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effect</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: vaccination effect"> <meta name="keywords" content="vaccination effect"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="vaccination effect"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 14909</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: vaccination effect</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14909</span> Stability Analysis of Rabies Model with Vaccination Effect and Culling in Dogs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eti%20Dwi%20Wiraningsih">Eti Dwi Wiraningsih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Folashade%20Agusto"> Folashade Agusto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lina%20Aryati"> Lina Aryati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syamsuddin%20Toaha"> Syamsuddin Toaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suzanne%20Lenhart"> Suzanne Lenhart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Widodo"> Widodo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Willy%20Govaerts"> Willy Govaerts</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper considers a deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of rabies virus in the wild dogs-domestic dogs-human zoonotic cycle. The effect of vaccination and culling in dogs is considered on the model, then the stability was analysed to get basic reproduction number. We use the next generation matrix method and Routh-Hurwitz test to analyze the stability of the Disease-Free Equilibrium and Endemic Equilibrium of this model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability%20analysis" title="stability analysis">stability analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rabies%20model" title=" rabies model"> rabies model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination%20effect" title=" vaccination effect"> vaccination effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culling%20in%20dogs" title=" culling in dogs"> culling in dogs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21184/stability-analysis-of-rabies-model-with-vaccination-effect-and-culling-in-dogs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">628</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14908</span> Hepatitis B Vaccination Status and Its Determinants among Primary Health Care Workers in Northwest Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Tahir%20Yousafzai">Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubina%20Qasim"> Rubina Qasim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We assessed Hepatitis B vaccination and its determinants among health care workers (HCW) in Northwest Pakistan. HCWs from both public and private clinics were interviewed about hepatitis B vaccination, socio-demographic, hepatitis B virus transmission modes, disease threat and benefits of vaccination. Logistic regression was performed. Hepatitis B vaccination was 40% (Qualified Physicians: 86% and non-qualified Dispensers:16%). Being Qualified Physician (Adj. OR 26.6; 95%CI 9.3-73.2), Non-qualified Physician (Adj.OR 1.9; 95%CI 0.8-4.6), qualified Dispensers (Adj. OR 3.6; 95%CI 1.3-9.5) compared to non-qualified Dispensers, working in public clinics (Adj. OR 2.5; 95%CI 1.1-5.7) compared to private, perceived disease threat after exposure to blood and body fluids (Adj. OR 1.1; 95%CI 1.1-1.2) and perceived benefits of vaccination (Adj. OR 1.1; 95%CI 1.1-1.2) were significant predictors of hepatitis B vaccination. Improved perception of disease threat and benefits of vaccination and qualification of HCWs are associated with hepatitis B vaccination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hepatitis%20B%20vaccine" title="Hepatitis B vaccine">Hepatitis B vaccine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunization" title=" immunization"> immunization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthcare%20workers" title=" healthcare workers"> healthcare workers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20health" title=" primary health "> primary health </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13926/hepatitis-b-vaccination-status-and-its-determinants-among-primary-health-care-workers-in-northwest-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14907</span> Parental Discourse on Childhood Vaccination Programme: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tengku%20Farah%20Petri%20Tengku%20Mahmood">Tengku Farah Petri Tengku Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shameem%20Rafik-Galea"> Shameem Rafik-Galea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zalina%20Mohd%20Kasim"> Zalina Mohd Kasim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norlijah%20Othman"> Norlijah Othman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Childhood vaccination programme is mandatory in Malaysia. However, the decision to vaccinate or not vaccinate children is still left to the parents. Presently, there are parents who are opting out of vaccination claiming that it causes autism and other chronic disorders despite inconclusive evidence. There appears to be a dangerous trend among some Malaysian parents to not vaccinate their children and to not participate in the childhood vaccination programme. This study presents preliminary findings of parental discourse on childhood vaccination programme through the perspective of the Integrated Threat Theory. An in-depth interview was carried out to investigate a parent’s concern of the effects of childhood vaccination on children. A thematic discourse analysis was used to analyse the transcribed data. The emerging themes based on the analysis and their relevance to our understanding of a parent’s concerns of the effects of childhood vaccination on children are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title="case study">case study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parental%20discourse" title=" parental discourse"> parental discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thematic%20discourse%20analysis" title=" thematic discourse analysis"> thematic discourse analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=childhood%20vaccination" title=" childhood vaccination"> childhood vaccination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64051/parental-discourse-on-childhood-vaccination-programme-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14906</span> Vaccination against Hepatitis B in Tunisian Health Care Workers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Ammar">Asma Ammar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabiha%20Bouafia"> Nabiha Bouafia </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20%20BenCheikh"> Asma BenCheikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Mahjoub"> Mohamed Mahjoub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olfa%20Ezzi"> Olfa Ezzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wadiaa%20Bannour"> Wadiaa Bannour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radhia%20Helali"> Radhia Helali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansour%20Njah"> Mansour Njah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The objective of the present study was to identify factors associated with vaccination against Hepatitis B virus (HBV) among healthcare workers (HWs) in the University Hospital Center (UHC) Farhat Hached Sousse, Tunisia. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study all licensed physicians (n= 206) and a representative sample of paramedical staff (n= 372) exercising at UHC Hached Sousse (Tunisia) during two months (January and February 2014). Data were collected using a self-administered and pre-tested questionnaire, which composed by 21 questions. In order to determinate factors associated with vaccination against hepatitis B among HWs, this questionnaire was based on the Health Belief Model, one of the most classical behavior theories. Logistic regression with the stepwise method of Hosmer and Lemeshow was used to identify the determinants of the use of vaccination against HBV. Results: The response rates were 79.8%. Fifty two percent believe that HBV is frequent in our healthcare units and 60.6% consider it a severe infection. The prevalence of HWs vaccination was 39%, 95% CI [34.49%; 43.5%]. In multivariate analysis, determinants of the use of vaccination against HBV among HWs were young age (p=10-4), male gender (p = 0. 