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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: fin per inch</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: fin per inch"> <meta name="keywords" content="fin per inch"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="fin per inch" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="fin per inch"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 55</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: fin per inch</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Numerical Analysis Of Stainless Steel Beam To Column Joints With Bolted Flush End Plates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takwiir%20Tahriim%20Khan">Takwiir Tahriim Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tausif%20Khalid"> Tausif Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Redwan%20Ahamed"> Mohammad Redwan Ahamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md%20Soebur%20Rahman"> Md Soebur Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mutual connection in joints has a significant impact on the safe and cost-effective design of steel structures. Generally, the end plates are welded at the end of the beam and columns are bolted with the end plates. Thus, the moment will be transferred at the interface, which is a critical segment at the connection. 3-D Finite Element Models (FEM) has been developed using ABAQUS 2017 software to predict the yield capacity of the end plate connections. The parameters used in this study are the depth, width, and thickness of the end plate, dimensions of the bolt, sectional and material properties of beams and columns. The influence width, depth, and thicknesses of the end plate connection on yield capacity were investigated through parametric studies. The results showed that, for increasing plate thickness from 0.3 inch to 0.8 inch by an increment of 0.1 inch the yield capacity increased by 2.85% on average, for decreasing the end plate depth from 13 inch to 11 inch the yield capacity increased by 25.4 %, and for decreasing the end plate width from 6.5 inch to 5.75 inch the yield capacity increased by 35.4%. Variation in yield capacity was also found by changing the beam and column section. Besides, the numerical results showed a good agreement with published experimental literature with an average variation of less than 8.3 % in yield capacity. So the study allows for a more effective combination of beam, column, and end plate dimensions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20beam-column%20joints" title="steel beam-column joints">steel beam-column joints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield%20moment%20capacity" title=" yield moment capacity"> yield moment capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parametric%20study" title=" parametric study"> parametric study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABAQUS" title=" ABAQUS"> ABAQUS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bolted%20joints" title=" bolted joints"> bolted joints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flush%20end%20plates" title=" flush end plates"> flush end plates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moment%20vs%20rotation%20curves" title=" moment vs rotation curves"> moment vs rotation curves</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148337/numerical-analysis-of-stainless-steel-beam-to-column-joints-with-bolted-flush-end-plates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Optimization of Fin Type and Fin per Inch on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of an Air Cooler</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Falavand%20Jozaei">A. Falavand Jozaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ghafouri"> A. Ghafouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Operation enhancement in an air cooler (heat exchanger) depends on the rate of heat transfer, and pressure drop. In this paper, for a given heat duty, study of the effects of FPI (fin per inch) and fin type (circular and hexagonal fins) on two parameters mentioned above is considered in an air cooler in Iran, Arvand petrochemical. A program in EES (Engineering Equations Solver) software moreover, Aspen B-JAC and HTFS+ software are used for this purpose to solve governing equations. At first the simulated results obtained from this program is compared to the experimental data for two cases of FPI. The effects of FPI from 3 to 15 over heat transfer (Q) to pressure drop ratio (Q/Δp ratio). This ratio is one of the main parameters in design, rating, and simulation heat exchangers. The results show that heat transfer (Q) and pressure drop increase with increasing FPI (fin per inch) steadily, and the Q/Δp ratio increases to FPI = 12 (for circular fins about 47% and for hexagonal fins about 69%) and then decreased gradually to FPI = 15 (for circular fins about 5% and for hexagonal fins about 8%), and Q/Δp ratio is maximum at FPI = 12. The FPI value selection between 8 and 12 obtained as a result to optimum heat transfer to pressure drop ratio. Also by contrast, between circular and hexagonal fins results, the Q/Δp ratio of hexagonal fins more than Q/Δp ratio of circular fins for FPI between 8 and 12 (optimum FPI). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20cooler" title="air cooler">air cooler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20and%20hexagonal%20fins" title=" circular and hexagonal fins"> circular and hexagonal fins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fin%20per%20inch" title=" fin per inch"> fin per inch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20and%20pressure%20drop" title=" heat transfer and pressure drop"> heat transfer and pressure drop</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32875/optimization-of-fin-type-and-fin-per-inch-on-heat-transfer-and-pressure-drop-of-an-air-cooler" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Production Increase of C-Central Wells Baher Essalm-Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emed%20Krekshi">Emed Krekshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walid%20Ben%20Husein"> Walid Ben Husein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Bahr Essalam gas-condensate field is located off the Libyan coast and is currently being produced by Mellitah Oil and Gas (MOG). Gas and condensate are produced from the Bahr Essalam reservoir through a mixture of platform and subsea wells, with the subsea wells being gathered at the western manifolds and delivered to the Sabratha platform via a 22-inch pipeline. Gas is gathered and dehydrated on the Sabratha platform and then delivered to the Mellitah gas plant via an existing 36-inch gas export pipeline. The condensate separated on the Sabratha platform will be delivered to the Mellitah gas plant via an existing 10-inch export pipeline. The Bahr Essalam Phase II project includes 2 production wells (CC16 & CC17) at C-Central A connected to the Sabratha platform via a new 10.9 km long 10”/14” production pipeline. Production rates from CC16 and CC17 have exceeded the maximum planned rate of 40 MMSCFD per well. A hydrothermal analysis was conducted to review and Verify input data, focusing on the variation of flowing well head as a function of flowrate.as well as Review available input data against the previous design input data to determine the extent of change. The steady-state and transient simulations performed with Olga yielded coherent results and confirmed the possibility of achieving flow rates of up to 60MMSCFD per well without exceeding the design temperatures, pressures, and velocities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahr%20Essalam" title="Bahr Essalam">Bahr Essalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mellitah%20Oil%20and%20Gas" title=" Mellitah Oil and Gas"> Mellitah Oil and Gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20flow%20rates" title=" production flow rates"> production flow rates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steady%20and%20transient" title=" steady and transient"> steady and transient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181993/production-increase-of-c-central-wells-baher-essalm-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">58</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Production Increase of C-Central Wells Baher Essalm-Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walid%20Ben%20Husein">Walid Ben Husein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emad%20Krekshi"> Emad Krekshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malek%20Essnni"> Malek Essnni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Bahr Essalam gas-condensate field is located off the Libyan coast and is currently being produced by Mellitah Oil and Gas (MOG). Gas and condensate are produced from the Bahr Essalam reservoir through a mixture of platform and subsea wells, with the subsea wells being gathered at the western manifolds and delivered to the Sabratha platform via a 22-inch pipeline. Gas is gathered and dehydrated on the Sabratha platform and then delivered to the Mellitah gas plant via an existing 36-inch gas export pipeline. The condensate separated on the Sabratha platform will be delivered to the Mellitah gas plant via an existing 10-inch export pipeline. The Bahr Essalam Phase II project includes 2 production wells (CC16 & CC17) at C-Central A connected to the Sabratha platform via a new 10.9 km long 10”/14” production pipeline. Production rates from CC16 and CC17 have exceeded the maximum planned rate of 40 MMSCFD per well. A hydrothermal analysis was conducted to review and Verify input data, focusing on the variation of flowing well head as a function of flowrate as well as Review available input data against the previous design input data to determine the extent of change. The steady-state and transient simulations performed with Olga yielded coherent results and confirmed the possibility of achieving flow rates of up to 60MMSCFD per well without exceeding the design temperatures, pressures, and velocities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahr%20Essalam" title="Bahr Essalam">Bahr Essalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mellitah%20Oil%20and%20Gas" title=" Mellitah Oil and Gas"> Mellitah Oil and Gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20flow%20rates" title=" production flow rates"> production flow rates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steady%20state" title=" steady state"> steady state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient" title=" transient"> transient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OLGA." title=" OLGA."