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href="#Origins_and_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Origins and history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_and_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Practice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Human-powered" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human-powered"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Human-powered</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human-powered-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Handheld_wheels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handheld_wheels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Handheld wheels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handheld_wheels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Large_wheels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Large_wheels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Large wheels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Large_wheels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Row_installations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Row_installations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Row installations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Row_installations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Powered_by_other_means" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Powered_by_other_means"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Powered by other means</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Powered_by_other_means-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Water_wheels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_wheels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Water wheels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_wheels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fire_wheels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fire_wheels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Fire wheels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fire_wheels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wind_wheels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wind_wheels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Wind wheels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wind_wheels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electric_dharma_wheels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electric_dharma_wheels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>Electric dharma wheels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electric_dharma_wheels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" 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id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebetsmui" title="Gebetsmui – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gebetsmui" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="མ་ནི། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མ་ནི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roda_de_preg%C3%A0ria" title="Roda de pregària – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Roda de pregària" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modlitebn%C3%AD_ml%C3%BDnek" title="Modlitební mlýnek – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Modlitební mlýnek" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedem%C3%B8lle" title="Bedemølle – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bedemølle" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebetsm%C3%BChle" title="Gebetsmühle – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gebetsmühle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rueda_de_plegaria" title="Rueda de plegaria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rueda de plegaria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moulin_%C3%A0_pri%C3%A8res" title="Moulin à prières – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Moulin à prières" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%8B%88%EC%B0%A8" title="마니차 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마니차" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruota_della_preghiera" title="Ruota della preghiera – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ruota della preghiera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaker%C3%A9k" title="Imakerék – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Imakerék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രാർത്ഥനാചക്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രാർത്ഥനാചക്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebedsmolen" title="Gebedsmolen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gebedsmolen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E8%BB%8A" title="マニ車 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マニ車" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8nnekvern" title="Bønnekvern – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bønnekvern" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil%C3%ACnder_dj%27orassion" title="Silìnder dj'orassion – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Silìnder dj'orassion" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%82ynek_modlitewny" title="Młynek modlitewny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Młynek modlitewny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Молитвенный барабан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Молитвенный барабан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rukousmylly" title="Rukousmylly – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rukousmylly" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6nekvarn" title="Bönekvarn – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bönekvarn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="กงล้ออธิษฐาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กงล้ออธิษฐาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_xe_c%E1%BA%A7u_nguy%E1%BB%87n" title="Bánh xe cầu nguyện – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bánh xe cầu nguyện" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E7%B6%93%E7%AD%92" title="轉經筒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="轉經筒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80876#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Prayer_wheel" title="Special:EditPage/Prayer wheel">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Prayer+wheel%22">"Prayer wheel"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Prayer+wheel%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Prayer+wheel%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Prayer+wheel%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Prayer+wheel%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Prayer+wheel%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibetan_monastery_Prayer_Wheel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tibetan_monastery_Prayer_Wheel.jpg/250px-Tibetan_monastery_Prayer_Wheel.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tibetan_monastery_Prayer_Wheel.jpg/330px-Tibetan_monastery_Prayer_Wheel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tibetan_monastery_Prayer_Wheel.jpg/500px-Tibetan_monastery_Prayer_Wheel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Prayer wheels in <a href="/wiki/Mussoorie" title="Mussoorie">Mussoorie</a>, India</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prayer_drum_in_the_St._Petersburg_Buddhist_temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Prayer_drum_in_the_St._Petersburg_Buddhist_temple.jpg/200px-Prayer_drum_in_the_St._Petersburg_Buddhist_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Prayer_drum_in_the_St._Petersburg_Buddhist_temple.jpg/300px-Prayer_drum_in_the_St._Petersburg_Buddhist_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Prayer_drum_in_the_St._Petersburg_Buddhist_temple.jpg/400px-Prayer_drum_in_the_St._Petersburg_Buddhist_temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption>Prayer wheels at the <a href="/wiki/Datsan_Gunzechoinei" title="Datsan Gunzechoinei">Datsan Gunzechoinei</a> Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg, Russia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pilgrims,_Tsurphu_1993.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pilgrims%2C_Tsurphu_1993.JPG/200px-Pilgrims%2C_Tsurphu_1993.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pilgrims%2C_Tsurphu_1993.JPG/300px-Pilgrims%2C_Tsurphu_1993.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pilgrims%2C_Tsurphu_1993.JPG/400px-Pilgrims%2C_Tsurphu_1993.JPG 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="892" /></a><figcaption>Pilgrim with prayer wheel, <a href="/wiki/Tsurphu_Monastery" title="Tsurphu Monastery">Tsurphu Monastery</a>, 1993</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>prayer wheel</b>, or <b>mani wheel</b>, is a cylindrical <a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">wheel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1106655535">.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Jomolhari","Uchen","Noto Serif Tibetan Medium","Noto Serif Tibetan","BabelStone Tibetan Slim","Yagpo Tibetan Uni","Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya","Kailash","DDC Uchen","TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","DDC Rinzin","Qomolangma-Woodblock","Qomolangma-Dunhuang"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}</style><span lang="bo" class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">འཁོར་ལོ།</span>, <a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie</a>: <i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>khor lo</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oirat_language" title="Oirat language">Oirat</a>: <span lang="xal">кюрдэ</span>) for Buddhist recitation. The wheel is installed on a <a href="/wiki/Axle" title="Axle">spindle</a> made from <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a>, stone, <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a>, or coarse <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>. Prayer wheels are common in <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> and areas where <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_culture" title="Tibetan culture">Tibetan culture</a> is predominant. </p><p>Traditionally, a <a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">mantra</a> is written in <a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana script</a> or <a href="/wiki/Classical_Tibetan" title="Classical Tibetan">Tibetan script</a>, on the outside of the wheel. The mantra <a href="/wiki/Om_mani_padme_hum" title="Om mani padme hum">Om mani padme hum</a> is most commonly used, but other mantras can also be used. </p><p>Prayer wheels sometimes depict <a href="/wiki/Dakini" title="Dakini">dakinis</a> and the eight auspicious symbols (<i><a href="/wiki/Ashtamangala" title="Ashtamangala">ashtamangala</a></i>). At the core of the cylinder, as the axle of the wheel, is a "life tree" made of wood or metal with mantras written on or wrapped around it. