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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Chemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pastry_chefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pastry_chefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pastry chefs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pastry_chefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pastry</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="معجنات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معجنات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AE%D6%84" title="Թխուածք – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թխուածք" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reposter%C3%ADa" title="Repostería – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Repostería" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eirniyyat" title="Şirniyyat – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şirniyyat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="সেঁকা ময়দার সুখাদ্য – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সেঁকা ময়দার সুখাদ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Ҡамыр аштары – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡамыр аштары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Выпечка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Выпечка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Тестено изделие – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тестено изделие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebosteria" title="Rebosteria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rebosteria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%95%C3%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%C4%95%D0%BC" title="Пĕçерĕм – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пĕçерĕм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C4%8Divo" title="Pečivo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pečivo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crwst" title="Crwst – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Crwst" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagv%C3%A6rk" title="Bagværk – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bagværk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geb%C3%A4ck" title="Gebäck – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gebäck" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCpsetis" title="Küpsetis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Küpsetis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Αρτοσκευάσματα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρτοσκευάσματα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confiteria" title="Confiteria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Confiteria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baka%C4%B5o" title="Bakaĵo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bakaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gozogintza" title="Gozogintza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gozogintza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="شیرینی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیرینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A2tisserie" title="Pâtisserie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pâtisserie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taosr%C3%A1n" title="Taosrán – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Taosrán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastra" title="Pastra – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pastra" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repostar%C3%ADa" title="Repostaría – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Repostaría" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC" title="페이스트리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페이스트리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%AD%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D6%84" title="Թխվածք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թխվածք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="पेस्ट्री – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पेस्ट्री" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastri" title="Pastri – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pastri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasticceria" title="Pasticceria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pasticceria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מגדנאות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מגדנאות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastry" title="Pastry – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pastry" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF" title="ಪೇಸ್ಟ್ರಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೇಸ್ಟ್ರಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83" title="Нан бышыруу – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нан бышыруу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A2tisserie" title="Pâtisserie – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Pâtisserie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepinys" title="Kepinys – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kepinys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9ks%C3%BCtem%C3%A9ny" title="Péksütemény – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Péksütemény" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Печиво – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Печиво" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="पेस्ट्री – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पेस्ट्री" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C" title="شرنی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شرنی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastri" title="Pastri – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pastri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebak" title="Gebak – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gebak" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="ペイストリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペイストリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakverk" title="Bakverk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bakverk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakverk" title="Bakverk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bakverk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieczywo" title="Pieczywo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pieczywo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastelaria" title="Pastelaria – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pastelaria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patiserie" title="Patiserie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Patiserie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Выпечка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Выпечка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofelleria" title="Ofelleria – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ofelleria" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastry" title="Pastry – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pastry" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Пециво – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пециво" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pecivo" title="Pecivo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pecivo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leivonnainen" title="Leivonnainen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Leivonnainen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakverk" title="Bakverk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bakverk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastelerya" title="Pastelerya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pastelerya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A" title="ขนมอบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ขนมอบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamur_i%C5%9Fi" title="Hamur işi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hamur işi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Випічка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Випічка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastry" title="Pastry – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pastry" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCds%C3%BCs" title="Küdsüs – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Küdsüs" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pastries" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Pastry" hreflang="en"><span>Wikibooks</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q477248" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Various baked products made of dough</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the food. For the distributed hash table system, see <a href="/wiki/Pastry_(DHT)" title="Pastry (DHT)">Pastry (DHT)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Pastries</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Philippe_-_Pastries.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Jean_Philippe_-_Pastries.jpg/250px-Jean_Philippe_-_Pastries.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Jean_Philippe_-_Pastries.jpg/375px-Jean_Philippe_-_Pastries.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Jean_Philippe_-_Pastries.jpg/500px-Jean_Philippe_-_Pastries.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Different kind of pastries in display</div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient">Often <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lard" title="Lard">lard</a> or <a href="/wiki/Shortening" title="Shortening">shortening</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baking_powder" title="Baking powder">baking powder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egg_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg (food)">eggs</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Pastry" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Pastry">Cookbook: Pastries</a></li><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pastries" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pastries">Media: Pastries</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pastry</b> refers to a variety of <a href="/wiki/Dough" title="Dough">doughs</a> (often enriched with fat or eggs), as well as the sweet and savoury <a href="/wiki/Baking" title="Baking">baked</a> goods made from them.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These goods are often called <b>pastries</b> as a <a href="/wiki/Synecdoche" title="Synecdoche">synecdoche</a>, and the dough may be accordingly called <b>pastry dough</b> for clarity.<sup id="cite_ref-OED_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sweetened pastries are often described as <i><a href="/wiki/Flour_confections" class="mw-redirect" title="Flour confections">bakers' confectionery</a></i>. Common pastry dishes include <a href="/wiki/Pie" title="Pie">pies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarts" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarts">tarts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quiche" title="Quiche">quiches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croissant" title="Croissant">croissants</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pasty" title="Pasty">pasties</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French word <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2tisserie" title="Pâtisserie">pâtisserie</a> is also used in English (with or without the accent) for many of the same foods, as well as the set of techniques used to make them. Originally, the French word <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">pastisserie</i></span> referred to anything, such as a meat pie, made in dough (<i>paste</i>, later <i>pâte</i>) and not typically a luxurious or sweet product.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This meaning still persisted in the nineteenth century, though by then the term more often referred to the sweet and often ornate confections implied today. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions">Definitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pastry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The precise definition of the term pastry varies based on location and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Common doughs used to make pastries include <a href="/wiki/Filo" title="Filo">filo dough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puff_pastry" title="Puff pastry">puff pastry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Choux_pastry" title="Choux pastry">choux pastry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shortcrust_pastry" title="Shortcrust pastry">short dough</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2te_bris%C3%A9e" title="Pâte brisée">pâte brisée</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Shortcrust_pastry" title="Shortcrust pastry">pâte sucrée</a></i>, and other enriched doughs.