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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pelvic splanchnic nerves</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:lemonchiffon">Pelvic splanchnic nerves</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">From</th><td class="infobox-data">S2-S4</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>nervi splanchnici pelvici<br />nervi erigentes</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_neuroanatomy" title="Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy">Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7161807" class="extiw" title="d:Q7161807">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pelvic splanchnic nerves</b> or <b>nervi erigentes</b> are <a href="/wiki/Splanchnic_nerves" title="Splanchnic nerves">splanchnic nerves</a> that arise from <a href="/wiki/Spinal_nerve#Sacral_nerves" title="Spinal nerve">sacral</a> <a href="/wiki/Spinal_nerve" title="Spinal nerve">spinal nerves</a> <a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_2" title="Sacral spinal nerve 2">S2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_3" title="Sacral spinal nerve 3">S3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_4" title="Sacral spinal nerve 4">S4</a> to provide <a href="/wiki/Parasympathetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasympathetic">parasympathetic</a> innervation to the organs of the <a href="/wiki/Pelvic_cavity" title="Pelvic cavity">pelvic cavity</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelvic_splanchnic_nerves&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pelvic splanchnic nerves arise from the <a href="/wiki/Anterior_ramus_of_spinal_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior ramus of spinal nerve">anterior rami</a> of the sacral <a href="/wiki/Spinal_nerve" title="Spinal nerve">spinal nerves</a> <a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_2" title="Sacral spinal nerve 2">S2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_3" title="Sacral spinal nerve 3">S3</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sacral_spinal_nerve_4" title="Sacral spinal nerve 4">S4</a>, and enter the <a href="/wiki/Sacral_plexus" title="Sacral plexus">sacral plexus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They travel to their side's corresponding <a href="/wiki/Inferior_hypogastric_plexus" title="Inferior hypogastric plexus">inferior hypogastric plexus</a>, located bilaterally on the walls of the rectum.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They contain both <a href="/wiki/Preganglionic" class="mw-redirect" title="Preganglionic">preganglionic</a> parasympathetic fibers as well as visceral afferent fibers.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Visceral afferent fibers go to spinal cord following pathway of pelvic splanchnic nerve fibers. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Parasympathetic_nervous_system" title="Parasympathetic nervous system">parasympathetic nervous system</a> is referred to as the <i>craniosacral outflow</i>; the pelvic splanchnic nerves are the <i>sacral</i> component. They are in the same region as the <a href="/wiki/Sacral_splanchnic_nerves" title="Sacral splanchnic nerves">sacral splanchnic nerves</a>, which arise from the <a href="/wiki/Sympathetic_trunk" title="Sympathetic trunk">sympathetic trunk</a> and provide sympathetic efferent fibers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelvic_splanchnic_nerves&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pelvic splanchnic nerves contribute to the innervation of the <a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">pelvic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genital" class="mw-redirect" title="Genital">genital</a> organs.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nerves regulate the emptying of the <a href="/wiki/Urinary_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary bladder">urinary bladder</a>, control opening and closing of the <a href="/wiki/Internal_urethral_sphincter" title="Internal urethral sphincter">internal urethral sphincter</a>, influence motility in the <a href="/wiki/Rectum" title="Rectum">rectum</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">sexual</a> functions like <a href="/wiki/Erection" title="Erection">erection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, and through the sigmoid and rectum, and the <a href="/wiki/Cervix" title="Cervix">cervix</a> in females, the pelvic splanchnic nerves supply parasympathetic function, including transmitting the sensation of pain.<sup id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proximal 2/3 of the <a href="/wiki/Transverse_colon" title="Transverse colon">transverse colon</a>, and the rest of the proximal <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">gastrointestinal tract</a> is supplied its parasympathetic fibers by the <a href="/wiki/Vagus_nerve" title="Vagus nerve">vagus nerve</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelvic_splanchnic_nerves&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Damage to the sacral spinal nerve roots can cause <a href="/wiki/Neurogenic_bladder_dysfunction" title="Neurogenic bladder dysfunction">neurogenic bladder dysfunction</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Fecal_incontinence" title="Fecal incontinence">fecal incontinence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelvic_splanchnic_nerves&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pelvic splanchnic nerves are featured as a key plot point in "<a href="/wiki/Parasites_Lost" title="Parasites Lost">Parasites Lost</a>", a 2001 episode of the American animated