Hong Kong | Council on Foreign Relations

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class="main-header__nav-dropdown"> <button class="main-header__nav-dropdown-toggle"></button> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-container"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-featured"> <div class="main-header__featured"> <div class="main-header__featured-title">Featured</div> <div class="main-header__featured-content"> <section class="card-article article card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/energy-and-environment/climate-change" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Climate Change </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/backgrounder/paris-global-climate-change-agreements " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Global Climate Agreements: Successes and Failures</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2020/10/climate.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Introduction Over the last several decades, governments have collectively pledged to slow global warming. But despite intensified diplomacy, the world is already facing the consequences of climate…</div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Backgrounder</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by Lindsay Maizland and <a href="/bio/clara-fong" class="card-article__authors-link">Clara Fong</a></span> <span class="card-article__date"> January 21, 2025</span> <a href="/programs/renewing-america" class="card-article__series"> Renewing America </a> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-list"> <ul class="main-header__secondary-nav-list"> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/defense-and-security" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Defense & Security</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/diplomacy-and-international-institutions" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Diplomacy & International Institutions</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/economics" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Economics</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/energy-and-environment" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Energy & Environment</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/health" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Health</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/human-rights" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Human Rights</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/politics-and-government" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Politics & Government</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/social-issues" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Social Issues</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="main-header__nav-list-item main-header__nav-list-item--with-dropdown"> <a href="/regions" class="main-header__nav-list-item-link">Regions</a> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown"> <button class="main-header__nav-dropdown-toggle"></button> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-container"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-featured"> <div class="main-header__featured"> <div class="main-header__featured-title">Featured</div> <div class="main-header__featured-content"> <section class="card-article article card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/asia/myanmar" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Myanmar </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/backgrounder/myanmar-history-coup-military-rule-ethnic-conflict-rohingya " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Myanmar’s Troubled History</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2021/02/myanmarbgr.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Introduction Throughout its decades of independence, Myanmar has struggled with military rule, civil war, poor governance, and widespread poverty. A military coup in February 2021 dashed hopes for…</div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Backgrounder</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by Lindsay Maizland</span> <span class="card-article__date"> January 31, 2022</span> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-list"> <ul class="main-header__secondary-nav-list"> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/americas" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Americas</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/asia" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Asia</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/europe-and-eurasia" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Europe & Eurasia</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/global-commons" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Global Commons</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/middle-east-and-north-africa" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Middle East & North Africa</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/oceania" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Oceania</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/sub-saharan-africa" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Sub-Saharan Africa</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="main-header__nav-list-item main-header__nav-list-item--with-dropdown"> <a