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pastries tend to have a delicate texture, often flaky or crumbly, and rich flavor<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—simple <a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">breads</a> are thus excluded from the pastry category. Pastries also tend to be baked.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lille_Meert2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lille_Meert2.JPG/220px-Lille_Meert2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lille_Meert2.JPG/330px-Lille_Meert2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lille_Meert2.JPG/440px-Lille_Meert2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="2376" /></a><figcaption>A French pastry shop display</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pastry_chef_ferguson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Pastry_chef_ferguson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="174" /></a><figcaption>Pastry chef with <a href="/wiki/Croquembouche" title="Croquembouche">croquembouche</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BULLAR_CRYSTAL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/BULLAR_CRYSTAL.jpg/220px-BULLAR_CRYSTAL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/BULLAR_CRYSTAL.jpg/330px-BULLAR_CRYSTAL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/BULLAR_CRYSTAL.jpg/440px-BULLAR_CRYSTAL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2362" /></a><figcaption>Swedish <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_roll" title="Cinnamon roll">cinnamon rolls</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Croissant_hk_DIY.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Croissant_hk_DIY.jpg/220px-Croissant_hk_DIY.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Croissant_hk_DIY.jpg/330px-Croissant_hk_DIY.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Croissant_hk_DIY.jpg/440px-Croissant_hk_DIY.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Croissant" title="Croissant">Croissants</a></figcaption></figure> <dl><dt></dt> <dt><a href="/wiki/Pastry_bag" title="Pastry bag">Pastry bag</a> or piping bag</dt> <dd>A disposable or reusable bag that is often cone-shaped, used to make an even stream of dough, <a href="/wiki/Icing_(food)" title="Icing (food)">frosting</a>, or flavored substance to form a structure, decorate a baked item, or fill a pastry with a custard, cream, <a href="/wiki/Fruit_preserves" title="Fruit preserves">jelly</a>, or other filling.</dd> <dt>Pastry board</dt> <dd>A square or oblong board, preferably marble but usually wood, on which pastry is flattened.</dd> <dt>Pastry brake</dt> <dd>Opposed and counter-rotating rollers with a variable gap through which pastry can be worked and reduced in thickness for commercial production. A small version is used domestically for <a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">pasta</a> production.</dd> <dt>Pastry case</dt> <dd>An uncooked or blind baked pastry container that is used to hold savory or sweet mixtures.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Pastry_cream" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastry cream">Pastry cream</a></dt> <dd>Confectioner's custard. An egg- and flour-thickened custard made with sweetened milk flavored with vanilla. It is traditionally used as a filling for flans, cakes, pastries, tarts, etc. The flour prevents the egg from curdling.</dd> <dt>Pastry cutters</dt> <dd>Various metal or plastic outlines of shapes, <i>e.g.</i> circles, fluted circles, diamonds, gingerbread men, etc., sharpened on one or both sides and used to cut out corresponding shapes from biscuit, scone, pastry, or cake mixtures.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Pastry_blender" title="Pastry blender">Pastry blender</a></dt> <dd>A kitchen implement used to chop the fat into the flour, which prevents the melting of the fat with body heat from fingers, and improves control of the size of the fat chunks. Usually constructed of wire or plastic, with multiple wires or small blades connected to a handle.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Viennoiserie" title="Viennoiserie">Viennoiserie</a></dt> <dd>French term for "Viennese pastry", which, although it technically should be yeast raised,<sup id="cite_ref-Gisslen2012_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gisslen2012-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is now commonly used as a term for many <a href="/wiki/Laminated_dough" title="Laminated dough">laminated</a> and puff- and choux-based pastries, including <i><a href="/wiki/Croissants" class="mw-redirect" title="Croissants">croissants</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Brioche" title="Brioche">brioche</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Pain_au_chocolat" title="Pain au chocolat">pain au chocolat</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-Applefield2010_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Applefield2010-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pastry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baklava_S.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Baklava_S.jpg/220px-Baklava_S.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Baklava_S.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="187" /></a><figcaption>A typical Mediterranean <a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">baklava</a>, a phyllo dough pastry sweetened with nuts and honey</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piroshki.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Piroshki.JPG/220px-Piroshki.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Piroshki.JPG/330px-Piroshki.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Piroshki.JPG/440px-Piroshki.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3680" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Russian <a href="/wiki/Pirozhki" title="Pirozhki">pirozhki</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The European tradition of pastry-making is often traced back to the shortcrust era of flaky doughs that were in use throughout the Mediterranean in ancient times. In the ancient Mediterranean, the Romans, Greeks, and Phoenicians all had filo-style pastries in their culinary traditions. In the plays of <a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a>, written in the 5th century BC, there is mention of sweetmeats, including small pastries filled with fruit. <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_cuisine" title="Ancient Roman cuisine">Roman cuisine</a> used flour, oil, and water to make pastries that were used to cover meats and <a href="/wiki/Fowl" title="Fowl">fowls</a> during baking in order to keep in the juices, but the pastry was not meant to be eaten. A pastry that was meant to be eaten was a richer pastry that was made into small pastries containing eggs or little birds and that were often served at banquets. Greeks and Romans both struggled in making a good pastry because they used oil in the cooking process, and oil causes the pastry to lose its stiffness.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_cuisine" title="Medieval cuisine">medieval cuisine</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a>, pastry chefs were able to produce nice, stiff pastries because they cooked with shortening and butter. Some incomplete lists of ingredients have been found in medieval cookbooks, but no full, detailed versions. There were stiff, empty pastries called coffins or '<a href="/wiki/Huff_paste" title="Huff paste">huff paste</a>', that were eaten by servants only and included an <a href="/wiki/Egg_yolk" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg yolk">egg yolk</a> glaze to help make them more enjoyable to consume. Medieval pastries also included small tarts to add richness. </p><p>It was not until about the mid-16th century that actual pastry recipes began appearing.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1999_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1999-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These recipes were adopted and adapted over time in various European countries, resulting in the myriad pastry traditions known to the region, from Portuguese "<a href="/wiki/Pastel_de_nata" title="Pastel de nata">pastéis de nata</a>" in the west to Russian "<a href="/wiki/Pirozhki" title="Pirozhki">pirozhki</a>" in the east. The use of chocolate in pastry-making in the west, so commonplace today, arose only after Spanish and Portuguese traders brought chocolate to Europe from the New World starting in the 16th century. Many culinary historians consider French pastry chef <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Car%C3%AAme" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonin Carême">Antonin Carême</a> (1784–1833) to have been the first great master of pastry making in modern times. </p><p>Pastry-making has a strong tradition in many parts of Asia. <a href="/wiki/Chinese_pastry" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese pastry">Chinese pastry</a> is made from rice, or different types of flour, with fruit, <a href="/wiki/Sweet_bean_paste" title="Sweet bean paste">sweet bean paste</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">sesame</a>-based fillings. The <a href="/wiki/Mooncakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mooncakes">mooncakes</a> are part of Chinese <a href="/wiki/Mid_Autumn_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid Autumn Festival">Mid Autumn Festival</a> traditions, while <a href="/wiki/Cha_siu_bao" title="Cha siu bao">cha siu bao</a>, steamed or baked pork buns, are a regular savory <a href="/wiki/Dim_sum" title="Dim sum">dim sum</a> menu item. In the 19th century, the British brought western-style pastry to the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>, though it would be the French-influenced <a href="/wiki/Maxim%27s_Caterers_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxim's Caterers Limited">Maxim</a> in the 1950s that made western pastry popular in Chinese-speaking regions starting with <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>. The term "western cake" (西餅) is used to refer to western pastry, otherwise Chinese pastry is assumed. Other Asian countries such as Korea prepare traditional pastry-confections such as <a href="/wiki/Tteok" title="Tteok">tteok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hangwa" title="Hangwa">hangwa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yaksik" title="Yaksik">yaksik</a> with flour, rice, fruits, and regional specific ingredients to make unique desserts. Japan also has specialized pastry-confections better known as <a href="/wiki/Mochi" title="Mochi">mochi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manj%C5%AB" title="Manjū">manjū</a>. Pastry-confections that originate in Asia are clearly distinct from those that originate in the west, which are generally much sweeter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pastry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_pastries" title="List of pastries">List of pastries</a></div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Shortcrust_pastry" title="Shortcrust pastry">Shortcrust pastry</a></dt> <dd>Shortcrust pastry is the simplest and most common pastry. It is made with flour, fat, butter, salt, and water to bind the dough.<sup id="cite_ref-Kitchen2008_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kitchen2008-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Pâte brisée</i> is the French version of classic pie or tart shortcrust pastry.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The process of making pastry includes mixing of the fat and flour, adding water, chilling and then rolling out the dough. Chilling before rolling is essential since it enables the fat (lard, butter, etc.) to harden again and thus create flaky layers in the dough. It also allows for even hydration and inhibits gluten formation. It results in a tender flaky pastry.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>:The fat is mixed with the flour first, generally by rubbing with fingers or a <a href="/wiki/Pastry_blender" title="Pastry blender">pastry blender</a>, which inhibits <a href="/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten">gluten</a> formation by coating the gluten strands in fat and results in a short (as in crumbly; hence the term shortcrust), tender pastry.