> OLGA.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194520/production-increase-of-c-central-wells-baher-essalm-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">10</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Load-Deflecting Characteristics of a Fabricated Orthodontic Wire with 50.6Ni 49.4Ti Alloy Composition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aphinan%20Phukaoluan">Aphinan Phukaoluan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surachai%20Dechkunakorn"> Surachai Dechkunakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niwat%20Anuwongnukroh"> Niwat Anuwongnukroh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anak%20Khantachawana"> Anak Khantachawana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pongpan%20Kaewtathip"> Pongpan Kaewtathip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julathep%20Kajornchaiyakul"> Julathep Kajornchaiyakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peerapong%20Tua-Ngam"> Peerapong Tua-Ngam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aims: The objectives of this study was to determine the load-deflecting characteristics of a fabricated orthodontic wire with alloy composition of 50.6% (atomic weight) Ni and 49.4% (atomic weight) Ti and to compare the results with Ormco, a commercially available pre-formed NiTi orthodontic archwire. Materials and Methods: The ingots alloys with atomic weight ratio 50.6 Ni: 49.4 Ti alloy were used in this study. Three specimens were cut to have wire dimensions of 0.016 inch x0.022 inch. For comparison, a commercially available pre-formed NiTi archwire, Ormco, with dimensions of 0.016 inch x 0.022 inch was used. Three-point bending tests were performed at the temperature 36+1 °C using a Universal Testing Machine on the newly fabricated and commercial archwires to assess the characteristics of the load-deflection curve with loading and unloading forces. The loading and unloading features at the deflection points 0.25, 0.50, 0.75. 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 mm were compared. Descriptive statistics was used to evaluate each variables, and independent t-test at p < 0.05 was used to analyze the mean differences between the two groups. Results: The load-deflection curve of the 50.6Ni: 49.4Ti wires exhibited the characteristic features of superelasticity. The curves at the loading and unloading slope of Ormco NiTi archwire were more parallel than the newly fabricated NiTi wires. The average deflection force of the 50.6Ni: 49.4Ti wire was 304.98 g and 208.08 g for loading and unloading, respectively. Similarly, the values were 358.02 g loading and 253.98 g for unloading of Ormco NiTi archwire. The interval difference forces between each deflection points were in the range 20.40-121.38 g and 36.72-92.82 g for the loading and unloading curve of 50.6Ni: 49.4Ti wire, respectively, and 4.08-157.08 g and 14.28-90.78 g for the loading and unloading curve of commercial wire, respectively. The average deflection force of the 50.6Ni: 49.4Ti wire was less than that of Ormco NiTi archwire, which could have been due to variations in the wire dimensions. Although a greater force was required for each deflection point of loading and unloading for the 50.6Ni: 49.4Ti wire as compared to Ormco NiTi archwire, the values were still within the acceptable limits to be clinically used in orthodontic treatment. Conclusion: The 50.6Ni: 49.4Ti wires presented the characteristics of a superelastic orthodontic wire. The loading and unloading force were also suitable for orthodontic tooth movement. These results serve as a suitable foundation for further studies in the development of new orthodontic NiTi archwires. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=50.6%20ni%2049.4%20Ti%20alloy%20wire" title="50.6 ni 49.4 Ti alloy wire">50.6 ni 49.4 Ti alloy wire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20deflection%20curve" title=" load deflection curve"> load deflection curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loading%20and%20unloading%20force" title=" loading and unloading force"> loading and unloading force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic" title=" orthodontic"> orthodontic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50227/load-deflecting-characteristics-of-a-fabricated-orthodontic-wire-with-506ni-494ti-alloy-composition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> High Pressure Multiphase Flow Experiments: The Impact of Pressure on Flow Patterns Using an X-Ray Tomography Visualisation System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandy%20Black">Sandy Black</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Calum%20McLaughlin"> Calum McLaughlin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandro%20Pranzitelli"> Alessandro Pranzitelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marc%20Laing"> Marc Laing</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multiphase flow structures of two-phase multicomponent fluids were experimentally investigated in a large diameter high-pressure pipeline up to 130 bar at TÜV SÜD’s National Engineering Laboratory Advanced Multiphase Facility. One of the main objectives of the experimental test campaign was to evaluate the impact of pressure on multiphase flow patterns as much of the existing information is based on low-pressure measurements. The experiments were performed in a horizontal and vertical orientation in both 4-inch and 6-inch pipework using nitrogen, ExxsolTM D140 oil, and a 6% aqueous solution of NaCl at incremental pressures from 10 bar to 130 bar. To visualise the detailed structure of the flow of the entire cross-section of the pipe, a fast response X-ray tomography system was used. A wide range of superficial velocities from 0.6 m/s to 24.0 m/s for gas and 0.04 m/s and 6.48 m/s for liquid was examined to evaluate different flow regimes. The results illustrated the suppression of instabilities between the gas and the liquid at the measurement location and that intermittent or slug flow was observed less frequently as the pressure was increased. CFD modellings of low and high-pressure simulations were able to successfully predict the likelihood of intermittent flow; however, further tuning is necessary to predict the slugging frequency. The dataset generated is unique as limited datasets exist above 100 bar and is of considerable value to multiphase flow specialists and numerical modellers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title="computational fluid dynamics">computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20pressure" title=" high pressure"> high pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiphase" title=" multiphase"> multiphase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20tomography" title=" X-ray tomography"> X-ray tomography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133117/high-pressure-multiphase-flow-experiments-the-impact-of-pressure-on-flow-patterns-using-an-x-ray-tomography-visualisation-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Optimization of Two Quality Characteristics in Injection Molding Processes via Taguchi Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20C.%20Chen">Joseph C. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkata%20Karthik%20Jakka"> Venkata Karthik Jakka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this research is to optimize tensile strength and dimensional accuracy in injection molding processes using Taguchi Parameter Design. An L16 orthogonal array (OA) is used in Taguchi experimental design with five control factors at four levels each and with non-controllable factor vibration. A total of 32 experiments were designed to obtain the optimal parameter setting for the process. The optimal parameters identified for the shrinkage are shot volume, 1.7 cubic inch (A4); mold term temperature, 130 ºF (B1); hold pressure, 3200 Psi (C4); injection speed, 0.61 inch3/sec (D2); and hold time of 14 seconds (E2). The optimal parameters identified for the tensile strength are shot volume, 1.7 cubic inch (A4); mold temperature, 160 ºF (B4); hold pressure, 3100 Psi (C3); injection speed, 0.69 inch3/sec (D4); and hold time of 14 seconds (E2). The Taguchi-based optimization framework was systematically and successfully implemented to obtain an adjusted optimal setting in this research. The mean shrinkage of the confirmation runs is 0.0031%, and the tensile strength value was found to be 3148.1 psi. Both outcomes are far better results from the baseline, and defects have been further reduced in injection molding processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20molding%20processes" title="injection molding processes">injection molding processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taguchi%20parameter%20design" title=" taguchi parameter design"> taguchi parameter design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20strength" title=" tensile strength"> tensile strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-density%20polyethylene%28HDPE%29" title=" high-density polyethylene(HDPE)"> high-density polyethylene(HDPE)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91601/optimization-of-two-quality-characteristics-in-injection-molding-processes-via-taguchi-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Loading Forces following Addition of 5% Cu in Nickel-Titanium Alloy Used for Orthodontics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aphinan%20Phukaoluan">Aphinan Phukaoluan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surachai%20Dechkunakorn"> Surachai Dechkunakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niwat%20Anuwongnukroh"> Niwat Anuwongnukroh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anak%20Khantachawana"> Anak Khantachawana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pongpan%20Kaewtathip"> Pongpan Kaewtathip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julathep%20Kajornchaiyakul"> Julathep Kajornchaiyakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wassana%20Wichai"> Wassana Wichai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aims: This study aims to address the amount of force delivered by a NiTiCu orthodontic wire with a ternary composition ratio of 46.0 Ni: 49.0 Ti: 5.0 Cu and to compare the results with a commercial NiTiCu 35 °C orthodontic archwire. Materials and Methods: Nickel (purity 99.9%), Titanium (purity 99.9%), and Copper (purity 99.9%) were used in this study with the atomic weight ratio 46.0 Ni: 49.0 Ti: 5.0 Cu. The elements were melted to form an alloy using an electrolytic arc furnace in argon gas atmosphere and homogenized at 800 °C for 1 hr. The alloys were subsequently sliced into thin plates (1.5mm) by EDM wire cutting machine to obtain the specimens and were cold-rolled with 30% followed by heat treatment in a furnace at 400 °C for 1 hour. Then, the three newly fabricated NiTiCu specimens were cut in nearly identical wire sizes of 0.016 inch x0.022 inch. Commercial preformed Ormco NiTiCu35 °C archwire with size 0.016 inch x 0.022 inches were used for comparative purposes. Three-point bending test was performed using a Universal Testing Machine to investigate the force of the load-deflection curve at oral temperature (36 °C+ 1) with deflection points at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0. 