href="/explainers" class="main-header__nav-list-item-link">Explainers</a> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown"> <button class="main-header__nav-dropdown-toggle"></button> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-container"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-featured"> <div class="main-header__featured"> <div class="main-header__featured-title">Featured</div> <div class="main-header__featured-content"> <section class="card-article article card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/health" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Health </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/article/how-new-tobacco-control-laws-could-help-close-racial-gap-us-cancer " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">How Tobacco Laws Could Help Close the Racial Gap on Cancer</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2023/01/GettyImages-1409152899_Resized_0.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">During the 2020 presidential campaign, Joe Biden promised that his administration would make a “historic effort” to reduce long-running racial inequities in health. Tobacco use—the leading cause of p…</div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Interactive</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by Olivia Angelino, <a href="/expert/thomas-j-bollyky" class="card-article__authors-link">Thomas J. Bollyky</a>, Elle Ruggiero and Isabella Turilli</span> <span class="card-article__date"> February 1, 2023</span> <a href="/programs/global-health-program" class="card-article__series"> Global Health Program </a> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-list"> <ul class="main-header__secondary-nav-list"> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/backgrounders" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Backgrounders</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/inbriefs" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">In Briefs</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/podcasts" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Podcasts</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/videos" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Videos</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/timelines" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Timelines</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/special-projects" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Special Projects</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/infoguides" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">InfoGuides</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="main-header__nav-list-item main-header__nav-list-item--with-dropdown"> <a href="/research-analysis" class="main-header__nav-list-item-link">Research & Analysis</a> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown"> <button class="main-header__nav-dropdown-toggle"></button> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-container"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-featured"> <div class="main-header__featured"> <div class="main-header__featured-title">Featured</div> <div class="main-header__featured-content"> <section class="card-article report card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/economics" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Economics </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/report/american-views-economic-leadership " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">American Views on Economic Leadership</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2025/03/Cover_web_1.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Executive Summary In the decades following World War II, the United States was the undisputed leader of the global economic system. It had the strongest economy in the world and championed a set o…</div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Report</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> by <a href="/expert/matthew-p-goodman" class="card-article__authors-link">Matthew P. Goodman</a> and <a href="/bio/allison-j-smith" class="card-article__authors-link">Allison J. Smith</a></span> <span class="card-article__date"> March 25, 2025</span> <a href="/programs/realecon" class="card-article__series"> RealEcon </a> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-list"> <ul class="main-header__secondary-nav-list"> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/experts" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Experts</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/programs" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Centers & Programs</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/publications" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Books & Reports</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/blog" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Blogs</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/task-force-program" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Task Force Program</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/fellowships" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Fellowships</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="main-header__nav-list-item main-header__nav-list-item--with-dropdown"> <a href="/outreach" class="main-header__nav-list-item-link">Communities</a> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown"> <button