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A related type is the sweetened <a href="/wiki/Shortcrust_pastry#Sweet" title="Shortcrust pastry">sweetcrust pastry</a>, also known as <i>pâte sucrée</i>, in which sugar and egg yolks have been added (rather than water) to bind the pastry.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Flaky_pastry" title="Flaky pastry">Flaky pastry</a></dt> <dd>Flaky pastry is a simple pastry that expands when cooked due to the number of layers. It bakes into a crisp, buttery pastry. The "puff" is obtained by the shard-like layers of fat, most often butter or shortening, creating layers which expand in the heat of the oven when baked.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Puff_pastry" title="Puff pastry">Puff pastry</a></dt> <dd>Puff pastry has many layers that cause it to expand or "puff" when baked. Puff pastry is made using a <a href="/wiki/Laminated_dough" title="Laminated dough">laminated dough</a> consisting of flour, butter, salt, and water. The pastry rises up due to the water and fats expanding as they turn into steam upon heating.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Puff pastry come out of the oven light, flaky, and tender.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Choux_pastry" title="Choux pastry">Choux pastry</a></dt> <dd>Choux pastry is a very light pastry that is often filled with <a href="/wiki/Cream" title="Cream">cream</a>. Unlike other types of pastry, choux is in fact closer to a dough before being cooked which gives it the ability to be piped into various shapes such as the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89clair_(pastry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Éclair (pastry)">éclair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Profiterole" title="Profiterole">profiterole</a>. Its name originates from the French <i>choux</i>, meaning <a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbage</a>, owing to its rough cabbage-like shape after cooking.<sup id="cite_ref-Suas2009_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suas2009-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>Choux begins as a mixture of milk or water and butter which are heated together until the butter melts, to which flour is added to form a dough. Eggs are then beaten into the dough to further enrich it. This high percentage of water causes the pastry to expand into a light, hollow pastry. Initially, the water in the dough turns to steam in the oven and causes the pastry to rise; then the starch in the flour <a href="/wiki/Starch_gelatinization" title="Starch gelatinization">gelatinizes</a>, thereby solidifying the pastry.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the choux dough has expanded, it is taken out of the oven; a hole is made in it to let out the steam. The pastry is then placed back in the oven to dry out and become crisp. The pastry is filled with various flavors of cream and is often topped with <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a>. Choux pastries can also be filled with ingredients such as cheese, tuna, or chicken to be used as appetizers.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Phyllo" class="mw-redirect" title="Phyllo">Phyllo</a> (Filo)</dt> <dd>Phyllo is a paper-thin pastry dough that is used in many layers. The phyllo is generally wrapped around a filling and brushed with butter before baking. These pastries are very delicate and flaky.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Hot_water_crust_pastry" title="Hot water crust pastry">Hot water crust pastry</a></dt> <dd>Hot water crust pastry is used for <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/savory" class="extiw" title="wikt:savory">savoury</a> <a href="/wiki/Pie" title="Pie">pies</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Pork_pie" title="Pork pie">pork pies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Game_pie" title="Game pie">game pies</a> and, more rarely, <a href="/wiki/Steak_and_kidney_pie" title="Steak and kidney pie">steak and kidney pies</a>. Hot water crust is traditionally used for making hand-raised pies. The usual ingredients are hot water, <a href="/wiki/Lard" title="Lard">lard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a>. The pastry is made by heating water into which the fat is then melted, before bringing to the boil, and finally mixing with the flour. It can be done by beating the flour into the mixture in the pan, or by <a href="/wiki/Kneading" title="Kneading">kneading</a> on a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pastry_board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pastry board (page does not exist)">pastry board</a>. Either way, the result is a hot and rather sticky paste that can be used for hand-raising: shaping by hand, sometimes using a dish or bowl as an inner mould. As the crust cools, its shape is largely retained, and it is filled and covered with a crust, ready for baking. Hand-raised hot water crust pastry does not produce a neat and uniform finish, as there will be sagging during the cooking of the filled pie, which is generally accepted as the mark of a hand-made pie.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pastry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Different kinds of pastry doughs are made by utilizing the natural characteristics of wheat flour and certain fats. When wheat flour is mixed with water and kneaded into plain dough, it develops strands of gluten, which are what make bread tough and elastic. In a typical pastry, however, this toughness is unwanted, so fat or oil is added to slow down the development of gluten. Pastry flour can also be used, since it typically has a lower level of protein than all-purpose or bread flours.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lard" title="Lard">Lard</a> or <a href="/wiki/Suet" title="Suet">suet</a> work well because they have a coarse, crystalline structure that is very effective. Using unclarified butter does not work well because of its water content; <a href="/wiki/Clarified_butter" title="Clarified butter">clarified butter</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee">ghee</a>, which is virtually water-free, is better, but shortcrust pastry using only butter may develop an inferior texture. If the fat is melted with hot water or if liquid oil is used, the thin oily layer between the grains offers less of an obstacle to gluten formation and the resulting pastry is tougher.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1999_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1999-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A good pastry is light and airy and fatty, but firm enough to support the weight of the filling. When making a <a href="/wiki/Shortcrust_pastry" title="Shortcrust pastry">shortcrust pastry</a>, care must be taken to blend the fat and flour thoroughly before adding any liquid---to ensure that the flour granules are adequately coated with fat and less likely to develop <a href="/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten">gluten</a>. On the other hand, overmixing results in long gluten strands that toughen the pastry. In other types of pastry such as <a href="/wiki/Danish_pastry" title="Danish pastry">Danish pastry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croissant" title="Croissant">croissants</a>, the characteristic flaky texture is achieved by repeatedly rolling out a dough similar to <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a> bread dough, spreading it with butter, and folding it to produce many thin layers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pastry_chefs">Pastry chefs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pastry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pastry chefs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_pastry_chefs" title="List of pastry chefs">List of pastry chefs</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pastry_chef" title="Pastry chef">Pastry chefs</a> use a combination of culinary ability and creativity for baking, decoration, and flavoring with ingredients. Many baked goods require a lot of time and focus. Presentation is an important aspect of pastry and dessert preparation. The job is often physically demanding, requiring attention to detail and long hours.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pastry chefs are also responsible for creating new recipes to put on the menu, and they work in restaurants, bistros, large hotels, casinos and bakeries. Pastry baking is usually done in an area slightly separate from the main kitchen. This section of the kitchen is in charge of making pastries, desserts, and other baked goods.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pastry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foto.Linzertorte.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A Linzer torte"><img alt="A Linzer torte" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Foto.Linzertorte.JPG/120px-Foto.Linzertorte.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Foto.Linzertorte.JPG/180px-Foto.Linzertorte.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Foto.Linzertorte.JPG/240px-Foto.Linzertorte.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1341" data-file-height="1025" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Linzer_torte" title="Linzer torte">Linzer torte</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mignon14hpA3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A petit four"><img alt="A petit four" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mignon14hpA3.jpg/120px-Mignon14hpA3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mignon14hpA3.jpg/180px-Mignon14hpA3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mignon14hpA3.jpg/240px-Mignon14hpA3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Petit_four" title="Petit four">petit four</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Weihnachtskeks(RobertK).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Assortment of cookies (also called biscuits in some areas)"><img alt="Assortment of cookies (also called biscuits in some areas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Weihnachtskeks%28RobertK%29.jpg/120px-Weihnachtskeks%28RobertK%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Weihnachtskeks%28RobertK%29.jpg/180px-Weihnachtskeks%28RobertK%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Weihnachtskeks%28RobertK%29.jpg/240px-Weihnachtskeks%28RobertK%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Assortment of <a href="/wiki/Cookies" class="mw-redirect" title="Cookies">cookies</a> (also called <a href="/wiki/Biscuit" title="Biscuit">biscuits</a> in some areas)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moorkoppen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cream puff pastry, Dutch Moorkoppen"><img alt="Cream puff pastry, Dutch Moorkoppen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Moorkoppen.jpg/120px-Moorkoppen.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Moorkoppen.jpg/180px-Moorkoppen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Moorkoppen.jpg/240px-Moorkoppen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cream_puff" class="mw-redirect" title="Cream puff">Cream puff</a> pastry, Dutch Moorkoppen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Feesttompoucen0865.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tompouce, a Dutch and Belgian pastry"><img alt="Tompouce, a Dutch and Belgian pastry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Feesttompoucen0865.jpg/120px-Feesttompoucen0865.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Feesttompoucen0865.jpg/180px-Feesttompoucen0865.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Feesttompoucen0865.jpg/240px-Feesttompoucen0865.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tompouce" title="Tompouce">Tompouce</a>, a Dutch and Belgian pastry</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaufre_liege.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Liège-style waffles"><img alt="Liège-style waffles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gaufre_liege.jpg/120px-Gaufre_liege.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gaufre_liege.jpg/180px-Gaufre_liege.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gaufre_liege.jpg/240px-Gaufre_liege.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>-style <a href="/wiki/Waffle" title="Waffle">waffles</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pork_and_cherry_picnic_pie.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="English pork pie topped with red currants"><img alt="English pork pie topped with red currants" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Pork_and_cherry_picnic_pie.jpg/120px-Pork_and_cherry_picnic_pie.