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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pandu arah </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Laman-Utama" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama"><span>Laman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Tinjau" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinjau"><span>Tinjau</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hal_semasa" title="Cari maklumat latar belakang mengenai peristiwa semasa"><span>Hal semasa</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Muat laman rawak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rencana rawak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Perhubungan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Tentang-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Gerbang-komuniti" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gerbang_Komuniti"><span>Gerbang komuniti</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_terkini" title="Senarai perubahan terkini dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Menderma" class="mw-list-item"><a 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cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikipedia" aria-label="Cari Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Alat peribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Tukar penampilan saiz, lebar dan warna fon laman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Penampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Penampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Eukariot&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Eukariot&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Eukariot&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Eukariot&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Lihat sumber bagi Eukariot</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Rencana ini hanya wujud dalam bahasa ini. Tambah rencana untuk bahasa lain" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tambahkan bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>Anda boleh melihat dan menyalin sumber bagi laman ini. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="ms" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{Automatic taxobox | name=Eukaryota | fossil_range=[[Orosirian]] – [[Holosen|Kini]] {{long fossil range|1850|0 |earliest=2600}} | image=Eukaryota diversity 2.jpg | image_caption=Aneka makhluk eukariot | taxon=Eukaryota | authority=([[Édouard Chatton|Chatton]], 1925) [[Robert Whittaker|Whittaker]] & [[Lynn Margulis|Margulis]], 1978 | subdivision_ranks=[[Alam (biologi)|Superkumpulan]] dan [[Alam (biologi)|alam]] | subdivision = * [[Diphoda]] **[[Discoba]] **[[Hemimastigophora]] **[[Diaphoretickes]] ***[[Archaeplastida]] ***[[Hacrobia]] ***[[Superkumpulan SAR|SAR]] * [[Opimoda]] **[[Loukozoa]] **[[Podiata]] ***[[CRuMs]] ***[[Amorphea]] ---- Eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified under the kingdoms Plantae, Animalia or Fungi are sometimes grouped in the kingdom '''[[Protista]]'''. {{!}}- style="background:#e0d0b0;" {{!}} }} '''Eukariot''' ialah sejenis [[organisma]] yang [[sel (biologi)|sel-selnya]] mengandungi struktur-struktur kompleks yang terlindung dalam [[membran (biologi)|membran]]. Eukariot dikenali secara formal dengan nama [[takson]] '''Eukarya''' atau '''Eukaryota'''. Struktur ikatan membran yang membezakan sel eukariot daripada sel [[prokariot]] ialah [[Nukleus sel|nukleus]], atau [[sampul nukleus]] yang mengandungi bahan genetik.<ref name="Youngson">{{cite book| last= Youngson| first= Robert M.| title= Collins Dictionary of Human Biology| year= 2006| publisher= HarperCollins| location= Glasgow| isbn = 0-00-722134-7}}</ref><ref name="Nelson&Cox">{{Cite book|last1= Nelson|given1= David L. |surname2= Cox|given2= Michael M.|year=2005|title=Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry|edition=ke-4|publication-place=New York|publisher=W.H. Freeman|isbn=0716743396 }}</ref><ref name="Martin">{{cite book| editor=Martin, E.A.