NIST Blogs | NIST

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# "> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.nist.gov/blogs","20230830171813","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1693415893"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"/><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["gov-bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"37b7ccb661",applicationID:"1089704227"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.238.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{"use strict";var e,t,n={763:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{P_:()=>f,Mt:()=>p,C5:()=>s,DL:()=>m,OP:()=>j,lF:()=>T,Yu:()=>y,Dg:()=>g,CX:()=>c,GE:()=>b,sU:()=>E});var r=n(632),i=n(567);const o={beacon:r.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:r.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.D)(t,o),(0,r.Qy)(e,a[e],"info")}var d=n(56);const u=()=>{const e={blockSelector:"[data-nr-block]",maskInputOptions:{password:!0}};return{allow_bfcache:!0,privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},session:{domain:void 0,expiresMs:d.oD,inactiveMs:d.Hb},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},metrics:{enabled:!0},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},page_view_event:{enabled:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,long_task:!1},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},session_replay:{enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,sampleRate:.1,errorSampleRate:.1,maskTextSelector:"*",maskAllInputs:!0,get blockClass(){return"nr-block"},get ignoreClass(){return"nr-ignore"},get maskTextClass(){return"nr-mask"},get blockSelector(){return e.blockSelector},set blockSelector(t){e.blockSelector+=",".concat(t)},get maskInputOptions(){return e.maskInputOptions},set maskInputOptions(t){e.maskInputOptions={...t,password:!0}}},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10}}},l={};function f(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");l[e]=(0,i.D)(t,u()),(0,r.Qy)(e,l[e],"config")}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");var n=f(e);if(n){for(var r=t.split("."),i=0;i<r.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(n=n[r[i]]))return;n=n[r[r.length-1]]}return n}const h={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},v={};function m(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!v[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return v[e]}function b(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");v[e]=(0,i.D)(t,h),(0,r.Qy)(e,v[e],"loader_config")}const y=(0,r.mF)().o;var w=n(385),A=n(818);const x={buildEnv:A.Re,bytesSent:{},queryBytesSent:{},customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,distMethod:A.gF,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,offset:Math.floor(w._A?.performance?.timeOrigin||w._A?.performance?.timing?.navigationStart||Date.now()),onerror:void 0,origin:""+w._A.location,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},session:void 0,xhrWrappable:"function"==typeof w._A.XMLHttpRequest?.prototype?.addEventListener,version:A.q4,denyList:void 0},D={};function j(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!D[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return D[e]}function E(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");D[e]=(0,i.D)(t,x),(0,r.Qy)(e,D[e],"runtime")}function T(e){return function(e){try{const t=s(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}(e)}},567:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{D:()=>i});var r=n(50);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,r.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,r.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");const n=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(n).length?e:n;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?n[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):n[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,r.Z)("An error occurred while setting a property of a Configurable",e)}return n}catch(e){(0,r.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}},818:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Re:()=>i,gF:()=>o,q4:()=>r});const r="1.238.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},385:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{IF:()=>c,Nk:()=>u,Tt:()=>a,_A:()=>o,il:()=>r,pL:()=>s,v6:()=>i,w1:()=>d});const r="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,i="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),o=r?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),a=(o?.location,/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(navigator.userAgent)),s=a&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,c=(()=>{const e=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),d=Boolean(r&&window.document.documentMode),u=!!navigator.sendBeacon},711:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{w:()=>o});var r=n(50);const i={agentIdentifier:"",ee:void 0};class o{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,r.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,n]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=n)}))}catch(e){(0,r.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},0:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{L:()=>u,R:()=>c});var r=n(148),i=n(284),o=n(322),a=n(325);const s={};function c(e,t){const n={staged:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,n)}function d(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function u(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return a(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const n=[...s[e]];function a(t){const n=e?r.ee.get(e):r.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(n.backlog&&a){var s=n.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(var d=0;s&&d<s.length;++d)l(s[d],c);(0,i.D)(c,(function(e,t){(0,i.D)(t,(function(t,n){n[0].on(e,n[1])}))}))}delete a[t],n.backlog[t]=null,n.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}n.every((e=>{let[t,n]=e;return n.staged}))&&(n.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),n.forEach((e=>{let[t]=e;a(t)})))}function l(e,t){var n=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[n],(function(t,n){var r=e[0];if(n[0]===r){var i=n[1],o=e[3],a=e[2];i.apply(o,a)}}))}},148:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{A:()=>c,ee:()=>d});var r=n(632),i=n(210),o=n(763);class a{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}var s=n(117);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.a),d=function e(t,n){var r={},s={},u={},f=!1;try{f=16===n.length&&(0,o.OP)(n).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var g={on:h,addEventListener:h,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var n=r[e];if(!n)return;for(var i=0;i<n.length;i++)n[i]===t&&n.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,n,r,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(d.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,n,r);for(var a=p(r),c=v(e),u=c.length,l=0;l<u;l++)c[l].apply(a,n);var f=b()[s[e]];f&&f.push([g,e,n,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:v,context:p,buffer:function(e,t){const n=b();if(t=t||"feature",g.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((e=>{let[r,i]=e;s[i]=t,t in n||(n[t]=[])}))},abort:l,aborted:!1,isBuffering:function(e){return!!b()[s[e]]},debugId:n,backlog:f?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return g;function p(e){return e&&e instanceof a?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,c,(()=>new a(c))):new a(c)}function h(e,t){r[e]=v(e).concat(t)}function v(e){return r[e]||[]}function m(t){return u[t]=u[t]||e(g,t)}function b(){return g.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),u=(0,r.fP)();function l(){d.aborted=!0,d.backlog={}}u.ee||(u.ee=d)},546:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{E:()=>r,p:()=>i});var r=n(148).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,n,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,n)):(r.buffer([e],i),r.emit(e,t,n))}},322:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{X:()=>o});var r=n(546);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,n,o){a(o||r.E,i,e,t,n)}function a(e,t,n,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=r.E);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[n]=a[n]||[]).push([e,i])}},239:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});var r=n(385);let i=!1,o=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return o=!0,!1}};r._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),r._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function a(e,t){return i||o?