class="main-header__nav-dropdown-toggle"></button> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-container"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-featured"> <div class="main-header__featured"> <div class="main-header__featured-title">Featured</div> <div class="main-header__featured-content"> <section class="card-article event card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/oil-and-petroleum-products" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> Oil and Petroleum Products </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/event/academic-webinar-geopolitics-oil " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Academic Webinar: The Geopolitics of Oil</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <span class="card-article__icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 15 15" class="icon icon-play" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Play</title> <path d="M0 15V0l15 7.5z" class="icon-fill" fill="none"/> </svg> </span> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_xl/public/image/2023/04/cms%20Saudi%20Arabia%20oil%20refinery%20by%20Ahmed%20Jadallah%20Reuters.jpg.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Webinar</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> with Carolyn Kissane and <a href="https://www.cfr.org/bio/irina-faskianos" class="card-article__authors-link">Irina A. Faskianos</a></span> <span class="card-article__date"> April 12, 2023</span> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-list"> <ul class="main-header__secondary-nav-list"> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/membership" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Members</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/media" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Media</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/congressional-program" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Congress</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/academic/cfr-academic" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Students and Educators</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/state-and-local" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">State & Local Officials</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/outreach/religion-and-foreign-policy-program" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Religion Leaders</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/localjournalists" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Local Journalists</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="main-header__nav-list-item main-header__nav-list-item--with-dropdown"> <a href="/event" class="main-header__nav-list-item-link">Events</a> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown"> <button class="main-header__nav-dropdown-toggle"></button> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-container"> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-featured"> <div class="main-header__featured"> <div class="main-header__featured-title">Featured</div> <div class="main-header__featured-content"> <section class="card-article event card-article--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article__container"> <p class="card-article__topic-tag"> <a href="/americas/united-states" class="card-article__topic-tag-link"> United States </a> </p> <div class="card-article__link-outer-wrapper"> <a href="/event/c-peter-mccolough-series-international-economics-tom-barkin " class="card-article__link"> <div class="card-article__info"> <p class="card-article__title clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">C. Peter McColough Series on International Economics With Tom Barkin</p> <div class="card-article__image"> <span class="card-article__icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 15 15" class="icon icon-play" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Play</title> <path d="M0 15V0l15 7.5z" class="icon-fill" fill="none"/> </svg> </span> <div class="card-article__image-cover bg-image-switch" data-bg-image=//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_xl/public/image/2025/03/2024-02-08T194800Z_791086772_RC2HY5A0Z5NM_RTRMADP_3_USA-FED-BARKIN.JPG.webp></div> </div> <div class="card-article__caption"> <div class="card-article__caption_wrapper"> <span class="card-article__caption_credit"></span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Richmond Fed President Tom Barkin discusses U.S. monetary policy and the outlook for inflation and labor markets. The C. Peter McColough Series on International Economics brings the world’s foremo…</div> <p class="card-article__metadata"> <span class="card-article__publication-type">Virtual Event</span> <span class="card-article__authors"> with Tom Barkin and John Lipsky</span> <span class="card-article__date"> April 1, 2025</span> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-header__nav-dropdown-menu-list"> <ul class="main-header__secondary-nav-list"> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/event-series" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Lectureship Series</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/conference-call-series" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Webinars & Conference Calls</a> </li> <li class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item"> <a href="/meeting-types/symposia" class="main-header__secondary-nav-list-item-link macro-utils__link-to">Symposia</a> </li> </ul> 