TV comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Futurama" title="Futurama">Futurama</a></i>; when protagonist <a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Fry" title="Philip J. Fry">Philip J. Fry</a> is infected with <a href="/wiki/Parasitic_worm" title="Parasitic worm">parasitic worms</a>, the rest of the crew use micro-droids to enter his body with the intention of <a href="/wiki/Tickling" title="Tickling">tickling</a> the pelvic splanchnic <a href="/wiki/Ganglion" title="Ganglion">ganglion</a> to trigger a convulsive <a href="/wiki/Bowel_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowel movement">bowel movement</a> that they believe will expel the <a href="/wiki/Worm" title="Worm">worms</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelvic_splanchnic_nerves&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacral_splanchnic_nerves" title="Sacral splanchnic nerves">Sacral splanchnic nerves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coccygeal_plexus" title="Coccygeal plexus">Coccygeal plexus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelvic_splanchnic_nerves&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GRAYS2005-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GRAYS2005_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GRAYS2005_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GRAYS2005_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDrakeVogl,_WayneTibbitts,_Adam_W.M._Mitchellillustrations_by_Richard2005" class="citation book cs1">Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). <i>Gray's anatomy for students</i>. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. p. 423. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8089-2306-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8089-2306-0"><bdi>978-0-8089-2306-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gray%27s+anatomy+for+students&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=423&rft.pub=Elsevier%2FChurchill+Livingstone&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8089-2306-0&rft.aulast=Drake&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rft.au=Vogl%2C+Wayne&rft.au=Tibbitts%2C+Adam+W.M.+Mitchell&rft.au=illustrations+by+Richard&rft.au=Richardson%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APelvic+splanchnic+nerves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOakesRocque2015" class="citation cs2">Oakes, W. Jerry; Rocque, Brandon G. (2015-01-01), Tubbs, R. Shane; Rizk, Elias; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Loukas, Marios (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128026533000749">"Chapter 25 - Dorsal Rhizotomy for Spasticity"</a>, <i>Nerves and Nerve Injuries</i>, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 383–391, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-802653-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-802653-3"><bdi>978-0-12-802653-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-06</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nerves+and+Nerve+Injuries&rft.atitle=Chapter+25+-+Dorsal+Rhizotomy+for+Spasticity&rft.pages=383-391&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-12-802653-3&rft.aulast=Oakes&rft.aufirst=W.+Jerry&rft.au=Rocque%2C+Brandon+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780128026533000749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APelvic+splanchnic+nerves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBharuchaKlingele2005" class="citation cs2">Bharucha, ADIL E.; Klingele, CHRISTOPHER J. (2005-01-01), Dyck, Peter J.; Thomas, P. K. (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780721694917500168">"Chapter 13 - Autonomic and Somatic Systems to the Anorectum and Pelvic Floor"</a>, <i>Peripheral Neuropathy (Fourth Edition)</i>, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 279–298, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7216-9491-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7216-9491-7"><bdi>978-0-7216-9491-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-06</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Peripheral+Neuropathy+%28Fourth+Edition%29&rft.atitle=Chapter+13+-+Autonomic+and+Somatic+Systems+to+the+Anorectum+and+Pelvic+Floor&rft.pages=279-298&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7216-9491-7&rft.aulast=Bharucha&rft.aufirst=ADIL+E.&rft.au=Klingele%2C+CHRISTOPHER+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780721694917500168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APelvic+splanchnic+nerves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelvic_splanchnic_nerves&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/labs/l43/150107.htm">Anatomy photo:43:15-0107</a> at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/anatomy2010/html/modules/autonomics_abdomen_module/abdomen_07.html">Autonomics of the Abdomen - Page 7 of 16</a> anatomy module at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">med.umich.edu</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/figures/chapter_32/32-6.HTM">figures/chapter_32/32-6.HTM</a>: Basic Human Anatomy at Dartmouth Medical School</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wesnorman.com/pelvis.htm">pelvis</a> at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wesnorman.com/Images/pelvicnerves.jpg">pelvicnerves</a></i>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Anatomy_of_the_autonomic_nervous_system" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Autonomic_nervous_system" title="Template:Autonomic nervous system"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Autonomic_nervous_system" title="Template talk:Autonomic nervous