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],r=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;window.addEventListener(e,t,a(n,r))}function c(e,t){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],r=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;document.addEventListener(e,t,a(n,r))}},117:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{a:()=>r});const r=(0,n(402).Rl)()},402:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Rl:()=>a,ky:()=>s});var r=n(385);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=r._A?.crypto||r._A?.msCrypto;let t,n=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,++n).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=r._A?.crypto||r._A?.msCrypto;let n,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(n=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(n,++i).toString(16));return a.join("")}},56:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Bq:()=>r,Hb:()=>o,oD:()=>i});const r="NRBA",i=144e5,o=18e5},894:(e,t,n)=>{function r(){return Math.round(performance.now())}n.d(t,{z:()=>r})},50:(e,t,n)=>{function r(e,t){"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}n.d(t,{Z:()=>r})},587:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{N:()=>c,T:()=>d});var r=n(148),i=n(546),o=n(0),a=n(325);const s={stn:[a.D.sessionTrace],err:[a.D.jserrors,a.D.metrics],ins:[a.D.pageAction],spa:[a.D.spa],sr:[a.D.sessionReplay,a.D.sessionTrace]};function c(e,t){const n=r.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&(Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;void 0===d[t]&&(s[t]?s[t].forEach((e=>{r?(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,e,n):(0,i.p)("block-"+t,[],void 0,e,n),(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+t,[Boolean(r)],void 0,e,n)})):r&&(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,void 0,n),d[t]=Boolean(r))})),Object.keys(s).forEach((e=>{void 0===d[e]&&(s[e]?.forEach((t=>(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+e,[!1],void 0,t,n))),d[e]=!1)})),(0,o.L)(t,a.D.pageViewEvent))}const d={}},210:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{X:()=>i});var r=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,n){if(r.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=n();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},284:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{D:()=>r});const r=(e,t)=>Object.entries(e||{}).map((e=>{let[n,r]=e;return t(n,r)}))},351:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{P:()=>o});var r=n(148);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,n)=>{if("object"==typeof n&&null!==n){if(e.has(n))return;e.add(n)}return n}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())}catch(e){try{r.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}}},960:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{K:()=>a,b:()=>o});var r=n(239);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,r.bP)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,r.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},632:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{EZ:()=>d,Qy:()=>c,ce:()=>o,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>u,mF:()=>s});var r=n(894),i=n(385);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t,n){let i=a();const o=i.initializedAgents||{},s=o[e]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,r.z)(),date:new Date}),i.initializedAgents={...o,[e]:{...s,[n]:t}},i}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function u(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},956:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{N:()=>i});var r=n(239);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1],n=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,i=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;return void(0,r.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"==document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),n,i)}},81:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{gF:()=>o,mY:()=>i,t9:()=>r,vz:()=>s,xS:()=>a});const r=n(325).D.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},633:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Dz:()=>i,OJ:()=>a,qw:()=>o,t9:()=>r});const r=n(325).D.pageViewEvent,i="firstbyte",o="domcontent",a="windowload"},251:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{t:()=>r});const r=n(325).D.pageViewTiming},938:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{W:()=>o});var r=n(763),i=n(148);class o{constructor(e,t,n){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=i.ee.get(e,(0,r.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).isolatedBacklog),this.featureName=n,this.blocked=!1}}},144:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{j:()=>v});var r=n(325),i=n(763),o=n(546),a=n(148),s=n(894),c=n(0),d=n(960),u=n(385),l=n(50),f=n(81),g=n(632);function p(){const e=(0,g.gG)();["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var n=arguments.length,r=new Array(n),i=0;i<n;i++)r[i]=arguments[i];return function(t){for(var n=arguments.length,r=new Array(n>1?n-1:0),i=1;i<n;i++)r[i-1]=arguments[i];let o=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&o.push(e.api[t](...r))})),o.length>1?o:o[0]}(t,...r)}}))}var h=n(587);function v(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},v=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,m=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:b,info:y,loader_config:w,runtime:A={loaderType:v},exposed:x=!0}=t;const D=(0,g.gG)();y||(b=D.init,y=D.info,w=D.loader_config),(0,i.Dg)(e,b||{}),(0,i.GE)(e,w||{}),y.jsAttributes??={},u.v6&&(y.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.CX)(e,y);const j=(0,i.P_)(e);A.denyList=[...j.ajax?.deny_list||[],...j.ajax?.block_internal?[y.beacon,y.errorBeacon]:[]],(0,i.sU)(e,A),p();const E=function(e,t){t||(0,c.R)(e,"api");const g={};var p=a.ee.get(e),h=p.get("tracer"),v="api-",m=v+"ixn-";function b(t,n,r,o){const a=(0,i.C5)(e);return null===n?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.CX)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:n}}),A(v,r,!0,o||null===n?"session":void 0)(t,n)}function y(){}["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"].forEach((e=>g[e]=A(v,e,!0,"api"))),g.addPageAction=A(v,"addPageAction",!0,r.D.pageAction),g.setCurrentRouteName=A(v,"routeName",!0,r.D.spa),g.setPageViewName=function(t,n){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,i.OP)(e).customTransaction=(n||"https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/http://custom.transaction")+t,A(v,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return b(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",n);(0,l.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nNon-null value must be a string or number type, but a type of <".concat(typeof t,"> was provided."))}else(0,l.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nName must be a string type, but a type of <".concat(typeof e,"> was provided."))},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.Z)("Failed to execute setUserId.\nNon-null value must be a string type, but a type of <".concat(typeof e,"> was provided."))},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.Z)("Failed to execute setApplicationVersion. Expected <String | null>, but got <".concat(typeof e,">."))},g.interaction=function(){return(new y).get()};var w=y.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var n={},i=this,a="function"==typeof t;return(0,o.p)(m+"tracer",[(0,s.z)(),e,n],i,r.D.spa,p),function(){if(h.emit((a?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,s.z)(),i,a],n),a)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw h.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,e],n),e}finally{h.emit("fn-end",[(0,s.z)()],n)}}}};function A(e,t,n,i){return function(){return(0,o.p)(f.xS,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,r.D.metrics,p),i&&(0,o.p)(e+t,[(0,s.z)(),...arguments],n?null:this,i,p),n?void 0:this}}function x(){n.e(75).then(n.bind(n,438)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:n}=t;n(e),(0,c.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,l.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{w[e]=A(m,e,void 0,r.D.spa)})),g.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,o.p)(f.xS,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,r.D.metrics,p),(0,o.p)("err",[e,(0,s.z)(),!1,t],void 0,r.D.jserrors,p)},u.il?