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a> tradition, spinning such a wheel will have much the same <a href="/wiki/Merit_(Buddhism)" title="Merit (Buddhism)">meritorious</a> effect as <a href="/wiki/Speech" title="Speech">orally</a> <a href="/wiki/Recitation" title="Recitation">reciting</a> the prayers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclature_and_etymology">Nomenclature and etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prayer_wheel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nomenclature and etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Tibetan term is a contraction: "<span title="Standard Tibetan-language romanization"><i lang="bo-Latn">mani</i></span>" itself is a contraction of Sanskrit <i><a href="/wiki/Cintamani" title="Cintamani">cintamani</a></i>; "<span title="Standard Tibetan-language romanization"><i lang="bo-Latn">chos</i></span>" is Tibetan for <i><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharma</a></i>; and "<span title="Standard Tibetan-language romanization"><i lang="bo-Latn"><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>khor</i></span>" or "<span title="Standard Tibetan-language romanization"><i lang="bo-Latn">'khorlo</i></span>" means <i><a href="/wiki/Chakra" title="Chakra">chakrano</a></i>. </p><p>The common term, “prayer wheel” is a double misnomer. A long strip of rolled-up paper bearing printed or inscribed mantras rather than prayers, per se, is inside the cylinder. The term “mantra mill”, in contrast to “prayer wheel”, is perhaps a better translation of the Tibetan <span title="Standard Tibetan-language romanization"><i lang="bo-Latn">'khor-lo</i></span>, since a "mill" refers to a turning process that generates a particular output, in this case generating <a href="/wiki/Merit_(Buddhism)" title="Merit (Buddhism)">merit</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_and_history">Origins and history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prayer_wheel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prayer_Wheels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Prayer_Wheels.jpg/250px-Prayer_Wheels.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Prayer_Wheels.jpg/330px-Prayer_Wheels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Prayer_Wheels.jpg/500px-Prayer_Wheels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="417" /></a><figcaption>A little boy rolling the prayer wheels at <a href="/wiki/Swayambhunath" title="Swayambhunath">Swayambhunath</a>, Nepal</figcaption></figure> <p>The first prayer wheels, which are driven by wind, have been used in <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> since the fourth century.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept of the prayer wheel is a physical manifestation of the phrase "turning the wheel of <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a>", which describes the way in which the <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a> taught. </p><p>Historians, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_D._Lessing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand D. Lessing (page does not exist)">Ferdinand D. Lessing</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Lessing" class="extiw" title="fr:Ferdinand Lessing">fr</a>; <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Lessing" class="extiw" title="de:Ferdinand Lessing">de</a>; <a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Lessing" class="extiw" title="sv:Ferdinand Lessing">sv</a>]</span>, have argued that the prayer wheels developed from Chinese revolving <a href="/wiki/Bookcase" title="Bookcase">bookcases</a> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">轉輪藏</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">zhuàn lún zàng</span></i>), popular among Buddhist monasteries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrich1942_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrich1942-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Tibetan tradition, the prayer wheel lineage traces back to the famous Indian master, <a href="/wiki/Nagarjuna" title="Nagarjuna">Nagarjuna</a>. Tibetan texts also say that the practice was taught by the Indian Buddhist masters <a href="/wiki/Tilopa" title="Tilopa">Tilopa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naropa" title="Naropa">Naropa</a> as well as the Tibetan masters <a href="/wiki/Marpa_Lotsawa" title="Marpa Lotsawa">Marpa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milarepa" title="Milarepa">Milarepa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kawaguchi mentions in his book that the prayer wheel originated in the Mani <a href="/wiki/Lhakhang" title="Lhakhang">Lhakhang</a> where <a href="/wiki/Je_Tsongkhapa" title="Je Tsongkhapa">Je Tsongkhapa</a> invented it.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prayer wheels originated<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Category:All_self-contradictory_articles" title="Category:All self-contradictory articles"><span title="This text contradicts material elsewhere on this page. (November 2021)">contradictory</span></a></i>]</sup> from ‘The School of Shakyamuni sutra, volume 3 – pagoda and temple’<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="What's the original Chinese title? There seems to be no independent verification that this sutra even exists, let alone originated prayer wheels, in English; all online mentions simply repeat this quote from btrts.org.sg, often without attribution, but even btrts.org.sg has apparently removed this assertion from their website, and it was only present on the English page, not the Chinese equivalent. (November 2021)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Prayer_wheel#Dubious" title="Talk:Prayer wheel">discuss</a></i>]</sup> which states that: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>“those who set up the place for worship, use the knowledge to propagate the dharma to common people, should there be any man or woman who are illiterate and unable to read the sutra, they should then set up the prayer wheel to facilitate those illiterate to chant the sutra, and the effect is the same as reading the sutra”<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (November 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p></blockquote> <p>Another theory is that rotating mantras relate to numerous yogic or Tantric practices whereby the Tantric practitioner visualizes the mantra revolving around his or her <a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)" title="Nadi (yoga)">nadis</a> and especially around the meridian <a href="/wiki/Chakra" title="Chakra">chakras</a> such as the heart and crown. The prayer wheels are a visual aid for developing the capacity for these types of Tantric visualizations.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Practice">Practice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prayer_wheel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Prayer_wheel" title="Special:EditPage/Prayer wheel">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prayer_wheels_at_Nechung_Chok.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Prayer_wheels_at_Nechung_Chok.JPG/200px-Prayer_wheels_at_Nechung_Chok.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Prayer_wheels_at_Nechung_Chok.JPG/300px-Prayer_wheels_at_Nechung_Chok.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Prayer_wheels_at_Nechung_Chok.JPG/400px-Prayer_wheels_at_Nechung_Chok.JPG 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="1479" /></a><figcaption>Prayer wheels at <a href="/wiki/Nechung" title="Nechung">Nechung</a> Chok, Lhasa</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the lineage texts on prayer wheels, prayer wheels are used to accumulate wisdom and merit (good karma) and to purify negativities (bad karma). In Buddhism, Buddhas and Bodhisattvas have created a variety of skillful means (<a href="/wiki/Upaya" title="Upaya">upaya</a>) to help bring practitioners ever closer to realizing enlightenment. The idea of spinning mantras relates to numerous Tantric practices whereby the Tantric practitioner visualizes mantras revolving around the nadis and especially around the meridian chakras such as the heart and crown. Therefore, prayer wheels are a visual aid for developing one's capacity for these types of Tantric visualizations. </p><p>The spiritual method for those practicing with a prayer wheel is very specific (with slight variations according to different Buddhist sects). The practitioner most often spins the wheel <a href="/wiki/Clockwise" title="Clockwise">clockwise</a>, as the direction in which the mantras are written is that of the movement of the sun across the sky. On rare occasions, advanced Tantric practitioners such as those of <a href="/wiki/Senge_Dongma" class="mw-redirect" title="Senge Dongma">Senge Dongma</a>, the Lion-Faced Dakini, spin prayer wheels counterclockwise to manifest a more wrathful protective energy. As the practitioner turns the wheel, it is best to focus the mind and repeat the Om Mani Padme Hum mantra. Not only does this increase the merit earned by the wheel's use, but it is a mind-stabilization technique that trains the mind while the body is in motion. Intoning the mani mantra with mindfulness and the "Bodhicitta" motivation dramatically enhances the effects of the prayer wheel. However, it is said that even turning it while distracted has benefits and merits, and it is stated in the lineage text that even insects that cross a prayer wheel's shadow will get some benefit. Each revolution is as meritorious as reading the inscription aloud as many times as it is written on the scroll, and this means that the more Om Mani Padme Hum mantras that are inside a prayer wheel, the more powerful it is. It is best to turn the wheel with a gentle rhythm and not too fast or frantically. While turning smoothly, one keeps in mind the motivation and spirit of compassion and <i>bodhichitta</i> (the noble mind that aspires to full enlightenment for the benefit of all beings). </p><p>The benefits attributed to the practice of turning the wheel are vast. Not only does it help wisdom, compassion and bodhichitta arise in the practitioner, it also enhances siddhis (spiritual powers such as clairvoyance, precognition, reading others thoughts, etc.).The practitioner can repeat the mantra as many times as possible during the turning of the wheel, stabilizing a calm, meditative mind. At the end of a practice session, there is a Tibetan Buddhist tradition of dedicating any accumulated merits that one may have gathered during practice to the benefit of all sentient beings. Then Om Ah Hum 3 times. This is customary with Tibetans upon completing any Buddhist practice, including the practice of the prayer wheel. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thubten_Zopa_Rinpoche" title="Thubten Zopa Rinpoche">Thubten Zopa Rinpoche</a> has commented that installing a prayer wheel has the capacity to completely transform a place, which becomes "...peaceful, pleasant, and conducive to the mind." </p><p>Simply touching a prayer wheel is said to bring great purification to negative karmas and obscurations.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prayer_wheel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Prayer_wheel" title="Special:EditPage/Prayer wheel">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human-powered">Human-powered</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prayer_wheel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Human-powered"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Handheld_wheels">Handheld wheels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prayer_wheel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Handheld wheels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_elderly_Tibetan_women_holding_a_prayer_wheel_on_Lhasa,_Barkhor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/An_elderly_Tibetan_women_holding_a_prayer_wheel_on_Lhasa%2C_Barkhor.jpg/250px-An_elderly_Tibetan_women_holding_a_prayer_wheel_on_Lhasa%2C_Barkhor.