006), high or very high importance accorded to health (p = 0.035), perception membership in a risk group for HBV infection (p = 0.038) and very favorable or favorable opinion about vaccination against HVB (p=10-4). Conclusion: The results of our study should be considered in any strategy for preventing VHB infection in HWs. In the mean time, coverage with standard vaccines should be improved also by supplying complete information on the risks of VHB infection and on the safety and efficacy of vaccination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hepatitis%20B%20virus" title="Hepatitis B virus">Hepatitis B virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthcare%20workers" title=" healthcare workers"> healthcare workers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65623/vaccination-against-hepatitis-b-in-tunisian-health-care-workers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14905</span> Effects of Propolis on Immunomodulatory and Antibody Production in Broilers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Hsiang%20Yu">Yu-Hsiang Yu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The immunomodulatory effect of propolis has been widely investigated in the past decade. However, the beneficial effects in broilers are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of propolis added in drinking water on immunomodulatory and antibody production in broiler. Total of 48 chicks were randomly allocated into four groups with 12 broilers per group. All birds were intranasal inoculated with Newcastle Disease vaccine at 4 and 14 days old of age. Four groups, including control without any treatment, groups of A, B and F [3 days of anterior (A), 3 days of posterior (P) and 6 days of full (F)] were supplied the propolis at 300 ppm in drinking water when vaccination was performed, respectively. Our results showed that no significant difference was found in growth performance, antibody production and immune organ index among groups. However, propolis treatments in broilers significantly reduced IL-4 expression in spleen at 14 days-old of age and bursa at 28 days-old of age compared with control group. The expression of IFN-gamma in spleen (A, P and F group) and bursal (F group) were elevated compared with control group at 28 days-old of age. In conclusion, our results indicated that propolis-treated birds could bear the capability for immunomodulatory effects by change Th1 subset cytokine expression in vaccination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propolis" title="propolis">propolis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broiler" title=" broiler"> broiler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunomodulatory" title=" immunomodulatory"> immunomodulatory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50806/effects-of-propolis-on-immunomodulatory-and-antibody-production-in-broilers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50806.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14904</span> Spatial Temporal Change of COVID-19 Vaccination Condition in the US: An Exploration Based on Space Time Cube</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yue%20Hao">Yue Hao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> COVID-19 vaccines not only protect individuals but society as a whole. In this case, having an understanding of the change and trend of vaccination conditions may shed some light on revising and making up-to-date policies regarding large-scale public health promotions and calls in order to lead and encourage the adoption of COVID-19 vaccines. However, vaccination status change over time and vary from place to place hidden patterns that were not fully explored in previous research. In our research, we took advantage of the spatial-temporal analytical methods in the domain of geographic information science and captured the spatial-temporal changes regarding COVID-19 vaccination status in the United States during 2020 and 2021. After conducting the emerging hot spots analysis on both the state level data of the US and county level data of California we found that: (1) at the macroscopic level, there is a continuously increasing trend of the vaccination rate in the US, but there is a variance on the spatial clusters at county level; (2) spatial hotspots and clusters with high vaccination amount over time were clustered around the west and east coast in regions like California and New York City where are densely populated with considerable economy conditions; (3) in terms of the growing trend of the daily vaccination among, Los Angeles County alone has very high statistics and dramatic increases over time. We hope that our findings can be valuable guidance for supporting future decision-making regarding vaccination policies as well as directing new research on relevant topics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19%20vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20time%20cube" title=" space time cube"> space time cube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial-temporal%20analysis" title=" spatial-temporal analysis"> spatial-temporal analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159338/spatial-temporal-change-of-covid-19-vaccination-condition-in-the-us-an-exploration-based-on-space-time-cube" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14903</span> Analyzing Factors Impacting COVID-19 Vaccination Rates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongseok%20Cho">Dongseok Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mitchell%20Driedger"> Mitchell Driedger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sera%20Han"> Sera Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noman%20Khan"> Noman Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Elmorsy"> Mohammed Elmorsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20El-Hajj"> Mohamad El-Hajj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the approval of the COVID-19 vaccine in late 2020, vaccination rates have varied around the globe. Access to a vaccine supply, mandated vaccination policy, and vaccine hesitancy contribute to these rates. This study used COVID-19 vaccination data from Our World in Data and the Multilateral Leaders Task Force on COVID-19 to create two COVID-19 vaccination indices. The first index is the Vaccine Utilization Index (VUI), which measures how effectively each country has utilized its vaccine supply to doubly vaccinate its population. The second index is the Vaccination Acceleration Index (VAI), which evaluates how efficiently each country vaccinated its population within its first 150 days. Pearson correlations were created between these indices and country indicators obtained from the World Bank. The results of these correlations identify countries with stronger health indicators, such as lower mortality rates, lower age dependency ratios, and higher rates of immunization to other diseases, displaying higher VUI and VAI scores than countries with lesser values. VAI scores are also positively correlated to Governance and Economic indicators, such as regulatory quality, control of corruption, and GDP per capita. As represented by the VUI, proper utilization of the COVID-19 vaccine supply by country is observed in countries that display excellence in health practices. A country’s motivation to accelerate its vaccination rates within the first 150 days of vaccinating, as represented by the VAI, was largely a product of the governing body’s effectiveness and economic status, as well as overall excellence in health practises. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title="data mining">data mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pearson%20correlation" title=" Pearson correlation"> Pearson correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination%20rates%20and%20hesitancy" title=" vaccination rates and hesitancy"> vaccination rates and hesitancy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155173/analyzing-factors-impacting-covid-19-vaccination-rates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14902</span> Effect of Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (HIB) Vaccination on Child Anthropometry in India: Evidence from Young Lives Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swati%20Srivastava">Swati Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Kumar%20Upadhyay"> Ashish Kumar Upadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Haemophilus influenzae Type B (Hib) cause infections of pneumonia, meningitis, epiglottises and other invasive disease exclusively among children under age five. Occurrence of these infections may impair child growth by causing micronutrient deficiency. Using longitudinal data from first and second waves of Young Lives Study conducted in India during 2002 and 2006-07 respectively and multivariable logistic regression models (using generalised estimation equation to take into account the cluster nature of sample), this study aims to examine the impact of Hib vaccination on child anthropometric outcomes (stunting, underweight and wasting) in India. Bivariate result shows that, a higher percent of children were stunted and underweight among those who were not vaccinated against Hib (39% & 48% respectively) as compare to those who were vaccinated (31% and 39% respectively).The risk of childhood stunting and underweight was significantly lower among children who were vaccinated against Hib (odds ratio: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62-0.96 and odds ratio: 0.79, 95% C.I: 0.64-0.98 respectively) as compare to the unvaccinated children. No significant association was found between vaccination status against Hib and childhood wasting. Moreover, in the statistical models, about 13% of stunting and 12% of underweight could be attributable to lack of vaccination against Hib in India. Study concludes that vaccination against Hib- in addition to being a major intervention for reducing childhood infectious disease and mortality- can be consider as a potential tool for reducing the burden of undernutrition in India. Therefore, the Government of India must include the vaccine against Hib into the Universal Immunization Programme in India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haemophilus%20influenzae%20Type-B" title="Haemophilus influenzae Type-B">Haemophilus influenzae Type-B</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stunting" title=" Stunting"> Stunting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Underweight" title=" Underweight"> Underweight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasting" title=" Wasting"> Wasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Lives%20Study%20%28YLS%29" title=" Young Lives Study (YLS)"> Young Lives Study (YLS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India "> India </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40682/effect-of-haemophilus-influenzae-type-b-hib-vaccination-on-child-anthropometry-in-india-evidence-from-young-lives-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40682.