1.25, and 1.5 mm. Descriptive statistics was used to evaluate each variables and independent t-test was used to analyze the differences between the groups. Results: Both NiTiCu wires presented typical superelastic properties as observed from the load-deflection curve. The average force was 341.70 g for loading, and 264.18 g for unloading for 46.0 Ni: 49.0 Ti: 5.0 Cu wire. Similarly, the values were 299.88 g for loading, and 201.96 g for unloading of Ormco NiTiCu35°C. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in mean loading and unloading forces between the two NiTiCu wires. The deflection forces in loading and unloading force for Ormco NiTiCu at each point were less than 46.0 Ni: 49.0 Ti: 5.0 Cu wire, except at the deflection point of 0.25mm. Regarding the force difference between each deflection point of loading and unloading force, Ormco NiTiCu35 °C exerted less force than 46.0 Ni: 49.0 Ti: 5.0 Cu wire, except at difference deflection at 1.5-1.25 mm of unloading force. However, there were still within the acceptable limits for orthodontic use. Conclusion: The fabricated ternary alloy of 46.0 Ni: 49.0 Ti: 5.0 Cu (atomic weight) with 30% reduction and heat treatment at 400°C for 1 hr. and Ormco 35 °C NiTiCu presented the characteristics of the shape memory in their wire form. The unloading forces of both NiTiCu wires were in the range of orthodontic use. This should be a good foundation for further studies towards development of new orthodontic NiTiCu archwires. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loading%20force" title="loading force">loading force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ternary%20alloy" title=" ternary alloy"> ternary alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NiTiCu" title=" NiTiCu"> NiTiCu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20memory" title=" shape memory"> shape memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic%20wire" title=" orthodontic wire"> orthodontic wire</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50228/loading-forces-following-addition-of-5-cu-in-nickel-titanium-alloy-used-for-orthodontics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Bowing of a Pipeline from Longitudinal Compressive Stress Induced by Ground Movement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gennaro%20Marino">Gennaro Marino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper concerns a case of a 10.75 inch diameter buried gas transmission line which was exposed to mine subsidence ground movements. The pipeline was buried about 4ft. below the surface with maximum operating pressure of 1440 psi. The mine subsidence movement was the result of long walling ore at a depth of approximately 1600 ft. As ore extraction progressed, the stress in the monitored pipeline worsened and was approaching unacceptable levels. The excessive pipe compression resulted when it was exposed to the compression zone of subsidence basin created by mining. The pipe stress reached a significant compressive level due to the extensive length of the pipe exposed to frictional ground-pipe slip resistance. The backfill ground movement slip resistance depends on normal stress around the pipe, the rate of slip, and the backfill characteristics. Normal stress depends on the burial depth of the backfill density and the lateral subsidence induced stress. The backfill in this site has a soil dry density of approximately 90 PCF. A suite of direct shear tests was conducted a residual friction angle of 36 was determined for the ambient backfill. These tests showed that the residual shearing resistance was reached within a fraction of an inch. The pipe was coated with fusion-bonded epoxy, so friction reduce factory of 0.6 can be considered. To relieve ground movement induced compressive stress, the line was uncovered. As more of the pipeline was exposed, the pipe abruptly bowed in the excavation. An analysis of this pipe formation which was performed is provided in this paper. Also discussed in this paper are ways to mitigate this pipe deformation or upheaval buckling from occurring. Keywords: Pipe Upheaval, Pipe Buckling, Ground subsidence, Buried Pipeline, Pipe Stress Mitigation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipe%20upheaval" title="pipe upheaval">pipe upheaval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipe%20buckling" title=" pipe buckling"> pipe buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20subsidence" title=" ground subsidence"> ground subsidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buried%20pipeline" title=" buried pipeline"> buried pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipe%20stress%20mitigation" title=" pipe stress mitigation"> pipe stress mitigation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138456/bowing-of-a-pipeline-from-longitudinal-compressive-stress-induced-by-ground-movement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Optimizing Oil Production through 30-Inch Pipeline in Abu-Attifel Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Belgasem">Ahmed Belgasem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walid%20Ben%20Hussin"> Walid Ben Hussin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emad%20Krekshi"> Emad Krekshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20Hashad"> Jamal Hashad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Waxy crude oil, characterized by its high paraffin wax content, poses significant challenges in the oil & gas industry due to its increased viscosity and semi-solid state at reduced temperatures. The wax formation process, which includes precipitation, crystallization, and deposition, becomes problematic when crude oil temperatures fall below the wax appearance temperature (WAT) or cloud point. Addressing these issues, this paper introduces a technical solution designed to mitigate the wax appearance and enhance the oil production process in Abu-Attifil Field via a 30-inch crude oil pipeline. A comprehensive flow assurance study validates the feasibility and performance of this solution across various production rates, temperatures, and operational scenarios. The study's findings indicate that maintaining the crude oil's temperature above a minimum threshold of 63°C is achievable through the strategic placement of two heating stations along the pipeline route. This approach effectively prevents wax deposition, gelling, and subsequent mobility complications, thereby bolstering the overall efficiency, reliability, safety, and economic viability of the production process. Moreover, this solution significantly curtails the environmental repercussions traditionally associated with wax deposition, which can accumulate up to 7,500kg. The research methodology involves a comprehensive flow assurance study to validate the feasibility and performance of the proposed solution. The study considers various production rates, temperatures, and operational scenarios. It includes crude oil analysis to determine the wax appearance temperature (WAT), as well as the evaluation and comparison of operating options for the heating stations. The study's findings indicate that the proposed solution effectively prevents wax deposition, gelling, and subsequent mobility complications. By maintaining the crude oil's temperature above the specified threshold, the solution improves the overall efficiency, reliability, safety, and economic viability of the oil production process. Additionally, the solution contributes to reducing environmental repercussions associated with wax deposition. The research conclusion presents a technical solution that optimizes oil production in the Abu-Attifil Field by addressing wax formation problems through the strategic placement of two heating stations. The solution effectively prevents wax deposition, improves overall operational efficiency, and contributes to environmental sustainability. Further research is suggested for field data validation and cost-benefit analysis exploration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20production" title="oil production">oil production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wax%20depositions" title=" wax depositions"> wax depositions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cells" title=" solar cells"> solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heating%20stations" title=" heating stations"> heating stations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176001/optimizing-oil-production-through-30-inch-pipeline-in-abu-attifel-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176001.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Copper Metallic Foam during Convective Boiling in a Plate Heat Exchanger</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.Kouidri">A.Kouidri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.Madani"> B.Madani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work deals with the study of the heat transfer in a rectangular channel equipped with a metallic foam. The tested metallic foam sample is made from copper with 20 PPI (Pore per Inch Linear) and 93% of porosity and the working fluid used is the n-pentane. In the present work the independent variables are the velocity in the range from 0.02 to 0.06 m/s and a boiling heat flux rate varying between 30 and 70 kW/m2. The heat transfer coefficient is presented versus boiling heat flux, vapor quality and superheat ΔTsat. The thermal results are compared to those found for a plain tube for the same conditions. The comparison with the plain tube shows that the insert of a metallic foam enhances the heat transfer coefficient by a factor between 1.3 and 3. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boiling" title="boiling">boiling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metallic%20foam" title=" metallic foam"> metallic foam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate%20heat%20exchanger" title=" plate heat exchanger"> plate heat exchanger</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43857/heat-transfer-enhancement-using-copper-metallic-foam-during-convective-boiling-in-a-plate-heat-exchanger" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43857.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Relationship between Thumb Length and Pointing Performance on Portable Terminal with Touch-Sensitive Screen</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takahiro%20Nishimura">Takahiro Nishimura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kouki%20Doi"> Kouki Doi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Fujimoto"> Hiroshi Fujimoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Touch-sensitive screens that serve as displays and input devices have been adopted in many portable terminals such as smartphones and personal media players, and the market of touch-sensitive screens has expanded greatly. One of the advantages of touch-sensitive screen is the flexibility in the graphical user interface (GUI) design, and it is imperative to design an appropriate GUI to realize an easy-to-use interface. Moreover, it is important to evaluate the relationship between pointing performance and GUI design. There is much knowledge regarding easy-to-use GUI designs for portable terminals with touch-sensitive screens, and most have focused on GUI design approaches for women or children with small hands. In contrast, GUI design approaches for users with large hands have not received sufficient attention. In this study, to obtain knowledge that contributes to the establishment of individualized easy-to-use GUI design guidelines, we conducted experiments to investigate the relationship between thumb length and pointing performance on portable terminals with touch-sensitive screens. In this study, fourteen college students who participated in the experiment were divided into two groups based on the length of their thumbs. Specifically, we categorized the participants into two groups, thumbs longer than 64.2 mm into L (Long) group, and thumbs longer than 57.4 mm but shorter than 64.2 mm into A (Average) group, based on Japanese anthropometric database. They took part in this study under the authorization of Waseda University’s ‘Ethics Review Committee on Research with Human Subjects’. We created an application for the experimental task and implemented it on the projected capacitive touch-sensitive screen portable terminal (iPod touch (4th generation)). The display size was 3.5 inch and 960 × 640 - pixel resolution at 326 ppi (pixels per inch). This terminal was selected as the experimental device, because of its wide use and market share. The operational procedure of the application is as follows. First, the participants placed their thumb on the start position. Then, one cross-shaped target in a 10 × 7 array of 70 positions appeared at random. The participants pointed the target with their thumb as accurately and as fast as possible. Then, they returned their thumb to the start position and waited. The operation ended when this procedure had been repeated until all 70 targets had each been pointed at once by the participants. We adopted the evaluation indices for absolute error, variable error, and pointing time to investigate pointing performance when using the portable terminal. The results showed that pointing performance varied with thumb length. In particular, on the lower right side of the screen, the performance of L group with long thumb was low. Further, we presented an approach for designing easy-to- use button GUI for users with long thumbs. The contributions of this study include revelation of the relationship between pointing performance and user’s thumb length when using a portable terminal in terms of accuracy, precision, and speed of pointing. We hope that these findings contribute to an easy-to-use GUI design for users with large hands. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pointing%20performance" title="pointing performance">pointing performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portable%20terminal" title=" portable terminal"> portable terminal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thumb%20length" title=" thumb length"> thumb length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=touch-sensitive%20screen" title=" touch-sensitive screen"> touch-sensitive screen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74614/relationship-between-thumb-length-and-pointing-performance-on-portable-terminal-with-touch-sensitive-screen" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74614.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Study of Low Loading Heavier Phase in Horizontal Oil-Water Liquid-Liquid Pipe Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aminu%20J.%20A.%20Koguna">Aminu J. A. Koguna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20M.%20Aliyu"> Aliyu M. Aliyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olawale%20T.%20Fajemidupe"> Olawale T. Fajemidupe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahaya%20D.%20Baba"> Yahaya D. Baba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Production fluids are transported from the platform to tankers or process facilities through transfer pipelines. Water being one of the heavier phases tends to settle at the bottom of pipelines especially at low flow velocities and this has adverse consequences for pipeline integrity. On restart after a shutdown this could result in corrosion and issues for process equipment, thus the need to have the heavier liquid dispersed into the flowing lighter fluid. This study looked at the flow regime of low water cut and low flow velocity oil and water flow using conductive film thickness probes in a large diameter 4-inch pipe to obtain oil and water interface height and the interface structural velocity. A wide range of 0.1–1.0 m/s oil and water mixture velocities was investigated for 0.5–5% water cut. Two fluid model predictions were used to compare with the experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface%20height" title="interface height">interface height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid" title=" liquid"> liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity" title=" velocity"> velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20regime" title=" flow regime"> flow regime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersed" title=" dispersed"> dispersed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20cut" title=" water cut"> water cut</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38742/study-of-low-loading-heavier-phase-in-horizontal-oil-water-liquid-liquid-pipe-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Gas Flaring Utilization at KK Station</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%20Alati%20Ali%20Abushnaq">Abd Alati Ali Abushnaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malek%20Essnni"> Malek Essnni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abduraouf%20Eteer"> Abduraouf Eteer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study proposes a comprehensive approach to effectively utilize associated gas from the KK remote station, eliminating the practice of flaring and mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The proposed integrated system involves diverting the associated gas via a newly designed pipeline, seamlessly connecting to the existing 12-inch pipeline at the tie-in point. The proposed destination is the low-pressure system at A-100 or 3rd stage, where the associated gas will be channeled towards the NGL (natural gas liquid) plant for processing. To ensure the system's efficacy under varying gas production scenarios, the study employs two industry-standard simulation software packages, Aspen HYSYS and PIPSIM. The simulated results demonstrate the system's ability to handle the projected increase in gas production, reaching up to 38 MMSCFD. This comprehensive analysis ensures the system's robustness and adaptability to future production demands. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=associated%20gas" title="associated gas">associated gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flaring%20mitigation" title=" flaring mitigation"> flaring mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHG%20emissions" title=" GHG emissions"> GHG emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline%20diversion" title=" pipeline diversion"> pipeline diversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NGL%20plant" title=" NGL plant"> NGL plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KK%20remote%20station" title=" KK remote station"> KK remote station</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20forecasting" title=" production forecasting"> production forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aspen%20HYSYS" title=" Aspen HYSYS"> Aspen HYSYS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PIPSIM" title=" PIPSIM"> PIPSIM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178865/gas-flaring-utilization-at-kk-station" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> The MCNP Simulation of Prompt Gamma-Ray Neutron Activation Analysis at TRR-1/M1</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sangaroon">S. Sangaroon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Ratanatongchai"> W. Ratanatongchai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Khaweerat"> S. Khaweerat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Picha"> R. Picha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Channuie"> J. Channuie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis system (PGNAA) has been constructed and installed at a 6 inch diameter neutron beam port of the Thai Research Reactor-1/ Modification 1 (TRR-1/M1) since 1989. It was designed for the reactor operating power at 1.2 MW. The purpose of the system is for an elemental and isotopic analytical. In 2016, the PGNAA facility will be developed to reduce the leakage and background of neutrons and gamma radiation at the sample and detector position. In this work, the designed condition of these facilities is carried out based on the Monte Carlo method using MCNP5 computer code. The conditions with different modification materials, thicknesses and structure of the PGNAA facility, including gamma collimator and radiation shields of the detector, are simulated, and then the optimal structure parameters with a significantly improved performance of the facility are obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCNP%20simulation" title="MCNP simulation">MCNP simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PGNAA" title=" PGNAA"> PGNAA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20research%20reactor%20%28TRR-1%2FM1%29" title=" Thai research reactor (TRR-1/M1)"> Thai research reactor (TRR-1/M1)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20shielding" title=" radiation shielding"> radiation shielding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41895/the-mcnp-simulation-of-prompt-gamma-ray-neutron-activation-analysis-at-trr-1m1" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41895.