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/An_elderly_Tibetan_women_holding_a_prayer_wheel_on_Lhasa%2C_Barkhor.jpg/330px-An_elderly_Tibetan_women_holding_a_prayer_wheel_on_Lhasa%2C_Barkhor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/An_elderly_Tibetan_women_holding_a_prayer_wheel_on_Lhasa%2C_Barkhor.jpg/500px-An_elderly_Tibetan_women_holding_a_prayer_wheel_on_Lhasa%2C_Barkhor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>An elderly <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibetan</a> woman with a prayer wheel</figcaption></figure> <p>The handheld prayer wheel (<span title="Standard Tibetan-language romanization"><i lang="bo-Latn">mani lag 'khor</i></span>) has a cylindrical, generally sheet-metal body (often beautifully embossed) mounted on a metal shaft or pin set into a wooden or metal handle that turns on a circular bearing commonly made of <i>Turbinella</i> (conch) shell. The cylinder itself is affixed with a cord or chain terminating in a small weight allowing it to be spun by a slight rotation of the wrist. The weighted chain, known as a “governor” in Western technology, stabilizes the wheel and keeps it spinning with less input from the practitioner than would otherwise be the case. When the prayer wheel is spun in prayer, the mantras inside become potent with the person's intent, allowing the practitioner to accumulate wisdom and merit.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Large_wheels">Large wheels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prayer_wheel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Large wheels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taktsang_prayer_wheel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Taktsang_prayer_wheel.jpg/250px-Taktsang_prayer_wheel.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Taktsang_prayer_wheel.jpg/330px-Taktsang_prayer_wheel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Taktsang_prayer_wheel.jpg/500px-Taktsang_prayer_wheel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3540" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A small prayer wheel shrine housing a large prayer wheel, <a href="/wiki/Paro_Taktsang" title="Paro Taktsang">Paro Taktsang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Prayer wheels larger than human size are to be seen in separate rooms in <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhist</a> temples and can be set in motion by pilgrims. With the help of a small bell the number of revolutions can be counted. The cylinders of fixed prayer wheels are often inscribed with the formula “<a href="/wiki/Om_mani_padme_hum" title="Om mani padme hum">Om mani padme hum</a>” (meaning “jewel in the lotus”) in ornamental Lantsa (<a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a>) letters.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Row_installations">Row installations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prayer_wheel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Row installations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many monasteries around Tibet have large, fixed, metal wheels set side by side in a row. Passersby can turn the entire row of wheels simply by sliding their hands over each one. They are set in motion by pilgrims who <a href="/wiki/Parikrama" title="Parikrama">circumambulate</a> the building in a clockwise direction.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Powered_by_other_means">Powered by other means</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prayer_wheel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Powered by other means"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Water_wheels">Water wheels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prayer_wheel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Water wheels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Water_prayer_wheel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Water_prayer_wheel.jpg/200px-Water_prayer_wheel.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Water_prayer_wheel.jpg/300px-Water_prayer_wheel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Water_prayer_wheel.jpg/400px-Water_prayer_wheel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Water-powered prayer wheel, <a href="/wiki/Spiti_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiti valley">Spiti valley</a>, India</figcaption></figure> <p>This type of prayer wheel is simply a prayer wheel that is turned by flowing water. The water that is touched by the wheel is said to become blessed and carries its purifying power into all life forms in the oceans and lakes that it feeds into.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fire_wheels">Fire wheels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prayer_wheel&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Fire wheels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Candle-powered_prayerwheel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Candle-powered_prayerwheel.jpg/250px-Candle-powered_prayerwheel.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Candle-powered_prayerwheel.jpg/330px-Candle-powered_prayerwheel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Candle-powered_prayerwheel.jpg/500px-Candle-powered_prayerwheel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Butter-lamp-powered prayer wheel, <a href="/wiki/Manali,_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Manali, Himachal Pradesh">Manali</a>, India</figcaption></figure> <p>This wheel is turned by the heat of a candle or electric light. The light emitted from the prayer wheel then purifies the negative karmas of the living beings it touches.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wind_wheels">Wind wheels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prayer_wheel&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Wind wheels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This type of wheel is turned by wind. The wind that touches the prayer wheel helps alleviate the negative karma of those it touches.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Electric_dharma_wheels">Electric dharma wheels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prayer_wheel&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Electric dharma wheels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Prayer_wheels_samyeling_dec_09.ogv/200px--Prayer_wheels_samyeling_dec_09.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="150" data-durationhint="9" data-mwtitle="Prayer_wheels_samyeling_dec_09.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Prayer_wheels_samyeling_dec_09.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/Prayer_wheels_samyeling_dec_09.ogv/Prayer_wheels_samyeling_dec_09.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Prayer_wheels_samyeling_dec_09.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/Prayer_wheels_samyeling_dec_09.ogv/Prayer_wheels_samyeling_dec_09.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/Prayer_wheels_samyeling_dec_09.ogv/Prayer_wheels_samyeling_dec_09.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/Prayer_wheels_samyeling_dec_09.ogv/Prayer_wheels_samyeling_dec_09.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/Prayer_wheels_samyeling_dec_09.ogv/Prayer_wheels_samyeling_dec_09.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Electric prayer wheels at <a href="/wiki/Samye_Ling" class="mw-redirect" title="Samye Ling">Samye Ling</a> in Scotland, 2009 (8 seconds)</figcaption></figure> <p>Some prayer wheels are powered by electric motors. <span title="Standard Tibetan-language romanization"><i lang="bo-Latn">Thardo 'khorlo</i></span>, as these electric wheels are sometimes known, contain one thousand copies of the mantra of Chenrezig and many copies of other mantras. The <span title="Standard Tibetan-language romanization"><i lang="bo-Latn">thardo 'khorlo</i></span> can be accompanied by lights and music if one so chooses.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Electricity can certainly be considered similar to the above sources of energy for PW (water, fire, wind). The merit generated by the PW is due to the power of the Dharma Texts and Mantras; not necessarily the "power" which rotates them. These PW turn all day, all night, all through the year. The Lamas and practitioners who build, maintain and pay for the electricity rightly help to generate and dedicate the merit.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prayer_wheel&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery{line-height:1.35em;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{outline:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Large_prayer_wheel_being_turned._Spiti.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Large prayer wheel being turned. Spiti"><img alt="Large prayer wheel being turned. Spiti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Large_prayer_wheel_being_turned._Spiti.jpg/250px-Large_prayer_wheel_being_turned._Spiti.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Large_prayer_wheel_being_turned._Spiti.jpg/330px-Large_prayer_wheel_being_turned._Spiti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Large prayer wheel being turned. <a href="/wiki/Spiti" title="Spiti">Spiti</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prayer_wheels_in_Samye.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prayer wheels at Samye Monastery."><img alt="Prayer wheels at Samye Monastery." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Prayer_wheels_in_Samye.jpg/180px-Prayer_wheels_in_Samye.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Prayer_wheels_in_Samye.jpg/270px-Prayer_wheels_in_Samye.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Prayer_wheels_in_Samye.jpg/360px-Prayer_wheels_in_Samye.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prayer wheels at <a href="/wiki/Samye" title="Samye">Samye Monastery</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibetan_Child_with_Prayer_Wheel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tibetan child with a prayer wheel"><img alt="Tibetan child with a prayer wheel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Tibetan_Child_with_Prayer_Wheel.jpg/160px-Tibetan_Child_with_Prayer_Wheel.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Tibetan_Child_with_Prayer_Wheel.jpg/240px-Tibetan_Child_with_Prayer_Wheel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Tibetan_Child_with_Prayer_Wheel.jpg/320px-Tibetan_Child_with_Prayer_Wheel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tibetan child with a prayer wheel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_Lamas_with_Prayer_Wheels.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1905 illustration of monks with prayer wheels"><img alt="1905 illustration of monks with prayer wheels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Yellow_Lamas_with_Prayer_Wheels.jpg/250px-Yellow_Lamas_with_Prayer_Wheels.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Yellow_Lamas_with_Prayer_Wheels.jpg/330px-Yellow_Lamas_with_Prayer_Wheels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1905 illustration of monks with prayer wheels</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stupa_%26_prayer_wheels._Main_street,_McLeod_Ganj.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stupa & prayer wheels. Main street, McLeod Ganj."><img alt="Stupa & prayer wheels. Main street, McLeod Ganj." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Stupa_%26_prayer_wheels._Main_street%2C_McLeod_Ganj.jpg/250px-Stupa_%26_prayer_wheels._Main_street%2C_McLeod_Ganj.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Stupa_%26_prayer_wheels._Main_street%2C_McLeod_Ganj.jpg/330px-Stupa_%26_prayer_wheels._Main_street%2C_McLeod_Ganj.