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class="e2020-basic-promo__pub-type">Backgrounder </span> by <a href="/bio/lindsay-maizland" class="e2020-basic-promo__link">Lindsay Maizland</a> and <a href="/bio/clara-fong" class="e2020-basic-promo__link">Clara Fong</a> </p> </div> <div class="e2020-basic-promo__intro"> Beijing has tightened its grip on Hong Kong in recent years, dimming hopes that the financial center will ever become a full democracy. </div> <div class="e2020-basic-promo__date"> Mar 19, 2024 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="e2020-basic-promo__right-col-wrapper e2020-basic-promo__col-wrapper"> <div class="e2020-basic-promo__right-col-inner-wrapper"> <div class="e2020-basic-promo__right-col-content"> <a href="/backgrounder/hong-kong-freedoms-democracy-protests-china-crackdown" target="_blank" class="e2020-basic-promo__image-article-anchor"> <div class="e2020-basic-promo__image-wrapper"> <div class="e2020-basic-promo__image-cover" style="background-image: 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Since 1949, the countries have experienced periods of both tension and cooperation over issues including trade, climate change, and Taiwan. </div> <div class="card-article-large__metadata"> <span class="card-article-large__publication-type">Timeline</span> <span class="card-article-large__authors">by CFR.org Editors</span> <span class="card-article-large__date"> June 26, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </li> <li class="views-row krt-grid__list-item"> <div class="views-field views-field-search-api-rendered-item"><span class="field-content"> <div class="card-article-large event card-article-large--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article-large__container"> <div class="card-article-large__content"> <div class="card-article-large__topic-tag"> <a href="/asia/hong-kong" class="card-article-large__topic-tag-link"> Hong Kong </a> </div> <a href="/event/trial-jimmy-lai-and-future-hong-kong " class="card-article-large__link"> <div class="card-article-large__title"> The Trial of Jimmy Lai and the Future of Hong Kong </div> <div class="card-article-large__image"> <span class="card-article-large__icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 15 15" class="icon icon-play" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Play</title> <path d="M0 15V0l15 7.5z" class="icon-fill" fill="none"/> </svg> </span> <div class="card-article-large__image-cover" style="background-image: url(//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_xl/public/image/2024/05/Jimmy%20Lai.JPG.webp)"></div> </div> </a> <div class="card-article-large__metadata"> <span class="card-article-large__publication-type">Virtual Event</span> <span class="card-article-large__authors">by James B. Cunningham, Caoilfhionn Gallagher and <a href="https://www.cfr.org/expert/elliott-abrams" class="card-article-large__authors-link">Elliott Abrams</a> </span> <span class="card-article-large__date"> May 23, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </li> <li class="views-row krt-grid__list-item"> <div class="views-field views-field-search-api-rendered-item"><span class="field-content"> <div class="card-article-large article card-article-large--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article-large__container"> <div class="card-article-large__content"> <div class="card-article-large__topic-tag"> <a href="/asia/hong-kong" class="card-article-large__topic-tag-link"> Hong Kong </a> </div> <a href="/backgrounder/hong-kong-freedoms-democracy-protests-china-crackdown " class="card-article-large__link"> <div class="card-article-large__title"> Hong Kong’s Freedoms: What China Promised and How It’s Cracking Down </div> <div class="card-article-large__image"> <div class="card-article-large__image-cover" style="background-image: url(//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2021/02/hongkongbg_0.jpg.webp)"></div> </div> </a> <div class="card-article-large__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Beijing has tightened its grip on Hong Kong in recent years, dimming hopes that the financial center will ever become a full democracy. </div> <div class="card-article-large__metadata"> <span class="card-article-large__publication-type">Backgrounder</span> <span class="card-article-large__authors">by Lindsay Maizland and <a href="/bio/clara-fong" class="card-article-large__authors-link">Clara Fong</a> </span> <span class="card-article-large__date"> March 19, 2024</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </li> </ul> <ul class="krt-grid__list-container"> <li class="views-row krt-grid__list-item"> <div class="views-field views-field-search-api-rendered-item"><span class="field-content"> <div class="card-article-large 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class="card-article-large__metadata"> <span class="card-article-large__publication-type">Podcast</span> <span class="card-article-large__authors">with <a href="https://www.cfr.org/expert/robert-mcmahon" class="card-article-large__authors-link">Robert McMahon</a> and <a href="https://www.cfr.org/expert/carla-anne-robbins" class="card-article-large__authors-link">Carla Anne Robbins</a> </span> <span class="card-article-large__date"> June 30, 2022</span> <a href="/podcasts/world-next-week" class="card-article-large__series"> The World Next Week </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </li> <li class="views-row krt-grid__list-item"> <div class="views-field views-field-search-api-rendered-item"><span