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Parametric Screening and Design Refinement of Ceiling Fan Blades</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shamraiz%20Ahmad">Shamraiz Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riaz%20Ahmad"> Riaz Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Maqsood"> Adnan Maqsood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the application of 2k-design of experiment in order to screen the geometric parameters and experimental refinement of ceiling fan blades. The ratio of the air delivery to the power consumed is commonly known as service value (SV) in ceiling fan designer’s community. Service value was considered as the response for 56 inch ceiling fan and four geometric parameters (bend position at root, bend position at tip, bent angle at root and bent angle at tip) of blade were analyzed. With two levels, the 4-design parameters along with their eleven interactions were studied and design of experiment was employed for experimental arrangement. Blade manufacturing and testing were done in a medium scale enterprise. The objective was achieved and service value of ceiling fan was increased by 10.4 % without increasing the cost of production and manufacturing system. Experiments were designed and results were analyzed using Minitab® 16 software package. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parametric%20screening" title="parametric screening">parametric screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2k-design%20of%20experiment" title=" 2k-design of experiment"> 2k-design of experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceiling%20fan" title=" ceiling fan"> ceiling fan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20value" title=" service value"> service value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20improvement" title=" performance improvement "> performance improvement </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11017/parametric-screening-and-design-refinement-of-ceiling-fan-blades" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11017.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">564</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Internal Corrosion Rupture of a 6-in Gas Line Pipe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadwa%20Jewilli">Fadwa Jewilli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A sudden leak of a 6-inch gas line pipe after being in service for one year was observed. The pipe had been designed to transport dry gas. The failure had taken place in 6 o’clock position at the stage discharge of the flow process. Laboratory investigations were conducted to find out the cause of the pipe rupture. Visual and metallographic observations confirmed that the pipe split was due to a crack initiated in circumferential and then turned into longitudinal direction. Sever wall thickness reduction was noticed on the internal pipe surface. Scanning electron microscopy observations at the fracture surface revealed features of ductile fracture mode. Corrosion product analysis showed the traces of iron carbonate and iron sulphate. The laboratory analysis resulted in the conclusion that the pipe failed due to the effect of wet fluid (condensate) caused severe wall thickness dissolution resulted in pipe could not stand the continuation at in-service working condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20line%20pipe" title="gas line pipe">gas line pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20prediction%20ductile%20fracture" title=" corrosion prediction ductile fracture"> corrosion prediction ductile fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ductile%20fracture" title=" ductile fracture"> ductile fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20analysis" title=" failure analysis"> failure analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170312/internal-corrosion-rupture-of-a-6-in-gas-line-pipe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Experimental Proof of Concept for Piezoelectric Flow Harvesting for In-Pipe Metering Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20Keddis">Sherif Keddis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafik%20Mitry"> Rafik Mitry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norbert%20Schwesinger"> Norbert Schwesinger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intelligent networking of devices has rapidly been gaining importance over the past years and with recent advances in the fields of microcontrollers, integrated circuits and wireless communication, low power applications have emerged, enabling this trend even more. Connected devices provide a much larger database thus enabling highly intelligent and accurate systems. Ensuring safe drinking water is one of the fields that require constant monitoring and can benefit from an increased accuracy. Monitoring is mainly achieved either through complex measures, such as collecting samples from the points of use, or through metering systems typically distant to the points of use which deliver less accurate assessments of the quality of water. Constant metering near the points of use is complicated due to their inaccessibility; e.g. buried water pipes, locked spaces, which makes system maintenance extremely difficult and often unviable. The research presented here attempts to overcome this challenge by providing these systems with enough energy through a flow harvester inside the pipe thus eliminating the maintenance requirements in terms of battery replacements or containment of leakage resulting from wiring such systems. The proposed flow harvester exploits the piezoelectric properties of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) films to convert turbulence induced oscillations into electrical energy. It is intended to be used in standard water pipes with diameters between 0.5 and 1 inch. The working principle of the harvester uses a ring shaped bluff body inside the pipe to induce pressure fluctuations. Additionally the bluff body houses electronic components such as storage, circuitry and RF-unit. Placing the piezoelectric films downstream of that bluff body causes their oscillation which generates electrical charge. The PVDF-film is placed as a multilayered wrap fixed to the pipe wall leaving the top part to oscillate freely inside the flow. The warp, which allows for a larger active, consists of two layers of 30µm thick and 12mm wide PVDF layered alternately with two centered 6µm thick and 8mm wide aluminum foil electrodes. The length of the layers depends on the number of windings and is part of the investigation. Sealing the harvester against liquid penetration is achieved by wrapping it in a ring-shaped LDPE-film and welding the open ends. The fabrication of the PVDF-wraps is done by hand. After validating the working principle using a wind tunnel, experiments have been conducted in water, placing the harvester inside a 1 inch pipe at water velocities of 0.74m/s. To find a suitable placement of the wrap inside the pipe, two forms of fixation were compared regarding their power output. Further investigations regarding the number of windings required for efficient transduction were made. Best results were achieved using a wrap with 3 windings of the active layers which delivers a constant power output of 0.53µW at a 2.3MΩ load and an effective voltage of 1.1V. Considering the extremely low power requirements of sensor applications, these initial results are promising. For further investigations and optimization, machine designs are currently being developed to automate the fabrication and decrease tolerance of the prototypes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance-free%20sensors" title="maintenance-free sensors">maintenance-free sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurements%20at%20point%20of%20use" title=" measurements at point of use"> measurements at point of use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectric%20flow%20harvesting" title=" piezoelectric flow harvesting"> piezoelectric flow harvesting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universal%20micro%20generator" title=" universal micro generator"> universal micro generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20metering%20systems" title=" wireless metering systems"> wireless metering systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79140/experimental-proof-of-concept-for-piezoelectric-flow-harvesting-for-in-pipe-metering-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Computational, Human, and Material Modalities: An Augmented Reality Workflow for Building form Found Textile Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Forren">James Forren</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper details a recent demonstrator project in which digital form found textile structures were built by human craftspersons wearing augmented reality (AR) head-worn displays (HWDs). The project utilized a wet-state natural fiber / cementitious matrix composite to generate minimal bending shapes in tension which, when cured and rotated, performed as minimal-bending compression members. The significance of the project is that it synthesizes computational structural simulations with visually guided handcraft production. Computational and physical form-finding methods with textiles are well characterized in the development of architectural form. One difficulty, however, is physically building computer simulations: often requiring complicated digital fabrication workflows. However, AR HWDs have been used to build a complex digital form from bricks, wood, plastic, and steel