(0,d.b)((()=>x()),!0):x(),g}(e,m);return(0,g.Qy)(e,E,"api"),(0,g.Qy)(e,x,"exposed"),(0,g.EZ)("activatedFeatures",h.T),E}},325:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{D:()=>r,p:()=>i});const r={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[r.pageViewEvent]:1,[r.pageViewTiming]:2,[r.metrics]:3,[r.jserrors]:4,[r.ajax]:5,[r.sessionTrace]:6,[r.pageAction]:7,[r.spa]:8,[r.sessionReplay]:9}}},r={};function i(e){var t=r[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=r[e]={exports:{}};return n[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=n,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var n in t)i.o(t,n)&&!i.o(e,n)&&Object.defineProperty(e,n,{enumerable:!0,get:t[n]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,n)=>(i.f[n](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum.3709cb75-1.238.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.238.0.PROD:",i.l=(n,r,o,a)=>{if(e[n])e[n].push(r);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var d=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),u=0;u<d.length;u++){var l=d[u];if(l.getAttribute("src")==n||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}s||(c=!0,(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=n),e[n]=[r];var f=(t,r)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(g);var i=e[n];if(delete e[n],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(r))),t)return t(r)},g=setTimeout(f.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=f.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=f.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={50:0,832:0};i.f.j=(t,n)=>{var r=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==r)if(r)n.push(r[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((n,i)=>r=e[t]=[n,i]));n.push(r[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(n=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(r=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),r)){var o=n&&("load"===n.type?"missing":n.type),a=n&&n.target&&n.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,r[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,n)=>{var r,o,[a,s,c]=n,d=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(r in s)i.o(s,r)&&(i.m[r]=s[r]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(n);d<a.length;d++)o=a[d],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},n=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.238.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.238.0.PROD"]||[];n.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),n.push=t.bind(null,n.push.bind(n))})(),(()=>{var e=i(50);class t{addPageAction(t,n){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api addPageAction failed. The session trace feature is not currently initialized.")}setPageViewName(t,n){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setPageViewName failed. The page view feature is not currently initialized.")}setCustomAttribute(t,n,r){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setCustomAttribute failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}noticeError(t,n){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api noticeError failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}setUserId(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setUserId failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}setApplicationVersion(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setApplicationVersion failed. The agent is not currently initialized.")}setErrorHandler(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setErrorHandler failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}finished(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api finished failed. The page action feature is not currently initialized.")}addRelease(t,n){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api addRelease failed. The agent is not currently initialized.")}}var n=i(325),r=i(763);const o=Object.values(n.D);function a(e){const t={};return o.forEach((n=>{t[n]=function(e,t){return!1!==(0,r.Mt)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(n,e)})),t}var s=i(144);var c=i(546),d=i(385),u=i(0),l=i(938),f=i(960);class g extends l.W{constructor(e,t,n){let r=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,n),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler,this.featAggregate,this.onAggregateImported,r&&(0,u.R)(e,n)}importAggregator(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;const n=d.il&&!0===(0,r.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"privacy.cookies_enabled");let o;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{o=e}));const a=async()=>{let r;try{if(n){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(75).then(i.bind(i,228));r=e(this.agentIdentifier)}}catch(t){(0,e.Z)("A problem occurred when starting up session manager. This page will not start or extend any session.",t)}try{if(!this.shouldImportAgg(this.featureName,r))return(0,u.L)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void o(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(75).then(i.bind(i,582)),{Aggregate:n}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new n(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator,t),o(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.Z)("Downloading and initializing ".concat(this.featureName," failed..."),t),this.abortHandler?.(),o(!1)}};d.il?(0,f.b)((()=>a()),!0):a()}shouldImportAgg(e,t){return e!==n.D.sessionReplay||!!r.Yu.MO&&(!1!==(0,r.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"session_trace.enabled")&&(!!t?.isNew||!!t?.state.sessionReplay))}}var p=i(633),h=i(894);class v extends g{static featureName=p.t9;constructor(e,t){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];if(super(e,t,p.t9,i),("undefined"==typeof PerformanceNavigationTiming||d.Tt)&&"undefined"!=typeof PerformanceTiming){const t=(0,r.OP)(e);t[p.Dz]=Math.max(Date.now()-t.offset,0),(0,f.K)((()=>t[p.qw]=Math.max((0,h.z)()-t[p.Dz],0))),(0,f.b)((()=>{const e=(0,h.z)();t[p.OJ]=Math.max(e-t[p.Dz],0),(0,c.p)("timing",["load",e],void 0,n.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}this.importAggregator()}}var m=i(711),b=i(284);class y extends m.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,n,r,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);return o.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,b.D)(e,(function(e,n){t[e]=w(n,t[e])})),t}(r,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,n,r,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);if(o.metrics){var a=o.metrics;a.count+=n.count,(0,b.D)(n,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var r=a[e],i=n[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=w(i.t,r):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=A(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}else o.metrics=n}storeMetric(e,t,n,r){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,n);return i.stats=w(r,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,n,r){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:n||{}},r&&(i.custom=r)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},n="",r=!1,i=0;i<e.length;i++)t[n=e[i]]=x(this.aggregatedData[n]),t[n].length&&(r=!0),delete this.aggregatedData[n];return r?t:null}}function w(e,t){return null==e?function(e){e?e.c++:e={c:1};return e}(t):t?(t.c||(t=A(t.t)),t.c+=1,t.t+=e,t.sos+=e*e,e>t.max&&(t.max=e),e<t.min&&(t.min=e),t):{t:e}}function A(e){return{t:e,min:e,max:e,sos:e*e,c:1}}function x(e){return"object"!=typeof e?[]:(0,b.D)(e,D)}function D(e,t){return t}var j=i(632),E=i(402),T=i(351);var _=i(956),k=i(239),P=i(251);class C extends g{static featureName=P.t;constructor(e,t){let n=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,P.t,n),d.il&&((0,r.OP)(e).initHidden=Boolean("hidden"===document.visibilityState),(0,_.N)((()=>(0,c.p)("docHidden",[(0,h.z)()],void 0,P.t,this.ee)),!0),(0,k.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,c.p)("winPagehide",[(0,h.z)()],void 0,P.t,this.ee))),this.importAggregator())}}var I=i(81);class N extends g{static featureName=I.t9;constructor(e,t){let n=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,I.t9,n),this.importAggregator()}}new class extends t{constructor(t){let n=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,E.ky)(16);super(),d._A?(this.agentIdentifier=n,this.sharedAggregator=new y({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(v),Object.assign(this,(0,s.j)(this.agentIdentifier,t,t.loaderType||"agent")),this.start()):(0,e.Z)("Failed to initial the agent. Could not determine the runtime environment.")