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14901</span> The Effect of COVID-19 Transmission, Lockdown Measures, and Vaccination on Stock Market Returns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belhouchet%20Selma">Belhouchet Selma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Amar%20Anis"> Ben Amar Anis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We examine the impact of COVID-19 transmission, containment measures, and vaccination growth on daily stock market returns for the G7 countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States) from January 22, 2020, to August 31, 2021, more than a year and a half after COVID-19. For this objective, we use panel pooled ordinary least squares regressions. Our findings indicate that the spread of the pandemic has a negative impact on the daily performance of the world's seven main stock markets. Government measures to improve stock market returns are no longer successful. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that immunization efforts in G7 nations do not increase stock market performance in these countries. A variety of robustness tests back up our conclusions. Our findings have far-reaching implications for investors, governments, and regulators not only in the G7 countries but also in all developed countries and all countries globally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G7%20stock%20market" title=" G7 stock market"> G7 stock market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=containment%20measures" title=" containment measures"> containment measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155046/the-effect-of-covid-19-transmission-lockdown-measures-and-vaccination-on-stock-market-returns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14900</span> An Optimal Control Model for the Dynamics of Visceral Leishmaniasis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20M.%20Elmojtaba">Ibrahim M. Elmojtaba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayan%20M.%20Altayeb"> Rayan M. Altayeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne disease caused by the protozoa parasite of the genus leishmania. The transmission of the parasite to humans and animals occurs via the bite of adult female sandflies previously infected by biting and sucking blood of an infectious humans or animals. In this paper we use a previously proposed model, and then applied two optimal controls, namely treatment and vaccination to that model to investigate optimal strategies for controlling the spread of the disease using treatment and vaccination as the system control variables. The possible impact of using combinations of the two controls, either one at a time or two at a time on the spread of the disease is also examined. Our results provide a framework for vaccination and treatment strategies to reduce susceptible and infection individuals of VL in five years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visceral%20leishmaniasis" title="visceral leishmaniasis">visceral leishmaniasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatment" title=" treatment"> treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20control" title=" optimal control"> optimal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39487/an-optimal-control-model-for-the-dynamics-of-visceral-leishmaniasis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14899</span> Analysis of Impact of Flu Vaccination on Acute Respiratory Viral Infections (ARVI) Morbidity among Population in South Kazakhstan Region, 2010-2015</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karlygash%20Tulendieva">Karlygash Tulendieva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Presently vaccination is the most effective method of prevention of flu and its complications. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of the increase of coverage of the population of South Kazakhstan region with flu vaccination and decrease of the ARVI morbidity. The analysis was performed on the data of flu vaccination of risk groups, including children under one year and pregnant women. Data on ARVI morbidity during 2010-2015 and data on vaccination were taken from the reports of the Epidemiological Surveillance Unit of Department of Consumers’ Rights Protection of South Kazakhstan region. Coverage with flu vaccination of the risk groups was annually increasing and in 2015 it reached 16% (450,000/2,800,682) from the total population. The ARVI morbidity rate in the entire population in 2010 was 2,010.4 per 100,000 of the population and decreased 3.2 times to 609.9 per 100,000 of the population in 2015. Annual growth was observed from 2010 to 2015 of specific weight of the vaccinated main risk groups: healthcare workers by 51% (from 17,331 in 2010 to 33,538 in 2015), children with chronic pulmonary and cardio-vascular diseases, immune deficiency, weak and sickly children above six months by 39% (from 63,122 in 2010 to 158,023 in 2015), adults with chronic co-morbidities by 27% (from 44,271 in 2010 to 162,595 in 2015), persons above 65 by 17% (from 10,276 in 2010 to 57,875 in 2015), and annual coverage of pregnant women on second or third trimester from 34,443 in 2010 to 37,969 in 2015. Starting from 2013 and until 2015 vaccination was performed in the region with coverage of at least 90% of children from 6 months to one year. The ARVI morbidity in this age group decreased 3.3 times from 8,687.8 per 100,000 of the population in 2010 to 2,585.8 per 100,000 of the population in 2015. Vaccination of pregnant women on 2-3 trimester was started in the region in 2012. Annual increase of vaccination coverage of pregnant women from 86.1% (34,443/40,000) in 2012 to 95% (37,969/40,000) in 2015 decreased the morbidity 1.5 times from 4,828.8 per 100,000 of population in 2012 to 3,022.7 per 100,000 of population in 2015. Following the increase of vaccination coverage of the population in South Kazakhstan region, the trend was observed of decrease of ARVI morbidity rates among the population and main risk groups, among pregnant women and children under one year. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20respiratory%20viral%20infections" title="acute respiratory viral infections">acute respiratory viral infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flu" title=" flu"> flu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20groups" title=" risk groups"> risk groups</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56142/analysis-of-impact-of-flu-vaccination-on-acute-respiratory-viral-infections-arvi-morbidity-among-population-in-south-kazakhstan-region-2010-2015" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14898</span> A Retrospective Study of Dog Bite Occurrence and Anti Rabies Vaccination of Dogs in Veterinary Clinics in Aba, Abia State Nigeria from January 2016 to December 2020</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Innocent%20C.%20Abazie">Innocent C. Abazie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Odukoya%20A.%20Olatunde"> Odukoya A. Olatunde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ochuko%20Orakpoghenor"> Ochuko Orakpoghenor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bamidele%20J.%20Kolawole"> Bamidele J. Kolawole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hannah%20L.%20Kolawole"> Hannah L. Kolawole</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was carried out to obtain five-year retrospective data on dog bite cases and antirabies vaccination of dogs in relation to rabies control in Aba, Abia state, Nigeria. Data for retrospective studies (2016 - 2020) was collected from both government and private veterinary clinics in Aba. A total of 66 dog bite cases were reported between January 2016 and December 2020 with a majority of victims being adults (51.5%) within the ages of 18 – 50 years. On the prevalence of dog bite cases according to the gender of victims, males (75.8%) were mostly involved compared to female victims (24.2%). Anatomically, the majority of bite wounds (65.2%) were on the legs. The monthly distribution of bites indicates a higher frequency in the months of January and March (dry season). Local 28 (43.8%) and exotic breeds 30(46.8%) of dogs were mostly involved in the dog bite cases. The majority of the dogs (92.2%) involved in the bite cases were known dogs whose owners could be contacted, while a very few proportion (7.8%) were stray dogs. Results of this study indicated that only 16 (25%) of the offending dogs had a current antirabies vaccination record, 8 (12.5%) had an unknown vaccination record, while the largest proportion, 40 (62.5%) of the offending dogs had no current vaccination record. Public awareness of the danger of dog bites in relation to rabies and increased antirabies vaccination of dogs as a means of controlling the disease is recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aba" title="Aba">Aba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dog%20bite" title=" dog bite"> dog bite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rabies" title=" rabies"> rabies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination%20profile" title=" vaccination profile"> vaccination profile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177745/a-retrospective-study-of-dog-bite-occurrence-and-anti-rabies-vaccination-of-dogs-in-veterinary-clinics-in-aba-abia-state-nigeria-from-january-2016-to-december-2020" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14897</span> Low Influenza Vaccine Coverage Rates among Polish Nurses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aneta%20Nitsch-Osuch">Aneta Nitsch-Osuch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katarzyna%20Zycinska"> Katarzyna Zycinska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ewa%20Gyrczuk"> Ewa Gyrczuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agnieszka%20Topczewska-Cabanek"> Agnieszka