without digital fabrication devices. These projects utilize, instead, the tacit knowledge motor schema of the human craftsperson. Computational simulations offer unprecedented speed and performance in solving complex structural problems. Human craftspersons possess highly efficient complex spatial reasoning motor schemas. And textiles offer efficient form-generating possibilities for individual structural members and overall structural forms. This project proposes that the synthesis of these three modalities of structural problem-solving – computational, human, and material - may not only develop efficient structural form but offer further creative potentialities when the respective intelligence of each modality is productively leveraged. The project methodology pertains to its three modalities of production: 1) computational, 2) human, and 3) material. A proprietary three-dimensional graphic statics simulator generated a three-legged arch as a wireframe model. This wireframe was discretized into nine modules, three modules per leg. Each module was modeled as a woven matrix of one-inch diameter chords. And each woven matrix was transmitted to a holographic engine running on HWDs. Craftspersons wearing the HWDs then wove wet cementitious chords within a simple falsework frame to match the minimal bending form displayed in front of them. Once the woven components cured, they were demounted from the frame. The components were then assembled into a full structure using the holographically displayed computational model as a guide. The assembled structure was approximately eighteen feet in diameter and ten feet in height and matched the holographic model to under an inch of tolerance. The construction validated the computational simulation of the minimal bending form as it was dimensionally stable for a ten-day period, after which it was disassembled. The demonstrator illustrated the facility with which computationally derived, a structurally stable form could be achieved by the holographically guided, complex three-dimensional motor schema of the human craftsperson. However, the workflow traveled unidirectionally from computer to human to material: failing to fully leverage the intelligence of each modality. Subsequent research – a workshop testing human interaction with a physics engine simulation of string networks; and research on the use of HWDs to capture hand gestures in weaving seeks to develop further interactivity with rope and chord towards a bi-directional workflow within full-scale building environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=augmented%20reality" title="augmented reality">augmented reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cementitious%20composites" title=" cementitious composites"> cementitious composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20form%20finding" title=" computational form finding"> computational form finding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile%20structures" title=" textile structures"> textile structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131177/computational-human-and-material-modalities-an-augmented-reality-workflow-for-building-form-found-textile-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Piping Fragility Composed of Different Materials by Using OpenSees Software</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woo%20Young%20Jung">Woo Young Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Ho%20Kwon"> Min Ho Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bu%20Seog%20Ju"> Bu Seog Ju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A failure of the non-structural component can cause significant damages in critical facilities such as nuclear power plants and hospitals. Historically, it was reported that the damage from the leakage of sprinkler systems, resulted in the shutdown of hospitals for several weeks by the 1971 San Fernando and 1994 North Ridge earthquakes. In most cases, water leakages were observed at the cross joints, sprinkler heads, and T-joint connections in piping systems during and after the seismic events. Hence, the primary objective of this study was to understand the seismic performance of T-joint connections and to develop an analytical Finite Element (FE) model for the T-joint systems of 2-inch fire protection piping system in hospitals subjected to seismic ground motions. In order to evaluate the FE models of the piping systems using OpenSees, two types of materials were used: 1) Steel 02 materials and 2) Pinching 4 materials. Results of the current study revealed that the nonlinear moment-rotation FE models for the threaded T-joint reconciled well with the experimental results in both FE material models. However, the system-level fragility determined from multiple nonlinear time history analyses at the threaded T-joint was slightly different. The system-level fragility at the T-joint, determined by Pinching 4 material was more conservative than that of using Steel 02 material in the piping system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fragility" title="fragility">fragility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=t-joint" title=" t-joint"> t-joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piping" title=" piping"> piping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leakage" title=" leakage"> leakage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sprinkler" title=" sprinkler"> sprinkler</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3821/piping-fragility-composed-of-different-materials-by-using-opensees-software" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Effect of Different Types of Washes on the Fabric Strength of Denim</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Gul%20Rajpoot">Hina Gul Rajpoot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wazeer%20Hussain%20Solangi"> Wazeer Hussain Solangi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Experimental Design (DOE) economically maximizes information; we deliberately change one or more process variables (looms) in order to observe the effect the changes have on one or more response fabric properties. In DOE obtained data can be analyzed to yield valid and objective conclusions. An Experimental Design is lying out of a detailed experimental plan in advance and maximizes the amount of "information" that can be obtained for a given amount of experimental. Fabric of 36 inches having following weaves was used. 3/1 twill, warp cotton (10.5 den), weft Lycra (16 spandex * 70 den) Ends per inch86, Picks per inch 52 and washes process includes Stone wash, Rinse wash, Bleaching and Enzyme wash. Once the samples were ready, they were subjected to tensile and tear strength tests, for these two kinds of samples were considered. One washed fabric samples of warp direction type and other type of the samples was weft direction. Then five samples from each were considered for tensile and teat strength tests separately then takes the mean value. The results found that the lowest strength damaged in the weft direction observed by tensile strength test & Enzyme wash. Maximum breaking load of the enzyme washed fabric sample was 42 kg. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twill" title="twill">twill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigo%20dye" title=" indigo dye"> indigo dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tear%20strength" title=" tear strength"> tear strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loom" title=" loom"> loom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball%20warp" title=" ball warp"> ball warp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denier%20or%20den" title=" denier or den"> denier or den</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seam" title=" seam"> seam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waist%20band" title=" waist band"> waist band</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pilling" title=" pilling"> pilling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selvage" title=" selvage"> selvage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91506/effect-of-different-types-of-washes-on-the-fabric-strength-of-denim" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91506.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Roller Pump-Induced Tubing Rupture during Cardiopulmonary Bypass</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20G.%20Kim">W. G. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20H.%20Jo"> C. H. Jo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We analyzed the effects of variations in the diameter of silicone rubber and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubings on the likelihood of tubing rupture during modeling of accidental arterial line clamping in cardiopulmonary bypass with a roller pump. A closed CPB circuit constructed with a roller pump was tested with both PVC and silicone rubber tubings of 1/2, 3/8, and 1/4 inch internal diameter. Arterial line pressure was monitored, and an occlusive clamp was placed across the tubing distal to the pressure monitor site to model an accidental arterial line occlusion. A CCD camera with 512(H) x 492(V) pixels was installed above the roller pump to measure tubing diameters at pump outlet, where the maximum deformations (distension) of the tubings occurred. Quantitative measurement of the changes of tubing diameters with the change of arterial line pressure was performed using computerized image processing techniques. A visible change of tubing diameter was generally noticeable by around 250 psi of arterial line pressure, which was already very high. By 1500 psi, the PVC tubings showed an increase of diameter of between 5-10 %, while the silicone rubber tubings showed an increase between 20-25 %. Silicone rubber tubings of all sizes showed greater distensibility than PVC tubings of equivalent size. In conclusion, although roller-pump induced tubing rupture remains a theoretical problem during cardiopulmonary bypass in terms of the inherent mechanism of the pump, in reality such an occurrence is impossible in real clinical conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roller%20pump" title="roller pump">roller pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tubing%20rupture" title=" tubing rupture"> tubing rupture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiopulmonary%20bypass" title=" cardiopulmonary bypass"> cardiopulmonary bypass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arterial%20line" title=" arterial line"> arterial