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Stupa_%26_prayer_wheels._Main_street%2C_McLeod_Ganj.jpg/500px-Stupa_%26_prayer_wheels._Main_street%2C_McLeod_Ganj.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stupa & prayer wheels. Main street, <a href="/wiki/McLeod_Ganj" title="McLeod Ganj">McLeod Ganj</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-S-07-24-11,_Tibetexpedition,_M%C3%B6nch_mit_Gebetsm%C3%BChle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monk with prayer wheel. 1938"><img alt="Monk with prayer wheel. 1938" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-S-07-24-11%2C_Tibetexpedition%2C_M%C3%B6nch_mit_Gebetsm%C3%BChle.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-S-07-24-11%2C_Tibetexpedition%2C_M%C3%B6nch_mit_Gebetsm%C3%BChle.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-S-07-24-11%2C_Tibetexpedition%2C_M%C3%B6nch_mit_Gebetsm%C3%BChle.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_135-S-07-24-11%2C_Tibetexpedition%2C_M%C3%B6nch_mit_Gebetsm%C3%BChle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="568" data-file-height="798" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Monk with prayer wheel. 1938</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prayer_Wheels_at_the_Potala_in_Lhasa.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Prayer wheels at the base of the Potala in Lhasa, Tibet."><img alt="Prayer wheels at the base of the Potala in Lhasa, Tibet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Prayer_Wheels_at_the_Potala_in_Lhasa.JPG/250px-Prayer_Wheels_at_the_Potala_in_Lhasa.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Prayer_Wheels_at_the_Potala_in_Lhasa.JPG/330px-Prayer_Wheels_at_the_Potala_in_Lhasa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Prayer_Wheels_at_the_Potala_in_Lhasa.JPG/500px-Prayer_Wheels_at_the_Potala_in_Lhasa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="846" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prayer wheels at the base of the <a href="/wiki/Potala" class="mw-redirect" title="Potala">Potala</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a>, Tibet.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhongdian-rueda-oracion-c01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Prayer wheel at Dukezong Temple in Shangri-La County, Yunnan."><img alt="A Prayer wheel at Dukezong Temple in Shangri-La County, Yunnan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Zhongdian-rueda-oracion-c01.jpg/110px-Zhongdian-rueda-oracion-c01.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Zhongdian-rueda-oracion-c01.jpg/165px-Zhongdian-rueda-oracion-c01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Zhongdian-rueda-oracion-c01.jpg/221px-Zhongdian-rueda-oracion-c01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Prayer wheel at Dukezong Temple in <a href="/wiki/Shangri-La_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Shangri-La County">Shangri-La County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PrayerWheelsRumtek.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Prayer wheels in the Rumtek Monastery"><img alt="Prayer wheels in the Rumtek Monastery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/PrayerWheelsRumtek.JPG/250px-PrayerWheelsRumtek.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/PrayerWheelsRumtek.JPG/330px-PrayerWheelsRumtek.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/PrayerWheelsRumtek.JPG/500px-PrayerWheelsRumtek.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prayer wheels in the <a href="/wiki/Rumtek_Monastery" title="Rumtek Monastery">Rumtek Monastery</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibetan_prayer_wheel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tibetan hand prayer wheel"><img alt="Tibetan hand prayer wheel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Tibetan_prayer_wheel.jpg/120px-Tibetan_prayer_wheel.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Tibetan_prayer_wheel.jpg/250px-Tibetan_prayer_wheel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2780" data-file-height="6270" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tibetan hand prayer wheel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmund_Hillary_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Three prayer wheels in the coat of arms of Sir Edmund Hillary"><img alt="Three prayer wheels in the coat of arms of Sir Edmund Hillary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Edmund_Hillary_Arms.svg/250px-Edmund_Hillary_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="164" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Edmund_Hillary_Arms.svg/330px-Edmund_Hillary_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Three prayer wheels in the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Edmund_Hillary" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Edmund Hillary">Sir Edmund Hillary</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rumtek_Monastery_-_Prayer_Wheel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rumtek Monastery - Prayer Wheel"><img alt="Rumtek Monastery - Prayer Wheel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Rumtek_Monastery_-_Prayer_Wheel.jpg/250px-Rumtek_Monastery_-_Prayer_Wheel.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Rumtek_Monastery_-_Prayer_Wheel.jpg/330px-Rumtek_Monastery_-_Prayer_Wheel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Rumtek_Monastery_-_Prayer_Wheel.jpg/500px-Rumtek_Monastery_-_Prayer_Wheel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rumtek Monastery - Prayer Wheel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swayambhunath_prayer_wheels.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rolling metal prayer wheels circling the Swayambhunath stupa, Kathmandu"><img alt="Rolling metal prayer wheels circling the Swayambhunath stupa, Kathmandu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Swayambhunath_prayer_wheels.jpg/180px-Swayambhunath_prayer_wheels.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Swayambhunath_prayer_wheels.jpg/270px-Swayambhunath_prayer_wheels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Swayambhunath_prayer_wheels.jpg/360px-Swayambhunath_prayer_wheels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3782" data-file-height="2532" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rolling metal prayer wheels circling the Swayambhunath stupa, Kathmandu</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prayer_wheel&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ma%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dala" class="mw-redirect" title="Maṇḍala">Maṇḍala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradakshina" class="mw-redirect" title="Pradakshina">Pradakshina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_prayer_beads" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist prayer beads">Buddhist prayer beads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">Stupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_prayer_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan prayer flag">Tibetan prayer flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmacakra" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharmacakra">Wheel of Dharma</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prayer_wheel&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLucas2006" class="citation book cs1">Lucas, Adam (2006). <i>Wind, Water, Work: Ancient and Medieval Milling Technology</i>. Brill Publishers. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-14649-0" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-14649-0"><bdi>90-04-14649-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wind%2C+Water%2C+Work%3A+Ancient+and+Medieval+Milling+Technology&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=90-04-14649-0&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayer+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodrich1942-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodrich1942_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodrich1942">Goodrich 1942</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Wheel of Great Compassion: The Practice of the Prayer Wheel in Tibetan Buddhism</i>. Wisdom Publications. 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wheel+of+Great+Compassion%3A+The+Practice+of+the+Prayer+Wheel+in+Tibetan+Buddhism&rft.pub=Wisdom+Publications&rft.date=2000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayer+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKawaguchi1910" class="citation journal cs1">Kawaguchi, Ekai (1910). "Three Years In Tibet". <i>Nature</i>. <b>82</b> (2098): 301. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1910Natur..82..301W">1910Natur..82..301W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F082301a0">10.1038/082301a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3983162">3983162</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Three+Years+In+Tibet&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2098&rft.pages=301&rft.date=1910&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A3983162%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F082301a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1910Natur..82..301W&rft.aulast=Kawaguchi&rft.aufirst=Ekai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayer+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729225142/http://www.btrts.org.sg/roof">"Vairocana Buddha Prayer Wheel"</a>. Buddha Tooth Relic Temple and Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btrts.org.sg/roof">the original</a> on 2013-07-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vairocana+Buddha+Prayer+Wheel&rft.pub=Buddha+Tooth+Relic+Temple+and+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.btrts.org.sg%2Froof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayer+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namgyalmonastery.org/tibetan-temple/tibetan-prayer-wheel/">"Tibetan Prayer wheel"</a>. namgyalmonastery.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tibetan+Prayer+wheel.&rft.pub=namgyalmonastery.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.namgyalmonastery.org%2Ftibetan-temple%2Ftibetan-prayer-wheel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayer+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/340954667/Lorne-Ladner-Lama-Thubten">"Lorne Ladner, Lama Thubten | PDF | Vajrayana | Tibetan Buddhism"</a>. <i>Scribd</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scribd&rft.atitle=Lorne+Ladner%2C+Lama+Thubten+%7C+PDF+%7C+Vajrayana+%7C+Tibetan+Buddhism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F340954667%2FLorne-Ladner-Lama-Thubten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayer+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLamaGyatso2014" class="citation cs2">Lama, Dalai; Gyatso, Tenzin (2014-11-05), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1220jm6.3">"FOREWORD"</a>, <i>My Tibetan Childhood</i>, Duke University Press, pp. <span class="nowrap">ix–</span>x, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv1220jm6.3">10.2307/j.ctv1220jm6.3</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-11</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=My+Tibetan+Childhood&rft.atitle=FOREWORD&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3Eix-%3C%2Fspan%3Ex&rft.date=2014-11-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv1220jm6.3&rft.aulast=Lama&rft.aufirst=Dalai&rft.au=Gyatso%2C+Tenzin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv1220jm6.3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayer+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prayer_wheel&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoodrich1942" class="citation journal cs1">Goodrich, L. 