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Pork_and_cherry_picnic_pie.jpg/180px-Pork_and_cherry_picnic_pie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Pork_and_cherry_picnic_pie.jpg/240px-Pork_and_cherry_picnic_pie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2345" data-file-height="1759" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">English <a href="/wiki/Pork_pie" title="Pork pie">pork pie</a> topped with red currants</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Piononos_dulces_argentinos_caseros.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Argentine sweet pionono"><img alt="Argentine sweet pionono" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Piononos_dulces_argentinos_caseros.jpg/120px-Piononos_dulces_argentinos_caseros.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Piononos_dulces_argentinos_caseros.jpg/180px-Piononos_dulces_argentinos_caseros.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Piononos_dulces_argentinos_caseros.jpg/240px-Piononos_dulces_argentinos_caseros.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Argentine sweet <a href="/wiki/Pionono" title="Pionono">pionono</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pionono_dulce_argentino_casero_cortado.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Slice of Argentine sweet pionono"><img alt="Slice of Argentine sweet pionono" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pionono_dulce_argentino_casero_cortado.jpg/120px-Pionono_dulce_argentino_casero_cortado.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pionono_dulce_argentino_casero_cortado.jpg/180px-Pionono_dulce_argentino_casero_cortado.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pionono_dulce_argentino_casero_cortado.jpg/240px-Pionono_dulce_argentino_casero_cortado.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Slice of Argentine sweet <a href="/wiki/Pionono" title="Pionono">pionono</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crocette_di_Caltanissetta.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crocetta of Caltanissetta of lemon, left, and orange, right"><img alt="Crocetta of Caltanissetta of lemon, left, and orange, right" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crocette_di_Caltanissetta.jpg/120px-Crocette_di_Caltanissetta.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crocette_di_Caltanissetta.jpg/180px-Crocette_di_Caltanissetta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crocette_di_Caltanissetta.jpg/240px-Crocette_di_Caltanissetta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Crocetta_of_Caltanissetta" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocetta of Caltanissetta">Crocetta of Caltanissetta</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">lemon</a>, left, and <a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">orange</a>, right</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spina_santa_composizione_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Spina santa of Caltanissetta"><img alt="Spina santa of Caltanissetta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Spina_santa_composizione_04.JPG/120px-Spina_santa_composizione_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Spina_santa_composizione_04.JPG/180px-Spina_santa_composizione_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Spina_santa_composizione_04.JPG/240px-Spina_santa_composizione_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spina santa of <a href="/wiki/Caltanissetta" title="Caltanissetta">Caltanissetta</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pecan_and_Maple_Danish.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pecan and maple Danish pastry, a puff pastry type"><img alt="Pecan and maple Danish pastry, a puff pastry type" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Pecan_and_Maple_Danish.JPG/120px-Pecan_and_Maple_Danish.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Pecan_and_Maple_Danish.JPG/180px-Pecan_and_Maple_Danish.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Pecan_and_Maple_Danish.JPG/240px-Pecan_and_Maple_Danish.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1887" data-file-height="1028" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pecan and maple <a href="/wiki/Danish_pastry" title="Danish pastry">Danish pastry</a>, a puff pastry type</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cream_puff_Spivack.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Profiterole or cream puff, a choux pastry"><img alt="Profiterole or cream puff, a choux pastry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cream_puff_Spivack.jpg/120px-Cream_puff_Spivack.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cream_puff_Spivack.jpg/180px-Cream_puff_Spivack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cream_puff_Spivack.jpg/240px-Cream_puff_Spivack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Profiterole" title="Profiterole">Profiterole</a> or cream puff, a <a href="/wiki/Choux_pastry" title="Choux pastry">choux pastry</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Runebergst%C3%A5rtor.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Runeberg torte, a traditional Finnish pastry flavored with almonds and arrack (or rum)"><img alt="Runeberg torte, a traditional Finnish pastry flavored with almonds and arrack (or rum)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Runebergst%C3%A5rtor.JPG/120px-Runebergst%C3%A5rtor.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Runebergst%C3%A5rtor.JPG/180px-Runebergst%C3%A5rtor.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Runebergst%C3%A5rtor.JPG/240px-Runebergst%C3%A5rtor.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Runeberg_torte" title="Runeberg torte">Runeberg torte</a>, a traditional Finnish pastry flavored with <a href="/wiki/Almonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Almonds">almonds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arrack" title="Arrack">arrack</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">rum</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Omas_Apfelstrudel_aus_Prag.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Strudel, a pastry made from hand-stretched leaf dough"><img alt="Strudel, a pastry made from hand-stretched leaf dough" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Omas_Apfelstrudel_aus_Prag.jpg/120px-Omas_Apfelstrudel_aus_Prag.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Omas_Apfelstrudel_aus_Prag.jpg/180px-Omas_Apfelstrudel_aus_Prag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Omas_Apfelstrudel_aus_Prag.jpg/240px-Omas_Apfelstrudel_aus_Prag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="487" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Strudel" title="Strudel">Strudel</a>, a pastry made from hand-stretched leaf dough </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pork_pie_on_plate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pork pie on a plate"><img alt="Pork pie on a plate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Pork_pie_on_plate.jpg/120px-Pork_pie_on_plate.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Pork_pie_on_plate.jpg/180px-Pork_pie_on_plate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Pork_pie_on_plate.jpg/240px-Pork_pie_on_plate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="803" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pork_pie" title="Pork pie">Pork pie</a> on a plate</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/BougatsaAthens.webm/120px--BougatsaAthens.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="120" height="90" data-durationhint="134" data-mwtitle="BougatsaAthens.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/BougatsaAthens.webm/BougatsaAthens.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/BougatsaAthens.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="767" data-height="576" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/BougatsaAthens.webm/BougatsaAthens.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/BougatsaAthens.webm/BougatsaAthens.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/BougatsaAthens.webm/BougatsaAthens.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/BougatsaAthens.webm/BougatsaAthens.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Preparation of custard <a href="/wiki/Bougatsa" title="Bougatsa">bougatsa</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> cafe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blackberry_Pie_956px.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Blackberry pie made with a pastry crust"><img alt="Blackberry pie made with a pastry crust" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Blackberry_Pie_956px.jpg/120px-Blackberry_Pie_956px.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Blackberry_Pie_956px.jpg/180px-Blackberry_Pie_956px.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Blackberry_Pie_956px.jpg/240px-Blackberry_Pie_956px.jpg 2x" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="688" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Blackberry_pie" title="Blackberry pie">Blackberry pie</a> made with a pastry crust</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zolbia_%26_Bamieh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Persian Zolbia and Bamieh"><img alt="Persian Zolbia and Bamieh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Zolbia_%26_Bamieh.jpg/120px-Zolbia_%26_Bamieh.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Zolbia_%26_Bamieh.jpg/180px-Zolbia_%26_Bamieh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Zolbia_%26_Bamieh.jpg/240px-Zolbia_%26_Bamieh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Persian Zolbia and <a href="/wiki/Tulumba" title="Tulumba">Bamieh</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bradje.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bradje from Algeria"><img alt="Bradje from Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bradje.jpg/120px-Bradje.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bradje.jpg/180px-Bradje.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bradje.jpg/240px-Bradje.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bradje from Algeria</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pastry&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakery" title="Bakery">Bakery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cake_shop" class="mw-redirect" title="Cake shop">Cake shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_pastry" title="Danish pastry">Danish pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doughnut" title="Doughnut">Doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_water_crust_pastry" title="Hot water crust pastry">Hot water crust pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCbner_Haus" title="Hübner Haus">Hübner Haus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuite" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuite">Jesuite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konditorei" title="Konditorei">Konditorei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuo_Yuan_Ye_Museum_of_Cake_and_Pastry" title="Kuo Yuan Ye Museum of Cake and Pastry">Kuo Yuan Ye Museum of Cake and Pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_baked_goods" title="List of baked goods">List of baked goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_desserts" title="List of desserts">List of desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_preparation_utensils" title="List of food preparation utensils">List of food preparation utensils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pastries" title="List of pastries">List of pastries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mold_(cooking_implement)" title="Mold (cooking implement)">Mold (cooking implement)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_dulce_(sweet_bread)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan dulce (sweet bread)">Pan dulce (sweet bread)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2tisserie" title="Pâtisserie">Pâtisserie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_brush" title="Pastry brush">Pastry brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_fork" title="Pastry fork">Pastry fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_crust" class="mw-redirect" title="Pie crust">Pie crust</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pastry&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:4-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2014" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Alan (2014-01-01). Jaine, Tom (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199677337.001.0001/acref-9780199677337"><i>The Oxford Companion to Food</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199677337.