}get config(){return{info:(0,r.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,r.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,r.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,r.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}start(){const t="features";try{const r=a(this.agentIdentifier),i=[...this.desiredFeatures];i.sort(((e,t)=>n.p[e.featureName]-n.p[t.featureName])),i.forEach((t=>{if(r[t.featureName]||t.featureName===n.D.pageViewEvent){const i=function(e){switch(e){case n.D.ajax:return[n.D.jserrors];case n.D.sessionTrace:return[n.D.ajax,n.D.pageViewEvent];case n.D.sessionReplay:return[n.D.sessionTrace];case n.D.pageViewTiming:return[n.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(t.featureName);i.every((e=>r[e]))||(0,e.Z)("".concat(t.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat((0,T.P)(i),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[t.featureName]=new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}})),(0,j.Qy)(this.agentIdentifier,this.features,t)}catch(n){(0,e.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",n);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,j.fP)();return delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.[t],delete this.sharedAggregator,r.ee?.abort(),delete r.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}addToTrace(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api addToTrace failed. The page action feature is not currently initialized.")}setCurrentRouteName(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setCurrentRouteName failed. The spa feature is not currently initialized.")}interaction(){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api interaction failed. The spa feature is not currently initialized.")}}({features:[v,C,N],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <noscript><style>form.antibot * :not(.antibot-message) { display: none !important; }</style> </noscript><script async src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813js_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-HEQ0YF2VYL"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag('set', {'cookie_flags': 'SameSite=None;Secure', 'cookie_domain': 'www.nist.gov'});gtag("config", "G-HEQ0YF2VYL", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});gtag("event", "custom", {"node_title":"NIST Blogs","node_id":"1564166","content_type":"Landing page"});</script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs"/> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/node/1564166"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="NIST Blogs | NIST"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NIST"/> <meta property="og:type" content="Article"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs"/> <meta property="og:title" content="NIST Blogs"/> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2019-05-09T10:20-04:00"/> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2019-08-27T15:16-04:00"/> <meta name="dcterms.title" content="NIST Blogs"/> <meta name="dcterms.date" content="2019-05-09T10:20-04:00"/> <meta name="dcterms.type" content="text"/> <meta name="dcterms.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dcterms.identifier" content="https://www.nist.gov/blogs"/> <meta name="dcterms.source" content="NIST"/> <meta name="dcterms.created" content="2019-05-09T10:20-04:00"/> <meta name="dcterms.modified" content="2019-08-27T15:16-04:00"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content=""/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="NIST"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="NIST Blogs"/> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/blogs"/> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="QMu0ODkER3rN5hLcMLqNVf7e3bkjYsNLTuhqfH48jCA"/> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 9 (https://www.drupal.org)"/> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width"/> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta name="nist_search_modified" class="elastic" content="2019-08-27T15:16:00-04:00"/> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "Article", "headline": "NIST Blogs | NIST", "datePublished": "2019-05-09T10:20-04:00", "dateModified": "2019-08-27T15:16-04:00" } ] }</script> <meta name="nist_search_bundle" class="elastic" content="landing"/> <link rel="icon" href="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"/> <title>NIST Blogs | NIST</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20230830171813cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_ORHYemAMmyOrJY4G2Lz3Kkwx2DCY83ABTSkjo1m4vUQ.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/web/20230830171813cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_J7RuJ-PwWY36lMjcmfbU1Uvs509-G5bIcbR2QTQU4K0.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/web/20230830171813cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_zbjDhj-AmeVwgu9y0DlPwEfp7l-a5BpoK3MpoGmRB6o.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20230830171813cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_PV0KmreUx3hVeYI6yGypf71UDz9BSQl1Z5DjiESDh-Y.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/web/20230830171813cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_28JMloE3SN_ozJqzA2z1o39KeZz_WpYh9A8QES7CNE8.css"/> <script src="/web/20230830171813js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_VDwaIMNiRtzQn-NZvj1F9loIzJ-i4yEDiruzS8Z6Ejo.js"></script> </head> <body class="node-1564166"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable" data-elastic-exclude> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>  <section data-elastic-exclude class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official government website"> <div class="usa-accordion"> <header class="usa-banner__header"> <div class="usa-banner__inner"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <img class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag"> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto"> <p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p> <p class="usa-banner__header-action" aria-hidden="true">Here’s how you know</p> </div> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default"> <span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span> </button> </div> </header> <div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg"> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Official websites use .gov</strong> <br/> A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. </p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong> <br/> A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewbox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-title banner-lock-description" focusable="false"> <title id="banner-lock-title">Lock</title> <desc id="banner-lock-description">A locked padlock</desc><path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"/></svg> </span> ) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section>  <div data-elastic-exclude>  <div class="nist-print-header" style="display:none;"> <p class="nist-print-header__url">https://www.nist.gov/blogs</p> <img class="nist-print-header__logo" width="289" height="38" src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/nist_logo_sidestack.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology"/> </div> <div class="usa-overlay"></div> <header class="usa-header nist-header--www nist-header--minimal" role="banner"> <div class="usa-navbar"> <div class="usa-logo flex-fill"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" aria-label="Home"> <img src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/logo.