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"The Revolving Book-Case in China". <i>Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies</i>. <b>7</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">130–</span>161. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2717800">10.2307/2717800</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2717800">2717800</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Journal+of+Asiatic+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Revolving+Book-Case+in+China&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E130-%3C%2Fspan%3E161&rft.date=1942&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2717800&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2717800%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Goodrich&rft.aufirst=L.+Carrington&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayer+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHunter1985" class="citation journal cs1">Hunter, Alwin (1985). "Tibetan Prayer Wheels". <i>Arts of Asia</i>. <b>15</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">74–</span>81.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arts+of+Asia&rft.atitle=Tibetan+Prayer+Wheels&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E74-%3C%2Fspan%3E81&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=Alwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayer+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLadner2000" class="citation book cs1">Ladner, Lorne (2000). <i>Wheel of Great Compassion</i>. Wisdom Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wheel+of+Great+Compassion&rft.pub=Wisdom+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Ladner&rft.aufirst=Lorne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayer+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLucas2006" class="citation book cs1">Lucas, Adam (2006). <i>Wind, Water, Work: Ancient and Medieval Milling Technology</i>. Brill Publishers. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-14649-0" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-14649-0"><bdi>90-04-14649-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wind%2C+Water%2C+Work%3A+Ancient+and+Medieval+Milling+Technology&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=90-04-14649-0&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayer+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartin1987" class="citation journal cs1">Martin, Dan (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/jts/pdf/JTS_07_02.pdf">"On the Origin and Significance of the Prayer Wheel According to two Nineteenth-Century Tibetan Literary Sources"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of the Tibet Society</i>. <b>7</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Tibet+Society&rft.atitle=On+the+Origin+and+Significance+of+the+Prayer+Wheel+According+to+two+Nineteenth-Century+Tibetan+Literary+Sources&rft.volume=7&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk%2Fcollections%2Fjournals%2Fjts%2Fpdf%2FJTS_07_02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayer+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchlagintweit1863" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Emil_Schlagintweit" title="Emil Schlagintweit">Schlagintweit, Emil</a> (1863). <i>Buddhism in Tibet</i>. <a href="/wiki/Augustus_M._Kelley" title="Augustus M. Kelley">Augustus M. Kelley</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhism+in+Tibet&rft.pub=Augustus+M.+Kelley&rft.date=1863&rft.aulast=Schlagintweit&rft.aufirst=Emil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayer+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSimpson1896" class="citation book cs1">Simpson, William (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/buddhistprayingw00simp"><i>The Buddhist Praying Wheel</i></a>. London: Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Buddhist+Praying+Wheel&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbuddhistprayingw00simp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayer+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWright1904" class="citation book cs1">Wright, A.R. (1904). <i>Tibetan Prayer wheels</i>. Folklore Enterprises.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tibetan+Prayer+wheels&rft.pub=Folklore+Enterprises&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=A.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayer+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khandro.net/practice_prayerwheel.htm">"All about the ... Prayer Wheel"</a>. <i>khandro.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=khandro.net&rft.atitle=All+about+the+...+Prayer+Wheel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khandro.net%2Fpractice_prayerwheel.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayer+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dharma-haven.org/tibetan/prayer-wheel.htm">"The Prayer Wheel"</a>. <i>dharma-haven.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dharma-haven.org&rft.atitle=The+Prayer+Wheel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dharma-haven.org%2Ftibetan%2Fprayer-wheel.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayer+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyingma.org/PrayerWheels/index.html">"prayer wheels and how they work"</a>. <i>Nyingma Centers</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nyingma+Centers&rft.atitle=prayer+wheels+and+how+they+work&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyingma.org%2FPrayerWheels%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayer+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prayer_wheel&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to:<br /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Prayer_wheel" class="extiw" title="commons:Prayer wheel"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Prayer wheel</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Prayer_wheels" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Prayer wheels">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holylandprayerwheels.com/">Hand crafted wooden prayer wheels</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dharma-haven.org/tibetan/prayer-wheel.htm">Dharma-haven.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muktinath.org/album/muktinath_site/05_muktinath_prayer_wheel.htm">Picture of prayer wheel at Muktinath, plus backgrounds</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyingma.org/PrayerWheels/index.html">Nyingma Prayer Wheels for World Peace</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theinternetprayerwheel.info/">The Internet Prayer Wheel </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prayerwheel.org/">Online Prayer Wheel </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.repository.cam.ac.uk/server/api/core/bitstreams/7626af17-9972-4e2a-9516-48a749b7cce7/content">History of Prayer Wheels According to the Tradition</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Truths">Four Noble Truths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_in_Buddhism" title="Refuge in Buddhism">Three Jewels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangha" title="Sangha">Sangha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Noble Eightfold Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Way" title="Middle Way">Middle Way</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">The Buddha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tath%C4%81gata" title="Tathāgata">Tathāgata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha%27s_Birthday" title="Buddha's Birthday">Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_sights" title="Four sights">Four sights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eight_Great_Events_in_the_Life_of_Buddha" title="The Eight Great Events in the Life of Buddha">Eight Great Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Renunciation" title="Great Renunciation">Great Renunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_characteristics_of_the_Buddha" title="Physical characteristics of the Buddha">Physical characteristics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Buddha_in_art" title="Life of Buddha in art">Life of Buddha in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_footprint" title="Buddha footprint">Footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Buddha" title="Relics associated with Buddha">Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconography_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_Laos_and_Thailand" title="Iconography of Gautama Buddha in Laos and Thailand">Iconography in Laos and Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depictions_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_film" title="Depictions of Gautama Buddha in film">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Miracles of Gautama Buddha">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Family of Gautama Buddha">Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Auddhodana" title="Śuddhodana">Suddhodāna <small>(father)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(mother_of_the_Buddha)" title="Maya (mother of the Buddha)">Māyā <small>(mother)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81praj%C4%81pat%C4%AB_Gautam%C4%AB" title="Mahāprajāpatī Gautamī">Mahapajapati Gotamī<small> (aunt, adoptive mother)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Bodhar%C4%81" title="Yaśodharā">Yaśodharā <small>(wife)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81hula" title="Rāhula">Rāhula <small>(son)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda" title="Ānanda">Ānanda <small>(cousin)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devadatta" title="Devadatta">Devadatta <small>(cousin)</small></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhi_tree" title="Bodhi tree">Bodhi tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_where_Gautama_Buddha_stayed" title="List of places where Gautama Buddha stayed">Places where the Buddha stayed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_world_religions" title="Gautama Buddha in world religions">Buddha in world religions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattvas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalokite%C5%9Bvara" title="Avalokiteśvara">Avalokiteśvara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guanyin" title="Guanyin">Guanyin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjushri" title="Manjushri">Mañjuśrī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasthamaprapta" title="Mahasthamaprapta">Mahāsthāmaprāpta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80k%C4%81%C5%9Bagarbha" title="Ākāśagarbha">Ākāśagarbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E1%B9%A3itigarbha" title="Kṣitigarbha">Kṣitigarbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantabhadra_(Bodhisattva)" title="Samantabhadra (Bodhisattva)">Samantabhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrapani" title="Vajrapani">Vajrapāṇi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanda_(Buddhism)" title="Skanda (Buddhism)">Skanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_(Buddhism)" title="Tara (Buddhism)">Tārā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Metteyya/Maitreya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Disciples_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Category:Disciples of Gautama