Topczewska-Cabanek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazimierz%20Wardyn"> Kazimierz Wardyn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Influenza is an important clinical and epidemiological problem and should be considered as a possible nosocomial infection. The aim of the study was to determine the influenza vaccine coverage rates among Polish nurses and to find out drivers and barriers for influenza vaccination among this group of health care workers (HCWs). Material and methods: The self- fulfilled survey with 26 questions about the knowledge, perception, and influenza coverage rates was distributed among 461 nurses. Results: Only 15% of nurses were vaccinated against influenza in the consecutive seasons. The majority (75%) of the regularly vaccinated nurses were ambulatory careworkers. The difference between the number of vaccinated hospitals and ambulatory care nurses was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The main motivating factors for an influenza vaccination were: a fear of the illness and its complications (97%) and a free of charge vaccine available at the workplace (87%). Ambulatory care nurses more often declared that they were vaccinated mainly to protect themselves while hospital care nurses more often declared the will to protect their patients, these differences in the perception and attitudes to an influenza vaccination among hospital and ambulatory care nurses were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The main barriers for an influenza vaccination among the nursing staff were: a lack of reimbursement of the vaccine (95%), a lack of insufficient knowledge about the effectiveness, and safety of the influenza vaccine (54%). The ambulatory care nurses more often found influenza vaccination as the ethical duty compared to hospital care nurses (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The influenza vaccine coverage rates among the Polish nurses are low and must be improved in the future. More educational activities dedicated to HCWs may result in the increased awareness of influenza vaccination benefits for both medical professionals and patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influenza" title="influenza">influenza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nurses" title=" nurses"> nurses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ambulatory%20careworkers" title=" ambulatory careworkers"> ambulatory careworkers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26033/low-influenza-vaccine-coverage-rates-among-polish-nurses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26033.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14896</span> Analysis of Post-vaccination Immunity in Children with Severe Chronic Diseases Receiving Immunosuppressive Therapy by Specific IgG Antibodies Definition Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marina%20G.%20Galitskaya">Marina G. Galitskaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20G.%20Makarova"> Svetlana G. Makarova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrey%20P.%20Fisenko."> Andrey P. Fisenko.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Children on medication-induced immunosuppression are at high risk of developing severe course infectious diseases. Therefore, preventive vaccination is especially important for these children. However, due to the immunosuppressive effects of treatment for the underlying disease, the effectiveness of vaccination may decrease below the protective level. In a multidisciplinary children's medical center, post-vaccination immunity was studied in 79 children aged 4-17 years. The children were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (38 children) with kidney pathology (Nephrotic Syndrome) and Group 2 (41 children) with inflammatory bowel diseases (Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn's Disease). Both groups of children were vaccinated according to the national vaccination calendar and received immunosuppressive therapy (prednisolone, methotrexate, cyclosporine, and other drugs) for at least 1 year. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, specific IgG antibodies to vaccine-preventable infections were determined: measles, rubella, mumps, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and hepatitis B. The study showed the percentage of children with positive IgG values for vaccine-preventable infections. The highest percentage of children had protective antibody levels to measles (84.2% in children with nephrotic syndrome and 92.6% in those with inflammatory bowel disease) and rubella (71% and 80.4%, respectively). The lowest percentage of children with protective antibodies was for hepatitis B (5.2% and 29.2% respectively). Antibodies to mumps, diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus were found not in all children (from 39,4% to 82,9%). The remaining percentage of children did not have detectable IgG antibodies to vaccine-preventable infections. Not all children, despite the previous vaccination, preserved antibodies to vaccine-controlled infections and remained unprotected by specific IgG antibodies. The issue of a booster vaccine dose should be considered in children without contraindications to vaccination. Children receiving long-term immunosuppressive therapy require an individual vaccination approach, including a specific definition of the performed vaccination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunosuppressive%20therapy" title="immunosuppressive therapy">immunosuppressive therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammatory%20bowel%20diseases" title=" inflammatory bowel diseases"> inflammatory bowel diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nephrotic%20syndrome" title=" nephrotic syndrome"> nephrotic syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-vaccination%20immunity" title=" post-vaccination immunity"> post-vaccination immunity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20antibodies" title=" specific antibodies"> specific antibodies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine-preventable%20infections." title=" vaccine-preventable infections."> vaccine-preventable infections.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186797/analysis-of-post-vaccination-immunity-in-children-with-severe-chronic-diseases-receiving-immunosuppressive-therapy-by-specific-igg-antibodies-definition-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">33</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14895</span> Controlled Chemotherapy Strategy Applied to HIV Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shohel%20Ahmed">Shohel Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Abdul%20Alim"> Md. Abdul Alim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumaiya%20Rahman"> Sumaiya Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optimal control can be helpful to test and compare different vaccination strategies of a certain disease. The mathematical model of HIV we consider here is a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) describing the interactions of CD4+T cells of the immune system with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As an early treatment setting, we investigate an optimal chemotherapy strategy where control represents the percentage of effect the chemotherapy has on the system. The aim is to obtain a new optimal chemotherapeutic strategy where an isoperimetric constraint on the chemotherapy supply plays a crucial role. We outline the steps in formulating an optimal control problem, derive optimality conditions and demonstrate numerical results of an optimal control for the model. Numerical results illustrate how such a constraint alters the optimal vaccination schedule and its effect on cell-virus interactions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemotherapy%20of%20HIV" title="chemotherapy of HIV">chemotherapy of HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20control%20involving%20ODEs" title=" optimal control involving ODEs"> optimal control involving ODEs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimality%20conditions" title=" optimality conditions"> optimality conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pontryagin%E2%80%99s%20maximum%20principle" title=" Pontryagin’s maximum principle"> Pontryagin’s maximum principle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65162/controlled-chemotherapy-strategy-applied-to-hiv-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65162.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14894</span> A Mathematical Model for Hepatitis B Virus Infection and the Impact of Vaccination on Its Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20G.%20Kassem">T. G. Kassem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Adunchezor"> A. K. Adunchezor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20P.