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology" width="300px" height="80px"/> </a> </div> <div class="usa-header__right grid-row flex-auto"> <div class="grid-col-fill nist-header__search-group"> <form class="usa-search usa-search--small" accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/search" id="search_form" method="get"> <div role="search"> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="search-form">Search NIST</label> <input class="usa-input" id="search-form" type="search" name="s" placeholder="Search NIST" required="" maxlength="128"> <button class="usa-button" type="submit"><img src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/usa-icons-bg/search--white.svg" class="usa-search__submit-icon" alt="Search"></button> </div> </form> </div> <div class="grid-col-auto padding-left-1"> <button class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button> </div> </div> </div> <nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav"> <div class="usa-nav__inner"> <button class="usa-nav__close">Close</button> <ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-1"><span>Topics</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-1" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/topics" class="usa-nav__link">All Topics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/advanced-communications" class="usa-nav__link">Advanced communications</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence" class="usa-nav__link">Artificial intelligence</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/bioscience" class="usa-nav__link">Bioscience</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/buildings-construction" class="usa-nav__link">Buildings and construction</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/chemistry" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/climate" class="usa-nav__link">Climate</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity" class="usa-nav__link">Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/electronics" class="usa-nav__link">Electronics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/energy" class="usa-nav__link">Energy</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/environment" class="usa-nav__link">Environment</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/fire" class="usa-nav__link">Fire</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/forensic-science" class="usa-nav__link">Forensic science</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/health" class="usa-nav__link">Health</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/information-technology" class="usa-nav__link">Information technology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/infrastructure" class="usa-nav__link">Infrastructure</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/manufacturing" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/materials" class="usa-nav__link">Materials</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/mathematics-statistics" class="usa-nav__link">Mathematics and statistics</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/metrology" class="usa-nav__link">Metrology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/nanotechnology" class="usa-nav__link">Nanotechnology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/neutron-research" class="usa-nav__link">Neutron research</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/performance-excellence" class="usa-nav__link">Performance excellence</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/physics" class="usa-nav__link">Physics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/public-safety" class="usa-nav__link">Public safety</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/resilience" class="usa-nav__link">Resilience</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/standards" class="usa-nav__link">Standards</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/transportation" class="usa-nav__link">Transportation</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <a class="usa-nav__link" href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/publications">Publications</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-3"><span>Labs & Major Programs</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-3" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/laboratories" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratories</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/ctl" class="usa-nav__link">Communications Technology Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/el" class="usa-nav__link">Engineering Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/itl" class="usa-nav__link">Information Technology Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/mml" class="usa-nav__link">Material Measurement Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/pml" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Measurement Laboratory</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/user-facilities" class="usa-nav__link">User Facilities</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/ncnr" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Center for Neutron Research</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/cnst" class="usa-nav__link">CNST NanoFab</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/research-test-beds" class="usa-nav__link">Research Test Beds</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/projects-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Research Projects</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments" class="usa-nav__link">Tools & Instruments</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/major-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Major Programs</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/baldrige" class="usa-nav__link">Baldrige Performance Excellence Program</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/chips" class="usa-nav__link">CHIPS for America Initiative</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/mep" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/oam" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Advanced Manufacturing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/spo" class="usa-nav__link">Special Programs Office</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">Technology Partnerships Office</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-4"><span>Services & Resources</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/standards-and-measurements" class="usa-nav__link">Standards and Measurements</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/calibrations" class="usa-nav__link">Calibration Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/nvlap" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratory Accreditation (NVLAP)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/nist-quality-system" class="usa-nav__link">Quality System</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/srm" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/standardsgov" class="usa-nav__link">Standards.gov</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services" class="usa-nav__link">Time Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Weights and Measures</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software" class="usa-nav__link">Software</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/data" class="usa-nav__link">Data</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry WebBook</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://nvd.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">National Vulnerability Database</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/pml/productsservices/physical-reference-data" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Reference Data</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/srd" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Data (SRD)</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/shop" class="usa-nav__link">Storefront</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">License & Patents</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://csrc.