Buddha">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaundinya" title="Kaundinya">Kaundinya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assaji" class="mw-redirect" title="Assaji">Assaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81riputra" title="Śāriputra">Sāriputta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maudgalyayana" title="Maudgalyayana">Mahamoggallāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda" title="Ānanda">Ānanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81k%C4%81%C5%9Byapa" title="Mahākāśyapa">Mahākassapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%E1%B9%85gulim%C4%81la" title="Aṅgulimāla">Aṅgulimāla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuruddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Anuruddha">Anuruddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katyayana_(Buddhist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Katyayana (Buddhist)">Mahākaccana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_(half-brother_of_Buddha)" title="Nanda (half-brother of Buddha)">Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subh%C5%ABti" title="Subhūti">Subhūti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%E1%B9%87%E1%B9%87a_Mant%C4%81n%C4%ABputta" title="Puṇṇa Mantānīputta">Puṇṇa Mantānīputta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up%C4%81li" title="Upāli">Upāli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81praj%C4%81pat%C4%AB_Gautam%C4%AB" title="Mahāprajāpatī Gautamī">Mahapajapati Gotamī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema" title="Khema">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppalavanna" title="Uppalavanna">Uppalavanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asita" title="Asita">Asita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channa_(Buddhist)" title="Channa (Buddhist)">Channa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasa" title="Yasa">Yasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Buddhism" title="Glossary of Buddhism">Key concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avidy%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Avidyā (Buddhism)">Avidyā (Ignorance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardo" title="Bardo">Bardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhicitta" title="Bodhicitta">Bodhicitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha-nature" title="Buddha-nature">Buddha-nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhamma_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhamma theory">Dhamma theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_hindrances" title="Five hindrances">Five hindrances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indriya" title="Indriya">Indriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Buddhism" title="Karma in Buddhism">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleshas_(Buddhism)" title="Kleshas (Buddhism)">Kleshas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_factors_(Buddhism)" title="Mental factors (Buddhism)">Mental factors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindstream" title="Mindstream">Mindstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parinirvana" title="Parinirvana">Parinirvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81da" title="Pratītyasamutpāda">Pratītyasamutpāda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebirth_(Buddhism)" title="Rebirth (Buddhism)">Rebirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_(Buddhism)" title="Saṃsāra (Buddhism)">Saṃsāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%85kh%C4%81ra" title="Saṅkhāra">Saṅkhāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skandha" title="Skandha">Skandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81" title="Śūnyatā">Śūnyatā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%E1%B9%87h%C4%81" title="Taṇhā">Taṇhā (Craving)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tath%C4%81t%C4%81" title="Tathātā">Tathātā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetter_(Buddhism)" title="Fetter (Buddhism)">Ten Fetters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_marks_of_existence" title="Three marks of existence">Three marks of existence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impermanence_(Buddhism)" title="Impermanence (Buddhism)">Anicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du%E1%B8%A5kha" title="Duḥkha">Dukkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatt%C4%81" title="Anattā">Anattā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_truths_doctrine" title="Two truths doctrine">Two truths doctrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cosmology" title="Buddhist cosmology">Cosmology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten_realms" title="Ten realms">Ten spiritual realms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Paths" title="Six Paths">Six Paths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Buddhism)" title="Deva (Buddhism)">Deva realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_beings_in_Buddhism" title="Human beings in Buddhism">Human realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asura_(Buddhism)" title="Asura (Buddhism)">Asura realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preta" title="Preta">Hungry Ghost realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Buddhism" title="Animals in Buddhism">Animal realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naraka_(Buddhism)" title="Naraka (Buddhism)">Naraka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailokya" title="Trailokya">Three planes of existence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism" title="Schools of Buddhism">Branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chinese Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Zen" title="Japanese Zen">Japanese Zen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Seon" title="Korean Seon">Korean Seon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%81n" title="Thiền">Vietnamese Thiền</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Pure Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiantai" title="Tiantai">Tiantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayan" title="Huayan">Huayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rissh%C5%AB_(Buddhism)" title="Risshū (Buddhism)">Risshū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhyamaka" title="Madhyamaka">Madhyamaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogachara" title="Yogachara">Yogachara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Esoteric_Buddhism" title="Chinese Esoteric Buddhism">Chinese Esoteric Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingon_Buddhism" title="Shingon Buddhism">Shingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzogchen" title="Dzogchen">Dzogchen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navayana" title="Navayana">Navayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Buddhist_schools" title="Early Buddhist schools">Early Buddhist schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-sectarian_Buddhism" title="Pre-sectarian Buddhism">Pre-sectarian Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_points_unifying_Therav%C4%81da_and_Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna">Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern,_Eastern_and_Northern_Buddhism" title="Southern, Eastern and Northern Buddhism">Southern, Eastern and Northern Buddhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhist_practices" title="Category:Buddhist practices">Practices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhavana" title="Bhavana">Bhavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" title="Bodhipakkhiyādhammā">Bodhipakkhiyādhammā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmavihara" title="Brahmavihara">Brahmavihara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maitr%C4%AB" title="Maitrī">Mettā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karu%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Karuṇā">Karuṇā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudita" title="Mudita">Mudita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upek%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Upekṣā">Upekkha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddh%C4%81bhi%E1%B9%A3eka" title="Buddhābhiṣeka">Buddhābhiṣeka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_devotion" title="Buddhist devotion">Devotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deity_yoga" title="Deity yoga">Deity yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Buddhism" title="Dhyana in Buddhism">Dhyāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Buddhism" title="Faith in Buddhism">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Strengths" title="Five Strengths">Five Strengths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddhipada" title="Iddhipada">Iddhipada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_meditation" title="Buddhist meditation">Meditation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantra#Buddhism" title="Mantra">Mantras</a></li> <li><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kamma%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81na" title="Kammaṭṭhāna">Kammaṭṭhāna</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anussati" title="Anussati">Recollection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simran" title="Simran">Smarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapanasati" title="Anapanasati">Anapanasati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samatha-vipassan%C4%81" title="Samatha-vipassanā">Samatha-vipassanā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vipassana_movement" title="Vipassana movement">Vipassana movement</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikantaza" title="Shikantaza">Shikantaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">Zazen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukdam" title="Tukdam">Tukdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koan" title="Koan">Koan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganana" title="Ganana">Ganana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala" title="Mandala">Mandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonglen" title="Tonglen">Tonglen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tert%C3%B6n" title="Tertön">Tertön</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terma_(religion)" title="Terma (religion)">Terma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merit_(Buddhism)" title="Merit (Buddhism)">Merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindfulness" title="Mindfulness">Mindfulness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mindful_Yoga" title="Mindful Yoga">Mindful Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satipatthana" title="Satipatthana">Satipatthana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekkhamma" title="Nekkhamma">Nekkhamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nianfo" title="Nianfo">Nianfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81" title="Pāramitā">Pāramitā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paritta" title="Paritta">Paritta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_devotion" title="Buddhist devotion">Puja</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offering_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Offering (Buddhism)">Offerings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostration_(Buddhism)" title="Prostration (Buddhism)">Prostration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_music" title="Buddhist