system"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Autonomic_nervous_system" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Autonomic nervous system"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anatomy_of_the_autonomic_nervous_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Anatomy of the <a href="/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system" title="Autonomic nervous system">autonomic nervous system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_head" title="Human head">Head</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sympathetic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_ganglia" title="Cervical ganglia">Cervical ganglia</a>: <i>roots</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_ciliary_nerves" title="Long ciliary nerves">long ciliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_petrosal_nerve" title="Deep petrosal nerve">Deep petrosal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parasympathetic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_ganglion" title="Ciliary ganglion">Ciliary ganglion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roots_of_the_ciliary_ganglion" title="Roots of the ciliary ganglion">Roots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_ciliary_nerves" title="Short ciliary nerves">Short ciliary</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pterygopalatine_ganglion" title="Pterygopalatine ganglion">Pterygopalatine ganglion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_petrosal_nerve" title="Deep petrosal nerve">deep petrosal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_of_pterygoid_canal" title="Nerve of pterygoid canal">nerve of pterygoid canal</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>branches of distribution:</i> <a href="/wiki/Greater_palatine_nerve" title="Greater palatine nerve">greater palatine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_posterior_nasal_branches_of_greater_palatine_nerve" title="Inferior posterior nasal branches of greater palatine nerve">inferior posterior nasal branches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_palatine_nerve" title="Lesser palatine nerve">lesser palatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasopalatine_nerve" title="Nasopalatine nerve">nasopalatine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medial_superior_posterior_nasal_branches_of_maxillary_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Medial superior posterior nasal branches of maxillary nerve">medial superior posterior nasal branches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_nerve" title="Pharyngeal nerve">pharyngeal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Submandibular_ganglion" title="Submandibular ganglion">Submandibular ganglion</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otic_ganglion" title="Otic ganglion">Otic ganglion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">Neck</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sympathetic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sympathetic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paravertebral_ganglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paravertebral ganglia">paravertebral ganglia</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cervical_ganglia" title="Cervical ganglia">Cervical ganglia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_cervical_ganglion" title="Superior cervical ganglion">Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_cervical_ganglion" title="Middle cervical ganglion">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_cervical_ganglion" title="Inferior cervical ganglion">Inferior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellate_ganglion" title="Stellate ganglion">Stellate ganglion</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prevertebral_plexus" title="Prevertebral plexus">prevertebral plexus</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cavernous_nerve_plexus" title="Cavernous nerve plexus">Cavernous plexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_carotid_plexus" title="Internal carotid plexus">Internal carotid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">Thorax</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sympathetic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sympathetic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paravertebral_ganglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paravertebral ganglia">paravertebral ganglia</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_ganglia" title="Thoracic ganglia">Thoracic ganglia</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prevertebral_plexus" title="Prevertebral plexus">prevertebral plexus</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_plexus" title="Cardiac plexus">Cardiac plexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophageal_plexus" title="Esophageal plexus">Esophageal plexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_plexus" title="Pulmonary plexus">Pulmonary plexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_aortic_plexus" title="Thoracic aortic plexus">Thoracic aortic plexus</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Splanchnic_nerves" title="Splanchnic nerves">splanchnic nerves</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cardiopulmonary_nerves" title="Cardiopulmonary nerves">cardiopulmonary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_splanchnic_nerves" title="Thoracic splanchnic nerves">thoracic</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>cardiac nerves:</i> <a href="/wiki/Superior_cardiac_nerve" title="Superior cardiac