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Research Library</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link usa-current" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-5"><span>News & Events</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-5" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news" class="usa-nav__link">News</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events" class="usa-nav__link">Events</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs" class="usa-nav__link usa-current">Blogs</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/feature-stories" class="usa-nav__link">Feature Stories</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/awards" class="usa-nav__link">Awards</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/video-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Video Gallery</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/image-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Image Gallery</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/pao/media-contacts" class="usa-nav__link">Media Contacts</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-6"><span>About NIST</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-6" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist" class="usa-nav__link">About Us</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us" class="usa-nav__link">Contact Us</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/visit" class="usa-nav__link">Visit</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/careers" class="usa-nav__link">Careers</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/director/nist-organization-structure" class="usa-nav__link">Our Organization</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/director" class="usa-nav__link">Office of the Director</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/director/nist-organization-structure/budget-planning" class="usa-nav__link">Budget & Planning</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/work-nist" class="usa-nav__link">Work with NIST</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/history" class="usa-nav__link">History</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Digital Archives</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/nist-museum" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Museum</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/nist-and-nobel" class="usa-nav__link">NIST and the Nobel</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/education" class="usa-nav__link">Educational Resources</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </header>  </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <div id="block-nist-www-content" class="nist-block"> <section class="nist-page__content usa-section clearfix"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-top-full"> <div class="views-element-container nist-block"> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-3b5f9d621dff472117dc815d317a8d8e9b709caeaf03f434dfffa14218efb491"> <div class="bg-base-lightest padding-y-4"> <div class="grid-container"> <h1>NIST Blogs</h1> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 margin-top-4"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-card nist-card--section nist-card--section-purple height-full padding-bottom-4 margin-bottom-4"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure"> <img src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/700_x_700_limit/public/images/2020/04/07/blog-banner-1.jpg?itok=LbmCUl3Q" width="700" height="162" alt="5 pictures: Woman in quantum sensor lab, man with bullet and microscope, woman in SRM lab, man starring at camera, woman at robotics lab" title="Composite image: 5 scientists" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title nist-card__title--link"> <h3><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure"> <h3 class="string">Taking Measure</h3> </a></h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__content"> <div class="text-long"><p>Provides a behind-the-scenes look at NIST’s research and programs, covering a broad range of science and technology areas.</p></div> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> <div class="nist-card__social"> <a class="nist-social nist-social--rss" href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/rss.xml"> <span>RSS</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--envelope" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new?topic_id=USNIST_309"> <span>Govdelivery</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-card nist-card--section height-full padding-bottom-4 margin-bottom-4"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/manufacturing-innovation-blog"> <img src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/700_x_700_limit/public/images/2017/10/19/drupal-blog-homepage.png?itok=rzGIFnyn" width="700" height="162" alt="Scientist in lab" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title nist-card__title--link"> <h3><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/manufacturing-innovation-blog"> <h3 class="string">Manufacturing Innovation Blog</h3> </a></h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__content"> <div class="text-long"><p>This blog from NIST's Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) program is a collection of discussions on key issues for U.S. manufacturers.</p></div> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/manufacturing-innovation-blog" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> <div class="nist-card__social"> <a class="nist-social nist-social--rss" href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/manufacturing-innovation-blog/rss.xml"> <span>RSS</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--envelope" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new?topic_id=USNIST_163"> <span>Govdelivery</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-card nist-card--section height-full padding-bottom-4 margin-bottom-4"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/blogrige"> <img src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/700_x_700_limit/public/images/2018/06/19/blogrige-banner.jpg?itok=fV0ccQcP" width="700" height="167" alt="Blogrige Banner Image" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title nist-card__title--link"> <h3><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/blogrige"> <h3 class="string">Blogrige</h3> </a></h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__content"> <div class="text-long"><p>The official blog of the Baldrige Performance Excellence Program, which educates organizations in performance excellence management and administers the Baldrige Award.</p></div> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/blogrige" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> <div class="nist-card__social"> <a class="nist-social nist-social--rss" href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/blogrige/rss.xml"> <span>RSS</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--envelope" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new?topic_id=USNIST_29"> <span>Govdelivery</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-card nist-card--section nist-card--section-darkgray height-full padding-bottom-4 margin-bottom-4"> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/cybersecurity-insights"> <img src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/700_x_700_limit/public/images/2019/04/02/nistcyber_banner-11.19.18-am.png?itok=rePJg15X" width="700" height="179" alt="NIST cyber banner image" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title nist-card__title--link"> <h3><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/cybersecurity-insights"> <h3 class="string">Cybersecurity Insights</h3> </a></h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__content"> <div class="text-long"><p>Official NIST cyber blog.</p></div> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/cybersecurity-insights" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> <div class="nist-card__social"> <a class="nist-social nist-social--rss" href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/cybersecurity-insights/rss.xml"> <span>RSS</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--envelope" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new?topic_id=USNIST_213"> <span>Govdelivery</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-top-4"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-top"> <div class="views-element-container nist-block"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Recent Blog Posts</h2> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-aff848e4468b926442a795bfc5766d2028f0ad9555a0c8b6c47f8cb3f43d9aeb"> <div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><article class="nist-teaser "> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/im-helping-my-garden-vegetables-and-my-students-bloom-where-they-are-planted" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/08/11/NIST_summer_institute_DSC_4735_web_072023.png?itok=cMXmW5jt" width="100" height="67" alt="Kandice Taylor, in safety glasses, laughs as she pours liquids into a glass flask that is overflowing with foam." typeof="Image"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/im-helping-my-garden-vegetables-and-my-students-bloom-where-they-are-planted" hreflang="en">I’m Helping My Garden Vegetables — and My Students — Bloom Where They Are Planted</a></h3> <div