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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialog_(online_database)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialog (online database)">Dialog (online database)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Online information service</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Dialog</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Online_database" title="Online database">Online database</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roger_K._Summit" title="Roger K. Summit">Roger K. Summit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialog.com">dialog<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commercial</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">1966</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dialog</b> is an online information service owned by <a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a>, who acquired it from <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Reuters" title="Thomson Reuters">Thomson Reuters</a> in mid-2008.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dialog was one of the predecessors of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> as a provider of information, though not in form.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest form of the Dialog system was completed in 1966 in <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Roger_K._Summit" title="Roger K. Summit">Roger K. Summit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to its literature,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was "the world's first online information retrieval system to be used globally with materially significant databases". In the 1980s, a low-priced <a href="/wiki/Dial-up" class="mw-redirect" title="Dial-up">dial-up</a> version of a subset of Dialog was marketed to individual users as <i>Knowledge Index</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This subset included <a href="/wiki/INSPEC" class="mw-redirect" title="INSPEC">INSPEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/MathSciNet" title="MathSciNet">MathSciNet</a>, over 200 other bibliographic and reference databases, as well as third-party retrieval vendors who would go to physical libraries to copy materials for a fee and send it to the service subscriber. </p><p>While being owned by the Thomson Corporation, Dialog consisted of the Dialog, DataStar, Profound, and NewsEdge businesses. Dialog and DataStar were consolidated into Dialog. The news content from Profound and NewsEdge were consolidated, and the market research business from Profound was sold to MarketResearch.com. The NewsEdge business was eventually sold to Acquire Media, now Naviga. Prior to being owned by Thomson, MAID purchased Knight-Ridder Information which included the Dialog and DataStar businesses. MAID renamed itself to be the Dialog Corporation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ProQuest_Dialog&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Alliance_of_Research_Libraries" title="Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries">Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ProQuest_Dialog&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.proquest.com/en-US/aboutus/pressroom/08/20080612.shtml">ProQuest signs agreement to acquire Dialog business from Thomson Reuters</a>". ProQuest LLC. June 8, 2008. Retrieved on March 6, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.proquest.com/en-US/aboutus/pressroom/08/20080701.shtml">ProQuest acquires Dialog</a>". ProQuest LLC. July 1, 2008. Retrieved on March 6, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Susanne Bjorner and Stephanie C. Ardito, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dialog.com/about/history/pioneers1.pdf"><i>Online Before the Internet: Early Pioneers Tell Their Stories. Part 1: In the Beginning</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061017114606/http://www.dialog.com/about/history/pioneers1.pdf">Archived</a> 2006-10-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infotoday.com/searcher"><i>Searcher</i></a>, June 2003 ISSN 1070-4795</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Susanne Bjorner and Stephanie C. Ardito, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dialog.com/about/history/pioneers2.pdf"><i>Online Before the Internet: Early Pioneers Tell Their Stories. Part 2: Growth of the Online Industry</i></a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061017114616/http://www.dialog.com/about/history/pioneers2.pdf">Archived</a> 2006-10-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infotoday.com/searcher"><i>Searcher</i></a>, July/August 2003 ISSN 1070-4795.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roger Summit, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.dialog.com/publications/chronolog/200206/jun2002.pdf">Reflections on the Beginnings of Dialog: The Birth of Online Information Access</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.dialog.com/publications/chronolog">Chronolog</a>, June 2002. The Dialog Corp. ISSN 0163-3732</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dialog.com/about">Thomson Scientific and the invention of online information services</a>, visited 1/26/2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phyllis E. Worden, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joe.org/joe/1988summer/tt1.html">Knowledge Index</a>. <i>Journal of Extension</i>, Volume 26 Number 2, 1988. ISSN 1077-5315</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ProQuest_Dialog&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dialog.com">Dialog Solutions</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_database.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Crystal_Clear_app_database.png/32px-Crystal_Clear_app_database.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Crystal_Clear_app_database.png/48px-Crystal_Clear_app_database.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Crystal_Clear_app_database.png/64px-Crystal_Clear_app_database.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a>-related article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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