-social item-3 item-3-3 last-item end odd-item section odd-item-custom"><div> <div data-setting-viewtype="Navigation Footer - Social" class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-social--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219000"><div id="c12219028" class="teaser teaser-navigation-icon item-1 item-1-3"><div> <a href="https://x.com/SpringerNature" title="small_twitter" class="icon core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-icon - small_twitter - https://x.com/SpringerNature"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><title>_</title><path d="M28.711,9.482c.021.284.021.568.021.853C28.732,19,22.134,29,10.071,29A18.536,18.536,0,0,1,0,26.05a13.284,13.284,0,0,0,1.584.083,13.123,13.123,0,0,0,8.141-2.8,6.564,6.564,0,0,1-6.131-4.547,8.476,8.476,0,0,0,1.237.1,6.929,6.929,0,0,0,1.726-.222A6.561,6.561,0,0,1,1.3,12.223v-.08a6.64,6.64,0,0,0,2.963.832A6.574,6.574,0,0,1,2.232,4.2a18.648,18.648,0,0,0,13.525,6.862,7.238,7.238,0,0,1-.163-1.5A6.563,6.563,0,0,1,26.944,5.077a12.947,12.947,0,0,0,4.162-1.584,6.539,6.539,0,0,1-2.883,3.614A13.2,13.2,0,0,0,32,6.092,14.08,14.08,0,0,1,28.711,9.482Z"/></svg> </a> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-social--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219000"><div id="c12351558" class="teaser teaser-navigation-icon item-2 item-2-3"><div> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/SpringerNature/" title="small_facebook" class="icon core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-icon - small_facebook - https://www.facebook.com/SpringerNature/"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><title>_</title><path d="M24.307,5.307H21.288c-2.363,0-2.806,1.135-2.806,2.77v3.633h5.635L23.365,17.4H18.481V32H12.6V17.4h-4.9V11.711h4.9V7.519C12.6,2.655,15.577,0,19.922,0a38.037,38.037,0,0,1,4.385.23Z"/></svg> </a> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-social--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219000"><div id="c12219018" class="teaser teaser-navigation-icon item-3 item-3-3 last-item end"><div> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/springernature/" title="small_linkedin" class="icon core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-icon - small_linkedin - https://www.linkedin.com/company/springernature/"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><title>_</title><path d="M3.838,7.508H3.8A3.549,3.549,0,0,1,0,3.94,3.588,3.588,0,0,1,3.881.372,3.551,3.551,0,0,1,7.719,3.94,3.563,3.563,0,0,1,3.838,7.508ZM7.236,31H.351V10.324H7.236ZM32,31H25.135V19.941c0-2.774-1-4.672-3.482-4.672a3.759,3.759,0,0,0-3.525,2.5,5.169,5.169,0,0,0-.231,1.691V31H11.032c.085-18.735,0-20.676,0-20.676H17.9v3h-.043a6.811,6.811,0,0,1,6.238-3.486C28.621,9.844,32,12.806,32,19.15Z"/></svg> </a> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <div id="c12219004" class="has-no-image collection collection-navigation-footer-meta item-2 item-2-3 even-item section even-item-custom"><div> <div data-setting-viewtype="Navigation Footer - Meta" class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c12219008" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-1 item-1-8"><div> <div class="core"> <div class="richtext richtext-default">© 2024 Springer Nature</div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c12219012" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-2 item-2-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/legal/general-terms-of-use/11033520" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-footer - General terms and conditions - /cn/legal/general-terms-of-use/11033520">General terms and conditions</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c12219002" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-3 item-3-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/legal/privacy-statement" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-footer - Privacy - /cn/legal/privacy-statement">Privacy</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c18144988" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-4 item-4-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/legal/ccpa" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-footer - Your US State Privacy Rights - /cn/legal/ccpa">Your US State Privacy Rights</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c16433454" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-5 item-5-8"><div> <div class="core"> <button data-cc-action="preferences" class="link">Your Privacy Choices / Manage Cookies</button> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c16708130" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-6 item-6-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/info/accessibility" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-footer - Accessibility - /cn/info/accessibility">Accessibility</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c12219032" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-7 item-7-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/cn/legal/imprint/11033518" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-footer - Legal notice - /cn/legal/imprint/11033518">Legal notice</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c18790562" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-8 item-8-8 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc2LypsSJUsJ_vnIqqH2JiScOLajz1lyjK4mTiqSAs5GuQobA/viewform" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/cn/librarians/products/journals/springer-journals" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-footer - Help us to improve this site, send feedback. - https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc2LypsSJUsJ_vnIqqH2JiScOLajz1lyjK4mTiqSAs5GuQobA/viewform">Help us to improve this site, send feedback.</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div></div> </div> </div></div> </div> <!--[if !IE]><!--> <script src="/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script> <!--<![endif]--> <!--[if lte IE 8]> <script src="/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery-1.12.4.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 8]> <script src="/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> <script defer="defer" src="/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery.bxslider.min.js?r=0.201.0"></script> <script defer="defer" type="text/javascript" src="/app-sn/public/scripts/charts-loader.js"></script> <script defer="defer" src="/app-sn/public/dist/bundle.js?r=0.201.0"></script> <script defer="defer" src="//global.localizecdn.com/localize.js"></script><script defer="defer" id="localize-script" src="/app-sn/public/scripts/snlocalize.js" data-key="yv6AUYCMwwiMb"></script> <script defer="defer" src="//www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js"></script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10