class="margin-top-0"><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure" hreflang="en">Taking Measure</a></div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <time datetime="2023-08-30T12:00:00Z">August 30, 2023</time> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> Middle school is the perfect time to plant the seed for a child to grow a lifelong love of science. </div> </div> </article></span></div></div> <div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><article class="nist-teaser "> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/blogrige/happy-labor-day-2023" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/08/18/Happy-Labor-Day-2023.jpg?itok=Boe-szS5" width="100" height="63" alt="Happy Labor Day 2023 showing tools from different occupations." typeof="Image"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/blogrige/happy-labor-day-2023" hreflang="en">Happy Labor Day 2023</a></h3> <div class="margin-top-0"><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/blogrige" hreflang="en">Blogrige</a></div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <time datetime="2023-08-29T12:00:00Z">August 29, 2023</time> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> Honoring those whose hard work makes our lives better </div> </div> </article></span></div></div> <div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><article class="nist-teaser "> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/blogrige/new-baldrige-star-shines-heaven" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/08/15/in-memoriam-Jane-Poulter.jpg?itok=8S8FebAY" width="100" height="63" alt="In Memoriam: Photo of Jane Poulter with white lilies in a vase beside frame." typeof="Image"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/blogrige/new-baldrige-star-shines-heaven" hreflang="en">A New Baldrige Star Shines in Heaven*</a></h3> <div class="margin-top-0"><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/blogrige" hreflang="en">Blogrige</a></div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <time datetime="2023-08-22T12:00:00Z">August 22, 2023</time> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> A Baldrige star has left our earthly realm and now shines brightly in heaven. On August 6 th , 2023, former Baldrige </div> </div> </article></span></div></div> <div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><article class="nist-teaser "> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/protecting-people-plumbing-pathogens-personal-me" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/07/20/alshae_logan_lab_1_071823_960x600_web.png?itok=Rbqfi7Yc" width="100" height="63" alt="Alshae' Logan-Jackson wears a purple coverall and safety glasses in the lab as she uses tweezers to hold a small white disk. " typeof="Image"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/protecting-people-plumbing-pathogens-personal-me" hreflang="en">Protecting People From Plumbing Pathogens Is Personal to Me</a></h3> <div class="margin-top-0"><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure" hreflang="en">Taking Measure</a></div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <time datetime="2023-08-16T12:00:00Z">August 16, 2023</time> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> Pathogens can get into our water through plumbing and are especially dangerous for people with compromised immune systems. </div> </div> </article></span></div></div> <div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><article class="nist-teaser "> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/manufacturing-innovation-blog/manufacturing-day-changing-peoples-perceptions" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/08/23/mfg-day-blogFeaturedImage.png?itok=o5JyPODg" width="100" height="43" alt="Students in a manufacturing facility" typeof="Image"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/manufacturing-innovation-blog/manufacturing-day-changing-peoples-perceptions" hreflang="en">Manufacturing Day: Changing People’s Perceptions</a></h3> <div class="margin-top-0"><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/manufacturing-innovation-blog" hreflang="en">Manufacturing Innovation Blog</a></div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <time datetime="2023-08-15T12:00:00Z">August 15, 2023</time> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> Manufacturing Day, or MFG Day, has grown to mean many things since it was officially proclaimed in 2012 . Some celebrate </div> </div> </article></span></div></div> <div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><article class="nist-teaser "> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/manufacturing-innovation-blog/adrianne-kroll-be-open-opportunities-take-you-new-directions" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/08/22/Screen%20Shot%202023-08-22%20at%2010.53.50%20AM.png?itok=0ZuGGdJK" width="100" height="43" alt="Adrianne Kroll" typeof="Image"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/manufacturing-innovation-blog/adrianne-kroll-be-open-opportunities-take-you-new-directions" hreflang="en">Adrianne Kroll: Be Open to Opportunities That Take You in New Directions</a></h3> <div class="margin-top-0"><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/manufacturing-innovation-blog" hreflang="en">Manufacturing Innovation Blog</a></div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <time datetime="2023-08-09T12:00:00Z">August 9, 2023</time> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> This blog is part of a series to celebrate and share the stories of Black American manufacturing leaders. Adrianne Kroll </div> </div> </article></span></div></div> <div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><article class="nist-teaser "> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/blogrige/baseball-baldrige-and-change-management" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/08/03/Baseball-Baldrige-Change-Management.jpg?itok=uShPGRGM" width="100" height="63" alt="Baseball pitcher getting ready to throw the ball to the batter with the new time pitch rule showing 15 seconds left." typeof="Image"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/blogrige/baseball-baldrige-and-change-management" hreflang="en">Baseball, Baldrige, and Change Management</a></h3> <div class="margin-top-0"><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/blogrige" hreflang="en">Blogrige</a></div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <time datetime="2023-08-08T12:00:00Z">August 8, 2023</time> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> I recently read an article on Forbes website by Michael Peregrine about lessons from this season's changes in baseball's </div> </div> </article></span></div></div> <div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><article class="nist-teaser "> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/summer-science-nist-interns-stories-their-time-lab" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/07/26/GraceWaters_072623.png?itok=tHAyBBGN" width="100" height="75" alt="Grace Waters poses smiling in the lab, leaning against a desk with a computer monitor showing data and graphs. " typeof="Image"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/summer-science-nist-interns-stories-their-time-lab" hreflang="en">A Summer of Science: NIST Interns’ Stories of Their Time in the Lab</a></h3> <div class="margin-top-0"><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure" hreflang="en">Taking Measure</a></div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <time datetime="2023-08-02T12:00:00Z">August 2, 2023</time> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> From measuring UV light to working on virtual reality software, a summer at NIST is not your average internship. </div> </div> </article></span></div></div> <div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><article class="nist-teaser "> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/manufacturing-innovation-blog/creativity-was-just-bursting-recapping-fireworks-2023" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/08/21/fireworks-conference-header.png?itok=VryiXg0T" width="100" height="31" alt="Fireworks – The MEP National Workforce Conference" typeof="Image"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/manufacturing-innovation-blog/creativity-was-just-bursting-recapping-fireworks-2023" hreflang="en">“The Creativity was Just Bursting!” – Recapping FireWorks 2023</a></h3> <div