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780199677337.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-967733-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-967733-7"><bdi>978-0-19-967733-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Food&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199677337.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-967733-7&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199677337.001.0001%2Facref-9780199677337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKipfer2012" class="citation book cs1">Kipfer, Barbara Ann (2012-04-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7xUafQwz2tkC"><i>The Culinarian: A Kitchen Desk Reference</i></a>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-544-18603-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-544-18603-3"><bdi>978-0-544-18603-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Culinarian%3A+A+Kitchen+Desk+Reference&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2012-04-11&rft.isbn=978-0-544-18603-3&rft.aulast=Kipfer&rft.aufirst=Barbara+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7xUafQwz2tkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGisslen2016" class="citation book cs1">Gisslen, Wayne (2016-09-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KGjpCgAAQBAJ"><i>Professional Baking</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-14844-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-14844-9"><bdi>978-1-119-14844-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Professional+Baking&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2016-09-21&rft.isbn=978-1-119-14844-9&rft.aulast=Gisslen&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKGjpCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OED_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160823065649/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/pastry">"Definition of 'pastry'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/pastry">the original</a> on 23 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Definition+of+%27pastry%27&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fpastry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBo_Friberg2002" class="citation book cs1">Bo Friberg (March 2002). <i>Professional Pastry Chef</i>. John Wiley and Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-21825-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-21825-1"><bdi>0-471-21825-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Professional+Pastry+Chef&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=2002-03&rft.isbn=0-471-21825-1&rft.au=Bo+Friberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL._Patrick_Coyle1982" class="citation book cs1">L. Patrick Coyle (1982). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi00coyl"><i>The World Encyclopedia of Food</i></a></span>. Facts on File Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87196-417-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-87196-417-1"><bdi>0-87196-417-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Encyclopedia+of+Food&rft.pub=Facts+on+File+Inc&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-87196-417-1&rft.au=L.+Patrick+Coyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldencyclopedi00coyl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jim Chevallier, A History of the Food of Paris: From Roast Mammoth to Steak Frites, 2018, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1442272821" title="Special:BookSources/1442272821">1442272821</a>, p. 73, 102</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRinskyRinsky2008" class="citation book cs1">Rinsky, Glenn; Rinsky, Laura Halpin (2008-02-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mZhyDwAAQBAJ"><i>The Pastry Chef's Companion: A Comprehensive Resource Guide for the Baking and Pastry Professional</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-00955-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-00955-0"><bdi>978-0-470-00955-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pastry+Chef%27s+Companion%3A+A+Comprehensive+Resource+Guide+for+the+Baking+and+Pastry+Professional&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2008-02-28&rft.isbn=978-0-470-00955-0&rft.aulast=Rinsky&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Rinsky%2C+Laura+Halpin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmZhyDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bakerpedia.com/processes/pastry/">"Pastry | Baking Processes | BAKERpedia"</a>. 2015-06-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pastry+%7C+Baking+Processes+%7C+BAKERpedia&rft.date=2015-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbakerpedia.com%2Fprocesses%2Fpastry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bakerpedia.com/specialties/pastries/">"Pastries | Commercial Baking | BAKERpedia"</a>. 2013-04-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pastries+%7C+Commercial+Baking+%7C+BAKERpedia&rft.date=2013-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbakerpedia.com%2Fspecialties%2Fpastries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarson2022" class="citation web cs1">Larson, Sarah (2022-01-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.escoffier.edu/blog/baking-pastry/pastry-chef-vs-baker-whats-the-difference/">"Pastry Chef vs. Baker: What's the Difference?"</a>. <i>Escoffier</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Escoffier&rft.atitle=Pastry+Chef+vs.+Baker%3A+What%27s+the+Difference%3F&rft.date=2022-01-27&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.escoffier.edu%2Fblog%2Fbaking-pastry%2Fpastry-chef-vs-baker-whats-the-difference%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sinclair, Charles. International Dictionary of Culinary Terms. Grand Rapids: Bloomsbury Plc, 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gisslen2012-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gisslen2012_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWayne_Gisslen2012" class="citation book cs1">Wayne Gisslen (17 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5qUPmsiTV6cC&pg=PA192"><i>Professional Baking</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 192. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-08374-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-08374-1"><bdi>978-1-118-08374-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Professional+Baking&rft.pages=192&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012-01-17&rft.isbn=978-1-118-08374-1&rft.au=Wayne+Gisslen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5qUPmsiTV6cC%26pg%3DPA192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Applefield2010-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Applefield2010_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Applefield2010" class="citation book cs1">David Applefield (6 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2ylPVM25SukC"><i>The Unofficial Guide to Paris</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 317. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-63725-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-63725-8"><bdi>978-0-470-63725-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Unofficial+Guide+to+Paris&rft.pages=317&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010-04-06&rft.isbn=978-0-470-63725-8&rft.au=David+Applefield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2ylPVM25SukC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pfisterconsulting.com/history.htm">History of Baking and Pastry Cooking</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130113214001/http://www.pfisterconsulting.com/history.htm">Archived</a> 2013-01-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1999-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1999_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1999_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jaine, Tom, and Soun Vannithone. The Oxford Companion to Food. New York: Oxford UP, 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakeinfo" class="citation web cs1">Bakeinfo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101119202712/http://bakeinfo.co.nz/school/school_info/pastry.php">"Types of Pastry- BakeInfo (Baking Industry Research Trust)"</a>. <i>www.bakeinfo.co.nz</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bakeinfo.co.nz/school/school_info/pastry.php">the original</a> on 2010-11-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bakeinfo.co.nz&rft.atitle=Types+of+Pastry-+BakeInfo+%28Baking+Industry+Research+Trust%29&rft.au=Bakeinfo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bakeinfo.co.nz%2Fschool%2Fschool_info%2Fpastry.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kitchen2008-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kitchen2008_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeanne_Kitchen2008" class="citation book cs1">Leanne Kitchen (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cy0oh1iWhO4C&pg=PA171"><i>The Baker</i></a>. Murdoch Books. p. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74196-097-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74196-097-6"><bdi>978-1-74196-097-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baker&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=Murdoch+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-74196-097-6&rft.au=Leanne+Kitchen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCy0oh1iWhO4C%26pg%3DPA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marthastewart.com/317858/pate-brisee-pie-dough">"Pate Brisee (Pie Dough) Recipe"</a>. <i>Martha Stewart</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Martha+Stewart&rft.atitle=Pate+Brisee+%28Pie+Dough%29+Recipe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marthastewart.com%2F317858%2Fpate-brisee-pie-dough&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kitchensavvy.com/resting-pastry-dough">"Resting Pastry Dough"</a>. <i>KitchenSavvy</i>. 2006-06-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KitchenSavvy&rft.atitle=Resting+Pastry+Dough&rft.date=2006-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkitchensavvy.com%2Fresting-pastry-dough&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7O5YpNRnpNoC&pg=PA27">"Tarts"</a>. <i>The Art and Soul of Baking</i>. Andrews McMeel Publishing. 21 October 2008. p. 207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7407-7334-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7407-7334-1"><bdi>978-0-7407-7334-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tarts&rft.btitle=The+Art+and+Soul+of+Baking&rft.pages=207&rft.pub=Andrews+McMeel+Publishing&rft.date=2008-10-21&rft.isbn=978-0-7407-7334-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7O5YpNRnpNoC%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Barham2001" class="citation book cs1">Peter Barham (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oGq4v4e7rG8C&pg=PA183">"Short crust variations"</a>. <i>The Science of Cooking</i>. Springer. p. 183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-67466-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-67466-5"><bdi>978-3-540-67466-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Short+crust+variations&rft.btitle=The+Science+of+Cooking&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-3-540-67466-5&rft.au=Peter+Barham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoGq4v4e7rG8C%26pg%3DPA183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Barham2001" class="citation book cs1">Peter Barham (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9783540674665"><i>The Science of Cooking</i></a></span>. Springer. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9783540674665/page/189">189</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-67466-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-67466-5"><bdi>978-3-540-67466-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Science+of+Cooking&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-3-540-67466-5&rft.au=Peter+Barham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9783540674665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suas2009-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Suas2009_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichel_Suas2009" class="citation book cs1">Michel Suas (2009). "Part 4: Pastry". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JM76vm5tH38C"><i>Advanced Bread and Pastry, 1st ed.: A Professional Approach</i></a>. Cengage Learning. p. 504. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4180-1169-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4180-1169-7"><bdi>978-1-4180-1169-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+4%3A+Pastry&rft.btitle=Advanced+Bread+and+Pastry%2C+1st+ed.