line</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9927/roller-pump-induced-tubing-rupture-during-cardiopulmonary-bypass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Assay for SARS-Cov-2 on Chicken Meat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Mehta">R. Mehta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ghogomu"> M. Ghogomu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Schoel"> B. Schoel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reports appeared in 2020 about China detecting SARS-Cov-2 (Covid-19) on frozen meat, shrimp, and food packaging material. In this study, we examined the use of swabs for the detection of Covid-19 on meat samples, and chicken breast (CB) was used as a model. Methods: Heat inactivated SARS-Cov-2 virus (IV) from Microbiologics was loaded onto the CB, swabbing was done, and the recovered inactivated virus was subjected to the Machery & Nagel NucleoSpin RNAVirus kit for RNA isolation according to manufacturer's instructions. For RT-PCR, the IDT 2019-nCoV RUO Covid-19 test kit was used with the Taqman Fast Virus 1-step master mix. The limit of detection (LOD) of viral load recovered from the CB was determined under various conditions: first on frozen CB where the IV was introduced on a defined area, then on frozen CB, with IV spread-out, and finally, on thawed CB. Results: The lowest amount of IV which can be reliably detected on frozen CB was a load of 1,000 - 2,000 IV copies where the IV was loaded on one spot of about 1 square inch. Next, the IV was spread out over a whole frozen CB about 16 square inches. The IV could be recovered at a lowest load of 4,000 to 8,000 copies. Furthermore, the effects of temperature change on viral load recovery was investigated i.e., if raw unfrozen meat became contaminated and remains for 1 hour at 4°C or gets refrozen. The amount of IV recovered successfully from CB kept at 4°C and the refrozen CB was similar to the recovery gotten from loading the IV directly on the frozen CB. In conclusion, an assay using swabs was successfully established for the detection of SARS-Cov-2 on frozen or raw (unfrozen) CB with a minimal load of up to 8,000 copies spread over 16 square inches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assay" title="assay">assay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meat" title=" meat"> meat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SARS-Cov-2" title=" SARS-Cov-2"> SARS-Cov-2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141885/assay-for-sars-cov-2-on-chicken-meat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Correlation Between Hydrogen Charging and Charpy Impact of 4340 Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Alcisto">J. Alcisto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Papakyriakou"> M. Papakyriakou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Guerra"> J. Guerra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Dominguez"> A. Dominguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Miller"> M. Miller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Foyos"> J. Foyos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Jones"> E. Jones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ula"> N. Ula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hahn"> M. Hahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Zeng"> L. Zeng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Li"> Y. Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20S.%20Es-Said"> O. S. Es-Said</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current methods of testing for hydrogen charging are slow and time consuming. The objective of this paper was to determine if hydrogen charging can be detected quantitatively through the use of Charpy Impact (CI) testing. CI is a much faster and simpler process than current methods for detecting hydrogen charging. Steel plates were Electro Discharge Machined (EDM) into ninety-six 4340 steel CI samples and forty-eight tensile bars. All the samples were heat treated at 900°C to austentite and then rapidly quenched in water to form martensite. The samples were tempered at eight different target strengths/target temperatures (145, 160, 170, 180, 190, 205, 220, to 250KSI, thousands of pounds per square inch)/(1100, 1013, 956, 898, 840, 754, 667, 494 degrees Celsius). After a tedious process of grinding and machining v-notches to the Charpy samples, they were divided into four groups. One group was kept as received baseline for comparison while the other three groups were sent to Alcoa (Fasteners) Inc. in Torrance to be cadmium coated. The three groups were coated with three thicknesses (2, 3 and 5 mils). That means that the samples were charged with ascending hydrogen levels. The samples were CI tested and tensile tested, and the data was tabulated and compared to the baseline group of uncharged samples of the same material. The results of this study were successful and indicated that CI testing was able to quantitatively detect hydrogen charging. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charpy%20impact%20toughness" title="Charpy impact toughness">Charpy impact toughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20charging" title=" hydrogen charging"> hydrogen charging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4340%20steel" title=" 4340 steel"> 4340 steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Electro%20Discharge%20Machined%20%28EDM%29" title=" Electro Discharge Machined (EDM)"> Electro Discharge Machined (EDM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11966/correlation-between-hydrogen-charging-and-charpy-impact-of-4340-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11966.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Evaluating Viability of Solar Tubewell Irrigation Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junaid%20N.%20Chauhdary">Junaid N. Chauhdary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernard%20A.%20Engel"> Bernard A. Engel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allah%20Bakhsh"> Allah Bakhsh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solar powered tubewells can be a reliable and affordable source of supplying irrigation water compared with electric or diesel operated tubewells due to frequent load shedding and soaring energy prices. A study was conducted on a solar tubewell installed at the Water Management Research Center (WMRC), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad to investigate the viability of a solar powered tubewell in terms of discharge and benefit cost ratio. The tubewell discharge was 50 m3hr-1 with a total dynamic head of 30 m. The depth of bore was 31 m (14 m blind + 17 m screen) with a casing diameter of 15.2 cm (6 inches). A 3-stage submersible pump of 10.2 cm (4 inch) diameter was lowered in the casing to a depth of 22 m. The pump was powered from 21 solar panels of 200 W capacity each. The tubewell peak discharge was observed as 6 and 7 hr day-1 in winter and summer, respectively. The breakeven analysis of the solar tubewell showed that the payback period of the solar tubewell was 1.5 years of its 10 year usable life with an IRR (internal rate of return) of 69 %. The BCR (benefit cost ratio) of the solar tubewell at 2, 4, 6, and 8 percent discount rate were 3.75, 3.45, 3.19 and 2.96, respectively. The NPV (net present value) of the solar tubewell at 2, 4, 6, and 8 % discount rates were 1.89, 1.65, 1.45 and 1.27 million rupees, respectively. These results indicated that the solar powered tubewells are a viable option as well as environmentally friendly and can be adopted by the farmers due to their affordable payback period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benefit%20cost%20ratio" title="benefit cost ratio">benefit cost ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20rate%20of%20return%20%28IRR%29" title=" internal rate of return (IRR)"> internal rate of return (IRR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=net%20present%20value%20%28NPV%29" title=" net present value (NPV)"> net present value (NPV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20tubewell" title=" solar tubewell"> solar tubewell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72284/evaluating-viability-of-solar-tubewell-irrigation-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Hybrid Laser-Gas Metal Arc Welding of ASTM A106-B Steel Pipes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Mohammadpour">Masoud Mohammadpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nima%20Yazdian"> Nima Yazdian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radovan%20Kovacevic"> Radovan Kovacevic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Oil and Gas industries are vigorously looking for new ways to increase the efficiency of their pipeline constructions. Besides the other approaches, implementing of new welding methods for joining pipes can be the best candidate on this regard. Hybrid Laser Arc Welding (HLAW) with the capabilities of high welding speed, deep penetration, and excellent gap bridging ability can be a possible alternative method in pipeline girth welding. This paper investigates the feasibility of applying the HLAW to join ASTM A106-B as the mostly used piping material for transporting high-temperature and high-pressure fluids and gases. The experiments were carried out on six-inch diameter pipes with the wall thickness of 10mm. AWS ER 70 S6 filler wire with diameter of 1.2mm was employed. Relating to this welding procedure, characterization of welded samples such as hardness, tensile testing and Charpy V-notch testing were performed and the results will be reported in this paper. In order to have better understanding about the thermal history and the microstructural alterations caused by the welding heat cycle, a comprehensive Finite Element (FE) model was also conducted. The obtained results have shown that the Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) procedure with the minimum number of 5 passes to complete the wall thickness, was reduced to only single pass by using the HLAW process with the welding time less than 15s. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20modeling" title="finite element modeling">finite element modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-temperature%20service" title=" high-temperature service"> high-temperature service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20laser%2Farc%20welding" title=" hybrid laser/arc welding"> hybrid laser/arc welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welding%20pipes" title=" welding pipes"> welding pipes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81181/hybrid-laser-gas-metal-arc-welding-of-astm-a106-b-steel-pipes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Effects of Surface Roughness on a Unimorph Piezoelectric Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems Vibrational Energy Harvester Using Finite Element Method Modeling </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean%20Marriz%20M.%20Manzano">Jean Marriz M. Manzano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marc%20D.%20Rosales"> Marc D. Rosales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdaleno%20R.%20Vasquez%20Jr."> Magdaleno R. Vasquez Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Theresa%20G.%20De%20Leon"> Maria Theresa G. De Leon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the effects of surface roughness on a cantilever beam vibrational energy harvester. A silicon sample was fabricated using MEMS fabrication processes. When etching silicon using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) at large etch depths, rougher surfaces are observed as a result of increased response in process pressure, amount of coil power and increased helium backside cooling readings. To account for the effects of surface roughness on the characteristics of the cantilever beam, finite element method (FEM) modeling was performed using actual roughness data from fabricated samples. It was found that when etching about 550um of silicon, root mean square roughness parameter, Sq, varies by 1 to 3 um (at 100um thick) across a 6-inch wafer. Given this Sq variation, FEM simulations predict an 8 to148 Hz shift in the resonant frequency while having no significant effect on the output power. The significant shift in the resonant frequency implies that careful consideration of surface roughness from fabrication processes must be done when designing energy harvesters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20reactive%20ion%20etching" title="deep reactive ion etching">deep reactive ion etching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microelectromechanical%20systems" title=" microelectromechanical systems"> microelectromechanical systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiphysics%20analysis" title=" multiphysics analysis"> multiphysics analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrational%20energy%20harvester" title=" vibrational energy harvester"> vibrational energy harvester</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115941/effects-of-surface-roughness-on-a-unimorph-piezoelectric-micro-electro-mechanical-systems-vibrational-energy-harvester-using-finite-element-method-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Measurement of Solids Concentration in Hydrocyclone Using ERT: Validation Against CFD</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vakamalla%20Teja%20Reddy">Vakamalla Teja Reddy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narasimha%20Mangadoddy"> Narasimha Mangadoddy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrocyclones are used to separate particles into different size fractions in the mineral processing, chemical and metallurgical industries. High speed video imaging, Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA), X-ray and Gamma ray tomography are previously used to measure the two-phase flow characteristics in the cyclone. However, investigation of solids flow characteristics inside the cyclone is often impeded by the nature of the process due to slurry opaqueness and solid metal wall vessels. In this work, a dual-plane high speed Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) is used to measure hydrocyclone internal flow dynamics in situ. Experiments are carried out in 3 inch hydrocyclone for feed solid concentrations varying in the range of 0-50%. ERT data analysis through the optimized FEM mesh size and reconstruction algorithms on air-core and solid concentration tomograms is assessed. Results are presented in terms of the air-core diameter and solids volume fraction contours using Maxwell’s equation for various hydrocyclone operational parameters. It is confirmed by ERT that the air core occupied area and wall solids conductivity levels decreases with increasing the feed solids concentration. Algebraic slip mixture based multi-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is used to predict the air-core size and the solid concentrations in the hydrocyclone. Validation of air-core size and mean solid volume fractions by ERT measurements with the CFD simulations is attempted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air-core" title="air-core">air-core</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20resistance%20tomography" title=" electrical resistance tomography"> electrical resistance tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrocyclone" title=" hydrocyclone"> hydrocyclone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-phase%20CFD" title=" multi-phase CFD"> multi-phase CFD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12003/measurement-of-solids-concentration-in-hydrocyclone-using-ert-validation-against-cfd" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Acoustic Modeling of a Data Center with a Hot Aisle Containment System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arshad%20Alfoqaha">Arshad Alfoqaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seth%20Bard"> Seth Bard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dustin%20Demetriou"> Dustin Demetriou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new multi-physics acoustic modeling approach using ANSYS Mechanical FEA and FLUENT CFD methods is developed for modeling servers mounted to racks, such as IBM Z and IBM Power Systems, in data centers. This new approach allows users to determine the thermal and acoustic conditions that people are exposed to within the data center. The sound pressure level (SPL) exposure for a human working inside a hot aisle containment system inside the data center is studied. The SPL is analyzed at the noise source, at the human body, on the rack walls, on the containment walls, and on the ceiling and flooring plenum walls. In the acoustic CFD simulation, it is assumed that a four-inch diameter sphere with monopole acoustic radiation, placed in the middle of each rack, provides a single-source representation of all noise sources within the rack. Ffowcs Williams & Hawkings (FWH) acoustic model is employed. The target frequency is 1000 Hz, and the total simulation time for the transient analysis is 1.4 seconds, with a very small time step of 3e-5 seconds and 10 iterations to ensure convergence and accuracy. A User Defined Function (UDF) is developed to accurately simulate the acoustic noise source, and a Dynamic Mesh is applied to ensure acoustic wave propagation. Initial validation of the acoustic CFD simulation using a closed-form solution for the spherical propagation of an acoustic point source is performed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20centers" title="data centers">data centers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FLUENT" title=" FLUENT"> FLUENT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustics" title=" acoustics"> acoustics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sound%20pressure%20level" title=" sound pressure level"> sound pressure level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPL" title=" SPL"> SPL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20aisle%20containment" title=" hot aisle containment"> hot aisle containment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IBM" title=" IBM"> IBM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141377/acoustic-modeling-of-a-data-center-with-a-hot-aisle-containment-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Estimation of Twist Loss in the Weft Yarn during Air-Jet Weft Insertion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Umair">Muhammad Umair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasir%20Nawab"> Yasir Nawab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khubab%20Shaker"> Khubab Shaker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Maqsood"> Muhammad Maqsood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeel%20Zulfiqar"> Adeel Zulfiqar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danish%20Mahmood%20Baitab"> Danish Mahmood Baitab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fabric is a flexible woven material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibers often referred to as thread or yarn. Today fabrics are produced by weaving, braiding, knitting, tufting and non-woven. Weaving is a method of fabric production in which warp and weft yarns are interlaced perpendicular to each other. There is infinite number of ways for the interlacing of warp and weft yarn. Each way produces a different fabric structure. The yarns parallel to the machine direction are called warp yarns and the yarns perpendicular to the machine direction are called weft or filling yarns. Air jet weaving is the modern method of weft insertion and considered as high speed loom. The twist loss in air jet during weft insertion affects the strength. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of twist change in weft yarn during air-jet weft insertion. A total number of 8 samples were produced using 1/1 plain and 3/1 twill weave design with two fabric widths having same loom settings. Two different types of yarns like cotton and PC blend were used. The effect of material type, weave design and fabric width on twist change of weft yarn was measured and discussed. Twist change in the different types of weft yarn and weave design was measured and compared the twist change in the weft yarn with the yarn before weft yarn insertion and twist loss is measured. Wider fabric leads to higher twist loss in the yarn. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20jet%20loom" title="air jet loom">air jet loom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twist%20per%20inch" title=" twist per inch"> twist per inch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twist%20loss" title=" twist loss"> twist loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weft%20yarn" title=" weft yarn"> weft yarn</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10924/estimation-of-twist-loss-in-the-weft-yarn-during-air-jet-weft-insertion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul 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