%20Chollom"> J. P. Chollom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes a mathematical model developed to predict the dynamics of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and to evaluate the potential impact of vaccination and treatment on its dynamics. We used a compartmental model expressed by a set of differential equations based on the characteristic of HBV transmission. With these, we find the threshold quantity R0, then find the local asymptotic stability of disease free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium. Furthermore, we find the global stability of the disease free and endemic equilibrium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20B%20virus" title="hepatitis B virus">hepatitis B virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiology" title=" epidemiology"> epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title=" mathematical model"> mathematical model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6070/a-mathematical-model-for-hepatitis-b-virus-infection-and-the-impact-of-vaccination-on-its-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14893</span> The Polarization on Twitter and COVID-19 Vaccination in Brazil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giselda%20Cristina%20Ferreira">Giselda Cristina Ferreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Alberto%20Kamienski"> Carlos Alberto Kamienski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20L%C3%ADgia%20Scott"> Ana Lígia Scott</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The COVID-19 pandemic has enhanced the anti-vaccination movement in Brazil, supported by unscientific theories and false news and the possibility of wide communication through social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified the large volume of information on the subject against COVID-19 as an Infodemic. In this paper, we present a protocol to identify polarizing users (called polarizers) and study the profiles of Brazilian polarizers on Twitter (renamed to X some weeks ago). We analyzed polarizing interactions on Twitter (in Portuguese) to identify the main polarizers and how the conflicts they caused influenced the COVID-19 vaccination rate throughout the pandemic. This protocol uses data from this social network, graph theory, Java, and R-studio scripts to model and analyze the data. The information about the vaccination rate was obtained in a public database for the government called OpenDataSus. The results present the profiles of Twitter’s Polarizer (political position, gender, professional activity, immunization opinions). We observed that social and political events influenced the participation of these different profiles in conflicts and the vaccination rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization" title=" polarization"> polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine" title=" vaccine"> vaccine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brazil" title=" Brazil"> Brazil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171793/the-polarization-on-twitter-and-covid-19-vaccination-in-brazil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14892</span> Activities for Increasing Childhood Vaccination Coverage of the Refugee and Migrant Population, Greece, European Program PHILOS, 2017</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Silvestros">C. Silvestros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Mellou"> K. Mellou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Georgakopoulou"> T. Georgakopoulou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Koustenis"> A. Koustenis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Kokkinou"> E. Kokkinou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Botsi"> C. Botsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Terzidis"> A. Terzidis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 'PHILOS – Emergency health response to refugee crisis' is a programme of the Greek Ministry of Health, implemented by the Hellenic Center for Disease Control and Prevention (HCDCP) funded by the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF) of EU’s DG Migration and Home Affairs. One of the main objectives of the program is the immunization coverage of the target – population to assure the prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases. The program foresees vaccination needs assessment of children hosted at camps at the mainland and implementation of interventions to cover the vaccination gaps in co-operation with the Ministry of Health. The National Immunization Advisory Committee in Greece recommended that MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella), PCV (Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) and HEXA (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b) vaccines should be performed in priority. Recording was completed at 24 camps (May - June 2017); 3381 children (0-18 years) were recorded. The median number of children hosted at each camp was 95 (range: 5-553). For 68% of the children, the WHO vaccination booklet was available. 44%, 48.5% and 61% of the children were vaccinated with at least one dose of PCV, HEXA, and MMR, respectively. The proportion of vaccinated children for the three vaccines mentioned above is significantly lower for the remaining doses; PCV (second dose 8%, third dose 1.3%), HEXA (second dose 13%, third dose 2.7%, forth dose 0.1%) and MMR (second dose 23%). None of the 37 (10 from Afghanistan, 3 from Bangladesh, 23 from Pakistan, 1 from Syria) recorded unaccompanied children did not have a WHO vaccination booklet and were considered unvaccinated. There is no differentiation in vaccination coverage among different ethnicities. Massive catch up vaccination was performed at 4 camps, and 671 vaccinations were performed (245 PCV, 307 HEXA, and 119 MMR). Similar interventions are planned for all camps of the country. Recording reveled gaps in vaccination coverage of the population, mainly because of the mobility of the population, the influx of refugees- which is still ongoing- and new births. Mass vaccination campaigns are considered vital in order to increase vaccination coverage, and continuous efforts are needed in order all children living at the camps to have full access to the National Childhood Immunization Program. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine%20preventable" title="vaccine preventable">vaccine preventable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refugee%E2%80%93migrants%20camps" title=" refugee–migrants camps"> refugee–migrants camps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination%20coverage" title=" vaccination coverage"> vaccination coverage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCV" title=" PCV"> PCV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MMR" title=" MMR"> MMR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HEXA" title=" HEXA"> HEXA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77245/activities-for-increasing-childhood-vaccination-coverage-of-the-refugee-and-migrant-population-greece-european-program-philos-2017" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14891</span> A Vaccination Program to Control an Outbreak of Acute Hepatitis A among MSM in Taiwan, 2016</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying-Jung%20Hsieh">Ying-Jung Hsieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angela%20S.%20Huang"> Angela S. Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chu-Ming%20Chiu"> Chu-Ming Chiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Min%20Chou"> Yu-Min Chou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin-Hui%20Yang"> Chin-Hui Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Objectives: Hepatitis A is primarily acquired by the fecal-oral route through person-to-person contact or ingestion of contaminated food or water. During 2010 to 2014, an average of 83 cases of locally-acquired disease was reported to Taiwan’s notifiable disease system. Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (TCDC) identified an outbreak of acute hepatitis A which began in June 2015. Of the 126 cases reported in 2015, 103 (82%) cases were reported during June–December and 95 cases (92%) of them were male. The average age of all male cases was 31 years (median, 29 years; range, 15–76 years). Among the 95 male cases, 49 (52%) were also infected with HIV, and all reported to have had sex with other men. To control this outbreak, TCDC launched a free hepatitis A vaccination program in January 2016 for close contacts of confirmed hepatitis A cases, including family members, sexual partners, and household contacts. Effect of the vaccination program was evaluated. Methods: All cases of hepatitis A reported to the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System were included. A case of hepatitis A was defined as a locally-acquired disease in a person who had acute clinical symptoms include fever, malaise, loss of appetite, nausea or abdominal discomfort compatible with hepatitis, and tested positive for anti-HAV IgM during June 2015 to June 2016 in Taiwan. The rate of case accumulation was calculated using a simple regression model. Results: During January–June 2016, there were 466 cases of hepatitis A reported; of the 243 (52%) who were also infected with HIV, 232 (95%) had a history of having sex with men. Of the 346 cases that were followed up, 259 (75%) provided information on contacts but only 14 (5%) of them provided the name of their sexual partners. Among the 602 contacts reported, 349 (58%) were family members, 14 (2%) were sexual partners, and 239 (40%) were other household contacts. Among the 602 contacts eligible for free hepatitis A vaccination, 440 (73%) received the vaccine. There were 87 (25%) cases that refused to disclose their close contacts. The average case accumulation rate during January–June 2016 was 21.7 cases per month, which was 6.8 times compared to the average case accumulation rate during June–December 2015 of 3.2 cases per month. Conclusions: Despite vaccination program aimed to provide free hepatitis A vaccine to close contacts of hepatitis A patients, the outbreak continued and even gained momentum in transmission. Refusal by hepatitis A patients to provide names of their close contacts and rejection of contacts to take the hepatitis A vaccine may have contributed to the poor effect of the program. Targeted vaccination efforts of all MSM may be needed to control the outbreak among this population in the short term. In the long term, universal vaccination program is needed to prevent the infection of hepatitis A. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20A" title="hepatitis A">hepatitis A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV" title=" HIV"> HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=men%20who%20have%20sex%20with%20men" title=" men who have sex with men"> men who have sex with men</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56588/a-vaccination-program-to-control-an-outbreak-of-acute-hepatitis-a-among-msm-in-taiwan-2016" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56588.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14890</span> Vaccination Coverage and Its Associated Factors in India: An ML Approach to Understand the Hierarchy and Inter-Connections</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anandita%20Mitro">Anandita Mitro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Archana%20Srivastava"> Archana Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bidisha%20Banerjee"> Bidisha Banerjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper attempts to analyze the hierarchy and interconnection of factors responsible for the uptake of BCG vaccination in India. The study uses National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) data which was conducted during 2019-21. The univariate logistic regression method is used to understand the univariate effects while the interconnection effects have been studied using the Categorical Inference Tree (CIT) which is a non-parametric Machine Learning (ML) model. The hierarchy of the factors is further established using Conditional Inference Forest which is an extension of the CIT approach. The results suggest that BCG vaccination coverage was influenced more by system-level factors and awareness than education or socio-economic status. Factors such as place of delivery, antenatal care, and postnatal care were crucial, with variations based on delivery location. Region-specific differences were also observed which could be explained by the factors. Awareness of the disease was less impactful along with the factor of wealth and urban or rural residence, although awareness did appear to substitute for inadequate ANC. Thus, from the policy point of view, it is revealed that certain subpopulations have less prevalence of vaccination which implies that there is a need for population-specific policy action to achieve a hundred percent coverage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title="vaccination">vaccination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NFHS" title=" NFHS"> NFHS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health" title=" public health"> public health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182806/vaccination-coverage-and-its-associated-factors-in-india-an-ml-approach-to-understand-the-hierarchy-and-inter-connections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182806.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14889</span> The Effect of Newspaper Reporting on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Randomised Controlled Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Rinaldi">Anna Rinaldi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pierfrancesco%20Dellino"> Pierfrancesco Dellino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy can be observed at different rates in different countries. In June 2021, 1,068 people were surveyed in France and Italy to inquire about individual potential acceptance, focusing on time preferences in a risk-return framework: having the vaccination today, in a month, and in 3 months; perceived risks of vaccination and COVID-19; and expected benefit of the vaccine. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to understand how everyday stimuli like fact-based news about vaccines impact an audience's acceptance of vaccination. The main experiment involved two groups of participants and two different articles about vaccine-related thrombosis taken from two Italian newspapers. One article used a more abstract description and language, and the other used a more anecdotal description and concrete language; each group read only one of these articles. Two other groups were assigned categorization tasks; one was asked to complete a concrete categorization task, and the other an abstract categorization task. Individual preferences for vaccination were found to be variable and unstable over time, and individual choices of accepting, refusing, or delaying could be affected by the way news is written. In order to understand these dynamic preferences, the present work proposes a new model based on seven categories of human behaviors that were validated by a neural network. A treatment effect was observed: participants who read the articles shifted to vaccine hesitancy categories more than participants assigned to other treatments and control. Furthermore, there was a significant gender effect, showing that the type of language leading to a lower hesitancy rate for men is correlated with a higher hesitancy rate for women and vice versa. This outcome should be taken into consideration for an appropriate gender-based communication campaign aimed at achieving herd immunity. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05582564 (17/10/2022). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine%20hesitancy" title="vaccine hesitancy">vaccine hesitancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20elicitation" title=" risk elicitation"> risk elicitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=covid19" title=" covid19"> covid19</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162956/the-effect-of-newspaper-reporting-on-covid-19-vaccine-hesitancy-a-randomised-controlled-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14888</span> Influenza Vaccination Acceptance and Refusal Reasons among Tunisian Elderly</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghassen%20%20Kharroubi">Ghassen Kharroubi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ines%20%20Cherif"> Ines Cherif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20%20Bouabid"> Leila Bouabid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20%20Gharbi"> Adel Gharbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aicha%20%20Boukthir"> Aicha Boukthir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Margaret%20%20McCarron"> Margaret McCarron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nissaf%20%20Ben%20Alaya"> Nissaf Ben Alaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afif%20%20Ben%20Salah"> Afif Ben Salah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihene%20%20Bettaieb"> Jihene Bettaieb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Influenza vaccination (IV) is recommended for elderly persons, especially those with underlying conditions. In countries where IV rates in the elderly remain unsatisfactory, exploring attitudes of older persons toward the flu vaccine could be useful to identify barriers and facilitators to IV. The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for IV acceptance or decline in the Tunisian elderly. A national cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019, among persons aged 60 years and over with chronic disease. Data were collected using a standard administered questionnaire. Of the 1191 older persons included, 19.4% received the influenza vaccine in the 2018-2019 flu season. The two main reasons that may lead to refusal of vaccination were concerns that the vaccine could cause side effects (71.5%) and a belief that the vaccine was ineffective (33.9%). The main reason that may lead to accepting vaccination was a doctor’s recommendation (41.1%). Doctors were by far the most trusted source for information regarding influenza vaccine (91.5%) followed by pharmacists (17.6%). Our results highlighted the important role that doctors could play in promoting IV among the Tunisian elderly. Physicians should correct misconceptions about adverse events and the efficiency of the vaccine. In fact, influenza vaccines are generally effective and safe among older persons. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitudes" title="attitudes">attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influenza%20vaccination" title=" influenza vaccination"> influenza vaccination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=older%20persons" title=" older persons"> older persons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia"> Tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127939/influenza-vaccination-acceptance-and-refusal-reasons-among-tunisian-elderly" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14887</span> Subacute Thyroiditis Triggered by Sinovac and Oxford-AstraZeneca Vaccine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratchaneewan%20Salao">Ratchaneewan Salao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20W.