%3A+A+Professional+Approach&rft.pages=504&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4180-1169-7&rft.au=Michel+Suas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJM76vm5tH38C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JTr7HrwcVDEC&pg=PT78"><i>Secrets of Eclairs</i></a>. Murdoch Books. 1 November 2012. pp. 78–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74336-424-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74336-424-6"><bdi>978-1-74336-424-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secrets+of+Eclairs&rft.pages=78-&rft.pub=Murdoch+Books&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft.isbn=978-1-74336-424-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJTr7HrwcVDEC%26pg%3DPT78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061031174304/http://www.kswheat.com/upload/got-pastry.pdf">"Grains of truth about pastry"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2006-10-31. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kswheat.com/upload/got-pastry.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2006-10-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-12-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grains+of+truth+about+pastry&rft.date=2006-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kswheat.com%2Fupload%2Fgot-pastry.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDan_Lepard2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Lepard" title="Dan Lepard">Dan Lepard</a> (24 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2007/nov/24/foodanddrink.baking55">"Hot water crust pastry"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. Guardian News and Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Hot+water+crust+pastry&rft.date=2007-11-24&rft.au=Dan+Lepard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2007%2Fnov%2F24%2Ffoodanddrink.baking55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInc." class="citation web cs1">Inc., King Arthur Flour Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171024095507/https://www.kingarthurflour.com/professional/guide-to-numbers.html">"Professional Baker's Reference: A Guide to the Numbers | King Arthur Flour"</a>. <i>King Arthur Flour</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kingarthurflour.com/professional/guide-to-numbers.html">the original</a> on 2017-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=King+Arthur+Flour&rft.atitle=Professional+Baker%27s+Reference%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Numbers+%7C+King+Arthur+Flour&rft.aulast=Inc.&rft.aufirst=King+Arthur+Flour+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kingarthurflour.com%2Fprofessional%2Fguide-to-numbers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allculinaryschools.com/faqs/baking">"Pastry Chef | Read a Pastry Chef Job Description"</a>. <i>All Culinary Schools</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=All+Culinary+Schools&rft.atitle=Pastry+Chef+%7C+Read+a+Pastry+Chef+Job+Description&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allculinaryschools.com%2Ffaqs%2Fbaking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APastry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jobprofiles.org/retpastrychef.htm">Pastry Chef Job Profile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081229055707/http://www.jobprofiles.org/retpastrychef.htm">Archived</a> 2008-12-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pastry&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/446138/pastry">"Pastry"</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pastries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pastries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="*_Pastries_**_list" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pastries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pastries" title="List of pastries">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_flaky_pastry" title="Chinese flaky pastry">Chinese flaky pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choux_pastry" title="Choux pastry">Choux pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filo" title="Filo">Filo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaky_pastry" title="Flaky pastry">Flaky pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_water_crust_pastry" title="Hot water crust pastry">Hot water crust pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_dulce" title="Pan dulce">Pan dulce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puff_pastry" title="Puff pastry">Puff pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortcrust_pastry" title="Shortcrust pastry">Shortcrust pastry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Choux_pastry" title="Choux pastry">Choux pastry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beignet" title="Beignet">Beignet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bossche_bol" title="Bossche bol">Bossche bol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chouquette_(pastry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chouquette (pastry)">Chouquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croquembouche" title="Croquembouche">Croquembouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89clair" title="Éclair">Éclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goug%C3%A8re" title="Gougère">Gougère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karpatka" title="Karpatka">Karpatka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady%27s_navel" title="Lady's navel">Lady's navel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorkop" title="Moorkop">Moorkop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun%27s_puffs" title="Nun's puffs">Nun's puffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Brest" title="Paris–Brest">Paris–Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pommes_dauphine" title="Pommes dauphine">Pommes dauphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profiterole" title="Profiterole">Profiterole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religieuse" title="Religieuse">Religieuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Honor%C3%A9_cake" title="St. Honoré cake">St. Honoré cake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Puff_pastry" title="Puff pastry">Puff pastry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beef_Wellington" title="Beef Wellington">Beef Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_straw" title="Cheese straw">Cheese straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croline" title="Croline">Croline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croissant" title="Croissant">Croissant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galette_des_rois#France" class="mw-redirect" title="Galette des rois">Galette des rois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambon" title="Jambon">Jambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguelitos" title="Miguelitos">Miguelitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mille-feuille" title="Mille-feuille">Mille-feuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmier" title="Palmier">Palmier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_de_nata" title="Pastel de nata">Pastel de nata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pithivier" title="Pithivier">Pithivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage_roll" title="Sausage roll">Sausage roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_and_kidney_pie" title="Steak and kidney pie">Steak and kidney pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strudel" title="Strudel">Strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarte_conversation" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarte conversation">Tarte conversation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarte_Tatin" title="Tarte Tatin">Tarte Tatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_dessert" title="Torpedo dessert">Torpedo dessert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnover_(food)" title="Turnover (food)">Turnovers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poppy seed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chatti_pathiri" title="Chatti pathiri">Chatti pathiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamantash" title="Hamantash">Hamantash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kifli" title="Kifli">Kifli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolach_(cake)" title="Kolach (cake)">Kolach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%AB%C4%8Diukai" title="Kūčiukai">Kūčiukai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91imurska_gibanica" title="Međimurska gibanica">Međimurska gibanica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunt" title="Nunt">Nunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_roll" title="Nut roll">Nut roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed_roll" title="Poppy seed roll">Poppy seed roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prekmurska_gibanica" title="Prekmurska gibanica">Prekmurska gibanica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugelach" title="Rugelach">Rugelach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_croissant" title="St. Martin's croissant">St. Martin's croissant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandertorte" title="Alexandertorte">Alexandertorte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allerheiligenstriezel" title="Allerheiligenstriezel">Allerheiligenstriezel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_strudel" title="Apple strudel">Apple strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_pakhlava" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijani pakhlava">Azerbaijani pakhlava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakewell_pudding" title="Bakewell pudding">Bakewell pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banket_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Banket (food)">Banket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_p%C3%ADa" title="Bánh pía">Bánh pía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banitsa" title="Banitsa">Banitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_claw" title="Bear claw">Bear claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belokranjska_povitica" title="Belokranjska povitica">Belokranjska povitica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethm%C3%A4nnchen" title="Bethmännchen">Bethmännchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bierock" title="Bierock">Bierock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizcocho" title="Bizcocho">Bizcocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyoz" title="Boyoz">Boyoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briouat" title="Briouat">Briouat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruttiboni" title="Bruttiboni">Bruttiboni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulemas" title="Bulemas">Bulemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundevara" title="Bundevara">Bundevara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorley_cake" title="Chorley cake">Chorley cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca_(pastry)" title="Coca (pastry)">Coca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coulibiac" title="Coulibiac">Coulibiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coussin_de_Lyon" title="Coussin de Lyon">Coussin de Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_horn" title="Cream horn">Cream horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremeschnitte" title="Cremeschnitte">Cremeschnitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croline" title="Croline">Croline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronut" title="Cronut">Cronut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruller" title="Cruller">Cruller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_pastry" title="Cuban pastry">Cuban pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_beef_turnover" title="Curry beef turnover">Curry beef turnover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_puff" title="Curry puff">Curry puff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabby-Doughs" title="Dabby-Doughs">Dabby-Doughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_letter" title="Dutch letter">Dutch letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccles_cake" title="Eccles cake">Eccles cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empanada" title="Empanada">Empanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensa%C3%AFmada" title="Ensaïmada">Ensaïmada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fa_gao" title="Fa