music">Music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_in_Buddhism" title="Refuge in Buddhism">Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhu_(Pali_word)" title="Sādhu (Pali word)">Sādhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacca" title="Sacca">Sacca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Factors_of_Awakening" title="Seven Factors of Awakening">Seven Factors of Enlightenment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Buddhism)" title="Sati (Buddhism)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhamma_vicaya" title="Dhamma vicaya">Dhamma vicaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%ABti" title="Pīti">Pīti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passaddhi" title="Passaddhi">Passaddhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Śīla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_precepts" title="Five precepts">Five precepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_precepts" title="Eight precepts">Eight precepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva_vow" title="Bodhisattva vow">Bodhisattva vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratimok%E1%B9%A3a" title="Pratimokṣa">Pratimokṣa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threefold_Training" title="Threefold Training">Threefold Training</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Śīla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">Samadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Prajñā (Buddhism)">Prajñā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%ABrya" title="Vīrya">Vīrya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Right_Exertions" title="Four Right Exertions">Four Right Exertions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-two_vows_of_Ambedkar" title="Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar">Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">Bodhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhahood" title="Buddhahood">Buddhahood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyekabuddhay%C4%81na" title="Pratyekabuddhayāna">Pratyekabuddhayāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_stages_of_awakening" class="mw-redirect" title="Four stages of awakening">Four stages of awakening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sot%C4%81panna" title="Sotāpanna">Sotāpanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakadagami" title="Sakadagami">Sakadagami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C4%81g%C4%81mi" title="Anāgāmi">Anāgāmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat">Arhat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism" title="Buddhist monasticism">Monasticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu" title="Bhikkhu">Bhikkhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhun%C4%AB" title="Bhikkhunī">Bhikkhunī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanera" title="Samanera">Śrāmaṇera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanera" title="Samanera">Śrāmaṇerī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anag%C4%81rika" title="Anagārika">Anagārika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn" title="Ajahn">Ajahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayadaw" title="Sayadaw">Sayadaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_master" title="Zen master">Zen master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dshi" title="Rōshi">Rōshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lama" title="Lama">Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinpoche" title="Rinpoche">Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geshe" title="Geshe">Geshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulku" title="Tulku">Tulku</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_tulku" title="Western tulku">Western tulku</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappiya" title="Kappiya">Kappiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donchee" title="Donchee">Donchee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Householder_(Buddhism)" title="Householder (Buddhism)">Householder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up%C4%81saka_and_Up%C4%81sik%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Upāsaka and Upāsikā">Upāsaka and Upāsikā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achar_(Buddhism)" title="Achar (Buddhism)">Achar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ar%C4%81vaka" title="Śrāvaka">Śrāvaka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten_principal_disciples" title="Ten principal disciples">Ten principal disciples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Monastery" title="Shaolin Monastery">Shaolin Monastery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" title="List of Buddhists">Major figures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">The Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagasena" title="Nagasena">Nagasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Bvagho%E1%B9%A3a" title="Aśvaghoṣa">Aśvaghoṣa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagarjuna" title="Nagarjuna">Nagarjuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asanga" title="Asanga">Asanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasubandhu" title="Vasubandhu">Vasubandhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva" title="Kumārajīva">Kumārajīva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhaghosa" title="Buddhaghosa">Buddhaghosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhap%C4%81lita" title="Buddhapālita">Buddhapālita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dign%C4%81ga" title="Dignāga">Dignāga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhidharma" title="Bodhidharma">Bodhidharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhiyi" title="Zhiyi">Zhiyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wen_of_Sui" title="Emperor Wen of Sui">Emperor Wen of Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songtsen_Gampo" title="Songtsen Gampo">Songtsen Gampo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandao" title="Shandao">Shandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmasambhava" title="Padmasambhava">Padmasambhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraha" title="Saraha">Saraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ati%C5%9Ba" title="Atiśa">Atiśa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naropa" title="Naropa">Naropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmapa" title="Karmapa">Karmapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dnen" title="Hōnen">Hōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinran" title="Shinran">Shinran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen">Dōgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren" title="Nichiren">Nichiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamarpa" title="Shamarpa">Shamarpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchen_Lama" title="Panchen Lama">Panchen Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn_Mun" title="Ajahn Mun">Ajahn Mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn_Chah" title="Ajahn Chah">Ajahn Chah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_H%E1%BA%A1nh" title="Thích Nhất Hạnh">Thích Nhất Hạnh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_texts" title="Buddhist texts">Texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Buddhist_texts" title="Early Buddhist texts">Early Buddhist texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripi%E1%B9%ADaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripiṭaka">Tripiṭaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana_sutras" title="Mahayana sutras">Mahayana sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pali_Canon" title="Pali Canon">Pali Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhist_canon" title="Chinese Buddhist canon">Chinese Buddhist canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_canon" title="Tibetan Buddhist canon">Tibetan Buddhist canon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhammapada" title="Dhammapada">Dhammapada</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinaya" title="Vinaya">Vinaya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madhyamak%C4%81la%E1%B9%83k%C4%81ra" title="Madhyamakālaṃkāra">Madhyamakālaṃkāra</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhidharmad%C4%ABpa" title="Abhidharmadīpa">Abhidharmadīpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_by_country" title="Buddhism by country">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Afghanistan" title="Buddhism in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bangladesh" title="Buddhism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bhutan" title="Buddhism in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Cambodia" title="Buddhism in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India" title="History of Buddhism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Indonesia" title="Buddhism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Buddhism" title="Korean Buddhism">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Laos" title="Buddhism in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Malaysia" title="Buddhism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Maldives" title="Buddhism in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mongolia" title="Buddhism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Myanmar" title="Buddhism in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Nepal" title="Buddhism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Pakistan" title="Buddhism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Philippines" title="Buddhism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Russia" title="Buddhism in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Buryatia" title="Buddhism in Buryatia">Buryatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Kalmykia" title="Buddhism in Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhism_in_Tuva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhism in Tuva (page does not exist)">Tuva</a> (<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Буддизм в Тыве">ru</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Singapore" title="Buddhism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Buddhism in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Taiwan" title="Buddhism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Thailand" title="Buddhism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Vietnam" title="Buddhism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Africa" title="Buddhism in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Senegal" title="Buddhism in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_South_Africa" title="Buddhism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Central_Asia" title="Buddhism in Central Asia">Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Uzbekistan" title="Buddhism in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Buddhism in the Middle East">Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Iran" title="Buddhism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Buddhism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_West" title="Buddhism in the West">Western