class="margin-top-0"><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/manufacturing-innovation-blog" hreflang="en">Manufacturing Innovation Blog</a></div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <time datetime="2023-07-31T12:00:00Z">July 31, 2023</time> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> When America Works started and I was charged with creating the MEP National Network’s first-ever workforce conference, I </div> </div> </article></span></div></div> <div><div class="views-field views-field-nothing"><span class="field-content"><article class="nist-teaser "> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/escaping-war-becoming-mom-3-once-science-has-always-been-there-me" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/06/14/2022-04-11_WorldQuantumDay_InCleanroom.jpg?itok=07ygBQ_8" width="100" height="56" alt="Under the orange lights of a clean room, Katarina Cicak, wearing a coverall and safety glasses, displays tiny chips in a plastic box." typeof="Image"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/escaping-war-becoming-mom-3-once-science-has-always-been-there-me" hreflang="en">From Escaping a War to Becoming a Mom of 3 at Once, Science Has Always Been There for Me</a></h3> <div class="margin-top-0"><a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure" hreflang="en">Taking Measure</a></div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <time datetime="2023-07-26T12:00:00Z">July 26, 2023</time> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> I learned as a young adult not to get too attached to material things; they can be gone in an instant. But there were some things I knew no one could ever take from me — an education and my love of science. </div> </div> </article></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-top-4"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-6"> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> </div> </section> </div> <div data-elastic-exclude>  <footer class="nist-footer padding-bottom-4"> <div class="grid-container nist-footer__info"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__logo"> <a href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" rel="home"> <img class="nist-footer__logo-img" src="/web/20230830171813im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/NIST-Logo-Brand-White.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology logo" width="300px" height="42px"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__contact"> <h3 class="nist-footer__contact-heading">HEADQUARTERS</h3> <address> 100 Bureau Drive<br> Gaithersburg, MD 20899<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/tel:301-975-2000">301-975-2000</a> </address> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/mailto:do-webmaster@nist.gov">Webmaster</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us">Contact Us</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/visit">Our Other Offices</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__social-links"> <a class="nist-social nist-social--twitter-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://twitter.com/NIST"> <span>Twitter</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.facebook.com/NIST"> <span>Facebook</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.linkedin.com/company/nist"> <span>LinkedIn</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--instagram-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.instagram.com/nist/"> <span>Instagram</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--youtube-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.youtube.com/NIST"> <span>YouTube</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--giphy-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://giphy.com/nist"> <span>Giphy</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--rss-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/nist-rss-feeds"> <span>RSS Feed</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new"> <span>Mailing List</span> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__feedback"> How are we doing? <a class="usa-button" rel="nofollow" href="/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/form/nist-gov-feedback?destination=/blogs" title="Provide feedback">Feedback</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-footer__nav" role="navigation"> <ul> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/privacy-policy">Site Privacy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/oism/accessibility">Accessibility</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/privacy">Privacy Program</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/oism/copyrights">Copyrights</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.commerce.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy">Vulnerability Disclosure</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/no-fear-act-policy">No Fear Act Policy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/office-director/freedom-information-act">FOIA</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/environmental-policy-statement">Environmental Policy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/summary-report-scientific-integrity">Scientific Integrity</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.nist.gov/nist-information-quality-standards">Information Quality Standards</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://www.commerce.gov/">Commerce.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/http://www.science.gov/">Science.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/http://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813/https://vote.gov/">Vote.gov</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer>  </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/1564166","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"back_to_top":{"back_to_top_button_trigger":100,"back_to_top_prevent_on_mobile":false,"back_to_top_prevent_in_admin":true,"back_to_top_button_type":"image","back_to_top_button_text":"Back to top"},"google_analytics":{"account":"G-HEQ0YF2VYL","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|bsh|c|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|dw(fx|g|gd)|dxf|eps|epub|exe|f(90)|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|m1v|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mobi|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|pl|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|rfa|rtf|rvt|sch|sea|sit|swf|tar|tgz|tif|txt|txz|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|wrl|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|xsd|z|zip"},"nist_search":{"clickTracking":"search-report-click","isDebug":false,"clickTrackEnabled":true,"message":"NIST Search in debug mode. Check the browsers network inspector for Click Track reporting results..."},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":false,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"\\.gov\\\/|\\.mil\\\/|\\manufacturingusa\\.com\\\/","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":true,"extAlertText":"Thank you for visiting NIST. We hope your visit was informative. We have provided a link to this site because it has information that may be of interest to our users. NIST does not necessarily endorse the views expressed or the facts presented on this site. Further, NIST does not endorse any commercial products that may be advertised or available on this site. Click OK to be directed to your link.","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":[]}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"582eea317b4636ab5a0dffc8c6a006df3d6901ea5610498a0bbefc925ea1da0f"}}</script> <script src="/web/20230830171813js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_vUzvThvSSVoHTSCkBCQkydhdsfaK1XKjKqS_Be_Zm8E.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230830171813js_/https://siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_6017546.js" async></script> <script src="/web/20230830171813js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_uqh7FX-i8Xg681oc_jxRphyTScuBg4ZoovDrgaxRXxc.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"gov-bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"37b7ccb661","applicationID":"1089704227","transactionName":"YFxUN0sADEdYVkBaClkWdwBNCA1aFkVVVABoWlcAUQQ=","queueTime":4,"applicationTime":26,"atts":"TBtXQQMaH0k=","errorBeacon":"gov-bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

NIST Blogs | NIST