gao">Fa gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazuelos" title="Fazuelos">Fazuelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fig_roll" title="Fig roll">Fig roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish-shaped_pastry" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish-shaped pastry">Fish-shaped pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fla%C3%B3" title="Flaó">Flaó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flia" title="Flia">Flia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flies%27_graveyard" title="Flies' graveyard">Flies' graveyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franzbr%C3%B6tchen" title="Franzbrötchen">Franzbrötchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2teau_Basque" title="Gâteau Basque">Gâteau Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibanica" title="Gibanica">Gibanica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6zleme" title="Gözleme">Gözleme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gundain" title="Gundain">Gundain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_pastry" title="Gustavus Adolphus pastry">Gustavus Adolphus pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddekuche" title="Haddekuche">Haddekuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_patty" title="Haitian patty">Haitian patty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellimli" title="Hellimli">Hellimli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heong_Peng" title="Heong Peng">Heong Peng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huff_paste" title="Huff paste">Huff paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hwangnam-ppang" title="Hwangnam-ppang">Hwangnam-ppang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jachnun" title="Jachnun">Jachnun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khachapuri" title="Khachapuri">Khachapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knafeh" title="Knafeh">Knafeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchener_bun" title="Kitchener bun">Kitchener bun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klob%C3%A1sn%C3%ADk" title="Klobásník">Klobásník</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kniek%C3%BCchle" title="Knieküchle">Knieküchle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolach_(cake)" title="Kolach (cake)">Kolach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kro%C5%A1tule" class="mw-redirect" title="Kroštule">Kroštule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCrt%C5%91skal%C3%A1cs" title="Kürtőskalács">Kürtőskalács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lattice_(pastry)" title="Lattice (pastry)">Lattice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipziger_Lerche" title="Leipziger Lerche">Leipziger Lerche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Cheesecake" title="London Cheesecake">London Cheesecake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukhmi" title="Lukhmi">Lukhmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27amoul" title="Ma'amoul">Ma'amoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makroudh" title="Makroudh">Makroudh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malsouka" title="Malsouka">Malsouka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandelkubb" title="Mandelkubb">Mandelkubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantecada" title="Mantecada">Mantecada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marillenkn%C3%B6del" title="Marillenknödel">Marillenknödel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekitsa" title="Mekitsa">Mekitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguelitos" title="Miguelitos">Miguelitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milhojas" title="Milhojas">Milhojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk-cream_strudel" title="Milk-cream strudel">Milk-cream strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mille-feuille" title="Mille-feuille">Mille-feuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorkop" title="Moorkop">Moorkop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouna" title="Mouna">Mouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonka" title="Napoleonka">Napoleonka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokul" title="Nokul">Nokul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96%C3%A7po%C3%A7maq" class="mw-redirect" title="Öçpoçmaq">Öçpoçmaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_%C3%A0_la_grecque" title="Pain à la grecque">Pain à la grecque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_dulce" title="Pan dulce">Pan dulce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_(food)" title="Pastel (food)">Pastel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastizz" title="Pastizz">Pastizz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_heart" title="Pastry heart">Pastry heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasty" title="Pasty">Pasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2t%C3%A9_chaud" title="Pâté chaud">Pâté chaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peremech" title="Peremech">Peremech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirog" title="Pirog">Pirog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirozhki" title="Pirozhki">Pirozhki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pl%C4%83cint%C4%83" title="Plăcintă">Plăcintă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-Tarts" title="Pop-Tarts">Pop-Tarts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prekmurska_gibanica" title="Prekmurska gibanica">Prekmurska gibanica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profiterole" title="Profiterole">Profiterole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punsch-roll" title="Punsch-roll">Punsch-roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punschkrapfen" title="Punschkrapfen">Punschkrapfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quesito" title="Quesito">Quesito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remonce" title="Remonce">Remonce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_tissue" title="Roti tissue">Roti tissue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roze_koek" title="Roze koek">Roze koek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runeberg_torte" title="Runeberg torte">Runeberg torte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runza" title="Runza">Runza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sad_cake" class="mw-redirect" title="Sad cake">Sad cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaumrolle" title="Schaumrolle">Schaumrolle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnecken" title="Schnecken">Schnecken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schneeball_(pastry)" title="Schneeball (pastry)">Schneeball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schuxen" title="Schuxen">Schuxen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%B6biyet" title="Şöbiyet">Şöbiyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sou_(pastry)" title="Sou (pastry)">Sou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spritzkuchen" class="mw-redirect" title="Spritzkuchen">Spritzkuchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streusel" title="Streusel">Streusel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strudel" title="Strudel">Strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stutenkerl" title="Stutenkerl">Stutenkerl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetheart_cake" title="Sweetheart cake">Sweetheart cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini_roll" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahini roll">Tahini roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toast%27em_Pop_Ups" title="Toast'em Pop Ups">Toast'em Pop Ups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toaster_pastry" title="Toaster pastry">Toaster pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toaster_Strudel" title="Toaster Strudel">Toaster Strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tompouce" title="Tompouce">Tompouce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_dessert" title="Torpedo dessert">Torpedo dessert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortell" class="mw-redirect" title="Tortell">Tortell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortita_negra" title="Tortita negra">Tortita negra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tu_(cake)" title="Tu (cake)">Tu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnover_(food)" title="Turnover (food)">Turnover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C5%A1tipci" title="Uštipci">Uštipci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatrushka" title="Vatrushka">Vatrushka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veka_(pastry)" title="Veka (pastry)">Veka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetkoek" title="Vetkoek">Vetkoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurla_(dish)" title="Yurla (dish)">Yurla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeeuwse_bolus" title="Zeeuwse bolus">Zeeuwse bolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDemlovka" title="Žemlovka">Žemlovka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chinese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chasan_(pastry)" title="Chasan (pastry)">Chasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiucai_hezi" title="Jiucai hezi">Jiucai hezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masan_(pastry)" title="Masan (pastry)">Masan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachima" title="Sachima">Sachima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Filipino</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biscocho" title="Biscocho">Biscocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buko_pie" title="Buko pie">Buko pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caycay" title="Caycay">Caycay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daral_(food)" title="Daral (food)">Daral (food)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinamita" title="Dinamita">Dinamita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_pie" title="Egg pie">Egg pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empanada#Philippines" title="Empanada">Empanada</a> (Pastil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensa%C3%AFmada" title="Ensaïmada">Ensaïmada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakpia" title="Bakpia">Hopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpia" title="Lumpia">Lumpia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mille-feuille" title="Mille-feuille">Napoleones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngohiong" title="Ngohiong">Ngohiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohaldre" title="Ohaldre">Ohaldre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otap_(food)" title="Otap (food)">Otap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaya_(food)" title="Piaya (food)">Piaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilipit" title="Pilipit">Pilipit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakoy" title="Shakoy">Shakoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turon_(food)" title="Turon (food)">Turon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_wings" title="Angel wings">Angel wings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beignet" title="Beignet">Beignet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bichon_au_citron" title="Bichon au citron">Bichon au citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscuit_rose_de_Reims" title="Biscuit rose de Reims">Biscuit rose de Reims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broy%C3%A9_poitevin" title="Broyé poitevin">Broyé poitevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canel%C3%A9" title="Canelé">Canelé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chouquette" title="Chouquette">Chouquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choux_pastry" title="Choux pastry">Choux pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversation_tart" title="Conversation tart">Conversation tart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croissant" title="Croissant">Croissant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croquembouche" title="Croquembouche">Croquembouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croustade" title="Croustade">Croustade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89clair" title="Éclair">Éclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financier_(cake)" title="Financier (cake)">Financier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goug%C3%A8re" title="Gougère">Gougère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9suite" title="Jésuite">Jésuite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladyfinger_(biscuit)" title="Ladyfinger (biscuit)">Ladyfinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaron" title="Macaron">Macaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_(cake)" title="Madeleine (cake)">Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun%27s_puffs" title="Nun's puffs">Nun's puffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_au_chocolat" title="Pain au chocolat">Pain au chocolat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_aux_raisins" title="Pain aux raisins">Pain aux raisins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmier" title="Palmier">Palmier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Brest" title="Paris–Brest">Paris–Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puits_d%27amour" title="Puits d'amour">Puits d'amour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religieuse" title="Religieuse">Religieuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Honor%C3%A9_cake" title="St. Honoré cake">St. Honoré cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuile" title="Tuile">Tuile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viennoiserie" title="Viennoiserie">Viennoiserie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vol-au-vent" title="Vol-au-vent">Vol-au-vent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greek</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amygdalopita" title="Amygdalopita">Amygdalopita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougatsa" title="Bougatsa">Bougatsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanouropita" title="Fanouropita">Fanouropita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filo" title="Filo">Filo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaktoboureko" title="Galaktoboureko">Galaktoboureko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karydopita" title="Karydopita">Karydopita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koulourakia" title="Koulourakia">Koulourakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moustalevria" title="Moustalevria">Moustalevria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastafrola" title="Pastafrola">Pastafrola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahulu" title="Bahulu">Bahulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakpia" title="Bakpia">Bakpia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakpia_pathok" title="Bakpia pathok">Bakpia pathok</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_puff" title="Curry puff">Curry puff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kue_makmur" title="Kue makmur">Makmur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_pie" title="Milk pie">Milk pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_tee" title="Pie tee">Pie tee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_john" title="Roti john">Roti john</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_tissue" title="Roti tissue">Roti tissue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iranian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gosh-e_fil" title="Gosh-e fil">Gosh-e fil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolompeh" title="Kolompeh">Kolompeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koloocheh" title="Koloocheh">Koloocheh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komaj_sehen" title="Komaj sehen">Komaj sehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qottab" title="Qottab">Qottab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohan_asali" title="Sohan asali">Sohan asali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baicoli" title="Baicoli">Baicoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscotti" title="Biscotti">Biscotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscotti_di_San_Martino" title="Biscotti di San Martino">Biscotti di San Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscotti_regina" title="Biscotti regina">Biscotti regina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocconotto" title="Bocconotto">Bocconotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombolone" title="Bombolone">Bombolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannoli" title="Cannoli">Cannoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciarduna" title="Ciarduna">Ciarduna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornetto_(pastry)" title="Cornetto (pastry)">Cornetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocetta_di_Caltanissetta" title="Crocetta di Caltanissetta">Crocetta di Caltanissetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frittella_(doughnut)" title="Frittella (doughnut)">Frittole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladyfinger_(biscuit)" title="Ladyfinger (biscuit)">Ladyfinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossa_di_morto" title="Ossa di morto">Ossa di morto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandoro" title="Pandoro">Pandoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasticciotto" title="Pasticciotto">Pasticciotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pevarini" title="Pevarini">Pevarini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pignolata" title="Pignolata">Pignolata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pignolo_(cookie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pignolo (cookie)">Pignolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzelle" title="Pizzelle">Pizzelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raviola_di_ricotta_nissena" class="mw-redirect" title="Raviola di ricotta nissena">Raviola di ricotta nissena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll%C3%B2" title="Rollò">Rollò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfogliatella" title="Sfogliatella">Sfogliatella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spina_Santa" class="mw-redirect" title="Spina Santa">Spina Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struffoli" title="Struffoli">Struffoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torta_caprese" title="Torta caprese">Torta caprese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeppola" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeppola">Zeppola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zippula" title="Zippula">Zippula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romanian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornule%C8%9Be" title="Cornulețe">Cornulețe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogo%C8%99i" title="Gogoși">Gogoși</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papana%C8%99i" title="Papanași">Papanași</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pl%C4%83cint%C4%83" title="Plăcintă">Plăcintă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfin%C8%9Bi%C8%99ori" title="Sfințișori">Sfințișori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scandinavian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butterkaka" title="Butterkaka">Butterkaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_pastry" title="Danish pastry">Danish pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joulutorttu" title="Joulutorttu">Joulutorttu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klen%C3%A4t" title="Klenät">Klenät</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kringle" title="Kringle">Kringle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosette_(cookie)" title="Rosette (cookie)">Rosettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semla" title="Semla">Semla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Swiss</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birnbrot" title="Birnbrot">Birnbrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_cake" title="Blue cake">Blue cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndner_Nusstorte" title="Bündner Nusstorte">Bündner Nusstorte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carac_(pastry)" title="Carac (pastry)">Carac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholera_(food)" title="Cholera (food)">Cholera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schenkele" title="Schenkele">Schenkele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanisch_Br%C3%B6tli" title="Spanisch Brötli">Spanisch Brötli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Taiwanese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egg_yolk_pastry" title="Egg yolk pastry">Egg yolk pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lek-tau-phong" class="mw-redirect" title="Lek-tau-phong">Lek-tau-phong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pineapple_cake" title="Pineapple cake">Pineapple cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naiyou_subing" title="Naiyou subing">Naiyou subing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suncake_(Taiwan)" title="Suncake (Taiwan)">Suncake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taro_pastry" title="Taro pastry">Taro pastry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClb%C3%BCl_yuvas%C4%B1" title="Bülbül yuvası">Bülbül yuvası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClla%C3%A7" title="Güllaç">Güllaç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalburabast%C4%B1" title="Kalburabastı">Kalburabastı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady%27s_navel" title="Lady's navel">Lady's navel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurabiya" title="Qurabiya">Qurabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saray_helva" title="Saray helva">Saray helva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eekerpare" title="Şekerpare">Şekerpare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtl%C3%BC_Nuriye" title="Sütlü Nuriye">Sütlü Nuriye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_dessert" title="Torpedo dessert">Torpedo dessert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">Confectionery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crust_(baking)" title="Crust (baking)">Crust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custard" title="Custard">Custard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doughnut" title="Doughnut">Doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konditorei" title="Konditorei">Konditorei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuo_Yuan_Ye_Museum_of_Cake_and_Pastry" title="Kuo Yuan Ye Museum of Cake and Pastry">Kuo Yuan Ye Museum of Cake and Pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cakes" title="List of cakes">List of cakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_choux_pastry_dishes" title="List of choux pastry dishes">List of choux pastry dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_desserts" title="List of desserts">List of desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fried_dough_foods" title="List of fried dough foods">List of fried dough foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pies,_tarts_and_flans" title="List of pies, tarts and flans">List of pies, tarts and flans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_poppy_seed_pastries_and_dishes" title="List of poppy seed pastries and dishes">List of poppy seed pastries and dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_bag" title="Pastry bag">Pastry bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_blender" title="Pastry blender">Pastry blender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_brush" title="Pastry brush">Pastry brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_chef" title="Pastry chef">Pastry chef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_fork" title="Pastry fork">Pastry fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2tisserie" title="Pâtisserie">Pâtisserie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Pastry_Cup" title="World Pastry Cup">World Pastry Cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/16px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/24px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pastries" title="Category:Pastries">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pastries" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pastries">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikibooks page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Pastry" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Pastry">Cookbook</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Food_and_drink" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Food and drink">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pastry&oldid=1255387429">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pastry&oldid=1255387429</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pastries" 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