class="field-content"> <div class="card-article-large card_large-article__video-explainer card-article-large--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article-large__container"> <div class="card-article-large__content"> <div class="card-article-large__topic-tag"> <a href="/asia/hong-kong" class="card-article-large__topic-tag-link"> Hong Kong </a> </div> <a href="/video/chinas-crackdown-free-hong-kong " class="card-article-large__link"> <div class="card-article-large__title"> China’s Crackdown on a Free Hong Kong </div> <div class="card-article-large__image"> <span class="card-article-large__icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 15 15" class="icon icon-play" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Play</title> <path d="M0 15V0l15 7.5z" class="icon-fill" fill="none"/> </svg> </span> <div class="card-article-large__image-cover" style="background-image: url(//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_xl/public/image/2022/06/GettyImages-1193833000.jpg.webp)"></div> </div> </a> <div class="card-article-large__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">After the British government handed Hong Kong over to China in 1997, Beijing promised to let the city keep its capitalist economy and some of its democratic freedoms under the “one country, two systems” approach. However, Hong Kong’s future looks grim as Beijing increasingly cracks down on protests, free press, and dissent. </div> <div class="card-article-large__metadata"> <span class="card-article-large__publication-type">Explainer Video</span> <span class="card-article-large__authors">with <a href="/bio/jeremy-sherlick" class="card-article-large__authors-link">Jeremy Sherlick</a> and Lindsay Maizland</span> <span class="card-article-large__date"> June 23, 2022</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </li> </ul> <ul class="krt-grid__list-container"> <li class="views-row krt-grid__list-item"> <div class="views-field views-field-search-api-rendered-item"><span class="field-content"> <div class="card-article-large event card-article-large--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article-large__container"> <div class="card-article-large__content"> <div class="card-article-large__topic-tag"> <a href="/asia/hong-kong" class="card-article-large__topic-tag-link"> Hong Kong </a> </div> <a href="/event/lessons-history-series-question-autonomy-hong-kong-then-and-now " class="card-article-large__link"> <div class="card-article-large__title"> Lessons From History Series: A Question of Autonomy—Hong Kong Then and Now </div> <div class="card-article-large__image"> <span class="card-article-large__icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 15 15" class="icon icon-play" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Play</title> <path d="M0 15V0l15 7.5z" class="icon-fill" fill="none"/> </svg> </span> <div class="card-article-large__image-cover" style="background-image: url(//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_xl/public/image/2022/06/HK_CN-Flags-Resized-CMS.png.webp)"></div> </div> </a> <div class="card-article-large__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">July 2022 marks twenty-five years since the United Kingdom and China signed the Sino-British agreement, returning Hong Kong to China with the understanding that China's policies regarding Hong Kong would remain unchanged for the next fifty years and that the city would continue to operate under a high degree of autonomy. Our panelists discuss the history of Hong Kong and where it stands now, halfway through the fifty-year agreement, including the effects of the national security law imposed by China, and the future of the city and the people who live there. The Lessons From History Series uses historical analysis as a critical tool for understanding modern foreign policy challenges by hearing from practitioners who played an important role in a consequential historical event or from experts and historians. This series is made possible through the generous support of David M. Rubenstein. </div> <div class="card-article-large__metadata"> <span class="card-article-large__publication-type">Webinar</span> <span class="card-article-large__authors">by Mark Clifford, Dennis Kwok, Louisa Lim and Mary Kay Magistad</span> <span class="card-article-large__date"> June 21, 2022</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </li> <li class="views-row krt-grid__list-item"> <div class="views-field views-field-search-api-rendered-item"><span class="field-content"> <div class="card-article-large podcast_episode card-article-large--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article-large__container"> <div class="card-article-large__content"> <div class="card-article-large__topic-tag"> <a href="/politics-and-government/elections-and-voting" class="card-article-large__topic-tag-link"> Elections and Voting </a> </div> <a href="/podcasts/philippine-general-election-hong-kongs-new-chief-executive-and-more " class="card-article-large__link"> <div class="card-article-large__title"> Philippine General Election, Hong Kong’s New Chief Executive, and More </div> <div class="card-article-large__image"> <span class="card-article-large__icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 15 25" class="icon icon-podcast" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Podcast</title> <path d="M8.005 20.469v3.489h3.283a.523.523 0 0 1 0 1.042H3.712a.523.523 0 0 1 0-1.042h3.282v-3.49C2.954 20.183 0 16.929 0 12.76c0-.78 