%20Edwards"> Steven W. Edwards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiatichai%20Faksri"> Kiatichai Faksri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanin%20Salao"> Kanin Salao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: A two-dose regimen of COVID-19 vaccination (inactivated whole virion SARS-CoV-2 and adenoviral vector) has been widely used. Side effects are very low, but several adverse effects have been reported. Methods: A 40-year-old female patient, with a previous history of thyroid goitre, developed severe neck pain, headache, nausea and fatigue 7-days after receiving second vaccination with Vaxzevria® (Oxford-AstraZeneca). Clinical and laboratory findings, including thyroid function tests and ultrasound of thyroid glands, were performed. Results: Her left thyroid gland was multinodular enlarged, and severely tender on palpation. She had difficulty in swallowing and had tachycardia but no signs of hyperthyroidism. Laboratory results supported a diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis. She was prescribed NSAID (Ibuprofen 400 mg) and dexamethasone for 3-days and her symptoms resolved. Conclusions: Although this is an extremely rare event, physicians may encounter more cases of this condition due to the extensive vaccination program using this combination of vaccines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adenoviral%20vector%20vaccines" title=" adenoviral vector vaccines"> adenoviral vector vaccines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subacute%20thyroiditis" title=" subacute thyroiditis"> subacute thyroiditis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162529/subacute-thyroiditis-triggered-by-sinovac-and-oxford-astrazeneca-vaccine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14886</span> Acute Superior Mesenteric Artery Thrombosis Leading to Pneumatosis Intestinalis and Portal Venous Gas in a Young Adult after COVID-19 Vaccination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prakash%20Dhakal">Prakash Dhakal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) is diagnosed via computed tomography due to unusual imaging features. HPVG, when linked with pneumatosis intestinalis, has a high mortality rate and requires urgent intervention. We present a case of a 26-year-old young adult with superior mesenteric artery thrombosis who presented with severe abdominal pain. He had a history of COVID vaccination (First dose of COVISHILED) 15 days back. On imaging, HPVG and pneumatosis intestinalis were seen owing to the urgent intervention of the patient. The reliable interpretation of the imaging findings along with quick intervention led to a favorable outcome in our case. Herein we present a thorough review of the patient with a history of COVID-19 vaccination with superior mesenteric artery thrombosis leading to bowel ischemia and hepatic portal venous gas. The patient underwent subtotal small bowel resection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19%20vaccination" title="COVID-19 vaccination">COVID-19 vaccination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMA%20thrombosis" title=" SMA thrombosis"> SMA thrombosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portal%20venoius%20gas" title=" portal venoius gas"> portal venoius gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pneumatosis%20intestinalis" title=" pneumatosis intestinalis"> pneumatosis intestinalis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158107/acute-superior-mesenteric-artery-thrombosis-leading-to-pneumatosis-intestinalis-and-portal-venous-gas-in-a-young-adult-after-covid-19-vaccination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14885</span> Laboratory-Based Monitoring of Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination Status in North Central Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nwadioha%20Samuel%20Iheanacho">Nwadioha Samuel Iheanacho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abah%20Paul"> Abah Paul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Odimayo%20Simidele%20Michael"> Odimayo Simidele Michael</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The World Health Assembly through the Global Health Sector Strategy on viral hepatitis calls for the elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. All hands are on deck to actualize this goal through an effective and active vaccination and monitoring tool. Aim: To combine the Epidemiologic with Laboratory Hepatitis B Virus vaccination monitoring tools. Method: Laboratory results analysis of subjects recruited during the World Hepatitis week from July 2020 to July 2021 was done after obtaining their epidemiologic data on Hepatitis B virus risk factors, in the Medical Microbiology Laboratory of Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Result: A total of 500 subjects comprising males 60.0%(n=300/500) and females 40.0%(n=200/500) were recruited. A fifty-three percent majority was of the age range of 26 to 36 years. Serologic profiles were as follows, 15.0%(n=75/500) HBsAg; 7.0% (n=35/500) HBeAg; 8.0% (n=40/500) Anti-Hbe; 20.0% (n=100/500) Anti-HBc and 38.0% (n=190/500) Anti-HBs. Immune responses to vaccination were as follows, 47.0%(n=235/500) Immune naïve {no serologic marker + normal ALT}; 33%(n=165/500) Immunity by vaccination {Anti-HBs + normal ALT}; 5%(n=25/500) Immunity to previous infection {Anti-HBs, Anti-HBc, +/- Anti-HBe + normal ALT}; 8%(n=40/500) Carriers {HBsAg, Anti-HBc, Anti-HBe +normal ALT} and 7% (35/500) Anti-HBe serum- negative infections {HBsAg, HBeAg, Anti-HBc +elevated ALT}. Conclusion: The present 33.0% immunity by vaccination coverage in Central Nigeria was much lower than the 41.0% national peak in 2013, and a far cry from the global expectation of attainment of a Global Health Sector Strategy on the elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. Therefore, more creative ideas and collective effort are needed to attain this goal of the World Health Assembly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hepatitis%20B" title="Hepatitis B">Hepatitis B</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination%20status" title=" vaccination status"> vaccination status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laboratory%20tools" title=" laboratory tools"> laboratory tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource-limited%20settings" title=" resource-limited settings"> resource-limited settings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163635/laboratory-based-monitoring-of-hepatitis-b-virus-vaccination-status-in-north-central-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14884</span> Assessment of the Efficacy of Oral Vaccination of Wild Canids and Stray Dogs against Rabies in Azerbaijan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20N.%20Hasanov">E. N. Hasanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Y.%20Yusifova"> K. Y. Yusifova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Ali"> M. A. Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rabies is a zoonotic disease that causes acute encephalitis in domestic and wild carnivores. The goal of our investigation was to analyze the data on oral vaccination of wild canids and stray dogs in Azerbaijan. Before the start of the vaccination campaign conducted by the International Dialogue for Environmental Action (IDEA) Animal Care Center (IACC), all rabies cases in Azerbaijan for the period of 2017-2020 were analyzed. So, 30 regions for oral immunization with the Rabadrop vaccine were selected. In total, 95.9 thousand doses of baits were scattered in 30 regions, 970 (0.97%) remained intact. In addition, a campaign to sterilize and vaccinate stray dogs and cats undoubtedly had a positive impact on reducing the dynamics of rabies incidence. During the period 2017-2020, 2339 dogs and 2962 cats were sterilized and vaccinated under this program. It can be noted that the risk of rabies infection can be reduced through special preventive measures against disease reservoirs, which include oral immunization of wild and stray animals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rabies" title="rabies">rabies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20immunization" title=" oral immunization"> oral immunization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wild%20canids" title=" wild canids"> wild canids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stray%20dogs" title=" stray dogs"> stray dogs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baits" title=" baits"> baits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease%20reservoirs" title=" disease reservoirs"> disease reservoirs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147863/assessment-of-the-efficacy-of-oral-vaccination-of-wild-canids-and-stray-dogs-against-rabies-in-azerbaijan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14883</span> Effect of Fatty Acids in Feed on Levels of Antibody Titers and CD4 and CD8 T-Lymphocyte against Newcastle Disease Virus of Vaccinated Broiler Chicken</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20A.%20Shamaun%20Al-Abboodi">Alaa A. Shamaun Al-Abboodi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunis%20A.%20A.%20Bapeer"> Yunis A. A. Bapeer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 400 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross-308) randomly divided to 2 main groups, 1st main group (GA) was feeding basal diet with medium chain fatty acid (MCFA) at rate of 0.15% and divided to four subgroups, 3 subgroups vaccinated with different routes with Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and non-vaccinated group. The 2nd main group (GB) feeding basal diet without MCFA and divided the same as 1st main group. The parameters used in this study included: ND antibody titers at 1, 10, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of age and values of CD4 and CD8 at 1, 20, 30 and 42 days of age. This experiment detected increase in ND antibodies titers in (G1, G2, G3) groups were fed on basal diet MCFA comparing to groups were fed without adding MCFA (G5, G6, G7) and control groups (G4, G8). The results of cellular immune response (CD4 and CD8) T-cells in broiler chicks indicated that there was obviously significant relationship between dietary Fatty Acid (FA) versus the diet without FA on the level of CD4 parameter, for the entire experimental period. The effect of different ages was statistically significant in creating different values of CD4 level, whereas the CD4 level decreases markedly with age. However, analyzing the data of different vaccination methods, oculonasal method of vaccination led to the highest value of CD4 compared with the oral, S/C and control groups. There were statistical differences in CD8 values due to supplementation of FA versus the basal diet and due to the effect of different age periods. As for the age effect, the CD8 value at 20 days of age was significantly higher than at 42 and 30 days. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broiler" title="broiler">broiler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CD4%20and%20CD8" title=" CD4 and CD8"> CD4 and CD8</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acids" title=" fatty acids"> fatty acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Newcastle%20Disease" title=" Newcastle Disease"> Newcastle Disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103333/effect-of-fatty-acids-in-feed-on-levels-of-antibody-titers-and-cd4-and-cd8-t-lymphocyte-against-newcastle-disease-virus-of-vaccinated-broiler-chicken" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14882</span> Positivity Rate of Person under Surveillance among Institut Jantung Negara’s Patients with Various Vaccination Statuses in the First Quarter of 2022, Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Izzat%20Md.%20Nor">Mohd Izzat Md. Nor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norfazlina%20Jaffar"> Norfazlina Jaffar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Zaitulakma%20Md.%20Zain"> Noor Zaitulakma Md. Zain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Izyanti%20Mohd%20Suppian"> Nur Izyanti Mohd Suppian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subhashini%20Balakrishnan"> Subhashini Balakrishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geetha%20Kandavello"> Geetha Kandavello</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, Malaysia has been focusing on building herd immunity by introducing vaccination programs into the community. Hospital Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) were developed to prevent inpatient transmission. Objective: In this study, we focus on the positivity rate of inpatient Person Under Surveillance (PUS) becoming COVID-19 positive and compare this to the National rate in order to see the outcomes of the patient who becomes COVID-19 positive in relation to their vaccination status. Methodology: This is a retrospective observational study carried out from 1 January until 30 March 2022 in Institut Jantung Negara (IJN). There were 5,255 patients admitted during the time of this study. Pre-admission Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) swab was done for all patients. Patients with positive PCR on pre-admission screening were excluded. The patient who had exposure to COVID-19-positive staff or patients during hospitalization was defined as PUS and were quarantined and monitored for potential COVID-19 infection. Their frequency and risk of exposure (WHO definition) were recorded. A repeat PCR swab was done for PUS patients that have clinical deterioration with or without COVID symptoms and on their last day of quarantine. The severity of COVID-19 infection was defined as category 1-5A. All patients' vaccination status was recorded, and they were divided into three groups: fully immunised, partially immunised, and unvaccinated. We analyzed the positivity rate of PUS patients becoming COVID-positive, outcomes, and correlation with the vaccination status. Result: Total inpatient PUS to patients and staff was 492; only 13 became positive, giving a positivity rate of 2.6%. Eight (62%) had multiple exposures. The majority, 8/13(72.7%), had a high-risk exposure, and the remaining 5 had medium-risk exposure. Four (30.8%) were boostered, 7(53.8%) were fully vaccinated, and 2(15.4%) were partial/unvaccinated. Eight patients were in categories 1-2, whilst 38% were in categories 3-5. Vaccination status did not correlate with COVID-19 Category (P=0.641). One (7.7%) patient died due to COVID-19 complications and sepsis. Conclusion: Within the first quarter of 2022, our institution's positivity rate (2.6%) is significantly lower than the country's (14.4%). High-risk exposure and multiple exposures to positive COVID-19 cases increased the risk of PUS becoming COVID-19 positive despite their underlying vaccination status. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boostered" title=" boostered"> boostered</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20risk" title=" high risk"> high risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quarantine" title=" quarantine"> quarantine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination%20status" title=" vaccination status"> vaccination status</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150718/positivity-rate-of-person-under-surveillance-among-institut-jantung-negaras-patients-with-various-vaccination-statuses-in-the-first-quarter-of-2022-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14881</span> Comparision of Statistical Variables for Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Children in Measles Cases in Khyber Pukhtun Khwa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inayatullah%20Khan">Inayatullah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afzal%20Khan"> Afzal Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamzullah%20Khan"> Hamzullah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afzal%20Khan"> Afzal Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare different statistical variables for vaccinated and unvaccinated children in measles cases. Material and Methods: This cross sectional comparative study was conducted at Isolation ward, Department of Paediatrics, Lady Reading Hospital (LRH), Peshawar, from April 2012 to March 2013. A total of 566 admitted cases of measles were enrolled. Data regarding age, sex, address, vaccination status, measles contact, hospital stay and outcome was collected and recorded on a proforma. History of measles vaccination was ascertained either by checking the vaccination cards or on parental recall. Result: In 566 cases of measles, 211(39%) were vaccinated and 345 (61%) were unvaccinated. Three hundred and ten (54.80%) patients were males and 256 (45.20%) were females with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1.The age range was from 1 year to 14 years with mean age with SD of 3.2 +2 years. Majority (371, 65.5%) of the patients were 1-3 years old. Mean hospital stay was 3.08 days with a range of 1-10 days and a standard deviation of ± 1.15. History of measles contact was present in 393 (69.4%) cases. Fourty eight patients were expired with a mortality rate of 8.5%. Conclusion: Majority of the children in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa are unvaccinated and unprotected against measles. Among vaccinated children, 39% of children attracted measles which indicate measles vaccine failure. This figure is clearly higher than that accepted for measles vaccine (2-10%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measles" title="measles">measles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunity" title=" immunity"> immunity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population" title=" population"> population</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12615/comparision-of-statistical-variables-for-vaccinated-and-unvaccinated-children-in-measles-cases-in-khyber-pukhtun-khwa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14880</span> Safety and Efficacy of Recombinant Clostridium botulinum Types B Vaccine Candidate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mi-Hye%20Hwang">Mi-Hye Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Min%20Son"> Young Min Son</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kichan%20Lee"> Kichan Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bang-Hun%20Hyun"> Bang-Hun Hyun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byeong%20Yeal%20Jung">Byeong Yeal Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Botulism is a paralytic disease of human beings and animals caused by neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum. The neurotoxins are genetically distinguished into 8 types, A to H. Ingestion of performed toxin, usually types B, C, and D, have been shown to produce diseases in most cases of cattle botulism. Vaccination is the best measure to prevent cattle botulism. However, the commercially available toxoid-based vaccines are difficult and hazardous to produce. We produced recombinant protein using gene of heavy chain domain of botulinum toxin B of which binds to cellular receptor of neuron cells and used as immunogen. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of botulism vaccine composed of recombinant types B. Safety test was done by National Regulation for Veterinary Biologicals. For efficacy test, female ICR mice (5 weeks old) were subcutaneously injected, intraperitoneally challenged, and examined the survival rates compared with vaccination and non-vaccination group. Mouse survival rate of recombinant types B vaccine was above 80%, while one of non-vaccination group was 0%. A vaccine composed of recombinant types B was safe and efficacious in mouse. Our results suggest that recombinant heavy chain receptor binding domain can be used as an effective vaccine candidate for type B botulism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=botulism" title="botulism">botulism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livestock" title=" livestock"> livestock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine" title=" vaccine"> vaccine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombinant%20protein" title=" recombinant protein"> recombinant protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxin" title=" toxin"> toxin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80612/safety-and-efficacy-of-recombinant-clostridium-botulinum-types-b-vaccine-candidate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80612.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn 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