nerve">Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_cardiac_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle cardiac nerve">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_cardiac_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior cardiac nerve">Inferior</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_abdomen" class="mw-redirect" title="Human abdomen">Abdomen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sympathetic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paravertebral_ganglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paravertebral ganglia">paravertebral ganglia</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_ganglia" title="Lumbar ganglia">Lumbar ganglia</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prevertebral_ganglia" title="Prevertebral ganglia">prevertebral ganglia</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celiac_ganglia" title="Celiac ganglia">Celiac ganglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aorticorenal_ganglion" title="Aorticorenal ganglion">Aorticorenal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_mesenteric_ganglion" title="Superior mesenteric ganglion">Superior mesenteric ganglion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_mesenteric_ganglion" title="Inferior mesenteric ganglion">Inferior mesenteric ganglion</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prevertebral_plexus" title="Prevertebral plexus">prevertebral plexus</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celiac_plexus" title="Celiac plexus">Celiac plexus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepatic_plexus" title="Hepatic plexus">Hepatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splenic_plexus" title="Splenic plexus">Splenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_plexus" title="Pancreatic plexus">Pancreatic</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>aorticorenal</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdominal_aortic_plexus" title="Abdominal aortic plexus">Abdominal aortic plexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renal_plexus" title="Renal plexus">Renal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Suprarenal_plexus" title="Suprarenal plexus">Suprarenal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_mesenteric_plexus" title="Superior mesenteric plexus">Superior mesenteric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_plexuses" title="Gastric plexuses">Gastric</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_mesenteric_plexus" title="Inferior mesenteric plexus">Inferior mesenteric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spermatic_plexus" title="Spermatic plexus">Spermatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovarian_plexus" title="Ovarian plexus">Ovarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_hypogastric_plexus" title="Superior hypogastric plexus">Superior hypogastric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypogastric_nerve" title="Hypogastric nerve">hypogastric nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_rectal_plexus" title="Superior rectal plexus">Superior rectal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_hypogastric_plexus" title="Inferior hypogastric plexus">Inferior hypogastric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vesical_nervous_plexus" title="Vesical nervous plexus">Vesical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostatic_plexus_(nervous)" title="Prostatic plexus (nervous)">Prostatic</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cavernous_nerves_of_penis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavernous nerves of penis">Cavernous nerves of penis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uterovaginal_plexus_(nerves)" title="Uterovaginal plexus (nerves)">Uterovaginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_rectal_plexus" title="Middle rectal plexus">Middle rectal</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Splanchnic_nerves" title="Splanchnic nerves">splanchnic nerves</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_splanchnic_nerves" title="Lumbar splanchnic nerves">Lumbar splanchnic nerves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enteric_nervous_system" title="Enteric nervous system">Enteric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Submucous_plexus" class="mw-redirect" title="Submucous plexus">Submucous plexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myenteric_plexus" title="Myenteric plexus">Myenteric plexus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_pelvis" class="mw-redirect" title="Human pelvis">Pelvis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sympathetic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paravertebral_ganglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paravertebral ganglia">paravertebral ganglia</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Sacral_ganglia" title="Sacral ganglia">Sacral ganglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganglion_impar" title="Ganglion impar">Ganglion impar</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Splanchnic_nerves" title="Splanchnic nerves">splanchnic nerves</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Sacral_splanchnic_nerves" title="Sacral splanchnic nerves">Sacral splanchnic nerves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parasympathetic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Splanchnic_nerves" title="Splanchnic nerves">splanchnic nerves</a>:</i> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pelvic splanchnic nerves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a 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