1.06-.78 1.06 0 0 3.646 2.88 6.64 6.44 6.64 3.56 0 6.439-2.994 6.439-6.64a.533.533 0 0 1 1.061 0c0 4.167-2.954 7.422-6.995 7.709m4.292-15.495v7.76c0 2.76-2.12 4.975-4.798 4.975-2.676 0-4.797-2.24-4.797-4.975v-7.76C2.702 2.239 4.823 0 7.499 0c2.678 0 4.798 2.239 4.798 4.974m-1.01 7.76v-1.276H9.016c-.505 0-.505-.781 0-.781h2.273V9.375H9.015c-.505 0-.505-.781 0-.781h2.273V7.29H9.015c-.505 0-.505-.78 0-.78h2.273V4.974c0-2.136-1.718-3.88-3.789-3.88-2.07 0-3.787 1.744-3.787 3.88V6.51h2.273c.505 0 .505.78 0 .78H3.712v1.303h2.273c.505 0 .505.781 0 .781H3.712v1.302h2.273c.505 0 .505.781 0 .781H3.712v1.276c0 2.135 1.717 3.88 3.787 3.88 2.071 0 3.789-1.745 3.789-3.88" class="icon-fill" fill="none"/> </svg> </span> <div class="card-article-large__image-cover" style="background-image: url(//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2022/05/RTS77KL3%20copy.jpg.webp)"></div> </div> </a> <div class="card-article-large__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">The Philippines holds a general election, a vote for a new chief executive happens in Hong Kong, and foreign ministers from the Group of Seven (G7) nations meet in Germany. </div> <div class="card-article-large__metadata"> <span class="card-article-large__publication-type">Podcast</span> <span class="card-article-large__authors">with <a href="https://www.cfr.org/expert/james-m-lindsay" class="card-article-large__authors-link">James M. Lindsay</a> and <a href="https://www.cfr.org/expert/robert-mcmahon" class="card-article-large__authors-link">Robert McMahon</a> </span> <span class="card-article-large__date"> May 5, 2022</span> <a href="/podcasts/world-next-week" class="card-article-large__series"> The World Next Week </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </li> <li class="views-row krt-grid__list-item"> <div class="views-field views-field-search-api-rendered-item"><span class="field-content"> <div class="card-article-large card-article-book-report card-article-large--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article-large__container"> <div class="card-article-large__content"> <div class="card-article-large__topic-tag"> <a href="/asia/china" class="card-article-large__topic-tag-link"> China </a> </div> <a href="/book/world-according-china " class="card-article-large__link"> <div class="card-article-large__title"> The World According to China </div> <div class="card-article-large__image"> <picture> <source media="all and (min-width: 1280px)" type="image/webp" width="169" height="253" data-srcset="//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/featured_content_image/public/book_cover_image/9781509537495web.jpg.webp 1x"/> <source media="all and (max-width: 1279px) and (min-width: 1024px)" type="image/webp" width="169" height="253" data-srcset="//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/featured_content_image/public/book_cover_image/9781509537495web.jpg.webp 1x"/> <source media="all and (max-width: 1023px) and (min-width: 750px)" type="image/webp" width="169" height="253" data-srcset="//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/featured_content_image/public/book_cover_image/9781509537495web.jpg.webp 1x"/> <source media="all and (max-width: 749px)" type="image/webp" width="169" height="253" data-srcset="//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/featured_content_image/public/book_cover_image/9781509537495web.jpg.webp 1x"/> <img width="169" height="253" alt="" loading="lazy" class="lazyload" data-src="//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/featured_content_image/public/book_cover_image/9781509537495web.jpg.webp" /> </picture> </div> </a> <div class="card-article-large__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">This compelling book reveals China’s ambitious new strategy to reclaim the country’s past glory and reshape the geostrategic landscape in dramatic new ways. </div> <div class="card-article-large__metadata"> <span class="card-article-large__publication-type">Book</span> <span class="card-article-large__authors">by Elizabeth C. Economy</span> <span class="card-article-large__date"> January 11, 2022</span> <a href="/programs/asia-program" class="card-article-large__series"> Asia Program </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </li> <li class="views-row krt-grid__list-item"> <div class="views-field views-field-search-api-rendered-item"><span class="field-content"> <div class="card-article-large event card-article-large--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article-large__container"> <div class="card-article-large__content"> <div class="card-article-large__topic-tag"> <a href="/asia/hong-kong" class="card-article-large__topic-tag-link"> Hong Kong </a> </div> <a href="/event/virtual-roundtable-future-hong-kong " class="card-article-large__link"> <div class="card-article-large__title"> Virtual Roundtable: The Future of Hong Kong </div> <div class="card-article-large__image"> <span class="card-article-large__icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 15 15" class="icon icon-play" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Play</title> <path d="M0 15V0l15 7.5z" class="icon-fill" fill="none"/> </svg> </span> <div class="card-article-large__image-cover" style="background-image: url(//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_xl/public/image/2021/10/RTXDMUWN-cms.jpg.webp)"></div> </div> </a> <div class="card-article-large__metadata"> <span class="card-article-large__publication-type">Virtual Event</span> <span