|edition=ke-2 | title= Macmillan Dictionary of Life Sciences| year= 1983| publisher= Macmillan Press| location= London| isbn= 0-333-34867-2}}</ref> Malahan, hidupan eukariot dinamai sedemikian kerana kehadiran nukleus ini (gabungan perkataan [[Bahasa Yunani|Yunani]] {{lang|el|ευ}} ''eu'' "baik" dan {{lang|el|κάρυον}} ''karyon'' "kacang" atau "inti").<ref name="OnlineEtDict">{{OEtymD|eukaryotic}}</ref> Kebanyakan sel eukariot juga mengandungi lain-lain [[organel]] ikatan membran seperti [[mitokondria]], [[kloroplas]] dan [[jasad Golgi]]. Semua [[spesies]] organisma eukariot yang besar dan kompleks merupakan eukariot, termasuk [[haiwan]], [[tumbuhan]] dan [[kulat]], namun kebanyakan spesies eukariot merupakan [[mikroorganisma]] [[protis]]. [[Pembahagian sel]] dalam eukariot adalah berbeza dengan organisma tanpa nukelus ([[prokariot]]). Ia melibatkan pengasingan [[kromosom]] yang diduakan melalui pergerakan yang diarahkan oleh mikrotubul. Terdapat dua jenis proses pembahagian, iaitu [[mitosis]] yang mana satu sel berpecah kepada dua sel yang seiras secara genetik; dan [[meiosis]] yang diperlukan dalam [[pembiakan seks]], iaitu satu sel [[diploid]] (dengan dua kromosom, satu dari setiap induk) menjalani [[Pencantuman semula genetik|pencantuman semula]] setiap pasang kromosom induk, kemudian dua peringkat pembahagian sel, maka terhasilnya empat sel [[haploid]] ([[gamet]]). Setiap gamet mempunyai hanya satu pelengkap kromosom, yang mana setiap satu kromosom ini merupakan campuran unik pasangan kromosom induknya. Eukariot kelihatan sebagai [[monofiletik]], dan oleh itu merupakan salah satu daripada tiga [[domain (biologi)|domain]] hidupan. Dua lagi domain, iaitu [[Bacteria]] dan [[Archaea]], merupakan prokariot dan tidak memiliki ciri-ciri yang disebut di atas. Eukariot merupakan minoriti yang sangat sedikit di kalangan segala hidupan; dalam tubuh manusia pun terdapat 10 kali lebih banyak mikroogranisma berbanding sel manusia.<ref>{{cite news|last=Zimmer|first=Carl|title=How Microbes Defend and Define Us|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/13/science/13micro.html?_r=2&pagewanted=all|accessdate=17 Julai 2010|newspaper=New York Times|date=13 Julai 2010}}</ref> Namun demikian, disebabkan saiznya yang lebih besar, jumlah terkumpul biojisim sedunia eukariot dianggarkan lebih kurang setara dengan prokariot.<ref name="Whitman etal">Whitman, Coleman, and Wiebe, [http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/95/12/6578.pdf Prokaryotes: The unseen majority], Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 95, pp. 6578–6583, June 1998</ref> ==Sel eukariot== Sel eukariot memiliki pelbagai jenis, dengan sel haiwan dan [[sel tumbuhan]] merupakan sel-sel eukariot yang paling lazim. Sementara itu, sel-sel kulat dan protista pula memiliki perbezaan yang ketara. ===Sel haiwan=== Semua haiwan ialah makhluk eukariot. Sel-sel haiwan boleh dibezakan daripada eukariot-eukariot lain, terutamanya tumbuhan kerana tidak memiliki [[dinding sel]] dan [[kloroplas]], serta mempunyai [[vakuol]] yang lebih kecil. Dengan tiadanya dinding sel, sel-sel haiwan boleh memiliki pelbagai bentuk, dan boleh juga menelan struktur dan sel lain. ==Rujukan== {{Reflist|30em}} {{NCBI-scienceprimer}} ==Pautan luar== {{wikispecies|Eukaryota}} * [http://www.tolweb.org/Eukaryotes/3 Eukaryotes (Tree of Life web site)] * [http://wiki.biomine.skelleftea.se/wiki/index.php/Prokaryote_versus_eukaryote Prokaryote versus eukaryote, BioMineWiki] * {{eol|2908256}} {{Kawalan kewibawaan}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2011}} [[Kategori:Eukariot| ]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Templat yang digunakan dalam laman ini: </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Templat:;" title="Templat:;">Templat:;</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:;&action=edit" title="Templat:;">sunting</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Templat:All_time_250px" title="Templat:All time 250px">Templat:All time 250px</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:All_time_250px&action=edit" title="Templat:All time 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