countries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Argentina" title="Buddhism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Australia" title="Buddhism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Brazil" title="Buddhism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Canada" title="Buddhism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Buddhism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Buddhism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_France" title="Buddhism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Germany" title="Buddhism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Italy" title="Buddhism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mexico" title="Buddhism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_New_Zealand" title="Buddhism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Norway" title="Buddhism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Poland" title="Buddhism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sweden" title="Buddhism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Switzerland" title="Buddhism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Ukraine" title="Buddhism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Buddhism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Venezuela" title="Buddhism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism" title="History of Buddhism">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Buddhism" title="Timeline of Buddhism">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanishka" title="Kanishka">Kanishka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_councils" title="Buddhist councils">Buddhist councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India" title="History of Buddhism in India">History of Buddhism in India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decline_of_Buddhism_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent">Decline of Buddhism in India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huichang_persecution_of_Buddhism" title="Huichang persecution of Buddhism">Huichang persecution of Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhism" title="Greco-Buddhism">Greco-Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandharan_Buddhism" title="Gandharan Buddhism">Gandharan Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandh%C4%81ran_Buddhist_texts" title="Gandhāran Buddhist texts">Texts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menander_I" title="Menander I">Menander I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_the_Roman_world" title="Buddhism and the Roman world">Buddhism and the Roman world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_West" title="Buddhism in the West">Buddhism in the West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_transmission_of_Buddhism" title="Silk Road transmission of Buddhism">Silk Road transmission of Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Persecution of Buddhists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Afghanistan" title="Buddhism in Afghanistan">In Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_crisis" title="Buddhist crisis">In Vietnam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rim%C3%A9_movement" title="Rimé movement">Rimé movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banishment_of_Buddhist_monks_from_Nepal" title="Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal">Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalit_Buddhist_movement" title="Dalit Buddhist movement">Dalit Buddhist movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China">Chinese invasion of Tibet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">1959 Tibetan uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_Buddhist_nationalism" title="Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism">Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vipassana_movement" title="Vipassana movement">Vipassana movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/969_Movement" title="969 Movement">969 Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engaged_Buddhism" title="Engaged Buddhism">Engaged Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Buddhism" title="Women in Buddhism">Women in Buddhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_philosophy" title="Buddhist philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhidharma" title="Abhidharma">Abhidharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_atomism" title="Buddhist atomism">Atomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_studies" title="Buddhist studies">Buddhology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_in_Buddhism" title="Creator in Buddhism">Creator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_democracy" title="Buddhism and democracy">Buddhism and democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_economics" title="Buddhist economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Consciousnesses" title="Eight Consciousnesses">Eight Consciousnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engaged_Buddhism" title="Engaged Buddhism">Engaged Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_eschatology" title="Buddhist eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhism and evolution">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Buddhism" title="Humanistic Buddhism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_logico-epistemology" title="Buddhist logico-epistemology">Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_in_Buddhism" title="Reality in Buddhism">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Buddhism" title="Secular Buddhism">Secular Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_unanswerable_questions" title="The unanswerable questions">The unanswerable questions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Buddhism" title="Culture of Buddhism">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_architecture" title="Buddhist architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_temple" title="Buddhist temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vih%C4%81ra" title="Vihāra">Vihāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyaung" title="Kyaung">Kyaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wat" title="Wat">Wat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination_hall" title="Ordination hall">Ordination hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">Stupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">Pagoda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_pagoda" title="Burmese pagoda">Burmese pagoda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candi_of_Indonesia" title="Candi of Indonesia">Candi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzong_architecture" title="Dzong architecture">Dzong architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_architecture_in_China" title="List of Buddhist architecture in China">List of Buddhist architecture in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Buddhist_architecture" title="Japanese Buddhist architecture">Japanese Buddhist architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_temples_in_Korea" title="Buddhist temples in Korea">Buddhist temples in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_temple_art_and_architecture" title="Thai temple art and architecture">Thai temple art and architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_architecture" title="Tibetan Buddhist architecture">Tibetan Buddhist architecture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_art" title="Buddhist art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art" title="Greco-Buddhist art">Greco-Buddhist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budai" title="Budai">Budai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_in_art" title="Buddha in art">Buddha in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_funeral" title="Buddhist funeral">Funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_holidays" title="Buddhist holidays">Holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vesak" title="Vesak">Vesak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uposatha" title="Uposatha">Uposatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81gha_P%C5%ABj%C4%81" title="Māgha Pūjā">Māgha Pūjā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asalha_Puja" title="Asalha Puja">Asalha Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassa" title="Vassa">Vassa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaya_Sri_Maha_Bodhi" title="Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi">Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasaya_(clothing)" title="Kasaya (clothing)">Kasaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabodhi_Temple" title="Mahabodhi Temple">Mahabodhi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">Mantra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Om_mani_padme_hum" title="Om mani padme hum">Om mani padme hum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra">Mudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_music" title="Buddhist music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites" title="Buddhist pilgrimage sites">Pilgrimage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini">Lumbini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Devi_Temple,_Lumbini" title="Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini">Maya Devi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnath" title="Sarnath">Sarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushinagar" title="Kushinagar">Kushinagar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_poetry" title="Buddhist poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japamala" title="Japamala">Prayer beads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_yumi" title="Hama yumi">Hama yumi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prayer wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_symbolism" title="Buddhist symbolism">Symbolism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharmachakra" title="Dharmachakra">Dharmachakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_flag" title="Buddhist flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavacakra" title="Bhavacakra">Bhavacakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">Swastika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thangka" title="Thangka">Thangka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Tooth" title="Temple of the Tooth">Temple of the Tooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_vegetarianism" title="Buddhist vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Buddhism-related_articles" title="Index of Buddhism-related articles">Miscellaneous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81" title="Abhijñā">Abhijñā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit%C4%81bha" title="Amitābha">Amitābha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahm%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Brahmā (Buddhism)">Brahmā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_talk" title="Dharma talk">Dharma talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinayana" title="Hinayana">Hinayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddhi" title="Iddhi">Iddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(time)" title="Kalpa (time)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koliya" title="Koliya">Koliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineage_(Buddhism)" title="Lineage (Buddhism)">Lineage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_(demon)" title="Mara (demon)">Māra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhi" title="Siddhi">Siddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_language" title="Sacred language">Sacred languages</a> <ul><li><a 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