class="card-article-large__authors">by Stephen Vines, Andrew J. Nathan and <a href="https://www.cfr.org/expert/jerome-cohen" class="card-article-large__authors-link">Jerome A. Cohen</a> </span> <span class="card-article-large__date"> October 7, 2021</span> <a href="/programs/asia-program" class="card-article-large__series"> Asia Program </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </li> <li class="views-row krt-grid__list-item"> <div class="views-field views-field-search-api-rendered-item"><span class="field-content"> <div class="card-article-large event card-article-large--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article-large__container"> <div class="card-article-large__content"> <div class="card-article-large__topic-tag"> <a href="/asia/hong-kong" class="card-article-large__topic-tag-link"> Hong Kong </a> </div> <a href="/event/virtual-roundtable-transformation-hong-kong " class="card-article-large__link"> <div class="card-article-large__title"> Virtual Roundtable: The Transformation of Hong Kong </div> <div class="card-article-large__image"> <span class="card-article-large__icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 15 15" class="icon icon-play" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Play</title> <path d="M0 15V0l15 7.5z" class="icon-fill" fill="none"/> </svg> </span> <div class="card-article-large__image-cover" style="background-image: url(//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_xl/public/image/2021/09/RTXDUDFM-cms.jpg.webp)"></div> </div> </a> <div class="card-article-large__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Dennis Kwok, former liberal politician and leader in efforts to democratize China’s Special Administrative Region (SAR), discusses the many changes being imposed on Hong Kong, expected developments, and how various countries should respond. Sharon Hom, the well-known critic and international activist, provide comments. </div> <div class="card-article-large__metadata"> <span class="card-article-large__publication-type">Virtual Event</span> <span class="card-article-large__authors">by Dennis Kwok, Sharon K. Hom and <a href="https://www.cfr.org/expert/jerome-cohen" class="card-article-large__authors-link">Jerome A. Cohen</a> </span> <span class="card-article-large__date"> September 9, 2021</span> <a href="/programs/asia-program" class="card-article-large__series"> Asia Program </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </li> <li class="views-row krt-grid__list-item"> <div class="views-field views-field-search-api-rendered-item"><span class="field-content"> <div class="card-article-large podcast_episode card-article-large--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article-large__container"> <div class="card-article-large__content"> <div class="card-article-large__topic-tag"> <a href="/politics-and-government/elections-and-voting" class="card-article-large__topic-tag-link"> Elections and Voting </a> </div> <a href="/podcasts/mexicos-midterms-hong-kongers-remember-tiananmen-and-more " class="card-article-large__link"> <div class="card-article-large__title"> Mexico’s Midterms, Hong Kongers Remember Tiananmen, and More </div> <div class="card-article-large__image"> <span class="card-article-large__icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 15 25" class="icon icon-podcast" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Podcast</title> <path d="M8.005 20.469v3.489h3.283a.523.523 0 0 1 0 1.042H3.712a.523.523 0 0 1 0-1.042h3.282v-3.49C2.954 20.183 0 16.929 0 12.76c0-.78 1.06-.78 1.06 0 0 3.646 2.88 6.64 6.44 6.64 3.56 0 6.439-2.994 6.439-6.64a.533.533 0 0 1 1.061 0c0 4.167-2.954 7.422-6.995 7.709m4.292-15.495v7.76c0 2.76-2.12 4.975-4.798 4.975-2.676 0-4.797-2.24-4.797-4.975v-7.76C2.702 2.239 4.823 0 7.499 0c2.678 0 4.798 2.239 4.798 4.974m-1.01 7.76v-1.276H9.016c-.505 0-.505-.781 0-.781h2.273V9.375H9.015c-.505 0-.505-.781 0-.781h2.273V7.29H9.015c-.505 0-.505-.78 0-.78h2.273V4.974c0-2.136-1.718-3.88-3.789-3.88-2.07 0-3.787 1.744-3.787 3.88V6.51h2.273c.505 0 .505.78 0 .78H3.712v1.303h2.273c.505 0 .505.781 0 .781H3.712v1.302h2.273c.505 0 .505.781 0 .781H3.712v1.276c0 2.135 1.717 3.88 3.787 3.88 2.071 0 3.789-1.745 3.789-3.88" class="icon-fill" fill="none"/> </svg> </span> <div class="card-article-large__image-cover" style="background-image: url(//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2021/06/rtxctikv.jpg.webp)"></div> </div> </a> <div class="card-article-large__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Mexico holds pivotal midterm elections, Hong Kongers attempt to mark the anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre, and Peruvians vote in a divisive presidential runoff. </div> <div class="card-article-large__metadata"> <span class="card-article-large__publication-type">Podcast</span> <span class="card-article-large__authors">with <a href="https://www.cfr.org/expert/robert-mcmahon" class="card-article-large__authors-link">Robert McMahon</a> and <a href="https://www.cfr.org/expert/shannon-k-oneil" class="card-article-large__authors-link">Shannon K. O'Neil</a> </span> <span class="card-article-large__date"> June 3, 2021</span> <a href="/podcasts/world-next-week" class="card-article-large__series"> The World Next Week </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </li> <li class="views-row krt-grid__list-item"> <div class="views-field views-field-search-api-rendered-item"><span class="field-content"> <div class="card-article-large article card-article-large--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article-large__container"> <div class="card-article-large__content"> <div class="card-article-large__topic-tag"> <a href="/politics-and-government/elections-and-voting" class="card-article-large__topic-tag-link"> Elections and Voting </a> </div> <a href="/blog/ten-elections-watch-2021 " class="card-article-large__link"> <div class="card-article-large__title"> Ten Elections to Watch in 2021 </div> <div class="card-article-large__image"> <div class="card-article-large__image-cover" style="background-image: url(//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2020/12/myanmar-voter_0.jpg.webp)"></div> </div> </a> <div class="card-article-large__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">Numerous countries will hold elections in 2021. Here are ten to watch.  </div> <div class="card-article-large__metadata"> <span class="card-article-large__publication-type">Post</span> <span class="card-article-large__authors">by <a href="/expert/james-m-lindsay" class="card-article-large__authors-link">James M. Lindsay</a> </span> <span class="card-article-large__date"> December 23, 2020</span> <a href="/blog/waters-edge" class="card-article-large__series"> The Water's Edge </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </li> <li class="views-row krt-grid__list-item"> <div class="views-field views-field-search-api-rendered-item"><span class="field-content"> <div class="card-article-large card_large-article__video-explainer card-article-large--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article-large__container"> <div class="card-article-large__content"> <div class="card-article-large__topic-tag"> <a href="/2020-review" class="card-article-large__topic-tag-link"> 2020 in Review </a> </div> <a href="/video/council-2020-year-review " class="card-article-large__link"> <div class="card-article-large__title"> The Council in 2020: Year in Review </div> <div class="card-article-large__image"> <span class="card-article-large__icon"> <svg viewBox="0 0 15 15" class="icon icon-play" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Play</title> <path d="M0 15V0l15 7.5z" class="icon-fill" fill="none"/> </svg> </span> <div class="card-article-large__image-cover" style="background-image: url(//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_xl/public/image/2020/12/thumb-v3.jpg.webp)"></div> </div> </a> <div class="card-article-large__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">A global pandemic, elections, civil unrest, and much more. The year 2020 was like no other. Take a look back at how the Council on Foreign Relations brought together renowned experts and leaders to unpack one of the most challenging times for the United States and the world. </div> <div class="card-article-large__metadata"> <span class="card-article-large__publication-type">Explainer Video</span> <span class="card-article-large__date"> December 16, 2020</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </li> <li class="views-row krt-grid__list-item"> <div class="views-field views-field-search-api-rendered-item"><span class="field-content"> <div class="card-article-large article card-article-large--with-thumbnail"> <div class="card-article-large__container"> <div class="card-article-large__content"> <div class="card-article-large__topic-tag"> <a href="/asia/china" class="card-article-large__topic-tag-link"> China </a> </div> <a href="/article/how-2020-shaped-us-china-relations " class="card-article-large__link"> <div class="card-article-large__title"> How 2020 Shaped U.S.-China Relations </div> <div class="card-article-large__image"> <div class="card-article-large__image-cover" style="background-image: url(//cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/card_landscape_m_380x253/public/image/2020/12/us_china.jpg.webp)"></div> </div> </a> <div class="card-article-large__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">This year, tensions between Washington and Beijing flared over many issues. As the Biden administration prepares to take over, what lies ahead for one of the world’s most important bilateral relationships? </div> <div class="card-article-large__metadata"> <span class="card-article-large__publication-type">Article</span> <span class="card-article-large__authors">by Elizabeth C. Economy, <a href="/expert/yanzhong-huang" class="card-article-large__authors-link">Yanzhong Huang</a> , <a href="/expert/jerome-cohen" class="card-article-large__authors-link">Jerome A. Cohen</a> , <a href="/expert/adam-segal" class="card-article-large__authors-link">Adam Segal</a> and Julian Gewirtz</span> <span class="card-article-large__date"> December 15, 2020</span> <a href="/programs/asia-program" class="card-article-large__series"> Asia Program </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </li> </ul> </div> <ul class="js-pager__items pager" data-drupal-views-infinite-scroll-pager="automatic"> <li class="pager__item"> <a class="button" href="?page=1" title="Load more items" rel="next">Load More</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="main-footer-anchor"></div> <footer class="main-footer"> <div class="main-footer__wrapper"> <a href="/" class="main-footer__logo-btn"> <svg viewBox="0 0 125 60" class="main-footer__logo-signature icon-logo-signature" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Council on Foreign Relations</title> <path d="M106.909 13.178c-.502.92-1.081 1.458-1.854 1.458-.713 0-1.01-.522-.975-1.458.062-1.772 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